#13 November 1851

[scotianostra]

15th February 1817 saw the birth in Glasgow of Robert Angus Smith.

You may not have heard of him, or maybe you read about him in my previous post? Anyway we have all heard of acid rain, defined by National Geographic magazine thus: “Acid rain describes any form of precipitation that contains high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of dry material that settle to Earth.”

The words “acid rain” were coined as long ago as 1859 by Angus Smith, who seven years earlier had made the discovery that northern cities across Britain were suffering from rainfall that contained heavy pollutants that were the result of the burning of coal that was rich in sulphur. His research found that the worst-affected city was his home town of Glasgow.

Robert Angus Smith was born in Pollokshaws the seventh son and 12th child of John Smith, originally from Ayrshire, and his wife Janet, daughter of James Thomson who owned a mill at Strathaven in Lanarkshire.

His elder brother John was a big influence on Angus’s life. John eventually became a senior teacher at Perth Academy, and was himself a scientist who would research theories on colour and light. He encouraged his younger brother to read the works of Joseph Priestley, the pioneering English chemist, and Angus Smith was greatly influenced by Priestley’s writings.

He attended Glasgow University from the age of 13, apparently to prepare for a career in the Church of Scotland ministry, but he left without graduating and then became a tutor to families, first in Scotland and then in England. In 1839 he accompanied the Bridgeman family to Germany where he remained to study under the Professor Justus Liebeg, gaining his PhD in 1841.

On returning to England he took a post at Manchester Royal Institution as assistant to Lyon Playfair, an Indian-born Scot and a scientist and politician.

Playfair passed on his own interest in the sanitation of towns and cities to Angus Smith, who left the Institution to set up in business as an analytical chemist. As concern grew about pollution, his services were in demand, and in one famous experiment he waited until a crowded room had emptied then collected the residue on windows to prove that human breath exuded not just carbon dioxide but organic matter dangerous to health.

Smith once graphically described the effects of Manchester’s polluted atmosphere, in a letter to the Manchester Guardian published on November 2, 1844.

He wrote: “Coming in from the country last week on a beautiful morning, when the air was unusually clear and fresh, I was surprised to find Manchester was enjoying the atmosphere of a dark December day… Those who would defend such evils, who would remain careless as long as any probable cause is unremoved, must surely be devoid not only of mercy, but of clear perception and of good taste. The gloominess of uncleanness is everywhere around us.”

In 1851 he began the research that would make him the “father of acid rain” as he is often known. Smith proved that sulphur compounds in the air of towns and cities were the result of burning coal and coke transported in air and rainwater, and even as the industrial revolution was bringing more and more factories into being, Smith was arguing that manufacturers should be held responsible for their pollution.

He investigated poor housing and water quality, and published numerous papers that formed the basis of the developing science of environmental chemistry. One report on the problems of pollution for the Royal Mines Commission was particularly devastating in its scientific indictment of the polluters.

Smith was called as an expert witness in a court case over factory and mine pollution and his testimony was convincing. Consequently when the British Government decided to legislate – in the Alkali Act of 1863 – to try and cut pollution from mining and manufacturing, there was really only one man to turn to as the first chief of the alkali inspectorate and thus Smith spent much of the next two decades transforming attitudes to pollution.

In 1872 Smith published his Air and Rain, the beginnings of a Chemical Climatology, in which he collected the result of his experiments. It proved how ground-breaking his work had been.

With honorary degrees from both Glasgow and Edinburgh University, Angus Smith was honoured in his own lifetime. His health declined badly in his later years and he died at at Colwyn Bay, North Wales, on May 12, 1884, being buried in the churchyard of St Paul’s, Kersal, Manchester.

He was paid a most generous tribute in the first edition of Nature magazine following his death: “For upwards of 40 years he laboured unceasingly to show how chemistry might minister to the material comfort and physical well-being of men — not in the manufacture of new compounds useful in the arts, or in the establishment of new industries – but in raising the general standard of the health of communities by checking or counteracting the evils which have followed in the train of that enormous development of the manufacturing arts which is the boast of this century.

“In his true vocation, as the chemist of sanitary science, Smith worked alone, and we have yet to find the man on whom his mantle has fallen."

[rabbitcruiser]

The founding of Seattle is usually dated from the arrival of the Denny Party on November 13, 1851, at Alki Point.

[mc-lukanette]

MC-Lukanette’s “No Context November” 2022 Masterpost

` = ficlet

* = one-shot (or close to being a one-shot if a few paragraphs/a little more context were added)

^ = part of a larger AU/hypothetical story

{AO3 link for No Context November}

(Halloween bonus) * (3003 words) - Fit Like a Lover {Lukanette} [Halloween] [Costumes] [Confession] [Kiss]

Luka already feels lucky to be the first to see Marinette's costume for Halloween. Unbeknownst to him, however, there's just one thing she's missing...

Day 1 ` (624 words) - {Lukanette} [Sleepiness] [Cuddles]

Marinette tries to get home whilst the urge to sleep starts setting in. Luckily for her, she has someone looking out for her.

Day 2 ^ (1661 words) - {Lukanette} ["Silencer" divergence] [Drawing] [Confession]

Luka is having a creative session with Marinette when he notices something.

Day 3 ^ (1404 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Naga Luka Couffaine] [Courting] [Cuddling]

Marinette admires her naga friend Luka and reflects on the nature of their potential relationship.

Day 4 * (2604 words) - {Lukanette} [Light Fantasy Elements] [No Dialog] [Confession] [Kiss]

It takes a lot to put one's heart into a gift they make for another. How far would you go though, knowing that if it doesn't work out, that part of you is lost forever?

Day 5 ^ (1851 words) - {Lukanette} [Post-Dating] [Babysitting] ["Sandboy" kid]

Marinette and Luka babysit, and the child unintentionally brings another discussion to the forefront.

Day 6 ^ (2140 words) - {Coccaenette} [Ladybug Luka Couffaine (Coccaerus)] [Fluff] [First Meeting]

Coccaerus goes out at night to patrol and is reminded of why he does what he does.

Day 7 ^ (1507 words) - {Lukanette} ["Miraculous New York" divergence] [Confession] [Love Square Salt]

Luka meets up with Marinette after her brief trip to New York and notices immediately that something's different.

Day 8 * (4120 words) - {Lukanette} [Delivery AU] [Moments in Time] [Whirlwind Romance] [Roundabout Confession]

A bakery's delivery girl meets a pizza delivery boy.

Day 9 ^ (1168 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Rock Star Luka Couffaine] [Introvert Luka Couffaine] [Overstimulation]

Luka struggles after a concert and Marinette takes notice.

Day 10 ^ (1605 words) - {Lukanette} [Fantasy Elements] [Nonverbal Confession]

Marinette talks to Luka about a problem concerning her relationships as they stand, at least as her kwami has dictated them to be.

Day 11 ^ (1101 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Tension]

Marinette gets into a desperate situation and receives the best help she could've asked for.

Day 12 * (1885 words) - {Lukanette} [Long Distance Communication] [Realization of Feelings]

Luka departs from Paris. Marinette reflects on the physical distance between them compared to the emotional one, as well as how different both things really are.

Day 13 ^ (1219 words) - {LukaFairy} [Late Teens] [Fantasy] [First Meeting] [Fairy Marinette Dupain-Cheng]

Luka goes looking for flowers and finds something better.

Day 14 ^ (2271 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Performer Luka] [Remeeting] [Gifts]

Marinette tries to give Luka a surprise and Luka surprises her back.

Day 15 ^ (1845 words) - {Lukanette} [Childhood] [First Meeting] [Drawing]

Marinette is idling in the park when she spots a boy around her age.

Day 16 * (1520 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Talks of Marriage] [Love Square Salt]

Marinette pops a question to Luka before he can ask his own. He's just not expecting this particular question.

Day 17 ^ (1508 words) - {Lukanette} [Season 4 Divergence] [Bittersweet]

Luka tries to piece together the events that occur after his break-up with Marinette.

Day 18 ^ (1181 words) - {Vipernette/Viperbug Vibes} [Adulthood] [Vigilantes] [Identity Reveal]

Viperion awakens in a new location and at a new point in his relationship with Ladybug.

Day 19 * (1333 words) - {Lukanette} [Sickfic] [Silly] [Confession]

When Luka falls ill, Marinette does her best to ensure that he's at least in high spirits while recovering.

She succeeds, but not in the way she'd planned.

Day 20 ^ (870 words) - {Vipernette} [Fluff]

Viperion, who has visited Marinette multiple times over ever since she'd given him a gift, visits her with an emergency.

Day 21 ^ (2463 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Fantasy]

Luka and Marinette are hanging out when Marinette notices something concerning about his legs.

Day 22 * (2525 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Interviews] [Brief Love Square Salt] [Confession] [Kiss]

Luka had been determined to and had successfully kept his knowledge of Ladybug's identity a secret for years.

However, he catches sight of Ladybug on television one day and second-guesses whether he's been doing things right.

Day 23 ^ (2109 words) - {Lukanette} [Season 4 Divergence] [Lore Divergence] [Confession(s)]

Luka notices a recurring pattern when he's dreaming.

Day 24 ^ (2101 words) - {Lukanette} [Fantasy] [Voyager Couffaines] [Siren Marinette Dupain Cheng] [First Meeting]

After the Couffaines get into a bad situation, Luka wonders how they could've made it out without issue.

Day 25 * (4180 words) - {Lukanette} [Silly] [Confession] [Kiss]

Luka receives a call from Marinette about something that she needs helps with.

Being Luka, he goes without question and has no idea what shenanigans are in store for him.

Day 26 ^ (1445 words) - {Lukanette} [Adulthood] [Introspection] [Love Square Salt]

Luka and Marinette talk about the finer details of love and being in love, along with where it's brought them.

Day 27 ^ (1024 words) - {Lukanette} [Fluff] [Cooking]

Marinette has an enlightening conversation with Luka about cooking.

Day 28 * (1708 words) - {Lukanette} [Processing Emotions] [Confession] [Kisses]

Most people would focus on specific things after hearing that Paris was no longer in danger of akumatizations. They'd be glad that the unwelcome interruptions to their daily lives would cease, or that they'd no longer be at risk of having their emotions be taken advantage of (by a supervillain, at least), or that they wouldn't have to walk on eggshells due to the risk of being chased down by an evil, superpowered version of the person they offended.

Luka, however, just wants to know how Marinette is doing.

Day 29 ^ (1827 words) - {Lukanette} [Fate Seer Luka Couffaine] [Red String(s) of Fate] [First Meeting] [No Miraculouses AU]

Luka meets a cute girl who seeks his ability, and she might need all the help she can get.

Day 30 ^ (1868 words) - {Lukanette} [Rock Star Luka Couffaine] [Love Square Salt]

Luka receives a impromptu call from Marinette and they try to make up for lost time.

[northoftheroad]

I posted 386 times in 2022

148 posts created (38%)

238 posts reblogged (62%)

Blogs I reblogged the most:

@hood-ex

@iconuk01

@northoftheroad

@fantastic-nonsense

@batphobique

I tagged 368 of my posts in 2022

Only 5% of my posts had no tags

#dick grayson - 237 posts

#nightwing - 211 posts

#robin - 200 posts

#batman - 179 posts

#bruce wayne - 82 posts

#damian wayne - 34 posts

#dc comics - 33 posts

#jason todd - 26 posts

#tim drake - 18 posts

#31dod - 18 posts

Longest Tag: 132 characters

#because bruce wayne has put a lot of money and effort in making gotham a better place but storytelling logic means it can never work

My Top Posts in 2022:

#5

Hello~ if you could pick three personality traits that define Dick the most, which would you choose (and why)? Thanks!

I guess I would say...

Kind. He does what he does because he wants to help people, and I'd say it's also a part of what makes him a good leader and team player. (Star Spangled Comics # 100)

See the full post

390 notes - Posted March 24, 2022

#4

Rick Leonardi on Twitter.

527 notes - Posted November 23, 2022

#3

Ten-ish panels to sum up Dick Grayson

@roma107 challenged me some time back: “10 Nightwing Panels That Perfectly Sum Up His Character. Your turn. Go.” It’s been hard to even get close, and in the end I couldn't quite keep it to ten panels... But, enjoy disagreeing with me all the same. 😉

1. Robin vol 2 # 13 (1995)

Dick has issues with Bruce – they have had occasional problems with communication since the early 1940s – but he is loyal to a fault.

See the full post

591 notes - Posted December 11, 2022

#2

618 notes - Posted October 30, 2022

My #1 post of 2022

Ophelia by John Everett Millais (1851)

Detective Comics # 1067 (2022) Edit: the artist is Colleen Doran.

1,965 notes - Posted September 16, 2022

Get your Tumblr 2022 Year in Review →

[theuserformerlyknownas778]

Cat, No. 226 Jackson Street, Mill Hill, Trenton, New Jersey, United States by Billy Wilson Photography "Mill Hill is a historic neighborhood located within the city of Trenton in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. It is considered to be part of Downtown Trenton and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The name Mill Hill refers to central New Jersey's first industrial site, a mill, erected in 1679, at the southeast corner of the present Broad Street crossing of the Assunpink Creek. Mill Hill and its wooden mill were among the holdings of the first settler in the vicinity of Trenton, Mahlon Stacy, a Quaker who arrived in North America in 1678. The mill was destroyed in a flood. Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey, the county seat of Mercer County and was the capital of the United States from November 1 to December 24, 1784. The city's metropolitan area, consisting of Mercer County, is grouped with the New York Metropolitan Area by the United States Census Bureau, but it directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and was from 1990 until 2000 part of the Philadelphia Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 U.S. census, Trenton had a population of 90,871, making it the state's 10th-largest municipality. Trenton dates back at least to June 3, 1719, when mention was made of a constable being appointed for Trenton while the area was still part of Hunterdon County. Boundaries were recorded for Trenton Township as of March 2, 1720. A courthouse and jail were constructed in Trenton around 1720, and the Freeholders of Hunterdon County met annually in Trenton. Trenton received its first Postmaster in 1764. On November 25, 1790, the Trenton became New Jersey's capital, and by November 13, 1792 the City of Trenton was formed within Trenton Township. Trenton Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. On February 22, 1834, portions of Trenton Township were taken to form Ewing Township. The remaining portion of Trenton Township was absorbed by the City of Trenton on April 10, 1837. A series of annexations took place over a 50-year period, with the city absorbing South Trenton (April 14, 1851), portions of Nottingham Township (April 14, 1856), both the Borough of Chambersburg Township, and Millham Township (both on March 30, 1888), as well as Wilbur Borough (February 28, 1898). Portions of Ewing Township and Hamilton Township were annexed to Trenton on March 23, 1900." - info from Wikipedia. The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture. Now on Instagram. Become a patron to my photography on Patreon or donate. https://flic.kr/p/2ockvzp

[mirandamckenni1]

Netflix made an educational history show. Let's assess the clothes 👀 (ft Lilla Crawford) Save up to 40% off Brooklinen's bundles by shopping their biggest sale of the year. Click my link to shop https://bit.ly/BernadetteBrooklinen . [*If you're watching this video after 11/29, you can still get a discount by using the code BERNADETTE for $20 off your orders over $100] More Lilla! https://ift.tt/307gJai ⤠ NEVER MISS AN UPDATE ⤟ 📜 (FREE) NEWSLETTER https://ift.tt/tXm7T1M 📸 INSTAGRAM @bernadettebanner https://ift.tt/VoYF1Qa ♥️ PATREON https://ift.tt/xap4rPJ RESEARCH ASSISTANT | Heathcliff McLean IG @mxheathcliff https://ift.tt/yUS1ohi ⤠ SOURCES ⤟ [1] British painter. 1572. Portrait of Walter Devereux (1539–1576), First Earl of Essex. Oil on Wood. New York, NY. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://ift.tt/bmw1suL. [2] Osterkamp, Peggy. 2013. “What Is Velvet and How It Is Made? (Part One).” Peggy Osterkamp’s Weaving Blog. November 2, 2013. https://ift.tt/K5hUm8v. [3] After Hans Holbein the Younger. c. 1537. Portrait of Henry VIII. Oil on Canvas. Liverpool, UK. Walker Art Gallery. https://ift.tt/ODiM0Se. [4] Pickering, Henry. 1741. Sir Wolstan Dixie (1700–1767), 4th Bt, Market Bosworth. Oil on Canvas. Nottingham, UK. Nottingham City Museums & Galleries. https://ift.tt/1SanJr5. [5] Royal Ontario Museum. 2013. “A Pair of 18th Century French Panniers Arrives at the ROM!” Royal Ontario Museum. September 13, 2013. https://ift.tt/gM3DuGN. [6] Gautier-Dagoty, Jean-Baptiste-André. 1775. Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (1755-1793). Oil on Canvas. Versailles, France. Palace of Versailles. https://ift.tt/19biAtS. [7] Unknown artist, European. c. 1770. Portrait of a Lady Holding an Orange Blossom. Oil on Canvas. Ontario, Canada. Art Gallery of Ontario. https://ift.tt/ViANtSW. [8] Unknown photographer. c. 1850. Emma Gurney (1803-1860). Photograph. Durham, UK. Darlington Centre for Local Studies. https://ift.tt/e1UKwS2. [9] Unknown photographer. c.1900. Woman with Straw Hat. Photograph. Private Collection. https://ift.tt/UMqskN5. [10] Wirth, Frederick. 1860. Two Children and Woman. Carte-de-visite Photograph. Seattle, WA. University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections. https://ift.tt/FeHCdiy. [11] Unknown illustrator. 1887. Susan B. Anthony. History of Woman Suffrage Volume 1 Edited by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage. https://ift.tt/7PS6k9s. [12] Purtich, Kirstin. n.d. “Thomson Cage Crinoline.” Bard Graduate Center. https://ift.tt/2FeB5rz. [13] N. Currier. 1851. The Bloomer Costume. Lithograph Print. Washington, D.C. Library of Congress. https://ift.tt/acn6Ovs. [14] Unknown artist. c. 1855. Amelia Bloomer. Chromolithograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://ift.tt/uVIUh7z. [15] Hilliard, Nicholas. 1598. Elizabeth I (1533–1603). Oil on Canvas. Derbyshire, UK. Hardwick Hall. https://ift.tt/xpBTVkR. [16] Unknown maker. 1603. Corset from Elizabeth I’s Wax Effigy. London, UK. Westminster Abbey. https://ift.tt/QNvG4XA. [17] Unknown maker. 1601-1800. Orthopaedic Corset to Fit Adult Male. Iron, Leather. London, UK. Wellcome Collection. https://ift.tt/KHp2WZ3. [18] Gheeraerts the Younger, Marcus. 1592. Queen Elizabeth I (“The Ditchley Portrait”). Oil on Canvas. London, UK. National Portrait Gallery. https://ift.tt/Y9fr7jV. [19] Unknown artist, English. 1588. Queen Elizabeth I. Oil on Panel. London, UK. National Portrait Gallery. https://ift.tt/oHKTCiX. [20] Unknown maker, English. 1750-1780. Woman’s Corset. Linen Twill and Baleen. Los Angeles, CA. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. https://ift.tt/9xTfnGb. [21] Unknown maker, Spanish. Late 16th Century. Verdugado. Linen, Reed. Zamora, Spain. Museo Etnográfico de Castilla y León. https://ift.tt/7shLGEQ. [22] Rabel, Daniel. 1626. The Royal Ballet of the Dowager of Bilbao’s Grand Ball. Pen and Black ink, Watercolour. Paris, France. Musée du Louvre. https://ift.tt/9udOgzV. via YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0yAN8PHc2M

[ambitiousbaba]

Railway ECR RRC Patna Recruitment 2023

Railway ECR RRC Patna Recruitment 2023 : 1851 Post for Trade Apprentices Railway Recruitment Cell RRC ECR East Central Railway has released the notification for the recruitment of for the Post of Trade Apprentices with 1851 Vacancies. Candidates can check the eligibility criteria from the official notification and apply Online Between 15 November 2023 to 13 November 2023. Here we are providing…

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.14 (before 1970)

332 BC – Alexander the Great is crowned pharaoh of Egypt. 1680 – German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope. 1770 – James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile. 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: At the Battle of Smoliani, French Marshals Victor and Oudinot are defeated by the Russians under General Peter Wittgenstein. 1851 – Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA. 1889 – Pioneering female journalist Nellie Bly (aka Elizabeth Cochrane) begins a successful attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She completes the trip in 72 days. 1910 – Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performs the first takeoff from a ship in Hampton Roads, Virginia, taking off from a makeshift deck on the USS Birmingham in a Curtiss pusher. 1914 – The Joensuu City Hall, designed by Eliel Saarinen, was inaugurated in Joensuu, Finland. 1918 – The Provisional National Assembly of the new republic of Czechoslovakia meets to devise a constitution. 1920 – Pesäpallo, the Finnish version of baseball developed by Lauri Pihkala, is played for the first time at Kaisaniemi Park in Helsinki. 1921 – The Communist Party of Spain is founded, and issues the first edition of Mundo obrero. 1922 – The British Broadcasting Company begins radio service in the United Kingdom. 1938 – The Lions Gate Bridge, connecting Vancouver to the North Shore region, opens to traffic. 1940 – World War II: In England, Coventry is heavily bombed by German Luftwaffe bombers. Coventry Cathedral is almost completely destroyed. 1941 – World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal sinks due to torpedo damage from the German submarine U-81 sustained on November 13. 1941 – World War II: German troops, aided by local auxiliaries, murder nine thousand residents of the Słonim Ghetto in a single day. 1952 – The New Musical Express publishes the first regular UK Singles Chart. 1957 – The "Apalachin meeting" in rural Tioga County in upstate New York is raided by law enforcement; many high-level Mafia figures are arrested while trying to flee. 1960 – Ruby Bridges becomes the first black child to attend an all-white elementary school in Louisiana. 1965 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Ia Drang begins: The first major engagement between regular American and North Vietnamese forces. 1967 – The Congress of Colombia, in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the death of Policarpa Salavarrieta, declares this day as "Day of the Colombian Woman". 1967 – American physicist Theodore Maiman is given a patent for his ruby laser systems, the world's first laser. 1969 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 12, the second crewed mission to the surface of the Moon.

[millingroundireland]

Jensen's folly and the proof of "No Irish Need Apply" [Part 2]

Continued from part 1. This post was originally published on WordPress in June 2018.

Looking on newspapers.com, I found 3,047,608 matches for the words "no Irish need apply," with even a story about it in the Buffalo paper, The Weekly Economist, in 1843. Now, not all of those portended to ads. [2] Narrowing the search, covering the years of 1800 to 1860, I brought the total to about 113,000. The latter number may be inflated due to false drops since quoting the phrase itself only brings up 158 results, extending it to 1900 gives you about 1,400 results, over 60 of which are listed below. I also got some sources from the Library of Congress's Chronicling America collection of old newspapers, which are included in the below listing of varied ads.

1820s

June 29, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

July 24, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

August 8, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

September 11, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

October 8, 1828 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

June 8, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

June 19, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

June 23, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

October 27, 1829 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post

1830s

April 29, 1830 ad in the New York City paper, The Evening Post, related to the one a few days before

New York Herald attacks No Irish Need Apply adverts on July 30, 1830

1840s

May 18, 1841 ad in the New York City paper, New York Tribune

August 24, 1842 ad in the New York City's New York Tribune

February 7, 1844 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

January 7, 1847 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

April 23, 1847 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

November 4, 1847 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

January 25, 1848 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

October 28, 1848 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

July 16, 1849 ad in the New York City paper, New York Herald, reprinted from days before

1850s

February 25, 1850 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger 

March 11, 1850 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger 

August 6, 1850 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger 

January 13, 1851 ad in the New York City's New York Tribune

February 5, 1851 ad in the Baltimore Sun

March 13, 1851 ad in the New York Daily Herald

April 22, 1851 ad in the Baltimore Sun

July 24, 1851 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

December 31, 1851 ad in the Baltimore Sun, accompanied by another saying they are looking for someone who is white, but not Irish, as a cook

April 13, 1852 ads (top and bottom of image) in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

May 14, 1852 ad in New York City's New York Tribune

June 21, 1852 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

August 26, 1852 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

October 11, 1852 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

December 31, 1852 ad in the New Orleans paper, The Times-Picayune

June 22, 1853, the Lancaster Ledger reports that the New York Herald is being sued for libel for attaching "no Irish may apply" to one of its ads, which the Ledger calls "queer"

June 2, 1853, the New York Herald criticizes "No Irish Need Apply" ads

July 30, 1853 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

February 19, 1854, the New York Herald talks about their ""No Irish Need Apply" advertisers"

March 30, 1854 ad in the Baltimore Sun

October 6, 1854 ad in the West Virginia paper, the Wheeling Daily Intelligencer

April 21, 1855 ad in the Freehold, New Jersey paper, the Monmouth Inquirer

May 18, 1855 ad in Baltimore Sun

September 18, 1855 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

October 17, 1855 ad in the Washington, D.C. Evening Star, likely related.

March 28, 1856 ad in the Baltimore Sun

February 14, 1857 ad in the New York Times

December 7, 1857 ad in New Orleans paper, The Times-Picayune

April 20, 1857 ad in the Baltimore Sun

March 20, 1858 ad in the New York Times

August 17, 1858 ad in the Baltimore Sun

October 1, 1858 ad in the Baltimore Sun, reprinted on October 2 and 4, at least

October 13, 1858 ad in New York Times

May 10, 1859 ad in the New York Times

September 21, 1859 ad in the New York Times

1860s

March 29, 1860 ad in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle

April 3, 1860 ads (here and here) in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

June 8, 1860 ad in the Baltimore Sun, related is ad the day before

August 6, 1860 ad in the Cincinnati Daily Press

August 25, 1860 ad in the Philadelphia paper, Public Ledger

Ad and comment in Columbia Democrat and Bloomsburg General Advertiser (Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania) on March 12, 1864

© 2018-2023 Burkely Hermann. All rights reserved.

Notes

[2] This is apart from mentions of it in 1878 to counter such sentiment (and in 1864), the Guardian (see here, here, here, and here), the Liverpool Mercury in 1854 (here and here), 1855 (also see here, here, here, ), 1857, 1858, 1859, and 1863, along  with other mentions in English papers in 1844, 1847, and 1856. A comedy, in the 1850s, was even produced on this subject! In all, there are over 105,000 results for England alone, over 9,000 for Scotland, over 8,000 for Ireland, over 5,000 for Northern Ireland, over 4,700 for Australia, over 1,500 for Wales and almost 1,000 for Canada.

[lboogie1906]

Edward Garrison Walker (1830 – January 13, 1901), Edwin Garrison Walker, was an artisan in Boston who became an attorney; in 1861, he became one of the first African American men to pass the Massachusetts bar. In 1866 he and Charles Lewis Mitchell were the first two African Americans elected to the Massachusetts state legislature. He was the son of Eliza and David Walker, the abolitionist and author of An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829). At the time when the couple was expecting the birth of him, they already had a daughter. In 1830 a tuberculosis epidemic in Boston took the lives of Lydia Ann on July 30 and her father David on August David collapsed and died at the entrance to his store. He received training in working with leather as a young man. He established a business that employed 15 people. He became an abolitionist as his father had been. In 1851 he collaborated with attorney Robert Morris and activist Lewis Hayden of the Boston Vigilance Committee to gain the release of Shadrach Minkins, a fugitive slave from Virginia who had been arrested in Boston by US Marshals under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. The men helped Minkins hide and travel via the Underground Railroad to Canada, where he settled in Montreal. The men were "well-known Boston abolitionists" who were praised for their efforts to obtain Minkins' release. Many Boston residents resisted the 1850 Law, resenting its requirement that officials in free states support slaveholders' efforts to take back slaves. He worked for equal rights. African Americans in Boston gained integration in city schools for their children in 1855, by a state legislative act after years of lobbying in the city and at the legislature. He married Hannah Jane Van Vronker on November 15, 1858. The couple had a son and two daughters. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence https://www.instagram.com/p/CnWvp8drzNj/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[rabbitcruiser]

The founding of Seattle is usually dated from the arrival of the Denny Party on November 13, 1851, at Alki Point.

[myassignmentonline]

Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives

Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives

• Taarak Me X Ig Course: 20 X 1161 Plan & ScF x 8 koodo cu, X A Dharavi 13, X Sanjay Rat x TCL 50″ CI X ‘-• Apple ‘Ph, x Q apple – G x IT 4 0 cbulms22.cbu.ca/course/view.php?id=1851 M Gmail • YouTube y Maps Topic Ten — November 28th – December 2nd Learning Skill-sets: Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives: This section explores strategies for writing up qualitative research. What does a…

[assignmentfreelancers]

Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives

Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives

• Taarak Me X Ig Course: 20 X 1161 Plan & ScF x 8 koodo cu, X A Dharavi 13, X Sanjay Rat x TCL 50″ CI X ‘-• Apple ‘Ph, x Q apple – G x IT 4 0 cbulms22.cbu.ca/course/view.php?id=1851 M Gmail • YouTube y Maps Topic Ten — November 28th – December 2nd Learning Skill-sets: Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives: This section explores strategies for writing up qualitative research. What does a…

[assignmenttutorsforyou]

Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives

Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives

• Taarak Me X Ig Course: 20 X 1161 Plan & ScF x 8 koodo cu, X A Dharavi 13, X Sanjay Rat x TCL 50″ CI X ‘-• Apple ‘Ph, x Q apple – G x IT 4 0 cbulms22.cbu.ca/course/view.php?id=1851 M Gmail • YouTube y Maps Topic Ten — November 28th – December 2nd Learning Skill-sets: Writing Up Qualitative Research Objectives: This section explores strategies for writing up qualitative research. What does a…

[levbolton]

Idk if people already knew about it, but here are all the names of the people Undertaker has

Emile C 18 June 1848

Oliver A 11 November 1848

Alex B 26 April 1854

Claudia P 13 July 1866

Molly G 10 December 18(can’t read them)

Gilbert D 1 Mars 1862

Harry E 7 October 1851