#710 bce

[artschoolglasses]

Cup, Greek, Geometric Period, 735-710 BCE

From the Acropolis Museum

[chinesehanfu]

[Hanfu · 漢服]The relationship between women in history is not just love rivals,

“but also thousands of years later, everyone knows that it is me and you.”

Let's get to know about them/她们 in China history.

1.【Han Dynasty】:Princess Jieyou (解忧公主) & Feng Liao (馮嫽)

Princess Jieyou (Chinese: 解忧公主; 121 BC – 49 BC), born Liu Jieyou (Chinese: 刘解忧), was a Chinese princess sent to marry the leader of the Wusun kingdom as part of the Western Han Chinese policy of heqin(和亲).

As the granddaughter of the disgraced Prince Liu Wu (劉戊) who had taken part in the disastrous Rebellion of the Seven States,her status was low enough that she was sent to replace Princess Liu Xijun (劉細君) after her untimely death and marry the Wusun king Cunzhou (岑陬).

Jieyou lived among the Wusun for fifty years and did much work to foster relations between the surrounding kingdoms and the Han. She was particularly reliant upon her attendant, Feng Liao, whom she dispatched as an emissary to Wusun kingdoms and even to the Han Court. She faced opposition from pro-Xiongnu members of the Wusun royalty, particularly Wengguimi’s Xiongnu wife. When word came that the Xiongnu planned to attack Wusun, she convinced her husband to send for aid from the Han Emperor. Emperor Wu of Han sent 150,000 cavalrymen to support the Wusun forces and drive back the Xiongnu.

In 51 BCE at the age of 70, Jieyou asked to be allowed to retire and return to the Han. Emperor Xuan of Han agreed and had her escorted back to Chang'an where she was welcomed with honor. She was given a grand palace with servants usually reserved for princesses of the imperial family. In 49 BCE, Jieyou died peacefully.

Feng Liao (馮嫽)

Feng Liao (馮嫽) was China's first official female diplomat,[citation needed] who represented the Han dynasty to Wusun (烏孫), which was in the Western Regions. It was a practice for the Imperial Court to foster alliances with the northern tribes via marriage, and two Han princesses had married Wusun kings.

Feng Liao was the maidservant of Princess Jieyou (解憂公主), who was married off to a Wusun king. Feng herself later married an influential Wusun general, whose good standing with Prince Wujiutu (烏就屠) of the kingdom later proved beneficial to the Han dynasty.

When Prince Wujiutu seized the throne of Wusun in 64 BC, after his father died, there was fear in the Imperial Court of Han that Wujiutu, whose mother was Xiongnu, would allow Wusun to become Xiongnu's vassal.

Zheng Ji, Governor of the Western Regions, recalled that Feng Liao had married into Wusun and with her familiarity of the Wusun customs, she was a prime candidate to persuade Wujiutu to ally his kingdom with Han. Wujiutu acceded and Emperor Xuan of Han (漢宣帝) sent for Feng. He praised her for her judgement and diplomacy, and appointed her as the official envoy to Wusun.

Wujiutu was conferred the title "Little King of Wusun" while his brother, the son by a Han princess, was named "Great King of Wusun". Wusun was divided between the two kings and tensions in that region were eased.

※Xiongnu: Xiongnu: A nomadic tribe that has occupied northern China for a long time. Later it gradually became a state. It harassed the borders of the Han Dynasty for a long time and robbed supplies.

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With their efforts, the Wusun Kingdom gradually tended to support the Han Dynasty, and the Xiongnu's defeat in China also began.

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2.【Tang Dynasty】:Shangguan Wan'er(上官婉儿)&Princess Taiping (太平公主)

Shangguan Wan'er/上官婉儿 (664 – 21 July 710) was a Chinese politician, poet, and imperial consort of the Wu Zhou and Tang dynasties. Described as a "female prime minister,"Shangguan rose from modest origins as a palace servant to become secretary and leading advisor to Empress Wu Zetian of Zhou. Under Empress Wu, Shangguan exercised responsibility for drafting imperial edicts and earned approbation for her writing style. She retained her influence as consort to Wu's son and successor, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, holding the imperial consort rank of Zhaorong (昭容). Shangguan was also highly esteemed for her talent as a poet.Shangguan was also highly esteemed for her talent as a poet. In 710, after Emperor Zhongzong's death, Shangguan was killed during a palace coup that ended the regency of Empress Dowager Wei.

Princess Taiping (太平公主)lit. "Princess of Great Peace", personal name unknown, possibly Li Lingyue (李令月) (after 662 – 2 August 713) was a royal princess and prominent political figure of the Tang dynasty and her mother Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty. She was the youngest daughter of Wu Zetian and Emperor Gaozong and was influential during the reigns of her mother and her elder brothers Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong (both of whom reigned twice), particularly during Emperor Ruizong's second reign, when for three years until her death, she was the real power behind the throne.

She is the most famous and influential princess of the Tang dynasty and possibly in the whole history of China thanks to her power, ability and ambition. She was involved in political difficulties and developments during the reigns of her mother and brothers. Indeed, after the coup against Empress Dowager Wei, she became the real ruler of Tang. During the reign of Emperor Ruizong, she was not restricted by anything, the emperor issued rulings based on her views and the courtiers and the military flattered her and majority from every civil and military class joined her faction, so her power exceeded that of the emperor.

Eventually, however, a rivalry developed between her and her nephew, Emperor Ruizong's son, Crown Prince Li Longji. Both of them were hostile in power-sharing and they fought for the monopoly over power. After Emperor Ruizong yielded the throne to Li Longji (as Emperor Xuanzong) in 712, the conflict came to the political forefront, and openly, the court became a manifestation of conspiracy rather than the administration of the empire; in 713, Emperor Xuanzong, according to historical records, believing that she was planning to overthrow him, acted first, executing a large number of her powerful allies and forcing her to commit suicide.

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The relationship between Shangguan Wan'er and Princess Taiping has always been written as "enemies" in official history, but with the phrase "千年万岁，椒花颂声", their friendship that has been buried for thousands of years was revealed.

The"千年万岁，椒花颂声" sentence comes from the epitaph written by Princess Taiping for Shangguan Wan'er. The original text is: "潇湘水断，宛委山倾，珠沉圆折，玉碎连城。甫瞻松槚，静听坟茔，千年万岁，椒花颂声”

Translation: Now that you are far away, the sky and the earth will lose their color. I'm afraid that all I can do in the future is to sit and look at the tea tree in front of your tomb. Maybe I can hear your voice again when I stand within an inch of the tomb. But this is a delusion after all, a quiet tomb, no beautiful face, a empty place of death. I hope that in a thousand or ten thousand years, there will still be people like me who remember you.

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3.【Late Qing Dynasty】:Lü Bicheng(呂碧城) & Qiu Jin (秋瑾)

Lü Bicheng(呂碧城)also known as Alice Pichen Lee(1883–1943) was a Chinese writer, activist, newspaper editor, poet and school founder. She has been mentioned as one of the top four women in literature from the early Republic of China.

When she was four, her father retired to Lu'an, Anhui. She lived a life of comfort until the age of 12, when her father died in 1895. Because Lü Fengqi had no male heir, relatives of the Lü lineage contested for his inheritance, and Yan Shiyu and her four daughters were forced to move to Lai'an County to live with her natal family. When she was nine, Lü Bicheng was betrothed to a Wang family, but as her own family fortune declined, the Wang family broke off the marriage contract, giving the young Bicheng the stigma of a "rejected woman". The resulting emotional scar is often considered a major factor in her later decision to never marry.[8] Her widowed mother and the Lü girls were not well treated at the Yan family in rural Anhui. When Lü was 15 or 16, Yan Shiyu sent her to live with her maternal uncle Yan Langxuan (嚴朗軒), who was the salt administrator in Tanggu, the port city outside the northern metropolis of Tianjin. Her sister Huiru also joined her later.

During her stay in Tanggu, Qing China went through the tumultuous period of the failed Hundred Days' Reform of 1898, which brought about increasing awareness of women's education, and the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. In 1904, Mrs. Fang, the wife of her uncle's secretary, invited Lü Bicheng to visit a girls' school in Tianjin, but her uncle prevented her from going and severely reprimanded her. The next day, she ran away from her uncle's home, and took the train to Tianjin with no money or luggage. She wrote a letter to Mrs. Fang, who was staying at the dormitory of the Ta Kung Pao newspaper. Ying Lianzhi, the Catholic Manchu nobleman who founded the newspaper, read the letter and was so impressed by it that he made her an assistant editor. Lü Bicheng wrote a "progressive" ci that she had previously written, set to "A River Full of Red" ("Manjianghong") usually used to express heroic emotions. Ying transcribed the whole song in her diary and published it in L'impartial two days later. At the time, it was sensational for a woman to write for an influential national newspaper such as Ta Kung Pao. She was 21 years old. She used Ta Kung Pao to promote feminism and became a well-known figure.

Lü's ci poetry was published in the newspaper and it was very well received. She was the chief editor of the newspaper from 1904 to 1908. In 1904 she decided to improve education for girls. She had published her thoughts on women's rights and the general editor of the newspaper introduced her to Yan Fu who was an advocate for Western ideas. The Beiyang Women's Normal School was established that same year. At 23 Lü took on the job of principal of the school she had founded two years before. At first this school found it difficult to find girls who qualified for secondary education and students were brought in from Shanghai to make up the numbers.

Lü knew the revolutionary Qiu Jin and they had similar objectives but Lü did not join her in Japan when she was invited as she was unsure whether women should meddle in politics. She was then chosen to be secretary to Yuan Shikai, one of the most powerful people in China. When he set out to declare himself emperor of China she left, like many of his followers, and abandoned him.

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Qiu Jin (秋瑾)8 November 1875 – 15 July 1907,was a Chinese revolutionary, feminist, and writer.Her sobriquet name is Jianhu Nüxia (Chinese: 鑑湖女俠 lit. 'Woman Knight of Mirror Lake').

Qiu was born into a wealthy family. Her grandfather worked in the Xiamen city government and was responsible for the city's defense. Zhejiang province was famous for female education, and Qiu Jin had support from her family when she was young to pursue her educational interests. Her father, Qiu Shounan, was a government official and her mother came from a distinguished literati-official family. Qiu Jin's wealthy and educated background, along with her early exposure to political ideologies were key factors in her transformation to becoming a female pioneer for the woman's liberation movement and the republican revolution in China.

In the early 1900s, Japan had started to experience western influences earlier than China. As to not fall behind, the Qing government sent many elites to learn from the Japanese. Qiu Jin was one of these elites that got the chance to study overseas. After studying in a women's school in Japan, Qiu returned to China to participate in a variety of revolutionary activities; and through her involvement with these activities, it became clear how Qiu wanted others to perceive her. Qiu called herself 'Female Knight-Errant of Jian Lake' — the role of the knight-errant, established in the Han dynasty, was a prototypically male figure known for swordsmanship, bravery, faithfulness, and self-sacrifice — and 'Vying for Heroism'

Qiu Jin had her feet bound and began writing poetry at an early age. With the support from her family, Qiu Jin also learned how to ride a horse, use a sword, and drink wine—activities that usually only men were permitted to learn at the time.In 1896 Qiu Jin got married. At the time she was only 21, which was considered late for a woman of that time. Qiu Jin's father arranged her marriage to Wang Tingchun, the youngest son of a wealthy merchant in Hunan province. Qiu Jin did not get along well with her husband, as her husband only cared about enjoying himself.While in an unhappy marriage, Qiu came into contact with new ideas. The failure of her marriage affected her decisions later on, including choosing to study in Japan.

While still in Tokyo, Qiu single-handedly edited a journal, Vernacular Journal (Baihua Bao). A number of issues were published using vernacular Chinese as a medium of revolutionary propaganda. In one issue, Qiu wrote A Respectful Proclamation to China's 200 Million Women Comrades, a manifesto within which she lamented the problems caused by bound feet and oppressive marriages. Having suffered from both ordeals herself, Qiu explained her experience in the manifesto and received an overwhelmingly sympathetic response from her readers. Also outlined in the manifesto was Qiu's belief that a better future for women lay under a Western-type government instead of the Qing government that was in power at the time. She joined forces with her cousin Xu Xilin and together they worked to unite many secret revolutionary societies to work together for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty.

Between 1905 and 1907, Qiu Jin was also writing a novel called Stones of the Jingwei Bird in traditional ballad form, a type of literature often composed by women for women audiences. The novel describes the relationship between five wealthy women who decide to flee their families and the arranged marriages awaiting them in order to study and join revolutionary activities in Tokyo. Titles for the later uncompleted chapters suggest that the women will go on to talk about “education, manufacturing, military activities, speechmaking, and direct political action, eventually overthrowing the Qing dynasty and establishing a republic” — all of which were subject matters that Qiu either participated in or advocated for.

Life after returning to China

Qiu Jin was known as an eloquent orator who spoke out for women's rights, such as the freedom to marry, freedom of education, and abolishment of the practice of foot binding. In 1906 she founded China Women's News (Zhongguo nü bao), a radical women's journal with another female poet, Xu Zihua in Shanghai. They published only two issues before it was closed by the authorities. In 1907, she became head of the Datong school in Shaoxing, ostensibly a school for sport teachers, but really intended for the military training of revolutionaries[citation needed]. While teaching in Datong school, she kept secret connection with local underground organization—The Restoration Society. This organization aimed to overthrow the Manchu government and restore Chinese rule.

Death

In 1907, Xu Xilin, Qiu’s friend and the Datong school’s co-founder was executed for attempting to assassinate his Manchu superior. In the same year, the authorities arrested Qiu at the school for girls where she was the principal. She was tortured but refused to admit her involvement in the plot. Instead the authorities used her own writings as incrimination against her and, a few days later, she was publicly beheaded in her home village, Shanyin, at the age of 31. Her last written words, her death poem, uses the literal meaning of her name, Autumn Gem, to lament of the failed revolution that she would never see take place:

秋風秋雨愁煞人 (Autumn wind, autumn rain — they make one die of sorrow)

After Qiu Jin was killed, no one dared to collect her body. Lu Bicheng endured her grief and took great risks to bury her friend. The guarding Qing army learned that the woman who came to collect the corpse was Lu Bicheng, who was famous in China, and they had no choice but to do anything.

Qiu Jin's death caused Lu Bicheng to lose a rare confidant in life. She wrote many poems in memory of Qiu Jin, recalling this like-minded friend.

Later, Lü Bicheng wrote "The Biography of the Revolutionary Heroine Qiu Jin" in English, which was published in newspapers in New York, Chicago and other places in the United States. It caused a great response and not only made many people in the world know about Qiu Jin's legendary story, but also published it in newspapers in New York and Chicago. It also makes people understand the darkness and corrupt social status quo of the Qing Dynasty. Lu Bicheng used a pen of her own to record her friendship with Qiu Jin, and also fulfilled her promise to Qiu Jin to respond with the "battle of words"

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📸Video & 🧚🏻‍ Model：@荷里寒 & @阿时Ashi_

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[itsmarjudgelove]

13 Lesser-Known Historical Facts about Japan:

1. The Jomon period, beginning around 14,000 BCE, is known for its pottery, among the oldest in the world.

2. The Heian period (794-1185) was a golden age of art, poetry, and literature in Japan.

3. Samurai, the warrior class, played a crucial role in Japanese history from the 12th to the 19th century.

4. The Kamakura period saw the rise of the shogunate, a military government, starting in 1192.

5. Japan was largely isolated from the rest of the world during the Edo period (1603-1868), known as Sakoku.

6. The Meiji Restoration in 1868 marked the end of feudal Japan and the beginning of modernization and industrialization.

7. Japan was the first Asian country to defeat a European power, Russia, in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905).

8. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the only cities ever to be targeted with atomic bombs, in August 1945.

9. The island of Okinawa was an independent kingdom known as the Ryukyu Kingdom before its annexation by Japan in 1879.

10. Zen Buddhism, introduced in the 12th century, has had a profound influence on Japanese culture and aesthetics.

11. The Tale of Genji, written by Murasaki Shikibu in the early 11th century, is considered the world's first novel.

12. Nara, Japan’s first permanent capital, was established in 710 and is famous for its large Buddhist temples.

13. The Great Wave off Kanagawa, a woodblock print by Hokusai, is one of the most famous works of Japanese art.

[mythicalwomansblog]

Religious Imageries in JJK: The Conflicting Views of Shinto and Buddhism.

Disclaimer: This is not an explanation post, this is an observer post. I will try to sum up what I have observed so far.

Let's begin with the definition and history of both Shinto and Buddhism.

Shinto [神道]: Combined with the kanji of God/Kami (神) and Road /Michi(道), Shinto literally means The way of the God(s). It is the indigenous religion of Japan and is as old as Japan itself.

Shinto belief is polytheist and animistic as it has almost 8 million gods that are derived from nature and natural things. This religion revolves around "Kami". Kami can be manifested from anything, but the most important Kami are the natural ones.

Sun, Rain, Earth etc. The most important central Kami is Amaterasu the Kami of the Sun. The exact history of Shinto is untraceable but it was mentioned in the Yayoi Period (300 BCE to 300 CE) of text.

Shinto describes the world as a inhabitant of the human and the kami they worship. It describes the world as founded by the kami and once humans/ living beings pass away they become kami as well.

It is safe to say that Shinto belief described humanity as living being as a whole, where even after death they don't living. The idea of morality or immorality is also absent from it. The existence of Kami is the manifestation of humanity itself and not separated from human beings.

Fun Fact: Chinese indigenous religion 'Dao' has the same characters as Shinto's kanji. So it might be possible that Shinto actually comes from Chinese Daoism.

Buddhism: Buddhism is an Indian religion. It revolves around the teaching of Buddha. Buddha is no myth. Even though convoluted, early texts gives his name as "Gautama" and he lived around 5th to 6th Century BCE.

In India his name is mostly known as "Siddharth". He was born in Lumbini in present day Nepal and grew up in Kapilavastu. The border of India and Nepal, a town of the Ganges plain of present day Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

The most notable person who helped spread Buddhism around India so much that it was spread in the NEA and SEA is Emperor Asoka (304-232 BCE) from the Maurya Empire (322-180 BCE).

Buddhism circles around the suffering of human, the circle of life and Karma (deed). Where a soul is constant as it is being born in this world as human, it goes through the cycle of life (suffering) and it dies.

It also talks about Dharma as the ultimate truths, also that humans are born to fulfill a certain role. Moksha: The liberation from the earthly desire which should be the ultimate goal of a human being.

It also draws the line between God and humans as Gods are separated from the earthly matters and pushes the idea of Gods creating the universe and the creating the humanity.

The Mix of both Religion:

Though the idea of Shinto and Buddhism is pretty contradicting it existed with each other for centuries.

Even though Buddhism entered in japan in Yayoi Period (250-538 AD), it became popular in Asuka Period (538-710) due to buddhist sect taking the rein of the country. Initially Buddhism and Shinto coexisted and even mixed with each other. It was called Shinbutsu-Shougou. However, later it was forcefully separated by Japanese nationalists in Meiji Era (1868-1912) and Shinto became the state religion of Japan with the Emperor being worshipped as Kami the descendants of Amaterasu.

Cursed Spirit: The reason I am writing this is not because the obvious depiction of buddha, Buddhist shrines and mention of clans and sects etc. What caught my interest was that the idea of "Cursed Spirit".

The textbook explanation of Cursed Spirit is that the reaction of human emotions but as we see it is actually the manifestation of human existence. As long as humans will exist, curses will also exist.

Which pretty much resembles the idea of Kami.

The timeline: The golden era of jujutsu was Heian Era which historically existed between 794-1185 AD. Almost a century after Buddhism was introduced in Japan. Also in that era Sukuna rose up as the king of curses. Which may indicate the clans existed even before and Sukuna existed throughout.

Characters like Kenjaku and Tengen their birth and living timeline are unknown but they might just as be as old as Japan, like Shinto.

Getou and Megumi are the only two people who can control curses as Shikigami. Which is another japanese Shinto belief that has also been associated with "Curses" during Heian Era.

The people who used to control Shikigami were called Onmyoji (Yin-Yang Master).

Both of them were either antagonised or villfied by the jujutsu society at one point.

Also the most important part that made me think about this is...Sukuna's domain.

This resembles an average Shinto shrine...

The Tori is missing.

Insanity.

Anyways. I am not saying that Gege is making one religion look bad and another look good. It's not true and actually far from it. Though contradiction, Gege shows the good and bad of both sides. Kenjaku is bad and the higher ups are as worse as him.

Personally I think this is a battle of belief of the world with a main character emerges with no beliefs at all. Itadori Yuuji hates Sukuna but not by the virtue of being Gojo's student but his own opinion about him. In the latest chapter he says "Human beings are not a tool, so nobody's existence is premediated." Which contradicts the idea of "Dharma".

The message might be "If you want to change the world, you have to diverge from the existing path and forge your own."

[s-siduri]

"This tablet lists the plants in the garden of King Marduk-apla-iddina, the Biblical Merodach-Baladan, including onions, garlic, leeks, lettuce, cucumbers, and turnips, as well as mint, cress, thyme, and coriander. The plant called 'slave girl-buttock' remains unidentified. From Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq. Reign of Marduk-apla-iddina, 721-710 BCE and 703 BCE. (The British Museum, London)"

— Osama Shukir Mohammed Amin, World History Encyclopedia

[aboutanancientenquiry]

The Shabaka Stone ("Memphite Theology")

The Shabaka or Shabako Stone (ca 710 BCE, currently in the British Museum, Museum number EA498)

According to the description of the British Museum:

Conglomerate stela, rectangular, subsequently re-used as a nether millstone: two horizontal registers of hieroglyphs records the names of Shabako and the 'perhaps ancient fiction' of his attempt to preserve an ancient text from further deterioration or destruction; below these are sixty vertical registers of hieroglyphs, some substantially damaged by the action of grinding flour, which record the 'Memphite Theology' or creation myth, a text perhaps originally composed during the New Kingdom, in which Ptah is responsible for the creation of all things by means of the spoken word.

Dimensions

Height: 95 centimetres (max) 

 Weight: 585 kilograms

Width: 137 centimetres (max)

Depth: 20.50 centimetres

[barbucomedie]

Wall Panel of the Assyrian Empire from Khorsabad, Iraq dated between 710-705 BCE on display at the CaixaForum in Madrid, Spain

This panel shows parade horses an important status symbol in the Assyrian Empire. Here a fine Assyrian cavalry horse is shown wearing a bridle, tassels and a head crest for a military parade. The bridle and ornaments were originally painted in vibrant shades of red and blue.

Photographs taken by myself 2019

[mnbrowshop]

Licensed Cosmetologist Requirement in Minnesota: Esthetician, Nail Tech, Lash Tech, Cosmetologist

Cosmetology is changing in Minnesota. New laws require cosmetologists to undergo ongoing education and new examination centers for initial operators. The state is also fining salon managers and operators for not displaying their licenses, having expired licenses, and other violations. Duluth and Minnesota have the most cosmetologist positions per capita, according to the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development. These two cities also provide cosmetologists with the highest salaries and most positions in the state. The Minnesota Board of Cosmetologist Examiners licenses cosmetologists. However, you must first finish hair, skin, makeup, and nail care instruction. Licensed salon managers, beauty school managers, and instructors are also available.

Step 1. Minnesota Cosmetology School

Minnesota cosmetologists must have a high school certificate or GED and 1550 hours of instruction from a board-approved school (BCE). These Minnesota cities have approved programs: Hibbing \sBloomington Park Rapids Brainerd Rochester \sCloud Plymouth Blaine \sAlexandria St. Louis Park Some Minnesota BCE-approved cosmetology schools demand an admissions interview and entrance exam. Coursework includes classroom and client work. Classes include:

Shampooing

Cosmetology history

Hair and scalp care

Hair styling

Professionalism

Hair dyeing

Hair dyes

Infection control

Hairdressing

A&P

Cosmetics

Chemistry \sManicures

Salons

Minnesota statutes

Step 2. Pass Minnesota Cosmetologist Exams

After completing Minnesota cosmetology school, you can take the exams. The written Minnesota Cosmetology Exam (MCE) has two parts: General and State. For the exam and license, you must pass both portions. The General and State exams cost $60. The three-hour General MCE has 155 multiple-choice questions. The State MCE has 35 multiple-choice questions and an hour to finish.  For exam bookings, call Pearson Vue at (877) 538-3417 or visit www.pearsonvue.com/mn/cosmetology.

Step 3. Get Minnesota Cosmetologist Licensure

After passing both MCE courses, you can apply for a Minnesota cosmetologist Initial Operator license. Application for Initial Operator License. The Board of Cosmetologist Examiners requires a check or money order for the $139 application, licensing, and surcharge fees. The following documents must accompany your application:

High school, GED, or transcript copy

Original BCE-approved cosmetology school skills/readiness certificate Original 1550-hour course completion certificate

You passed the MCE General section less than a year ago.

You passed the State MCE less than a year ago.

Before sending your application and paperwork to the BCE, make a copy for your records. After this, send everything the Board of Cosmetologist Examiners, 2829 University Ave SE, Suite 710, Minneapolis, MN 55414.

Step 4. Continuing Education for Minnesota Cosmetologists

Congratulations! Minnesota licensed cosmetologist! Know license maintenance rules. Your cosmetology license renews every three years. Since August 1, 2014, you must complete four hours of BCE-approved CE every three years to keep your license. Three CE hours must be in health, safety, and sanitation, and one in Minnesota laws and rules. Approved continuing education providers are here. Minnesota localities offer cosmetology continuing education:

Minneapolis

Worthington \sBrainerd

Duluth

Shakopee \sRichfield

Mankato \sWinona

Lakeville

Pipestone

Jackson

Bloomington \sCloud

Thief Falls

Bemidji

The BCE randomly audits renewals, so keep your continuing education records. Renew your license 10 weeks before expiration. The Operator or Salon Manager Renewal Application allows online or mail-in license renewal. Operator renewal costs $81. MN salons Cosmetology licenses open doors across the state. Spas, salons, nursing homes, sporting clubs, resorts, organizations, and more may offer jobs. Minnesota cosmetologists can open their own salons. 

We Offer Online On-site Courses Such as:

Online Eyelash Extension Training LeveL 1

This course is designed for licensed Cosmetologists or Estheticians who want to increase their knowledge of eyelash extensions. It is a step-by-step online lesson that will teach you the foundations of applying eyelashes.

Ultimate Brow Lamination, Lash Lift, and Lash and Brow Tint Training

Take part in the ultimate intensive study session! Learn how to perform a variety of services that you may instantly utilize in your organization. Beautiful Brows and Lashes, the world's #1 Lash Lifting Company, is only providing their official Dual Brow Lamination & Lash Lifting and Tinting Certificate Course at MN Brow Lash Medspa Academy!

Skin 101 Online and In-Person

This essential course will prepare you for a career as a full-service Skin Care Therapist. You were an excellent esthetics student, studying everything you could about the skin, cosmetics, waxing, and so on. But what about the basics of the spa industry? This session will cover the fundamentals of business, assist you in determining whether ownership is right for you, and provide you with a startup action plan to become a "spa-preneur." Earn your credentials in person with personalized attention and ongoing online assistance from St. Louis Park’s only Official Trainer of Beautiful Brows and Lashes.

Online CORE Practitioner Training for 4 Hours

This is a Continuing Education Course recognized by the BCE. CORE class will earn you 4 hours of continuing education credit. These credits can be used to renew Minnesota licenses. Cosmetologist, Esthetician, Lash Technician, and Nail Technician licenses are required.

Eyebrow Lamination Training Course with Hands-On Experience

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[cursedvibes]

Jujutsu Kaisen Timeline

Late Yayoi Period (~300 BCE – 300 CE):

Dhruv Lakdawalla achieved control of the archipelago (parts of what is called "Japan" today) during the Civil War of Wa (ended 180 CE) → at some later point he made a binding vow with Kenjaku

Nara Period (710-794):

Tengen appears, teaches about Buddhism and the moral foundation of Jujutsu

Tengen creates barriers in and around Japan

Time Vessel Association is founded

Heian Period (794-1185):

Sugawara no Michizane: one of the 3 vengeful spirits, his decedents form the Gojo Clan

Remnants of the Sugawara Clan formed the Black Laquer (Desshi) Pacification Squad

Onmyouji: the Kamo Clan inherited his lineage

Zenin Clan formed out of different sorcerers with powerful techniques

Sukuna, Uraume, Angel, Yorozu and Uro Takako are born

Kenjaku is active (might be older/born in Nara times?)

Sukuna is named Ryomen Sukuna after the mythological figure and becomes known as the King of Curses

Uro becomes the captain of the Sun, Moon and Stars Assassin Squad that serves under the Fujiwara Clan; she is later used as a scapegoat and executed to further a political plot

Yorozu defeats the Five Void Generals and employed by the Fujiwara Clan; Sukuna later kills the generals

Angel is one of the elite fighters of the Abe Clan

~1000: Kenjaku tries to prevent Tengen's merge with Star Plasma Vessel, but is stopped by a Six-Eyes User twice

Kenjaku makes binding vows with sorcerers like Uraume, Angel & Uro

Sukuna dies, is mummified by Tengen, made into a cursed object by Kenjaku, his fingers are sealed and scattered

Late Muromachi period - Momoyama period/ 1500s:

Kenjaku kills Six-Eyes Bearer & Star Plasma Vessel as infants, tries to prevent merge with Tengen & force evolution, but fails and begins searching for the Prison Realm

Keicho Era (1596-1615) - Early Edo Period (1603-1868):

Heads of Gojo (Six Eyes) & Zenin Clan (Ten Shadows Technique) kill each other, worsening the feud between the families

Kenjaku makes a binding vow with Kashimo Hajime & Ishigoori Ryuu

Early Meiji Era (1868-1912):

Young woman with the unique genetic trait of being able to get pregnant by a curse is born

1870s:

Kenjaku takes over Kamo Noritoshi, the head/heir of the Kamo Clan

Kenjaku creates the Death Paintings

1970s:

Zenin Toji is born

1980s:

December 7th, 1989: Gojo Satoru is born with Six Eyes & Limitless → Curses become stronger, Curse users calm down

February 3rd, 1990: Geto Suguru is born

1992:

Star Plasma Vessel Amanai Riko is born

Early 2000s:

2001-2002(?): Kenjaku meets & marries Itadori Jin

March 7th, 2001: Okkotsu Yuuta is born

December 22nd, 2002: Fushiguro Megumi is born

March 20th, 2003: Itadori Yuji is born

Yuji is left without parents, grows up with Grandfather

2006:

Toji marries Ms. Fushiguro

Toji sells Megumi to the Zenin

Amanai is supposed to become the next Star Plasma Vessel, but gets killed by Toji (employed by Time Vessel Association)

Fushiguro Toji dies

Tengen is unable to possess a new vessel

September+ 2007:

Geto kills XX village & his parents, becomes a curse user + is supposed to be executed on sight

Geto gets invited by Kong Si-woo to the TVA, kills the representative and starts his own cult

Gojo takes Fushiguro Megumi & Tsumiki in/financially supports them

2010s:

Uraume appears

Mahito, Jogo, Hanami & Dagon are formed

2010:

Orimoto Rika dies in an accident and becomes a special grade curse

2012:

Kenjaku finds the Prison Realm

November 2016:

Okkotsu Yuuta joins Jujutsu High and is classified as Special Grade Sorcerer

2017:

Kenjaku marks Fushiguro Tsumiki (fell into a coma in March) et al to awaken their cursed techniques or turn them into vessels with Idle Transfiguration

December 24th:

Geto unleashes the Hundred Demons Night Parade and gets killed by Gojo

Kenjaku takes over Geto's body (here or the following days)

2018:

Kenjaku places cursed objects like Kashimo Hajime & Angel inside people and marks them for Idle Transfiguration

February +:

Kenjaku starts telling international governments the truth about cursed energy and sorcerers

June:

Itadori swallows one of Sukuna's fingers, execution is put on hold, when he joins Jujutsu High

August - October:

Kenjaku & Uraume visit different governments and give them evidence of the existence of cursed energy through glasses and video footage from Mechamaru

Kenjaku convinces the US president to send 800 soldiers to Japan in November to capture sorcerers

September:

the Death Paintings Choso, Eso and Kechizu awake

Eso and Kechizu get killed by Itadori and Kugisaki

Gojo tells Okkotsu to keep an eye on Itadori if something happens to him

October 31st:

Shibuya incident, Gojo gets sealed in the Prison Realm

Kenjaku activates the cursed objects and gives some people cursed techniques

the barriers for the Culling Game activate

November:

Geto is categorized as alive and responsible for the Shibuya Incident

Gojo is officially exiled from Jujutsu Society & shouldn't be unsealed

Itadori should be executed on sight → Yuta “kills” him

Fushiguro Megumi becomes the Leader of the Zenin Clan

Kamo + Gojo Clans suggest to remove the Zenin Clan from the big 3

November 1st:

civilians already in the barriers get a choice to evacuate, the Culling Game starts

November 2nd-3rd:

Kenjaku becomes the 25th head of the Kamo Clan and takes control of the conservative faction of the higher-ups -> "removes" the people pushing for Itadori's and "Geto's" execution

November 9th:

Itadori, Fushiguro, Okkotsu, Zenin Maki, Tsukumo Yuki, Choso meet Tengen

Okkotsu Yuuta joins the Culling Game

November 12th:

Maki massacres the Zenin Clan

Fushiguro, Itadori, Hakari, Panda, Miwa, Nishimiya join the Culling Game

November 14th:

Maki has joined the Culling Game and is able to jump between barriers; Kamo Noritoshi joined Sakurajima colony

Itadori, Fushiguro, Takaba and Kurusu Hana meet up, it turns out that Kurusu and Angel coexist in one body

Angel demands that the group kill Sukuna for her to open the back of the Prison Realm

Foreign armies invade the Culling Game and start rounding up sorcerers, Kenjaku lets loose a new wave of curses to kill them

November 16th:

Kenjaku breaks into Tengen's barrier and fights Choso & Tsukumo

Tsukumo sacrifices herself by turning into a black hole, but Kenjaku survives and meets the real Tengen

[jyytheriverdragon]

Okay so I wanted to ask thing, Yìng Yuè has like no clue who Sun Wukong is right? So does that mean she’s was sealed away before Wukong’s birth and making her the “older sister figure” of Wukong lol

Nope! Sūn Wùkōng is MUCH older than her (some versions of JTTW state he was born in the Zhōu dynasty which was from 1050-221 BCE)

However Yìng Yuè disappeared before JTTW was widely known across China (she dissappeared in 710 AD) so for all she knows, Sūn Wùkōng is just some strong dude that got super drunk, fought all of heaven, and then got put under a mountain. She heard vague details about the journey but since it didn't effect her she didn't care much to learn.

The reason she didn't recognize him is because she's never seen him much. There will be a moment in the first chapter when MK explains that the monkey was Sūn Wùkōng to her and she's just like "...That's your mentor??? Are you sure you wanna be his student???" And then MK has to tell her about JTTW.

[gwendolynlerman]

Separatist and irredentist movements in the world

Rif

Proposed state: Republic of the Rif

Region: Rif, Morocco

Ethnic group: Rifians

Goal: independence

Date: 1921

Political parties: -

Militant organizations: Rif Independence Movement (RIM)

Current status: inactive

History

11th century BCE - Phoenician trading posts

814-146 - Carthaginian Empire

145 - the Rif becomes part of the Roman Empire

5th century CE - Vandal control

6th century - Byzantine Empire

661-750 - Umayyad Caliphate

710-1019 - Emirate of Nekor

1040-1147 - Almoravid Empire

1121-1269 - Almohad Caliphate

1244-1465 - Marinid Sultanate

1472-1554 - Wattasid dynasty

1510-1659 - Saadi Sultanate

1631-present - ‘Alawi dynasty

1912-1956 - French and Spanish protectorates in Morocco

1921-1926 - Rif Republic

1958-1959 - Rif revolt

2013 - reinvigoration of the RIM

The Rif has been inhabited by the Imazighen (Amazigh people) since prehistoric times. It has been a part of the Phoenician, Carthaginian, and Roman empires and was briefly under Vandal control.

The Emirate of Nekor was founded in 710 and Imazighen started converting to Islam. This was followed by a series of Amazigh dynasties between the 11th and 16th centuries and two Arab dynasties from the 16th century until the present day.

In 1912, France and Spain established two protectorates in Morocco. The majority of the Rif region was under Spanish rule until 1956, except between 1921 and 1926, when the Republic of the Rif was established as an independent state from Spanish occupation and the Alawite sultan. It was during this time that the RIM was founded.

After Morocco’s independence in 1956, Rifians rose to protest against the government’s marginalization and neglect of the Rif. After the Arab Spring, the RIM was revitalized, but no further steps have been taken toward independence.

Rifian people

There are around 7.5 million Rifians. They mainly live in Morocco, but can also be found in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain.

They speak Tarifit, an Amazigh language of the Afro-Asiatic family, and practice Sunni Islam but retain some pre-Islamic traditions.

The Rifians are divided into several tribal groups and organize themselves patrilineally. They mostly live an agricultural lifestyle and some practice fishing.

Vocabulary

ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ (Arrif) - Rif

Irifiyen - Rifians

Iweṭṭasen - Wattasid dynasty

Izigzawen - Greens (PDA)

Tagduda en Arrif - Republic of the Rif

ⵜⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⵜ (Tmaziɣt‎) - Tarifit

[imperialbogmonster]

Teo’s wheelchair is proof that a fantasy setting doesn’t mean you ~have to~ disclude disabled characters.

The first recorded wheelchair was in 525 CE. The first prosthetic? Somewhere between 950 and 710 BCE. And those are just the earliest we know about.

There have been disabled people for as long as there have been people.

[ir-egipto-travel]

The wooden outer coffin of Pethiset, an official who worked at the temple of Amun in Karnak. It was made in Thebes sometime between 710 and 680 BCE during the reign of the 25th Dynasty of the Third Intermediate Period. This piece is now in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden (National Museum of Antiquities), Leiden, the Netherlands. Photo (edited): Rijksmuseum van Oudheden.

As with most other coffins of this type, it is painted with texts and images from the 'Book of the Dead', which is a collection of instructions and spells to enable the soul of the deceased to safely navigate the dangers of the afterlife and ultimately ensure eternal life. To the Egyptians, the coffin meant rebirth. It was considered a secure spot for the deceased to become an aspect of Osiris (god of the dead, the afterlife and rebirth) and enjoy immortality.

[themuseumwithoutwalls]

MWW Artwork of the Day (1/26/19) Nara Period Japan (710-794 CE) Seated Bodhisattva (c. 770-780 CE) Wood core & dry lacquer w/ traces of gold leaf, 61 x 43.2 x 32.3 cm. The Art Institute of Chicago (Kate S. Buckingham Endowment)

This rare and important sculpture represents a Buddhist bodhisattva, or bosatsu, an enlightened and compassionate being who postponed Buddhahood in order to help save others. Calm, stately, and full-bodied, the bosatsu is seated in a frontal, meditative pose; his gracefully held hands, raised midair, make a gesture of assurance. Buddhism, which originated in India with the teachings of the Buddha Sakyamuni, or Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563-c. 483 BCE), was named the official religion of Japan at the beginning of the eighth century by the Emperor Shomu (701-56). This small, finely crafted lacquer figure is the only Buddhist sculpture outside Japan that is firmly attributed to the influential sculpture workshop of Todai-ji, the largest and most prestigious of the great state-sponsored Buddhist temples built during the Nara period. This sculpture represents a dramatic shift in Japanese sculptural tradition—a move away from the expensive, time-consuming technique of using lacquer (a resin extracted from the sap of a tree) over a temporary clay core that, once removed, left a sculpture that was completely hollow except for perhaps a wood bracing system. Here a sculpted wood core is overlaid with lacquer-soaked cloth. The innovative sculptors at the Nara temple modeled the wet and pliable surface of the cloth to create fine details such as facial features and jewelry. Finally the sculpture was gilt; traces of gold remain on the bodhisattva's face and chest (from the AIC catalog)

[awesomesallysoulla]

The Neolithic Manunggul burial jar from the Tabon Caves, Palawan, Philippines, depicts a soul and a psychopomp journeying to the spirit world in a boat (c. 890–710 BCE)

[aboutanancientenquiry]

The three most important ancient Egyptian theogonies and cosmogonies (a text of Egyptologist Salima Ikram)

" Creation Myths

The ancient Egyptians had several myths dealing with the creation of the cosmos and all that it contained. Probably, many of these myths had local origins, but with the unification of the country, they were gathered together and regarded as equally believable, or, depending on a particular situation, one may have been favoured above the others for some time. From the evidence that remains, it does not seem that the Egyptians had difficulty holding onto fairly contradictory concurrent beliefs.

The Heliopolitan Cosmogony is one of the earliest creation myths and originated at the site of Iwnw (Heliopolis in Greek; biblical On), a major solar centre. In this myth, a group of nine gods (the Ennead) created the world. First, the god Atum ("the complete one", "the all") masturbated (in some stories, he spat) and from his ejaculation created a pair of gods, the male Shu ("air") and his female counterpart Tefnut ("moisture"). They gave birth to Geb ("earth") and Nut ("sky"). (The Egyptians are almost unique in having a male earth god and a female sky divinity.) In turn, Geb and Nut produced two sons, Osiris and Seth, and two daughters, Isis and Nephthys, who were also their brothers' consorts. Clearly, incest was not taboo for gods in Egyptian religion; it was also acceptable for kings, who were regarded as gods. Incest was a taboo for anyone else, however. The tale of Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys leads into the Osiris myth cycle. (Fig. 64.)

An equally important myth, the Hermopolitan Cosmogony, originated in the Middle Egyptian city of Khemnw (the Greek Hermopolis), which was sacred to the god Thoth. In this tale, a group of eight gods, an Ogdoad, consisting of four couples of male and female divinities, personified the elements of chaos, or pre-creation. These were "hiddeness" or "hidden potential", personified by Amun and Amunet; 'formlessness", personified by Huh and Hauhet; "darkness", embodied by Kuk and Kauket; and the primeval waters, incarnated in Nun and Naunet. These deities created an egg that contained the gods responsible for creating the other gods, the land, animals, plants, and humans. Thoth was probably this god originally, which was particularly appropriate since an ibis is hatched from an egg. However, Atum was inserted in this role in some versions of the myth.

The Memphite Theology is another significant creation myth. This was probably an old tale, but the most complete version known to us was recorded on the Shabaka Stone (ca 710 BC, Dynasty 25), named after the king who had the myth inscribed on this piece of basalt; another version, the Bremner-Rhind Papyrus (4th century BC), was written on papyrus. In this myth, Ptah created the world by conceiving it in his heart (equivalent to our mind) and then giving it life by articulating or naming each element of the world and its denizens. The idea of thinking of something (Hu) and then causing it to exist through the act of speech (Sia) is close to the later biblical story of God's creating the world through speaking it; this story has also parallels in Australian aboriginal myths and in other concepts of speaking or singing the world into being. In the Memphite theology, Ptah created Atum and the Ennead, and, through them, the rest of the world.

Minor variations exist for all these myths, and sometimes, in the Memphite theology, other gods, such Amun-Re, supplanted Ptah as supreme creator, although Ptah remained an important character in the myth. Alternate accounts also exist; for example, in "The Destruction of Mankind", Re was cast as the supreme being and self-creator, with other gods, such as Nefertum, also playing generative roles."

Salima Ikram Ancient Egypt. An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp 128-129

Nut, Shu, and Geb in the Greenfield Papyrus (10th century BCE). Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shu-Egyptian-god