#1200BCE

[whencyclopedia]

Mycenaean Pottery

The pottery of the Mycenaean civilization (1550-1050 BCE), although heavily influenced by the earlier Minoans based on Crete, nevertheless, added new pottery shapes to the existing range and achieved its own distinctive decorative style which was strikingly homogenous across Mycenaean Greece. Mycenaean wares typically display stylized representations of marine and plant life and show a fondness for minimalistic linear designs, a trend which would go on to influence the early pottery of Archaic and Classical Greece from the 9th century BCE.

Minoan Origins

Early wheel-made Mycenaean pottery (1550-1450 BCE) from mainland Greece has been described as 'provincial Cretan' which does convey the fact that although shapes and decorative styles were of Cretan origin, the final decoration was not quite as finely executed as in Minoan centres such as Knossos and Phaistos. However, despite this difference in quality, it is likely that Cretan potters did actually relocate to the mainland. In terms of raw material though, Mycenaean pottery is in fact often superior in quality to Minoan as the majority was made from old Yellow Minyan Clay and fired at higher temperatures than on Crete. The designs themselves were painted using a red to black, lustrous, iron-based clay slip (or 'paint') which had a tendency to become mottled depending on the firing process.

The Minoan love of flowing shapes and vibrant representations of animal, sea and plant life as expressed in their Marine and Floral styles was continued by the Mycenaeans with octopuses and nautiluses remaining particularly popular. Designs also continued to fill all of the decorative surface and follow the contours of the vessel. Gradually though, representations became more stylistic and more symmetrical with not all of the decorative space filled, leaving significant blanks, something rarely seen in Minoan pottery. Depictions of plants such as lilies, palms and ivy became more monumental, evolving into commonly employed motifs that were reserved principally for large jars.

From 1450 BCE the Mycenaean expansion overseas resulted in the taking over of the Cretan palaces and Mycenaean pottery began to dominate production across Greece and the Aegean islands. Indeed, pottery is the most important indicator we have of the political domination of the Mycenaeans across the Aegean. Decoration may be divided into two broad groups: the Pictorial style and the Pattern style. The former was influenced by contemporary fresco design and sought to represent scenes of daily life and the latter employed decorative scales, chevrons, and sea-life. Designs steadily became even bolder and more stylized, often with only a single motif design on each side of the vessel and an increase in the space left blank. Perhaps the most celebrated example of this minimalist style is the Ephyrean goblet, a stemmed, two-handled cup from Mycenae which is decorated with a single large rosette on each face. Plain, bold horizontal lines and whorls continue to be very popular forms of decoration and are usually well-chosen to complement the shape of the vessel.

Continue reading...

[ukelele-boy]

(this was posted Dec 2021 in the toa discord but I finally found it again cause my brain wouldn't stop looking for it) it's basically some timeline digging I did. I know other toa fans have done their own timelines so I wanna crosscheck. I only put 1-2 hours into this and it was a long time ago.

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Ok I've dated the ademtus and apollo thing to before troy fell in 1200BCE, since ademtus' son, Eumelus, was in the trojan war (greek side). If we assume he is pretty young to fight in the war(20-40), then we can date the apollo ademtus thing to maybe 50-60 years before? But king laomedon, who was the king that apollo and Poseidon served, was the father of king priam who was an old man by the trojan war. So if king priam is like 60-70, we can assume that apollo served under laomedon around 80 years ago. Which makes sense because heracules was around for both laomedon and also to save adetmus' wife. But this means that apollo got turned mortal twice in the span of like 30 years and then 50 years later had to listen to zeus and let troy fall due to fate and lost his two sons.

It also means that the failed rebellion happened first, then apollo becomes a god, jives for like 15 years and then has that drama with ascelpusis mom, has a kid called ascelpius who dies at 14-15 to zeus, and then he gets turned mortal again.

If Hya is a prince of sparta (founded in 900BCE) and we could say he lived at it's peak (around 500 BCE), which means apollo met hya maybe 700 years after the trojan war.

And then around 900 years later Rome falls.

[nerdygaymormon]

It shouldn’t be surprising we find disagreeing statements in the Bible. The books of the Bible were written from 1200BCE to 100CE. Over that span, people and cultures changed. They wrote of the wisdom they learned and things important to them. 

That’s like having a book written by people at the time of the fall of the Roman Empire to the founding of the United States and expect it to be entirely consistent from the beginning to the end. Of course how to apply principles will differ to the lives of people in Roman times, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Age of Discovery, and the Industrial Revolution. 

I think there’s a lot of value in the wrestle of the contradictions and figuring out what the spirit of the law is. I believe Jesus did this, he pointed to the letter of the law and instead said to follow the spirit of the law. 

Jesus also gave us new ways to frame what’s written. In Matthew 5, several times Jesus says, “Ye have heard that it was said...But I say unto you...” These are examples of Jesus changing interpretations to better fit with the spirit of the 2 great commandments to love.

What are the over-arching principles found in the scriptures? How do we apply those messages to the situations we have in our lives? Which interpretation & application of those principles would be more in line with love? 

One thing I love about Mormon theology is we claim all truth — spiritual, physical, philosophical, historical — will in the end all fit together into one great whole. As our understanding increases, we may have to adjust some of our previous beliefs in light of new knowledge. An expansive vision of truth can bring more depth, clarity and love into our lives

[diallokenyatta]

Cooptation 1200BCE-Present 🇺🇸 "A co-opting: an absorption or assimilation. In sociology, co-option refers to a trend or idea being incorporated into mainstream culture; see also Cultural appropriation. Cooptation may also refer to the tactic of neutralizing or winning over a minority by assimilating them into the established group or culture." #WhiteHistoryMonth #WHM2023 #EyesOnTheLiez #WackHistory #Pigz #FTP #Mockery #HistoricalDistortion #Yurugu #CultureBandits 🐷💩👻🤮 (at Columbus, Ohio) https://www.instagram.com/p/CoLzL7Vuu--/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[hasarjunadoneanythingwrong]

If Nasu wasn't a coward he would have done something like Sefar didn't kill all the gods, the remaining ones are just fragments and you have to fight actual pieces of gods. But no the man said my special oc has killed all gods in existence at the exact same moment in time.

incredibly i have also talked about this specific thing here b4. i also dont know why its being brought again now

anyway my largest issue with sefar is the fact that the timeline given for when it comes and kills all the gods doesnt match up with any of the gods its alleged to have killed. for reference, it is stated to have reached earth around 12000 BCE. the fucking problem with this is that none of the civilizations we are familiar with (or indeed, that fate mentions) EXISTED BACK THEN. for context, the person considered 'humanity's oldest hero' the guy that all other heroes are based off of even if their cultures were too far away for that bit to make sense, gilgamesh, has the first instances of his epic reliably recorded as having first being written down around 2100BCE. 10000 years AFTER sefar is alleged to have hit the moon and earth simultaneously (and indeed, been reported to have been killed/sealed). while its very likely that his tale existed in oral form prior to this i HIGHLY doubt his story was 10000 years old before it was first committed to paper in the fateverse and they simply never mentioned it (he mentions his father having met sefar and sefar spared him in extella so he is presumably contemporary to sefar, although this may be his typical grandstanding)

and thats just gilgamesh. sefar is also noted to have the sword of mars (specifically mars) that she gained from defeating him in combat, but rome itself was not founded until 753BCE and worship of mars didn't reach it's height until 250AD. Even if we look at his greek counterpart, ares, afaik he only first starts showing up around 1200BCE so he's off from both sefar date AND gilgamesh date. even zeus isnt a god until around 2000BCE, and if i can trust the internet greek religion as we know it wasnt properly established until 750BCE. other gods mentioned in relation to sefar have the same issue, although finding out when they first rose to prominance as gods is difficult- odin similarly seems to be exist by the 1st century AD.

ironically, when i was looking to see if ANY gods that show up in fate could potentially have existed in some form (even if under a different name) when sefar is mentioned to have landed it seems like shiva is a possible contender, as prehistoric paintings from pre 10000 BCE are thought to potentially be of him. and yet, the hindu pantheon is one of the few ones that ISNT mentioned in relation to sefar at all lmao

so like what does this mean? either:

sefar DIDNT land on earth 12000 years ago (because how can you kill gods that dont exist yet)

sefar landed, saw that everyone was still fully prehistoric and went dormant until civilization levels rose enough to start blasting (this doesnt align with what we know of her behavior)

fateverse human history started thousands of years earlier than ours but they never bothered mentioning it in anything and it hasnt effected anything of note

sefar landed and killed a bunch of paleolithic gods and nomadic tribespeople before getting killed and shes retoractively trying to convince us that no, i totally bodied zeus, just trust me bro-

sefar got jumped by a bunch of gods that no longer exist/exist under different names and like also shiva and they just dont want to talk about it and are just making shit up. shut up

sefar landed and got her shit rocked by a paleolithic human with a sacred sword (funniest outcome that had to have been the first metal object ever. we were literally still figuring out farming)

the writers either dont know shit about prehistory or they do and put this in specifically to annoy me.

i literally said i wasnt going to get into this bc ive already talked about this on this blog and wow. look at that. ive gotten into it again. anyway anon hope you like this ig

[dapurinthos]

visited three museums in one day (archaeological museum of nafplio, bus to athens, metro to national archaeological museum, metro to akropolis museum, metro to piraeus).

how? i go through museums fast and i was only at the national archaeology museum in athens for pretty much four areas (mycenaean, neolithic-early bronze age, kykladic, antiquities of thera) even though a docent tried to convince me to go back and look through the rooms i just walked through when i asked her where the thera room was. i know where my interests like and they are all before 1200bce (okay i'll allow up to 1177, you're lucky eric cline).

had a discussion with one of the docents and another museum attendee about that diadem which i have been very curious about the actual construction thereof since i've learned of those tumulus/urnfield culture pointy gold hats and wondered if there were any similarities, especially in terms of calendrical significance and, especially, the construction. having now seen it in person, i am considering whether or not they may have been separate pieces, with the gold rays/spikes forming a pointed hat atop the head, and the diadem itself meant to be worn across the head.

the diadem itself is easy, it has two holes at the back pieces to be tied together, but the rays/spikes are thicker at the bottom, almost like the gold has been folded under itself and there's a little bit that would have formed almost a shelf, or wrapped around the base of something like leather (it's very hard to see even in person at the museum and i contorted myself into some interesting positions to try and see), forming a bit of a lip that would then fold beneath the lip of the leather base.

so:

hmm.

unfortunately all the relevant information seems to be in german from a first perusal. :/

[crliny-1]

Cooptation 1200BCE-Present 🇺🇸 "A co-opting: an absorption or assimilation. In sociology, co-option refers to a trend or idea being incorporated into mainstream culture; see also Cultural appropriation. Cooptation may also refer to the tactic of neutralizing or winning over a minority by assimilating them into the established group or culture." #WhiteHistoryMonth #WHM2023 #EyesOnTheLiez #WackHistory #Pigz #FTP #Mockery #HistoricalDistortion #Yurugu #CultureBandits 🐷💩👻🤮 (at Columbus, Ohio) https://www.instagram.com/p/CoLzL7Vuu--/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI= https://www.instagram.com/p/CoRMecNNxpjGbSjN5JokCg7e4nRAS99rnhWoI00/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[honesty-my-policy]

there used to be a lot of them all over Europe, especially in Poland but guess what happened to them?

also the amount of Jews that i've seen being harassed with no one intervening would make me want to move to Israel too. Especially sine a report by Pew Research Center in 2020 stated Jews make up and estimated 2.4% of the U.S. adult population.

Comparatively to a state-by-state Arab population updated in 2024 that gives a total of 6.5% - note that it is across varying states, the majority is (surprisingly to me) Michigan, with New Jersey and Massachusetts following.

But if we were following that ridiculous line of thinking, then it is only fair the Palestinians should be the ones to relocate. Why?

FACTS:

It has been proven with various types and methods of evidence that modern day Jews are linked to historical accounts of their ancestors, the Israelites/the Hebrews and that they definitively existed

The oldest known historical account outside of the Bible to reference a people by the name of Israel is 1200BCE

As stated above and many times now, the expulsion of Jews has reached over 1000 if you look throughout history. in 1933 60% of the Jewish population lived in Europe, it was around 9.5 million, by 1950 they were down to 3.5 million. The population reduced by one-third.

Palestinians have been proven to share a lot of similar genetic ties with other Levantine populations, other Arab and Semitic groups in the Middle East and North Africa as well. Along with a close genetic relationship with the Jews. But they choose to identify as both Arab and Muslim. What is the world population of Arabs? Or even, the closest countries with Arab/Muslim population vs Jews?

Look at that. All surround Palestine. You want to know the Jewish population statistics for those same countries that surround Palestine/Israel? Literally none. 0.

No Palestinian Arab people existed until December of 1920. Before then they were insistent on the fact that they were Southern Syrians. There was also the expulsion of Jewish residents before, during and after the war from Middle-Eastern and Muslim Majority countries. Jerusalem's Jewish Quarter after being forcefully vacated was torn apart - including many Synagogues.

Under Jordanian rule of East Jerusalem, all Israelis (regardless of religion) were forbidden from entering the Old City and other holy sites. Between 40,000 and 50,000 tombstones from ancient Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery were destroyed or used as building materials. Christian holy sites were protected and Muslim holy sites were maintained and renovated but Jewish holy sites were damaged and sometimes destroyed.

links for reference:

Pew Research

World Population Review

"Well the Jews Israelis can just contact fheir families in America or Europe and move back to thise countries." How can you possibly say this and think that you're educated enough to have any voice in conversations about Israel? Genuinely how do you not realize how ignorant and antisemitic you are?

[alilaro]

the only reason the volturi never became a cult is because Caius and Athenodora had to hold multiple interventions for Aro whenever his ego got a little to big

[thesilicontribesman]

Middle Bronze Age Gold Dress Ornaments, River Danube, Hungary, 1600 to 1200BCE, The British Museum, London

[tarkhan]

#Tarkhan (#ਤਰਖਾਣ)

Tarkhan is a north Indian tribe which has been historically present in a Punjab and its nearby areas. Tarkhans are an ethnic minority and most of Tarkhans are followers of Sikhism and small number is a follower of Hinduism. Very small of number of ethnic Tarkhans are found in Pakistan, these Tarkhans are followers of Islam. Tarkhans are subdivided into various clans (ਗੋਤ).

Tarkhan #Occupations:

Tarkhan occupations are carpentry, blacksmithing, masonry and farming. The Lohars (blacksmiths) of Punjab are Tarkhans who work with metals and term Tarkhan-Lohar is also used. This diversity in Tarkhan occupations is very clear from Sikh history, where different Tarkhan-Sikhs had different occupations. For example: Baba Lalo Ghattaura, one of the first Sikhs of Guru Nanak was a carpenter, family of Baba BHAI Roop Chand has always been farmers, Baba Hardas Singh Bhamra made the famous nagni used to kill the drunken elephant, he was also scholar, and close associate of 10th Sikh Guru, and Mistry Des Raj Kalsi of Sur Singh played an important role in re-construction of Akal Takht after it was destroyed by Ahmed Shah Abdali. In modern day Punjab, every house, every building is made by Tarkhans, all machinery such as combines, ploughs and harvesters are made by Tarkhans including manufacturing of tractors, also welding and repairing despite being a small minority. Tarkhans are the only people in Indian sub-continent to be masters of more than occupations.

#Ancient #History of Tarkhans:

Kasgarli Mahmut was 11th century scholar from Kashgar. He explained the word Tarkhan in the following way: "It is a name given before the Islamic religion. It means prince (Bey, Umar) in Arghu language." It is clear the word Tarkhan was not pure Turkish and that it was adopted into Turkish from the old language of Sogdiana. This was proved in the Turkish dictionary Divan u Lugat it-Turk written by Kasgarli Mahmut. Sogd was a name of a nation who settled in Balasagun. These were of the Sogd race. Sogd lay between Bukhara and Samarqand. Sogdia (/ˈsɒɡdiə/) or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization.

Historian H. Beveridge in his paper titled Tarkhan and Tarquinius points out that antiquity of Tarkhan is evidenced by the fact it's etymology is lost. He also states that Tarkhan was both a personal title and the name of a tribe. Bipin Shah in his paper titled Patali of Alexander, Sack of Nagar Thatta and Arghoon rule of Sindh talks about pre-historic central asian tribe named Tarkhan. Beveridge, Isaac Taylor, C. R. Condor and J. G. R. Farlong in their writings all agree that Tarkhan, Tarkan and Tarquin are same. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, or Tarquin the Elder, was the legendary fifth king of Rome from 616 to 579 BC. Tarkhan was used among the Hittites (1700BCE- 1200BCE) to refer the tribal Chiefs. Also, the the Kassites (1531BCE-1155 BCE) had god called Tartakhan.

Khodadad Rezakhani of Freie Universität (Berlin) in the paper titled Continuity and Change in Late Antique Irān: An Economic View of the Sasanians writes (year is 560 AD): "These are the famous Nezak Tarkhans who claimed descent from the Alkhon king Khingila (Grenet 2002: 218). We know that these Tarkhans controlled the passes across the Hindukush both to Bamiyan and also to Kabul, via the Panjshir Valley (Baker and Allchin 1991). Based on the pattern of the earlier Hephthalites, they established and controlled formidable castles on both sides of the Surkhab River in southern Tokharistan, controlling the trade and military route from Bactria to Bamiyan (Grenet 2002: 218-20)."

In Eras of Humanity by Genealogy, Brian Starr writes about Kama Tarkhan of Huns. Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller of 7th century AD also mentions various Tarkhans in Indian subcontinent such as Tarkhan of Samarkand, a meeting between king and 200 Tarkhans. Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium a collection of the papers by S. Kuwayama makes the mention of Chebishi Tarkhan who along with Tafu Tegin was sent to court of Tang Dynasty by King of Gandhara in 753 AD. Tarkhan Dynasty ruled over Gilgit in 7th and 8th century and was founded by a prince from Badakhshan. Further, founders of Maglot dynasty of Nagar and Ayash dynasty of Hunza were both Tarkhan princes. Tradition traces the origin of these Tarkhans to an imaginary Kayāni prince of Persia, by name Azur Jamshid, who is said to have fled here after the Arab conquest of Persia.

The town named Tarkhan in Egypt has been a site of various archeological diggings, some which were as old as 4000 BCE and oldest woven piece of cloth called Tarkhan Dress. In the town of Chal Tarkhan (Iran) many artifacts were found belonging to Sassanian Period (224 to 651 AD). Tarkhankut is name of peninsula in Ukraine and there are various places named Tarkhan in Russia. Tarkhans have been present in Indian subcontinent atleast since 6th century AD.

The ancient history of Tarkhans is also evidenced from the origin of various Tarkhan clans, such as Ubbi was a Germanic tribe and Bahra a Arabic tribe. There are places named after various Tarkhan clans in Iran (Panesar E-Takshan, Hunejan etc) and Tarkhan clans such as Siyan and Salh are also found among Kurds. Padam and Rattan being of native Indian origin. Menander 1 a Indo-Greek king was born in place named Kalasi (Alexandria of the Caucasusn) around 165 BCE. More than 90% Tarkhans have Tarkhan exclusive clans, only a very little overlap with others.

Some Tarkhan #Personalities:

• Jugde Dalip Singh Saund: First Asian to become Judge in US and get elected in US Congress. His son Dalip Saund Jr. served in US Army as a Lieutenant during Korean war.

• Satnam Singh Bamrah: First N.B.A player from India.

• Bardish Chaggar: First female Leader of the Government in the House of Commons in the history of Canada.

• Baba Sukha Singh Kalsi: There are 7 episodes dedicated to his bravery in Panth Prakash.

• Sir Mota Singh Matharu, QC: First Asian to become judge in United Kingdom.

• Lt-Colonel Kamal Kalsi (US Army).

𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗵𝗮𝗻 #𝗣𝗼𝗽𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:

According to 1881 census of British India there were 263,479 Tarkhan Sikhs. In the book The Crucial Decade by S.C. Sharma writes that Tarkhans too are found in all the three religious groups in this province, on 1921 their numerical strength in the (United) Punjab was 684,000. The small population of Tarkhans is also evidenced from the fact most of villages in Punjab used to have only three to four houses of Tarkhan families.

List of Tarkhan #Villages (Incomplete):

• Bhai Rupa (ਭਾਈ ਰੂਪਾ), Thathi (ਠੱਠੀ), Siriyewala (ਸਿਰੀਏਵਾਲਾ), Nehianwala (ਨੇਹੀਆਵਾਲਾ), Dialpura Bhaika (ਦਿਆਲਪੁਰਾ ਭਾਈ ਕਾ), Towala (ਟੋਵਾਲਾ), Samadh Bhai Ki (ਸਮਾਧ ਭਾਈ ਕੀ), Ravleri (ਰਾਵਲੇਰੀ), Lakhnor (ਲਖਨੌਰ)

• Sikhwala (ਸਿੱਖਵਾਲਾ) Kotha Rajasthan (ਕੋਠਾ ਰਾਜਸਥਾਨ), Kabool Shah Khubban (ਕਬੂਲ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਖੁੱਬਣ)

• Muktsar (ਮੁਕਤਸਰ): Tarkhan Wala (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਵਾਲਾ), Akalgarh (ਅਕਾਲਗੜ੍ਹ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Amloh ਅਮਲੋਹ)

• Garhi Tarkhana (Macchiwara) ਗੱੜੀ ਤਰਖਾਣਾਂ (ਮਾਛੀਵਾੜਾ)

• Channian (ਚਾਨੀਆਂ) (Nakodar ਨਕੋਦਰ)

• Jallandhar (ਜਲੰਧਰ): Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ), Mothanwala (ਮੋਠਾਂਵਾਲਾ)

• Hoshiarpur (ਹੁਸ਼ਿਆਰਪੁਰ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹਾ):Bhattian (ਭੱਟੀਆਂ), Chatowal (ਚੱਤੋਵਲ), Halerh Ghogra (ਹਾਲੇੜ ਘੋਗ ਰਾ), Choka (ਚੋਕਾ)

• Gurdaspur (ਗੁਰਦਾਸਪੁਰ ਜ਼ਿਲ੍ਹਾ): Rangilpur (ਰੰਗੀਲਪੁਰ), Dhadiyala (ਢਡਿਆਲਾ), Sada Rang (ਸਦਾ ਰੰਗ)

• Kapurthala (ਕਪੂਰਥਲਾ): Ahmedpur (ਅਹਿਮਦਪੁਰ), Tarkhanawali (ਤਰਖਾਣਾਵਾਲੀ)

• Phagwara (ਫਗਵਾੜਾ): Lohara (ਲੋਹਾਰਾ), Ramgarh (ਰਾਮਗੜ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Samana ਸਮਾਣਾ)

• Tarkhan Majra (ਤਰਖਾਣ ਮਾਜਰਾ) (Sirhind ਸਰਹਿੰਦ)

• Bagrian (ਬਾਗੜੀਆਂ)

• Vakilanwala ਵਕੀਲਾਂਵਾਲਾ (Ferozpur ਫਿਰੋਜ਼ਪੁਰ)

Tarkhan #Traditons

Tarkhans engage in ancestor worship in the form of Jathere (ਜਠੇਰੇ) and Matti (ਮੱਟੀ), different Tarkhan clans have different jathere However, this practice is now dying. Members within a same clan (ਗੋਤ) are related by blood. For marriages, Tarkhan practice class endogamy but clan exogamy i.e. they marry with Tarkhans only, however outside their maternal (ਨਾਨਕੇ) and paternal (ਦਾਦਕੇ) clans.

#Ramgarhia:

Some Tarkhan Sikhs identify with Ramgarhia as Ramgarhia Misl (Ramgarhia Confedration) was the one of most powerful Sikh Misl out of 12 misls. The founder and leader of Ramgarhia Misl was Maharaja Jassa Singh Bhamra, who was a Tarkhan himself and most of soldiers in Misl were from Tarkhan tribe. Strength of Misl is evidenced from fact that Ramgarhia Misl along with other sikh generals won Delhi and it was Jassa Singh Ramgarhia who dragged the Mughal throne from Delhi to Akal Takht, where it lies even today in Ramgarhia Bungas. In the Tawarikh Darbar Sahib by Udham Singh, it is written that Maharaja Jassa Singh of Ramgarhia Misl and his son Sardar Jodh Singh together contributed Rs 5 Lakh for construction of Ramgarhia Bungas.

#References:

1. Tarkhan and Tarquinius by H. Beveridge of The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

2. Anatolian Iron Ages: The Proceedings of the Second Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium held at İzmir, 4-8 May 1987

Edited by A. Çilingiroğlu and D. H. French, Page 115.

3. Era's of Humanity by Genealogy written by Brian Starr, Page 204

4. A Socio-Political Study of Gilgit Baltistan Province by Omar Farooq Zain.

5. THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN STATES by A. H. Dani.

6. A SHORT HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN By Professor Abdul Hai Habibi, President, Historical Society of Afghanistan.

7. Across the Hindukush of the First Millennium: a collection of the papers by S. Kuwayama.

8. Continuity and Change in Late Antique Iran: An Economic View of the Sasanians by Khodadad Rezakhani of Freie Universität, Berlin.

9. FAITHS OF MAN: A CYCLOPÆDIA OF RELIGIONS BY MAJOR-GENERAL J. G. R. FORLONG, M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S., F.R.S.E., M.A.1, A.I.C.E., F.R.H.S.

10. THE HITTITES AND THEIR LANGUAGE BY C. R. CONDER, LT.-COL. R.E.

11. Patali of Alexander, Sack of Nagar Thatta and Arghoon rule of Sindh by Bipin Shah

12. PERSPECTIVES ON THE SIKH TRADITION, Edited by GURDEV SINCH, Foreword by KHUSHWANT SINGH

13. Tarkhan Nīzak or Tarkhan Tirek? An Enquiry concerning the Prince of Badhghīs Who in A. H. 91/A. D. 709-710 Opposed the 'Omayyad Conquest of Central Asia.

14. RAJ KHALSA PART - Iwritten by Giani Gian Singh.

[bookofwisdom]

Hi I am Lebanese I see you claim Canaanite workings. Why. Are you Lebanese? If not you should not be allowed thanks. I have no tumblr cannot respond please explain yourself

I’m sorry that my involvement makes you uncomfortable. I do my best to acknowledge that it is not my heritage and to treat that information with respect.

To the best of my knowledge, it is not a religion that has any kind of cultural unbroken chain. The Ras Shamra archaeological site wasn’t located until 1929 and the language wasn’t translated for quite a while after that. No examples of it as a living language could be found and it had to be completely reconstructed from living languages in the same language family. Much of what is available is still stuck behind paywalls and isn’t accessible to the general public.

As Ugarit burned to the ground in 1550BCE, that mythos had been lost for over 3000 years. I don’t believe that I am appropriating a cultural artifact of any living culture if we have only had access to it for about 80 years, much of which only through academia.

That said, I would like to clarify. I do not say that I am Canaanite. I am a Canaanite polytheist. That follows a common pattern in the neopagan community of naming your type of neopaganism, often by using the pantheon you worship. I am a polytheist who worships Canaanite gods.

Though, in fairness, even if I weren’t a polytheist I would find this mythos fascinating. If I weren’t part of the pagan community interested in the Ugaritic gods, I would still be part of the academic community researching the same thing.

(I’m not claiming to be Lebanese. Only to be awed by a history lost to the Lebanese people thousands of years ago and the deities we’ve only recently re-learned about.)

Edit: apparently I promptly forgot the actual date Ugarit fell. It fell around 1200BCE. My apologies for the incorrect information.

[dapurinthos]

not pictured: me, yelling at that smug little green owl that i know it’s pronounced aftos not autos but it take me a minute because my brain is permanently in the c. 1200bce version of the language and it would have been a-u-to then and i just want the owl to understand it’s very hard sometimes remembering that the upsilon is pronounced like an f because modern greek hates me and i just want to go back to my linear scripts because they at least don’t have letters pretending to be other letters.

[delos-island-of-lions]

These + the softness of the lyre singing scene are also what I use to declare unanimous gay. We can grieve over our friends , but if u picture ur best friend’s face right now, do u want ur ashes mingling with them in death????? idk dog

Agreed with this and @appolunaire ‘s reply that platonic straights are what we really crave

I hate being my own enemy

When will platonic love ever get representation? Not here & from me i guess

[nooralove]

our language system or writing system based the materials or tools around us transmit communication over distance

During the past, people using the nature media ( rocks) to carve their own language and communicate with each other, until now, these oldest language have been discovered by human, it communicate with us over thousands of years. According this lecture, Andy introduced some interesting artwork that communicate with us.

This is Egyptian script from 800 to 1200BCE, we can found that it describe a piece of pottery , people engraving it to show an open and close window.

I also doing some research and I found that the oracle have some similar ways to communicate, it originated from China. At first, people used tortoise shells to paint the patterns they wanted to communicate . For example, when people wanna show the bird , when would draw the bird pattern to show the letter, After hundreds of years of evolution, Chinese characters have evolved and been simplified to produce today's fonts.

reflect：let’s make an assumption,according to the practice in class, it will be meaningful for us to engrave what we want to communicate through the object.

If there is one day in the future when people can't use technology to record everything, people lost connection with the past human civilization,how they can connect with us over thousand years, I think we can draw the icons on the rocks, it is a good way to kept the original carving over thousands years.