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wangwill66 · 1 year

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富者的態度

H：富者的態度是什麼？

從小常被問「以後要做什麼?」，有人會說「做個有錢人」，並且加一句「有志者事竟成」，最後「含金湯匙的富二代繼續當有錢人」，其他也只能「三餐吃飽，快樂似神仙。」自我安慰，但離有錢人愈來愈遠。你不想發財嗎？想。你敢冒險嗎?會賠錢。那要怎樣才能蜕變成有錢人?富者的態度可以看一看，有志雖難伸(一樣很窮)，做點白日夢沾點有錢人的習氣也不錯。順便讀「陶朱公商訓」，怡養富人氣質。

「有夢最美，希望相隨。」「人因夢想而偉大」，人也因想有錢而富有！多做夢！做個富者之夢。20230625W7

網路資料：

有夢最美，希望相隨

The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.~Eleanor Roosevelt

未來屬於相信夢想的人。~艾蓮諾.羅斯福

身為現代人都必須為了自身想要達成的「成就」或是「夢想」而不斷努力。

有句話說：「有夢最美，築夢踏實。」夢想，是使帆船航行海上的動力，是使帆船前進的風。人為夢想而活，人為希望而奮鬥，沒有了夢想，就沒有了希望，生命就只是失去靈魂的軀殼罷了。

柯文哲說過的: 不要羨慕別人成功，因為你付不起那個代價。唯一能限制你的，就是你對於你自己的想像。

人生不白活

沒有付出哪來的安穩，

沒有冒險哪來的希望。

我們想走的時候就走，想停的時候就停，隨心所欲的去發現樂趣，和值得珍惜的東西。

有夢就有希望，人生可以跟著走，但是不要沈迷于夢中，必須將自己從美夢中叫醒，因為，我還要去做另一個夢。

台灣有錢人定義，最高階的等級，有價值超過3,000萬新台幣的淨資產高級班：極高淨值人士(UHNWI)（ultra-rich）的定義流動金融資產為3000萬美元（約新台幣8.56億元）或可支配收入超過2000萬美元。

富者的定義是，擁有時間、人際、金錢這三種自由的人。

博客來介紹：

富者們都具備高度的同理心，畢竟，賺錢不能光憑一己之力，賺錢是得到他人錢財的行為。不論做生意或領薪水，都要學會換位思考。從小被教育服從命令、說真話才是正義，讓我們出社會就失去競爭力。承認別人會為了私利說謊的事實，也要適當說些保護自己的謊言。

博客來介紹：

富者的態度：關於工作、投資、關係、金錢的正確心態

부자의 자세：부자를 만드는 건, 돈이 아닌 자세다

作者：J won

原文作者：제이원

譯者： Loui

出版社：先覺

出版日期：2023/06/01

CHAPTER 1　富者的定義──富者一點也不特別

　　CHAPTER 2　基本態度──富者不是天生的

　　CHAPTER 3　工作的態度──富者不會樂在工作

　　CHAPTER 4　身在職場的態度──富者不會挑工作

　　CHAPTER 5　經商的態度──富者不會魯莽行動

　　CHAPTER 6　對待關係的態度──富者不會害怕寂寞

　　CHAPTER 7　對待金錢的態度──富者不會小看金錢

　　CHAPTER 8　投資的態度──投資方能成為完整的富者

富者其實一點也不特別，只是懂得從挫敗中學習，學習應對人性與社會的現實。

☆ 不是有錢就能稱為富者 ☆

　　有錢卻沒時間花，或是成天處在高壓環境、凡事緊張兮兮，並不能算是富者。擁有時間、人際、金錢這三種自由的人，才是真正的富者。

☆ 培養同理心 ☆

　　富者們都具備高度的同理心，畢竟，賺錢不能光憑一己之力，賺錢是得到他人錢財的行為。不論做生意或領薪水，都要學會換位思考。

　　☆ 承認謊言 ☆

　　從小被教育服從命令、說真話才是正義，讓我們出社會就失去競爭力。承認別人會為了私利說謊的事實，也要適當說些保護自己的謊言。

　　☆ 不講適性 ☆

　　說到底，工作只是致富的墊腳石。講求根本不存在的適性，東挑西揀自己的墊腳石，只會在抵達目的地之前失足落水。不要再思考工作是否適合自己，做就對了！

　　☆ 相較於該做的事，更應重視不該做的事 ☆

　　必須早起、不能浪費時間、妥善管理人脈等，並不是成功的要件，做與不做都無所謂。誤把不做也無所謂的事，當成一定要做的事，費盡心力，抱持錯誤的期待，只會衍生出更嚴重的問題！

推薦序讓自己站在期望值大的一邊／畢德歐夫

推薦序願正確的心態與你同在／愛瑞克

推薦序富有，是具備自由的能力／Jet Lee

序使你富有的不是金錢，是態度

前言何謂富者？

CHAPTER 1 富者的定義──富者一點也不特別

不是有錢就能稱為富者／定義富者的三大條件／

CHAPTER 2 基本態度──富者不是天生的

人情債總有一天要還／務必遵守原則／培養同理心／

傾聽十句，提問一句／讀書以求生存／持之以恆／

不要被無謂的良心左右／承認謊言／收斂自己的鋒芒／

不試鹹淡／不忘保持坦蕩／有架構地學習知識／

與其陷入擔憂，不如加以管控／深思熟慮的筆記狂／持續自我管理／

擇善固執／不要吝於花錢學習／比起後悔，更重視反省／

CHAPTER 3 工作的態度──富者不會樂在工作

四種工作類型／不講求適性／培養看清價值的能力／

即便是小事，也要找出更好的方法／致力於把每件事做到最好／建立系統／

相較於該做的事，更應重視不該做的事／學會正確的自我客觀化／

CHAPTER 4 身在職場的態度──富者不會挑工作

職場上，生存是優先要務／當下屬時，必須懂得忍耐／

找藉口把問題歸咎到別人身上吧／進行提升效率的自我開發／

CHAPTER 5 經商的態度──富者不會魯莽行動

富者不會魯莽行動／比起利潤，價值才是首選／

絕對不要相信競爭對手／優先考慮風險管理／筆記一切／

撰寫日記／／提升差異化／不可擺架子／

CHAPTER 6 對待關係的態度──富者不會害怕寂寞

人際關係很單純／有同事，沒朋友／努力和他人產生共鳴／

不因有趣而建立關係／絕對不要與人合夥／辭職後，必須改變彼此的關係／

CHAPTER 7 對待金錢的態度──富者不會小看金錢

不用錢的最貴／先學會如何花錢／勞動所得是必要的／

不要抱持偽善的金錢觀／以比率的概念計算金錢／不為他人消費／

不貪小便宜／不要持有太多的帳戶和信用卡／不要被行銷策略欺騙／

CHAPTER 8 投資的態度──投資方能成為完整的富者

投資方能成為完整的富者／及早領悟投資的必要性／投資收益透明的標的／

投資即時間管理／不要當全職投資者／提高金融知識／

第一次投資，就從競標法拍屋做起／

結語想要成為富者，就先培養態度吧！

網路資料：

老子有錢

歌詞

老子有錢當大爺有標價錢的都不算貴

忍氣吞聲點點點還不是為了那錢錢錢

老子有錢當大爺有錢大家都不喊累

她露事業線 OH 點點點還不是為了那個

一起喝香檳玩親親走到哪裡我都算是貴賓

雖然我長的像郭桂彬但講到錢我只輸給郭台銘

我是ATM前的Superman 數錢數到我打哈欠

銀行看到我來他們會說Damn

我的英文名子叫做Richman 我的小發財你快點跟我來

你怎麼還在省錢大作戰頭號戰犯你還慢慢來

財神爺走了你哭著說 Bye Bye ��名在望有人還在晃

整天晃來晃去就像是在觀光我以旁觀者的立場講老子有錢就是比你嗆

兩漢：佚名《刺巴郡守詩》

狗吠何喧喧，有吏來在門。

披衣出門應，府記欲得錢。

語窮乞請期，吏怒反見尤。

旋步顧家中，家中無可為。

思往從鄰貸，鄰人言已匱。

錢錢何難得，令我獨憔悴。

唐代：王梵志《吾富有錢時》

吾富有錢時，婦兒看我好。

吾若脫衣裳，與吾疊袍襖。

吾出經求去，送吾即上道。

將錢入舍來，見吾滿面笑。

繞吾白鴿旋，恰似鸚鵡鳥。

邂逅暫時貧，看吾即貌哨。

人有七貧時，七富還相報。

圖財不顧人，且看來時道。

宋代：汪灝《黃金篇》

神龍乘雲雨，利澤始及人。

壯士有黃金，顏色乃得伸。

郭穴安足慕，結念在所親。

冰雪閉雙扉，饑寒扣凌晨。

入座下聲氣，辭出難重陳。

不待言覼縷，已知情苦辛。

安得探床頭，持贈無逡巡。

一笑送客去，獨坐怡心神。

宋代：陳與義《書懷示友》

有錢可使鬼，無錢鬼揶揄。

百年堂前燕，萬事屋上烏。

微官不救飢，出處違壯圖。

相牛豈無經，種樹亦有書。

如何求二頃，歸臥淵明廬。

曝背對青山，鳥鳴人意舒。

試數門前客，終歲幾覆車。

范蠡出生於前536年10月22日（農曆前536年乙丑年九月初一）[1]，春秋楚國宛地三戶邑（今河南南陽淅川縣大石橋鄉至寺灣鎮間）人，是歷史上早期著名的政治家、軍事家和經濟學家。他出身貧寒，但聰敏睿智、胸藏韜略，年輕時，就學富五車，上曉天文、下識地理，滿腹經綸，文韜武略，無所不精。然縱有聖人之資，在當時貴胄專權、政治紊亂的楚國，范蠡卻不為世人所識。范蠡之著作今已散佚，計有《兵法》及《養魚經》二書，於《文選》中可略見該二書之引句。晉人蔡謨之後因認為「計然」為范蠡著作之書篇名，因此相傳有《計然》一書散佚，漢唐、三國等史料多以計然為人名，清朝以前多數著述也多半認為計然為范蠡之師。

《范子計然》出自唐馬總的《意林》一書，作者並非范蠡。《陶朱公生意經》則是根據陶朱公的經商思想加工整理而成，又稱《陶朱公商經》、《陶朱公商訓》或《陶朱公經商十八則》也非范蠡著作。

陶朱公《商訓》

能識人。知人善惡，賬目不負。

能接納。禮文相待，交關者眾。

能安業。厭故喜新，商賈大病。

能整頓。貨物整齊，奪人心目。

能敏捷。猶豫不決，終歸無成。

能討賬。勤謹不怠，取討自多。

能用人。因才器使，任事有賴。

能辯論。生財有道，闡發愚蒙。

能辦貨。置貨不苛，蝕本便經。

能知機。售貯隨時，可稱名哲。

能倡率。躬行以律，親感自生。

能運數。多寡寬緊，酌中而行。

《陶朱公經商十八法》

生意要勤快，切勿懶惰，懶惰則百事廢。

接納要謙和，切勿暴躁，暴躁則交易少。

價格要訂明，切勿含糊，含糊則爭執多。

賬目要稽查，切勿懈怠，懈怠則資本滯。

貨物要整理，切勿散漫，散漫則查點難。

出納要謹慎，切勿大意，大意則錯漏多。

期限要約定，切勿延遲，延遲則信用失。

臨事要盡責，切勿放任，放任則受害大。

用度要節儉，切勿奢侈，奢侈則錢財竭。

買賣要隨時，切勿拖延，拖延則機會失。

賒欠要識人，切勿濫出，濫出則血本虧。

優劣要分清，切勿混淆，混淆則耗用大。

用人要方正，切勿歪斜，歪斜則託付難。

貨物要面驗，切勿濫入，濫入則質價低。

錢賬要清楚，切勿糊塗，糊塗則弊竇生。

主心要鎮定，切勿妄作，妄作則誤事多。

工作要細心，切勿粗糙，粗糙則出劣品。

説話要規矩，切勿浮躁，浮躁則失事多。[1]

陶朱致富《十二戒》

勿鄙陋，勿虛華，勿優柔，

勿強辨，勿懶惰，勿固執，

勿輕出，勿貪賒，勿爭趣，

勿薄育，勿昧時，勿痴賃。

陶朱五字商訓：天，地，人，神，鬼。

天：為先天之智，經商之本；

地：為後天修為，靠誠信立身；

人：為仁義，懂取捨，講究“君子愛才，取之有道”；

神：為勇強，遇事果敢，敢闖敢幹；

鬼：為心機，手法活絡，能“翻手為雲，覆手為雨”。期

商聖陶朱公經商“三謀三略”

一、《三謀》：

《人謀》

用人要正，忠奸定興廢。

大事要慎，妄託受大害。

待人忌躁，暴躁交易少。

處事宜靜，浮躁誤事多。

言行宜和，和氣能生財。

做事宜勤，懶惰百事廢。

《事謀》

用度宜儉，奢華財源敗。

做工宜精，粗糙出劣品。

貨期要準，馬虎失信用。

交易要速，拖延失良機。

進貨要嚴，濫入貨價減。

出納要謹，潦草差錯多。

《物謀》

優劣要清，混淆耗損大。

存物要整，散漫難查點。

價格要明，含糊多爭執。

賒欠要審，濫出虧血本。

帳目要清，糊塗弊端生。

查帳要勤，懈怠滯本金。

二、《三略》：

《貨略》、《價略》、《市略》

積著之理，務完物，審貴賤，無息幣。

范蠡説的“三略”是聚財的原理，他歸納為三點：務完物，審貴賤，無息幣。意思是説，貨物的品質要完美，要注意價格變化規律，莫要使貨幣停止流動。

務完物是《貨略》的核心，他説：“以物相貿易，而食之貨勿留，無敢居貴。”

審貴賤是《價略》的核心，價格問題頗為複雜。范蠡主要強調：“論其有餘不足則貴賤之。貴上極則反賤，賤下極則反貴。貴出如糞土，賤取如珠玉。”范蠡説的價格原理，就是貨物供求關係的有餘與不足；他指出了價格變化中物極必反的規律，“貴出如糞土，賤取如珠玉”乃是范蠡經營商業的名言。

《市略》講資本金營運策略。范蠡的“無息幣”就是説貨物、資金都要不停地循環，運轉。他説，如此“則幣欲其行如流水。”幣即錢，錢即泉，川流不息，乃至大匯。

大商之道！

大商與小商的區別：

於已有利而於人無利者，小商也；

於已有利而於人亦有利者，大商也；

於人有利，於已無利者，非商也；

損人之利以利已之利者，奸商也。

大商之經商，有如伊尹，姜子牙之於治國；孫

子，吳起之於用兵；商鞅之於變法；其學問之精深，道法之玄奧，意氣之宏遠，境界之高明，豈是空想妄論之輩，俚諺俗語所能達到的。

大凡天下之學問，萬事成敗，皆不出道與術這兩

大範疇。道是河，術是舟；道是舵，術是槳。無河無以載舟，無舟難以渡河。無舵則無方向，無槳則無動力。所以道是方向，術是方法；道是法則，術是謀略。謀者，韜略也，漢書藝文志雲：謀略，以正守國，以奇用兵，先計而後戰，天下之謀略，無論應用於何時何事，時謀，地謀，人謀這三則。陶朱公著有，陶朱商經十八法，分為三謀和三略，是為：人謀，事謀，物謀；貨略，價略，市略；

這三謀三略，乃陶朱商經十八法之要義。

陶朱公范蠡《商訓》十二戒

勿卑陋：應納無文，交闌不至。

勿優柔：胸無果敢，經營不振。

勿懶惰：取計不務，帳目無有。

勿輕出：貨物輕出，血本必虧。

勿爭趨：貨重爭趨，須防跌價。

勿昧時：依時貯發，各有常道。

勿虛華：用度無節，破敗之端。

勿強辯：暴以待人，禍患難免。

勿固執：拘執不通，便成枯木。

勿貪賒：貪賒多誘，承賣莫續。

勿薄蓄：貨錢貯積，恢復必速。

勿痴貨：優劣不分，貽害匪淺。

商聖范蠡陶朱公

陶朱公范蠡的十窮歌

第一窮：逐漸窮，多因晃蕩不經營。

第二窮：容易窮，不惜錢財手頭松。

第三窮：邋遢窮，朝朝睡到日頭紅。

第四窮：懶惰窮，家有天地不務農。

第五窮：攀高窮，結識誼富為朋友。

第六窮：爭氣窮，好打官司逞英雄。

第七窮：擺闊窮，借債納利裝門風。

第八窮：命弄窮，妻孥妾懶子飄蓬。

第九窮：局騙窮，子孫相交不良朋。

第十窮：徹底窮，好賭貪花戀酒精。

陶朱公范蠡的十富歌

第一富：勤儉富，不辭辛苦走道路。

第二富：忠厚富，買賣公平多主顧。

第三富：留心富，聽的雞鳴離床鋪。

第四富：終究富，手足不停理家務。

第五富：謹慎富，常防火盜管門戶。

第六富：守分富，不去為非犯法度。

第七富：同心富，合家大小相幫助。

第八富：幫家富，妻兒賢慧無欺妒。

第九富：後代富，教子訓孫立門戶。

第十富：為善富，存心積德天佑護。

“兩害相權取其輕！”

“無事時如有事般提防，方可彌意外之變；有事

時如無事般鎮定，才能消局中之危。”

在經商的過程中，或是日常生活中，如果利益

雙方得不到平衡，那麼就會產生矛盾和衝突，如果矛盾和

衝突得不到合理的解決辦法，那麼最終誰的目的都達不到。予，就是合理解決這一矛盾衝突的最好辦法。通過這個辦法，解決了利益各方之間的平衡，最後達到了取的目的。

逞強蠻幹是絕不行的，一個成功的商人，首先要懂得商道之本，還要善於審時度勢，溝通權變，要善於聯繫各色人物，調和各種矛盾，明辨禍福利弊，也要善於轉輸貨物，商略價格，拓展市場。

只有這樣，才能在商海中立於不敗之地！

下棋的最高境界是和棋！利緣義取，大商無算。

參考資料

0 notes

shihlun · 3 years

Text

作為風景的城市（松田政男）

(1970)

真是奇妙的祭典。說是祭典，當然有神輿也有山車，因而醞釀出了其特別的華麗氣氛。由神主帶領的祭禮一行，接連引來了周邊的孩子們，向著這個地方城市狹小的中心部略高處被祭祀的神明的神社邁步前進。注意到某個極小事實的瞬間，拍攝這次祭典的我們無法抑制地捧腹大笑起來。雖然沒有地方城市的這種祭典所應該特有的遊客的身影，但是，這個小小的祭典的隊列，卻在我們失禮的哄笑之外，作為一年一度的盛夏的儀式靜靜地前進著。

我們哄笑的原因，是因為祭典的隊列是模仿諸侯出行的陣仗（大名行列）而形成的。典型的那種由毛槍朝天高舉，腳步一致，喊著「向前、向前（下ニィ、下ニィ）」的人打頭陣，搬文箱、長持的人隨後，著裃服騎馬的武士威嚴地緊跟著，簡單來說，我們聽到「大名行列」這個詞時所喚起的意象，完整地，完全像畫出來一般展現出來。不對，定睛一看，還有一群穿著只能認為是公卿裝束的男人。像前述所說，有在每個路口立定、進行除災儀式的神主，有神輿和山車，有笛子和大鼓，什麼都有。有的是我們從小在現實生活中或者畫像和影像中慢慢熟悉起來的，「祭典」的全部的類型。然後，沒有的是「祭典」所一定會伴有的「狂熱」。

那是北海道的北邊，面對鄂霍次克海的網走市。為何網走神社的祭典中會有大名行列呢？這個單純明快的疑問，與其說是我們哄笑的原因，不如說是我們怎麼也沒法不去注意的地方。不用參考網走市役所發行的《網走小史》，我們也知道這裡有原住民鄂霍次克式陶器人的遺跡與遺物，四百年以前起是江戶時代的阿依努期，是阿依努人居住之地。不用說，在松前藩的經濟支配，幕末由於軍事需要而來的幕府的政治管理的過程中，也有與日本人的來往。但是，日本人大量渡來還是在一八八〇（明治十三）年網走村設置郡役所之後的事情。因為四年後開設了小學與寺院，土地神（鎮守）的神社的創立，也自然應該是那之後的事情。

具體的歷史上從未存在過大名行列的北方城市的祭典裡，突然出現了魔幻的大名行列這件事情，對我們來說，是應該在最初的殖民者的記憶中作為遺制殘存下來的強烈的共同性中尋找嗎？我在這裡，比方說，應該也可以像《網走小史》一樣，用下面的方式，引用阿依努人原住民樸素的祭典原型，將本土的民俗與殖民者的民俗的競逐過程作為考察對象：

「為此處報春的最初的訪問者，是乘著流水而來的海豹。在冰川間的縫隙中進行的獵海豹，足夠滿足了自然的孩子的冒險的心。部落的人們，每到此時期就會乘舟靠近帽子岩，在島上設立祭壇，以幣束裝飾。一族之長對著海的方向祈禱漁業豐盛。⋯⋯帽子岩是將阿依努族的生活與神連結在一起的聖地，因此人們都將這座島稱為『充血(チバシリ)』。」

但是，我們至少在這裡，與這個名為網走的地方小城市的祭典儀式活動毫無關係，只能確定這不過是在各種意義上對中央大城市殘留的傳統祭典的最壞意義上的模仿，並將其傳達出來而已。今天，聖地「充血」不過是一塊僅僅保留了網走名字來源的記憶的奇形怪狀的石頭。而且，正如我之前所述的，網走神社祭並沒有遊客的身影的事實所示，對於這種將邊境的遺制破壞地體無完膚的直接從中央輸入的祭典方式，關心的人寥寥無幾。夏天來到網走的年輕遊客反而都在參觀離網走神社最遠之地的網走刑務所。今天，網走的聖地連名字都變成了網走番外地，其所祭拜的神，也變成了電影演員一般的存在的同時，從空洞的大名行列中讀出了強烈的諷刺的，難道真的只有我嗎？

話說回來，說到敘述的順序，這裡應該簡單提及一下我們在這裡偶然遇見網走模仿的祭典活動的攝影旅行的目的。一九六九年從夏至冬，我與很少的幾個朋友一起，追隨一名少年的足跡做了一部紀錄片。六九年末勉強工作告一段落的這部電影，以「去年秋天在四個城市用同一把手槍發生了四起殺人事件今年春天一名十九歲的少年被捕他被稱為連續射殺魔」為片頭字幕，「一九六八年秋天在四個城市用同一把手槍發生了四起殺人事件，一九六九年春天一名十九歲的少年被捕他被稱為連續射殺魔」為片尾字幕，包含了一小時二十六分的結構。如其所示，是關於「連續射殺魔」永山則夫的電影。網走是永山則夫出生、度過了幼年的地方。

這篇文章並非是要直接介紹我們的電影，但是作為完全追踪了永山則夫廣泛的足跡的結果，經過了北海道、東北、關東、東海、近畿等各大城市，根據我自己四個月的體驗，我不能不談對於出生於網走市郊呼人番外地、長於網走市內的永山則夫五歲時全家搬至的青森縣北津輕郡板柳町的印象。而且不得不說，我在這個地方小鎮感受到的是和網走完全相同的印象。我們當時看到的是明顯磨滅了地方的獨特性，只能稱作是中央的複製的同質化的風景。殖民城市網走，本土城鎮板柳，再誇張一些說，中央都市東京，在我們的眼中都以毫無差別的相同的面貌出現。

然後，不知怎的，好像不止我們，還有別人也有同樣的經驗，在北國陰暗的風土中尋找永山則夫犯罪的原因，卻被大大地欺騙了。說起來，某位電視人曾這樣記述這個兩萬三千人的小鎮：

「永山則夫一被逮捕，報紙和電視就迅速動員學者、作家、評論家們創造他的形象。……這些知識分子中最有說服力的，是同樣出身青森、有同樣遭遇的詩人、地下劇團主宰者T氏的發言。他將永山則夫形容成在東京沙漠徬徨的都會吉普賽人，令其抱有噩夢般的殺意的，據說是養育了他的『北國的荒涼的天空』。……但是，離上野十三個小時的板柳的天空卻明亮得令人訝異。沒有霧霾的明亮的藍天下，岩木山閃耀著銀白色。……」（《紀錄片青春》自由國民社刊行）

這位紀錄片作者，在直率地敘述了「荒涼的北國」的形象的破壞後，舉出了城市的豐饒的各種數據。比他晚三個月，已經過了春天而在夏天拜訪這座城市的我們，已經如前述有著和他相同的見聞。青森出身的詩人「T氏」（即寺山修司）大概可以斥責我們，認為這些感想乃作為一群不負責任的遊客的，即時且隨便的感想。的確，並未體驗到寒冬的津輕的我們，並沒有「荒涼的北國」的意象。但是可以說，我們的遊客之眼，與只能看到「中央=豐饒」、「地方=荒涼」之刻板印象的地方出身的半調子知識分子的眼，恰好形成了對照的兩極。無論是中央還是地方，都市還是邊境，「東京」還是「故鄉」，現在都只有等質化的風景。我們即使是看到了津輕平原的廣漠上連綿的蘋果園，也絕不會想到綠色的森林，而只能看到令我們聯想到我們灰色首都所散佈的污染的農業。不用說，「荒涼的天空」也是稱呼我們霧霾漂浮宙天的名字。

因此，我們在鄂霍次克沿岸的東北的平原，也沒能發現或許孕育了永山則夫的「故鄉」。不如說我們看見的不過是縮小版的「東京」。永山則夫小學時代居住的板柳町一角稱作入福住宅的小型貧民窟，大概也可以指定為東京的任何一處。谷川雁說「不要去東京，創造故鄉吧」之時，那種作為前提的「東京」對立於「故鄉」的圖式，在六十年代的死胡同中，終於不再是有效的事實，我們必須去確認。我們壟斷的高度成長，難道不是表現出日本列島作為一個巨大的都市，每天都在往一個同質化的方向發展嗎？

無需說，從資本主義經濟法則的側面，將永山則夫作為地方年輕人口向城市集中的典型事例說明，也不過是將其拉入客觀主義的大網。如此，他是在響應寺山修司「離家出走的建議」，捨棄了「故鄉」而到了「東京」來嗎？恐怕要揚棄谷川雁與寺山修司兩方的高談闊論，才有真正的答案。即，無數的永山則夫，無疑是想要前往「東京」，創造自己的「故鄉」的。正是在「東京」，才有他們所尋找的原初的東西。要說為什麼，對於他們來說的「故鄉」，不過是「東京」的模擬而已。他們對於「東京」所注入的狂熱的凝視，只能說是在不可見的領域中雕刻他們的真正的「故鄉」了。去往「東京」之旅，即是去往他們的原初世界的旅行。他們一刻不停地在進行著，與在偏僻地方和離島中找出現在的我們的過去的祖型的民俗學者方向完全相反（vector）的旅行。

從這件事來說，「離家出走的建議」的提倡者寺山修司，對於永山則夫的流浪，初看上去似乎以同情者的身份浮現，但當他結論出「人被歷史拋棄時，就會援用地理」這一巧妙的宣言時，就不自覺陷入了寺山自己排斥的「歷史性的思考」了。寺山修司著作中對於永山則夫的結論，不過是道學家式地指責其缺乏「思想的力量」、「想像力」，以及「戲劇性的想像力」而已。寺山修司從未將自己的想像靠近這一現實，即永山則夫（們）其實正是僅通過「地理」上的流浪，這群下層社會的無名大眾才能創造出他（們）「歷史」上的定在。雖然寺山說「為了判別一個行為是英雄性還是犯罪行為，過多的『狀況論』將我們緊緊束縛」，但在與「狀況論」甚至「情況論」無關之處，即便是針對將「行動的力量」而非「思想的力量」作為動力而生存的人們，以提昇道德的口吻高談「想像力的復權」，恐怕也不會有任何成果。

「歷史」還是「地理」的二選一思考方式，正是深深刻在提出者內部的歷史性思考方式，這種思考方式的所有者將其直接轉移至地理上的思考。即，在他的腦中，以他的「想像力」放上一張日本列島的空白地圖，在上面填上永山則夫流浪的足跡，最後所得到的也就是這麼多。此一永山則夫之旅，只要在某種「原初世界之旅」的前提上，便設想能透過連接他曾經過的外部世界的地點，便會浮現出其內部世界的地圖，並設想大概會出現奇形怪狀的景象吧。在這裡，還是先交代永山則夫流浪的記錄和分期。這也同時是我們的旅程——

網走市郊外—網走市內—板柳—（離家出走）弘前—青森—函館—板柳—（離家出走）山形—福島—板柳—（為了集團應聘上京）

東京·澀谷—（辭職、秘密出航）橫濱—名古屋—香港—橫濱—小山—（就業）宇都宮—（以下各地流轉）大阪—守口—東京·羽田—川崎—橫須賀—川崎—東京·淀橋及東中野��池袋—巢鴨—小田原—熱海—名古屋—大阪—神戶—（秘密航行）橫濱—東京·練馬—西荻窪及東中野—板柳—東京—長野

橫須賀—東京·池袋—（以下各地流轉）芝—京都—橫濱—東京·池袋—函館—小樽—札幌—函館—名古屋—橫濱—東京·新宿及中野—橫濱—東京·原宿

第一次流浪的分期十五年，第二次的分期三年半，第三次的分期為半年，有各自的長度。可以視作成長、生活、犯罪三個不同的階段，各自的分期在空間擴大的同時，表現出時間上的反比關係，應該是很容易注意到的。日本列島對於永山則夫，不正是作為某種非歐幾里得空間（non-Euclidean space），奇怪地歪曲、溶解、流動嗎？然後，即使這樣還，或者說正因如此才，應該點出的是沿著永山則夫的軌跡而再現了四個月間橫貫列島之旅的我們的眼睛，看見的是已經敘述過的，所有的地方或邊境的街道上映出的，作為同質化了的風景出現的景象。

追尋已經失去的原初的「故鄉」之旅，常常以無論去何處發現的都是相似的風景而告終。種村季弘在最近的文章中，以模仿本雅明的口吻敘述了「將陌生的城市認作出生的城市，將出生的城市認作陌生的城市的反向透視法（逆遠近法）」（《都市》創刊號），而我們的日本列島所有的，恐怕無疑是「陌生的城市」與「出生的城市」之間生長出的，無可救藥的時間和空間的扭曲所呈現在眼前的風景的同質化而已。這種風景如今無法代換成自然、風土之類的詞語，因為這種風景，是天然與人工突兀地對撞、裁剪下的產物。就如同以前在《薔薇與無名者》（芳賀書店刊行）中斷言的那樣，永山則夫沒有終點的「原初之旅」，必然是「為了將風景割裂而射發了子彈」。

我們在永山則夫的紀錄片的攝影過程裡，首要任務是反覆深化我們的視角，藉此嘗試捕捉作為風景的日本列島，除此之外一無所知。即使是同樣的旅程路線，我們所經歷的時間與空間仍不同於與永山則夫的軌跡。如果在兩者的時空中提煉出某種元素，那就真的變成風景了，就像繪畫一樣的，澡堂中的巨大筆劃一樣的，毫無掩飾欺騙（何のケレン味もない）的風景本身了。我們似乎在摸索與本雅明評價二十世紀初無名攝影家阿傑（Atget）所致力捕捉的「捕捉巴黎無人的街道的風景」，與下面的格言所述恰相反的循環：

「都說他以拍攝犯罪現場的方式拍攝風景，也的確如此。犯罪現場並沒有人通過。攝影是為了創造間接證據。照片經由阿傑，開始變成了歷史過程的證物。」（《複製技術時代的藝術》紀伊國屋書店刊）

我們與阿傑相反，是以拍攝風景的方式拍攝犯罪現場。雖然本雅明認為「對於群眾，城市有時是風景，有時是房間」，我們的攝影機之眼所看到的，只有「作為風景的城市」，而從未能到達「作為房間的城市」。這恐怕處於一種我們被周圍敵對的狀態，但與喜歡言必稱「狀況」或「情況」的知識分子的語彙不同，這說不定是可以從外側的物質性去感受到，一個除了風景以外、本身一無所有的下層大眾的唯一方法。無需贅言。只需強調我們所嘗試的，是透過風景去直接面對他的，或我們自己的，那個「不可見的故鄉」。

因此，我們在旅程的終點，在永山則夫數次返回的「東京」——可以視為來自邊境、不斷流浪的下層大眾之「故鄉」原型的這個混亂的巨大都市中摸索。然而，在我們的首都，是否曾經有過從那個地方城市的「祭典」所缺失的原初的狂熱呢？無需說，是不可能的。十月末秋季的某一天，通過新宿街頭的那次稱作「新宿祭」的空蕩蕩的遊行，我們恐怕永遠也無法忘記吧。在那幾天前，由某個宗教團體的鼓號隊帶領通過的祭典隊列，竟然成為了某種電視綜藝節目的絲毫不差的仿寫物。竟然將自己生出的媒體的「影子」模仿了個徹底，這個悲慘的本體！與此對應地，這裡化作了一個人影也沒有，只有機動隊的制服與自警團的私服非常顯眼的，彷彿戒嚴令下的死亡的街道。或許，那甚至不是風景，而是風景的葬送。「噓，安靜點！葬禮的隊列要從你身邊過去了。將你的雙膝跪地拜倒吧，唱起送葬的歌謠吧！」（Lautréamont）

然而，追尋更加原初的東西而帶著初生的能量加速度，嘗試在「東京」中實現「故鄉」的下層大眾，大概並不知道該去向何處吧。厭倦了模仿的祭典，慢慢看清了「東京」的背叛，他們像列斐伏爾評價巴黎公社那般，在「『祭典/節慶』之風格即公社的風格」之意義上，為了追尋一種真正祭典的狂熱，於焉開啟了沒有終點的「旅程」。這次，為了寫這篇稿子，讀了一些城市規劃與建築專家的都市論，其中唯一不停激發我思考的，是水木薰針對羽仁五郎的激進批判，說起來，水木薰是如此評價這種「旅程」的原初型態的：

「……他們輕易地擺脫了來自家庭與地方的權力束縛，獲得自由。然而，這種自由卻是透明危殆、難以依賴的。他們在巨型都市（megalopolis）中開始了浮游的生活，那甚至能不能稱之為生活呢？與這樣的社會底部的流動相比，希臘有拱廊（agora）的城市，而文藝復興時有據說是基於市民之自由與平等建造的的城邦國家，與此相比，他們有多麼不加思索或無能為力，只要考慮其流亡之劇的各種苦痛就十分清楚了。日大鬥爭，在某種意義上來說，可以視作是捨棄了故鄉的貧窮的年輕人，對大都市東京的反抗吧。失去了目的地的地方中小城市的中小工商業者的孩子們，如果不是不停地叛亂，甚至無法生存下去。」（《革命與烏托邦》芳賀書店刊行）

「捨棄了故鄉的貧窮的年輕人」，是在「對大都市東京的反抗」中，實現他們真正的故鄉的。水木薰的都市論的優越之處在於，不在歷史或當代的標準上為城市定位，而是從生成、爛熟、死滅的具體的運動過程中找到其位置。這是比吉本隆明提出的暗示性問題「城市何以為城市」更進一步，是「城市何以不再是城市」的一種反問。啊，城市的死滅！拒絕無名大眾所不停上演的「流亡之劇」在地方和中央、農村和城市、邊境和首都等等近似的兩分法中彷彿達成了的虛假的上升的錯覺，反而能夠直視，追溯人群的「原初」旅程，其實僅是意味著從下層到下層，從底部到底部，從貧民窟到貧民窟的移動，這不正是唯有能夠提出此種論斷，看清這一事實的透徹視點之人，才首先能從口中吐出的詞語嗎？

那時，他就不再會將城市視作風景，而是將激進地貫徹城市作為房間的屬性了。

我在這裡突然想起了雷吉斯·德布雷（Régis Debray）將城市稱作「可居煉獄」的苦澀發言。不用說，德布雷是在將討論範疇小心謹慎的限定在「與苦惱於人口集中的亞洲歐洲大城市相比的⋯⋯加勒比海諸城市」，即使知道這一點，不妨讓我們再仔細看看吧。

「住在城市裡的人們，即便是同志，與游擊戰士比較起來也在不知不覺中慢慢變成了市民階級。他們對於自己的行為，即餐飲、睡眠、移動等生存所要求的物質的艱苦為何物，已經不能理解了。游擊戰士是靠自己，用自己的手，自然地製造物質的，而他們已經不具備維持生命的手段了。城市人僅僅作為一名消費者存在。……對於每個人來說，人生都是不平等的，被給予的事物。人生作為完成的商品，在商店裡排成一排……雖然常說，我們泡在社會生活的浴缸裡，但是泡太久澡對於身體也是不好的。要理解這個不溫不火的孵化器，在多大程度上令人類發育不全，令人市民階級化，僅有一種方法，那就是跳出這個孵化器。」（《革命中的革命》晶文社刊行）

雷吉斯·德布雷在這個意義上，將「城市」作為對立面，將游擊戰士的真正的故鄉認定為「山地」。能嘲笑這種關於第三世界的斷言肯定命題式都市論的教條性和形而上性，是一件幸運的事情。我們生活在高度壟斷集中的核心，身處於日本列島整體化作一個巨大城市的變化轉型期裡。毋寧說，對我們而言，可以回歸的「山地」是不存在的。但是，我們在將城市佔領、解體，作為我們共同空間的革命長期戰爭中，如欲作為一名游擊戰士而生活下去，則必須在這個「可居煉獄」的正中間，立起我們所認定的「山地」。身在日本這個懷有對第三世界掠奪與殺戮原罪的、反革命的「祖國」，我們別無他法，只能竭力將此一煉獄實現為靈魂的淨化場。

正如各種「未來」學者與其亞流所奉上的漫不經心讚辭那般，據說我們正在進入的本世紀最後二十年，可預測的長期投資額累積達到五百兆元。在考慮戰後二十年國民生產總值上升至世界第三位的日本資本主義，在這個列島上投下的資本總額已經不能以三十兆而是以五十兆元來計算的事情時，接下來二十年的十倍投資，將無疑進一步促進日本列島巨大的城市化。然而我們不能將這份壟斷的奢昂攻勢視為日本帝國主義起飛的暗號，而要將其當作耳邊的喪鐘來聽。我們已經跟上了在風景的同質化中，從一個城市流浪到另一個城市的無名大眾的足跡。他們決沒有「主張真理是屬於自己的。他們從未『說出』自己代表了真理。因為他們『就是』真理本身。」（弗朗茲·法農）我們恐怕初次見證了我們下層無產者形成階級的轉型期。他們以流浪的存在形態佔領都市，作為資本主義的掘墓人，開始慢慢浮出水面。

「不可見的故鄉」在對真實的祭典的不斷試錯中將徐徐浮現。「必要的是在暗中突然出現的偶然的縫隙。只要有『縫隙』，人類就可以開始一些行動。人類是在自己的慾望相互碰撞、混沌的雜亂（chaos）裡生存著。」水木薰此處道破的條件，不可避免地將要到來。

必要的不是對下層大眾進行什麼「戲劇性想像力的復權」的說教。我們自身必須開始，邁向一趟為實現我們自身真理而戰鬥的，超越風景的旅程。

松田政男，風景としての都市

『風景の死滅』1972年1月20日

參考翻譯：1、2

#松田政男 #masao matsuda #landscape theory #風景論 #fukeiron #足立正生 #masao adachi #aka serial killer #a.k.a. serial killer #略称・連続射殺魔 #谷川雁 #寺山修司 #shuji terayama #gan tanigawa

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fuyonggu · 4 years

Text

Biography of Sima Jiong (Book of Jin 59)

齊武閔王冏，字景治，獻王攸之子也。少稱仁惠，好振施，有父風。初，攸有疾，武帝不信，遣太醫診候，皆言無病。及攸薨，帝往臨喪，冏號踴訴父病為醫所誣，詔即誅醫。由是見稱，遂得為嗣。元康中，拜散騎常侍，領左軍將軍、翊軍校尉。趙王倫密與相結，廢賈后，以功轉遊擊將軍。冏以位不滿意，有恨色。孫秀微覺之，且憚其在內，出為平東將軍、假節，鎮許昌。倫篡，遷鎮東大將軍、開府儀同三司，欲以寵安之。

Sima Jiong was styled Jingzhi; his posthumous title was Prince Wumin ("the Martial and Pitied") of Qi. He was the son of Prince Xian ("the Presented") of Qi, Sima You. Even as a child, Sima Jiong won acclaim for his kind and benevolent attitude and enjoyed being generous; he had the same spirit as his father.

Before Sima You's death, although he had become ill, Emperor Wu did not really believe that he was sick. So he sent the imperial doctors to examine and diagnose Sima You, and they declared that he was not ill. When Sima You then passed away and Emperor Wu went to attend the mourning service, Sima Jiong was in a fit of grief, declaring that the doctors had given false reports about Sima You's illness. Emperor Wu ordered the doctors put to death, and Sima Jiong won renown for this act and was permitted to inherit his father's title as Prince of Qi (although he was not the eldest son).

During the Yuankang reign era (291-300), Sima Jiong was appointed as a Cavalier In Regular Attendance, as acting General of the Left Army, and as Colonel Who Supports The Army. The Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun, secretly formed ties with him.

For his role in helping to depose Jia Nanfeng (in 300), Sima Jiong was appointed as General of Roaming Assault. But Sima Jiong was not satisfied by this position, and he often looked resentful. When Sun Xiu realized this, he was afraid to keep Sima Jiong too close at hand, so he had him sent away as General Who Pacifies The East and Credential Holder and had him garrison Xuchang.

When Sima Lun usurped the throne (in 301), he appointed Sima Jiong as Grand General Who Guards The East and granted him the privilege of a Separate Office with equal ceremonial to the Three Excellencies, in order to mollify and appease him.

冏因眾心怨望，潛與離狐王盛、潁川王處穆謀起兵誅倫。倫遣腹心張烏覘之，烏反，曰：「齊無異志。」冏既有成謀未發，恐或泄，乃與軍司管襲殺處穆，送首於倫，以安其意。謀定，乃收襲殺之。遂與豫州刺史何勖、龍驤將軍董艾等起軍，遣使告成都、河間、常山、新野四王，移檄天下征鎮、州郡縣國，咸使聞知。揚州刺史郗隆承檄，猶豫未決，參軍王邃斬之，送首於冏。冏屯軍陽翟，倫遣其將閭和、張泓、孫輔出堮阪，與冏交戰。冏軍失利，堅壘自守。會成都軍破倫眾于黃橋，冏乃出軍攻和等，大破之。及王輿廢倫，惠帝反正，冏誅討賊党既畢，率眾入洛，頓軍通章署，甲士數十萬，旌旗器械之盛，震於京都。天子就拜大司馬，加九錫之命，備物典策，如宣、景、文、武輔魏故事。

Sima Jiong was planning to take advantage of the anger and resentment of the people against Sima Lun, and he secretly plotted with Wang Sheng of Lihu and Wang Chumu of Yingchuan to rise up with soldiers to overthrow Sima Lun. But at the same time, Sima Lun had sent one of his confidantes, Zhang Wu, to keep a close eye on Sima Jiong. When Zhang Wu returned to the capital, he reported, "The Prince of Qi has no ulterior motives against you." And since Sima Jiong's plans were not yet complete, he was afraid that the plot might leak out. So he joined with his Army-Marshal, Guan Xi, to kill Wang Chumu, then sent Wang Chumu head to Sima Lun in order to allay his concerns. However, once Sima Jiong's plan was complete, he arrested Guan Xi and killed him.

Then Sima Jiong raised an army, together with the Inspector of Yuzhou, He Xu, the Dragon-Soaring General, Dong Ai, and others. He sent word around to inform others of his plot: the Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying, the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong, the Prince of Changshan, Sima Ai, and the Prince of Xinye, Sima Xin.

Sima Jiong sent out a proclamation of his intentions to every general or minister, to all the Generals Who Conquer, Generals Who Guard, Inspectors, Administrators, Prefects, and Interior Ministers, so that everyone might know what his designs were.

When the Inspector of Yanzhou, Chi Long, received Sima Jiong's proclamation, he was hesitant and could not decide whether to support him or not. But one of his Army Advisors, Wang Sui, beheaded Chi Long and sent his head to Sima Jiong.

Sima Jiong camped his army at Yangdi. Sima Lun sent his generals Zhang Hong, Lü He, and Sun Fu to march out through Eban, where they met Sima Jiong in battle. Sima Jiong had the worst of the fighting, so he withdrew into his defenses and fortified his ramparts. But in the meantime, Sima Ying's army routed Sima Lun's forces at Huangqiao. So Sima Jiong led his army out again and attacked Lü He and the others, this time greatly routing them.

Once the Princes had finished deposing Sima Lun and restoring Emperor Hui to the throne and Sima Jiong had completed his executions of Sima Lun's partisans in villainy, Sima Jiong led his troops into Luoyang, where he made arrangements for accommodating his troops. He had hundreds of thousands of armored soldiers, with a full panoply of flags and banners and military gear, and the capital region trembled.

Emperor Hui appointed Sima Jiong as Grand Marshal and granted him the Nine Bestowments. He was granted regent authority to handle all canons and policies, just as Sima Yi, Sima Shi, Sima Zhao, and Emperor Wu had once wielded such power on behalf of the government of Wei.

冏於是輔政，居攸故宮，置掾屬四十人。大築第館，北取五穀市，南開諸署，毀壞廬舍以百數，使大匠營制，與西宮等。鑿千秋門牆以通西閣，後房施鐘懸，前庭舞八佾，沈於酒色，不入朝見。坐拜百官，符敕三臺，選舉不均，惟寵親昵。以車騎將軍何勖領中領軍。封葛<方與>為牟平公，路秀小黃公，衛毅陰平公，劉真安鄉公，韓泰封丘公，號曰「五公」，委以心膂。殿中御史桓豹奏事，不先經冏府，即考竟之。於是朝廷側目，海內失望矣。南陽處士鄭方露版極諫，主簿王豹屢有箴規，冏並不能用，遂奏豹殺之。有白頭公入大司馬府大呼，言有兵起，不出甲子旬。即收殺之。

Sima Jiong thus acted as regent over the government. He lived in Sima You's old palace, and selected forty assistants and subordinates for himself. He greatly expanded the rooms and buildings of his palace, extending the estate north to reach the Five Grains Market and south to connect with the various government offices. He demolished hundreds of homes and buildings in the process. He ordered the Grand Architect to lay out his palace to be on the same scale as Emperor Hui's residence at the Western Palace. He bored a hole through the Qianqiu Gate to make a direct path to the Western Pavilion, and he hung up bells in his rear chambers and arrayed dancers in eight rows (an imperial privilege) in his front hall. He indulged himself in wine and sensual pleasures, not bothering to attend court.

Sima Jiong appointed various ministers without any ceremony, just granting the appointments from where he sat, and he issued commands to the Three Bureaus of the government simply by a mark. And in his selections and promotions, he was not impartial, but only favored those who were close to him and familiar. He appointed the General of Chariots and Cavalry, He Xu, as General Who Leads The Army of the Center. He also appointed Ge Yu as Duke of Mouping, Lu Xiu as Duke of Xiaohuang, Wei Yi as Duke of Yinping, Liu Zhen as Duke of Anxiang, and Han Tai as Duke of Fengqiu; they came to be known as the "Five Dukes", and all of them were Sima Jiong's close companions.

The Secretary of the Central Hall, Huan Bao, submitted a petition without first sending it to Sima Jiong's office for review, for which he was submitted to interrogation. From then on, the court ministers all glanced about in fear, and everyone within the Seas lost hope in Sima Jiong.

A recluse of Nanyang, Zheng Fang, submitted an essay harshly remonstrating with Sima Jiong (his essay is listed below). And one of the Registrars, Wang Bao, often warned Sima Jiong against what he was doing (his essays and biography are in the Biographies of Loyal Ministers). But Sima Jiong did not follow either of their advice, and he even arranged to have Wang Bao killed.

A white-haired gentleman ran into the office of the Grand Marshal, exclaiming that there would be an uprising soon, before the next Jiazi year (in 304). He was arrested and killed.

冏驕恣日甚，終無悛志。前賊曹屬孫惠復上諫曰：惠聞天下五難，四不可，而明公皆以居之矣。捐宗廟之主，忽千乘之重，躬貫甲胄，犯冒鋒刃，此一難也。奮三百之卒，決全勝之策，集四方之眾，致英豪之士，此二難也。舍殿堂之尊，居單幕之陋，安囂塵之慘，同將士之勞，此三難也。驅烏合之眾，當凶強之敵，任神武之略，無疑阻之懼，此四難也。檄六合之內，著盟信之誓，升幽宮之帝，復皇祚之業，此五難也。大名不可久荷，大功不可久任，大權不可久執，大威不可久居。未有行其五難而不以為難，遺其不可而謂之為可。惠竊所不安也。自永熙以來，十有一載，人不見德，惟戮是聞。公族構篡奪之禍，骨肉遭梟夷之刑，群王被囚檻之困，妃主有離絕之哀。曆觀前代，國家之禍，至親之亂，未有今日之甚者也。良史書過，後嗣何觀！天下所以不去于晉，符命長存於世者，主無嚴虐之暴，朝無酷烈之政，武帝餘恩，獻王遺愛，聖慈惠和，尚經人心。四海所系，實在於茲。今明公建不世之義，而未為不世之讓，天下惑之，思求所悟。長沙、成都，魯、衛之密，國之親親，與明公計功受賞，尚不自先。今公宜放桓、文之勳，邁臧、劄之風，芻狗萬物，不仁其化，崇親推近，功遂身退，委萬機于二王，命方岳於群後，燿義讓之旗，鳴思歸之鑾，宅大齊之墟，振泱泱之風，垂拱青、徐之域，高枕營丘之籓。金石不足以銘高，八音不足以讚美，姬文不得專聖於前，太伯不得獨賢於後。今明公忘亢極之悔，忽窮高之凶，棄五嶽之安，居累卵之危，外以權勢受疑，內以百揆損神。雖處高臺之上，逍遙重仞之墉，及其危亡之憂，過於潁、翟之慮。群下竦戰，莫之敢言。惠以衰亡之余，遭陽九之運，甘矢石之禍，赴大王之義，脫褐冠胄，從戎于許。契闊戰陣，功無可記，當隨風塵，待罪初服。屈原放斥，心存南郢；樂毅適趙，志戀北燕。況惠受恩，偏蒙識養，雖復暫違，情隆二臣，是以披露血誠，冒昧幹迕。言入身戮，義讓功舉，退就鈇鑕，此惠之死賢於生也。冏不納，亦不加罪。

Sima Jiong only grew more arrogant by the day, and he never did reform his desires.

A former official from the office of Bandit Management, Sun Hui, also wrote a letter to Sima Jiong remonstrating with him. He wrote,

"I have heard that Your Highness has faced five hardships to reach your current position, and I am familiar with four truths about the impermanence of power. Yet Your Highness remains unconcerned about any of these things.

"To set aside your gravity as keeper of your family’s ancestral temple and lay down your majesty of being lord of a domain of a thousand chariots in favor of personally donning armor and helmet and braving risks and facing dangers was the first hardship Your Highness undertook. To muster a band of three hundred fellows, devise plans for decisive and total victory, assemble soldiers from every corner, and gather together brave heroes was the second. To abandon the hallowed halls of your palace and dwell in the wretched conditions of a soldier's tent, peacefully enduring the noise and filth of the camp and sharing the labor and toil of the generals and soldiers was the third. To organize a flock of conscripts, prepare them to resist the fearsome might of the enemy, devise for them genius plans of martial prowess, and temper them with courage and resolve was the fourth. And to send out proclamations in every direction, gain the trust of sworn allies, restore the deposed Emperor to the throne, and revive the imperial fortunes was the fifth.

"At the same time, I observe these truths: even a great reputation cannot ensure one's position, even great merits cannot secure one in office, even great influence cannot be wielded forever, and even great authority cannot be counted to last.

"Yet Your Highness does not recognize the extent of these five hardships you faced to get where you are, nor do you acknowledge these four truths. I cannot help but be concerned for you.

"In the eleven years since the start of the Yongxi era (in 290), there have been no instances of public virtue, but only reports of slaughter. The imperial clan has suffered the disasters of usurpations and struggles for power, and imperial relatives have inflicted punishments and executions against their own flesh and blood; princes have endured the indignities of jail cells and prison carts, and consorts have lamented their fates of being cut off and set aside. Indeed, in all of history, though we read of states that suffered disasters and close relatives that warred among themselves, never has there been a situation as dire as this one. If the historians be honest about our faults, how will our descendants ever bear to read about them?

"Why then has the realm not abandoned Jin, and why has the Mandate not passed from our dynasty? Only because the ruler has not exhibited tyranny and severity and the court has not governed with violence and cruelty, because of the enduring grace of Emperor Wu and the lasting love of Prince Xian (Sima You). It was their sage benevolence and their kindly magnanimity which bound the hearts of the people toward Jin. And these are the things which secure the support of all those within the Four Seas.

"Now although Your Highness displayed an unparalleled sense of righteousness when you led your uprising against the usurper, still you have failed to show an equivalent sense of peerless virtue by yielding your position afterwards. The realm wonders at the reasons for this, and they seek an answer. Furthermore, the Princes of Changsha (Sima Ai) and Chengdu (Sima Ying) have the same close bond to one another as the ancient lords of Lu and Wey, they are the immediate family members of the Emperor (as his younger brothers), and when one considers whom among the three of you accomplished the most during the recent campaign and deserved the greatest rewards, it is difficult to be certain that Your Highness has an undisputed claim to supremacy. By continuing what you are currently doing, Your Highness will be giving up the good achievements of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin when they selflessly rescued the royal family of Zhou from peril, and treading the same path as Zang and Zha instead. Straw dogs and all the beings of creation are not treated any differently out of any consideration of benevolence.

"Your Highness should honor your relatives and yield in favor of those near in stature to you, considering that your work is complete and withdrawing from the center. Entrust affairs to the two Princes, while you supervise the heirs of the various feudal lords. Display the banner of your righteous intention to yield power and sound the call of your wish to return to your noble fief, dwell within your domain as lord of the great Qi region, catch the spirit of the billowing wind, take the areas of Qingzhou and Xuzhou into your hands, and stand proud at your post at Yingqiu. If you do these things, then even gold will not be a good enough medium to record the greatness of your achievements and even the Eight Sounds will not be sufficient tunes to sing your praises; Ji Wen (King Wen of Zhou) would no longer have the sole claim for sagacity, nor Taibo for worthiness.

"But if you forget the dangers of the great precipice you are standing upon and heedlessly ascend towards the summit, you would be abandoning the security of the Five Peaks and making your position as precarious as a stack of eggs. Without, your power and authority would invite suspicion, and within, your reputation among the officials would suffer. Even if you were to venture to the top of a high terrace or seclude yourself behind rows of walls, I would still presume to fear for your safety, even more now than at the time of Yingchuan and Yangdi (during the uprising). Your subordinates quiver with fear for you, but none dare say a word.

"Now who am I, Sun Hui, to tell you these things? Nothing but a sad remnant in fact. But inviting the onset of calamity and welcoming the perils of the slings and arrows, I once rushed to Your Highness's righteous call; casting aside my common clothes and putting on my helmet, I followed your army to Xu (Xuchang). Of great and glorious deeds in the line of battle, I have none to claim. Yet I followed you through the wind and dust of those days, and I am prepared to receive punishment in addressing you now. Though Qu Yuan was exiled, his heart was always with Ying in the south; though Yue Yi fled to Zhao, his thoughts were always with Yan in the north. Can it be any different with me, who has received your grace and was blessed with your recognition and your care? Though it may seem that I go against your wishes, I am your man through and through; I am baring my flesh to show the sincerity of my blood, and it is thus that I offer you such unpalatable advice. Having presented my words, I am prepared for my punishment. If by writing these things I can convince you to righteously yield power and to secure your achievements, I go to the chopping block willingly, for it would be a worthy end to my life."

Though Sima Jiong did not accept Sun Hui's advice, neither did he punish him.

翊軍校尉李含奔于長安，詐云受密詔，使河間王顒誅冏，因導以利謀。顒從之，上表曰：王室多故，禍難罔已。大司馬冏雖唱義有興復皇位之功，而定都邑，克寧社稷，實成都王勳力也。而冏不能固守臣節，實協異望。在許昌營有東西掖門，官置治書侍御史，長史、司馬直立左右，如侍臣之儀。京城大清，篡逆誅夷，而率百萬之眾來繞洛城。阻兵經年，不一朝覲，百官拜伏，晏然南面。壞樂官市署，用自增廣。輒取武庫秘杖，嚴列不解。故東萊王蕤知其逆節，表陳事狀，而見誣陷，加罪黜徙。以樹私黨，僭立官屬。幸妻嬖妾，名號比之中宮。沈湎酒色，不恤群黎。董艾放縱，無所畏忌，中丞按奏，而取退免。張偉惚恫，擁停詔可，葛旟小豎，維持國命。操弄王爵，貨賂公行。群奸聚黨，擅斷殺生。密署腹心，實為貨謀。斥罪忠良，伺窺神器。臣受重任，蕃衛方嶽，見冏所行，實懷激憤。即日翊軍校尉李含乘驛密至，宣騰詔旨。臣伏讀感切，五情若灼。《春秋》之義，君親無將。冏擁強兵，樹置私黨，權官要職，莫非腹心。雖復重責之誅，恐不義服。今輒勒兵，精卒十萬，與州征並協忠義，共會洛陽。驃騎將軍長沙王乂，同奮忠誠，廢冏還第。有不順命，軍法從事。成都王穎明德茂親，功高勳重，往歲去就，允合眾望，宜為宰輔，代冏阿衡之任。

The Colonel of 翊軍, Li Han, fled from the capital to Chang'an, the base of the Prince of Hejian, Sima Yong. He lied and said he had received a secret edict from Emperor Hui, calling on Sima Yong to punish Sima Jiong, and that Li Han had been sent to Sima Yong to help facilitate the plot.

Sima Yong believed Li Han. He submitted a petition to the court: "The imperial family has suffered from many incidents of late, and disasters and difficulties continue to plague us. Although the Grand Marshal, Sima Jiong, may claim the credit of having called an uprising and restoring the Emperor to the throne, in truth it was thanks to the Prince of Chengdu's efforts that the capital region was pacified and the altars of state were secured. Yet Sima Jiong, not content to observe his proper duties as a minister and subject, has begun to harbor nefarious intentions.

"At Sima Jiong's army camp at Xuchang, he set up eastern and western Ye Gates like one sees at the Emperor's palace, and on his staff there, those whom he appointed as Secretaries of Recordskeeping, as Chief Clerks, or as Marshals all hovered about him with the same ceremony that residents of the palace would show towards the Son of Heaven. During the campaign, although the capital had already been entirely purged and the usurpers and traitors punished before his arrival, Sima Jiong still led an army of a million soldiers to infest the walls of Luoyang. He has kept his troops garrisoned there for an entire year by now. He never attends court, but makes the government ministers bow and perform obeisance before him, while he sits serenely facing south (in imitation of the Emperor). He has torn down buildings of the Music Bureau and the marketplace purely to expand and broaden his own estate. He has helped himself to the stored equipment of the Arsenal, and he has imposed martial law on the city without any sign of lifting restrictions. The former Prince of Donglai, Sima Ruí (Sima Jiong’s elder brother), recognized that Sima Jiong had betrayed his duties, and he presented a petition to the court listing Sima Jiong's offenses, but he was only met with slander and infamy, until he was charged with a crime and suffered demotion and exile. Sima Jiong has presumed to fill the government ministries with his own partisans and minions, and he grants his favored lovers and floozies titles comparable to those used in the Emperor's harem. He freely indulges himself in wine and in sensual pleasures, showing no regard for the common people. He allows his henchman Zong Ai to do whatever he pleases without any hesitation or suspicion, for though the government receives complaints about Zong Ai's behavior, he always gets let off from any charge. He permits a nobody like Zhang Wei to determine whether imperial edicts shall be allowed to go out or not, and he entrusts a miscreant like Ge Yu with control of the state. He hands out noble titles as he pleases, and bribes change hands freely and openly. He surrounds himself with a rogues' gallery, and he makes the call on who will live or who will die. His closest confidantes think only of how to enrich themselves. And he has slandered and punished good and worthy people, while gazing with longing towards the sacred instruments of power.

"I was assigned a serious charge and am responsible for protecting and defending a strategic area of the realm. But as I have witnessed Sima Jiong's actions, I have nursed a sense of righteous indignation. Then this very day, the Colonel of 翊軍, Li Han, secretly came to me by courier horse to present to me the imperial will and decree. When I bowed before him to hear the reading of this edict, which called upon me to raise my banners and turn against my own flesh and blood, my feelings were assailed and all my senses were aflame. And is it not a principle of the Spring and Autumn Annals that one may never war against their liege or their kinfolk? Yet Sima Jiong has a powerful army at his beck and call, he has placed his favorites into positions of power, and not a one of the important offices of state exists but is filled by one of his cronies. So though in turning my sword against Sima Jiong I would be committing a serious crime which deserved death, still I am afraid I could no longer in good conscience accept what he has done.

"Thus I am now marching at the head of a hundred thousand elite soldiers. May the provincial commanders join me in this loyal and righteous cause and combine their forces with mine at Luoyang. I ask that the General of Agile Cavalry and Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai, likewise prove his loyalty and sincerity by removing Sima Jiong from power and sending him back to his estate. Anyone who refuses to heed the imperial order shall be dealt with by military law.

"The Prince of Chengdu, Sima Ying, is wise, virtuous, luxuriant, and friendly; his achievements are lofty and his deeds profound. When he departed the capital last year and yielded his power, he gained the hopes and admiration of all. He is suited to serve as regent over the government. Let him take up the role of A-Heng (Yi Yin) in Sima Jiong's stead."

顒表既至，冏大懼，會百僚曰：「昔孫秀作逆，篡逼帝王，社稷傾覆，莫能禦難。孤糾合義眾，掃除元惡，臣子之節，信著神明。二王今日聽信讒言，造構大難，當賴忠謀以和不協耳。」

When Sima Yong's petition arrived at Luoyang, Sima Jiong was terrified. He summoned the ministers and said to them, "When Sun Xiu plotted his treason before and usurped and oppressed the Emperor and the Princes, the very altar of state was nearly toppled, and no one else was able to stand against such difficulties. I was the one who gathered together soldiers to begin an uprising, and I was the one who swept away and purged the chief evil. I have maintained my duty as a subject and as a son, and the spirits can attest to my trustworthiness. Yet now these two Princes have returned my trust with slander and are causing great trouble. Gentlemen, I shall depend on your loyal advice for how to reconcile with these wayward foes."

司徒王戎、司空東海王越說冏委權崇讓。冏從事中郎葛旟怒曰：「趙庶人聽任孫秀，移天易日，當時喋喋，莫敢先唱。公蒙犯矢石，躬貫甲胄，攻圍陷陣，得濟今日。計功行封，事殷未遍。三臺納言，不恤王事，賞報稽緩，責不在府。讒言僭逆，當共誅討，虛承偽書，令公就第。漢、魏以來，王侯就第甯有得保妻子者乎！議者可斬。」於是百官震悚，無不失色。

The Minister Over The Masses, Wang Rong, and the Minister of Works and Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, advised Sima Jiong to resign his authority and honor the others by yielding his position.

But Sima Jiong's Attendant Officer of the Palace Gentlemen, Ge Yu, angrily told them, "The commoner of Zhao (Sima Lun) heeded and employed Sun Xiu, and he abused his authority; Heaven and Earth themselves changed based purely on his whims. Everyone talked and talked about doing something back then, but no one else dared to speak up first. It was our lord who braved the slings and arrows, personally wearing armor and helmet and attacking the enemy lines and breaking their formations, and who brought us to this happy day. Considering the rewards he has received for all that he has done on behalf of the state, one could argue that he has still not gotten all that he deserves.

"For members of the Three Bureaus to say such things shows how much you disregard the Prince's affairs. It is no fault of his that rewards for others have been slow in coming. Besides, those who speak slander and stir up chaos should all be put to death. How can you heed the empty orders of this presumptuous letter and command our lord to retire to his estate? And through all the time of Han and Wei, what prince or noble that retired to his estate has ever been able to protect his wife and children? Anyone who suggests such a thing out to be beheaded."

The ministers were greatly disturbed and trembling, and all of them turned pale.

長沙王乂徑入宮，發兵攻冏府。冏遣董艾陳兵宮西。乂又遣宋洪等放火燒諸觀閣及千秋、神武門。冏令黃門令王湖悉盜騶虞幡，唱云：「長沙王矯詔。」乂又稱：「大司馬謀反，助者誅五族。」是夕，城內大戰，飛矢雨集，火光屬天。帝幸上東門，矢集御前。群臣救火，死者相枕。明日，冏敗，乂擒冏至殿前，帝惻然，欲活之。乂叱左右促牽出，冏猶再顧，遂斬於閶闔門外，徇首六軍。諸黨屬皆夷三族。幽其子淮陵王超、樂安王冰、濟陽王英于金墉。暴冏屍於西明亭，三日而莫敢收斂。冏故掾屬荀闓等表乞殯葬，許之。

The Prince of Changsha, Sima Ai, rushed into the palace, then raised troops to attack Sima Jiong's office. Sima Jiong sent Zong Ai to array troops west of the palace. Sima Ai also sent Song Hong and others to set fire to and burn down the various pavilions and the Qianqiu and Shenwu Gates.

Sima Jiong ordered the Prefect of the Yellow Gate, Wang Hu, to steal all the Zouyu Banners and display them (thus compelling all soldiers to cease fighting) while announcing, "The Prince of Changsha has forged an imperial decree."

But Sima Ai also spread the message, "The Grand Marshal has plotted rebellion, and anyone who helps him will have their families executed to the fifth degree."

That night, there was great fighting within the city; flying arrows poured down like rain, and the glow of the fires outshone the heavens. Emperor Hui was at the Shangdong Gate when a flurry of arrows came his way. His ministers were trying to put out the fires, and they fell down dead in heaps.

By the next day, Sima Jiong had been defeated. Sima Ai brought Sima Jiong to the Front Hall. Emperor Hui, feeling sad for him, wished to let him live, but Sima Ai ordered those around him to lead Sima Jiong away, even as Sima Jiong kept looking back. Sima Ai beheaded Sima Jiong outside the Changhe Gate, and displayed his head to the six armies (of the capital soldiers).

Those who were in league with Sima Jiong were executed with their families to the third degree. The Princes of Huailing, Le'an, and Qiyang, Sima Jiong's sons Sima Chao, Sima Bing, and Sima Yīng, were imprisoned at the Jinyong fortress.

Sima Jiong's body was left publicly exposed at Ximing Terrace, and for three days no one dared to claim the body for burial. Then Sima Jiong's former subordinates, Xun Kai and others, petitioned to be allowed to hold a mourning for Sima Jiong and to bury him, and their request was granted.

初，冏之盛也，有一婦人詣大司馬府求寄產。吏詰之，婦人曰：「我截齊便去耳。」識者聞而惡之。時又謠曰：「著布袙腹，為齊持服。」俄而冏誅。

Earlier, when Sima Jiong had been at his zenith, a woman had visited the Grand Marshal's office to ask for some supplies. When the officials had scolded her, she had said, "I'll just make things nice and tidy and then go." This disturbed some people, for they recognized that the term she had used, 截齊, could be interpreted as "cut down (the Prince of) Qi".

And there had also been a ditty going around: "Wrap the cloth 'round the middle bit, to make it all (or, Qi) nice and fit (or, to submit)." And indeed, it wasn't long before Sima Jiong was executed.

永興初，詔以冏輕陷重刑，前勳不宜堙沒，乃赦其三子超、冰、英還第，封超為縣王，以繼冏祀，曆員外散騎常侍。光熙初，追冊冏曰：「咨故大司馬、齊王冏：王昔以宗籓穆胤紹世，緒于東國，作翰許京，允鎮靜我王室。涎率義徒，同盟觸澤，克成元勳，大濟潁東。朕用應嘉茂績，謂篤爾勞，俾式先典，以疇茲顯懿。廓士殊分，跨兼吳楚，崇禮備物，寵侔蕭、霍，庶憑翼戴之重，永隆邦家之望。而恭德不建，取侮二方，有司過舉，致王於戮。古人有言曰：'用其法，猶思其人。'況王功濟朕身，勳存社稷，追惟既往，有悼於厥心哉！今復王本封，命嗣子還紹厥緒，禮秩典度，一如舊制。使使持節、大鴻臚即墓賜策，祠乙太牢。魂而有靈，祗服朕命，肆寧爾心，嘉茲寵榮。」子超嗣爵。

At the beginning of the Yongxing reign era (305), an edict was issued declaring that Sima Jiong's offenses had not been serious enough to merit the harsh punishment that he had received, and that due to his earlier good deeds, his lineage should not be snuffed out. Thus his three sons Sima Chao, Sima Bing, and Sima Yīng were all pardoned and allowed to return to their estates, and Sima Chao was appointed as Prince of a county in order to continue Sima Jiong's lineage. Sima Chao eventually served as a Cavalier In Regular Attendance Without Assignment.

At the beginning of the Guangxi reign era (306), Sima Jiong was posthumously honored with a decree by Emperor Hui.

"I declare the following regarding the late Grand Marshal and Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong:

"The late Prince might have quietly and meekly inherited the fief which he was due. Yet rather than sequester himself in his eastern domain (at Qi), he sent forth his proclamation from Xujing (Xu or Xuchang), and fully acted to protect our royal family and quell the disturbance of the imperial household. Zealously leading forth his followers for a righteous cause and forging an alliance at Lake Chu, he achieved successes and performed the greatest of deeds, and was very accomplished at Yingdong (eastern Yingchuan?). I ought to have responded to these things with congratulations for his exceptional performance, thanking him for his loyal and faithful service, and honoring him according to the ancient standards, thereby ensuring and glorifying his legacy. He ought to have been granted a fief even grander than those once held by Han's Princes of Wu and Chu, and he ought to have been honored with such exceptional courtesy and respect that he would have rivaled the favor enjoyed by Xiao He or Huo Guang. The great assistance and protection which he provided us entitled him to the everlasting admiration of the royal clan and the state.

"Yet the Prince failed to practice virtue, he incurred the enmity of two of his peers, the officials pressed him for his faults, and in the end he was executed. The ancients had a saying: 'Enforce the law, but think of the accused.' How much less can I ignore this sentiment when it was thanks to the Prince's deeds that I remained safe and the fortunes of state were preserved? And how tragic, how heart-rending it seems that only posthumously may his achievements be recognized!

"I hereby restore the Prince to his former title as Prince of Qi, and command that his son and heir be permitted to return and to inherit this title. The salary and privileges, canons and systems associated with the title shall all be as they once were. And I hereby send the Commissioner Bearing Credentials and Grand Diplomat to convey my words to the tomb of the late Prince and to offer a Grand Sacrifice to his spirit. If the dead are still aware of what takes place in this world, then may they take note of my command; may the spirit of the late Prince feel peace in his heart and be joyful of this favor and honor."

Sima Jiong's son Sima Chao thus inherited his title as Prince of Qi.

永嘉中，懷帝下詔，重述冏唱義元勳，還贈大司馬，加侍中、假節，追諡。及洛陽傾覆，超兄弟皆沒于劉聰，冏遂無後。太元中，詔以故南頓王宗子柔之襲封齊王，紹攸、冏之祀，曆散騎常侍。元興初，會稽王道子將討桓玄，詔柔之兼侍中，以騶虞幡宣告江、荊二州，至姑孰，為玄前鋒所害。贈光祿勳。子建之立。宋受禪，國除。

During the Yongjia reign era (307-311), Emperor Huai also issued an edict which again praised Sima Jiong for having the chief accomplishment of having sounded the call to rise up against Sima Lun. Emperor Huai posthumously restored Sima Jiong's rank as Grand Marshal, and he also appointed him as a Palace Attendant and a Credential Bearer and gave him his posthumous name (Wumin).

When Luoyang fell (to Han-Zhao, in 311), Sima Chao and his brothers were all lost to Liu Cong, leaving Sima Jiong without any descendants.

During the Taiyuan reign era (376-396), Emperor Xiaowu issued an edict appointing Sima Rouzhi, the son of the late Prince of Nandun, Sima Zong, as Prince of Qi in order to continue Sima You's and Sima Jiong's lineage. Sima Rouzhi rose in office as high as Cavalier In Regular Attendance. At the beginning of the Yuanxing reign era (402), when the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Daozi, was about to campaign against the rebel general Huan Xuan, an edict was issued appointing Sima Rouzhi as a Palace Attendant, and he was sent out with the Zouyu Banners to command the soldiers of Jiangzhou and Jingzhou (under Huan Xuan's command) to stand down. But when Sima Rouzhi came to Gushu, he was killed by Huan Xuan's vanguard. He was posthumously appointed as Superintendent of the Crown Prince's Household.

Sima Rouzhi's son Sima Jianzhi inherited the title Prince of Qi. But after Liu Yu accepted the abdication of the Jin dynasty and established the Song dynasty (in 420), Sima Jianzhi's fief was abolished.

鄭方者，字子回，慷慨有志節，博涉史傳，卓犖不常，鄉閭有識者歎其奇，而未能薦達。及冏輔政專恣，方發憤步詣洛陽，自稱荊楚逸民，獻書於冏曰：「方聞聖明輔世，夙夜祗懼，泰而不驕，所以長守貴也。今大王安不慮危，耽于酒色，燕樂過度，其失一也。大王檄命，當使天下穆如清風，宗室骨肉永無纖介，今則不然，其失二也。四夷交侵，邊境不靜，大王自以功業興隆，不以為念，其失三也。大王興義，群庶競赴，天下雖甯，人勞窮苦，不聞大王振救之令，其失四也。又與義兵歃血而盟，事定之後，賞不逾時，自清泰已來，論功未分，此則食言，其失五也。大王建非常之功，居宰相之任，謗聲盈塗，人懷忿怨，方以狂愚，冒死陳誠。」冏含忍答之云：「孤不能致五闕，若無子，則不聞其過矣。」未幾而敗焉。

Zheng Fang was styled Zihui. He was a passionate man with a sense of duty and ambition, and he waded through and absorbed all the Histories and Annals. He was exceptionally talented and zealous, and those in his district who knew him all sighed in admiration of how much he stood out. Yet he never held office, because there was no one able to recommend him.

When Sima Jiong held power over the government and abused his authority, Zheng Fang was so moved with indignation that he set out by foot to visit Luoyang. Styling himself a wanderer from Jing and Chu, he presented a letter to Sima Jiong.

"I have heard that when the sage and wise steer the affairs of the age, day and night they are always careful and cautious, nor do they get carried away in their joy. Thus do they preserve and defend their honor. Yet you, Great Prince, are currently relaxed and not thinking of any danger, sinking into the depravity of wine and sensual pleasures and overindulging yourself in feasting and music; this is your first fault. You ought to be as respectful to the realm as the pure wind, and there should not be the slightest distance between yourself and your kinfolk and your flesh and blood, yet there currently is; this is your second fault. The barbarians are pressing in from every side and the borders are unstable, yet you consider that you have already accomplished enough and you take no notice of these things; this is your third fault. When you launched your uprising, all the people rushed to your banner, yet although there is now peace in the realm, the people continue to suffer endlessly, and I have heard nothing of any orders from you on how their burdens might be lifted; this is your fourth fault. And you made a covenant with blood-smeared lips and pledged to those that supported you in your uprising that after things had been completed, rewards would not be slow in coming, yet although the evil has already been purged, there have been no discussions of merit or distributions of rewards; you have eaten your words, and this is your fifth fault.

"Great Prince, you have achieved uncommon deeds, and you now occupy the role of chief minister of the state. Yet you allow slander and rumor to swirl around you and you do nothing while people bear anger and hatred against you. Though it be rash and foolish of me, still I would risk death to demonstrate my sincerity to you."

Sima Jiong bit his tongue and only responded, "I had no idea of my five shortcomings. If not for you, Sir, I would never have heard of them."

It was not long before Sima Jiong was destroyed.

史臣曰：冏名父之子，唱義勤王，摧偽業于既成，拯皇輿於已墜，策勳考績，良足可稱。然而臨禍忘憂，逞心縱欲，曾不知樂不可極，盈難久持，笑古人之未工，忘己事之已拙。向若采王豹之奇策，納孫惠之嘉謀，高謝袞章，永表東海，雖古之伊、霍，何以加焉！

The Historian's Appraisal: Sima Jiong was the son of a famous father, he sounded the call to rise up and rallied the Princes to his banner, he smashed Sima Lun's false designs and kept them from fruition, and he rescued Emperor Hui from falling into oblivion. Truly his actions and deeds were excellent and worthy of praise. Yet afterwards, when he himself stood at the brink of destruction, he failed to heed the danger, but only indulged his heart's desires and did whatever he wished. Did he not know that pleasure cannot go unbridled, or a host of difficulties left unchecked? Was it not ironic that he mocked the ancients who never finished their work, not realizing that his own achievements had been undone? If only he had plucked out the fine plan offered by Wang Bao or accepted the good advice provided by Sun Hui, by magnanimously yielding his imperial splendor at the capital and going out to his fief on the Eastern Sea, where his lineage might have endured! If he had done that, could even Yi Yin or Huo Guang have surpassed him?

贊曰：偉哉武閔！首創宏謨。德之不建，良可悲夫！

Crown Prince Li Xian of Tang's Appraisal:

Pity the magnificent Prince Wumin!

His deeds were bold, his plans so keen!

Alas, his virtues he did not keep

And thus for this good man we weep.

#Sima Jiong #Eight Princes #War of the Eight Princes #Book of Jin #Jinshu #Jin Dynasty #Western Jin #Chinese History #China

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刘氏的起源始祖

源流一

　　部分刘姓最早的祖先之封地：尧曾封其第九子监明于刘地（也称留地，今河北保定唐县）。

　　按当时依封地为氏的惯例为祁姓里的刘氏，氏是姓的分支，监明（或曰又名源明）雄才大略，开拓进取。他把后裔分两支南迁：一支到山东平源，占领黄河下游一大片沃地；一支迁到山西一带，建立南唐（都临汾）和北唐（边界线上）。监明十八代刘氏里刘累名气最大。

　　《史记》载：夏朝孔甲时，监明十八世孙刘累善养龙，被夏封为御龙氏，为豕韦后专事养龙。传说在今河南临颖县豢龙城一共饲养了四条，不幸有条雌龙病死，刘累畏罪，领带全家老少一同逃到河南鲁山县一带隐居起来，称为豕韦氏。商朝又在唐（今山西省翼城县西边）立国，称为唐氏。周成王灭唐后，把他的子民迁往杜原（今陕西西安市南杜林）建立杜国，因范围小称杜伯，便以杜为姓，称杜伯氏，又称唐杜氏。200年后周宣王灭杜国，杀害了杜伯，其子隰叔逃往晋国，叔的儿子杜蒍，任晋狱讼官，称为士师，故又名士蒍。其子成伯缺生子士会，在晋为大夫。士会才智过人，操守严谨，深得晋主赏识，封其食邑于范，亦称范氏。晋襄公去世，士会奉命赴秦迎襄公之第公子雍（在秦作亚卿）回国继位。晋太子夷皋的生母闹求大臣赵盾立幼子夷皋为晋君，故当士会和雍一行到达晋国边境时，遇晋兵阻挠，打败了护送的秦军，士会便滞留在秦国。赵盾考虑士会留秦对晋不利，便以献魏地为名，私召回士会。士会归晋，其子康和一些亲族仍留秦国，恢复刘姓。士会生长子明，明生远，远生阳。秦灭魏后，其第10世孙获被迁徙梁国（今河南开封）生子清，清迁至沛县生仁号（又名荣），号生煓字执嘉，嘉生子四：伯、仲、季（邦）、交。邦是为汉高祖（尧帝第76代孙），郡望彭城郡、沛郡（郡治分别是今江苏徐州市和安徽北部一带），刘邦后裔里中山王（中山国，今河北南部）刘胜儿子多达120余人，成汉景帝后代里分衍最多的支系。历史上最有名的刘氏开拓日本人物，是今天日本原田、高桥、大藏等家族的共同祖先阿知王。刘姓在韩国亦有分布。另外，根据日本可查档案记载日本第三大姓高桥氏出自中国刘姓，为刘邦后裔。

　　源流二

　　源于姬姓，出自周定王赐给弟弟姬季子的封地，属于以封邑名称为氏。

　　周定王姬瑜八年（公元前599年）前后，周定王将刘邑(今河南偃师)，封给他的弟弟姬季子做领地。至此，姬姓刘子国就正式地在东周王畿之内建立起来了，刘康公也就成了姬姓刘氏的肇姓始祖。姬姓刘氏世代任周朝卿士，主理内政外交长达一百多年。

　　《左传》成公十一年：晋郤至与周争鄇田，王命刘康公、单襄公讼诸晋。

　　源流三

　　源于投降汉朝的秦末齐国将领刘到：据史书记载，“平都孝侯刘到，平都。索隐县名，属东海。以齐将，高祖三年降，定齐，侯，千户。五年孝惠四年庚戌（公元前191年）六月乙亥，孝侯刘到元年。索隐故齐将。巳上孝惠时三人也”。

　　源流四

　　赐姓或改姓。

　　1.出自项氏：汉初赐项羽的叔父项伯等人为刘氏，封射阳侯，刘邦当了皇帝之后，为感谢项伯的救命之恩。

　　还封了三位项氏��人：桃侯项襄封邑在山东汶上，平皋侯项它封邑在河南温县、玄武侯，对这三位项氏侯爵及其家人均赐姓为刘氏。

　　2.出自姒姓娄氏：赐娄敬为刘氏，封关内侯：娄敬，齐国人，刘邦采纳了娄敬迁都长安的建议，赐姓为刘氏。

　　3.源于汉代礼仪（官职），出自汉代皇室秋祭——貙膢（貙刘），属于以官称为氏。注意：貙刘一支刘氏，本字为貙膢，因此正确姓氏读音作lòu(ㄌㄡˋ)，不可读作líu(ㄌㄧㄡˊ)。

　　4.出自王氏：东汉舞阳人王常，平王莽立大功，被更始帝刘玄赐姓刘；王郎冒名汉成帝之子刘子舆，自立为帝，被诛。

　　5.出自龚氏：宋真宗继位后，赐皇后刘娥表兄（一说前夫）龚美姓刘，认其为弟；明朝嘉靖年间著名大将军都督刘显原姓龚，为报人知遇之恩，改姓刘。

　　6.出自卢氏：安定三水人卢芳，诈称武帝曾孙刘文伯,曾自立为帝，据平凉等地，后失败逃奔匈奴：

　　7.出自寇氏：三国蜀将刘封，原姓寇。为刘备义子，改姓刘。

　　8.出自丘氏：西晋义阳(今河南新野)人丘沈冒称汉宗室后裔，改姓刘名尼。被拥立为帝，建年号为神凤。汉高祖刘邦。

　　9.出自留氏：留氏改刘氏：后坡刘氏为永春留氏族裔，于宋末元初的动荡中易姓为刘；另《清源留氏族谱》载：第三十九世留天禄，泉州路录事，因军情严重，不仕，复入永春，居留安故地，改留为刘，为本支始祖。

　　10.出自柳氏，为唐朝文学家柳宗元之后，因柳宗元和当时朝政大臣不和，招惹很多皇室亲信，其后人恐遭陷害，逃荒到山西的洪桐县，改姓为刘。很多年后因当地遭水灾，他们纷纷迁移到河南的周口、安徽的亳州、山东的曹县、泰安一带。

　　11.出自薛氏：沙陀北汉王刘继恩，本姓薛，因是刘承钧的外甥和养子，改姓刘。

　　12.出自何氏：沙陀北汉王刘继元，本姓何，因是刘承钧的外甥和养子，亦改姓刘。

　　13.一说元末陈友谅败亡后其后代有改姓刘的。

　　14.唐宦官刘贞亮，原名俱文珍，无嗣。

　　15.明代宦官刘瑾本姓谈(音dan)，改姓刘，无嗣。

　　16.出自侯氏：刘亨赙(1872－1926年)，又名侯夏饱，字图琼，号纯青，菲律宾名何塞·伊格拉西澳·宝华，福建南安码头人，是菲律宾独立战争中的一位华侨将军。其他近代、现代改姓刘氏者略。

　　其他民族或外国刘姓

　　我国是一个多民族的国家，长期以来的民族混合，也反映在姓氏的演变上，刘姓是颇为典型的一例。

　　中华刘姓始祖苑。

　　1.匈奴刘氏：西汉初年匈奴强盛，刘邦采“和亲政策”，以刘姓宗女嫁给匈奴单於冒顿（普通话音modu墨读）为妻，冒顿姓挛（音luandi銮低）。匈奴族文化上汉化后，匈奴很多后代有以刘为姓者。汉朝打败匈奴后，南匈奴投降汉朝后，与汉族人杂居而作，慢慢文化上同化，由游牧转入农耕，姓名也改为汉字，当时说法是“胡人附刘，十胡九刘”。五胡十六国时期记载有汉国-前赵国建立者匈奴屠各部刘渊、刘曜，夏国建立者匈奴铁弗部刘屈孑（即赫连勃勃）匈奴铁弗部刘虎、襄国刘显等。

　　2.独孤部：是五胡十六国末期出现的北方游牧部落之一，匈奴后裔。后归附拓跋鲜卑。北魏时孝文拓跋宏采取了一系列的汉化政策，部分独孤氏改为刘姓，(另一部分仍保持独孤姓，如李渊和杨广的外祖父独孤信)成为当时北魏鲜卑贵族最显赫的八姓之一。

　　3.稽胡，又称山胡、步落稽，源于南匈奴。北魏时期稽胡首领刘蠡升、其孙北周时期稽胡首领刘没铎等曾先后称帝，建立割据政权。离石胡是山胡的一支,隋末唐初，离石胡人刘龙儿、刘季真，刘苗王曾建立割据政权。

　　4.沙陀刘氏：唐德宗时，中亚沙陀人内附，定居于今山西大同一带，长期与汉族杂居，不少人改汉姓。其中沙陀部的刘知远家族两度建立政权：后汉（刘知远建立）和北汉（刘崇建立）、还例如五代．后汉刘承佑、五代北汉刘崇旻、五代北汉刘承钧、五代．北汉刘继恩、五代．北汉刘继元。后降宋朝，沙陀刘氏散居北方各地，成为刘姓又一支脉。

　　5.契丹刘氏：

　　辽太祖耶律阿保机建立大辽之后，因为追慕汉高祖皇帝，便将自己的耶律氏兼称刘氏，起汉名刘亿。《辽史·后妃传》“序”：“太祖慕汉高皇帝，故耶律兼称刘氏。以乙室、拔里比萧相国，遂为萧氏。”《金史》记载“移剌曰刘“。（“移剌氏”即契丹国姓“耶律氏”）因此耶律氏有改为刘姓的。当代天津市郊区宝坻区耶律各庄村中刘姓村民较多。当地人说，这个村刘姓村民多为坐地户，是当年随蒙古军队来到这里定居的，刘姓是由耶律姓衍转过来的。

　　6.魏晋时乌桓部族有刘姓者；另外后燕时独孤部刘亢泥曾被封为乌桓王。

　　7.据《旧唐书·南蛮传》所载，唐代南蛮有刘姓者。

　　8.回族中的刘姓，多为改姓。中国回族形成于宋元之间，初无固定姓氏，入居中原后，回、汉杂居，很多人使用汉字姓。刘姓是从古兰经经名译音“辽艾辽艾”（汉语义为珠宝）转音而来。明初以后，随着回汉民族间人文交融，内地回民普遍使用汉字姓，其中刘姓不少。至元七年（1207年）授蒙古国诸万户府奥鲁总管的铁迈赤之子，虎都铁木禄（字汉卿），母姓刘，故改名刘汉卿。（参见《古今同姓名大辞典)。清代归附回回伊不热业墨，“原隶内务府，后在凤城县（分属辽宁）入籍，改姓刘氏，遂为凤城刘姓回民先祖。”（《中国回族人名大词典》）另有元至正十七年（1357年）任河南行省平幸政事的刘哈刺不花，虽《元史》言“其先江西人”，但就其“哈刺不花”和“探马赤军户”的身份，以及受回回人泰不华（达不华）赏识推举为椽史（属员）的迹象来看，或是回回人。哈剌不花的刘姓，赐即改。再有，甘肃的回族中，也有将马、白等回族显姓，改为刘姓者。刘姓回族在中国分布较广，主要分布于河北、京津、山东、河南。

　　9.蒙古族刘姓

　　（1）元朝蒙古族中刘氏出现在公元1285年，元仁宗爱育黎拔力八达即位，后来有位蒙族人名呼图克特穆尔的名士，酷爱汉族书籍和文化，他的母亲是汉人，姓刘。有一天，这位名士拜见元仁宗皇帝，谈论中，元仁宗对他的汉学水平加以赞赏，并为他起了个汉人的名字，叫刘汉卿。从此，刘汉卿的后代就形成了一支刘氏家族。

　　（2）蒙古族鄂尔果诺特氏，满语为ErgonoteHala，亦称鄂柳特氏，本蒙古族姓氏，世居喀尔喀，后多冠汉姓为刘氏。

　　（3）蒙古族刘佳氏，亦称留佳氏，后有满族引为姓氏者，满语为LingiyaHala，世居李佳和罗、瓦尔喀、乌喇、辉发、松花江等地，后多冠汉姓为刘氏、雷氏(蒙古留佳氏世居察哈尔)。

　　（4）蒙古族崔珠克氏，亦称赤穆特氏，世居察哈尔，后有满族引为姓氏者，满语为CuijukHala，多冠汉姓为崔氏、刘氏。

　　10.满族刘姓，源于满族，属于汉化改姓为氏。据史籍《清朝通志·氏族略·满洲八旗姓》记载：

　　（1）满族乌库理氏，亦称乌色里氏，满语为UkuriHala，汉义“细鳞鲮鱼”，满族最古老的姓氏，源于金国时期女真“乌古伦”，世居黑龙江，后多冠汉姓为商氏、刘氏、乌氏、李氏、讷氏、桑氏等。

　　（2）满族宁古塔氏，满语为NinggutaHala，汉义“六”，既清六祖世居地。以地为氏，所冠汉姓为宁氏、刘氏，世居宁古塔、绥分、珲春、讷殷和佟吉等地。元朝时女真人乌古伦氏迁居到中原，改姓刘氏，其后裔中有位刘国杰，英勇善战，成为湖广行省的要官，后又升任光禄大夫。还有一支女真人宁古塔氏也迁居到中原，改姓宁和刘，宁为宁古塔氏的头一个字；而“宁古塔”按满语的意思是“各六”或“每六”，其实就是“六”，“刘”与“六”同音，故姓氏为刘。

　　（3）满族钮图氏，亦称宁武图氏，满语为NiotuHala，世居哈达。后有锡伯族引为姓氏者。后多冠汉姓为钮氏、刘氏。

　　（4）满族喜塔喇氏，亦称奇塔喇氏、喜特勒那氏，是满族大姓，满语为SitaraHala，汉义“指甲”或“插孔雀翎的管”。俄国学者史禄国认为，它与瓜尔佳氏，满语为同属“阔雅里满洲”。另考，《龙飞御天歌》有哈兰都达鲁花赤姓“奚滩”，乃明时女真望族，曾冠汉姓为“刘”，有学者认为喜塔拉即其演变而来。世居尼雅满山、蜚优城、长白山盖吉、佛克顺等地，所冠汉姓为管氏、赵氏、图氏、祝氏、文氏、齐氏、孙氏、希氏、奚氏、喜氏、线氏、祁氏等。

　　（5）满族伊喇氏，亦称伊拉喇氏，满语为IlanHala，汉义“三”，满族最古老的姓氏，源于金国时期女真“移喇”(即契丹国姓“耶律”)，世居三姓，后多冠汉姓为刘氏、王氏、肖氏、萧氏、李氏、黄氏、白氏。

　　（6）满族纽塔氏，亦称努他氏，满语为Nuntamongu，老满洲部族，人数很多，有四个分支。满语NINGUTA为远祖之意，推想表示其远祖来自宁古塔，后多冠汉姓为刘氏。

　　（7）满族查佳氏，满语为CagiyaHala，是满族脱谱姓氏之一，今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市的满族同胞中有此氏，后改汉姓为刘氏。

　　（8）钮祜禄氏（多改汉姓为钮或郎，改姓刘的不多）。

　　其他还有伊里氏、伊拉齐氏、刘佳氏、以及隶属各旗本为汉族的刘氏和朝鲜族刘氏。

　　11.朝鲜族\朝鲜国\韩国刘姓

　　中国朝鲜族刘姓人口数量位居第30名左右。朝鲜族刘氏以江陵为核心本贯，后来分衍有忠州、巨昌、金城、裴州、延安、我州、庆山、平尚等数本。在韩国的二百五十多个姓氏中，韩国刘氏人口总数排在第三十二位。据记载泉州人刘载在高丽哲宗元佑三年(公元1088年)定居高丽后，被任用为“守司空尚书右仆射”。日本第三大姓高桥氏出自中国刘姓，为刘邦后裔。

　　12.京族\越南刘氏

　　京族原称为越族，人口近两万，有31个姓氏，居住在广西南疆诸岛，刘姓人口数量在京族中占20%，是这个少数民族的第一大姓。在越南的京族刘姓有三类，一类是完全融入越南民族的刘姓，一类是越南族人使用汉字姓刘氏而形成的刘姓，再一类就是近代以后移民越南的华侨、华人。不过，今天这几种不同的刘姓已很难区分了。

　　13.傣族、景颇族刘姓

　　明朝初期，朝廷派军队到滕冲地区屯田戎边，许多内地刘氏将士随军来到该地，其中一部分人则定居下来，与当地主要民族傣族、景颇族女子联姻，成家立业，繁衍生息。由于这些刘氏人与傣族、景颇族人通婚，其后代多随父姓为刘氏，融入傣族、景颇族。据近年云南腾冲刘氏收集到的351个族谱中发现，有七支刘姓演变为傣族、景颇族。

　　14.维吾尔族刘姓

　　维吾尔族刘姓形成于元末明初。元代在河南为官的维吾尔族人刺真海牙，曾孙名叫忽都海牙，明初随祖母姓刘，名仲琛，隐姓埋名，作为普通百姓繁衍生息下来。刘姓维吾尔族人现居河南渑池县尚有500余人，一小部份移居到西安等地。

　　15.壮族刘氏：

　　湖南、广西等地都有壮族刘氏分布，名人有唐代著名的歌仙刘三姐。

　　16.高山族刘姓

　　高山族人本无固定姓氏，清乾隆二十三年，朝廷赐给高山族七个姓（卫、金、钱、廖、王、潘、黎）。高山族人多依托当地汉族人，认其姓为己姓，据统计共有79个姓，其中有刘姓。

　　17.柯尔克孜族刘姓

　　清末民国初期，柯尔克孜族姓氏改称汉姓，并从柯尔克孜族姓“蔡音德热”分化出汉族姓“刘”。

　　18.达斡尔族刘姓

　　清末民初两次户籍调查时，满文已被汉文代替。用多个汉字书写达斡尔族姓氏已不方便，于是便采用“哈勒”或“莫昆”音��或意义字表记，随着社会的发展和不同民族的联烟，达斡尔族又增加了讷迪、扎尼、雅库斯、尼尔登、涂库敦、张、王、李、赵、徐、邵、刘、陈等姓氏。

　　19.仫佬族刘姓

　　在仫佬山乡的客家人主要居住在龙岸镇，他们当中有刘家、陈家、李家、古家等13个姓氏

　　20.苗族刘姓，湘西等地有分布

　　21.瑶族刘姓，湘南等地有分布

　　22.白族刘姓，湖南桑植、慈利的白族姓氏比较多，有谷、王、钟、熊、李、段、高、杨、张、刘、孔、施、车、于、马等。

　　23.藏族刘姓，古代藏族逐渐发展成为六大氏族，即赛、穆、党、东、札和珠，各大氏族中又分化出若干小氏族和家族，取的汉姓中，其中有刘姓。其实，藏族人取汉姓是历史及生活环境的产物，也是社会发展、民族融合这一大趋势的产物。

　　其他外国刘姓的来源，略。

　　魏晋南北朝时期

　　刘氏大举南迁，在江南影响很大，部分迁往日本和朝鲜半岛。据日本史籍也有关于此事的记载。有一部分汉朝皇室成员(刘氏)因出使、避难等原因开始渡海来到日本。西文首氏(王氏)也有人到达了日本。阿知使主及其儿子都加使主率领的汉人，自称为汉灵帝的后裔;身狭村主青又自称为吴孙权的后裔；再晚些如司马达止等则自称为南朝司马氏的后裔等等。刘姓作为两汉皇族也是此时到达日本的汉族归化人的主力。历史上最有名的刘氏开拓日本人物，是今天日本原田、高桥、大藏等家族的共同祖先阿知王。阿知(也写作阿智)王，又称阿知使主，是东汉最后一个皇帝汉献帝的玄孙。日本原田家族族谱《大藏朝臣原田家历��》称，阿知王是汉献帝的玄孙。后来司马氏灭魏建立西晋，刘氏皇族地位表面上没有改变，但实际情况开始恶化。太康十年(289年)，刘阿知见当时天下混乱之像已生，便于五月初一召集旧臣商议对策。这样，刘阿知便率领他的儿子刘都贺、舅舅赵舆德和族人刘国鼎、刘涛子、刘鹤明、刘信子等男女共2040多人，离开中国本土，飘洋过海，几经艰难，日本。阿知王到达日本后。据记载，当年随阿知王来日本的，还有段姓、郭姓、李氏、多姓、皂姓、朱姓、高姓等7个姓。阿知来日本后，派遣使都前往高丽、百济、新罗等国，将许多流落在这些地方的同乡族人招来日本。

　　明末

　　明末开始，闽、粤刘氏陆续有人移居台湾，后又有不少人到海外谋生。

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aokimame · 4 years

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なかなか梅雨明けしませんね^_^ いかがお過ごしでしょうか？こんな状況ですので今回はDM発送しませんでしたが... 「A T-SHIRT-7人の作家によるTシャツ展」に @aoki.mame にて参加します。お馴染みの #落花生のTシャツと #フェルト刺繍を施した新作Tシャツで参加しております。私は僅かですが、他にも6名の方々が素敵なTシャツをご用意していますのでお近くにお出かけの際はお立ち寄り頂ければ嬉しいです。会期：2020年7月31日(金)～8月10日(月・祝) 開場時間：11:00～18:00 休廊：木曜会場：#spaceao #スペースアオ住所：神奈川県三浦郡葉山町堀内444-1-B ※場所が分かりづらいので @spaceao_art さんのアカウントにてご確認下さい。【参加作家】 #山田博之 #樋口薫 #アイハラハルノブ #青木まめ #小倉千加子 #キヌマキトシコ #NOREN #葉山 #ギャラリー #Tシャツ展 #aokimame #フェルティングニードル #羊毛フェルト #felt #needlefelting #woolsculpture https://www.instagram.com/p/CDLEstlD0-U/?igshid=1evjv36uwxmuf

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tohoku-youth-orchestra · 4 years

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TYO第5期リモート卒団式

新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大防止のために、第5期の公演は中止となりました。中止決定の連絡を受け、涙を流した団員もいたと聞いております。

そして公演だけではなく、毎年の演奏会終了後に行われる「卒団生セレモニー」もまた、団員達や事務局スタッフにとって大切な時間となっていました。

団員達が集まれない状況ではありますが、今期を締め括り、卒団生を見送る機会を何とかをつくりたいと考え、福島公演をやるはずだった3月29日に、ビデオ会議ツールを利用した「リモート卒団式」を行いました。

このレポートでは、式次第に沿って卒団式の様子をお伝えしたいと思います。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

東北ユースオーケストラ第５期卒団式　式次第

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

１.開式の辞

TYO東京事務局の田中宏和事務局長が卒団式の司会を務めました。

２.第５期卒団員紹介

大学を卒業し、4月から社会人になる5名の卒団生の紹介がありました。

阿部秀捷（チェロ）磯貝雛子（ホルン）大波さくら（トロンボーン）狩野諒也（ホルン）筒井温之（トロンボーン）

の5名が卒団となります。

３.押木正人代表理事式辞

一般社団法人東北ユースオーケストラ押木正人代表取締役社長に式辞を頂きました。

「東北ユースオーケストラ第5期107名の皆さん、1年間活動大変お疲れ様でした。 2011年の3月に発生した東日本大震災の復興のために立ち上がった東北ユースオーケストラの活動が今回は、コロナウイルスという目に見えない脅威にさらされて、ここまで練習をしてきた成果である3つのコンサートができなくなってしまったこと、本当に残念に思っています。

在団の皆さん、今日は本当に笑顔で出てきて頂いていますけれど、どんな思いで今日を迎えていら��しゃるのかと思うと、堪えられない気持ちです。これまで東日本大震災を乗り��えてきた皆さんですので、この1年間努力したことがこんな形で終わる悔しさを是非バネにして頂き、明日に向かう力に変えていって頂きたいと思っています。

小学校4年生～大学生まで、12歳のひらきがあるメンバー、小学生、中学生、高校生、大学生が一緒に活動する経験は、通常の学校生活では経験できないことだと思います。ユースオケという集団活動で、小学生の人が20代の大学生が学ぶことはもちろんのこと、大学生も、小学生を生活や演奏面でサポートすることで、学ぶことも多くあったかと思います。毎月の練習、また夏合宿を通じて、幅広い年齢層の皆さんが１つになれたことは各個人にとって、生涯忘れることのできない経験になると確信しています。

今年は皆さんの若々しい力の満ちた演奏を、東京・福島の大ホールで聴いてはもらえませんでしたが、

理事になって頂いております岩手日報社、河北新報社、福島民報社、各社の新聞に多数の記事を掲載頂き、また熊本ユースシンフォニーオーケストラとの共演は、NHK BSでの特集で取り上げられ、他、婦人画報等の雑誌など、マスコミにも多く取り上げられたことで、皆さんが今年も元気に活動されていることは、被災地の皆様にも伝わったのではと思います。日本や世界で、東日本大震災をいつまでも記憶に留め風化させない役割と将来を担う若い世代が音楽を通じて創造性を発揮し世界に発信するという、東北ユースオーケストラの目的は十分に果たせたのではないかと思います。

また今年は、日本青少年文化センター様から、青少年の文化の発展に貢献した人や団体を表彰する、 59年も続いている歴史ある「久留島武彦賞」を頂きました。震災直後から立ち上げた「子どもの音楽再生基金」をスタートに、今日まで長きにわたり復興支援に努めてきた坂本龍一さん、栁澤寿男さん、事務局・関係者の皆様、活動を支えて頂いたスポンサーの皆様の貢献、団員を陰でサポート頂きました保護者の皆様、卒業した団員も含め、多くの方の活動が世間に認められたことと大変うれしく思っています。

今日で卒業される５人の皆さん、長い間お疲れ様でした。これで東北ユースオーケストラの活動からは離れますが、私からのお願いは、音楽を通じた人と結びつくことの意義、大切さを忘れず、楽器演奏を今後も是非続けていって欲しいと思います。また、６期も続ける皆さんは、今年度練習した曲にさらに磨きをかけて2021年に演奏できるように新年度も継続して練習していきましょう。

本日の卒団式で、皆さんで今回の活動を振り返って、親睦を深められたらと思っております。1年間の活動本当にお疲れ様でした。」

４.坂本龍一代表・監督祝辞

「今日のこの時間、福島公演をしているはずでしたよね。本当に残念です。早くこの活動を再開できる日が来れば良いと思っています。」

「卒業する5名の皆さん、おめでとうございます。これまで貴重な経験をしたと思うので、是非ここで得た経験をこれからの長い人生に生かしてほしい。そして、音楽をずっと忘れないで生きていって欲しいです。」

「第九はもちろん、5年かかってやっとできた僕の新曲を皆が演奏しているのを聴けなかったこともとても残念です。来年は実現できるようにしたいと思っていますので、卒業する5人も聴きに来てほしい。時間が合えば是非一緒に参加してください。」

「将来世界史的な事件になるであろう、今のこの時間を皆さんが生きていることは本当に特別なことだと思うので、無駄に過ごしてほしくない。どうやって生きるべきか考えて過ごして欲しいと思います。」

５.祝辞（指揮者：栁澤寿男）

「第5期東北ユースオーケストラ卒団生の皆さん、卒団おめでとうございます。直接皆さんにお会いできないことを本当にさみしく思っています。我々の原点である東日本大震災に続いて、これもまた我々の世代が体験する人類上危機の最大級のものかと思っています。

東北ユースオーケストラで何度もお伝えしたようにオーケストラは共同作業です。1人1人が責任を果たさないと成立しません。世代を超えて培った東北ユースオーケストラの活動が、皆さんが社会に出たときに少しでも役に立つことを願っています。会社や組織で見知らぬ人たちと、世代を超えて協調していくことはとても大変だと思います。私自身も国内・海外で、その場に協調していくことに苦労し、悩みぬいた時期もありました。そんな時は音楽を聴いてみてください。心穏やかに、冷静さを取り戻してみてください。それから、東北ユースオーケストラのメンバーや、大人たちにも是非相談してみてください。我々はいつでも東北ユースオーケストラにいます。いつか皆さんと会える日を、そして一緒にハーモニーを奏でられる日があることを楽しみにしています。」

６.関係各社様からのメッセージ紹介

関係各社の皆様から頂いたメッセージを、田中宏和事務局長が代読しました。

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー ■デジタルガレージさま

凹んだボールは元に戻る。怪我をした傷はいずれ癒える。震災を乗り越え生まれた、東北ユースオーケストラは若くしなやかな感性と、美しい音楽の力が、心の復興に大きな力を与えてくれることを私たちに教えてくれました。これからもますます、東北を、日本を、世界を元気にしていって欲しい。

デジタルガレージは、東北ユールオーケストラを応援しています。

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー ■JA共済連全国本部さま

このたびは、ご卒団誠におめでとうございます。東日本大震災から９年、復興はまだ道半ばではありますが、これまで皆さんが東北ユースオーケストラの活動を通して見せてくれたひたむきな姿に、心励まされた方がたくさんいると思います。「助け合い」は、誰かの手が差し伸べられるのを待つだけでは実現されません。皆さんが東北ユースオーケストラの活動を通して得たすべての経験が、次なる世界でも大いに発揮されるとともに、「誰かを想う」気持ちの輪が広がっていくことを私たちＪＡ共済も願っています。そして何より、ご卒団される皆さんのこれからの人生が輝かしいものとなることを心よりお祈りしております。

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■JA共済連福島さま

東北ユースオーケストラ団員の皆さま、ご卒団誠におめでとうございます。今般、演奏会が中止となり、皆さま方は大変悔しい思いをしていることと存じますし、心中察するに余りあります。

しかしながら、この一年間、団員の皆さんは、この活動を通して多くのことを学び、そして成長したことと存じます。いつか、皆さんの音楽表現を通じて、東北の人々に思いを届ける機会があることを、関係者としましても望むところです。どうか、気を落とすことなく、そして、負けることなく、それぞれの道をお進みいただくことを切に願っております。今後の、皆さま方のご健勝を祈念いたしまして、お祝いの言葉とさせていただきます。

ＪＡ共済連福島　本部長　服部道夫

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

■福島トヨペットさま

卒団される皆様の長年の音楽活動に心から敬意を表します。この貴重な体験を、今後の人生におおいに役立ててくださいますよう、心から祈念申し上げます。団員の皆様、来春の福島公演を心待ちにしております。福島トヨペット株式会社　代表取締役社長　佐藤修朗

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

■福島民報社さま

卒団される皆様のこれまでのご苦労に心からの敬意を表します。お疲れさまでした。今回の公演中止で、団員の皆様は誠につらい思いをされたことでしょう。しかし、皆さんならこの試練を受け止め、音楽活動への思いを新たにされたことと思います。坂本監督、栁澤さんのアドバイスのもと、いっそう飛躍されますよう祈念いたします。来春の公演はぜひぜひ、成功させましょう。福島民報社は全面的に応援させていただきます。

福島民報社代表取締役社長　高橋雅行東北ユースオーケストラ理事兼福島民報社取締役郡山本社代表　荒木英幸

７.送辞（第５期キャプテン）田嶋詩織

「卒団される皆様、卒団、そしてご卒業おめでとうございます。今回卒団式がこのような形になり、直接お祝い出来悲しく思います。

皆さんと活動した時間はとても楽しく、また刺激的であり毎回の練習が待ち遠しく感じていました。今回取り組んだ第九でも1年前から坂本監督が被災地を繋ぐ演奏会の開催を大きく掲げ、実現できるのかという不安を感じた事もありました。しかし5期の活動が始まりメキメキと成長し今までには無いくらいの速さで完成が見えました。また東北ユースオーケストラの特色でもある世代の広さを越え、交流を深める姿を目の当たりにし東北ユースオーケストラのあるべき姿を強く実感しました。

このように東北ユースオーケストラが成長できたのも皆さんが今までの経験を生かし年長者として見守り、支えてくださったからこその成長です。私たちも皆さんの姿を忘れず、今後の東北ユースオーケストラの活動が充実したものになるよう努力して参ります。

本番は中止になってしまいましたが、皆さんと一つの目標にむかって頑張った事や、全員で楽しく活動できたという事実は決して無くならないと思います。また皆さんと共に、5期のメンバーでの演奏が実現できる事を心待ちにしております。最後になりますが卒団される皆様のこれからのご活躍を団員一同お祈り申し上げます。

第5期キャプテン・田嶋詩織」

８.答辞（第３・4期キャプテン）磯貝雛子

「本日は事務局の皆様をはじめ、多くの団員の皆さん、OBOGの皆さん、押木代表理事、柳沢さん、そして、坂本龍一監督のご臨席の元、この様な卒団式を催して頂いたことに、卒団生一同、心より御礼申し上げます。また、キャプテンの田嶋詩織ちゃんの送辞のお言葉を賜りましたことに、重ねて御礼申し上げます。　

この数年間、東北ユースオーケストラでの時間は瞬く間に過ぎて行きました。入団したばかりの頃はみんなに馴染んでいけるか不安で、練習に行く前日は不安になる時もありました。しかし、卒団されていった先輩方や団員の皆さんが暖かく接して下さったので、いつの間にか練習に行く事が楽しみになっていました。

東北ユースオーケストラの活動の中で特に印象に残っているのは、有志演奏会です。地元の会津若松市以外の、写真やテレビでしか見た事がなかった被災地の様子を見て、東北の今を知る事ができました。悲しい事があったにも関わらず前を見て進んでいく方々を見て、私も日常があるという事に感謝して日々を過ごしたいと強く思いました。

時には、音楽性のすれ違いで衝突し合う事もありましたね。でもそれは、今思え��音楽に対して全力でぶつかっていたからなのだと思います。皆さんの熱い思いと柳澤さんのご指導があったから今までの演奏会はエネルギーに溢れ人の心を動かしていたのだと感じます。

そして、私はこの東北ユースオーケストラで得た宝物があります。それは友達です。私達は東北ユースオーケストラがなければ恐らく出会う事はなかったでしょう。毎月の練習、温泉合宿や直前合宿、東京公演、地方公演は一生忘れられません。多くの方から差し入れを頂き、みんなでタピオカを飲みながらお菓子を食べましたね。坂本龍一監督を囲み、みんなでBBQをした事は本当に大切な思い出です。

今年はコロナウィルスによって残念ながら本番がなくなってしまい、悔しい涙を流しました。来年はこの事態が収まり、演奏会ができて欲しいと祈っております。その時はぜひお手伝いに行かせてくださいね。

在団する皆さん、今まで私たちを支えてくださり本当にありがとうございました。皆さんと過ごした日々はかけがえのない思い出となっています。いつまでもこのオーケストラで音楽が出来るような気がしてしまいますが、卒団はあっという間です。毎回の練習を大切に日々過ごして下さい。あと、音楽に没頭しすぎると、勉強が疎かになってしまう人もいるようです。単位と相談しながら音楽に励んで下さい。

最後になりましたが、私達をサポートしてくださった押木代表理事を始めとする関係者の皆様、OBOGの皆さん、指揮の柳澤寿男さん、事務局の皆様、坂本龍一監督に卒団生を代表しまして厚く御礼申し上げます。本当にありがとうございました。これから私達はそれぞれの進路に向かって一歩一歩自分の足で歩いていきます。もしこの先大きな壁にぶつかったとしてもこの東北ユースオーケストラで得た多くの思い出、学び、誇りを人生の糧とし力強くいきていきます。本当にありがとうございました。東北ユースオーケストラの益々の発展を心より祈念して答辞と致します。

令和2年　3月29日磯貝雛子」

９.閉会の辞

田中宏和事務局長から閉会の辞があり、卒団式が終了。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝

そしてそのまま、リモート卒団式の後は、リモート懇親会を行いました。

ここからは卒団生以外の団員もビデオをONにして参加です。

懇親会の中では、坂本監督から団員達へ、今の時期にふれてほしい本や映画の推薦リストが共有されました。

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

坂本龍一代表・監督推薦。

今だから味わいたい、本と映画。

＜本＞工藤進「日本語はどこから生まれたか」福岡伸一「新版動的平衡」ロヴェッリ「時間は存在しない」マルクス・ガブリエル、マイケル・ハート、ポール・メイソン（斎藤幸平・編）「資本主義の終わりか、人間の終焉か? 未来への大分岐」斎藤成也「日本人の起源」エンデ「モモ」カーソン「沈黙の春」手塚治虫「火の鳥」リルケ「ドゥイノの悲歌」島泰三「はだかの起源」カミュ「異邦人」カフカ「審判」＜映画＞小津安二郎「東京物語」フェリーニ「道」黒澤明「デルスウザーラ」タルコフスキー「ストーカー」 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGRDYpCmMcM 侯孝賢「非情城市」宮崎駿「風の谷のナウシカ」

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

家の中にいる今のうちにたくさんインプットをして音楽の肥やしにしてほしいと思います。

そして、画面越しの5本締めでリモート懇親会が終了しました。

この状況が落ち着き、また東北ユースオーケストラ皆で集える時を待ちたいと思います。

#news 引率の先生は見た

2 notes · View notes

fangzhouzi · 5 years

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方舟子推特合集（313）2019.12.11-20

方舟子 @fangshimin 方舟子，本名方是民，科普作家，新语丝网站。 California, USAxysblogs.org/fangzhouziBorn September 28, 1967Joined December 2010 44 Following 235.6K Followers 27.9K Tweets

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 这些要保护施一公心目中的“现代鲁迅”饶毅的新时代红卫兵是不是有阅读障碍？饶毅那封信是答复发函调查他的国家自然基金委员会，他不实名的话，难道匿名为自己辩护？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELdnov-UYAAtqiW?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELdnowBUYAAJUgC?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELdnov-UcAA89ZC?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 这个要“保护饶毅”的营销号说我是饶毅的死敌。那个时候饶毅全职回国不久，还未同流合污，和我一起揭露过一些造假，一起被肖传国告过、被崔永元骂过，哪来的“敌”？即使后来饶毅吹捧韩春雨、刘用生被我批评，嘲笑我是山下的“小学生”没资格揭露其山上的朋友施一公、潘建伟之流，敌是有了，也算不上“死敌”。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELduf1cVUAI9nCW?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELduf1cVAAAVXFB?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 拿国家自然科学基金研究政治问题，这是首创吧？既然“肠道菌群”在政治上这么重要，除了给各级官员做肠道菌群检测，发现不对劲是不是还得干预？例如让政治有问题的官员吃政治没问题的官员的人中黄进行菌群移植？从贺福初院士这些学生吃起如何？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELd14jCU8AAfafy?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 王院士好好看看曹校长给的纪念牌是不是PS的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELd8rOuVUAEEGsw?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 清泉石上流，落日满秋山。（集王维句） https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeJRXwUUAAQJa2?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeJRXvVAAEtGyO?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeJRa5U0AEaMJR?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeJRfvVAAAIoee?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 灯节又到了。很佩服这些邻居每年都要这么大规模上下折腾一番。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeXroDU0AEk3Um?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeXrn6U4AEzdpj?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeXrn6VUAAn3d4?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELeXrn8UcAEU94Z?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 裴钢院士实验室的PS论文有一篇是研究用中药“聪明汤”喂老鼠，改善了阿尔兹海默症老鼠的认知功能。该论文第一作者说放错图片了，实验结果是对的。建议中国科研人员多喝“聪明汤”，别老是放错图片。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELefHbUUwAA9tuL?format=jpg

Stainless Steel Fittings @ComponentsFlow · Dec 11 裴钢的名字在最��…^_^

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @ComponentsFlow 最后作者是通讯作者，是该论文最重要的负责作者。不懂就少说多听。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 发表新文章《一天喝上三杯奶》https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/iHv-251JnEEkf22PmcumOg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 圣地亚哥边防抓到11名中国偷渡客，藏在卡车载的家具中。一个月前他们在另一辆卡车中抓到6名中国偷渡客。盛世中国怎么可能还有人偷渡呢？肯定又是越南人装的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELe5Xt4UUAAbNK5?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELe5Xt5UUAAUGk4?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELe5Xt9VUAEvFCR?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 写得很好。不过“内分泌失调”不能算中国文化病，英文也有这种说法。李长青：文化病https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/EpLeU_tjoZ8HYS4p8KWfwg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 马云这事不仅说明有钱有权就可以瞎指挥，而且说明人们喜欢被瞎指挥，媒体喜欢捧瞎指挥。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELfVcPVUEAAtAam?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 11 如此说来，焚书不是错，擅自焚书才是错。秦始皇可以焚书，小民不可以。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELfb5N_U8AIzoPI?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 马云这个乌克兰柴可夫斯基音乐学院名誉教授的头衔花了多少钱买来的？或是靠他的指挥天才当上的？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELi4RvkUcAAKL_q?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELi4RvaUYAEJYC7?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 突尼斯这名生物学家发现印度公司办的《植物病理学研究杂志》上面列着四篇论文经过他的审稿，但他并不知情，原来审稿人账号和审稿意见都是伪造的。审稿编辑是中国人。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELi_sofU4AADdVg?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELi_sokU0AAFQ-e?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELi_sofVUAE4Sat?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 川普大骂联邦调查局是“人渣”。谁会这么仇恨联邦调查局？当然是罪犯了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjGjmTUEAAydhz?format=jpg&name=medium

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 今日所见野花，都是菊科的：圣地亚哥郡向日葵(San Diego County sunflower)、柳叶香根菊(mule fat)、海岸金灌木(coastal golden bush)、加州灌木向日葵(California bush sunflower)。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjOqn3VUAAxnuG?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjOqn4VAAAAf9G?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjOqp7U8AAvrY0?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjOqu7VUAA0rYa?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 今日山景 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjkr32UEAAhnRx?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjkr31VUAAAgJt?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjkr31UUAEN0aP?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELjkr31U4AE6Ybj?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 中国有一项勇夺第一名：今年全世界有250名记者因为其工作被捕入狱，中国记者占了48名，超过土耳其，世界第一。土耳其屈居第二是因为独立新闻机构被解散，很多记者失业了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELju13AU8AESBWW?format=jpg&name=medium

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 在川普承认其慈善基金会将慈善捐款用于自己公司和个人用途后，不仅慈善基金会被解散、剩下的基金分给慈善机构、被罚款2百万美元，而且他的三个成年子女都要去接受避免慈善欺诈的教育。应该也让他去受受教育。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELj0Q11UEAARlib?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELj0Q3yUYAEQcjP?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELj0Q4cVAAAiKwZ?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELj0Q6xUcAA0jOk?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 恶搞宗教信仰的飞天面条教在中国被当成了邪教，现实比虚构滑稽又一例。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELj7xKfUEAImVVK?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 这个女孩引起人们对全球气候变化问题的关注所起的作用超过了所有成年人，获得时代年度人物实至名归。当然会有很多人因此更恨她了，特别是墙内的人。气候问题是我们这个时代最大的问题之一，是否相信全球气候变暖也是判断一个人是否有科学素养的试金石。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELkFYBKVUAEAGDM?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 我说了嘛，在这条推下就有很多妄人在否认全球气候变暖和发泄对一个不过是呼吁人们要相信科学的女孩的仇恨。正因为有太多这种愚昧又无德的成年人，才需要有智力比他们高、知识比他们多、也更有道德的中学生出来为人类的未来抗争。

方舟子 @fangshimin 凡是跑我这儿骂这个女孩的一概拉黑。那就是一帮人渣，还自我感觉好得很。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 500多名法学教授、17名当年调查水门事件的检察官联名支持弹劾川普。300多名心理学家和心理医生联名要求国会考虑川普危险的精神状态。当年弹劾尼克松有三款罪名：滥用职权、妨碍司法、藐视国会。这次弹劾川普实际上把后两个罪名合成了一项，只剩两款罪名。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELkMRQFUEAEQncl?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELkMRQEUYAEeEzr?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELkMRQHUYAAvBrP?format=jpg&name=small

511b @511b12 · Dec 12 Replying to @fangshimin 还是需要像水门事件那样的录音带这类的铁证，光靠证人证言是不行的。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @511b12 有通话记录、短信、电子邮件，并不只是证人证言。何况宣誓作证同样有效。这就是为什么川普不许其手下去作证。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 这个北大教师是因为违反了什么师德师风问题被处理的，北大的通报不好意思说。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELkTQqrVUAAr9x3?format=jpg&name=large

东新开胡同 @tuolasijishou · Dec 12 什么叫不正当关系？他是单身，想和谁睡和谁睡，只要不是幼女，只要对方无异议！

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @tuolasijishou 美国大学也不允许教师和学生约会，不违法但不道德。

jiangnashu @Jiangna58934619 · Dec 12 鲁迅也和学生同居……

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @Jiangna58934619 别造谣，鲁迅和许广平同居的时候许已是教师。他们谈恋爱的时候许还是学生，但当时师生恋并不被禁止，甚至还被社会上传为美谈。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 连建制派议员都不好意思袒护何博士了？看来何博士以后真的只能去内地混了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELkabRGVUAA4ewL?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 12 真的是把中国当灯塔国。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELkhusvVAAAd6pz?format=jpg&name=large

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 川普今天一边看弹劾辩论一边发推，发了一百多条推，骂天骂地骂民主党，其中有一条是骂瑞典女孩获得时代年度人物，要她去学“愤怒控制”。最应该学“愤怒控制”的难道不是天天骂人连未成年人都骂的川普吗？瑞典女孩把川普的推改一改作为自己的个人简介，“控制”得很好嘛，两人智力差了一个数量级。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELn6DRxVUAICCAD?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELn6DT5U4AAtrgp?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELn6DUHUEAA1VlL?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELn6DZUU0AEYLBe?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 美国各大报不分党派都发表社论支持弹劾川普。《今日美国》当年发表社论支持弹劾克林顿，现在支持弹劾川普，川粉不能骂它是自由派，只能骂它是建制派了。圣地亚哥最大报《圣地亚哥联合论坛报》是共和��的，也发社论支持弹劾川普，当然也是“建制派”，虽然真正代表建制派的共和党议员全都不顾一切袒护川普 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELoN_C1U8AEtOT7?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELoN_C2VUAAoNbD?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELoN_DDVAAA75o6?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELoN_DBVAAAlVcl?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 危邦莫入：尼日利亚两名大学生到克罗地亚参加大学生乒乓球赛，在回国前一天，警察说他们是来自波黑的非法移民，抢了他们的钱和衣服，用枪顶着把他们遣送去波黑。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELoV0u2UEAEVTNJ?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 《纽约时报》文章《让川普过一个悲催的小圣诞节》。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELod5z2UYAAwQhn?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELod5z3UwAA1Gee?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELod50cU4AAWWi-?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELod52rUYAAK-6K?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 满山的加州蒿(California sagebrush)都开花了，看上去也很壮观，只不过花颜色黯淡，没有色彩冲击力。加州丁香已经含苞待放，下个月就该盛开了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELou76SU4AAfwrm?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELou76RUUAAPURD?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELou78oUYAALMBj?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 前几天斯坦福法学教授在众议院作证时举例说“川普可以给他儿子取名男爵，但不能真的封他男爵”，川普夫人、共和党议员、川粉都批她攻击未成年人，她道歉了。现在川普攻击瑞典女孩，共和党议员、川粉跟着攻击，号称反对网络欺凌的川普夫人默不作声。川普要出这口气不如动用万能标签笔，有人帮他制作好了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELo2CwpVAAAJwr8?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 美联社驻中国记者饶引之在1949年之后继续为美联社写稿，于1951年在南京被当成间谍和反革命枪毙。美联社现在才知道其下落，昨天举行纪念仪式，将他的名字列入1846年美联社建社以来殉职的37名记者荣誉墙中。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpAPsTUEAAJ5B6?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 这个在参议院听证会上被问哭的联邦上诉法院法官候选人还是以51票赞成获得了确认，尽管美国律协评他不合格。到现在为止川普已成功任命50名联邦上诉法院法官，其中多名被美国律协评为不合格，只是因为属于保守派就被任命、确认了。这对美国法治的破坏才是致命而长远的，因为这些法官都是终身制。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpNCBTUwAEdllh?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 2019年再过半个月就要结束了，施一公要在今年年底让西湖大学赶超洛克菲勒大学的伟大目标实现得怎么样了？这三大学院院长全部到位就算赶超啦？顺便问一下，是全职院长吗？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpR7OYVAAAiSxS?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 丹麦法罗岛商贸部长接受电视台采访的间隙和助手聊天，说中国驻丹麦大使找他们，威胁如果当地电信公司不采用华为5G设备就不签商贸协议。没想到麦克风还开着，被录了下来。他们找了法官，以避免破坏与中国的关系为由禁止电视台播出该录音，但还是被一家报纸捅了出来。华为的背后真的是有伟大的祖国的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpZA92U0AEfKAO?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 最新的两个民意调查结果，民主党不管派谁出战，川普都只能保住40%左右的基本盘。弹劾调查并没有像有些人设想的会让民主党丢分。当然川粉是不信民意调查结果的，他们只信川普幻想出来的民意调查。这次英国大选之前民意调查已显示保守党会获胜，没人对选举结果感到意外。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpjMdSUYAAG9P-?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpjMdSUEAAxuBo?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 在过去的一年，美国医疗保险费涨了20.2%。我记得三年前很多人投川普的票是因为医保费太高。这三年来医保费却是一路猛涨。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpq10lUUAIi9Bh?format=jpg&name=small

LIN WEI @skywind3000 · Dec 13 这我说句公道话，这是奥巴马care闹的，川普想废除不通过啊

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @skywind3000 川粉到现在还跟三年前一样傻乎乎地怪罪给奥巴马医健。倒是川普取消了奥巴马医健惩罚不投保的条款，导致投保人数下降，刺激了保费上涨。

Tony Xu @tonyxu · Dec 13 因为川普试图修改obamacare，被McCain（当时还没去世）等几个刺头在参议院挡下来了。所以现在仍然还是obamacare。中期选举共和党丢了众议院，就没可能修改了。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @tonyxu 川粉真是赶不上趟，现在连共和党议员都不好意思骂奥巴马医健，当初投票要废除奥巴马医健的共和党议员都改口了，川粉还跟三年前一样被洗脑。医保费上涨的因素之一就是川普破坏奥巴马医健，如果废除了只会涨得更多。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 “拍打拉筋”“神医”萧宏慈因为让一名6岁糖尿病患儿父母停止注射胰岛素接受“拍打拉筋”治疗导致患儿死亡，被澳大利亚法院以过失杀人判刑十年，七年半以后才能申请假释。这些中国“神医”还得靠外国来治。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELpykliUUAInQMG?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 13 美国参议院72:18通过FDA局长任命。新局长是肿瘤学家、安德森癌症中心首席医疗官，业界口碑不错。川普任命各个部长、局长都是胡来，目的都是让外行去搞乱那些部门，例如让反环保的去当环保署长，反劳工权利的去当劳工部长之类，只有对FDA局长两任都是任命业界认同的专家，毕竟他也是要吃药的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELp5H_BVUAAXRYk?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 那么照片上那些中国警车是谁搞的？在澳洲留学的小粉红搞来吓人的？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtCkMbUUAASthP?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtCkMeVUAAXs4f?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtCkVuU8AAd6R1?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtCkVuUUAExO4Z?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 ��篇对刘强东案受害者的采访不错，可以一看。 https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20191213/liu-jingyao-interview-richard-liu/

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 川普竞选团队还真把川普PS成了时代年度人物。他该有多嫉妒瑞典女孩。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtSjsYUEAAg5_H?format=jpg&name=900x900

Lxian @Lxian7 · Dec 14 听说投票率第一是香港示威市民30% 第五才是瑞典女孩 %4 这是不是时代杂志迫于共党的压力做出的妥协不敢选香港示威市民

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @Lxian7 时代年度人物从来就是时代编辑部自己选的，跟读者投票无关。只不过近年来多了个读者投票选最受读者欢迎的人物，网上这种投票很容易被操纵，只有娱乐价值。如果时代怕被当成“反华”，会把香港示威人物放上去？这些热衷阴谋论的都啥脑子啊？

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 根据美国宪法，在众议院弹劾总统后，还要在参议院举行弹劾审判，由参议员投票决定是否罢免总统。参议员扮演的是陪审员角色。参议院多数党领袖麦康奈尔说，在怎么对付弹劾问题上我们和白宫立场是一致的，我将和白宫协调。这相当于审判还没开始首席陪审员就宣布和被告立场是一致的，连起码中立都不装了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtaWbkU8AAMgR_?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @selfbanish 和刑事案件陪审团一样，参议院在弹劾审判前必须保持中立，事实上在审判前参议员要宣誓做不偏不倚的决定。和刑事案件陪审团不同的是，参议员没法被替换，所以即便他们违背誓言也没办法。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 美国大学生贷款利息太高，才导致毕业后多年越还钱欠得越多，还一辈子都还不了。如果做不到上大学免费，至少也应该提供低息、无息贷款，只要减少一点军事开支就可以了。明年美国军事预算是创纪录的7380亿美元，占总预算57%。川普治下美国军事开支增加了1300亿美元。和平年代，穷兵黩武干什么？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtinvYU8AEb9VK?format=jpg&name=small

石板河 @caihongjie · Dec 14 美国学贷年利率是多少？

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @caihongjie 每年不一样。今年本科生贷款利息4.53%，研究生6.08%，算比较低的，最高的时候达到了8.5%。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 今日山景。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtt2BgUcAE0EZp?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtt2BgU8AEa9iy?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtt2BtVAAE5QZq?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELtt2HjUYAAAgPE?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 肯塔基州共和党州长下台前赦免了一名杀人犯。此人杀了同事后将她砍头塞进桶里试图灭迹，被定罪后一直上诉到州最高法院都维持原判。州长找了一个“没有DNA证据”的理由将其赦免，这个理由甚至不是其上诉的理由。这和川普赦免三名战争罪犯有一比。赦免权被总统、州长滥用到这种程度，早该废除了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELuCmX9U0AAqoLP?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 今年有四分之一的美国家庭因为医疗费太高而推迟了严重疾病的治疗，创了纪录。在1991年这个比例是11%。美国这方面也越来越像其他国家了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELuOaGEVUAAR0KS?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @Alexajinyu 美国穷人和老人看病费用由政府包了。看不起病的是中产阶级家庭和中青年。美国的主流是希望所有的人都能和穷人、老人一样看病免费，但共和党不干，因为这意味着富人要多缴税。

james cui @jian94089 · Dec 15 美国医疗服务太贵，价格不透明是根本问题。向富人多收税的方法，Obama医保不就是这么干的吗？结果几年下来，保费越来越高。医疗费用的增长速度远超各种收入的增速。这不是共和党的问题。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @jian94089 奥巴马医健啥时候向富人多收税了？连奥巴马医健是什么内容都不清楚，就会跟着乱怪罪。奥巴马医健的本意是通过处罚不投保的人促进大家投保，参与投保的年轻人多了保费就自然降低，并给保险公司补贴。结果川普废除不了奥巴马医健就搞破坏，把处罚金额降为0，还拖欠给保险公司的补贴，保费能不上涨嘛。

Eddie Cheng @realEddieCheng · Dec 15 奥巴马医保包括给富人增加了 3.8% 的投资增值税，也给高收入的人增加了 0.9% 的工资税。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @realEddieCheng 那是针对年收入20万美元以上的，不是专门针对富人的。富人一般指的是top 1%。沃伦提出的给年收入5千万美元以上的人增税来资助全民医保，那才是靠给富人征税。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 【微课预告】方舟子：科学素养的试金石 https://t.co/Fg7OqFazuN?amp=1

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 美国最高法院决定听取两个关于川普报税表案件的上诉，比较奇怪。最高法院听取上诉，或是因为下级法院有不同判决，或是案件有法学意义，但在此都不适用。川普方提出的阻止交出其报税表的理由荒唐可笑，被下级法院一致驳回，一名法官甚至在判决里说其理由是“放屁”。看来川普安插的两个大法官要报答他了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELufSxhUcAAsFG7?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 肯塔基共和党州长下台前赦免了400多名罪犯，包括一名入室抢劫杀人的，因为该罪犯家人募捐$21500给州长，该案两名共犯没给钱就没被赦免。州长还赦免了强奸9岁小孩、杀死新生儿、雇凶杀死商业搭档的，还有一名杀害父母的罪犯，给的赦免理由是放他出来服务社会更能报答其父母。有的案件干脆不给赦免理由。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELuoPviUEAAJsXA?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELuoPvhUUAARe9Q?format=jpg&name=small

honururu @honururu · Dec 14 我以为只有总统才能赦免

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @honururu 美国司法分联邦和州两个系统，总统有权赦免联邦罪犯无权赦免州罪犯，州长有权赦免州罪犯无权赦免联邦罪犯。川普下台后即使新总统赦免他，纽约州仍可起诉他。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 14 中国成年人患糖尿病的比例达到11%，世界第二，快赶上美国了。如果论人数那就是又得了一项世界第一了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELu5ODtVAAEz0n7?format=jpg&name=small

孙朝阳 @sunchaoyang1st · Dec 14 我们家娃问了我好几次了，《猫头鹰探长3》啥时候出呀？在他心目中这书和《哈利波特》同属于最好看的系列

伊雁声 @yiyansheng · Dec 14 谢谢小书友。探长3还在应对复杂的局势，危机重重，威雪还在努力战斗。好消息是，探长的姊妹系列《动物快跑》第一部快完稿了；故事集《真实的我》快出来了。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 《纽约时报》社论《弹劾。》。是不是该报历来最短社论标题？文章倒是不短。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELyP3afUYAApVbM?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELyP3aeVAAAI5Zk?format=jpg&name=medium https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELyP3aeUwAAdYbv?format=jpg&name=medium https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELyP3ahVUAEy3jx?format=jpg&name=medium

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 《中国日报》欧盟分社社长抱怨推特上中国声音太少。他是真傻还是装傻，不知道那是什么原因造成的？自己在墙外搞外宣就忘了墙的存在？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELynJa3UwAANzvO?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 《纽约时报》说中国强硬派赢了中美贸易协议第一回合。《纽约时报》是不是要从“西方反华势力”变成“中国人民的老朋友”了？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELy0lNyUUAEVTW4?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 苏格兰人民在抗议。苏格兰有些像加州，其自由派价值观与全国偏保守的价值观不协调，不过比加州幸运的是他们可以通过公投独立出去。英国脱欧将会促使苏格兰尽快独立。这次大选主张独立的苏格兰国家党大获全胜，赢得59个议席中的48席，2014年独立公投的时候该党才有5席。再来一次公投就独立出去了。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1206045842047561728

Shawn?? @shawnzhang90 · Dec 15 不是之前说加州也能公投独立的吗

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @shawnzhang90 加州当然可以公投独立，有三分之一的加州人支持独立，但是美国宪法没有规定怎么独立，联邦政府可以不认公投结果。苏格兰如果公投独立那就是独立了。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 刘记水煎包。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzEWKoUcAEd81r?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 山中即景 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzL-uTUEAI2eee?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzL-uUUYAEUlOf?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzL-uWVUAAiPDX?format=jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzL-udU0AEplYm?format=jpg

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 这个44岁女律师被川普提名当联邦法官，美国律协给的评价也是不合格，因为她几乎没有任何庭审经验，一辈子出过一次庭还只是当助手。但参议院还是49:44通过任命，因为她极端反对人工流产，连试管婴儿也反对，在共和党议员看来这就够了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzVBp8UEAERa5y?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzVBp6U4AABb9Q?format=jpg&name=small

龚绍帆律师LA Lawyer @SFSJLA · Dec 15 你对法律行业不熟，她曾是 Brett Kavanaugh的法律助理（law clerk），抛开政治倾向不管，能做Brett Kavanaugh的law clerk的都是智商和水平超高的，做个联邦地区法院法官搓搓有余。————超高智商的人不需要经验，智商普通的人可能需要很多年的经验。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @SFSJLA 哇，来了一个比美国律协更熟悉法律行业的大律师，想必也是智商和水平超高，还跟着美国律协干什么？啥时候自己搞个律协？

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 北京有个民工在微信群里开了一句玩笑，就成了“宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义罪”，判刑9个月，实在恐怖。前几天北京有个教授说911恐怖分子是侠客呢，该判刑几年？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzkl8kU8AA0V93?format=jpg&name=medium

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 人人都是班干部，从小过官瘾，为长大以后进入官场做好准备。美国的小学有班级没有班干部，中学连班级都没有，当然也没有班干部。学校有学生会，是要学生自己去竞选的，不是老师任命的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzzbwwVUAAGeDL?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELzzbwwUEAAf44S?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 著名女演员萨利.菲尔德（得过两次奥斯卡最佳女演员奖，中国观众最熟悉的应是她演阿甘的妈妈）星期四晚上在肯尼迪中心领终身成就奖，星期五就去国会山参加简.方达的气候抗议一起被捕。这年代不当良心犯被捕一次人生都不完整了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ELz6vHVUcAIMGuK?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 15 这种教材是不是泄露了“国家机密”。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL0HULhWkAABoG5?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL0HULHU4AAa2i3?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL0HULfWwAAiOVh?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL0HULFVUAA14Id?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 上海警察在闹市街头抓一名拿菜刀的嫌犯，连开7枪，打伤两名路人。看来在中国不仅深夜能撸串，还��挨警察枪子。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1206350589484879872

sumnny @sumnny · Dec 16 在米国不是直接爆头么

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @sumnny 翻墙水军别老是意淫美国警察都像他们那样残暴无人性。距离那么近，在这种情况下美国警察只会使用电击枪，要开枪也只会朝非致命部位打。嫌犯已经逃跑，周围那么多路人，更不会乱开枪伤及无辜。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 从视频看，警察与持刀者对峙了一段时间，没有及时制服，等到他开始跑，警察再连开七枪，没打中嫌犯（嫌犯头部的伤应是撞的），反而打伤两名路人。报道却说“民警果断将其击伤”。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL3W_-TUcAIAHq1?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL3W_-UVUAAokW8?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL3W_-UU0AAUx6z?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL3W_-UU4AEtI5n?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 圣地亚哥自然历史博物馆植物部的感谢信，说我送的标本是个新纪录（准确地说是第二个标本、第一个完整标本），将收入馆藏，录入圣地亚哥郡植物名录。以后应该在网上查得到。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL3orxmUUAE-dfm?format=jpg&name=small

陶君?????? @jootao · Dec 16 非常喜欢类似热带植物的小植物园，圣迪亚戈那个公园是我见到最好的公园，比金门公园和曼哈顿公园还要漂亮。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @jootao 你照的这个是一个花房。圣地亚哥还有一个大型植物园。

George Xing @xingfamily · Dec 16 上个月去了自然历史博物馆，因为展厅小，没有展出老方的捐赠。工作人员说大部分收藏都没有展出。

老方是否可以推荐一本英文的科学史的简读本，准备送给16岁女儿做生日礼物。谢谢。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @xingfamily 植物标本不好看，是供收藏和研究的，不是供展出的。牛津大学出过“插图历史”系列，其中有一本是科学史，应该适合高中生看。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 福克斯电视台的民意调查，54%美国人支持弹劾川普，50%支持罢免他，41%反对弹劾，认为川普滥用职权、妨碍国会、贿赂的美国人远多于否认的。等着川普再次大骂其御用电视台叛变。其实很多共和党也知道川普犯罪，只不过他们不在乎，因为那是能替他们干活的罪犯。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL373-7VAAAYxh2?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL373-8VUAAX6vp?format=jpg&name=small

Jon J. Wang @jonjwang · Dec 16 What does @realEddieCheng say? https://twitter.com/fangshimin/status/1206397235665108993

Eddie Cheng @realEddieCheng · Dec 16 俺说川普应该被弹劾，也应该被罢免。罢免之后，由彭斯当几个月的总统。然后俺们再投票把川普选上。他又可以重新开始再当两任总统，直到2028。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @realEddieCheng 美国宪法规定，参议院罢免总统后可以禁止其再担任联邦公职，所以川普如果被罢免是不能再去选总统的，他可以去选州长。而且宪法第22修正案规定，一个人只能当选2次总统总共任期8年（如果是副总统继任总统的，不超过两年的不计在内，所以一个人最多只能当10年总统）。和俄国不一样，没有可以重新计算一说

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 【美国法治的又一笑话】参议院司法委员会主席说，他不假装是公正的陪审员，会尽力让川普弹劾审判尽快终结。此人和麦康奈尔一样都是高级黑。常识告诉我们，被腐败的陪审团判决无罪的人不仅不能说明其无罪，反而说明其有罪。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL4GGzqUYAAxvMn?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 发表新文《方舟子｜当你听说又一种“神药”横空出世》http://sciowl.com/2019/12/15/magic-medicine/

Greta Thunberg @GretaThunberg · Dec 15 Very important thread by the brave and inspirational Joshua Wong. https://twitter.com/joshuawongcf/status/1206101077407305728

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 勾结“港独分子”啊，这下瑞典环保女孩更要被墙内人民骂死了。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 这次英国大选保守党和支持脱欧的其他党实际上只获得46%选票，而工党和反对脱欧的党获得52%选票，但保守党却有79席多数。看来英国和美国一样也存在选区划分不合理的问题。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL4mBpXVAAELnm3?format=jpg&name=medium

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 三名西点军校白人学员公然就在体育比赛电视直播中在其黑人同学身后打出表示白人至上的手势。谁敢管？管了川普就要干预。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1206453117899821056

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 78岁母亲省吃俭用7年替亡子还债，这么悲惨的事，是社会制度的悲哀，央视还当做光辉事迹报道？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL42X4UU4AEmhxW?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL42X4RUEAAYeV_?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL42X4SU8AAQu-Z?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 这个无耻的基督徒，宣泄着对一个不过是要人们关注气候变化问题的小女孩的仇恨，却要说她和纳粹一样煽动仇恨、毁灭生命，真够变态的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL48p4ZVUAAggWS?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 16 把中国人当成特殊物种，声称有什么东西“更适合中国宝宝体质”的，都是骗子。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL5ETCRUUAAVLcI?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL5ETCTVUAAQcnm?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 墙内官媒果然开始妖魔化瑞典环保女孩，煽动一帮读者用最恶毒的话谩骂她。官媒不会告诉你，她那条推特下面就解释了她坐的火车在巴塞尔被取消，换了两次车到哥廷根才有座位。同一趟车的旅客也证实了。她也没抱怨没座位，反而说这说明乘火车的人多了，是好事。只会乱骂的墙内人学学这气量吧，夏虫不可语冰 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL8gcj5UEAAa54t?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL8gc7IUEAACzJo?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 华盛顿邮报逐条统计，川普就职1055天，撒谎15413次，平均每天撒谎15次。今年平均每天撒谎22次，其中大约600次谎是关于乌克兰门的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL8oJMnUwAAojXx?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL8oJMpUcAYwp4r?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 这个球星究竟发表了什么“争议言论”，说不得，大家没头没脑跟着骂就行了。不过环球网既然说那是“争议言论”，那就是可以争议的了？为什么不发出来让大家“争议”？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL84qleU0AApvf7?format=jpg&name=medium

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 中医的辩证思维真是妙不可言，不把你绕晕不算有能耐。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9CjRqUEAAvBTc?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 像“著名历史学家”章立凡这种喜欢写淫诗骂人的猥琐老男人当然会对一个小女孩充满仇恨呢。还看“面相”呢，他觉得自己的“面相”很好？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9O1TzUYAAGwgT?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 章立凡这个猥琐老男人还是个神医，会看面相诊病。牛顿、爱因斯坦、达尔文、居里夫人、莫扎特、贝多芬、杰斐逊、马克吐温、奥维尔、爱迪生、比尔.盖茨等等都被怀疑患有阿斯伯格综合症，请章神医再给这些人看看面相。至于他引用的那句话，女孩她妈已声明过是比喻，只有脑子是水做的人才会当成是事实描述 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9XIuaVAAAJUqu?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 《纽约时报》文章《川普是怎么输掉贸易战的》：贸易战很少有有赢家，但有输家，川普就是一个。贸易战的目标一个都没达成，只是让美国变弱。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9ffrlUUAA0Z2a?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9ffrkUYAAdhjq?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9ff50UUAUCeYz?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9ff8ZU8AAzc6j?format=jpg&name=small

Chef Tom @Tom42798388 · Dec 17 中国间谍打入纽约时报内部了

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @Tom42798388 我故意不说作者是谁，喜看一帮看不懂英文的翻墙川粉乱骂。诺贝尔经济学奖获得者都成了中国间谍，你说这些川粉有多傻？

Ke Chen @cktears · Dec 17 看来猫能意识到手机里看到的是自己的像 Quote Tweet M @miaaselaa · Dec 9 this video of cats reacting to cat face filter has me crying.

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @cktears 猫没有自我意识，即使它知道镜子能照别的像，也不知道自己的像。目前通过镜像测试的哺乳动物只有类人猿、海豚、虎鲸、大象，猫没通过。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 1947年以来美国人均GDP增长了300%，底层90%的平均收入才增长200%，看来大部分财富都被顶层10%拿走了。80年代是分水岭。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL9yA2cUYAE1UhI?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 川普说很多人要他当终身大总统，他认为这个想法不错。这个不是开玩笑，其前新闻部长桑德斯的老爸、前阿肯色州州长已在电视上论证川普应该当三任总统，理由是其第一任期被民主党的调查浪费掉了，不能算数。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL98-dtUUAA-XDk?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 17 厉害，赶英超美已经10倍完成了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EL-GdnAU0AIJRg_?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 复旦大学修改章程，连口头上的“思想自由”也不要了，变成复旦党校。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMBzgLCU0AAWjZN?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMBzgLBU4AAs44B?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 600多名研究美国历史的美国历史学家联名支持弹劾川普。今天晚上全美国600多个地方举行聚会支持弹劾川普。明天川普将会被众议院弹劾，毫无悬念。然后共和党把持的参议院将举行与被告串通、拒绝传唤证人和证据的伪审判迅速宣布他无罪。但谁都知道，被连起码公正程序都不讲的伪审判宣布“无罪”其实表明有罪 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCHteWVUAEfCNG?format=jpg&name=medium https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCHteVU4AAF4CS?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 黄色那句话是照镜子说的？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCUGbCUEAA3Ebf?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 新文章微信版。当你听说又一种“神药”横空出世 https://t.co/E6hiwvOMXW?amp=1

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 广东茂名又暴乱了。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1207143640054685697

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 被弹劾前夕川普给佩洛西议长写了一封怒气冲冲、充满感叹号的信，会和他给土耳其总统的信一样“名垂千古”。其实就是5页半的推特，从风格看应是川普的亲笔或口述，个别用词比较生僻，应是最后有人给润色了一下。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCrda3UEAEBZTG?format=jpg&name=900x900 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCrdlSUYAAzWJN?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCrdlWUcAASzPJ?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCrdlRUEAA263c?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 复旦党校教授张维为说，“言论自由中国人要比美国比西方多得多。”这只要重新定义什么是“言论自由”就行了，就像《1984》预言的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMCzkddVUAIgWpz?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 活性酶吃下去就没活性了，所以这种“光明鲜奶”也是骗人的。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMC6oHkUEAEhZwU?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 复旦的校歌又该改了吧，做不到的事别乱唱。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMDCaG2U8AES5k0?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 原川普竞选副经理里克.盖茨因阴谋罪和对联邦调查局撒谎判刑45天、三年察看和罚款两万美元。判得这么轻是因为他反水与独立检察官穆勒合作。此前川普的竞选经理因拒绝合作被判刑7年半。通俄案中川普团队被起诉的人就剩前国家安全顾问福林还没判了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMDKqraUwAEsn5w?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 佩洛西议长回应川普给她的信：忙着工作，没看全文，看了主要部分，真是令人作呕。川普又该气坏了。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMDSQnLVUAAlzl2?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 18 华为在历来支持参拜靖国神社、否认“南京大屠杀”的日本极右翼“反华急先锋”报纸《产经新闻》上做整版广告。爱国小将们何在？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMDZReRU0AAUvs-?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 瑞典环保女孩被《自然》评为十大年度人物之一。怎么办？抵制“反华学术期刊”《自然》？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMHBgunVAAAKW3z?format=jpg&name=4096x4096

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 今天众议院举行弹劾投票前最后辩论，说是辩论，其实是说给选民听的演讲，共和党议员更是借机骂民主党、吹捧川普。很少有交锋。例如一名共和党议员说民主党是想要通过弹劾推翻2016年大选结果，接下去发言的民主党议员反驳说，推翻不了，即使川普被罢免也是彭斯继任。但后面发言的共和党议员继续那么说。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 轮到众议院情报委员会共和党首席委员发言时，我猜他又要说“民主党甚至想搞到川普的裸照”，果然。这是他第N次说这话了，却没有争取到一个共和党议员跟着说，成了其专利。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1207477078515310592

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 听共和党议员发言是很好的批判性思维练习。虽然发言人数多，他们反复说的无非这些：民主党仇恨川普早就想弹劾（动机无关事实成立与否）、川普政绩斐然（政绩大小无关犯罪与否）、川普冻结给乌克兰的军援是为了逼乌克兰反腐（意思是有交易但正当）、乌克兰总统说没有感到有压力（又否定存在交易了）。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 历史性时刻：川普成为美国历史上第三个被弹劾的总统，“流芳百世”了。投票结果：230:197:1通过滥用职权条款；229:198:1通过妨碍国会条款。分别有2、3名民主党众议员投反对票，1名民主党众议员弃权，没有一名共和党众议员有骨气敢投赞成票，反而是很多来自支持川普选区的民主党众议员勇敢地投了赞成票。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMHgnPFUEAAXtoN?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMHgnPHUEAAqZe7?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMHgnPFU4AIIEa0?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMHgnPHUwAEX-XY?format=jpg&name=360x360

lane.superxiao @LSuperxiao · Dec 19 Emmmmm......反正参议院也不会给过

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @LSuperxiao 参议院需要三分之二票数才能罢免总统，不可能通过也没有通过的先例。支持弹劾川普的人也很少有人希望他真被罢免，因为让彭斯这个神棍继任更糟糕。但检察官发现了犯罪不能因为知道法院腐败定不了罪就不起诉，这是原则问题。而且逼着某些共和党参议员表态，不利于他们明年重选，对民主党夺回参议院也有利

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 今天去了一趟洛杉矶中国领事馆办手续。时隔18年发现领事馆一带成了韩国街一部分了；办事程序学习美国政府机构，而不是把中国那套搬过来了；办事人员态度变好了，可能是因为由大妈换成了更有服务意识的新一代年轻人。18年前我写的这篇文章被当成舆情上报。《感受中国领事馆》 https://t.co/R4hj0tl2T2?amp=1

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 最新民意调查结果：49%支持弹劾并罢免川普，46%反对。49%同意川普滥用职权逼迫乌克兰调查拜登，39%不同意。49%同意川普妨碍国会，43%不同意。71%认为川普应该允许其助手去参议院作证，甚至64%共和党选民也这么认为。不过川普和共和党参议员都说了，不许作证。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMH6MAdVAAEsR0E?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMH6MI6U8AADyHT?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 有人反映打不开文章，发一个图片版。《感受中国领事馆》https://evernote.com/shard/s546/sh/a85733ce-314b-4c55-ab64-022ca690fcfe/f66d8c4b62c37206ae94b47b4d04951c https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMH-KUyUYAAmfX-?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMH-KUyUwAAbZI-?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMH-KUzU8AEwU_6?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMH-KU3U8AECcOY?format=jpg&name=small

黄未原 Weiyuan Huang @WeiyuanOttawa · Dec 19 也有可能因为现在都认得出方先��了。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @WeiyuanOttawa 也不是，我看他们对前面的人态度也都不错，有的申请人带的材料不全他们还会帮着解决。我办完的时候已经到下班时间了（下午2点），现在只要在下班前进门的就都给办了，不会说一下班人就跑了。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 复旦食堂惊现“暴徒”。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1207540822427652096

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 这些拒绝采访的中国学者是以此表明学术自由已丧失吗？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMIS0NuVUAAiKe3?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 复旦党校教授张维为的唯一反动言论。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMIb8QLUYAAb-RW?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMIb8QaUUAEd_hm?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 美国历史上有三个总统被弹劾，一个在面临弹劾时辞职。这是《纽约时报》当时的报道。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMInFNcU4AAwE7v?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMInFNcUEAA579K?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMInFXtU4AA1lwx?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMInFXuUcAAzqMX?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 19 看今天弹劾辩论，就可知在川普治下共和党已堕落到何等程度，以前还有几个批评他的，现在都没有了。居然没有一个共和党议员承认川普虽然犯错但不至于被弹劾，而是比赛吹捧川普，有把他被弹劾比做珍珠港遇袭的，还有比做耶稣上十字架的。难怪《纽约时报》发的社论标题是《川普已被弹劾。共和党跟着堕落》 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMIysRKUcAE78Sw?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMIysRJVUAIc-Ch?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMIysRLVAAAI-lr?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMIysRLUcAE8rBW?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 美国各大报今日头版头条。约好了是吧？ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMA0WTU0AA81GG?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMA0dDVAAAs8kK?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMA0dGU8AIazJs?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMA0hxUwAALcq3?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 佩洛西议长这句话说中了美国宪法的漏洞：“我们的创建者写宪法的时候想到了可能会有恶棍当总统，却没想到会同时出现恶棍当总统和恶棍当参议院领袖。”有恶棍当参议院领袖，恶棍总统就可以为所欲为不用担心被罢免。如果同时再来一个恶棍当众议院议长，甚至连弹劾恶棍总统都不可能。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMLvfKUwAEpMVJ?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 根据美国宪法，罢免总统的审判和刑事审判并无大差别，由众议院指定众议员当检察官，全体参议员当陪审团，首席大法官当法官。实际操作中大法官只是取代副总统当参议院无权的主持人，法官实际上由陪审团担任，审判怎么进行、要不要找证人、找什么证人都由参议员表决，这样就变成多数党把持，没法保证公正

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 共和党议员反对弹劾川普还有一条理由：我们是来立法的，不是来弹劾的。这不成为理由，二者并不冲突。民主党也不是像川普骂的那样“啥都不干”，本届众议院已通过约400个法案送到参议院，麦康奈尔都置之不理，忙着填补他当年阻挠奥巴马任命留下的大批联邦法官空缺，只要是反堕胎的人选不管是否合格都通过 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMYgbLUEAANSNz?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMYgepUcAAHsjo?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMYgbHUUAAj3k0?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMYgbGU0AI4GJ9?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 北卡人民送给川普的圣诞礼物，聚会唱：“祝你弹劾快乐”。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1207843662207434753

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 川普在密歇根演讲，说密歇根众议员德比.丁格尔的老公今年去世时他给降了半旗，她却投票赞成弹劾他（对川普来说什么都是交易），她老公可能下了地狱，听众除了嘘居然有人鼓掌欢呼。川普这么骂人不意外，但密歇根民风也这么堕落了？“中西部良善”哪去了？我还以为喜欢咒别人下地狱的南方福音派教徒才这样 https://twitter.com/i/status/1207851301310099456

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 原来欠的是银行贷款，我还以为是民间借贷不还怕受报复。这种银行没人性。人死帐销，可清算贷款人的遗产抵债，哪有让其贫苦母亲用七年还债的道理，央视居然还把这种社会悲剧当成诚信典型报道。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMMxVJbVAAARckB?format=jpg&name=medium

逆行の?? 东亚病夫又TM睡了叫不醒！！！ @jumper_smaller · Dec 20 我想证实一下，墙内新闻说给老人送去了9000+的慰问金是否属实？希望没有片面转发。当然这个事，让人看到之后是有些心酸的，如果是7年前存入了银行两千，现在会怎么处理？大清的这种体制决定了“事不好办”。

方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @jumper_smaller 捐赠是个人行为，和银行无关。银行本来就不应该收这笔钱，更不应该树这种“诚信典型”。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 原来欠的是银行贷款，我还以为是民间借贷不还怕受报复。这种银行没人性。人死帐销，可清算贷款人的遗产抵债，哪有让其贫苦母亲用七年还债的道理，央视居然还把这种社会悲剧当成诚信典型报道。

dingyilin @dingyilin3 · Dec 20 这是一个法律问题，取决于老人是否继承了儿子的遗产。如果继承了死者的遗产，那么也需要相应地承担死者的债务。这是没有错的。方舟子 @fangshimin Replying to @dingyilin3 一个赤贫家庭，有什么遗产？即使以遗产还债，也不能影响继承人的基本生活需求。

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 2008年川普接受采访，说他很喜欢佩洛西议长，建议她弹劾小布什，因为小布什撒谎去打伊拉克，而且认为弹劾克林顿是荒唐的。 https://twitter.com/i/status/1207873090211856385

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 非转基因大豆和转基因大豆蛋白质含量也就差几个百分点，那点差别跟酱油品质有个五毛钱关系。水货“科普”就会骗人。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNDwMcUEAEB858?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 女儿做的圣诞小乌龟。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNLYBQUYAAUeOG?format=jpg&name=medium

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 普京为川普被弹劾鸣不平，说那是民主党试图通过非法程序推翻2016年美国大选结果，措辞和共和党一模一样。川普则说，他相信是乌克兰而不是俄国干预了2016年美国大选，因为普京这么跟他说的。这两人已经毫不掩饰相互勾结了，反正也不能把他们怎么着。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNTGBTVAAA6pEB?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNTGBSUUAEBQdi?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNTGBaUwAMhcWY?format=jpg&name=360x360 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNTGBVU8AAvUlE?format=jpg&name=360x360

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 澳大利亚创纪录高温，49.9摄氏度。而悉尼笼罩在烟雾中已经有很多天了，一派末日景象。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNeCetU0AAKC_O?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNeCe0VUAAoMAY?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 昨天投反对票的两名民主党众议员其中一个今天宣布加入共和党，得到了川普亲切接见，他受宠若惊地宣誓“永远支持你”。投票前他已联系川普，希望川普支持他加入共和党，川普就发推说他在共和党中很有人气。此人所在的选区是历来选共和党的保守区，去年他乘着蓝波当选，明年即使能代表共和党竞选估计也没戏 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNl6JcU8AAgPce?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 福音派基督徒是川普坚定的支持者，因为他们相信川普是上帝派来拯救美国的。今天福音派主要报纸《基督教今日》突然发表社论支持弹劾川普，声称他是不道德的典型，应该被罢免。引起了轰动，网站流量大到宕机。该报主编下个月退休，和某些共和党官员一样，也是要退休了才敢硬气一次。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMNsmkfU4AEQM6E?format=jpg&name=900x900

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 我还以为各省独立、自命“临时总统”是几个墙外妄人在网上的恶搞，却被墙内当真了，堪比飞天面条教被当成邪教。 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMN7rehUEAAqvqM?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMN7rehVUAAfeaF?format=jpg&name=small

方舟子 @fangshimin · Dec 20 明天微课《科学素养的试金石》 https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMOBZaqUcAIZ0el?format=jpg&name=small https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EMOBZapUEAAr5hK?format=jpg&name=small

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2ttf · 12 years

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bookofjin · 6 years

Text

Liu Yuan founds the fourth Han

Translations

WS001, Preliminary Annals

10th Year [of Emperor Zhao, 304 AD], Emperor Hui of Jin was detained at Ye by the King of Chengdu, Ying. The Xiongnu offshoot Liu Yuan rebelled at Lishi, titling himself King of Han. The Inspector of Bing province, Sima Teng came to request a host. Emperor Huan led more than 100 000 cavalry. The Emperor likewise at the same time greatly raised up to accordingly assist him. They greatly routed Yuan's multitudes in Xihe and Shangdang. It happened that Emperor Hui returned to Luo. Teng therefore bid farewell to the host. Emperor Huan swore a covenant with Teng at the east of the Fen [or “at Fendong”] and then returned. He therefore sent the Assistant Assessors Wei Xiong and Duan Fan to Leishi west of Canhe Slope to raise and set up a stele to accordingly record the act.

十年，晉惠帝為成都王潁逼留在鄴。匈奴別種劉淵反於離石，自號漢王。並州刺史司馬騰來乞師。桓帝率十餘萬騎，帝亦同時大舉以助之，大破淵眾於西河、上黨。會惠帝還洛，騰乃辭師。桓帝與騰盟於汾東而還。乃使輔相衛雄、段繁，於參合陂西累石為亭，樹碑以記行焉。

WS095, Biography of Liu Cong

Yuan spoke to Xuan and others, saying:

Emperors and Kings, when where they regular? I will at best be Gao of Han, at worst be Wu of Wei. But the people of Jin are not necessarily similar to us. Han had Under Heaven for many generations, kindness and virtue connection to the population's hearts. I am also a sister's child of the Han clan, sworn to be elder and younger brothers. When the older brother perishes, the younger carries on. Can we not do likewise? Now moreover, I can raise up Han, posthumously honour the Later Ruler, and thereby comfort the populace's expectations.

He therefore moved to Zuoguocheng. The far-away people who reverted to adherence were several ten thousand. He designated himself King of Han. He set up the hundred officials, with the year titled Yuanxi [“Inaugural Radiance”], and posthumously venerated Liu Shan as the Filial and Cherished [xiaohuai] August Emperor.

…

Yao, courtesy name Yongming, was orphaned young and was reared by Yuan. He quite understood books and registers, his aspirations were by nature not ordinary. He was powerful and brave, and was very strong. Iron 1 cun thick he could shoot at and pierce it. He was convicted in an affair and was to be executed, but absconded and hid in Zhaoxian, he took service as a county soldier. There happened to be an amnesty and he got to return home.

淵謂宣等曰：「帝王豈有常哉，當上為漢高，下為魏武。然晉人未必同我，漢有天下世長，恩德結於民心，吾又漢氏之甥，約為兄弟，兄亡弟紹，不亦可乎？今且可稱漢，追尊後主，以懷民望。」乃遷於左國城，遠人歸附者數萬。自稱漢王，置百官，年號元熙，追尊劉禪為孝懷皇帝。

…

曜，字永明。少孤，見養於淵。頗知書計，志性不恆。拳勇有膂力，鐵厚一寸，射而洞之。坐事當誅，亡匿朝鮮，客為縣卒，會赦得還。

JS004, Annals of Emperor Huan

The General who Calms the North, Wang Jun [JS039], dispatched Wuwan cavalry to attack the King of Chengdu at Ye, greatly routing him. Ying drove with the Emperor in a single chariot to flee to Luoyang, those submitting to the carriage divided and scattered, hustled and bustled above and below without presenting.

The Palace Attendants and Yellow Gates were presented from within [their] bags 3 000 cash, decreed to borrow and employ. By buying food they thereby supplied, the palace people stopped to eat in the middle of the road and in guest houses. The palace people had grasped a sheng with surplus husks from rice to eat and dried garlic and salted beans to thereby advance to the Emperor. The Emperor ate it. The Imperial Palace Yellow Gates were draped in cloth.

They lodged at Huojia and traded for unpolished and uncooked rice to eat, filling thereby earthen pots. The Emperor ate two cups. There was an old father presenting and offering chicken, the Emperor accepted it.

They arrived at Wen and wanted to pay visit to the Mounds. The Emperor lost his slipper[s] and accepted the slippers of a follower. The subordinates bowed with flowing tears. Left and right all blew their noses and sobbed.

When they crossed the He. Zhang Fang lead 3 000 cavalry and used a sun beacon green covered chariot to receive and welcome. Fang bowed to pay his respects, the Emperor personally stopped him.

On xinsi [1 October], a great amnesty, bestowed those who followed each proportionately.

安北將軍王浚遣烏丸騎攻成都王穎于鄴，大敗之。穎輿帝單車走洛陽，服御分散，倉卒上下無齎，侍中黃門被囊中齎私錢三千，詔貸用。所在買飯以供，宮人止食于道中客舍。宮人有持升餘粇米飯及燥蒜鹽豉以進帝，帝啖之，御中黃門布被。次獲嘉，市粗米飯，盛以瓦盆，帝啖兩盂。有老父獻蒸雞，帝受之。至溫，將謁陵，帝喪履，納從者之履，下拜流涕，左右皆歔欷。及濟河，張方帥騎三千，以陽燧青蓋車奉迎。方拜謁，帝躬止之。辛巳，大赦，賞從者各有差。

JS037, Biography of Sima Teng, King Wuai of Xincai

…

Ying was afraid. He held onto the Emperor to return to Luoyang, and advanced Teng in rank to General who Calms [the North?].

…

穎懼，挾帝歸洛陽，進騰位安將軍。

JS039, Biography of Wang Jun

…

He used the Master of Accounts, Qi Hong as the vanguard. He came across Ying's general Shi Chao at Pingji, struck and defeated him. Jun exploited the victory to thereupon overcome Yecheng. The multitude soldiers brutally plundered and the dead were very many. The Xianbei greatly carried off the wives and girls. Jun instructed that those who dared to be holding onto [them] in secret would be beheaded. Hence those who were drowned in the Yi river were 8 000 people. The black-haired commoners' bitter poison started with this.

…

以主溥祁弘為前鋒，遇穎將石超於平棘，擊敗之。浚乘勝遂克鄴城，士眾暴掠，死者甚多。鮮卑大略婦女，浚命敢有挾藏者斬，於是沉於易水者八千人。黔庶荼毒，自此始也。

JS059, Biography of Sima Ying, King of Chengdu

…

The outriders arrived at Ye. Ying dispatched the Inspector of You province, Wang Cai, with Shi Chao, Li Yi and others to resist Jun. They were defeated by Jiezhu and others.

Within Ye they greatly shook in fear. The hundred companions fled and ran, the soldiers split up and scattered. Ying was afraid, he commanded several tens of riders of his personal followers, held the Son of Heaven close, and, together with a the Overseer of the Palace Writers, Lü Zhi, then ran. After five days they arrived in Luo. Jiezhu pursued to Zhaoge, but did not catch up and turned back.

…

候騎至鄴，穎遣幽州刺史王斌及石超、李毅等距浚，為羯朱等所敗。鄴中大震，百僚奔走，士卒分散。穎懼，將帳下數十騎，擁天子，與中書監慮志單車而走，五日至洛。羯朱追至朝歌，不及而還。

JS089, Biography of Wang Yu

(see http://bookofjin.tumblr.com/js089 for full translation)

…

When the King of Chengdu. Ying, was at Ye, he also used [Wang] Yu as General who Excites the Martial. At Liu Yuanhai becoming Northern Shanyu, Yu talked to Ying, saying:

Yuanhai is now leaving. Yu requests to be pressing him for Your Highness. If not done, [I] fear he will not arrive.

Ying made it so, and used Yu as General who Rout the Caitiffs. Yuanhai thereupon kept him, afterwards using him as Grand Tutor.

成都王穎在鄴，又以育為振武將軍。劉元海之為北單于，育說穎曰：「元海今去，育請為殿下促之，不然，懼不至也。」穎然之，以育為破虜將軍。元海遂拘之，其後以為太傅。

JS091, Biographies of Cui You and Fan Long

Cui You, courtesy name Zixiang, was a native Shangdang. As young he was fond of studying, he was discerning and enlightened in the Ruist methods, tranquil, peaceful, humble and withdrawn. From young to old his mouth not once spoke about wealth and profit. At the end of Wei, he was examined as Filial and Upright, and appointed Retainer of the Chancellor's Office. He set out to be Chief of Dichi, he was very kind in government affairs. He retired due to illness, and thereupon was disabled and sick.

At the beginning of Taishi [265 – 274], Emperor Wu favoured the succession [?] from Emperor Wen's old office companions and staff, and attended on the family to designate a Palace Gentleman. Aged more than 70, he still esteemed studying and did not tire. He compiled a Chart of Mourning Clothes, which has come down through the ages. When Liu Yuanhai usurped the throne, he instructed him to be Imperial Clerk Grandee. He firmly declined and did not go. He passed on at home, at the time he was 93 years old.

崔遊，字子相，上黨人也。少好學，儒術甄明，恬靖謙退，自少及長，口未嘗語及財利。魏末，察孝廉，除相府舍人，出為氐池長，甚有惠政。以病免，遂為廢疾。泰始初，武帝祿敘文帝故府僚屬，就家拜郎中。年七十餘，猶敦學不倦，撰《喪服圖》，行於世。及劉元海僭位，命為御史大夫，固辭不就。卒於家，時年九十三。

Fan Long, courtesy name Songyan, was a native of Yanmen. His father Fang was Wei's Grand Warden of Yanmen. The pregnancy for Long lasted 15 months. When he was born then his father deceased. At the age of 4 sui, he also mourned his mother. The sound of his mournful shouts moved to anguish the travellers on the road. A lonely orphan, he had no relatives in mourning [?]. His distant clansman Fan Guang pitied and reared him. He received him [as if?] coming home, and taught him books, and had erected a sacrificial hall. Long was fond of studying and cultivated prudence, he served Guang like a father.

He had a broad and comprehensive understanding of the classics and records, overlooking nothing [?]. He put forth Spring and Autumn, Three Traditions, and compiled Three Rites, Good and Evil [in] the Ancestral Records, they considerably were ordering righteousness [?].

In the time of Emperor Hui, Under Heaven was about to be chaotic. Long hid his traces and did not obey the instructions of the province or commandery. In daytime he industriously ploughed and sowed, at night he recited the books and canons. He was quite versed in the esoteric calendar's teachings of yin and yang, and knew Bing province was about to have omens of vapours and malign auras. For that reason he more and more did not again set out to serve.

He was good friends with Zhu Ji of Shangdang. Once he wandered the mountains together with Ji. They saw an old man at the banks of a spent [?] mountain brook. The old man said:

You two Dukes, why are [you] at this place?

Long and others bowed to him. When they raised their heads to look at him, they no longer saw him. Later he and Ji depended on Liu Yuanhai. Yuanhai used Long as Great Herald and Ji as Grand Master of Ceremonies, both were enfeoffed as Dukes. Long died in the reign of Liu Cong. Cong bestowed Grand Teacher.

范隆，字玄嵩，鴈門人。父方，魏鴈門太守。隆在孕十五月，生而父亡。年四歲，又喪母，哀號之聲，感慟行路。單孤無緦功之親，疏族范廣愍而養之，迎歸教書，為立祠堂。隆好學修謹，奉廣如父。博通經籍，無所不覽，著《春秋三傳》，撰《三禮吉凶宗紀》，甚有條義。惠帝時，天下將亂，隆隱迹不應州郡之命，晝勤耕稼，夜誦書典。頗習祕歷陰陽之學，知并州將有氛祲之祥，故彌不復出仕。與上黨硃紀友善，嘗共紀遊山，見一父老於窮澗之濱。父老曰：「二公何為在此？」隆等拜之，仰視則不見。後與紀依于劉元海，元海以隆為大鴻臚，紀為太常，並封公。隆死于劉聰之世，聰贈太師。

JS101, Yearly Annals of Liu Yuanhai

…

Wang Jun sent General Qi Hong to lead Xianbei and attack Ye. Ying was defeated, and held onto the Son of Heaven to run south to Luoyang. Yuanhai said:

Ying did not employ my words, on the contrary he is himself running from disaster. He truly has menial talents. However as I and him had words, I cannot but aid him.

Hence he instructed the Yulu King of the Right, Liu Jing, and the Dulu King of the Left, Liu Yannian, and others to lead 20 000 infantry and cavalry, and commanded them to punish the Xianbei. Liu Xuan and others firmly remonstrated, saying:

Jin is without the Way, slaves and lackeys govern us. Therefore the Worthy King of the Right's fierceness does not surpass his anger. Just now Jin's guide ropes are not spread. [If] the great affair is not followed through, the Worthy of the Right will smear [himself?] with earth, to the Shanyu's shame.

Now in the Sima clan, father and son, elder and younger brother, are themselves [chopping] each other [like] fish meat, this is Heaven casting aside Jin's virtue and conferring it on us. [If] the Shanyu stores up virtue in his body, and is submitted to by the people of Jin, [he] soon will raise up our nation and tribe and restore the patrimony of Huhanxie. The Xianbei and Wuhuan could be used as helpers, why would [we] resist them and aid [our] foes!

Now Heaven is acting through us and cannot be disobeyed. To disobey Heaven is not auspicious, to go against the multitudes is not helpful. [He who when] Heaven gives does not take, will in turn receive his calamity. [I] wish the Shanyu would not doubt.

Yuanhai said:

Good. I will be raising up the hill to the pinnacle mound, why would I make a hillock! As for Emperors and Kings, when where they regular? Yu the Great set out from the Western Rong, King Wen was born among the eastern Yu. Looking back, they were conferred for virtue, that was all.

Now [I] see a multitude of more than 100 000, and anyone of us is a match for ten of the Jin. To strike the march and then destroy chaotic Jin is like snapping deadwood, that is all. At best I can complete the legacy of Gao of Han, at worst I will be no less than the Wei clan.

However the people of Jin are not necessarily similar to us. Han had Under Heaven for many generations, kindness and virtue connection to people's hearts. Thus though Zhaolie [lived] rough and rugged in the lands of a single province, he was yet able contend at an equal level Under Heaven. I am also a sister's child of the Han clan, sworn to be elder and younger brothers. When the older brother perishes, the younger carries on. Can we not do likewise? Moreover, I can raise up Han, posthumously honour the Later Ruler, and thereby comfort the people's expectations.

He therefore moved to Zuoguocheng. The far-away people who reverted to adherence were several ten thousand.

1st Year of Yongxing [304 AD], Yuanhai therefore had an altar in the southern suburbs, and falsely acceded as King of Han. He sent down an order, saying:

Formerly our Grand Founder [ta], the Exalted [gao] August Emperor used his divine martial ability to follow expectations, and broadly began the great patrimony. The Grand Ancestor [taizong], the Filial and Civil [xiaowen] August Emperor gave weight to using enlightened kindness, peace and prosperity was the Way of Han. The Generational Ancestor [shizong], the Filial and Martiaizul [xiaowu] August Emperor expanded the territory and repelled the yi, the territory exceeding the days of Tang. The Middle Ancestor [zhongzong], the Filial and Propagating [xiaoxuan] August Emperor, sought and lifted up the capable and outstanding, many scholars filled the court.

Hence the Way of our founder and ancestors strode pass the Three Kings, their achievements exalted as the Five Emperors. For that reason the foretold years were many times the Xia and Shang's, the foretold generations exceeded the Ji clan. But Yuan and Cheng had many crimes, Ai and Ping were briefly blessed. The traitorous subject Wang Mang overflowed Heaven and usurped disobediently.

Our Generational Founder [shizu], the Brilliant and Martial [guangwu] August Emperor was expansively endowed with sagely martial ability. He immensely restored the vast foundation, worshipped Han matched with Heaven, and did not neglect old matters, so that the Three Luminaries' obscurity were yet restored to clarity, the Three Receptacles' darkness were yet restored to visibility. The Manifesting Ancestor [xianzong], the Filial and Enlightened [xiaoming] August Emperor, and the Solemn Ancestor [suzong], the Filial and Articulating [xiaozhang] August Emperor, amassed eras, the blazing light twice revealed.

From He and An and afterwards, the august guide-ropes gradually decayed, Heaven's pace was hard and difficult, the state's government again and again cut off. The Yellow Turban seas boiled in the Nine Provinces, the crowd of eunuchs' poison flowed in the Four Seas. Dong Zhuo following that indulged his careless heedlessness, Cao Cao, father and son, fell rebels, were soon after.

For that reason Xiaomin let go and put aside the ten thousand states. Zhaolie strayed beyond Min and Shu, hoping the stoppage in the end would have exaltation, returning the carriage box to the old capital. How to assess Heaven not regretting the calamity, the Later Emperor was embarrassed and humiliated.

Since the altars of soil and grain were lost and ceased, the ancestral temple have not had blood to eat for forty years until this point. Now Heaven is coaxing its inner self, regretting the calamity to August Han, and making the Sima clan, father and son, elder and younger brother, repeatedly break and wipe out each other. The numerous multitudes are in the mud and soot, scattering to denounce and accuse.

This Orphan is now all at once pushed forward by the crowd of excellencies, to carry on offering to the Three Founders' legacy. Looking at [my?] current crippled ignorance, [I] shiver in fear for collapsing in a shallow grave [?]. However, as the great shame is not yet wiped away, the altars of soil and grain are without a host, with gall in the mouth and the roost cold [?], [I] will strive to follow the crowd's opinion.

He therefore made an amnesty within his region, with the year titled Yuanxi [“Inaugural Radiance”], and posthumously venerated Liu Shan as the Filial and Cherished [xiaohuai] August Emperor. He established Gaozu of Han and below, three Founders and five Ancestors, as divine rules and worshipped them. He established his wife, Ms. Huyan, as Queen. He set up the hundred officials, using Liu Xuan as Imperial Chancellor, Cui You as Imperial Clerk Grandee, Liu Hong as Grand Commandant, the remainder were designated and conferred each proportionally.

…

王浚使將軍祁弘率鮮卑攻鄴，穎敗，挾天子南奔洛陽。元海曰：「穎不用吾言，逆自奔潰，真奴才也。然吾與其有言矣，不可不救。」於是命右於陸王劉景、左獨鹿王劉延年等率步騎二萬，將討鮮卑。劉宣等固諫曰：「晉為無道，奴隸御我，是以右賢王猛不勝其忿。屬晉綱未馳，大事不遂，右賢塗地，單于之恥也。今司馬氏父子兄弟自相魚肉，此天厭晉德，授之於我。單于積德在躬，為晉人所服，方當興我邦族，復呼韓邪之業，鮮卑、烏丸可以為援，奈何距之而拯仇敵！元海曰：「善。當為崇岡峻阜，何能為培塿乎！夫帝王豈有常哉，大禹出於西戎，文王生於東夷，顧惟德所授耳。今見眾十餘萬，皆一當晉十，鼓行而摧亂晉，猶拉枯耳。上可成漢高之業，下不失為魏氏。雖然，晉人未必同我。漢有天下世長，恩德結於人心，是以昭烈崎嶇於一州之地，而能抗衡於天下。吾又漢氏之甥，約為兄弟，兄亡弟紹，不亦可乎？且可稱漢，追尊後主，以懷人望。」乃遷於左國城，遠人歸附者數萬。

永興元年，元海乃為壇於南郊，僭即漢王位，下令曰：昔我太祖高皇帝以神武應期，廓開大業。太宗孝文皇帝重以明德，升平漢道。世宗孝武皇帝拓土攘夷，地過唐日。中宗孝宣皇帝搜揚俊乂，多士盈朝。是我祖宗道邁三王，功高五帝，故卜年倍於夏商，卜世過於姬氏。而元成多僻，哀平短祚，賊臣王莽，滔天篡逆。我世祖光武皇帝誕資聖武，恢復鴻基，祀漢配天，不失舊物，俾三光晦而復明，神器幽而復顯。顯宗孝明皇帝、肅宗孝章皇帝累葉重暉，炎光再闡。自和安已後，皇綱漸頹，天步艱難，國統頻絕。黃巾海沸於九州，群閹毒流於四海，董卓因之肆其猖勃，曹操父子凶逆相尋。故孝愍委棄萬國，昭烈播越岷蜀，冀否終有泰，旋軫舊京。何圖天未悔禍，後帝窘辱。自社稷淪喪，宗廟之不血食四十年于茲矣。今天誘其衷，悔禍皇漢，使司馬氏父子兄弟迭相殘滅。黎庶塗炭，靡所控告。孤今猥為群公所推，紹脩三祖之業。顧茲尪闇，戰惶靡厝。但以大恥未雪，社稷無主，銜膽棲冰，勉從群議。」乃赦其境內，年號元熙，追尊劉禪為孝懷皇帝，立漢高祖以下三祖五宗神主而祭之。立其妻呼延氏為王后。置百官，以劉宣為丞相，崔游為御史大夫，劉宏為太尉，其餘拜授各有差。

JS101, Biography of Liu Xuan

Yuanhai acceded as king at the advice of Xuan. For that reason he especially received honour, his merits among the relatives [?] had no equal, in the army and state, inside and outside, nobody did not esteem him.

元海即王位，宣之謀也，故特荷尊重，勛戚莫二，軍國內外靡不專之。

JS102, Biography of Chen Yuanda

Chen Yuanda, courtesy name Changhong, was a native of the Rear Section. His original family name was Gao, due his birth month hindering his father, he for that reason changed to be called Chen. As young he was faced with orphanage and impoverishment. He often personally ploughed while reciting books. He enjoyed the Way and walked chanting, in exuberant delight like that. Reaching age fourteen, he did not interact or communicate with people. Yuanhai was Worthy King of the Left. He heard about and summoned him, but Yuanda did not answer. When Yuanhai usurped the title, people spoke to Yuanda, saying:

Formerly Excellency Liu was submissive. You Lord disregarded [him] and did not look back. Now he is esteemed as the flying dragon. Are you, Lord, afraid?

Yuanda replied, saying:

Why are you saying that? His person's bearing and measures are prominent and outstanding, and he has the aspirations of caging and netting space and time. I firmly understood it a long time ago. As such in former days, although I did not go, it was due to destined time having not yet arrived. [I] was not able with no affairs to babble babble. He himself had accordingly confidence [?] in me. You Sir only just became aware of him. I fear it will not go beyond two or three days before the relayed letter will surely arrive.

That evening Yuanhai actually summoned Yuanda as Gentleman of the Yellow Gates. The person said:

You Lord is likely a sage!

When he had arrived, he was brought in for audience. Yuanhai said:

You Sir assented to come early. Why be a Gentlemen and that is all.

Yuanda said:

Your Subject has considered an allotment for his nature [?], the abundant allotments are brimming. [If] Your Subject early knocked the Heavenly Gates, maybe the Great King would bestow a place among the Nine Ministers or Receiver of Words. If these then are not allotments for Your Subject, Your Subject may ask accordingly for what he is worthy of! Thus due to curbing feelings, hemming and hawing, waiting for allotment and then arrive, [then] the Great King is without the slander of excessive bestowal, Your Small Subject avoids the calamity of summoning bandits, can this not be done!

Yuanhai was greatly pleased. While in his post, he was loyal and bold, frequently advancing with frank words. When he withdrew to edit a draft, even his sons and brothers did not get to know about it.

陳元達，字長宏，後部人也。本姓高，以生月妨父，故改云陳。少面孤貧，常躬耕兼誦書，樂道行詠，忻忻如也。至年四十，不與人交通。元海之為左賢王，聞而招之，元達不答。及元海僭號，人謂元達曰：「往劉公相屈，君蔑而不顧，今稱號龍飛，君其懼乎？」元達笑曰：「是何言邪？彼人姿度卓犖，有籠羅宇宙之志，吾固知之久矣。然往日所以不往者，以期運未至，不能無事喧喧，彼自有以亮吾矣。卿但識之，吾恐不過二三日，驛書必至。」其暮，元海果徵元達為黃門郎。人曰：「君殆聖乎！」既至，引見，元海曰：「卿若早來，豈為郎官而已。」元達曰：「臣惟性之有分，盈分者顛。臣若早叩天門者，恐大王賜處於九卿、納言之間，此則非臣之分，臣將何以堪之！是以抑情盤桓，待分而至，大王無過授之謗，小臣免招寇之禍，不亦可乎！」元海大悅。在位忠謇，屢進讜言，退而削草，雖子弟莫得而知也元海大悅。在位忠謇，屢進讜言，退而削草，雖子弟莫得而知也。。

JS103, Yearly Annals of Liu Yao

Liu Yao, courtesy name Yongming, was Yuanhai's clan-child. He was orphaned young and was reared by Yuanhai. While a child he was intelligent and discerning, and had unusual measures. At the age of eight sui, he accompanied Yuanhai hunting in the western mountains. It happened to rain, and they stopped beneath a tree. Suddenly thunder shook the tree, the nearby people could not but fall over. Yao's spirit and appearance remained self-composed. Yuanhai was astonished with him and said:

This our family's thousand li colt. Cousin is not dead!

He was 9 chi, 3 cun tall, his hands hung down beyond the knees. When he was born, his eyebrows were white and his eyes had a red shine. His beard and whiskers did not exceed a hundred roots, but all were 5 chi long. He by nature lifted up schemes and was eminently bright, he stood out from the crowd. He studied books and treatises with a broad outlook, he did not precisely consider sections or sentences. He was good at composing texts and was skilled with the draft and clerical scripts. His gallantry and martial ability exceeded other people, iron 1 cun thick he could shoot at and pierce it, at that time he was nicknamed as a divine archer. He was particularly fond of military books could recite roughly all of them from memory.

He often made light of and insulted Wu and Deng, and compared himself with Yue Yi, Xiao and Cao. At the time people did not agree with him, only Cong always said:

Yongming, to flow with Shizu and Wu of Wei, why are those excellencies sufficient to speak of!

As a youth he drifted to Luoyang. He was convicted in an affair and was to be executed, but absconded and hid in Zhaoxian. There befell an amnesty and he then returned home.

He himself, due to his appearance and quality being different from the multitudes, feared he would not be tolerated by the era. He hid his tracks in the Guancen Mountains, using the zither and books as his affairs. One night as he was dwelling idle, there were two servant boys who entered, knelt, saying:

The King of Guancen sends his Young Subjects to receive and pay respects to the August Emperor of Zhao.

They presented a single edged sword and set it up before them, bowed twice and left. He used a torch to inspect it. The sword was 2 chi long, its shine and polish was not ordinary, red jade made up the scabbard, on its backside there was an inscription which said: “The divine sword reigns, removes the multitudes' posion”. Yao thereupon wore it. The sword followed the four seasons and changed to have five colours.

劉曜，字永明，元海之族子也。少孤，見養於元海。幼而聰彗，有奇度。年八歲，從元海獵於西山，遇雨，止樹下，迅雷震樹，旁人莫不顛仆，曜神色自若。元海異之曰：「此吾家千里駒也，從兄為不亡矣！」身長九尺三寸，垂手過膝，生而眉白，目有赤光，鬚髯不過百餘根，而皆長五尺。性拓落高亮，與眾不群。讀書志於廣覽，不精思章句，善屬文，工草隸。雄武過人，鐵厚一寸，射而洞之，於時號為神射。尤好兵書，略皆闇誦。常輕侮吳、鄧，而自比樂毅、蕭、曹，時人莫之許也，惟聰每曰：「永明，世祖、魏武之流，何數公足道哉！」弱冠游于洛陽，坐事當誅，亡匿朝鮮，遇赦而歸。自以形質異眾，恐不容于世，隱迹管涔山，以琴書為事。嘗夜閑居，有二童子入跪曰：「管涔王使小臣奉謁趙皇帝，獻劍一口。」置前再拜而去。以燭視之，劍長二尺，光澤非常，赤玉為室，背上有銘曰：「神劍御，除眾毒。」曜遂服之。劍隨四時而變為五色。

TPYL045, Geography Part 10: Mountains of Hebei

The Records of Former Zhao states:

Liu Yuanhai's clan-child Yao, once escaped to hide in the mountains of Guancen. At night suddenly there were two servant boys who entered, knelt, and said:

The King of Guancen sends his Young Subjects to receive and pay respects to the August Emperor of Zhao.

They presented a single edged sword and set it up before them, bowed twice and left. He used a torch to inspect it. The sword was 2 chi long, its shine and polish was not ordinary, on its backside there was an inscription which stated: The divine sword worn [by] the ruler, removes the multitudes' poison”. Yao thereupon wore it. In the following season it changed to have five colours.

《前趙錄》云：劉元海族子曜，嘗隱避於管涔之山，夜忽有二童子入，跪曰：「管涔王使小臣奉謁趙皇帝，獻劍一口置前，再拜而去。以燭視之，劍長二尺，光輝非常，背有銘云「神劍」。服御除眾毒，曜遂服之，隨時變為五色也。

TPYL119, Regional Hegemons Part 3: Liu Yuan

Cui Hong's Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen States, Records of Former Zhao says:

…

Yuan said:

I will be raising up the hill to the pinnacle mound, why would I make a hillock! As for Emperors and Kings, when where they regular? Yu the Great was born among the Western Rong, King Wen was born among the eastern Yu. Looking back, they were conferred for virtue, that was all.

Now [I] see a multitude of more than 100 000, and anyone of us is a match for ten of the Jin. To strike the march and destroy chaotic Jin is like snapping deadwood, that is all. At best I can complete the legacy of Gao of Han, at worst I will be no less than the Wei clan. How is Huhanxie a sufficient course of action!

Xuan and others praised it as good.

1st Year of Yuanxi [304 AD], he moved to Zuoguocheng. The Jin people who [came from] the east to adhere were several ten thousand. Xuan and others sent up [to assume] the venerated title. Yuan said:

Now the Jin clan still exist, the Four Regions are not yet settled. [We] can look up to and honour the Exalted August's first regulations, and moreover designate [me] King of Han [while] for the moment delaying the tile of August Emperor. [When I] hear the cosmos is mixed into one [I] will once more discuss it.

10th Month [14 November – 10 December], he had an altar in the southern suburbs, and falsely ranked as King of Han. He changed Jin's 1st Year of Yongxing to be the 1st Year of Yuanxi [“Inaugural Radiance”], there was a great amnesty Under Heaven. He posthumously venerated Liu Shan as the Filial and Cherished [xiaohuai] August Emperor, established the divine rulers of the three Ancestors and five Founders and worshipped them. He set up the hundred officials, using Liu Xuan as Imperial Chancellor, and designated and conferred each proportionally.

淵曰：「當為崇岡峻阜，何能為培螻乎！夫帝王豈有常哉，大禹生於西戎，文王生於東夷，顧惟德所授耳。今見眾十餘萬，皆一當晉十，鼓行摧亂晉，猶拉枯耳。上可成漢高之業，下不失為魏氏，何呼韓耶足道哉！」宣等稱善。

��熙元年，遷於左國城，晉人東附者數萬。宣等上尊號，淵曰：「今晉氏猶在，四方未定，可仰遵高皇初法，且稱漢王，權停皇帝之號，聽宇宙混一當更議之。」十月，為壇南郊，僣漢王位，改晉永興元年為元熙元年，大赦天下，追遵劉禪為孝懷皇帝，立三宗五祖之神主而祭之。置百官，以劉宣為丞相，拜授各有差。

TPYL119, Regional Hegemons Part 3: Liu Yuan

Cui Hong's Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen States, Records of Former Zhao says:

Liu Yao, courtesy name Yongming, was Yuan's clan-child. He was orphaned young and was reared by Yuan. While a child he was intelligent and discerning. He by nature lifted up schemes and was eminently bright, he stood out from the crowd. Iron 1 cun thick he could shoot at and pierce it. He was 9 chi, 3 cun tall, his hands hung down beyond the knees. When he was born, his eyebrows were white and his eyes had a red shine. His beard did not exceed a hundred roots, but all were 5 chi long.

崔鴻《十六國春秋·前趙錄》曰：劉曜，字永明，淵之族子。少孤，見養於淵。幼而聰慧，性托落高亮，與眾不群。鐵厚一寸，射而洞之。身長九尺三寸，手垂過膝，生而眉白，目有赤光，須不過百餘根，皆長五尺。

TPYL421, People's Doings Part 62: Righteousness, Middle

…

Cui Hong's Spring and Autumn of the Sixteen States, Records of Former Zhao says:

The King of Jiangdu, [Liu] Yannian, at the age of 15 mourned his two parents. He served his uncle and had a reputation for filial piety. His son Liangsun and first cousin once removed were seized by a man-eating thief [?]. Yannian pursued and requested them. The thief considered Liangsun to return home with Yannian. Yannian did obeisance and requested saying:

I as a young orphan was reared by my uncle. This is my uncle's orphaned grandson. [I] hope that [you will] consider my son to change with him.

The thief said:

You Lord is a righteous gentleman

He released him.

…

江都王延年，年十五喪二親，奉叔父孝聞。子良孫及弟從子為啖人賊所掠，延年追而請之。賊以良孫歸延年，延年拜請曰：「我以少孤為叔父所養，此叔父之孤孫也，愿以子易之。」賊曰：「君義士也。」免之。

ZZTJ085, Annals of Jin

…

He dispatched the Yulu King of the Left, Hong, to lead 5 000 elite cavalry and meet up with Ying's general Wang Cui and resist the Duke of Dongying, Teng. But Cui had already been defeated by Teng, so Hong returned back with nothing done.

Wang Jun and the Duke of Dongying, Teng, combined troops to strike Wang Bin, greatly routing him. Jun used the Master of Accounts, Qi Hong as vanguard. He defeated Shi Chao at Pingji, and exploited the victory to advance the army. Within Ye they greatly shook in fear. The hundred companions fled and ran, the soldiers split up and scattered. … Ying thereupon commanded several tens of riders of his personal followers, and together with Zhi served the Emperor in driving a calf chariot fleeing south to Luoyang.

…

Wang Jun entered Ye. The multitude soldiers brutally plundered and the dead were very many. He sent Jiezhu of the Wuhuan to pursue the Brother-Heir, Ying. He reached Zhaoge but did not catch up. Jun turned back to Ji. Since many of the Xianbei carried off people's wives and daughters, he instructed that if there were those who dared to be holding onto [them] in secret, they would be beheaded. Hence those who were drowned in the Yi river were 8 000 people.

The Duke of Dongying, Teng, requested a host from Tuoba Yitou to accordingly strike at Liu Yuan. Yituo and his younger brother Yilu combined troops to strike Yuan in Xihe, and routed him. He swore a covenant with at the east of the Fen, and then returned. The outriders arrived at Ye.

Liu Yuan heard the Brother-Heir, Ying, had left Ye, he sighed and said:

He did not employ my words, on the contrary he is himself running from disaster. He truly has menial talents. However as I and him had words, I cannot accordingly not aid him.

He commanded to send out troops to strike the Xianbei and Wuhuan. Liu Xuan and others remonstrated, saying:

The people of Jin's slaves and lackeys govern us. Now their bones and flesh harm each other. Thus Heaven rejects them and causes us to restore the patrimony of Huhanxie. The Xianbei and Wuhuan are of our manners and type, and could be used as helpers. Why would we strike them!

Yuan said:

Good. A man of great talent must become Gao of Han or Wu of Wei. Huhanxie, how is it enough to emulate him!

Xuan and others touched head to ground, saying:

[They] are not reaching up [to you].

…

Liu Yuan moved the capital to Zuoguocheng. The Hu and Jin who reverted to him were more and more multitudes. Yuan spoke to his crowd of subjects, saying:

Formerly Han had Under Heaven for a very long time, with kindness connecting to the population. I am a sister's child of the the Han clan, sworn to be elder and younger brothers. When the older brother perishes, the younger carries on. Can we not do likewise?

He therefore founded a state titled Han. Liu Xuan and others requested to elevate to the venerated title. Yuan said:

Now the Four Regions are not yet settled, moreover [we] can rely on the Exalted Founder and designate [me] King of Han.

Hence he acceded as King of Han. There was a great amnesty, and he changed the inaugural to be Yuanxi [“Inaugural Radiance”]. He posthumously honoured the Duke of Anle, Shan, as the Filial and Cherished [xiaohuai] August Emperor. He made Han's three Founders and five Ancestors divine rulers and worshipped them. He established his wife, Ms. Huyan, as Queen. He used the Worthy King of the Right, Xuan, as Imperial Chancellor, Cui You as Imperial Clerk Grandee, the Yulu King of the Left, Hong, as Grand Commandant, Fan Long as Great Herald, Zhu Ji as Grand Master of Ceremonies, Cui Yizhi of Shangdang and Chen Yuanda of the Rear Section both as Gentlemen of the Yellow Gates, his clan-child Yao as General who Establishes the Martial. You firmly declined and did not go.

Yuanda as young had aspirations for commitment. Yuan once summoned him, but Yuanda did not answer. When Yuan became King of Han, someone spoke to Yuanda, saying:

Are you, Lord, afraid?

Yuanda replied, saying:

I understood that person a long time ago. He likewise revealed the heart of mine. However [I] fear it will not go beyond three or two days before the relayed letter will surely arrive.

That evening Yuan actually summoned Yuanda. Yuanda served Yuan, frequently advancing with frank words. When he withdrew to edit a draft, even his sons and brothers did not get to know about it.

When Yao was born, his eyebrows were white and his eyes had a red shine. While a child he was intelligent and discerning, and made daring calculations. He was orphaned young and was reared by Yuan. Becoming adult, his deportment and appearance was remarkable and imposing. He by nature lifted up schemes and was eminently bright, he stood out from the crowd. He was fond of studying books and good at composing text. Iron 1 cun thick he could shoot at and pierce it. He often compared himself with Yue Yi and Xiao and Cao. At the time people did not agree with him, only Liu Cong esteemed him, saying:

Yongming, to flow with Shizu of Han and Wu of Wei, why are those excellencies sufficient to speak of!

遣左於陸王宏帥精騎五千，會穎將王粹拒東嬴公騰。粹已為騰所敗，宏無及而歸。

王浚、東嬴公騰合兵擊王斌，大破之。浚以主簿祁弘為前鋒，敗石超於平棘，乘勝進軍。候騎至鄴，鄴中大震，百僚奔走，土卒分散。... 穎遂將帳下數十騎與志奉帝御犢車南奔洛陽。

…

王浚入鄴，士眾暴掠，死者甚眾。使烏桓羯朱追太弟穎，至朝歌，不及。浚還薊，以鮮卑多掠人婦女，命：「有敢挾藏者斬！」於是沈於易水者八千人。

東嬴公騰乞師於拓跋猗㐌以擊劉淵，猗㐌與弟猗盧合兵擊淵於西河，破之，與騰盟于汾東而還。

劉淵聞太弟穎去鄴，歎曰：「不用吾言，逆自奔潰，真奴才也！然吾與之有言矣，不可以不救。」將發兵擊鮮卑、烏桓，劉宣等諫曰：「晉人奴隸御我，今其骨肉相殘，是天棄彼而使我復呼韓邪之業也。鮮卑、烏桓，我之氣類，可以為援，奈何擊之！」淵曰：「善！大丈夫當為漢高、魏武，呼韓邪何足效哉！」

…

劉淵遷都左國城，胡、晉歸之者愈眾。淵謂群臣曰：「昔漢有天下久長，恩結於民。吾，漢氏之甥，約為兄弟。兄亡弟紹，不亦可乎！」乃建國號曰漢。劉宣等請上尊號，淵曰：「今四方未定，且可依高祖稱漢王。」於是即漢王位，大赦，改元曰元熙。追尊安樂公禪為孝懷皇帝，作漢三祖、五宗神主而祭之。立其妻呼延氏為王后。以右賢王宣為丞相，崔游為御史大夫，左於陸王宏為太尉，范隆為大鴻臚，朱紀為太常，上黨崔懿之、後部人陳元達皆為黃門郎，族子曜為建武將軍；游固辭不就。

元達少有志操，淵嘗招之，元達不答。及淵為漢王，或謂元達曰：「君其懼乎？」元達笑曰：「吾知其人久矣，彼亦亮吾之心；但恐不過三、二日，驛書必至。」其暮，淵果徵元達。元達事淵，屢進忠言，退而削草，雖子弟莫得知也。

曜生而眉白，目有赤光，幼聰慧，有膽量，早孤，養於淵。及長，儀觀魁偉，性拓落高亮，與眾不群。好讀書，善屬文，鐵厚一寸，射而洞之。常自比樂毅及蕭、曹，時人莫之許也；惟劉聰重之，曰：「永明，漢世祖、魏武之流，數公何足道哉！」

ZZTJKY04

10th Month, Liu Yuan moved the capital to Zuoguocheng.

{Below it is said “In Lishi there was a great famine, he moved to Liting”, then thus Yuan was still at Lishi. Note that in Du You's Comprehensive Statutes: Lishi has the Southern Shanyu's courtyard at Zuoguocheng. As such, though Yuan moved to Zuoguo, he still was within the borders of Lishi county.}

Yuan acceded as King of Han.

{In the Annals of Emperors, Li Xiong and Liu Yuan were both designated kings in the 11th Month, after Emperor Hui entered Chang'an. In the Treatise on the States of Huayang, Li Xiong was designated in the 10th Month, one source writes 12th Month. The Thirty States, Spring and Autumn of Jin, and the Records of the Sixteen States all have it in the 10th Month. Now [I] follow them.}

十月劉淵遷都左國城〈下云「離石大饑，遷于黎��」，則是淵猶在離石也。按杜佑《通典》：離石有南單于庭左國城。然則淵雖遷左國，猶在離石縣境內也。〉

淵即漢王位〈《帝紀》，李雄、劉淵稱王，皆在十一月惠帝入長安後。《華陽國志》，李雄十月稱王，一本作十二月。《三十國》、《晉春秋》、《十六國鈔》皆在十月。今從之〉

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fuyonggu · 5 years

Text

Book of Jin 100.1, Biography of Wang Mi

This is the rebels chapter, so expect rebels plotting rebellion. More specifically, these are all rebels against the Jin dynasty who don’t get entries elsewhere in the Book of JIn (so no lords of the Sixteen Kingdoms and no usurpers).

First up is Wang Mi, who was not actually the son of Wang Ping. Like many biographies, it’s pretty contextless if you aren’t familiar with the timeline involved.

王彌，東萊人也。家世二千石。祖頎，魏玄菟太守，武帝時，至汝南太守。彌有才幹，博涉書記。少遊俠京都，隱者董仲道見而謂之曰：「君豺聲豹視，好亂樂禍，若天下騷擾，不作士大夫矣。」惠帝末，妖賊劉柏根起於東萊之惤縣，彌率家僮從之，柏根以為長史。柏根死，聚徒海渚，為苟純所敗，亡入長廣山為群賊。彌多權略，凡有所掠，必豫圖成敗，舉無遺策，弓馬迅捷，膂力過人，青土號為「飛豹」。後引兵入寇青徐，兗州刺史苟晞逆擊，大破之。彌退集亡散，眾復大振，晞與之連戰，不能克。彌進兵寇泰山、魯國、譙、梁、陳、汝南、潁川、襄城諸郡，入許昌，開府庫，取器杖，所在陷沒，多殺守令，有眾數萬，朝廷不能制。

Wang Mi was a native of Donglai commandary. He came from a family of Two Thousand 石 salary rank. His grandfather was Wang Qi, who was once Cao-Wei's Administrator of Xuantu. During the reign of Emperor Wu (Sima Yan), Wang Qi rose in office to Administrator of Runan.

Wang Mi was practiced and talented, and well-read and learned in books and biographies. As a youth, he wandered through the capital region as a warrior-errant. The hermit Dong Zhongdao saw Wang Mi and said to him, "Sir, you have the sound of a wild dog and the look of a panther. You are the sort of fellow who finds happiness in turmoil and delights in misfortune. If anything should befall the realm, it will not be the official's life for you."

Near the end of Emperor Hui's reign (~307), the crafty bandit Liu Bogen rose up at Jian county in Donglai commandary. Wang Mi led his family and servants to join Liu Bogen, who appointed Wang Mi as his Chief Clerk. When Liu Bogen died, Wang Mi led his forces to the sea islets. He was defeated by Gou Chun, but he fled to Mount Zhangguang and became a bandit leader. Wang Mi was very calculating and cunning, and whenever he raided a place, he always planned out his victory beforehand and never made tactical mistakes.

Wang Mi was nimble and agile with horse and bow, and his arm strength surpassed others. The people of the Qing region called him "Flying Panther".

Later, Wang Mi led his troops to invade Qingzhou and Xuzhou. The Inspector of Yanzhou, Gou Xi, intercepted Wang Mi and attacked him, greatly routing him. Wang Mi fled and gathered up all his scattered soldiers again, and the morale of his soldiers was restored. Gou Xi fought against Wang Mi several times, but he could not overcome him.

Wang Mi advanced, and his soldiers invaded the commandaries of Taishan, Luguo, Qiao, Liang, Chen, Runan, Yingchuan, and Xiangcheng. Wang Mi entered Xuchang, where he opened the Arsenal there and took weapons and equipment. All fell before him, and many Administrators and Prefects were killed. His forces swelled to the tens of thousands, and the Jin court could not control him.

會天下大亂，進逼洛陽，京邑大震，宮城門晝閉。司徒王衍等率百官距守，彌屯七里澗，王師進擊，大破之。彌謂其党劉靈曰：「晉兵尚強，歸無所厝。劉元海昔為質子，我與之周旋京師，深有分契，今稱漢王，將歸之，可乎？」靈然之。乃渡河歸元海。元海聞而大悅，遣其侍中兼御史大夫郊迎，致書於彌曰：「以將軍有不世之功，超時之德，故有此迎耳。遲望將軍之至，孤今親行將軍之館，輒拂席洗爵，敬待將軍。」及彌見元海，勸稱尊號，元海謂彌曰：「孤本謂將軍如竇周公耳，今真吾孔明、仲華也。烈祖有云：'吾之有將軍，如魚之有水。'」於是署彌司隸校尉，加侍中、特進，彌固辭。使隨劉曜寇河內，又與石勒攻臨漳。

At this time, the realm was wracked by chaos. Wang Mi advanced and threatened Luoyang, and the capital region was greatly disturbed. The palace and city gates were all shut. The Minister Over The Masses, Wang Yan, and others led the Jin government officials to man the walls. Wang Mi camped at Seven Li Gully. The Jin royal army advanced and attacked him, and Wang Mi was greatly routed.

Wang Mi said to his fellow Liu Ling, "The Jin soldiers are strong and numerous, and there is nowhere we can go to for shelter. But there is Liu Yuanhai (Liu Yuan); when he was a hostage in the capital, he and I used to roam around the capital region together, and we formed a deep bond. Now he has declared himself the King of Han. We could go to join him. What do you think?" Liu Ling agreed.

So they crossed the Yellow River and went to join Liu Yuan. When he heard of this, Liu Yuan was overjoyed, and he sent his Palace Attendants and Imperial Secretaries to welcome Wang Mi at the border. He sent Wang Mi a letter stating, "General, your achievements supplant the age, and your virtues surpass the era; that is why I have sent you this welcome. Before you reach here, I shall personally prepare a place of residence for you, roll out the carpet and wash the vessels for you, and respectfully await your arrival."

When Wang Mi met Liu Yuan, he urged him to declare himself Emperor. Liu Yuan said to Wang Mi, "General, I used to consider you as just like Dou Zhougong (Dou Rong). But now I see that you are really more like Kongming (Zhuge Liang) or Zhonghua (Deng Yu). It is as Liezu (Liu Bei) once said: 'General, now that I have you, I am like a fish that has found water'." And he appointed Wang Mi as Colonel-Director of Retainers, Palace Attendant, and Specially Advanced, but Wang Mi firmly declined these things.

Liu Yuan sent Wang Mi to accompany Liu Yao to invade Henei, and they joined with Shi Le to attack Linzhang.

永嘉初，寇上黨，圍壺關，東海王越遣淮南內史王曠、安豐太守衛乾等討之，及彌戰于高都、長平間，大敗之，死者十六七。元海進彌征東大將軍，封東萊公。與劉曜、石勒等攻魏郡、汲郡、頓丘，陷五十餘壁，皆調為軍士。又與勒攻鄴，安北將軍和郁棄城而走。懷帝遣北中郎將裴憲次白馬討彌，車騎將軍王堪次東燕討勒，平北將軍曹武次大陽討元海。武部將軍彭默為劉聰所敗，見害，眾軍皆退。聰渡黃河，帝遣司隸校尉劉暾、將軍宋抽等距之，皆不能抗。彌、聰以萬騎至京城，焚二學。東海王越距戰於西明門，彌等敗走。彌復以二千騎寇襄城諸縣，河東、平陽、弘農、上党諸流人之在潁川、襄城、汝南、南陽、河南者數萬家，為舊居人所不禮，皆焚燒城邑，殺二千石長吏以應彌。彌又以二萬人會石勒寇陳郡、潁川，屯陽曜，遣弟璋與石勒共寇徐兗，因破越軍。

At the beginning of the Yongjia reign era (~307), Wang Mi invaded Shangdang and surrounded Huguan. Jin's Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, sent the Interior Minister of Huainan, Wang Kuang, the Administrator of Anfeng, Wei Gan, and others to campaign against Wang Mi. Wang Mi fought them between Gaodu and Changping and greatly defeated them, killing sixty to seventy percent of their forces. Liu Yuan promoted Wang Mi to Grand General Who Conquers The East and Duke of Donglai.

Wang Mi joined with Liu Yao, Shi Le, and others to attack the commandaries of Wei, Ji, and Dunqiu; they captured more than fifty fortresses and drafted the people there as soldiers.

Wang Mi also joined with Shi Le to attack Ye. Jin's General Who Maintain The North, He Yu, abandoned that city and fled.

Emperor Huai sent the General of the Household Gentlemen of the North, Pei Xian, to march to Baima to campaign against Wang Mi; he sent the General of Chariots and Cavalry, Wang Kan, to Dongyan to campaign against Shi Le; and he sent the General Who Pacifies The North, Cao Wu, to Dayang to campaign against Liu Yuan.

Cao Wu's subordinate general Peng Mo was defeated by Liu Cong; when Cao Wu's troops saw that Peng Mo had been killed, they all retreated.

Liu Cong crossed the Yellow River. Emperor Huai sent his Colonel-Director of Retainers, Liu Tun, the general Song Chou, and others to oppose Liu Cong, but they could not resist him.

Wang Mi and Liu Cong led ten thousand cavalry to the Luoyang region, where they burned down the two Academies. The Prince of Donghai, Sima Yue, opposed them in battle at the Ximing Gate, and Wang Mi and the others were defeated and driven off.

Wang Mi led another two thousand cavalry to invade the counties of Xiangcheng commandary. There were tens of thousands of refugee families from Hedong, Pingyang, Hongnong, and Shangdang commandaries who were now living in Yingchuan, Xiangcheng, Runan, Nanyang, and Henan commandaries. They had been oppressed by the people already living in those places. So they set fire to all the towns and cities in those places and killed the officials of Two Thousand 石 salary rank and the Chief Clerks in order to support Wang Mi.

Wang Mi also led twenty thousand soldiers to join with Shi Le and invade Chen and Yingchuan commandaries. They camped at Yangyao. Wang Mi sent his younger brother Wang Zhang to join with Shi Le and invade Xuzhou and Yanzhou, and they routed the local generals.

彌後與曜寇襄城，遂逼京師。時京邑大饑，人相食，百姓流亡，公卿奔河陰。曜、彌等遂陷宮城，至太極前殿，縱兵大掠。幽帝於端門，逼辱羊皇后，殺皇太子詮，發掘陵墓，焚燒宮廟，城府蕩盡，百官及男女遇害者三萬餘人，遂遷帝於平陽。

Wang Mi later joined with Liu Yao to invade Xiangcheng, then advanced to threaten the Luoyang region. There was great hunger in the capital region at this time, and people ate each other. The common people all scattered and fled, and the nobles and chief ministers fled south of the Yellow River.

Liu Yao, Wang Mi, and the others broke through the palace walls, and when they reached the Front Hall of the Taiji Palace, they set their soldiers loose to sack it. They imprisoned Emperor Huai at the Duan Gate, threatened and disgraced Empress Yang, and killed the Crown Prince, Sima Quan. They dug up the old tombs and graves and burned down the palaces and temples. The governmental offices were entirely destroyed. More than thirty thousand people among the government officials and the nobles were killed. Then they moved Emperor Huai to Pingyang.

彌之掠也，曜禁之，彌不從。曜斬其牙門王延以徇，彌怒，與曜阻兵相攻，死者千餘人。彌長史張嵩諫曰：「明公與國家共興大事，事業甫耳，便相攻討，何面見主上乎！平洛之功誠在將軍，然劉曜皇族，宜小下之。晉二王平吳之鑒，其則不遠，願明將軍以為慮。縱將軍阻兵不還，其若子弟宗族何！」彌曰：「善，微子，吾不聞此過也。」於是詣曜謝，結分如初。彌曰：「下官聞過，乃是張長史之功。」曜謂嵩曰：「君為硃建矣，豈況範生乎！」各賜嵩金百斤。彌謂曜曰：「洛陽天下之中，山河四險之��，城池宮室無假營造，可徙平陽都之。」曜不從，焚燒而去。彌怒曰：「屠各子，豈有帝王之意乎！汝柰天下何！」遂引眾東屯項關。

When Wang Mi wanted to pillage, Liu Yao forbade it, but Wang Mi did not listen. So Liu Yao beheaded Wang Mi's General of the Serrated Gate, Wang Yan, as punishment. This angered Wang Mi, and he had his soldiers block Liu Yao's; they fought each other, and more than a thousand people died.

Then Wang Mi's Chief Clerk, Zhang Song, remonstrated with him, saying, "General, you are supposed to be working together with the royal family of our state to achieve the grand design. We have only just accomplished this great feat, yet now you are fighting with one another. How will you be able to show your face to our sovereign? Although taking Luoyang was indeed primarily your achievement, Liu Yao is part of the royal clan, so you should yield a little to him. Remember what happened during the dispute between the two Jin generals (Wang Jun and Wang Hun) when they argued over who deserved merit for the conquest of Wu. That incident was not so long ago. I implore you, General, to consider that. If you continue to obstruct Liu Yao, what will become of your younger relatives and your clan?"

Wang Mi replied, "You are right. If not for you, I would not have realized my fault." So he went to visit Liu Yao and apologize, and they patched up their relationship to be like before.

Wang Mi said, "It was all thanks to Chief Clerk Zhang that I realized that I was at fault."

Liu Yao said to Zhang Song, "Sir, you are another Zhu Jian; how could you be a mere common sort?" And both of them rewarded Zhang Song with a hundred catties of gold.

Wang Mi advised Liu Yao, "Luoyang is in the center of the realm. It is enveloped by mountains and rivers, and considering the walls, moats, and palaces, there would be no need to prepare camps. You ought to advise our sovereign to move the capital from Pingyang to here."

But Liu Yao did not listen, and he burned the city before leaving. Wang Mi angrily said, "You Chuge brat, is this how a king or an emperor acts?" Wang Mi led his soldiers east to camp at Xiang Pass.

初，曜以彌先入洛，不待己，怨之，至是嫌隙遂構。劉暾說彌還據青州，彌然之，乃以左長史曹嶷為鎮東將軍，給兵五千，多齎寶物還鄉里，招誘亡命，且迎其室。彌將徐邈、高梁輒率部曲數千人隨嶷去，彌益衰弱。

Earlier, Liu Yao had entered Luoyang before Wang Mi instead of waiting for him, and this angered Wang Mi. So this suspicion and division had sprung up between the two of them.

Liu Tun persuaded Wang Mi to return and occupy Qingzhou. Wang Mi agreed with him.

Wang Mi appointed his Chief Clerk of the Left, Cao Yi, as General Who Guards The East, and he gave him five thousand soldiers and many treasures and sent him back to his home district in order to recruit and entice fugitives to join him and protect Wang Mi's family.

Wang Mi's generals Xu Miao and Gao Liang both took several thousand of their soldiers and abandoned him to go join Cao Yi, and so Wang Mi's forces were gradually diminishing.

初，石勒惡彌驍勇，常密為之備。彌之破洛陽也，多遺勒美女寶貨以結之。時勒擒苟晞，以為左司馬，彌謂勒曰：「公獲苟晞而用之，何其神妙！使晞為公左，彌為公右，天下不足定也！」勒愈忌彌，陰圖之。劉暾又勸彌征曹嶷，藉其眾以誅勒。於是彌使暾詣青州，令曹嶷引兵會己，而詐要勒共向青州。暾至東阿，為勒遊騎所獲。勒見彌與嶷書，大怒，乃殺暾。彌未之知，勒伏兵襲彌，殺之，並其眾。

Earlier, Shi Le had been wary of Wang Mi for his bold and valiant spirit, and he often secretly made plans against him. After Wang Mi captured Luoyang, he kept sending Shi Le beautiful women and fine treasures in order to win him over. And when Shi Le captured Gou Xi and appointed him as his Marshal of the Left, Wang Mi said to Shi Le, "Sir, you have captured Gou Xi and put him to work for you; how divine and ingenious you are! If you can make Gou Xi your left hand, and have me as your right hand, there is no one in the realm who would be able to stop you!" But these things only made Shi Le even more suspicious of Wang Mi, and he secretly planned to get rid of him.

Liu Tun also urged Wang Mi to summon Cao Yi and have him bring his forces to execute Shi Le. So Wang Mi sent Liu Tun to visit Cao Yi in Qingzhou and order him to bring his troops to join with Wang Mi's forces, as well as entice Shi Le and attack him together at Qingzhou. But when Liu Tun reached Dong'a, he was captured by Shi Le's scout riders. When Shi Le saw the letter that Wang Mi had written to Cao Yi, he was furious, and he killed Liu Tun, but Wang Mi did not know.

Then Shi Le placed troops in ambush to surprise attack Wang Mi, and he killed Wang Mi and took over his forces.

王彌好亂樂禍，挾詐懷奸，命儔嘯侶，伺間侯隙，助悖逆於平陽，肆殘忍於都邑，遂使生靈塗炭，神器流離，邦國軫《麥秀》之哀，宮廟興《黍離》之痛，豈天意乎？豈人事乎？何醜虜之倡狂而亂離之斯瘼者也！

The Historians' Appraisal: Wang Mi indulged in turmoil and delighted in misfortune. He took false and crafty villains to be his friends and companions, and he lay in wait for opportunities to exploit. He aided the perverse traitors at Pingyang and brought death and destruction to the capital. He caused the people to become miserable refugees and forced the imperial line into exile. He inflicted the devastation described in the Fine Wheat poem upon the state, and caused the palace and the temple to experience the pitiful state of the writer of the Drooping Millet poem. How could Heaven have willed it? How could the people have wished it? How could such a savage brute have caused ‘such grievous turmoil and division’?

#Book of Jin #Jinshu

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