#AC voltage measurment

[anarchopuppy]

How to Build a Small Solar Power System - Low-tech Magazine

Readers have told me they like to build small-scale photovoltaic installations like those that power Low-tech Magazine’s website and office. However, they don’t know where to start and what components to buy. This guide brings all the information together: what you need, how to wire everything, what your design choices are, where to put solar panels, how to fix them in place (or not), how to split power and install measuring instruments. It deals with solar energy systems that charge batteries and simpler configurations that provide direct solar power. Conventional solar PV installations are installed on a rooftop or in a field. They convert the low voltage direct current (DC) power produced by solar panels into high voltage alternate (AC) power for use by main appliances and rely on the power grid during the night and in bad weather. None of this holds for the small-scale systems we build in this manual. They are completely independent of the power grid, run entirely on low voltage power, and are not powering a whole household or city but rather a room, a collection of devices, or a specific device. Small-scale solar is decentralized power production taken to its extremes. Most of the work in building a small-scale solar system is deciding the size of the components and the building of the supporting structure for the solar panel. Wiring is pretty straightforward unless you want a sophisticated control panel. You only need a limited set of tools: a wire stripper, some screwdrivers (including small ones), and a wood saw are the only essentials. A soldering iron, pliers, and a multimeter are handy, but you can do without them.

[builtbybrokenbells]

Spitfire | iii

Jake still can’t seem to get the girl from the bar off his mind, even after his time in Baltimore was long forgotten to everyone else. He spends his free time getting to know her, realizing quickly that she’s everything he’s dreamed of. She makes fast at showing him that not everyone is interested in him solely for the fame, but he’s still puzzled at how she pushed him to the brink of falling in love with her in only a mere few weeks.

Read part two here

Read part four here

Pairing: jake kiszka x f!reader

Word count: 5.3k

Warnings: university exams/exam season (🤢), drinking, smoking (weed & cigarettes), long distance, annoying brotherly activities, fluff, mentions of provocative text messages, not really a whole lot w this one, but sorry if i missed any!

hi! here’s part three :) this is mostly a filler to advance to the main story, but i wanted to throw in some long distance fluffiness because i love hurting my own feelings! lots of dialogue to set the scene/relationship/emotion. as always, enjoy, and please be kind and ignore any grammar mistakes 🫶🏻🫶🏻 also disclaimer I am no longer a science student at university so some of the science-y stuff may not be perfectly accurate, no hate pls

~

An incoming call shook you from your focus, your eyes quickly darting down at your phone to see who it was from. You removed your glasses for a moment, rubbing your eyes to wake yourself up. When you put them back on, you noticed that Jake was the one causing the disturbance. A small smile crossed your lips as you picked your phone up, swiping across the screen to accept the video call. His face appeared after a few seconds, a beaming grin plastered on his cheeks. His hair was damp, likely from him showering after the concert he’d just had. A few hours earlier, he promised he’d call when he got back to the hotel, and it wasn’t like Jake to forget a promise.

“Hello, beautiful.” He said before you had a chance to greet him. You let out a small laugh, clicking the lamp on that was sitting on your computer desk. You placed your phone against the screen of your laptop, propping it up so you didn’t have to hold it.

“Hello, handsome.” You greeted back. “But, I am far from beautiful right about now.” You dismissed him, taking your hair down from its messy bun and putting it back up, neater this time. “I think this paper is going to kill me.” You truly meant it. You were in the midst of writing your final thesis paper for your undergraduate degree. After doing a research credit all year long, the paper proved the most difficult of the whole process.

“I think you’re going to ace it.” He said, taking a seat on the hotel bed. “What’s it on, anyway? You never actually told me.” He was right; you’d been working on it the entire time you’d known him, but never dived into the specifics with him, too afraid of talking his ear off about your year-long journey.

“Um,” you gave a small chuckle, pulling out your draft report. “The study of blood-glucose measurement based on blood resistivity.” You muttered the title before tossing the book of paper back down. His eyes widened a bit, trying to process what you were saying, but he covered it up quickly with a supportive nod.

“I love it when you talk science to me.” He sighed, a note of humour radiating from him. You let out a giggle, happy he’d called to ease the tension between you and your work. “But, you know, could you give me a refresher on what exactly that means?” He asked, leaning back against his headboard. You noticed he was shirtless, feeling a small flutter in your stomach at the sight.

“You mean to tell me you can’t tell me all about a diabetic study based off voltage and curve fitting?” You asked, an incredulous look in your eye. He laughed, giving a shrug.

“I’m a bit rusty.” You admired his features, how beautiful he looked when he was happy. You also noticed he looked tired himself, his eyes drooping slightly.

“I’ve been doing a research credit for my degree. I read a study about something similar way back in high school and it stuck with me, because my father’s side of the family struggles with diabetes. My dad and two of my brothers have Type 1. I decided to take a deeper look into it for my thesis.” You explained. He gave you his full attention, humming an agreement to assure you he was listening. “But basically what I’m doing is experimenting to see if we can measure a persons blood-sugar level in a non-invasive way. I studied pulses with electrodes and compared the voltage to different blood-sugar levels on a curve to see if it’s a suitable way to calculate it.”

“Did it work?” He asked, genuinely intrigued.

“Well, sort of.” You scratched your head, furrowing your eyebrows slightly, trying to find the best way to explain it. “There’s definitely a correlation, and I think if it was studied further, it could genuinely get somewhere. It would be pretty cool if it did. Blood-sugar level tests are extremely troublesome in general. They take time, they’re painful, and super expensive in the long run. I know my family spent thousands of dollars on Will and Sam when they were kids, and we had good insurance. It was really interesting to look at. I’m glad I picked it, but almost seven months of study is a lot to compile into one report.” You chuckled. “It’s required to be 40-60 pages long.”

“I think you’re a genius,” he said as a matter-of-fact “and I know that whatever you put down on that paper is going to be fantastic.” He assured you. You gave him a smile, appreciating his words.

“I can only be so much of a genius with a recycled idea,” you reminded, sitting up in your chair. “But I’m almost done the bulk of the work now, so I can forget about it soon enough.”

“When is it due?” He questioned.

“Friday.” You sighed, looking at your calendar. “Three days to go and I’m officially done.”

“See? That’s not so bad. I’ll read it when you’re finished and tell you how amazing it is. I probably won’t understand any of it, but I do know how to give you a compliment.” He flashed the smile that you’d been missing so much. And he was right, he sure did know how to compliment you. It was his favourite pastime, even when you looked as run down as you did in that moment.

“And I would be more than delighted to share it with you.” You watched him again, more interested in him than you’d ever been in your schoolwork. “Anyway, enough about me. How’d your show go, rockstar?”

“I don’t think I can ever get enough of you,” the cheesy line was accompanied by a goofier grin. You rolled your eyes, both of you knowing you weren’t really annoyed with him. “It was good. The crowds are always amazing. We played really well, but I am tired though.”

“Of course you are; it’s hard work to put on a good show.” You sympathized. You could tell how much he loved what he did, but he was always exhausted when he called you at night, which was a common occurrence. He’d been gone for almost two weeks, now, and if he absolutely could not call you during the day, he texted as much as he could. Communication was never ceased, in turn, never leaving you wondering if he meant everything he’d told you. It only took him the length of the plane ride to use your number after he left, claiming he didn’t stop thinking of you once while he was flying away from you. Now, the end of your semester was quickly approaching, which meant the end of your bachelor studies as well.

The day you’d so conveniently ran into him at the coffee shop had sparked a beautifully blossoming relationship. That evening, both went back to your house, where he’d met your roommates (well, officially, at least) and you all had dinner together. You’d given him the house tour he’d been so eager for, and eventually you went back to his hotel with him. Much to everyone’s disbelief, it was completely PG the whole night, aside from a few kisses. You’d met his brothers, spent some time with them and were lucky enough to get to know them, even if it wasn’t much past the surface level. You and Jake spent the night talking, listening to music and really getting past the superficialities.

Not once did he make an advance, proving to you even further that he meant what he’d told you. You shared a bed with him night, falling asleep wrapped in each others arms with no intent for sex or any other hidden implications. It was something you’d never experienced before. When you woke, you got breakfast together. You went with him to the airport to see him off, and he’d kissed you. That’s where the intimacy ended. Now, you had to see him through a phone screen or a camera, always aching to be held by him again. It was the most peace you’d ever known from another person.

You were still nervous, finding it hard to integrate another person into your daily routine in such a way, but the process was made so much easier because of the type of person he was. He was understanding of your timidity, always kind and gentle, he was quick with his words and they were always sweet, and he was gorgeous. Making Jake a part of your every day life had been easier than anything you’d ever done. Nothing was official; it was mostly just phone calls and texting, even if it was constant. A lot of it was innocent, asking about each others days, or mindless chatter that you would never bother to share with anyone else. No matter what you had to say, he always seemed to want to listen. Occasionally, the flirting would take over. He was usually very respectful, he didn’t like to initiate until he knew you were okay with it, but every now and then, he’d send a risky text or picture first. Nothing too graphic, just enough to let you know he was thinking about you. You’d never admit it, but they were some of your favourite texts to receive. Sometimes you would send one first, particularly when it was a bad time for him, just to be an asshole.

You were still processing the entire situation. You’d never been in a relationship or a ‘situationship’, as some say, without it starting with sex, or at least the intent of only having sex. It was nice, knowing him so well before he knew you so intimately. The emotional intimacy felt way nicer than any physical gratification you could imagine. You felt yourself really falling for Jake, despite being so evasive of the idea when you first met him. You truly felt like he was someone you could love, or he was someone who could love you like you’d always wanted.

“When is your ceremony?” He asked. Your eyes shot up to the screen, breaking out of your thoughts.

“Uh, what, sorry?” You cleared your throat, feeling a bit embarrassed for zoning out.

“Your graduation ceremony?” He asked again, not bothered by having to repeat himself.

“Oh,” you looked at your calendar again, eyes tracking the days. There was a big red circle with the word ‘freedom’ scribbled in it. You chuckled to yourself, remembering when Eve had written it. She was over the moon for you when you submitted your credits for review to graduate. She was taking her degree slow, likely to finish in five years rather than four. Knowing that you would still be there with her while she finished, or that she wouldn’t have to leave you behind when she moved away, made both of you relieved beyond measure. “The 24th.” You clarified.

“I have a show that day.” His voice was sad. You felt a bit of disappointment at his words, but you understood. Besides, you’d only known him for a couple weeks; you couldn’t expect him to drop everything to go to your graduation when he barely knew you.

“That’s okay.” You assured him. “I didn’t expect you to go anyway.” You realized how harsh your words sounded after they came out. A solemn look fell across his features. “No, Jake, I’m sorry. I didn’t mean it like that.” You rushed out. “I just meant that we’ve only been talking for a few weeks. I would never expect you to drop your whole life to come and see my ceremony.”

“You say that like you’re not important to me.” He said, fidgeting with something behind the screen.

“I know I am, Jake.” You assured him. “And you’re important to me, too. I just know that life is busy. Especially for you, rockstar.” A small smile tugged at the corner of his lips.

“Maybe Eve will be generous enough to do a video call with me.” He suggested. You nodded, thinking that wasn’t a bad idea at all.

“I’ll have to ask her, but I’m sure she would. I think she likes you.” He let out a small laugh.

“Well that’s good, I guess.” His attention was disrupted by a knock on his door. “Hold on,” he mumbled, getting out of the bed. He continued holding the phone, not wanting to miss a moment of time talking to you. You heard his hotel door open, only being able to see his shoulder on the camera.

“Hello, brother.” You heard a voice say. You could recognize it as Josh’s. He’d joined your calls a fair few times over the last few weeks, just the same as Danny and Sam. You were slowly getting to know all of the boys, which was really making you feel like Jake was serious about this whole thing. “Care to partake?” You heard a laugh fall from Jake, warming your heart. You were certain that it had become your favourite sound in the whole world.

“Yeah, but she has to join, too.” Jake informed his brother.

“Oh, is that y/n?” Josh asked, his excitement growing. “Actually, I don’t think I even have to ask.”

“Hi, Josh!” Your voice echoed from the phone. You saw a struggle on the screen, hearing muffled bumps and noises, until eventually Josh’s smiling face popped into view.

“Hey, mama.” You could hear Jake arguing with his brother, trying to get his phone back. Josh seemed to be walking down the hallway, now, away from his twin. You couldn’t help but giggle at the interaction. “You wanna get drunk with us?” He asked. You eyed your laptop screen, internally debating if you should or not.

“You know, you guys are awfully bad influences.” You teased.

“Is that a yes?” You could see Jake approaching in the background of the camera, now. Josh raised his eyebrow at you in anticipation. He was still evading Jake, picking up his speed as he ran away from him.

“Josh, don’t pressure her into it.” Jake scolded. He sounded far away, you could barely make out what he was saying. You were having a hard time holding back your laughs, now. The whole situation was perfectly comedic and seemed to be exactly what you needed to feel better.

“Yeah, I’d love to, Josh.” You agreed. He let out a triumphant noise, halting his movement completely. Jake finally reached him, grabbing his phone back. You finally lost control of your laughter when you saw his grumpy expression appear in the frame. “Hi, honey.” You joked through bouts of giggles, wiping away a tear that had fallen.

“I’m glad you think he’s funny,” Jake tried to sound annoyed, but he was failing miserably, unable to stay upset while seeing you so happy. “Try being around him all of the time.”

“Oh come on, he’s not that bad.” You comforted, catching your breath.

“You have no idea.” He grumbled, making his way back to his hotel room. Josh appeared behind him, holding a liquor bottle in his hand. You stood yourself, throwing a hoodie on over your tank top. Jake watched you silently, admiring you. He thought you were the most beautiful girl he’d ever seen, even when you were doing the most mundane tasks. You grabbed your cigarette pack from the desk and slipped it into the pocket. “Are you sure you want to stay on the phone? I can let you go, I know you have work to do.” The concern was dripping from his words.

“I’m okay, I want to talk to you guys. I wasn’t getting much work done, anyway. I think I just have to take a break, start fresh tomorrow.” You were lying, but only slightly. Your work was not going fantastic, but you were making progress. Still, you’d rather put the last bit of your report off until tomorrow if it meant you got to spend time with Jake, even if it was virtual.

“Okay, if you’re sure.” Jake said, a note of warning in his tone.

“She wants to hang out with us, Jake. Don’t convince her to change her mind.” You could practically hear Josh’s eye roll in his statement.

“What, I’m not- you know what? Get out.” Even as he said it, there was a smile on his face and a ghost of a laugh in his voice. You thought it was sweet, how close the two boys were. Twin thing aside, they really were best friends. They knew each other better than anyone else, and they were always functioning on the same wavelength. Even when they were mad at each other, they were never really mad.

Almost nightly you’d see an appearance from Josh in your FaceTimes with Jake. He’d instantly added you on his personal social media’s, wanting to know you just as bad as Jake did, but for a different reason. You remembered back to a few days after they left, how Josh had sent you a message telling you that ‘if Jake talked so highly about you, he had to know you, too’. The instant acceptance was heartwarming. The boys reminded you of your own brothers. You were excited for them all to meet, eventually. They’d talked on the phone a few times, but you couldn’t wait for them to all be together and really know each other.

Just as you were exiting your room, your phone began to vibrate again. A grin pulled at your lips. Your brother Sam was calling, too. “Hold on, guys.” You said, clicking the hold button on your current call and answering the video from your sibling. “Hello, spawn of Satan.” You greeted as soon as the call connected.

“I’m really starting to question if you love me or not.” He shot back. You chuckled.

“Oh, I do love you, brother dearest, but it’s because I have to.” You teased. “Hold on, I’m on the phone with Jake. I’m going to merge it.” You informed him. He gave a nod. You clicked into the other call, pressing the merge button. Within a moment, the screen was shared between Jake and Sam. It took Jake a moment to realize what happened, but when he did, his eyes lit up.

“It’s other Sam!” He said. Your brother cracked a smile, probably larger than any one he’d ever given you.

“What’s up, rockstar?” Sam asked. Josh peeked his head into view, not wanting to miss out on any of the conversation. “Twin rockstars!” Jake and Josh got a chuckle out of it. You’d instantly told Sam about Jake, calling him right after you got home from the airport. Sam, being a nosy little shit, did a deep dive of him on all social media’s. Within a few days, all of your brothers knew about him, and were begging you to let them meet him. So, you thought you’d ease the transition by allowing them on a few of your calls with him. Sam had taken to him immediately, especially upon learning he also had a brother named Sam. According to him, it was fate that you and Jake ended up together. If you didn’t know any better, you’d think he wanted to date Jake, too.

“Glad I’m so easily forgettable.” You rolled your eyes, making your way down the hallway and into the kitchen. Ally was sitting at the table with a bowl of soup and her laptop in front of her. She looked like she’d been crying, staring down her final assignment with a look of disdain on her face. Exam season always put a damper on the household mood. You walked over and gave her a supportive shoulder pat, knowing you were close to the same mental state. Sam found himself chatting away with the other two boys, completely ignoring your comment, which only proved your point further. “M’going outside, if you wanna join.” You told her. She shook her head, barely being able to formulate words.

“I have to finish this.” She groaned, relaxing into her chair. “Due tomorrow.”

“Stuck?” You asked, peering down at her screen. She nodded. You gazed at the question that was left answerless, the last one on the page. “Is this Calc III?” She gave a nod. “Okay, where’s your work for it so far?” She pointed out a paragraph.

“I just can’t seem to get the numbers to work out.” She let out a long sigh, throwing her pencil down on the table. You looked over it for a minute, studying the numbers she was using.

“Okay, it’s a relation between a flux and a line integral, right?”

“Yeah, it is.” You turned the volume down on your phone a bit, not wanting to distract her while the boys talked.

“You remember the unit where you talked about the three main integral theorems?” She gave a hum, seeming to get what you’re saying. “One of those has an equation that will solve this question. And you’ll need to remember it for the exam, too, because there’s a couple questions about it.” You told her. She looked like she was wracking her brain for an answer, desperate to remember what you were talking about. After a moment, it seemed to click.

“Stoke’s theorem!” She exploded, catching the attention of all of the boys on the phone call. She noticed the lack of noise, a blush rising to her cheeks. You held up your hand for a high-five, helping her forget about her outburst. “Thank you.” She whispered.

“No problem,” you assured her “now, if you want to join, I will be outside getting fucked up. I am trying to forget about my thesis.” She let out a small laugh.

“How many pages?” She asked.

“I am on page 51, if you must know. Nearly there!” You cheered yourself on. “I should be able to finish it tomorrow.” You went to the fridge, grabbing a bottle of wine and a container of cut up fruit someone had bought at the grocery store.

“I believe in you.” She said, turning back to her laptop. “I might be out in a bit. I haven’t seen Eve all day. Not sure if she’s alive or not, so I’ll have to check on her first.” You saw Sam perk up at the mention of Eve’s name. He probably hadn’t heard from her, either. She was fully immersed in studying, more so than anyone else. She took her exams extremely serious. With a smaller course load, she wanted to ensure her marks were as best as they could be. You were proud of her for it. She worked really hard, but you did miss her presence during exam weeks.

“Saw her this morning drinking orange juice from the bottle, haven’t seen her since.” You informed her. The two of you shared a laugh. “She’s alive, just in hermit mode.”

You parted ways, opening the front door after putting on a pair of slippers. You moved over to the patio chairs placed around a table on the porch. It was a closed porch with large glass windows and another door leading to the street. You thought it was peaceful, finding it your favourite spot in the whole house. You sat down, resting your feet on the table. You pulled out a joint and a cigarette from the cardboard box in your pocket. “What did I miss?” You asked them, now focusing on your screen again.

“We were actually just talking about how much we hate you,” Sam said, a hint of fake sympathy accompanying his words.

“Mmhmm,” you mumbled, joint now between your lips and your lighter setting the tip ablaze. You took a large inhale, the cherry glowing red in the dim lighting. A billow of smoke flowed from your mouth as you exhaled. Almost instantly, you felt the tension melt off your shoulders. Josh seemed positively buzzed, his cheeks burning red and his smile never leaving. Sam looked as though he was ready for bed, eyes heavy and bloodshot. You were sure he’d been high for hours. Jake was sipping a drink silently, but his eyes never seemed to move from the camera.

“Alex and I are flying in Friday morning.” Sam said. Your eyes lit up, a course of adrenaline flowing through your veins.

“Really?” He gave a nod.

“Yeah, we decided to come early, spend some with with you before mom and dad got there. I think our flight leaves here at five.” He explained. “So you better have all of your shit done, because we want to party.” He warned.

“It will be, don’t worry.” You promised. “I think I’ll have my report done by tomorrow. I just have to type the conclusion and my entire novel of sources.” You chuckled to yourself, looking down at the joint between your fingers. “I’ll get Ally to proofread it; she said she would a few days ago. After that, I’m a free woman.” You announced, feeling proud of yourself for getting this far.

After that, the chatter died down. Sam eventually hung up, telling everyone he was tired and wanted to go to bed. You bid your goodbye, already feeling the anticipation begin for his arrival. You and the twins continued on with mindless conversation, sipping away at your drinks. When you cigarette pack was down to the last three, and the bottle of wine was threatening the end, Josh was ready to retire for the night, too. He was dozing off in Jake’s bed every so often, a small snore falling from his mouth periodically. You were caught up in Jake, not caring that the rest of the company had dwindled down. He was exhausted but still immersed in your conversations about nothing, and everything.

It wasn’t too long before Josh stumbled away to his own hotel room. He gave a solemn goodnight, telling you that he wished you were there with them, before he toddled away. Your cheeks were warm in the cool night air, the liquor and weed weighing heavily on you, but not any more than your tiredness.

When Jake settled into bed under the covers, as much as sleep wanted to become him, he couldn’t bring himself to close his eyes. “Are you going to bed, beautiful?” He mumbled. You couldn’t help but giggle to yourself. He was barely formulating the words, head buried so deep in the pillow you could hardly see him anymore.

“I think you probably should.” You told him, concern becoming you. “We can talk tomorrow, rockstar.”

“Don’t want to,” he mumbled “just want you here with me.” Your heart ached, hating to admit to yourself that you felt the same way.

“I know, I do too.” You finally mustered out. As much as you enjoyed talking with Jake, and as aware as you were about your feelings for him, the opening up part was proving quite difficult. You had no problem with the flirting, or the endless conversations, or even the sex talk, but telling him how you truly felt was troublesome. You weren’t sure if it was because you were scared of rejection, or because you were just scared of falling in love with him. “I miss you.” You whispered.

“I miss you too, beautiful.” He seemed more alert now, energized by the fact you’d made that proclamation first, this time.

“When can I see you again?” You picked at some frayed strings on your pants, avoiding looking at him.

“Soon, I promise. Once you finish school, I’ll take you around the world with me.” His smile brought your attention back to him. You found it impossible to look anywhere else. Your chest burned at his statement, wondering if he was being truthful or not.

“You mean it?”

“Never meant anything more in my life.” He assured you. “I hate sleeping alone, now, ‘cause I know what it’s like to sleep next to you.” You stood to go back inside, butting out your last cigarette of the night before entering through the front door and locking it behind you. You didn’t answer him until you were in your bedroom with the door closed.

“Don’t make promises you don’t mean, rockstar.” You took off your sweater and your pants, climbing into bed. The alcohol was buzzing through your veins, making your head feel a bit fuzzy. You were more than ready for bed.

“I’ve never told you anything I didn’t mean, baby.” The pet name rolled off his tongue so effortlessly, like he was meant to call you that all along, but it hit you with such an impact that you were sure it had stopped your heart for a moment. He’d called you plenty of other names, more in a compliment context, but such a domestic title was something very new. He didn’t even notice the effect it had on you; he was laying there with his eyes closed, phone only showing half of his face in the frame. When you didn’t answer, he opened one of his eyes to see what was going on. “I’m sorry, did that bother you? I wasn’t thinking,” he rushed out.

“No, Jake. It’s okay.” You reassured him. “I liked it.” A small smile creeped onto his face. You couldn’t help but return it. “I think I’m falling for you, rockstar.” You breathed after a moment too long.

“I already have, witchy woman.” His eyes were open again, watching the blush spread across your cheeks. That was the best way he could say it, because he was afraid he’d already fallen in love with you. He was glad he could at least tell you a sliver of what he was feeling for you. “I can’t wait to see you again.”

“Soon,” you said, curling up into your blankets.

“Can we stay on the phone tonight?” He asked. “I don’t want to hang up.”

“Yeah, I’d like that a lot.” You turned over, plugging your phone into the charger. You set your phone on your nightstand, propped up against a book so he could see you. He shuffled around, doing the same thing. This wasn’t the first time you’d fallen asleep with him on the phone. You hadn’t done it in a few days, though. It was nice. When the days permitted, sometimes you even got to wake up to him before he had to go. He usually waited as long as he could before hanging up so he could at least try to say good morning. If you were awake first, you did the same. You really enjoyed the little routines you two had been building together.

You both settled into your beds, rustling in the pillows and blankets to find the comfiest position. You watched your phone, wanting to soak in every second of seeing his face. “Goodnight, beautiful.” He mumbled, sleep calling to him. “Sleep well, I’ll see you in the morning.” He said it as if it were a promise.

“Goodnight, rockstar.” You whispered. His eyes fluttered closed as he bit his tongue, holding back any other words. The ‘L’ word was always so dangerously close to slipping out of his mouth. He felt so stupid, wanting to say ‘I love you’, when he’d only known you for a few weeks, but he felt like he really did. He’d never met anyone else who made him feel like you did, and it started from the minute he saw you.

Before you closed your own eyes, they drifted to the wall behind your computer desk. The record sleeve of one of Jake’s albums stood so beautifully prominent, his signature illuminated by your desk lamp. Your gaze lingered over the sharpie marks, stomach fluttering at the memory of him writing it. You fell asleep with a smile, already excited to wake up to him in the morning.

~

Tag list: @gvfpal @jakesgrapejuice

[safamccoy]

Adult Weighing scale

Medzer adult weighing scale is a device used to measure a person's weight accurately. It typically consists of a flat platform on which the individual stands, with sensors underneath that detect the weight applied. It have accurately measures weight with flat platform & sensors (Height: 20cm to 210cm, Weight: 2-200kg). Voltage: AC 160V-250V, 50V.

[loanbank]

What is a DC Load Bank?

In the world of electrical engineering and testing, the term "DC load bank" might not be one you encounter every day, but its importance is monumental, especially in industries relying on direct current (DC) power systems. This article will delve into what a DC load bank is, its applications, and why they are essential for ensuring the reliability and efficiency of power systems. Welcome to an exploration of the unsung hero in power testing—EMAX Load Bank's specialty.

Understanding DC Load Banks

A DC load bank is a device designed to simulate electrical loads on a power source, specifically one that provides direct current. This simulation is crucial for testing and validating the performance and reliability of DC power systems, such as batteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic (solar) systems. By applying a controlled load, a DC load bank helps in determining how well a power source can handle real-world conditions and perform under various scenarios.

Components of a DC Load Bank

A typical DC load bank comprises several key components:

Resistive Elements: These are the primary components that dissipate power in the form of heat. They simulate the electrical load.

Control Systems: These allow for the adjustment and regulation of the load applied to the power source. Advanced control systems enable precise load management.

Cooling Systems: Since resistive elements generate heat, efficient cooling mechanisms (fans or liquid cooling) are essential to maintain safe operating temperatures.

Measurement Instruments: These instruments monitor voltage, current, and other relevant parameters to provide accurate data during testing.

Applications of DC Load Banks

Battery Testing

Batteries are at the heart of many DC power systems, from small-scale applications like consumer electronics to large-scale uses such as backup power systems and electric vehicles. DC load banks are used to perform discharge testing on batteries, ensuring they can deliver the required power over their expected lifespan. This testing is crucial for identifying potential issues and ensuring reliability.

Power Supply Validation

Power supplies need to be reliable and efficient, especially in critical applications like data centers, telecommunications, and industrial automation. DC load banks test these power supplies under different loads to verify their performance, efficiency, and stability. This process helps in identifying any weaknesses that might lead to failures or inefficiencies in real-world conditions.

Renewable Energy Systems

With the rise of renewable energy, particularly solar power, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of photovoltaic systems is paramount. DC load banks test these systems by simulating various load conditions, helping in the optimization and verification of solar panels and their associated power electronics.

Electric Vehicle Testing

Electric vehicles (EVs) rely heavily on DC power systems for propulsion and auxiliary functions. DC load banks play a critical role in testing EV batteries and power electronics, ensuring they can meet the demanding conditions of real-world driving. This testing is essential for safety, performance, and the overall user experience of EVs.

Why DC Load Banks are Essential

Ensuring Reliability

The primary purpose of a DC load bank is to ensure the reliability of power systems. By simulating real-world conditions, these devices help identify potential issues before they cause failures. This proactive approach to testing can prevent costly downtime and improve the overall dependability of power systems.

Enhancing Efficiency

Efficiency is a key consideration in any power system. DC load banks help in optimizing the performance of power sources, ensuring they operate at peak efficiency under various conditions. This optimization can lead to significant cost savings over time, especially in large-scale applications like industrial plants or renewable energy farms.

Safety Assurance

Safety is paramount in any electrical system. DC load banks help in identifying and mitigating risks by testing power sources under controlled conditions. This testing can reveal potential safety issues, such as overheating or overloading, allowing for corrective measures to be taken before real-world deployment.

Supporting Innovation

As technology advances, so do the demands on power systems. DC load banks support innovation by providing a reliable means of testing new power sources and technologies. This support is crucial for the development of next-generation batteries, power supplies, and renewable energy systems.

EMAX Load Bank: Leading the Way

In the realm of DC load banks, EMAX Load Bank stands out as a leader, providing cutting-edge solutions for a wide range of applications. EMAX Load Bank's products are designed with precision and reliability in mind, ensuring that they meet the rigorous demands of modern power systems.

Advanced Features

EMAX Load Bank offers advanced features that set their products apart:

Precision Control: EMAX Load Bank's control systems allow for precise load management, ensuring accurate testing and validation.

Robust Construction: Built to withstand demanding conditions, EMAX Load Bank's products are durable and reliable.

Comprehensive Monitoring: With state-of-the-art measurement instruments, EMAX Load Bank provides comprehensive data for analysis and optimization.

Commitment to Quality

EMAX Load Bank is committed to quality and innovation, continuously improving their products to meet the evolving needs of the industry. Their dedication to excellence ensures that customers receive the best possible solutions for their testing and validation needs.

Conclusion

DC load banks are essential tools in the world of electrical engineering, providing critical support for the testing and validation of DC power systems. From battery testing to renewable energy systems, these devices play a vital role in ensuring reliability, efficiency, and safety. EMAX Load Bank, with its advanced features and commitment to quality, leads the way in providing top-notch DC load bank solutions.

As technology continues to advance and the demand for reliable power systems grows, the importance of DC load banks will only increase. Whether you're in the field of renewable energy, electric vehicles, or industrial power systems, understanding and utilizing DC load banks is key to ensuring success and innovation in your endeavors.

[gfuveelectronics]

GF6018A High precisition 6.5bit portable AC DC multi product calibrator for multimeter calibrator

This GF6018A high precision multi-product calibrator is compliance with national verification regulation: JJG124-2005 Ammeter, voltmeter, power meter and resistance meter verification rules" and related national standards. 0.05% single-phase standard AC/DC voltage and current source, can verify level 0.2 and the following AC/DC voltmeter, ammeter, frequency meter, resistance meter & clamp meter. The source signals by using DSP and 16-bit high-speed A/D converters of controllable sine wave, the distorted wave signal source. Multifunction calibrator GF6018A is designed as universal calibration tool for electrical calibration laboratories. Measurement range from 0-1050V and 0-20A AC/DC;With 200A, 600A, 1000A calibration coil. The GF6018A clamp type multimeter calibrator with RS-232 port, it can be connected with PC to control, become automatic verification system. It has precise interface and multi-functions including verification, storage and query. The GF6018A multimeter calibrator adopts color LCD screen, chart character display is clear, with high precision, stable and reliable, convenient operation and flexible characteristics. It fully meets ISO17025 laboratory standards and is a good ideal test equipment for electrical engineers. APPLICATION ■ Power plant; ■ Universities; ■ Panel manufacturer; ■ Research institutes; ■ Electrical testing center; ■ Multimeter manufacturers; ■ Oscilloscope manufacturer; ■ Clamp meter manufacturers; ■ Digital meter manufacturers; ■ ISO17025 Electrical laboratory; ■ Electricity power bureau & power company; ■ Power engineering commissioning company; ■ Electrical Department of industrial and mining enterprises;

[renewablephilosopher]

1.) A megger is used to ___.

A. Measures resistances using high applied voltages

B. Measures current using high applied amperage's

C.Sends up to 1,500 volts DC to the motor to determine is the coils or insulation of the wiring is in good shape

D. Measures AC voltage using high applied voltages.

The accuracy of digital multimeters is within ___ and the accuracy of analog multimeters

Is within ____.

A. 0.7%, 4%

B. 0.09%, 1%

C. 0.9%, 3%

D. 0.5%, 3%

After the equipment to be worked on is verified de-energized,_______________.

A. Hot, Cold, Hot testing needs to be conducted

B. Work can be performed safely but you must be wearing your Electrically Rate Gloves

C.Temporary safety grounds should be installed.

D. Work can be performed, after you partner verifies Hot Cold Hot.

4.)How many different FR, Flame Retardent Products does Blaklader have?

A. 26

B. 13

C. 16

D. 20

5.) What year and what Country was Blaklader founded?

A. 1959, Sweden

B. 1954, Ireland

C. 1950, Great Britain

D. 1956, Canada

E. 1958, USA

6.) Bonus Question:

The Bench power supply is used to provide ____.

A. An AC Voltage necessary to Operate Various Instruments

B. DC voltage necessary to Operate Various Instruments

C. Needs to produce up to 8 amps to operate various instrument

D. Supplies 240 volts dc to Operate Various Instruments

[indeenterprises]

Discover the Best in India: Solar Powered Digital Multimeter by INDE Enterprises

When it comes to precision measurement, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, the Solar Powered Digital Multimeter offered exclusively by INDE Enterprises reigns supreme in India.

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[unofficial-sean]

What is Electricity?

[The following is a rough script for a student-led presentation to my HVAC classmates, who are currently building and testing basic AC circuits with no formal introduction to the fundamental concepts of electricity and energy. Like, line voltage. I wish I was joking.]

Electricity is all around us. It charges our phones, amplifies our voices, heats our homes, and allows us to communicate from vast distances. It is humanity's greatest discovery. Greater than fire, greater than the internal combustion engine. Greater than nuclear fission. Nothing in this room would exist without it.

For almost two weeks, now, we have been building circuits for electricity to pass through and do work for us. But do you know what this invisible force even is? Today, we are going to change that.

We will start small, at the atomic level. This is the basic atomic model you may have seen before. We have a nucleus, made of neutron and proton particles, and orbitals around the nucleus occupied by electron particles. The neutron has a neutral charge, the proton has a positive charge, and the electron has a negative charge.

This is the atomic model for copper, the most common conductor used in electrical circuits. It is a kind of metal. We use copper over other conductive metals because it is inexpensive and is good enough for general use. Copper conducts electricity so well because of this guy. The valence electron. The valence shell is the outermost orbital of any given atom, and in copper, there is just one.

The fewer valence electrons there are, the more conductive an element is [simplification, necessary]. There can be up to eight electrons in an atom's valence shell [simplification].

This is a copper wire. There are two kinds: solid core and stranded core. When the wire isn't connected to anything, those valence electrons are idle, remaining with their respective atoms [simplification]. But when we apply a voltage across the wire, those electrons are moved from negative to positive along the wire simultaneously. This movement of electrons is what we call current, and is measured in amperage, or amps, symbolized by "I".

Let's step back for a moment. I mentioned voltage, but what exactly is it? Voltage is the difference in electrostatic potential energy between two points [simplification]. Voltage can be produced by chemicals and plates in a battery, or can be produced by a generator. I will go into detail on generators later. For now, let us examine a battery.

The standard battery in your car is a 12v lead-acid battery. The voltage between the positive and negative terminals is 12.6v in a healthy battery. Inside the battery are lead plates connected like so, and immersed in an acidic liquid we call electrolyte. There are 6 cells in this battery, and each has an individual voltage of 2.1v. Together in series, they produce 12.6v across the terminals. When we charge the battery, all we are doing is moving electrons from one side of the battery to the other with an external circuit. When the battery is charged, we will have a collection of negatively charged atoms on the negative plates, and positively charged plates on the positive plates.

[Sidebar: When an atom looses an electron, it becomes a positive ion, because the total charge balance between the protons and electrons has been skewed so that there are more protons than there are electrons. The opposite is true when an atom takes on an electron; it becomes a negative ion.]

The electrons of the negative ions are compelled to move over to fill the vacancy of the positive ions. This compulsion is our voltage. It's a potency of opposing ions in this battery.

When we complete a circuit, such as this one, we provide a path from those electrons to move and equalize the potential difference. When they recombine with the positive ions on the positive side, the battery loses voltage; the potential is reduced and the battery will be depleted. This is why your phones and your cars need to be charged regularly; to reset this potential.

What I just described is a DC, or direct-current, circuit. The electrons moved in only one direction. But we have been building AC circuits. What is an AC circuit? AC stands for alternating-current. AC will reverse the direction of electron flow periodically, and this rate of this change in flow direction is called frequency. In the US, our outlets output 60hz (hz, or Hertz, is the unit of frequency), or 60 direction changes per second. This is how we represent AC on a graph. This is the wave model. If we measure a wave like this, we can calculate its frequency by the time between the two nearest positive zero-crossings. It could be any point on the wave, in truth, so long as they are the same.

If we could see the electrons moving in the wire, we would see them move in one direction before slowing down and then moving in the other direction, like a train. [simplification, we really don't need to get into transmission line theory or wave theory].

How do we produce AC? We don't get it from a battery, but it's available at any given outlet in this room. To answer this, we will have to explore the fascinating realm of electromagnetism.

A magnet, like this one, is what we call a permanent magnet. It is iron that has been polarized through exposure to an magnetic field. If I place it on this steel frame, we see that it sticks to it when it gets close enough. This is possible because iron, cobalt, and nickel are elements that are magnetically permeable. Aluminum is not, for example, and cannot be influenced by magnetism. This property-based magnetism is what we call ferromagnetism. It's not important to know that term, though [perhaps cut this part out].

So, we can magnetize iron, but how was that accomplished? Through electromagnetism. This is a wire, just like I showed you before. When we apply a voltage across it and current flows, something else happens: a small magnetic field is generated perpendicular to the flow of the electrons in the wire. The direction of this field depends on the direction of current flow. The direction doesn't matter for this demonstration, but know that it can change.

This small field is useless to us in its current state, but if we coil the wire around in close proximity, such at this, those small fields combine to create a larger, more powerful magnetic field. What we've just created is an electromagnet. We have turned electrostatic potential energy into magnetic potential energy. This field can do many different things for us, and we will explore them in the next lecture about circuit components.

There is a reverse side of electromagnetism, though. If we pass a magnetic field, either from a permanent magnet or an electromagnet coil, over a wire, a current is induced in the wire. The passing of the magnetic field over the wire causes electrons to move in the wire. Again, in this current configuration, the effect is relatively weak. If we want to extract more current from this effect, we need to coil the wire. Now, we have more of the wire being exposed to the field at once, and this induces a stronger voltage and current in the wire [simplification].

"magnetism is seen whenever electrically charged particles are in motion—for example, from movement of electrons in an electric current, or in certain cases from the orbital motion of electrons around an atom's nucleus."

This means that electricity and magnetism are always present, together. We cannot have current flow with magnetic field generation, and vice versa. To dig any deeper into it is the realm of physics. But magnetism is not magic, it is an understood property of particles in motion.

So, stepping back, how do we get AC electricity? This is the job of powerplants. Have any of you heard the phrase "energy cannot be created nor destroyed"? Its meaning is literal. I cannot summon energy from nothing. Energy exists in many states and is always being converted between them. There is kinetic energy, which is the movement of atoms; this includes temperature--heat--and my arm moving to throw this marker.

There is gravitational potential energy (GPE), which results from the force of gravity. If I stand on a beach, I have a certain GPE. If I stand on the top of a cliff over the beach, I have more GPE than if I were down on the beach. Just like EsPE, I am the electron on the negatively charged battery plate, and the beach down below is the positive plate. The circuit is the air and all the trees and rocks I hit on the long fall down.

There is chemical potential energy (CPE), this is the energy that is stored in the bonds in, and between, elements. Calories is the unit of CPE in food, for example. It is the amount of energy stored in the food we eat.

There is elastic potential energy (ElPE), which is the energy stored in a spring or your tendons, for example, when stretched or compressed.

There is magnetic potential energy (MPE), which is the energy stored is magnetic fields.

There is electrostatic potential energy (EsPE), which we just covered.

And lastly, there is nuclear potential energy (NPE) which is the energy in the bonds between the particles in the nucleus of the atom.

All this energy potential can be used to perform work; it can be converted to kinetic energy through machinery. In Puget Sound, we get most of out energy from natural gas powerplants and hydroelectic dams. To the east, there are large wind and solar farms, and to the south, there is a single coal powerplant.

But these are just the names for the buildings. What's happening inside them that gives us this power? Let us use the hydroelectric powerplant as our first example. A dam is a structure that obstructs the flow of water in a river to create a reservoir. The reservoir water has a higher GPE than the outflowing water, and is compelled to fall to reach a lower energy state. To convert that GPE to EsPE, we need some kind of machine. This is the job of the generator and turbine. The water is piped down into a turbine, which has dozens or hundreds of blades that the falling water turns. The blades rotate a shaft, which is attached to a magnet. This magnet spins around coils of wire arranged like so. This is why you see power lines in sets of three; they are the output of a generator like this.

After the water passes through the turbine, it is then exhausted to the river below, having provided as much energy conversion as we could extract. So, we took GPE in the water, converted it to kinetic energy with the turbine, and then turned the kinetic energy to EsPE with the spinning magnet. Isn't that fascinating?

Let's look at a natural gas plant. We take methane, CPE, burn it, which converts the CPE to kinetic energy, so that it boils water to create steam. This is still kinetic energy. Latent heat. Then, we pipe that steam through a turbine to do the exact same thing as the hydropower plant: to spin a magnet over coils of wire. The coal plant works exactly the same. The high pressure generated from the boiling of water is compelled to flow to a low-pressure area; the exhaust to the outside, somewhere. And on its way, we have it spin a turbine.

In fact, a nuclear powerplant does the same thing, as well. Through fission reaction, NPE is converted to kinetic energy as heat to boil water, rinse and repeat.

Okay, let's look at solar. Solar power introduces some nuance into our energy model because sunlight is an electomagentic wave. It's a compound form of energy that is both electrostatic and magnetic. Specifically, we are harnessing the EMPE in a particle called the photon. The photon strikes the solar panel, which is made up of photovoltaic cells, and its energy is given up to the circuit inside. The insides of a solar panel are too complex for this lecture, but that photon's energy gets converted to EsPE. But unlike the turbine generators previously described, the current is DC, not AC. To turn DC to AC, we must first pass it through an inverter. Not going to describe how it works here, but know that it converts DC to AC for use on the grid.

Lastly, let us look at wind. Kinetic energy in the air as wind is used to rotate the turbine which are the windmill blades. The blades are connected to a shaft which is connected to a magnet which rotates around three packs of coiled wire (there is a gearbox in there as well, but that's not necessary to describe). Boom! Three-phase AC power from the sky.

As you can see, there are many ways to produce AC. Through other electrical infrastructure, such as transmission towers and substations, the AC power makes it wherever it is needed, including this classroom. All by harnessing energy in its various forms.

This concludes our introduction to electricity. I hope you will join me later for the introduction to schematics and circuit components; the devices that allow us to harness electricity to perform work.

Any questions?

[atplblog]

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[semcoinfratechworld]

Understanding Lithium Battery Cell OCV Testing

Lithium-ion batteries are at the heart of modern technology, powering everything from smartphones to electric vehicles. Ensuring the health and performance of these batteries is of paramount importance. One valuable tool in assessing the state of lithium battery cells is the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) test. In this article, we'll explore the principles, parameters, and precautions associated with lithium battery cell OCV testing.

I. OCV Test Principles

The OCV test is a method used to estimate the state of battery cells. It involves measuring the open circuit voltage, AC internal resistance, and housing voltage of individual battery monomers. By assessing the voltage of the battery under open circuit conditions, valuable insights into the battery's remaining capacity and overall health can be obtained.

Remaining Capacity Estimation: The core principle of the OCV test is to gauge the relationship between a battery's open circuit voltage and its remaining capacity. As a battery discharges, its open circuit voltage decreases. By measuring the voltage at different states of charge, a curve can be established, allowing for the estimation of remaining capacity.

Termination Voltage: During discharge, the open circuit voltage of a battery steadily decreases with diminishing capacity. At a certain point, often referred to as the termination voltage, the voltage drop becomes significant. This critical voltage level signifies that the battery is nearly depleted.

Calibration and Modelling: Real-world application of the OCV test typically requires calibration and modeling based on historical data and battery characteristics. This process involves measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery at various states of charge and leveraging existing models and calibration data to infer remaining capacity or health status.

II. Parameters Involved in Lithium Battery Cell OCV Testing

To gain a comprehensive understanding of lithium battery cell OCV testing, it's essential to be familiar with the key parameters involved:

Open Circuit Voltage: This is the voltage measured when the battery has no external load after resting for a specific period. It serves as a valuable indicator for estimating the battery's remaining capacity and overall health.

Cut-off Voltage: The cut-off voltage is the voltage at which a battery is considered discharged. It is a crucial parameter for determining the end of a battery's discharge cycle.

Battery Characteristic Curve: By measuring the open circuit voltage of a battery at various states of charge, a characteristic curve can be established, showing the relationship between open circuit voltage and remaining capacity.

Calibration Data: Calibration involves refining test results based on historical battery data and characteristics. Calibration enhances the accuracy and reliability of OCV tests.

Estimation Algorithm: Estimation algorithms use the open circuit voltage of the battery, combined with existing models or calibration data, to infer the remaining capacity or health status of the battery through a defined mathematical algorithm.

III. Precautions in Lithium Battery Cell OCV Testing

While the OCV test is a valuable tool, its accuracy and reliability can be influenced by various factors, including changes in battery characteristics, temperature variations, and usage conditions. Therefore, it is essential to exercise caution and consider the following precautions:

Environmental Factors: Factors such as temperature and usage conditions can significantly impact the accuracy of OCV tests. Be mindful of these variables during testing.

Comprehensive Assessment: Recognize that the OCV test is just one method of estimating a battery's state. For a comprehensive evaluation, it's often necessary to combine multiple test methods and algorithms.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) test is a vital tool for assessing the state of lithium battery cells. By measuring the voltage at different states of charge and utilizing calibration data and estimation algorithms, valuable insights into a battery's remaining capacity and health can be obtained. However, it's crucial to exercise caution and consider various factors to ensure accurate and reliable results when conducting OCV tests.

[voltageelectricalsupplies]

Amp Meter - Accurate Current Measurement for Electrical Systems

Explore this Enerdrive OLED 0-100A AC amp Meter at Voltage Electrical Supply, specifically made to measure precise current in marine, automotive as well as industrial settings. The amp meter has an easy-to-read OLED display to make reading easy even at night as well as being rated IP66 for resistance to water and dust. It is ideal for managing and monitoring electricity Our amp meter will help in ensuring that your system is running smoothly and safely. We provide express shipping services for your amp meter to ensure it is delivered quickly. Being a family-owned company situated in the southeast of Queensland and Australia, we're committed to offering high-quality products and outstanding customer service. Check out our amp meters now to get a reliable measurement of current.

[ousmpower]

How Oushangmei (OUSM) Power Adapters Meet Global Safety and Quality Standards

Oushangmei (OUSM), with over a decade of experience, stands as a trusted power adapter manufacturer dedicated to producing reliable, high-quality, and globally certified adapters. Our mission at Oushangmei Technology is to ensure every adapter not only meets but exceeds international safety standards, offering peace of mind to our clients and end-users.

1. Introduction to Oushangmei (OUSM) Power Adapters

At Oushangmei Technology Co., Ltd. (OUSM), quality isn’t just a goal—it’s our commitment. With 12 years of expertise as a power adapter manufacturer, we are a trusted supplier to industries requiring dependable, safe, and certified power supply solutions. From the beginning, we have adhered to strict guidelines, ensuring our AC adapters and power supplies meet global standards. In this article, I’ll walk you through the processes, certifications, and standards that make our products exemplary.

2. Commitment to Global Safety Standards

Navigating the array of international safety standards is challenging yet vital. These standards—covering areas such as electrical shock prevention, electromagnetic interference, and material composition—are pivotal for industries worldwide. At Oushangmei, we are unwavering in our commitment to meeting and exceeding these benchmarks, crafting power adapters that conform to regulations across Europe, North America, and Asia.

3. Quality Control in Power Adapter Manufacturing

Quality control is at the heart of our manufacturing process. Every AC adapter and power supply undergoes a meticulous multi-stage quality check. Starting from material selection and circuit design, we verify that each unit meets strict criteria for safety, stability, and durability. Our rigorous control processes allow us to guarantee reliability and peace of mind for all our partners and clients.

4. Safety Certifications and Regulatory Compliance

At Oushangmei, certification isn’t just about compliance—it’s about trust. We are proud to have earned key certifications, including CE, UL, and RoHS. These not only symbolize our adherence to stringent safety standards but also offer a level of confidence and reliability that sets us apart from other AC adapter manufacturers. These certifications help ensure our clients can rely on every adapter we produce, assured that it is safe and certified for global distribution.

5. Rigorous Testing Protocols for AC Adapters

Testing protocols at Oushangmei are rigorous. Each AC adapter undergoes assessments for voltage stability, temperature resistance, and environmental resilience. We also conduct EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) tests to prevent signal disruption. These testing measures help us maintain the highest quality in each power adapter.

6. Material Sourcing and Production Standards

At Oushangmei, we understand that quality starts with material selection. We choose only the finest components and materials to ensure every power supply we produce is robust and long-lasting. Our commitment to ethical sourcing and sustainable production is essential in today’s world, allowing us to provide reliable products that also align with eco-friendly principles.

7. Innovative Technology in Power Supply Solutions

Our research and development teams at Oushangmei are continuously exploring advancements in power supply technology. From improving energy efficiency to integrating new protective features, we’re committed to delivering adapters that not only meet current demands but are future-ready. These innovations offer enhanced performance, ensuring that our AC adapters deliver consistent power while conserving energy.

8. Customization for Industry-Specific Requirements

Different industries have unique needs, and Oushangmei provides tailored solutions. Whether it’s high-performance power adapters for medical devices or robust AC adapters for industrial machinery, we work closely with our clients to develop solutions suited to their specific requirements. This flexibility is one reason Oushangmei is a preferred power adapter supplier for businesses globally.

9. Safety Features Designed for User Protection

Our AC adapters come with built-in safety mechanisms to protect both the device and the user. Features like over-voltage protection, over-current protection, and short-circuit prevention are standard. These built-in safety elements minimize risk, ensuring that our power adapters are among the safest available on the market.

10. Environmental Responsibility and RoHS Compliance

At Oushangmei, environmental responsibility is part of our ethos. By complying with RoHS standards, we minimize the use of hazardous materials in our power adapters. This not only benefits the environment but also ensures a safer product for our clients, demonstrating our commitment to sustainable practices.

11. Why Choose Oushangmei as Your Power Adapter Supplier

Choosing Oushangmei means partnering with a power adapter manufacturer who prioritizes quality, reliability, and client satisfaction. We stand out due to our commitment to innovation, safety, and environmental responsibility, providing an edge in a competitive market. By partnering with us, you gain access to high-quality AC adapters that you can trust for your business or product line.

12. Future Outlook: Keeping Up with Evolving Standards

As standards evolve, so does Oushangmei. We stay ahead by continuously improving our manufacturing processes and adapting to new safety and quality standards. This dedication to progress ensures that we will remain at the forefront of the power adapter manufacturing industry, ready to meet the needs of a rapidly changing global market.

Conclusion

At Oushangmei Technology Co., Ltd., our dedication to safety, quality, and customer satisfaction is unwavering. From rigorous testing and adherence to global certifications to environmentally responsible practices, we strive to be the leading AC adapter supplier in the market. We understand that our clients rely on our power adapters to provide consistent, safe power solutions, and we are proud to deliver on this trust every day.

[regatronprogramable]

A Beginner’s Guide to Choosing the Right DC Power Supply

When embarking on any electronics project, one of the first decisions you'll need to make is selecting a suitable DC power supply. Whether you're building a robot, powering a microcontroller, or setting up a laboratory test bench, the power supply is critical. It ensures that your devices receive the correct voltage and current, providing reliable and efficient operation. This guide will help you understand the key factors to consider when choosing a DC power supply, the different types available, and how to avoid common mistakes.

Understanding DC Power Supply Basics:

Before we get into the specifics, let’s talk about the basics. A DC power supply is a device that converts AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current) from a wall outlet. Most electronic components and devices operate on DC power because it provides free flow of electrons, unlike direction-altering AC power This stable voltage is necessary for devices such as microcontrollers, sensors, and required LEDs constant energy to ensure efficiency.

Why choosing the right power supply is important

Choosing the right DC power supply is important for several reasons:

Device compatibility: Devices have different power requirements. Using an electrical outlet of the wrong voltage or voltage can damage, overheat, or malfunction your device.

Efficiency: A well-calibrated power supply ensures that energy is not wasted, reducing electricity consumption and reducing heat loss. Efficient power delivery is especially important for applications involving batteries or energy storage.

Safety: Power outages that do not meet your device’s requirements can pose serious safety risks, such as electrical fires, short circuits, and mechanical failure and ensuring proper documentation mitigates and provides these risks the longevity of your device is greater.

Factors to consider when choosing a DC Power Supply

1. Voltage output: To suit your device needs

The first step in choosing a power supply is to determine the power requirements of your appliance. Voltage, measured in volts (V), is the "pressure" that an electrode pushes through a circuit. Every device has a specific operating voltage, and incorrect voltage can cause errors or breakdowns.

For example:

Microcontrollers: generally operate at 3.3V or 5V.

LED strips: May require 12V or 24V depending on type.

DC motors: Can range from 6V to 24V or more depending on capacity and size.

Tip: Always refer to your device’s data sheet or user manual for its exact operating voltage. If the device specifies a voltage range (e.g., 9V to 12V), make sure your power supply provides a stable voltage in that range.

2. Current Power: For adequate voltage

Current, measured in amperes (A), indicates the amount of electricity flowing through a circuit. The current power supply must meet or exceed the requirements of your device. Here's how it works:

If your device requires 1.5A, your power supply should be at least 1.5A. Using low-voltage power supplies may cause the device to decrease in performance, overheat, or shut down.

If your power supply can deliver more power (e.g., 3A) than the device needs (e.g., 1.5A), then this is perfectly fine. The device will only draw necessary current. However, if the power supply produces less electricity than necessary, problems can arise.

Tip: For equipment such as motors or amplifiers, which may draw varying currents during operation, consider choosing a power supply with a higher current rating than the minimum to absorb surges suddenly

3. Power Rating (Wattage): To understand how much power you need

Power, measured in watts (W), is calculated as the unit of potential and electrical potential:

Power (W)=Voltage (V)×Current (A)

For example, if your device operates at 5V and draws 2A, you need a power supply capable of delivering at least:

5V×2A=10W

Having a power supply with a slightly higher wattage rating ensures efficient operation, provides headroom for sudden power demands, and prevents overloading.

Example Scenario: Let’s say you’re powering a Raspberry Pi, which typically runs on 5V and requires 2.5A. Your power requirement would be:

5V×2.5A=12.5W

You should choose a power supply that provides at least 12.5W, though a 15W power supply would be a safer choice.

Types of DC Power Supplies: Linear vs. Switching

Linear Power Supplies:

Linear power supplies are known for their convenience and reliability. They work by taking an AC input, converting it to a low AC voltage, and then correcting it to a DC output. The main benefits are:

Low Noise: Linear power supplies produce very little electrical noise, making them ideal for audio applications or sensitive analog equipment.

Reliability: A simple design with fewer components, meaning fewer parts can fail.

However, there are also some downsides:

Inefficiency: Linear supplies are inefficient because they waste excess energy as heat, which can be problematic for high power applications

Size and Weight: Compared to their Witching counterpart, these items are larger and heavier.

switching power supplies

A power switch, or SMPS, uses a high-frequency switch to convert AC to DC. They are more efficient because the power supply is adjusted to the needs of the machine. 

 The benefits include:

Efficiency: typically 80-90% efficiency, resulting in minimal energy loss and minimal heat generation.

Compact Size: They are small and lightweight, making them ideal for portable items.

Wide voltage range: Can handle a wide range of input and output voltages, providing great flexibility for different applications.

Despite those advantages, power switching can generate a lot of electrical noise, which can interfere with audio equipment or sensitive analog circuits

Choosing between the two options: For most applications, switching power supply is the best option due to its efficiency and versatility. However, if your project involves sensitive electronics where low noise is important, consider choosing a linear power supply.

DC power supply

Adjustable vs. Fixed Output Power Supplies

Adjustable Power Supplies:

The adjustable power supply allows you to set the output voltage and sometimes the current. These are ideal for prototyping and testing as they can be used in many projects with different requirements.

Versatile: Ideal for amateurs who frequently work with different devices.

Useful for testing: Helps determine exact voltage and current requirements for new applications.

static power supply

The static power supply provides a constant, predetermined voltage and current. They’re simple, often cheap, and perfect for dedicated projects that know fixed energy requirements.

Easy: Easy to install, no modifications required.

Reliability: Once installed, they provide continuous power without the need for further adjustments.

Practical tips for choosing a DC Power Supply

Check for compatibility: Make sure that the power supply matches the voltage and current requirements of your device. Double check these specifications before buying.

Choose safety features: Look for built-in protection such as overvoltage, overvoltage, and intermittent protection. These features help protect your devices and provide peace of mind.

Consider future needs: If you’re planning to expand your business by adding more resources, make sure the power supply has enough capacity to take those extra loads.

Monitor efficiency: Efficient power supplies consume less energy in heat, making them more efficient and durable.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Underrating Current Capacity: Never choose a power supply that delivers less current than required. Always check the device’s current requirements, and if in doubt, opt for a power supply with a slightly higher current rating.

Not Accounting for Efficiency: Low-efficiency power supplies can be a problem, especially in high-power applications. Pay attention to efficiency ratings, particularly when energy conservation is important.

Ignoring Noise Levels: If you’re working on a project that involves audio equipment or precision sensors, be mindful of the electrical noise generated by your power supply. Choose a linear power supply or a filtered switching power supply if noise is a concern.

Recommended DC Power Supplies for Beginners

Benchtop Adjustable Power Supplies : These are ideal for prototyping. They provide flexibility and can be used in many industries. Brands like TechPower and Corad are popular with amateurs.

Wall adapter power supplies: Often called "wall warts," these are simple, plug-in solutions for single-purpose applications. Look for adapters that match the voltage and current requirements of your device.

USB Power Supplies : Many small applications, especially those that connect Arduino and Raspberry Pi, can be powered via USB. These are easy and ubiquitous. Be sure to choose the correct power supply (e.g., 5V, 2.5A for the Raspberry Pi).

Conclusion:

Choosing the right DC power supply for your project doesn’t have to be intimidating. By understanding your device's power needs, learning about different power supplies, and considering factors such as performance, safety, and flexibility, you can confidently choose the best power supplies for your needs various types.

Feel free to share your questions, tips, or experiences in the comments below!

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Tips to Protect Your Appliances Against Power Surges

ServicePlus: - Power surges are a prevalent cause of electrical-related device damage. If there’s a power surge, any connected device is at risk of damage regardless of its size. It’s always advisable to take a professional electrical service to implement a measure that protects the home appliances from power surges.

What is a power surge?

A power surge is an unexpected and temporary increase in the current or voltage of an electrical circuit that damages connected sensitive devices. When a device stops using power suddenly, there will be an increase in voltage which may be directed to another appliance and cause severe damage.

How to prevent power surges?

Flickering lights are an indication of power surges and in that case, you can cut off the outlets to protect your appliances from damage. However, this doesn’t fully protect your appliances. Why? The reason is simple- the damage may not happen because of one strong surge, instead, the damage can happen because of multiple minor surges.

To avoid power surges, you should not only take reactive measures, but you should also take help from a professional electrical design service.

Install a whole-house surge protector:

Companies that offer electrical design services often install a protector at the primary breaker. It works as a gateway for current coming into your appliances.

If there’s a sudden surge, the protector immediately shuts off the power and redirects the excess current to the underground wire.

Have additional protection from specific devices:

Even with a whole-house protector, it’s important to have added protection for delicate devices like refrigerators, computers, etc. Here are the types of protection that you can have-

Have surge stations for cable lines and phones

Use UPS to protect computers

Install power strips

Upgrade air conditioning unit:

AC units tend to restart several times a day and when it continues, the current in the building increases and thus causing power surges. Fortunately, new AC models are energy-efficient and take less current to restart, reducing the chance of power surges.

Unplug electronic appliances during the storm:

Lighting strikes are a crucial cause of power surges. If there’s a storm, unplug all the devices immediately until the storm settles down.

So, now you might have realized that power surges are unpredictable and can cause damage to your critical home appliances. Hence, you should cover all the essential appliances of your home and AC unit under a comprehensive home warranty plan.

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GF302 MULTIFUNCTION THREE PHASE PORTABLE POWER & ENERGY CALIBRATOR

GF302 portable power& energy calibrator is suitable for power plant and power grid companies for the following function: measuring and testing department and instrumentation classes, national levels measuring and testing institutions, railway, petroleum, chemical industry and other large industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research units, etc. The core technology function with digital signal processor (DSP) and 16 high-speed digital converters composed of high precision work frequency communication terminal. The signal source is DSP and 16 high-speed digital-to-analog converters, it can control the sine wave and distortion wave signal source. It can be used as a concentration electrical laboratory.

APPLICATION ■ Power plant; ■ Universities; ■ Research institutes; ■ Electrical testing center; ■ Panel meter manufacturers; ■ Transducer manufacturers; ■ Pointer meter manufacturers; ■ Digital meter manufacturers; ■ Power meter manufacturers; ■ Railway electrical department; ■ ISO17025 Electrical laboratory; ■ Power engineering commissioning company; ■ Electricity power bureau & power company; ■ Electrical Department of industrial and mining enterprises;

FUNCTIONS & FEATURES ■ 6.4 inch big screen color display and English interface; ■ Testing AC sample device, RTU & measurement device error; ■ With USB port, it can connect computer for data management or controlled by PC ■ For the software calibration, you don't need to open the case, it's stable and reliable; ■ With automatic failure detection function, shows fault part, the convenience users check line; ■ Test single-phase, three-phase electronic, mechanical watt-hour meter or energy meter/ kWh meter error; ■ As one voltage source, current source and power source with high precision and high stability standard resource; ■ Voltage output terminal with short circuit, current output terminal open protection and power amplifier overheating protection function; ■ The built-in electric measurement transducer, electric measurement instrument and meter instructions of verification program, fully automatic or semi-automatic for verification, and save 10000 group test data; ■ Check all kinds of electric measurement indicating meter, including AC/DC voltmeter, AC/DC ammeter, frequency meter, phase angle meter, single & three-phase ac active power meter, three-phase ac reactive power meter & synchronous meter etc; ■ All kinds of electric measurement transducer can be tested, including AC/DC voltage transducer, AC/DC current transducer, frequency transducer, phase transducer, single/ three-phase AC active power transducer, three-phase reactive power transducers;