#1989 Bay Area Earthquake

[deadpresidents]

Eight years ago, I shared that while digging through my grandmother’s dirty old shed that was messy, musty, and largely left open to the elements, I found an original front page of the late edition of The Sacramento Bee from November 22, 1963 featuring the news that President Kennedy had been assassinated. I think that would be an awesome discovery for anybody, but it was especially exciting for me as a lifelong Presidential history fanatic. After finding that newspaper, I did a little more digging around in the shed at the time, but didn’t find anything else.

However, I didn’t get to all of the boxes and containers in the shed at that time. There were some even dirtier containers buried deep underneath boxes and furniture and an unsteady amount of crap that was liable to kill me if I disturbed it. And if I wasn’t killed in an avalanche of gross boxes or suffocated by clouds of dust, I was almost certain to be killed by some sort of dangerous spider or dinosaur that was somehow surviving underneath that mess. My grandmother also insisted that the JFK newspaper was a lucky find and that there wouldn’t have been anything else like it anywhere else in her shed.

After eight years and some cleaning and organizing, I was in that old shed today and pulled out a filthy plastic container from underneath some boxes and a set of dining room furniture that seemed like it belonged in the Haunted Mansion at Disneyland. I was looking for some old picture frames for my mom that she thought might be in the dirty plastic container, but she was wrong. There were not any picture frames in the dirty plastic container. 

But I did find these:

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Case Study: Bay Bridge Bolt Failure

Also known as the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the east section of the Bay Bridge collapsed in 1989 as a result of earthquakes in the area. The decision was eventually made to replace the entire bridge with a more earthquake resistant structure, with the western portion begining construction in 2004. In 2013 the eastern section of the new bridge was completed. However, construction did not go as planned. When pre-tension was applied, before finalization of construction, 32 of 96 A354BD bolts fractured within two weeks.

The bolts that failed were placed in 2008 as part of the shear keys meant to increase seismic resistance, meaning they did not contribute to the structure of the bridge. After the failure, all 96 bolts in the shear keys were considered suspect and alternative anchors were devised. However, the A354BD bolts were used in other places of construction so a detailed metallurgical analysis was conducted to ensure the bolts throughout the bridge would not fail as well. The failure was ultimately determined to be a result of hydrogen embrittlement. It was also eventually concluded that this was a result of the environment the rods were subjected to (seawater), not the manufacturing process, and the bolts used elsewhere throughout the bridge were allowed to remain supplemental corrosion protection measures.

Sources/Further Reading: (Images source - Structure Magazine) (TBPOC Report) (TWI Presentation)

[remembertheplunge]

1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

October 16, 1992

3 years ago tonight , October 16, 1989, we stood at the silent, invisible threshold of violent change. I had just purchased the Crow table and the large lavender vase from the Crow House estate sale.. I lived in the  Keller Street house and Dad was siting at the table working on class work. It was a Monday evening. That Saturday Night, October 14 had been the Dive Club abalone feed. We’d all come over to my house after, Mom and Dad  including Gene Trimble. The Crow table at that time was out in the garage. Chase had helped me bring it over in his little truck. It was a different world. I had no thoughts of moving from Keller Street. I was still in my first year of home ownership. I had yet to do a Murder trial. I drove the 1984 Dodge Charger. I had just paid it off I think. I was in Hand To Hand. I had been since August. I don’t know if I was matched. I earned substantially less than I do now. My house payment was substantially less than it is now. I had never been tested for AIDS. The magic of San Fransisco journeys was in full swing. I was open for wonder there. I journaled nightly as I do now. I enjoyed traveling journal integration as I do now. Alan Watts lectures on KPFA Sunday’s was probably my religious hour. Dad did not have cancer.

And then the earthquake hit. 

And all the shaking cried out for a peace, a resting, a calm to reorganize. So now I sit in this new world. I’m less confused. I’m less complex. I’m calmer. Tonight I am not terribly depressed as I have been traditionally work week Friday nights. I am here with you now.

Earthquakes can be friends. They can shake you into awakening.

End of this part of the entry.

Notes: 8/22/2024

The Loma Prieta quake hit at 5:04pm Tuesday October 17, 1989. The epicenter was near Santa Cruz, California.  Although I was in Modesto, California about 120 mile East of the epicenter, the floor began to roll and things were falling off the shelves in the grocery store that I was in when it hit.

Parts of downtown Santa Cruz were destroyed. An East Bay upper level of a freeway pancaked into the lower level. There was extensive damage in some areas of San Fransisco. Part of the upper level of the bay bridge collapsed into the lower level at rush hour on a Tuesday. 

The Crow house was an elegant old Victorian that sat across from the jail in downtown Modesto. I bought the antique round table and accompanying chairs just before the earth quake hit, along with the lavender large vase. I was afraid that the quake might have caused the vase to fall and shatter back at home. But, on arrival home, it was OK.

By 1992, I had done my first Murder Trial. My Dad must have tested positive for prostate cancer by then. Alan Watts was a philosopher  who died in 1973. His lectures used to play at 4:30pm Sundays on KPFA radio. They contained deep truths for me. I still love to listen to Alan Watts lectures on You tube. I still journal every night. And I still love the wonder of my San Francisco journal journeys.

Hand to Hand was an organization I volunteered for in which we would match up with people with AIDS and help them through their illness and death. The Modesto version of Hand to Hand was called the Stanislaus County Aids Project.

I sold my house on Keller Street and bought another house on Woodcrest Way in Modesto in 1991.

[jtmportland]

It’s Thursday! Haven’t done this in a while, so here’s another old scan.

This photo was taken October, 1989. I was visiting a friend in Oakland, California. A sunny morning, his cat Mango in the window, and a red 1957 T-Bird parked on the street. I was in love.

Two days later, the Loma Prieta earthquake would cause catastrophic damage to the Bay Area.

[world-cinema-research]

Week 7 Short Essay Part 1 – Sex, Lies and Videotape comparison to Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai 

By Christian Lavarello

The films, Sex, Lies and Videotape by Director Steven Soderbergh and Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai by director Jim Jarmusch are vastly different from one another. Sex, Lies and Videotape follows the intertwined lives of four individuals living in Baton Rouge, Louisiana: John Mulaney (Peter Gallagher), Ann Bishop Mulaney (Andie MacDowell), Cynthia Bishop, and Graham Dalton. John is an attorney who is having an affair with his wife Ann’s sister. Ann claims to not want sex anymore, being excessively concerned about world issues until John’s old college friend, Graham (James Spader) visits them. Graham is ‘brutally honesty,’ especially about the fact that he is impotent and the only way he can have some physical satisfaction is by videotaping women talking about sex and their sexual encounters. With his arrival, everyone’s deceptions and hypocrisies come to the surface and so does Ann’s desire to have to sex again. Director Steven Soderbergh’s groundbreaking debut shook the Indie Filmmaking scene awarding him the Palme d'Or at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival, making Soderbergh the youngest solo director to win the award.  

Almost ten years later, Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai was released by director Jim Jarmusch which tells the story of an urban samurai (Forest Whitaker), a man who was saved when he was younger by Louie (John Tormey), a mafioso. Sometime later, Ghost Dog reappears before the mafioso and, in accordance with his samurai ethical code, admits he is in debt with Louie. Louie turns Ghost Dog into his own efficient, uncatchable hitman and nobody knows his "real" name and they communicate via carrier pigeon-delivered messages. Ghost Dog’s only "outside" conversations are with the French-speaking Haitian ice-cream vendor Raymond (Isaach De Baukole) and a precocious girl, Pearline (Camille Winbush), whom he meets in the park, and they share books.  

One the most prominent differences between both films is that Sex, Lies and Videotape is more of an unconventional film, whereas Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai is conventional. Alisa Perren wrote a scholarly review on Sex, Lies and Videotape and its’ impact on filmmaking and marketing of the 80s and early 90s, where she states, “On a cost-to-earnings ratio, Steven Soderbergh’s creation —with its $1.1 million dollar budget and $24 million plus in North American box office—was a better investment than Batman, which—at an investment of $50 million—returned $250 million in domestic box office”.

Chuck Stephens wrote a scholarly article on Jim Jarmusch's way of telling the Ghost Dog’s story where he states, “There are many stories within Ghost Dog, and Jarmusch rashomon-ically wants to tell - or retell - them all. The simplest of them is this: Ghost Dog lives alone in a rooftop aerie, kept company by a covey of carrier pigeons as he studies the nihilist koans of the Hagakure. Around him, the wind whistles with hiphop hybridity ("black Mafia mind De Niro") and moans with the "everything's changing," time-to- die fatalism of Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, another film in which out-moded men are picked off like chickens buried to their necks in sand”. Both films are reviewed critically from very different aspects and the reviewer sees they excel and radiate different qualities that contributed to films of the 80s and 90s.  

During the time of the film Sex, Lies and Videotape in 1989, the Loma Prieta earthquake hit the San Francisco Bay Area with a 6.9 magnitude, leaving behind a trail of destruction, while in 1999 during the time of the film, Ghost Dog: The way of the Samurai John F. Kennedy Jr., wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and her sister Lauren G. Bessette are lost at sea when a plane he was piloting disappears near Martha's Vineyard, off Mass. coast on July 16, 1999. Two different tragic events occur during the time of both films which affected many individuals.  

Both films had great success in their own ways with Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai touching on the history of the warriors of Japan with a gangster American twist where the characters are understood and the story comes together at the end, whereas Sex, Lies and Videotape touched on more socially unacceptable topics of its’ time and sexual conversations making the audience work to resolve issues brought up in the movie. Their differences make these films unique and do cater to very different audiences, but both are great films to watch. 

[lboogie1906]

Lionel Joseph Wilson (March 14, 1915 – January 23, 1998) was a political figure and a member of the Democratic Party. He was the first African American mayor of Oakland, serving three terms.

Born in New Orleans, was the eldest of eight children of Louise Barrios and Julius Wilson. By 1920, the family had moved to Oakland, where his father worked as a plasterer in building construction. He was educated in public schools and 1932 graduated from McClymonds High School.

He graduated from UC Berkeley, graduating with an AB in Economics. He was a semi-professional baseball player, pitching for the Oakland Larks as part of the short-lived West Coast Negro Baseball League. During WWII he enlisted in the Army, rising to the rank of Sargeant. He continued his studies at Hastings College of the Law, receiving an LL.B. He was admitted to the State Bar of California and began a private practice with George Vaughns.

He ran for the Berkeley City Council. He formed the law firm Wilson, Metoyer & Sweeney (later joined by Allen Broussard). Governor Pat Brown appointed him a judge of the Alameda County Municipal Court (becoming the first African American judge in California) and Brown elevated him to serve as a judge of the Alameda County Superior Court. He joined the Metropolitan Oakland YMCA’s Board of Directors.

He won the election for mayor of Oakland. He addressed development in downtown Oakland, including the extension of Bay Area Rapid Transit to the city, and one natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. He lost the 1990 mayoral election after making an expensive and unsuccessful bid to return the Los Angeles Raiders to Oakland.

He nominated himself to serve on the Oakland Board of Port Commissioners, being appointed by the Oakland City Council after losing his mayoral bid. He served on the port commission.

He was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. He married Gloria Towns (1942) and he had three sons. He married Dorothy P. McGuinness (1950-1998). #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #alphaphialpha

[dakota-schuck]

Journal Entry | 2023

pixel 7 | tumblr

1989

I was born in 1989.

This embeds me in a certain slice of history.

What are my chronological siblings?

What other notable events are in my cohort?

Three notable historical events in 1989:

The beginning of the Internet

The fall of the Berlin Wall

Taylor Swift was born

Let me look at the wiki page for 1989 real quick and see what I'm missing— actually, wait, no! I'm gonna ask GPT4 "What were the five most notable events in 1989?"

The year 1989 was marked by several significant events worldwide. Here are five of the most notable: 1. **Fall of the Berlin Wall (November 9)**: This event symbolized the end of the Cold War and was a major step towards German reunification. The fall of the Berlin Wall was a pivotal moment in European history. 2. **Tiananmen Square Massacre (June 3-4)**: In Beijing, China, a pro-democracy protest led by students ended in a violent crackdown by the Chinese government. It had a profound impact on China's political and social landscape. 3. **Poland's Solidarity Movement**: This year marked a major victory for Poland's Solidarity movement, leading to the end of communist rule in Poland. It was a significant moment in the spread of democracy in Eastern Europe. 4. **George H.W. Bush Inaugurated as the 41st U.S. President (January 20)**: The inauguration of Bush represented a continuation of Republican leadership in the United States following Ronald Reagan's presidency. 5. **The Loma Prieta Earthquake (October 17)**: Striking the San Francisco Bay Area, this earthquake caused significant damage and loss of life. It highlighted the importance of earthquake preparedness and had a lasting impact on infrastructure and building codes in the region. Each of these events had far-reaching consequences and played a key role in shaping the geopolitical and social landscape of the late 20th century.

Okay. Pretty rude to Taylor and I, but okay.

Also, I asked GPT4 a follow up question about when the Internet started because I know there are a lot of different phases of that process and I don't remember which one happened in 1989.

The origins of the internet date back to the late 1960s and early 1970s. The key milestones in its development include: 1. **ARPANET (1969)**: The first real work towards the internet began with ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), created by the U.S. Department of Defense. The first message on ARPANET was sent on October 29, 1969, between computers at UCLA and Stanford Research Institute. 2. **TCP/IP Protocol (1983)**: On January 1, 1983, the ARPANET adopted the TCP/IP protocol, which became the standard for how data could be routed from one computer to another. This is often considered a crucial moment in the birth of the Internet. 3. **World Wide Web (1989-1991)**: Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989 while working at CERN. The web was initially conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world. The first website was created in 1991. The Internet's growth in the 1990s, with the development of user-friendly web browsers and the increasing availability of home computers, was key to its becoming an integral part of daily life around the world.

So I don't share the same birth year as "The Internet", I share a birth year with the "World Wide Web" specifically. I could think of that being the shift from it being a military technology to being an everybody technology.

I like that.

Signed,

Dakota Schuck

Journal Entry | 2023

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 10.17 (after 1950)

1952 – Indonesian Army elements surrounded the Merdeka Palace demanding President Sukarno disband the Provisional People's Representative Council. 1956 – The first commercial nuclear power station is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in Sellafield, England. 1961 – Directed by their chief Maurice Papon, Paris police massacre scores of Algerian protesters. 1961 – The first attempt of the apartheid analogy by Ahmad Shukeiri. 1965 – The 1964–65 New York World's Fair closes after two years and more than 51 million attendees. 1966 – The 23rd Street Fire in New York City kills 12 firefighters. 1969 – The Caravaggio painting Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence is stolen from the Oratory of Saint Lawrence in Palermo. 1970 – FLQ terrorists murder Quebec Vice-Premier and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte. 1973 – OPEC imposes an oil embargo against countries they deem to have helped Israel in the Yom Kippur War. 1977 – The hijacked Lufthansa Flight 181 lands in Mogadishu. The remaining hostages are later rescued. 1979 – Mother Teresa is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. 1979 – The Department of Education Organization Act creates the U.S. Department of Education. 1980 – As part of the Holy See–United Kingdom relations a British monarch makes the first state visit to the Vatican. 1988 – Uganda Airlines Flight 775 crashes at Rome–Fiumicino International Airport, in Rome, Italy, killing 33 people. 1989 – The 6.9 Mw Loma Prieta earthquake shakes the San Francisco Bay Area and the Central Coast, killing 63. 1989 – The East German Politburo votes to remove Erich Honecker from his role as General Secretary. 1991 – 1991 Rudrapur bombings by Sikh separatists, who explode two bombs, during a Ramlila Hindu celebration in Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, killing 41 people. 1992 – Having gone to the wrong house, Japanese student Yoshihiro Hattori is killed by the homeowner in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 1994 – Russian journalist Dmitry Kholodov is assassinated while investigating corruption in the armed forces. 2000 – The Hatfield rail crash leads to the collapse of Railtrack. 2001 – Israeli tourism minister Rehavam Ze'evi is assassinated by Hamdi Quran, a member of the PFLP, thus becoming the highest-ranking Israeli to be killed by a Palestinian. 2003 – Taipei 101, a 101-floor skyscraper in Taipei, becomes the world's tallest high-rise. 2004 – A fire that lasted over 15 hours destroyed almost one third of the East Tower of the Parque Central Urban Complex in Caracas, Venezuela. 2017 – Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) capture the last foothold of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in Raqqa, marking the end of the Battle of Raqqa. 2018 – The recreational use of cannabis is legalized in Canada. 2018 – A mass shooting and bombing at Kerch Polytechnic College in Crimea kills 21 people including the attacker and injures 70 others. 2019 – Drug dealers in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico force the government to back down on an arrest. 2019 – The 17 October Revolution starts in Lebanon.

[nj-stone]

33-Year Anniversary of Loma Prieta’s 1989 World Series Game 3 postponement https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/33-anniversary-loma-prieta-1989-223000172.html via @Yahoo

[sfnewsvine]

Remembering the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake 33 Years Later NBC Bay Area

The Loma Prieta Earthquake jolted the Bay Space and past 33 years in the past Monday, shaking buildings from their foundations, flattening a stretch of freeway in Oakland and dislodging a bit of the Bay Bridge. Have a look again on the devastating earthquake beneath. When and the place was the Loma Prieta Earthquake? The earthquake struck at 5:04 p.m. on Oct. 17, 1989. Baseball followers throughout the Bay Space have been gearing as much as watch Recreation 3 of the World Collection between the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics when the quake struck on the San Andreas Fault close to Loma Prieta peak within the Santa Cruz Mountains. The epicenter was positioned roughly 9 miles northeast of Santa Cruz and 60 miles south-southeast of San Francisco, in accordance with the U.S. Geological Survey. Shaking was mentioned to have lasted for about 15 to twenty seconds, and folks as far-off as San Diego and western Nevada reportedly felt it, in accordance with the California Division of Conservation. Aftermath: The Loma Prieta Earthquake What was the magnitude of the Loma Prieta Earthquake? Loma Prieta was a 6.9 magnitude quake. Loma Prieta Earthquake causalities The earthquake left 63 individuals lifeless and injured greater than 3,700 others. We requested individuals to share their story and what occurred to them on the precise second the Loma Prieta earthquake hit on October 17, 1989 at 5:04 p.m.. Loma Prieta Earthquake injury The quake broken an estimated 18,300 homes, in accordance with the conservation division. One other 963 have been destroyed. The shaking additionally broken practically 2,600 companies and worn out 147.  Tremors triggered a portion of the higher deck of the Bay Bridge to break down onto the decrease deck, leaving the very important transportation artery unusable for about one month. The higher deck of the close by Cypress Freeway in Oakland additionally got here crashing down immediately, crushing automobiles on the freeway’s decrease degree. Forty-two individuals have been killed. Over in San Francisco, the delicate soil of the Marina District gave method. Houses toppled, fuel traces ruptured and blazes ignited. Brick buildings in downtown Santa Cruz crumpled. We check out how completely different the Bay Space appears to be like, 30 years after the Loma Prieta earthquake hit. Bay Space Revelations: Loma Prieta Earthquake, 30 Years Later If you would like to study extra in regards to the Loma Prieta Earthquake, watch the complete Bay Space Revelations episode. It consists of interviews with survivors, first responders and unsung heroes who skilled one of many strongest earthquakes to rattle the area in a long time. Supply hyperlink Originally published at SF Newsvine

[makemyday808]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: Battle of the Bay 1989 Giants A's World Series Mug.

[remembertheplunge]

They talk earth quake there

12/30/1989

I drove to the sun.. Its warmth pervaded my soul. My warmth reached out and joined it. We both glowed through cool grey mists and the  electric blue blanket sky. And, the beacon of December 31 guided us home through the holy terror black cold blanket and I am home and I am alive.

They talk Earthquake there.

The 880 still shoots off in double fisted fashion into the cool air like some saddened amputee.

“My best friend’s boss would have been free of the upper freeway  in 3 seconds" said Richard at the Twin Peaks Bar. “His was the silver car that  they showed on TV…” Free flashlights were given out on the Castro. The Castro came through the earth quake alright. “It’s built on a rock.” “We saw a plume of smoke coming up from the Marina like a bomb had gone off” The Marina is built on landfill from ruins of the 1906 quake.

People are scared.

The City was quiet. Calendar pages littered Market Street and Montgomery. I gathered up a few, including 2 from October 17. Bart on the way back was the most crowded ever. I wore my SCAP T shirt openly. I got weird looks.

1990 rang across bar walls and radio speakers. You’d think ’89 had been gone for months. “Get out of the damed past” said one radio DJ.

Oh, we Americans. Always living 10 paces ahead of our position.

There is so much sweet uniqueness sitting here on the brink.

I enjoyed slipping my ladle into the bucket of swirling days and confetti and lifting out choice fresh deep blue green memories who splashed and gurgled on my face and down my parched mind throat.

With the decade goes so much. I just wanted to sit in the parlor with them all one more time. The dear sweet fog enshrouds and encloses us tonight. It keeps our meeting place safe. Keeps it protected. Sweet, soft , gentle, touch, kiss of the now.

End of this part of the entry

Notes 6/6/2024

In the above entry I am describing my drive from the California central valley where I lived to San Fransisco and the Castro District on December 30, 1989. It must have been foggy in the valley and sunny in the Bay Area. There had been a 7.1 earth quake in the Bay Area on October 17, 1989. It was called the Loma Prieta Quake.

It caused a large section of the upper level of the 880 freeway in Oakland to collapse into the bottom section, crushing the silver car mentioned in the entry. The Marina District was heavily damaged, but, the Castro came through ok because it was built on “a rock”. 

A tradition in San Fransisco was, and may still be , to. drop pages from the years calendar out of the building windows around New Years.

I wore my Stanislaus County Aids Project T shirt on Bart. (I was a volunteer with the project. We supportd people with Aids through their illness and death). BART is and was then Bay Area Rapid Transit. You could see the collapsed 880 freeway from the Bart train.

The Twin Peaks is and was then a gay bar located at Market and Castro Street, San Fransisco.

[supplyside]

1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake

[collectorsweekly]

Today marks 30 years since the 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake rattled the San Francisco Bay Area.

[lboogie1906]

Lionel Joseph Wilson (March 14, 1915 – January 23, 1998) was a political figure and a member of the Democratic Party. He was the first African American mayor of Oakland, serving three terms. Born in New Orleans, was the eldest of eight children of Louise Barrios and Julius Wilson. By 1920, the family had moved to Oakland, where his father worked as a plasterer in building construction. He was educated in public schools and 1932 graduated from McClymonds High School. He graduated from UC Berkeley, graduating with an AB in Economics. He was a semi-professional baseball player, pitching for the Oakland Larks as part of the short-lived West Coast Negro Baseball League. During WWII he enlisted in the Army, rising to the rank of Sargeant. He continued his studies at Hastings College of the Law, receiving an LL.B. He was admitted to the State Bar of California and began a private practice with George Vaughns. He ran for the Berkeley City Council. He then formed the law firm Wilson, Metoyer & Sweeney (later joined by Allen Broussard). Governor Pat Brown appointed him a judge of the Alameda County Municipal Court (becoming the first African American judge in California) and Brown elevated him to serve as a judge of the Alameda County Superior Court. He joined the Metropolitan Oakland YMCA's Board of Directors. He won the election for mayor of Oakland. He addressed development in downtown Oakland, including the extension of Bay Area Rapid Transit to the city, and one natural disaster: the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. He lost the 1990 mayoral election after making an expensive and unsuccessful bid to return the Los Angeles Raiders to Oakland. He nominated himself to serve on the Oakland Board of Port Commissioners, being appointed by the Oakland City Council after losing his mayoral bid. He served on the port commission. He was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. He married Gloria Towns (1942-?), and he had three sons. He married Dorothy P. McGuinness (1950-1998). #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #alphaphialpha https://www.instagram.com/p/CpxIAaeLSDN/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=