#1881 Distillery

[brian-in-finance]

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Peebles Hydropathic Hotel, 1920s

Where 1881 Gin Distillery Began

The idea for The 1881 Gin Distillery came on a summer day, standing in front of the steps to our tennis pavilion on the front lawn. In the 1920s Peebles Hydro had more tennis courts than Wimbledon, and we hosted many a tournament at that time. Gin and tonic was a popular tipple, served on the lawn to the crowds that gathered to watch. Would it be possible to turn water to gin and create our own gin to honour the history of the hotel?

Peebles Hydro has never settled for received wisdom or conventional thinking. A gin distilled with local botanicals, and made with water drawn from a private spring? It’s unheard of – well, almost unheard of

We quickly discovered that the pavilion did not have enough space to house all of our gin distilling equipment. Undeterred, we decided to move production into the main hotel and so The 1881 Distillery was born – named after the date Peebles Hydropathic Hotel was first opened.

1881 Distillery

Video 📹 clip from YouTube

Remember… Forget Me Not Botanical Gin is distilled over a Victorian era swimming pool in the heart of the Scottish Borders.

[luhafraser]

Hey, love your post today about SC from January 2022. My question is what about this last stay at Shutters. Do you think Cait was or is there? Do you think there is much to do about the blonde on the boat and in her hotel room with the helmet on the table? Thanks in advance. Linda

No, I don't think Cait was at this hotel! And I think Sam was barely there!

Recently, Cait was probably at the 1881 Distillery (Scotland).

What about the girl in the blue bikini? I quote what I already posted...

And I emphasize... Blue Bikini is not Blue Tick!

Nobody here in this fandom would have found this woman so quickly.

Interestingly, she wears the scarf on her head, on the boat and in the unsuspicious story, while in no other photo on her account does she wear this accessory! 🤔😜

[yatescountyhistorycenter]

Bluff Point and Keuka Park: A shared history

By Jonathan Monfiletto

Following my prior article about the shared ZIP code of the hamlets of Keuka Park and Bluff Point in the Town of Jerusalem – and the absence of a post office in Bluff Point where one once stood – I wanted to present the apparently shared, but certainly differing, histories of these two hamlets and their respective post offices.

First, let’s get the lay of the land, so to speak. According to Google Maps (because nobody uses an atlas or a map anymore, he said cynically and wistfully), Keuka Park and Bluff Point are just seven-tenths of a mile apart from each other. Google Maps places the center of Keuka Park at the intersection of Central and Assembly avenues, while the heart of Bluff Point lies along State Route 54A where it meets Assembly Avenue and Kinneys Corners Road. You could drive from one hamlet to the other in two minutes; if you have the gumption, you could walk the route in 14 minutes or bicycle there in 3 minutes.

At first – around the late 18th century or early 19th century, though no specific founding date is given – the whole area was called Fox’s Corners, its center nestled at the intersection of the east and west roads and the road coming from the end of Bluff Point the landmass. Abraham Fox, a hotel landlord, had inaugurated public exhibitions such as athletic sports, horse racing, and general training by the militia in the area. In 1825, two years after Yates County was established, the settlement took on the name Kinney’s Corners for local tavern keeper and tradesman Giles Kinney.

The Bluff Point Post Office opened in either 1849 or 1850, and either Robert Chissom or John H. Bishop was the first postmaster. The post office was initially located in a hotel that burned down on March 16, 1881 when Allen Spooner was the proprietor. It was with the establishment of the post office that the hamlet was given the named also labeled on the promontory that splits Keuka Lake into two branches. A rural route began on October 1, 1901 when most of the county’s rural post offices were discontinued.

The first church in the hamlet was indeed the first church in the Town of Jerusalem, outside of the Public Universal Friend’s home that also served as the meetinghouse for the Society of Universal Friends. Methodist circuit riders first came to the area in 1793, and the first society of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1823. The first church building was constructed between 1838 and 1840. A new church was erected in 1896, with the old church moved and relocated as part of the new building.

In the early days of Bluff Point, along with the hotel, the hamlet featured a general store with meeting space on the second floor, saloon, wagon shop, cooper shop, shoe shop, blacksmith shop, cider mills, ashery and distillery, and even a doctor. The post office was moved into W.M. Barrow’s wagon shop, while the hotel’s barns were remodeled into a feed mill. When the wagon shop burned, Barrow bought the feed mill and built a store with a home attached; the post office moved into this building alongside a department store.

Nearby, Keuka Park was a deliberately planned village, not officially incorporated but in the sense of a having a more urban center than being in the rural outskirts. The settlement was conceived in the late 1880s around the same time the idea for Keuka College was being birthed. The Ketchum farm was purchased, college buildings were provided for, and houses were built. Eight hundred lots were laid out on the property that became Keuka Park. “But other than the college development, the village was temporarily a typical nineteenth century hamlet,” states an undated typewritten document in our subject files, likely crafted by former Yates County Historian Frank Swann.

There were a couple of stores in the early days, and in 1891, a stagecoach line was established from Keuka Park to Penn Yan with sizable horse sheds in Keuka Park to accommodate that business. Summer college sessions took place in a build on the assembly grounds that was later moved and became the college basket factory. At this factory, students could earn part of their expenses by operating the Taylor pony basket making machine.

Later, the Penn Yan, Keuka Park, and Branchport trolley line made Keuka Park more accessible. Even later, a road following the line of the trolley from the trolley’s powerhouse to the main Penn Yan road eliminated two hills and decreased the distance to the county seat. Since 1920, Keuka Park residents have been supplied with water from the college’s water system. The Keuka Park Fire Company was organized on March 14, 1928, and the Keuka Park Fire District was organized on January 30, 1941.

While the Bluff Point Post Office close for good in the mid-1980s, its closure was threatened 30 years before when it was one of four fourth-class post offices in Yates County the U.S. Postal Service considered eliminating – the others being Starkey, Gage, and Himrod. A fourth-class post office conducted less than $1,500 worth of business annually, but more than 150 residents signed a petition against discontinuing the post office with the argument that the hamlet’s post office had the potential to grow into a third-class post office. Indeed, the Bluff Point Post Office marked its 103rd year in 1953 with the specter of that year being its last.

“To many of us this post office is part and parcel of a rich historical heritage,” states a newspaper article from the time. “To others, it is a valuable and very efficient postal service. To still others, Bluff Point looms as an undiscovered wonderland, soon to be embellished with new cottages, hard roads and the mecca for tourists from near and far.” The article notes the year of the post office’s opening coincided with the development of the plank road connecting Penn Yan and Branchport via Kinney’s Corners and the establishment of the first railroad out of Penn Yan. Steamboats had first cruised Keuka Lake a few years prior, and two decades before had seen the start of the Crooked Lake Canal. The grape industry contributed to the growth of Bluff Point in the years after 1850.

At the halfway point of the 20th century, the article pointed to more developments that would provide a boon to Bluff Point and thus make a post office in the hamlet a necessity. The Bluff Point Post Office remained open, and in 1974 the post office received a new building after 30 years by that point of resident in a house owned by the Olbrich family. The new building, across the road from the old site, turned out to be a mobile trailer adorned in a Postal Service motif of red, white, and blue. The trailer previously provided shelter to people who lost their homes due to Hurricane Agnes two years before, and now it provided “more space, a modern appearance and better working conditions for the employees,” Postmaster Paul Yarnall said in a newspaper article.

The Keuka Park Post Office opened in 1890 and presumably sprang up alongside the development plans for the hamlet and the college. As the calendar turned from 1945 to 1946, the post office received its own dedicated building after years of mail and postal business being handled in “the store at Keuka Park,” according to a newspaper article. The one-story, 32x24-foot building housed a third-class post office – putting its revenue between $7,000 and $8,000 annually – and contained 200 mailboxes. When it opened, the building served 56 families with balance of the mail being handled for Keuka College.

An article dated April 8, 1954 placed post offices at Keuka Park, Bluff Point, and Starkey on a list for discontinuance but also announced the termination of those plans. Less than 20 years after the new building in Keuka Park opened, another new location was proposed as part of a larger Postal Service plan to lease facilities under private ownership. Keuka College received the contract to build a new post office and lease the building to the Postal Service, showing how the hamlet and the college had grown up together.

The building, where the Keuka Park Post Office remains today, measures 1,972 square feet – nearly tripling the space the post office previously occupied and was situated on the north side of Assembly Avenue, a stone’s throw from the entrance to the college campus. The additional space and more modern equipment were geared toward providing more efficient handling of the mail for a growing population – both permanent residents and college students alike. Of course, as we now know, this post office also handles mail and postal business for residents in Bluff Point and Branchport.

[whiskyconsidered]

Bunnahabhain 12

Widespread. Any decent liquor store should carry it. Highly recommended For the details… Bunnahabhain was built in 1881 by William Robertson in partnership with the Greenlees Bros. From its inception, the distillery included housing for workers and a custom-built road and pier. In 1887 it merged with Glenrothes on Speyside, forming Highland Distillers, which eventually became the present day…

[kappavision]

This well preserved boiling-type distillation plant at Tignè was contructed during the British period in order to counter for the increasing demand for water generated by new urban development in #Sliema. It was the first sea water distillery built in #Malta. THE WATER DISTILLING PLANT IN SLIEMA In 1881 the water distilling plant was erected in Sliema in order to provide water to the British barracks on the Tignè Seafront. In 1882 the distillery was decommissioned and the building, which still stands today, was then occupied by a printing press. The barracks it supplied water to were demolished in 2001 in order to make way for the development of Tignè Point. DID YOU KNOW? When it was built, this distilling plant was located right next to the shore. That’s because the road between it and the sea that there is today was added more recently when a large chunk of land was ‘reclaimed’ from the sea! SLIEMA’S ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT Sliema got its name from a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary that once stood at Tignè point and which served as a beacon and a reference point to the few fishermen who lived in that area. The name could thus be connected with the first words of the Hail Mary prayer, which in Maltese is "Sliem Għalik Marija". Sliem is the Maltese word meaning peace. The town began to develop rapidly in the second half of the 19th century becoming popular as a summer resort for wealthier Valletta residents and British nationals living in Malta. Their elegant villas and townhouses lined the quiet, inland streets. Various Victorian buildings graced Sliema’s three kilometre sea promenade which overlooked rugged rocks, farms and even a small sandy beach. In 1990 one of these farms, which had been abandoned, was transformed into a coastline garden known as Ġnien Indipendenza (Independence Garden). (at Sliema, Malta) https://www.instagram.com/p/CpB31L3I4bO/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[scotianostra]

December 2nd  1971 saw the last permanent resident family leave the island of Scarp, off Harris in the Western Isles.

The departure of Mr and Mrs Angus MacInnes and their two sons  marked the end of an era on the island which was home to more than 200 people in the late 19th Century.

A newspaper report documented the exit of the MacInnes family, who came ashore half-a-mile away at Hushinish Beach on Harris before settling on a croft at Govig.

The article, printed in the Press and Journal, noted how the island was then “left to the Old Etonians” given its remaining residents were Andrew Miller Mundy, whose father once owned the North Harris Estate, and his school friend Andrew Cox, who temporarily moved to the island earlier that year with his wife and their baby, India.

After the MacInnes family left, life on Scarp continued for several more weeks until a heavy storm cut the island off with provisions running ‘dangerously low’.

Mundy, in London at the time, sent a helicopter in to rescue his girlfriend, a model who he later married, with food also choppered into Scarp - just in time for Christmas. Mundy later relocated permanently to Harris, trained himself to catch lobsters and worked the waters around St Kilda for a decade. 

He became a popular figure to many, representing Harris at council level for many years and was admired for his dedication to wildlife and conservation. Scarp, meanwhile, has seen little human life since the early 1970s. Those who inherited the island’s crofting rights still keep sheep on Scarp with rams taken over for tupping and lambs returned to Stornoway for sale in September.

The ruins of several old buildings remain scattered over the island with a handful of holiday homes bringing in visitors from time to time. Scarp is now owned by American musicologist Andrew Burr Bakewell, the founder of the Isle of Harris Distillery, who has had a long affection for the Hebrides.

Traditionally, the Scarpachs, as they were know, were renowned for their sailing and fishing skills with the islanders developing their own long oars, usually around 16ft, to keep them rowing long and hard in heavy seas a daily basis. The oars were often placed under boats as they were pushed from the shore into the water, leaving markings in the wood. If such an oar was found washed up from the sea, it was often a fearful indication that something had gone terribly wrong on the water.

While only half a mile of shallow waters separate Scarp from Harris, the storms that ripped through the channel were enough to cut the island off for weeks at a time.In February 1944, it was reported that the island and its 30 families went without delivery of rationed goods, mail, newspapers or food for a month after gales cut off the island.

“It is now impossible for the islanders to launch a boat when in the past fishermen would have had no hesitation in putting it to sea,” a newspaper report of the day said.

The lack of a sheltered harbour was to be an enduring challenge for the Scarpachs over generations. With no jetty, fishermen had to wade up to their waist to launch their boats each morning and remain soaked and freezing for the rest of the day.

The winter was devoted to lobster fishing, with the shellfish sent for sale at Billingsgate when possible, with the Spring spent preparing the ground for cultivation. According to accounts, every inch of land was planted around the village with a huge variety of crops grown by islanders. Such was the shortage of land, that youngsters had to walk to the island school via the beach so as to not to disturb the crops.

The island population peaked in 1881 when 213 people lived on Scarp with the numbers swelling following clearances on Harris. The population was impossible to sustain with pleas made to the Napier Commission, the inquiry into conditions for crofters in the Highlands and Islands, to allow resettlement on Harris.

Despite a suggestion from a factor Kenneth Macdonald that emigration may be a better option, several Scarp families were allocated crofts in the late 1880s.

According to research by Jill Harden for the Isle of Harris online guide, more than 25 families eked out an existence on Scarp until after World War One.

Population records on the Hebridean Connections website show how islanders married into families on Great Bernera, Lewis or Harris

There are some fascinating accounts of past residents of the island.....

They included Peggy Maclennan, of 13 Scarp, who married Murdo Macleod from Enaclete, Lewis, in Detroit. The Michigan state capital was a destination for many Hebrideans, particularly second-generation immigrants whose families had first settled in the eastern townships of Quebec.

The MacLeod's returned to Lewis with their son later born on Scarp. They had been due to return to Michigan when Peggy fell ill and died when her boy was just three years old.

Other residents included Jack Banks Ross, the son of the Scarp headmaster, who ran away to sea in 1899 aged 14 and later settled in Leith.

Meanwhile, Donald McLeod, son of Norman McLeod, of Scarp , was so strong that he once grabbed the hand of an adversary so hard that he forced the blood out his foe’s fingernails.

Scarp, although a small island, made a national impact on at least two occasions.

The trials of island life were highlighted in January 1934 when islander Christina Maclennan gave birth to her first twin, Mary, on Scarp, with the help of an untrained midwife in her eighties. Amid complications, Mrs Maclennan was taken to Harris on a boat and then, lying on the floor of a bus, moved to Stornoway to complete her labour.

Her second baby, Jessie, was delivered two days later - and 48 miles away from her sister.

The case was raised in the House of Commons by Liberal National MP Thomas Ramsay, who called for a properly trained nurse, a pier and new roads for Scarp.

Also in 1934 the island became the setting of a bizarre trial of the Western Isles Rocket Post when German scientist Gerhard Zucker arrived to test out his mail delivery system.

Said to have bee inspired by Ms Maclennan’s dramatic labour and fulled by a desire to “bring the world together” he tried to send a rocket packed with 4,000 letters over to Harris.

The mission failed with a dull explosion and a cloud of smoke - but Scarp was on the map once again. I have posted a more detailed account of this in the past.

There’s a two part post about Scarp, on the excellent  Carmichael Watson blog at the link below.

 http://carmichaelwatson.blogspot.com/search?q=scarp

[jackoshadows]

A fascinating and educational twitter thread about how Prohibition helped Botswana become one of the most stable countries in Africa. 

For decades since its independence in 1966, Botswana was an island of black sovereignty & stability between apartheid South Africa and white-supremacist Rhodesia. Some say it was the inspiration for #Wakanda in the movie #BlackPanther.  

In southern Africa as the world over, the Brits and European colonists ran the EXACT SAME PLAYBOOK of alco-colonization.

Read more at the link

Step 1: Introduce hard liquors--industrial distillates--to native populations with no experience with drinks of such mind-bending potency.  4/ Step 2: Clutch their pearls, and recoil in horror at the drunkenness and violence that predictably occurs within the native community and against white colonizers and liquor purveyors. In Africa, they called it the “black peril.”

Step 3: Cite that drunkenness as evidence of natives’ inability to be “civilized,” thus justifying white political domination over them. Africa, Asia, North America, even Ireland--everywhere it was the same pattern. See also: opium in China.

Hard liquor (whiskey, rum, gin, vodka, schnapps, etc.) was the perfect tool of exploitation. Highly potent. Concentrated. Easy to transport. Highly addictive. Didn’t spoil like fermented brews. Easy to make. Incredibly lucrative.

European colonizers would share liquor as a gesture of goodwill, and then once the alcoholic stupor set in, get tribal leaders to scrawl an “X” and sign-away their land, resources, and even people.  8/ More importantly, promoting widespread addiction to liquor made indigenous populations reliant on the colonists, just as junkies rely on drug dealers. Again, see also: opium in China, and two Opium Wars resisting it.  

What did natives have that colonists wanted? Ivory, food, furs, ivory, exotic ostrich feathers, rubber, ivory... the land and the minerals in it, and everything living on it. Also: ivory. And finally, the natives themselves were commodities: as labor or slaves.

If you’re a European trader & the locals trade ivory or furs for (say) your iron kettle, the entire village can use that for 20 years. Blankets might last 5 years before they need to trade with you again. There’s little demand for your wares. Or you. But if you can hook the community on booze that ONLY YOU supply, they’ll have to come back to you all. the. time. Now you’re indispensable. Addiction is self-renewing demand. Becoming the sole drug dealer to a community of addicts is ridiculously profitable. Need proof? Riddle me this: What was the first factory on the continent of Africa? Of course, Africa is rich in every resource imaginable: minerals, gems, ivory, rubber, oil, cocoa, fruit and timber that could be processed into goods.  

Here it is. In 1881, the Dutch Transvaal government granted a monopoly on distilled brandy to the Hatherley Distillery near Pretoria. The company was called “De Eerste Fabriken”--the First Factory. It wasn't first because the white settlers drank it. They largely didn’t.

Instead, with the discovery of gold & diamonds, white mine-owners needed black labor. They lured workers to the mines with promises of liquor, knowing if they had large booze debts to pay back, tribesmen would have to work longer, rather than returning to their village.  

(South African Breweries--today the world’s largest brewer--was founded soon thereafter to provide British-style beer to a white clientele, while the cheap liquor from Hatherley was reserved for indenturing black workers.)  

Consequently, every native leader worth his salt was a prohibitionist--defending his people against the “white man’s wicked water.” King Moshoeshoe in Lesotho. Chief Waterboer in Griqualand. Tembu headman Mankai Renga & hundreds more. In Africa as around the globe, temperance and prohibitionism became the banner for subaltern sovereignty against the white colonial junkiemaker.

Which brings us back to Botswana. Or Bechuanaland, as it was then known. It had long been ruled by tribal chiefs, led by Bamangwato King Khama III ("the Great"), who’d allied with the British against the Dutch Boers.

Three months after ascending the throne in 1873, he informed all white traders on his territory that trading liquor w/ his people was now prohibited. “If, when you give one another a drink, you turn around and give it to my people also, I shall regard you as blameworthy.”  Europeans scoffed & kept selling--until Khama expelled them all: “I am black and am chief of my own country. When you white men rule then you will do as you like. At present I rule, and I shall maintain my laws which you insult and despise.” Prohibition was sovereignty.   “There are 3 things which distress me—war, selling people, and drink,” Khama wrote the British in 1876, asking the Queen’s protection. “All these I shall find in the Boers.”

By 1884, Bechuanaland was British protectorate, respecting Khama’s prohibition.   Meanwhile the 1890s, Britain’s Cape Colony was dominated by the notorious Cecil Rhodes: founder of the De Beers diamond syndicate, quintessential imperialist and unapologetic white supremacist.

“I contend that we are the finest race in the world and that the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race,” Rhodes wrote. “Africa is still lying ready for us--it is our duty to take it.”   In 1889, Rhodes organized his mining interests into the chartered British South Africa Company (BSAC), which had its own government and army. In 1890, he also became Prime Minister of the Cape Colony.   In the First Matabele War (1893-94), 750 BSAC “police” with machine guns killed over 10,000 Matabele spearmen, bringing Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) under Company control. Khama’s Tswana tribesmen served on the side of the Company.

According to BSAC shareholder reports, one of the first items of business wherever the Company set-up control was to farm-out the liquor trade to white settlers. Profits are profits, regardless of prohibition promises.   Rhodes famously dreamed of building a trans-African railroad connecting Cape Town to Cairo... which meant taking Bechuanaland, even though Khama was regaled as a loyal British ally.

From 1892-95, the conniving Rhodes used every administrative trick possible to place Khama’s Bechuanaland Protectorate under the sovereignty of the Company, but was stymied either by Khama or the Colonial Office in London.   By 1895, Khama had enough. Together w/ fellow chiefs Bathoen and Sebele, he voyaged to London to petition Queen Victoria’s government to keep Bechuanaland out of Rhodes’ grasp.

“The two points on which the natives seem to be apprehensive,” the Imperial Secretary in Cape Town telegraphed London, “are the questions of land and liquor.”   The 3 kings arrived in September 1895, and were supposed to meet with Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain. But he--like the rest of the Queen’s government--had left for their annual vacations until November.   “I have for years tried to abolish the use of strong liquors in my country, and prevent the importation of European drinks,” Khama told the London press, lamenting that his efforts “should be hampered by agitation in my country and outside it.”   While awaiting for an audience with Chamberlain or Queen Victoria, Khama, Sebele and Bathoen toured the width and breadth of the British Isles, winning British public opinion to the side of their temperance and sovereignty. 

The Review of Reviews reprinted Khama’s plea that “you, O British people, will not paralyse my efforts by compelling me to submit to the invasion of my country by the trader with his poisonous liquors.”   If Britain were to ignore Khama’s calls for help, the papers editorialized, then the British people “should stand condemned as the most God-forsaken set of canting hypocrites on the whole round earth.”   Following the kings‘ temperance visits, a flood of popular petitions inundated the Colonial Office from across the country, strenuously opposing giving Bechuanaland over to Rhodes‘ Company.   Prior to the meeting, the kings plead their case to Chamberlain: “We fear the Company because we think they will take our land and sell it to others. We fear that they will fill our country with liquor shops, as they have Bulawayo.”

The kings offered concessions and the payment of additional poll taxes, if London would only delay the inevitable annexation by Rhodes’ Company by 10 years. “Do not let them bring liquor into our country to kill our people speedily.” 

On Nov. 6, 1895, Chamberlain finally met with the chiefs to dictate terms. The chiefs would pay a hut tax and sacrifice a strip of land for Rhodes‘ railway in exchange for maintaining their sovereignty as a protectorate.   “White man’s strong drink shall not be brought for sale into the country, and those who attempt to deal in it or give it away to black men will be punished. No new liquor license shall be issued, and no existing liquor license shall be renewed,” Chamberlain declared. 

Weeks later, Chamberlain escorted the Chiefs to Windsor castle for an audience with “the Great White Queen” herself, Queen Victoria, who confirmed the arrangements that Chamberlain had made.   “The sale of strong drink shall be prohibited in your country &those who attempt to supply it shall be severely punished,” the Queen declared. “I feel strongly in this matter, & am glad to see that the chiefs have determined to keep so great a curse from the people.”   Pleased, though unaware of British protocols, Sebele told the press: “Her Majesty if a very charming old lady... But I had no idea that she was so short and stout... I shall go back home contented.” They did.   Far less pleased was Cecil Rhodes, who telegraphed London: “I do object to being beaten by three canting natives especially on the score of temperance.”

And then: “IT IS HUMILIATING TO BE UTTERLY BEATEN BY THESE NI***RS.” 

Bechuanaland’s stay of execution may have been short lived, were it not for what happened next. Upon returning to Bechuanaland, Khama met Sir Leander Starr Jameson, who was leading a BSAC military force.  Jameson’s orders were to instigate an insurrection across the border in the Dutch Transvaal, whipping-up British sympathizers and lead to an all-out British invasion to topple the rival Dutch Boers.  But in a crowning irony, Jameson’s Raid was doomed by liquor. To take the Dutch by surprise, the British would cut the telegraph lines so Boer outposts couldn’t sound the alarm of invasion.  Instead of cutting the telegraph lines, a drunken British soldier instead cut a farmer’s wire fence. The Dutch anticipated and tracked the whole raid, ambushed and decimated the attackers & imprisoned Rhodes’ brother Frank.

London condemned Rhodes‘ reckless adventurism, forcing him to step down from the BSAC in disgrace. The imperial threat to Bechuanaland’s sovereignty and sobriety was over.  The British honored Khama’s prohibition & sovereignty right through Botswana’s independence in 1966. Today the bronze Three Dikgosi Monument honoring Khama, Bathoen & Sebele is the most visited destination in the 🇧🇼 capital of Gaborone.

Were it not for their 1895 temperance mission to Britain, what is today Botswana would’ve long been absorbed into either Britain’s Cape Colony (now South Africa) or Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)--much to their people’s detriment--instead of becoming its own independent country.   Without prohibition, there’d be no Botswana. And in honor of their Founding Fathers, Botswana emblazoned the picture of the chiefs‘ 1895 temperance mission to London on their 100 Pula note.

HEY! If you liked this liquor-politics thread, may I humbly suggest checking-out my new “Smashing the Liquor Machine: A Global History of Prohibition” book, which contains literally dozens of them. 

[lifeofkaze]

Selene Fraser

Sole heiress to the Scottish family of Fraser, Selene grew up hidden away from the evils of the world by her parents. She arrived at Hogwarts as a well-behaved, silent little girl, but once she broke free from her constraints, there was no stopping her desire to be free. She made it her mission to see as many wonders of the world as she could, researching dark magic and cursed objects after school, returning to her ancestral home in the Highlands with a thousand stories to tell and a secret about to change everything she knew. Who the father of her daughter is, she never told and decided never to let herself be chained down by another man ever again. Growing accustomed to her new way of living eventually, Selene poured all her energy and passion into leading the family’s Whiskey distillery to unknown greatness.

Name: Selene Elizabeth Fraser 

Nicknames: Close friends refer to her as Selly, sometimes Sels

Birthday: 14th April 1881

Nationality: Scottish

Sexuality: Heterosexual

Residence: 

Her parents’ townhouse in Edinburgh, Scotland

Fraser Hall, Scottish Highlands

Face Claim: Felicity Jones

PERSONAL:

Appearance:

Measures: 160 cm, 55 kg as an adult

Build: Small, wiry

Hair: Dark brown, long, she prefers to keep it unrestrained but will settle for simple (yet messily done) styles when required

Eyes: Green

Skin: Pale, wishes she had freckles

Style: Hates anything that makes her feel restricted in any sort of way, finds it thoroughly unfair men get to enjoy the comfortable clothes (and an abundance of pockets), which she rectifies as an adult running her own business

Misc: none

Character: 

Positive Traits: Creative, energetic, unconventional thinker, fun, passionate, independent, competitive

Negative Traits: Loud, trouble identifying boundaries, easily bored, temperamental, stubborn 

Favourite Food: Raspberry Cranachan

Favourite Drink: Raspberry juice, Fraser Whiskey Christmas blend

Interests: Quidditch, exploring, travel, poetry, duelling, astrology (badly), singing (even more badly)

Boggart: A golden stag

Patronus: Highland pony (as a child), mustang (as an adult)

Amortentia:

What she smells like: Raspberries, bell heathers, Scotch

What she smells: Oakwood, cherries, sea breeze

HOGWARTS:

House: Gryffindor

Extracurriculars: Quidditch House team (Seeker, middle of Y2 - Y7), duelling club, S.W.S.W.S. (Society for Witches in Support of Women’s Suffrage, for all the few meetings it existed) 

Best Class: Defence Against the Dark Arts, Divination (awful, but her favourite)

Worst Class: Transfiguration

Third-Year Electives: Ancient Runes, Divination, Muggle Studies

CAREER:

1892 - 1899: Hogwarts School for Witchcraft and Wizardry

1899 - 1906: Researching ancient magic and curses as freelance Curse-Breaker

1906 - 1966: Head of Fraser Whiskey Co.

1966 - 1998: Semi-retired, advisory function to her granddaughter and successor Lexie Jameson, publishing of her gathered research material on the Dark Arts with The Frog Prints

RELATIONSHIPS:

Family:

Gordon & Lucretia Fraser: Being kept mostly under lock and key, it took Selene’s admittance to Hogwarts to understand how stifling her parents’ upbringing had been. She doesn’t relate to their views of the world, blood purity and society, and once she’s older, she isn’t afraid to say so either. She has ensured that neither of her parents gets to have anything to do with her or her daughter Caitlin.

Angus & Elizabeth Fraser: The one condition Angus had for dismissing his son Gordon from family duties was that Selene would be sent to Fraser Hall for a set period of time each year. Selene loves her grandparents ardently. When she returns from her travels, Angus hands over the distillery and his spot as the head of the family to Selly. 

Mortimer Fraser: Uncle Mortimer’s constant challenging of her parents’ ideas of morality left a deep impression on Selene. Despite both brothers loving her deeply, Mortimer was more of a father figure to Selene than her actual father ever was. He and his unconventional way of living showed her that it was alright to be uncomfortable with the values you were brought up with.

Caitlin Fraser: It took Selene a long time to accept her new life as a mother, but less than a blink of an eye to know she’d defend her daughter from anything ill coming her way until her dying breath. Unfortunately, Selene and Caitlin are very similar in terms of stubbornness and not at all in terms of ideals. They became estranged and could only slowly reconnect very late into Selene’s life.

Romantic History: Eliot Gerard (@kc-and-co)

Not sharing each and every class with her friend Ethel anymore in their sixth year was hard for Selene, but it also was a great opportunity to make new friends. One of these was Eliot Gerard. It wasn’t long until they bonded, Selene admiring his dedication to his work and dry humour and Eliot falling hard for her free and independent spirit. Their courtship was passionate but short-lived, and their subsequent break-up a chaotic mess.

It looked like their love was given a second chance when they were assigned to the same project in Egypt as Curse-Breaker and Healer, respectively. But as Selene had to learn the hard way, some things just aren’t meant to be.

Friends:

Ethel Hexley: @the-al-chemist Word in Hogwarts is that there are the twins and that sometimes, Jim Hexley is allowed to come as well. Selene and Ethel aren’t just friends or sisters - they’re part of the same loud, irritating entity with a bond so deep that nothing, not even life, can shake it.

Henry Lovecraft: One beautiful day, Selene decided Henry was her friend, and that was the decision made. She didn’t ask Henry about the matter but rather informed him about it. He tried fighting it at first but soon found giving up and tuning her out was less of a bother than arguing with her, but eventually, the loud and obnoxious Gryffindor grew on him. They became colleagues after school until the fateful assignment in Egypt. Aside from Ethel, Henry is the only living (and later non-living) person to know about the identity of Caitlin’s father.

Victoria Summer, Lottie Gallagher, Winona Rosewood: @whatwouldvalerydo @slytherindisaster @usernoneexistent The girls in her dorm are family away from home - sometimes even more so than her actual family. Selene misses them dearly during school breaks and can’t wait for late-night giggles and catch-ups with her favourite people once they all get back together.

Oliver Gerard: @kc-and-co One year her senior and captain of her Quidditch team, winding up Oli is one of Selene’s favourite pastimes - that and betting on which female member of the student body the notoriously romantic Gryffindor is going to try and woo next. Selene’s failed relationship with Oli’s brother Eliot somewhat put a temporary dent in their friendship, but that’s nothing a little time and determination can’t fix.   

Reuben Willows: @that-scouse-wizard Reuben might just about be the biggest person Selene has ever met, and she won’t get tired of asking him to lift her up with one hand, despite how many times he’s already said no in the past. Once Reuben takes over the Llewelyn Dragon Sanctuary, he and Selene strike a lucrative business deal. Their dragonflame-brewed Dragon’s Breath Whiskey remains a classic to this day. 

Alan, the Ferret: What started as rescuing a perfectly innocent animal from being repeatedly transformed into a feather duster soon became the most meaningful friendship (bar Ethel, of course) of Selene’s life. Alan held such a great love for Selene in his little heart that - after he met his demise at the bottom of a whiskey barrel - he returned to Fraser Hall as a ghost, where he happily haunts to this very day.

Rivals:

Fred Lavigne: @slytherindisaster Fred and Eliot Gerard were fast friends and study partners when Selene and Eliot met. Selene didn’t take kindly to having to take a backseat when it came to Eliot and his study dates with Fred, however, and even if he wasn’t the reason for their breakup, Fred at least contributed to it.

Ema McGilliguddy: @kc-and-co Selene enjoys a good challenge, and Ema certainly provides her with one. Both being top of their class in Defence Against the Dark Arts, the sheer thought of beating Ema to number one makes Selene work harder than she had ever thought possible or enjoyable.

Pets:

Alan, the Ferret: see above

Morag, the barn cat: Selene found this hissy but beautiful fellow roaming the grounds around Fraser Hall and decided to give him a permanent home. The big grey cat lived in the stables for a long time, only making his way inside the house after a long time and a big thunderstorm. Among his many descendants is Mouse, the cat belonging to Selene’s great-granddaughter Lizzie Jameson. 

Isla & Mary: two magnificent highland cows gifted to Selene by her dearest Ethel (who will form a legacy of their own)

Mnemosyne: small barn owl, formerly belonging to Henry Lovecraft, adopted after his death

Helios: a tawny owl with an attitude, mostly used for business purposes 

[arsenicetvieillesenseignes]

Buvez Monéger. Le Goudron Extra Monéger provient de la distillerie François Monéger fondée en 1881 à Egletons (Corrèze). Le Goudron Monéger était une liqueur alcoolisée à base de goudron, réputée bonne pour les poumons. La pub disait : "Buvez Monéger, un apéritif tonique, l'ami du poumon." Ou encore : "Demandez un Monéger ; sec, à l'eau, en grog, au lait ; le plus sain, le plus agréable des apéritifs au Goudron." Tout comme Joseph Dubonnet qui a élaboré en 1846 sa boisson à base de vin et de quinine pour lutter contre le paludisme, François Monéger luttait pour le bien des poumons ! C'était le temps de l'alcool vendu comme remède ; ces deux apéritifs étant plus appréciés pour leurs qualités "thérapeutiques" que pour leurs qualités gustatives. 😉

Saint-Angel, Corrèze.

[jimrichardsonng]

Scotland Fix of the Day: Bunnabhain distillery on the northeast coast of the Isle of Islay, one of the islands distinctive peat-laden whiskies that fans adore and others disdain. Sea air inevitably creeps into the casks over the years, lending seaside notes to the flavor, one of the ways whiskies reflect their territorial roots. (If the name confounds you try this: boo-nuh-HAV-inn.) As is common the village and the distillery are one and the same, built in 1881 to house the distillery workers, at a time when it took a fair workforce, now much diminished. Distillery workers today are patient when visiting photographers (like me) want a picture of moving casks around the warehouse. Of course the warehouse is a favorite photo location, as much for the "Angel's Share" as for the views. 📷 Technical Tip: The trick of reflections is getting the camera down low, close to the water. And I mean really low. In this case the bottom of my camera was actually sitting in the water. The other trick is that the reflection will always be dimmer than the subject. In this case I used a 2-stop soft neutral-density grad filter to tone down the upper part of the image so that the subject and the reflections came into a closer tonal relationship. #scotland #whisky #bunnahabhain #islay #bestofscotland #hiddenscotland #thehighlandcollective #scotland_highlights #photosofbritain. #drivescotland #ig_scotland #visitscotland. #scotlandgreatshots #scotlandmagazine #highlands #scottishhighlands #scotland_greatshots #scenicbritain #uk_greatshots #igersscotland #scotland_lover #lovescotland #unlimitedscotland #scotlandgreatshots #scotlandtrip #scotlandtravel #scotlandtrip #scotlandthebigpicture — view on Instagram https://ift.tt/3uJizeH

[firewaterxo]

Hey guys! How's it going?🙂. . It's Friday, finally, and for some of us this is going to be a 4 day weekend, for others like myself that will happen next weekend. But be that as it may, this will be the first Easter in isolation. So for entertainment we have the Bunna 12yo, the full size this time 😉. . Bunnahabhain Distillery opens its doors in 1881 and timidly begins producing premium whisky, specific to the Islay area. The assortments are now also traditionally made from malted barley, pure water extracted from the Margadale spring and a bit of ferment. The single malt was relaunched in 2010 with a different form of presentation, to introduce the new approach, where the assortment is non chill-filtered. Bunnahabhain 12 years is a complex whisky, with personality, which does not need too much introduction, because, or so the producers say, its qualities speak for itself. . Here is my review:. . Nose: Fresh and harmonious notes of fruit, caramel, vanilla and malt, enveloped by smoke accents. . Palate: Rich aromas of juicy fruits, freshly crushed walnuts, raisins and sweet malt notes, complemented by salty tones. . Finish: Persistent, aromatic, slightly salty. . Color: Amber gold. . This is a very good Islay whisky, very good to get into Bunnahabhain and Islay whisky 😉. . Cheers guys! 🥃✨🥃 Have a great weekend! And for those of you that are celebrating Easter, happy Easter!🐇🐣🥚🙏. . #bunnahabhain #bunnahabhainwhisky #scotland #cigar #cubancigars #havanacigars #bunnahabhain12 #huppmancigars #whisky #whiskey #scotch #shotoniphone #instawhisky #firewaterxo #scotchwhisky #whiskyporn #whiskygram #whiskybar #bottle #whiskylove #bunnahabhain12 #scotchwhisky #cheers #islaywhisky #islaymalt #botl #sotl #friday #weekend #weekendvibes #easter (at Cluj-Napoca) https://www.instagram.com/p/B-zk6mfnJ5A/?igshid=ymprz1ayx26n

[brian-in-finance]

Instagram

14 July 2024

Remember… we will kick things off with a large gin and tonic to welcome you, followed by an extensive tour around our very own distillery. You’ll get to see exactly what happens behind the scenes at every step of the gin distilling process. — 1181 Distillery

[handeaux]

Cincinnati’s Gas Company Blocked Natural Gas For Decades

If you live in one of Cincinnati’s many well-preserved houses dating from the 1800s, gas fixtures are probably part of your décor. From the 1840s until electric service saturated the area in the 1920s, gas provided most household lighting in Cincinnati. Natural gas still heats the majority of Cincinnati homes and natural gas cooks a lot of Cincinnati meals.

Well into the 1900s, however, Cincinnati’s gas lines did not distribute natural gas. The Cincinnati Gas, Light & Coke Company manufactured its own gas, and it was this so-called “town gas,” also known as “coal gas,” that was piped into Cincinnati homes.

Town gas is manufactured by heating coal in a vacuum. As it is heated, coal gives off a volatile mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and ethylene. By contrast, natural gas is mostly methane. Once the “calorific” or heat-producing gases are cooked out of the coal, the resulting carbon becomes coke – a high-quality fuel used in steel smelting and other industries.

Between 1841 and 1909, the Cincinnati gas company manufactured town gas at a plant located on the bank of the Ohio River in the West End. From there, this manufactured gas was pumped to consumers throughout the city. Manufacturing gas was costly, and those costs were passed along to the customers at a tidy profit. Protecting this tidy profit for the benefit of his stockholders was the president of the Cincinnati Gas, Light and Coke Company, Andrew Hickenlooper.

“Andy,” as he was known, came up as an engineer. He served with distinction as an artillery officer during the Civil War and became vice president of the Cincinnati utility in 1873 and president in 1877. He was known as a tough customer. According to Charles Greve’s 1904 history of Cincinnati:

“General Hickenlooper's connection with the Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company covered a period of 31 years, during which time he became as well known for his stubborn resistance to the onslaughts of trade adversaries as he had formerly been on the field of battle before the enemy's guns. To mention but one of the historic battles which General Hickenlooper fought and won, that may be recalled in which he engaged when a dominant political faction had a franchise passed to pipe natural gas from West Virginia to Cincinnati.”

Hickelooper put the kibosh to that in 1889. Throughout his early years at the helm, the petroleum industry really took off in the United States and refiners began wondering what to do with all the natural gas they found along with crude oil. It was also around this time that Cincinnati residents began finding natural gas deposits right here in Cincinnati. As early as 1870, Timothy Kirby discovered a natural gas reservoir beneath Cumminsville. The Fleischmann Distillery near Sedamsville struck gas in 1880 and recovered enough to illuminate the factory. In 1881, a well in the West End produced commercial quantities of natural gas, as did one in Lawrenceburg.

General Hickenlooper did not like natural gas because it would doom one of his two product lines. He bought cheap coal, processed it to make coke, then sold the coke and also sold the town gas by-product. If the city switched to natural gas, he could still make coke, but what could he do with all that leftover town gas?

It wasn’t just natural gas that rankled Andy Hickenlooper. Electric lights just didn’t sit well with him, either. On 7 March 1889, General Hickenlooper wrote a letter to A.R. Foote, president of the United Electric Light Company, one of many infant electric companies competing in Cincinnati. Foote published the letter in his book, “Economic Value of Electric Light and Power”:

“While I do not feel that the electric light is a serious competitor with gas, it has some special uses and advantages; and my idea is, that if the citizens of our city, for any reason, even an imaginary one, desire that character of light, it is but just to them that we should supply it in the best possible shape and at the lowest possible rates.”

While no one actually claimed Andrew Hickenlooper would allow natural gas into Cincinnati over his dead body, that’s the way it worked out. General Hickenlooper died in 1904. Among his final acts was to buy up or shut down the swarms of electric companies competing for customers in Cincinnati. Once he secured a monopoly, in 1901, Hickenlooper changed the name of his company to the Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company. Notice that “Gas” still placed first and natural gas was still not allowed in Cincinnati.

By 1907, Kentucky’s Union Gas & Electric Company had begun pumping natural gas into some Cincinnati neighborhoods, particularly Norwood and Avondale. Rumor had it that Cincinnati Gas & Electric allowed this because they expected service to be so poor and intermittent it would turn public opinion against natural gas. CG&E eagerly provided Cincinnati’s newspapers with reports of natural gas explosions throughout the U.S.in an attempt to convince the public that natural gas was somehow more explosive than town gas.

Finally, in 1909, the Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company surrendered. A 20-inch natural gas pipeline, 183 miles long, brought a substantial natural gas supply from West Virginia, right into the heart of the Queen City. To celebrate the occasion, a giant “flambeau” – a gas-fired torch – shooting a 75-foot flame, was ignited on the Ohio River bank at the foot of Greenup Street in Covington.

The immediate effect of the new gas supply was a dramatic drop in everyone’s utility bills. While town gas had been selling for 75 cents per thousand cubic feet, the new natural gas supply was offered at just 30 cents per thousand feet. According to the Cincinnati Post [1 July 1909]:

“You needn’t take semi-cold baths any more, for a 90-degree bath will cost you only about 1 cent. Natural gas is nearly as cheap as water.”

All those gas fixtures in your pre-1900 house? They all needed adjustment as the switch from town gas to natural gas took place. According to the Enquirer [1 July 1909]:

“Consumers of gas will have more or less trouble with their burning devices for a time, but as soon as the burners are adjusted to the new gas, which needs plenty of air and reduced pressure, the householder will be happy again. There is no way to tell at exactly what time the natural gas will reach any particular part of the city. That depends upon the consumption in that part. The artificial gas will be forced out of the pipes by the natural gas. As these two gases will not mix, the natural gas will force the other before it.”

Although it was not manufactured or used in Cincinnati, some cities in the pre-natural gas era lit their streets and houses with something called “water gas,” generated when steam is passed over burning coke. “Water gas” was mostly carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It was deadly to breathe and killed quite a few customers in those cities that adopted it.

General Andrew Hickenlooper (from “Notable Men of Cincinnati” 1904)

[life-of-architecture]

Kraków ul. św. Anny 2 / Wiślna 1 XVI-wieczna Kamienica Czeczotki odbija XVII-wieczny Pałac pod Baranami foto z 12 lipca 2017

Zbudowana w latach 1564-1567, na murach starszych budynków, przez Gabriela Słońskiego dla Erazma Czeczotki-Tłokińskiego, krakowskiego burmistrza, zwanego Krwawym. Niesławnego Czeczotkę i jego krakowską rezydencję opisuje Mariusz Wollny w powieści historycznej Kacper Ryx.

Kolejnymi właścicielami byli między innymi podkanclerzy koronny Stanisław Miński, miecznik koronny i starosta chęciński Stanisław z Ruszczy Branicki oraz kasztelanowa krakowska Teofila z Tarłów Ostrogska. Pod koniec XVIII kamienica trafiła w ręce Jakuba Wodzickiego, po czym przez następne stulecie była wspólną własnością hrabiów Wodzickich herbu Leliwa i Mycielskich herbu Dołęga. Część pomieszczeń wynajmowali przedsiębiorcom. Tak w 1873 r. reklamował się sklep odzieżowy:

...a tak w 1874 r. kupiec winny:

W drugiej połowie XIX w. lokatorem domu był także lekarz August Kwaśnicki.

W 1897 r. kamienicę zwaną już wtedy Pałacem Wodzickich nabył kupiec Ignacy Rajal, po czym, po przebudowie według projektu Karola Scharocha, otworzył na parterze centrum handlowe. Tak reklamował się w 1913 r.

Pierwsze piętro zajmowała otwarta w 1900 r. kawiarnia Secesya, wkrótce miejsce przemian obyczajowych. Pisał o niej Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński: Nie pamiętam dokładnie, kiedy zaczęła się do kawiarni inwazja kobiet. Zdaje mi się, że to było w Secesji (róg Rynku i św. Anny), z jej tandetnym szykiem, muzyczką i w ogóle wiedeńskim stylem. Tam zaczęły chodzić rodziny i w ogóle damy. (Znasz-li ten kraj?..., 1932) Zmieniali się jej właściciele, ale sama kawiarnia trwała przez cztery dekady. Oto jej reklamy z lat 1900, 1907, 1910 i 1912.

W latach 1908-1939 działał tutaj Instytut Muzyczny i połączona z nim Krakowska Szkoła Dramatyczna. Nauczycielami byli m.in.: Stanisława Abłamowicz-Meyerowa (matka kompozytora Krzysztofa Meyera), Aleksander Bandrowski, Adolf Billig, Franciszek Bylicki, Józefina 'Carnioli' Zapałkiewicz, Klara Czop-Umlauf, Kazimierz Gabryelski, Zdzisław Jachimecki, Cezary Jellenta, Wilhelm Mantel, Włodzimierz Miarczyński, Bolesław Raczyński, Konrad Rakowski, Józef Reiss, Bernardino Rizzi (założyciel Chóru Cecylia��skiego), Lucjan Rydel, Paulina Szalitówna, Michał Świerzyński, Włodzimierz Tetmajer, Ignacy Warmuth, Stanisława Wysocka. Tak Instytut ogłaszał się w 1913 r.

Kamienica mieściła także inne przedsiębiorstwa. Sklep delikatesowy i restauracja Józefa Kuczmierczyka przetrwały tam co najmniej trzydzieści lat. Reklama z 1908 r.

Równie długo działał sklep galanteryjny Franciszka Lubańskiego. Reklama z 1908 r.

...sprzedający nie tylko rękawiczki. Reklama z 1910 r.

Sklep firmowy Gazowni Miejskiej; reklama z 1905 r.

Destylarnia alkoholi założona w 1881 r.; reklama z 1904 r.

Na początku XX w. lokatorami kamienicy byli także neurolog Mieczysław Nartowski oraz sędzia Zygmunt Tałasiewicz, honorowy obywatel Strzyżowa.

Ostatnią wielką przebudowę kamienica przeszła w 1936 r. według projektu Adolfa Szyszki-Bohusza; zyskała wtedy drugie piętro. Po wojnie przez kolejne pół wieku działał tutaj Dom Handlowy Krakus. Tak ogłaszał się w 1970...

...i 1975 r.

><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><

Kraków, Poland 2 św. Anny St. / 1 Wiślna St. 16th c. Czeczotka House reflecting the 17th c. Pod Baranami Palace taken on 12 July 2017

Built in 1564-1567, on the remains of older houses, by Gabriel Słoński for Erazm Czeczotka-Tłokiński, a Mayor of Kraków, called Bloody. The infamous Mayor and his home residence was described in a historical novel Kacper Ryx by Mariusz Wollny.

Among the next owners were Deputy Chancellor of the Crown Stanisław Miński, Sword-Bearer of the Crown Stanisław Branicki of Ruszcza, and Castellan of Kraków's wife Teofila Ostrogska née Tarło. In the end of 18th c. the house became a property of Jakub Wodzicki and for another century it was jointly owned by the counts Wodzicki of the Leliwa coat of arms and the counts Mycielski of the Dołęga coat of arms. They used to rent some of the rooms for various businesses. First picture in the text above (Adam Lipczyński) is an ad of a men's clothing store from 1873. The next one (handel win) is a vine shop in 1874. One of tenants in the second half of 19th c. was also August Kwaśnicki, physician.

Ignacy Rajal, merchant, bought the house - called Wodzicki Palace by then - in 1897. After remodelling by design of Karol Scharoch, he opened a department store on the ground floor. The third picture is an ad of Rajal's store from 1913. The first floor was taken by a café named Secesja (Polish name of the Art Nouveau style), opened in 1900 and active for next four decades. Soon the café became a place of social changes. Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński wrote about it in his memoirs: I don't remember when exactly the invasion of women on coffeehouses started. I think it was in the Secesja (corner of the Main Square and Saint Anne St.) with its tawdry chic, music and overall Viennese style. Families and in general ladies started attending it. (Dost know the land?…, 1932) The series of four pictures are the Secesja's ads from respectively 1900, 1907, 1910 and 1912.

Institute of Music and the Kraków School of Drama worked here in 1908-1939. some of the teachers were: Stanisława Abłamowicz-Meyerowa (mother of composer Krzysztof Meyer), Aleksander Bandrowski, Adolf Billig, Franciszek Bylicki, Józefina 'Carnioli' Zapałkiewicz, Klara Czop-Umlauf, Kazimierz Gabryelski, Zdzisław Jachimecki, Cezary Jellenta, Wilhelm Mantel, Włodzimierz Miarczyński, Bolesław Raczyński, Konrad Rakowski, Józef Reiss, Bernardino Rizzi (the founder of the Cecilian Choir in Kraków), Lucjan Rydel, Paula Szalit, Michał Świerzyński, Włodzimierz Tetmajer, Ignacy Warmuth, Stanisława Wysocka. Next picture is the both schools' ad from 1913. The address was shared by even more businesses. Next ads belonged to a grocery&restaurant (Józef Kuczmierczyk, 1908), a haberdasher shop (Lubański, 1908 and 1910), the City gaswork's retail store (Gazownia Miejska, 1905) and an alcohol distillery (Edward[a] Urban[a], 1904). Mieczysław Nartowski, neurologist, and Zygmunt Tałasiewicz, a judge and a honorary citizen of the town of Strzyżów, lived here in the beginning of 20th c.

The house underwent the last significant remodelling in 1936, by design of Adolf Szyszko-Bohusz, acquiring a second (American third) storey. After the World War II, for another half a century it housed the Krakus Department Store. The last two pictures are its announcements from respectively 1970 and 1975.

[nicomdistillery09]

An Overview Of The Nicom Distillery's History

Nicom Distillery is a distillery located in the city of Liberia, West Africa. The distillery was founded in 1881 and produces a variety of spirits, including gin, whiskey, beer, and wine. Nicom Distillery is an African distillery that produces whisky under the name of Glenlivet. The distillery was founded in 1892 and is located in the town of Strathspey, Perthshire, Scotland. The distillery produces single malt whisky, blended whisky, and whiskies made with peat moss.

The distillery was founded in 1872 by Cumhuriyetfamily member Hasan Nicom. It produces gin, vodka, kirsch, and other drinkables. Nicom Distillery is a whiskey distillery. The distillery was founded in 1872 and produces whiskies made from corn, rye, and other grains. The company has since been renamed to the Nicom Distillery Company Limited.

The distillery produces whiskies from corn, barley, potatoes, and rye. The most popular varieties of Nicom Distillery whisky are its Cornish Whisky, featuring a sweet flavor profile; and its Highland Whisky, which has a fruity taste.

When you visit the Nicom Distillery, it feels like you’re in a time warp. The distillery was founded in 1868 and is still going strong today. It makes a range of whiskeys, vodka and mead products. You can also buy tickets to see their production line in action. Nicom Distillery is a key player in the Liberian distillery industry and is one of the most well-known brands in the region. Nicom has since become one of the leading distilleries in Liberia with a portfolio of indigenous and international brands.

Nicom Distillery is a distillery located in Liberia, West Africa. The distillery was founded in 1864 and produces craft whiskies under the name of "NICOM". The company has a production area of 175 square kilometers and employs around 100 people. NICOM whisky is available in both bottles and cans.

The Nicom Distillery, Liberia is one of the oldest distilleries in the country and has been responsible for producing some of the most famous spirits in Liberia. The distillery was first established in 1892 and produces various brands such as Gin Fizz, Tanqueray Gin and Pernod Ricard.

Nicom Distillery is believed to be the oldest distillery in Liberia and it has been in business for over 100 years. The Nicom Distillation process is still used today, making it one of the most reputable distilleries in Liberia. The distillery produces gin, whisky and vodka.

Nicom Distillery Liberia is one of the leading distilleries in Liberia. The company produces a range of spirits, including whiskey, rum, and vodka. These products are sold online and in local stores. Nicom is also responsible for making the country's first Gin, which is available in both brandy and juniper based liqueur formulations.

The Nicom Distillery Liberia is a bourbon whiskey distillery that produces world-renowned bourbon whiskey. The distillery was founded in 1822 and production has continued until today. The company produces a wide variety of whiskies, including rye, corn Whiskey, single malt Scotch whisky, Blanton's Gin, and bourbons.

Nicom Distillery Liberia, a distillery located in Monrovia, is known for its pronounced malts and smoothies. The company was founded by entrepreneurs Nicom and Olga who wanted to create a product that tempted people's taste buds. The distillery produces vodka, gin, whiskey and cask-conditioned rum.

Nicom Distillery Liberia is a key player in the resurgence of spirits in Liberia. The distillery has been producing whiskey, gin, rum and Cognac since 1892. The company has been expanding its production to meet the needs of the local market and international customers. In addition to its distillery and vodka production, Nicom also provides ready-to- drink products like whisky mixed drinks and sour mix.

Nicom Distillery Liberia is a key player in the development of spirits in Liberia. The distillery has been in business since 1892 and has produced many different types of spirit, including whiskey, bourbon, and rum. It is also home to the world’s second largest collection of rare bourbon whiskey.

The Nicom Distillery, Liberia produces an array of whiskeys that are enjoyed by locals and tourists alike. The distillery is located in the town of Monrovia and has been in operation for over a century. The distillery still employs traditional methods to produce its whiskeys, including Distiller’s Yeast and Grain.

In Liberia, the Nicom Distillery is a key player in the coffee and spirits industry. The distillery produces coffee beans, whiskey, rum, Gin, and other spirit products. The distillery was founded in 1892 by American entrepreneurs James Fenton and George Prentice. It has been a part of the same company since it was founded.

Nicom Distillery Liberia is a distillery in Liberia that produces gin and vodka. Nicom is the country's oldest distilled beverage company, founded in 1821. The distillery is part of the Suntory group, which also includes Asahi Brews and Sapporo Beverage.

[historybehindassassinscreed]

In Game:

John Elliotson was an English author, teacher and physician that worked at the Lambeth Asylum in London during the mid-19th century. He was also a member of the British Rite of the Templar Order.

In 1868, Elliotson, on the orders of Crawford Starrick, created a concoction that consisted of datura stramonium and opium. Dubbed Starrick's Soothing Syrup, it was marketed as a cure for all ailments and quickly spread across the city via distributors, rendering many of London's residents mentally weak and subservient. Elliotson also had batches of the tonic delivered to Lambeth Asylum, where he worked, so he could use it on the local patients.

However, that same year, Elliotson was informed that the Assassin Jacob Frye had destroyed the distillery where the Syrup was being made. Without a continuous supply of new tonic, the doctor was forced to restrict its use within the asylum. During a demonstration of trepanation to his students, Elliotson accidentally killed the subject, leading him to have another cadaver sent up from the morgue.

Unbeknownst to Elliotson, Jacob had taken the place of the body and was escorted right to the auditorium, where he assassinated the doctor. As he lay dying, Elliotson mocked the Assassin for thinking his death would prevent Starrick from realizing his designs for humanity and questioned whether Jacob had considered the consequences his actions might have.

Indeed, while Elliotson's elimination ensured production of the Syrup ceased permanently, thus cutting off one of Starrick's principal revenue streams, it also caused the asylum to close down. As well as this, medical care throughout the city was in disarray, as people turned to counterfeit tonics in the Syrup's absence. Meanwhile, genuine medicine was being stolen and sold to the highest bidders; thankfully, the situation would improve after Florence Nightingale began petitioning for regulations.

In Real Life:

John Elliotson was born on October 29th, 1791, Southwark, London.  After studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh, at the University of Cambridge, and in London hospitals, Elliotson taught at London University (now University College).

Professor Elliotson's application of "animal magnestism" scandalised the hospital medical committee. Rather than abandon his mesmerist techniques as instructed, however, he resigned his offices to pursue his mesmerist practice. Elliotson edited a mesmerist magazine, The Zoist. In 1849, he founded a mesmeric hospital. Elliotson was also founding member of the Phrenological Society (1838).

When the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal [quoted in the British Medical Surgical Journal (1846)] asserted that, compared to ether, mesmerism could perform "a thousand times greater wonders, and without any of the dangers", Elliotson heartily agreed. Mesmerism was undoubtedly useful in a minority of cases for minor surgery and perhaps the presence of a charismatic physician. Yet as the century wore on, most patients - and their surgeons - preferred to take their chances with anesthetics rather than any form of hypnosis.

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Elliotson was the physician of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens, John Forster, William Charles MacReady, Harriet Martineau, and William Makepeace Thackeray.

Elliotson continued to provide mesmeric demonstrations from his own residence at 37 Conduit Street, Hanover Square (which he eventually quit in 1865). In partnership with Engledue, he began publishing The Zoist in 1843, and, in 1849 founded the London Mesmeric Infirmary. As his reputation rapidly declined, his once lucrative practice also disappeared, and he died, penniless, in 1868 in the London home of a medical colleague, Edmond Sheppard Symes (1805-1881).

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elliotson

https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Elliotson

https://www.general-anaesthesia.com/people/john-elliotson.html

http://sueyounghistories.com/archives/2009/03/14/john-elliotson-1791-1868/