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I draw goofy ass pictures on the animal's whiteboards at my vet hospital job bc humor is the ultimate burnout defense

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Hey if you let your brachycephalic dog (or most dogs tbh) lay in the sun for hours on a 31’C day, they will most probably die.

Even if they go out to the garden to sit out there themselves, BRING THEM IN.

Saw a bulldog yesterday go into multi-organ failure after coming in with a temp of 42.5’C.

We can fix the temperature, we can’t fix complete organ failure.

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if you are going to need some kind of sedative for 4th of july fireworks for your pets NOW IS THE TIME TO SCHEDULE THOSE APPOINTMENTS TO ASK FOR THEM

NOT WHEN ITS 2 DAYS AWAY

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Hi, you mentioned in a recent post that fleas are becoming resistant to Frontline. We've started to use it recently to prevent ticks (more of a concern Haven't had a problem with either yet but I was wondering if you knew anything about whether ticks were also getting resistant?

Thank you for sharing the flea information!!

I have not heard anything about issues with tick prevention with those products - and a brief review of the available literature as well as some of my veterinary Facebook groups does not show any real indications of a problem. I would guess that because of the nature of the tick life cycle, which is most often not completely within domestic pet species as the hosts, there is a lower selective pressure on ticks than fleas.

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Treating fleas

Fleas never really stop being an issue in vet med, but as we in the northern hemisphere are rapidly entering summer, it is once more kicking up in intensity.

In a perfect world, everyone should have their pets on prevention year-round and we'd never have to deal with them, but that's not an achievable outcome.

If your pet does have fleas, you need to treat all pets in the household with effective prevention for at least 3 months while managing the environment. Let me break that down a little further:

"all pets in the household" means every non-human mammal in the house. I don't care if you're only seeing fleas on your one dog - other dogs, cats, ferrets, bunnies, guinea pigs, etc all need to be treated too. All of them.

"effective prevention" unfortunately at least in the US probably means prescription medication, which means your pets have to have a current (generally within last 12 mo) exam on file with a veterinarian. Frontline and other fipronil- or pyrethrin/oid-based products available OTC have become largely ineffective in the last decade or so. I know it's more expensive to get prescription prevention. But I promise it's more expensive in the long run to spend money on products that don't work well and then still have to buy the good stuff afterwards.

"at least 3 months" is because of the flea life cycle and how prevention works. The stuff you give your pets kills the adult fleas when they bite, so they disappear and stop making more fleas. Flea eggs will continue to hatch for a couple months after that. If you treat for less than 3 months you will have the same fleas again. If you stop treating after 3 months you can get fleas again (just like you got them in the first place) but are not guaranteed to.

"managing the environment" means doing what you can to minimize the number of flea eggs that are around. This helps keep your pets comfortable (less itchy) and healthy (reduced risk of illness from fleas). Mostly I have people focus on good household hygiene like vacuuming and washing bedding frequently. If you do use a flea "bomb" product, read the packaging carefully first - most of these are toxic to pets and so have to keep pets out during and for a period of time following treatment.

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I've seen a few "those aren't mine" which are always good practice for a poker face

One that I don't know the reception of but was a pair of lace panties AND single dollar bill, which we all enjoyed immensely during the procedure

And of course one of my favorite moments from vet school when the (male) surgical resident handed the 2 pairs of practical underwear back to owners in a gallon Ziploc bag and said "it was some fabric" like he hadn't inspected them to make sure there were no missing chunks he needed to keep looking for before closing the surgery site. Bruh at this point they're however much money in on the dog I think we're past the point where you can say underwear.

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Understanding Your Pet’s Lab Tests

Shared from WSU College of Veterinary Medicine.

Blood and urine tests can help your veterinarian get crucial information about the health of your pet.

Blood tests are often performed as a biochemistry profile, or chemistry panel, which is a collection of blood tests to screen several organs at one time. Some blood tests are very specific for a single organ, whereas other tests are affected by several organs.

A urinalysis can provide information about several organ systems. The concentration, color, clarity, and microscopic examination of the urine sample can provide diagnostic information.

What is a complete blood count (CBC) test?

The complete blood count measures the number of cells of different types circulating in the bloodstream. There are three major types of blood cells in circulation – red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets.

What are red blood cells?

Red blood cells, which are produced in bone marrow, pick up oxygen brought into the body by the lungs and distribute it to cells throughout the body. Red blood cells live in the bloodstream for about 100 days and are removed from the bloodstream by the spleen and liver.

Red blood cell numbers can be decreased (anemia) if they are not produced in adequate numbers by the bone marrow, if their life span is shortened (a condition called hemolysis), or if they are lost due to bleeding. Numbers can be increased (polycythemia), usually due to concentration of the blood due to dehydration.

A complete blood count also includes a measure of hemoglobin, which is the actual substance in the red blood cell that carries oxygen.

What are white blood cells?

There are several types of white blood cells in blood, including neutrophils (PMNs), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Lymphocytes are produced in lymph nodes throughout the body. The other white blood cell types are produced in the bone marrow.

Most white blood cells in circulation are neutrophils, which help fight infections. Neutrophils can be decreased in pets with bone marrow disease, some viral diseases, and in those receiving cancer chemotherapy drugs. Neutrophils are increased in pets with inflammation or infection of any part of the body and in pets receiving prednisone or other cortisone-type drugs.

Lymphocytes also help fight infection and produce antibodies against infectious agents. Lymphocytes may be increased in puppies and kittens with an infection, and they can be decreased in severely stressed pets. Lymphocytes can be lost in some types of diarrhea. Certain drugs, such as prednisone, will decrease the number of lymphocytes in the bloodstream.

Monocytes may be increased in pets with chronic infections. Eosinophils and basophils are increased in pets with allergic diseases, or parasitic infections.

What are platelets?

Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and are involved in the process of making a blood clot. Platelets live a few weeks and are constantly produced by the bone marrow.

Low platelet counts occur if the bone marrow is damaged and doesn’t produce them, or if the platelets are destroyed faster than normal. The two primary causes of platelet destruction are immune-mediated destruction (ITP or IMT) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia happens when the animal’s immune system destroys platelets. DIC is a complex problem in which blood clots form in the body using the platelets faster than the bone marrow can produce new ones. Animals with a low platelet count bruise easily and may have blood in their urine or stool.

What is a packed cell volume (PCV) test?

Packed cell volume (PCV) is another measure of red blood cells. A small amount of blood is placed in a tiny glass tube and spun in a centrifuge. The blood cells pack to the bottom of the tube and the fluid floats on top. The PCV is the percent of blood that is cells compared to the total volume of blood. In normal dogs and cats, 40-50% of the blood is made up of blood cells and the remainder is fluid.

What are some of the other common tests in pets?

Albumin is a small protein produced by the liver. Albumin acts as a sponge to hold water in the blood vessels. When blood albumin is decreased, the pressure created by the heart forcing blood through the blood vessels causes fluid to leak out of the blood vessels and accumulate in body cavities or in tissues as edema. Albumin is decreased if the liver is damaged and cannot produce an adequate amount of albumin or if albumin is lost through damaged intestine or in the urine due to kidney disease. The only cause of increased albumin is dehydration.

Alkaline phosphatase originates from many tissues in the body. When alkaline phosphatase is increased in the bloodstream of a dog, the most common causes are liver disease, bone disease, or increased blood cortisol from specific drugs or because the animal has Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism). In cats, the most common causes of increased alkaline phosphatase are liver and bone disease.

ALT is an enzyme produced by liver cells. Liver damage causes ALT to increase in the bloodstream.

Amylase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and the intestinal tract that helps the body break down sugars. Amylase may be increased in the blood in animals with inflammation (pancreatitis) or cancer of the pancreas.

Bile acids are produced by the liver and are involved in fat breakdown. A bile acid test is used to evaluate the function of the liver and the blood flow to the liver. Patients with abnormal blood flow to the liver, a condition known as portosystemic shunt, will have abnormal levels of bile acids. The bile acid test measures a fasting blood sample and a blood sample two hours after eating.

Bilirubin is produced by the liver from old red blood cells. Bilirubin is further broken down and eliminated in both the urine and stool. Bilirubin is increased in the blood in patients with some types of liver disease, gallbladder disease, or when red blood cells are being destroyed at a faster than normal rate (hemolysis). Large amounts of bilirubin in the bloodstream will give a yellow color to non-furred parts of the body, which is called icterus or jaundice.

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) is influenced by the liver, kidneys, and dehydration. Blood urea nitrogen is a waste product produced by the liver from proteins from the diet and is eliminated from the body by the kidneys. A low BUN can be seen with liver disease and an increased BUN is seen in pets with kidney disease. The kidneys must be damaged to the point that 75% are nonfunctional before BUN will increase. Pets that are severely dehydrated will have an increased BUN.

Calcium in the bloodstream originates from the bones. The body has hormones that cause bone to release calcium into the blood and to remove calcium from the blood and place it back into bone. Abnormally high calcium in the blood occurs much more commonly than low calcium. High blood calcium is commonly associated with cancer. Less common causes are bone disease, poisoning with certain types of rodent bait, chronic kidney failure, and primary hyperparathyroidism, which is over-function of the parathyroid gland.

Low blood calcium may occur in dogs and cats just before giving birth or while they are nursing their young. This is called eclampsia and occurs more commonly in small breed dogs. Eclampsia causes the animal to have rigid muscles, which is called tetany. Another cause of low blood calcium is the malfunction of the parathyroid glands that produce a hormone (PTH) that controls blood calcium levels. Animals poisoned with antifreeze may have a very low blood calcium.

Cholesterol is a form of fat. Cholesterol can be increased in the bloodstream for many reasons in dogs. It is much less common for cats to have increased cholesterol. Some of the diseases that cause elevated cholesterol are hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, diabetes, and kidney diseases that cause protein to be lost in the urine. High cholesterol does not predispose dogs and cats to heart and blood vessel disease as it does in people.

Creatinine is a waste product that originates from muscles and is eliminated from the body by the kidneys. An elevation of creatinine is due to kidney disease or dehydration. Both creatinine and BUN increase in the bloodstream at the same time in patients with kidney disease.

Creatinine kinase (CK) is released into the blood from damaged muscle. Elevation of creatinine kinase suggests damage to muscle, including heart muscle.

Glucose is blood sugar. Glucose is increased in dogs and cats with diabetes mellitus. It may be mildly increased in dogs with Cushing’s disease. Glucose can temporarily increase in the blood if the dog or cat is excited by having a blood sample drawn. This is especially true of cats. A quick test to determine whether a glucose elevation is transient or permanent is to look at the urine. If the glucose is chronically elevated there will be an increased amount of glucose in the urine as well. Low blood sugar occurs less commonly and can be a sign of pancreatic cancer or overwhelming infection (sepsis). Low blood sugar can cause depression or seizures.

Lipase is another pancreatic enzyme that is responsible for the breakdown of fats. It can be increased in patients with pancreatic inflammation or cancer.

Phosphorus in the bloodstream originates from bones and is controlled by the same hormone, PTH (parathyroid hormone), that controls blood calcium. Phosphorus is increased in the bloodstream in patients with chronic kidney disease. Phosphorus increases in these patients when about 75% of both kidneys are damaged.

Potassium is increased in the bloodstream in the pet with acute kidney failure. Potassium is lost from the body in vomit, diarrhea, and urine. Pets that are not eating may have a low blood potassium, which can cause the pet to feel weak. Cats with low potassium may develop painful muscles.

Sodium may be slightly increased in the blood if the patient is dehydrated, although many dehydrated dogs and cats have a normal blood sodium. Low blood sodium is commonly seen with Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticism).

Total protein includes albumin and larger proteins called globulins, which include antibodies. Total protein can be increased if the dog or cat is dehydrated or if the pet’s immune system is being stimulated to produce large amounts of antibody. Total protein is decreased in the same situations that reduce albumin or if the pet has an abnormal immune system and cannot produce antibodies.

This information is not meant to be a substitute for veterinary care. Always follow the instructions provided by your veterinarian. Washington State University assumes no liability for injury to you or your pet incurred by following these descriptions or procedures.

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Descemetocele in a cat.

I was presented with a cat with a corneal ulcer on the left eye that has been undergoing medical treatment for 2 weeks. The inflammation and infection was well controlled, but the ulcer progressed to descemetocele, probably due to self trauma. (image1)

Descemetocele is when the corneal ulcer is so deep, there is only one thin layer left. That layer is called the descemet. It is so thin that it bulges out due to the pressure inside the eye. One more poke, and the cornea will rupture. This is an emergency case where surgery is advised to be perform ASAP.

I suggested conjunctival flap, but due to owner's financial constrant, we settled at simple third eyelid flap along with medical treatment (antibiotics, antiinflammation, autologous serum, artificial tear, atropine sulfate drop)

The suture stayed for 3 weeks before removal. The result was satisfactory, with the descemet layer pushed back into place and granulation tissue (red patch) was formed around the lesion (image2)

At week4, scarring of the granulation is visible. (red patch start to become white) (image 3)

At week 6, all granulation is disappeared and scarring is complete. (image 4) I finished the medication here.

At week 8, the lesion is stable. There's a tiny bit of thin spot in the middle, but fluoresciene does not stain. The cat has no pain, and visual function is excellent, I call this case completed.

This is probably as good as it can get with this treatment. If we had used conjunctival flap there wouldn't be that weak point in the middle, but the aethetic will be uglier. (the flap will impede the vision somewhat). So third eyelid flap is an ok method. It is easy enough to performed by general vets and it is significantly cheaper too.

For this one, I'm comfortable with the lesion enough to dischage the case with no further appointment.

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Don’t forget when picking out Valentine flowers: every part of the lily plant is DEADLY to cats. Even a few grains of pollen can be fatal. Do not mess around thinking you’ll put them in a “safe” spot - keep them out of your house. 🌸 More info.

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A basic introduction to Fine Needle Aspirates, which are the smallest type of biopsy we can do. Featuring a couple of different cytology examples from 'dog lumps'

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hi, good morning/night! I'm a high school student hoping to become a veterinarian someday. do you have any advice on volunteer opportunities, eventually applying to the veterinary medicine program, or really anything else?

Good morning! High school is the perfect time to begin building your resume. I started working in the kennel at a vet clinic between my junior and senior years. If a part-time job is something you're considering, try visiting your local vet hospitals to see which of them hire high schoolers. Not all do, so don't become discouraged. If part-time work is unavailable, or something that doesn't fit into your schedule right now, many vets are willing to let students shadow them. It's a great introduction to the field and gives you the opportunity to ask a lot of questions.

At this stage in your journey, any experience with animals (outside of owning your own pets) is very helpful, even if not in a veterinary context. Humane societies, zoos, wildlife centers, farms/stables, and boarding kennels are examples of places you may be able to find work or volunteer experience. If you are based in the US and will be applying through the VMCAS, non-veterinary animal experience is still considered and will be logged on your application.

Another extremely important thing you can do: pursue your interests outside of animals and vet medicine. Sports, music, art, cosplay, community outreach, whatever it is you enjoy. Vet schools look for applicants that are unique and have passions and hobbies aside from animals. That was probably my biggest mistake when I applied. I was a cookie-cutter "good vet school applicant" with nothing that made me stand out.

I hope that's helpful! Best of luck!

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Hoo, this turned into a really long post, sorry!

I'm a small animal vet in private practice, who volunteers with my alma mater for screening and interviewing applicants. I'm going to add on info in 2 areas: getting vet/animal experience and getting what vet schools are looking for. Mostly not talking about how to craft the application though I can.

(1) Getting animal experience in high school is, as Orcinus said, not tied to being veterinary - volunteer at a shelter, an adoption event, muck stalls, etc. Tell *everyone* at these events but also in your general life that you want to be a vet and are looking for opportunities to get vet experience. If you have pets, go with them to their next appointment if at all possible and tell the assistant or doctor that you're looking for experience. So, so much of getting experience is getting your foot in the door - and the best way to find those open doors is to have people looking out for them for you. My main pre-vet-school vet experiences were found by: (a) my coach had a friend who was a vet, (b) my grandma's neighbor had cattle and asked their vet if I could shadow and (c) my mom's friend's ex-coworker used to own horses and knew a vet who just opened an equine practice. Putting myself out there was super uncomfortable - I am incredibly introverted and hated opening myself up to the risk of everyone knowing what I wanted in case I failed. But without that network, I wouldn't have gotten there. Especially in the animal world, everyone knows someone and you will find connections and windows there but also in your regular life. Be enthusiastic and excited about the boring and gross parts of the job - I know your life aspiration isn't to clean dog poop out of cages, but if you jump in there we all notice. Especially in vet experiences, ask questions - if it's not a good time, read social cues and ask later. If I know you're interested, I'm more likely to show you a cool thing or start a conversation about a case when I can breathe.

(2) Vet schools do differ and also you're really really not supposed to show too much behind the curtain on the admissions process, to avoid people gaming the system too much. But as OP said, they are looking for a complete person, as well as a person who knows what they're getting into.

From a vet experience perspective, that means good breadth and depth of experience. Think of it like someone asking how many countries you've been to: they don't really mean a place you never left the airport, but there's a difference between saying you took a week vacation somewhere, and saying you lived there for a year, and they care about both!

Breadth means you may know you want to be a small animal vet, but you should try to get a couple weeks of experience in as many areas as you can: cat/dog, food, equine, exotic, zoo/wildlife, research, etc. (It has to be more than a few hours to get counted on the rubric.)

Depth means that in at least one of these areas, you Got Involved and Stayed Involved beyond entry-level stuff - you got hands-on with cases, provided care and developed a better understanding of the expectations and challenges in the field.

They also want you to have done your due diligence and looked into what the challenges of this profession are. There is a national (arguably global) mental health crisis and veterinary professionals are disproportionately affected. Talk to the vets you meet during your experiences about what they find hard, what they wish they knew before they started, how they cope. It is a common conception outside of the field that euthanasia is the hardest part of the job, and I don't know a single vet who feels that way (although I'm sure they do exist).

From a whole person perspective, they are looking for people with demonstrated leadership skills, legitimate extracurriculars, and (increasingly commonly) an ability to play nice with others. These don't have to each be separate things you do.

Demonstrated leadership is what is sounds like: a vet is a leader by default in the clinic. Even if it's not an official role, think about how you lead and look for places where you can be a leader. If it is an official role, still think about how you'll explain it - because I know what's expected of some (not all) leadership positions, but I don't know if you were any good at it if you don't tell me (everyone who's been in a group with a bad leader raise your hand 🙋).

Legitimate extracurriculars means you got involved in at least one non-animal thing and did it often enough that it means something. You spent 2 hours at a food bank on Thanksgiving? Cool, but doesn't say much about you unless it's part of a larger trend. You play chess at a nursing home once a month for an hour? Tells me you have the ability to commit and follow through, you have a hobby, a community engagement, etc. This doesn't have to be volunteering, this can be you had a job (preferably not just a grind job though, if it is spin it a bit), played a sport, sang in a choir, whatever - just something or things that you do. A person who has more to their identity than vet med is less likely to burn out completely.

Ability to play nice with others is less defined and weighted lower on the rubrics but generally means that you are able to show that you have experiences outside of your own little local bubble and are able to handle being in a group with someone who has a different worldview or experience from you. (Context: My vet school was the whitest class I've been a part of, including a private Christian high school. Yeah. We had one (1, singular) Black student and a handful of other people of color in a class well over 100 people. They're, uh, kind of ish working on it, and this is part of it.) If you're on Tumblr, you probably (hopefully) aren't a raging bigot, but if you can demonstrate through your extracurriculars or other experiences that you aren't going to be racist/ homophobic/ classist/ otherwise horrible to your classmates or to clients, that does give you a bump. This can easily be things like peer tutoring, volunteering with groups providing assistance to low income people, working with animals that provide therapy for people with disabilities, or involvement in LGBT or DEI type groups. Even if you don't have an activity that was focused on or around it, it's just being able to demonstrate that your experiences involved people who aren't all the same.

hi, good morning/night! I'm a high school student hoping to become a veterinarian someday. do you have any advice on volunteer opportunities, eventually applying to the veterinary medicine program, or really anything else?

Good morning! High school is the perfect time to begin building your resume. I started working in the kennel at a vet clinic between my junior and senior years. If a part-time job is something you're considering, try visiting your local vet hospitals to see which of them hire high schoolers. Not all do, so don't become discouraged. If part-time work is unavailable, or something that doesn't fit into your schedule right now, many vets are willing to let students shadow them. It's a great introduction to the field and gives you the opportunity to ask a lot of questions.

At this stage in your journey, any experience with animals (outside of owning your own pets) is very helpful, even if not in a veterinary context. Humane societies, zoos, wildlife centers, farms/stables, and boarding kennels are examples of places you may be able to find work or volunteer experience. If you are based in the US and will be applying through the VMCAS, non-veterinary animal experience is still considered and will be logged on your application.

Another extremely important thing you can do: pursue your interests outside of animals and vet medicine. Sports, music, art, cosplay, community outreach, whatever it is you enjoy. Vet schools look for applicants that are unique and have passions and hobbies aside from animals. That was probably my biggest mistake when I applied. I was a cookie-cutter "good vet school applicant" with nothing that made me stand out.

I hope that's helpful! Best of luck!

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My brother in law recently became a veterinarian and it has really driven the point home as to how fucking bonkers veterinary medicine is. We don't expect human physicians to really know much outside of their own specialty - a dentist, an otolaryngologist, and a maxillofacial surgeon are three totally different dudes. Meanwhile a veterinarian at a wildlife rehab center is doing orthopedic surgery on a hawk and then doing rounds on baby hedgehogs in the hedgehog NICU and administering antibiotics to a ratsnake. And he also knows how to perform surgical interventions on a cow! What the fuck! Those are all totally, wildly different kinds of animal!!

Shout out to veterinarians, they know Too Much.

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If you read that second poster and are like "dang that sounds great but my GP/PT/specialist doesn't understand what I want" the magic word you're looking for is "palliative" care. Ask to take a palliative approach or for a referral to palliative care.

(I work with animals and have to tell people frequently:) Palliative care is NOT the same as hospice, but it's more of a redefinition of what a problem is.

In most cases, medically a problem is like "left hip partially dislocates all the time" ("chronic recurrent coxofemoral subluxation") and the medical management is aimed at fixing or improving that issue. Success is measured in maybe degrees of movement added to the range of motion without it popping out. If you could move your hip 10% of the way a normal person could and now it's 20%, that's improvement!

In palliative care, you redefine the problem as "I can't get upstairs" or "my pain isn't controlled enough for me to sleep". The problem is how your life is impacted and the medical management is aimed at alleviating THAT. A stair lift, a cane, a brace, PT specifically focused on stability on stairs? Extra pain meds, or a sleep aid, or a hospital bed?

The 2 approaches are far from mutually exclusive - but having someone in your care team to advocate for "how does this serve the patient's stated goals" is really valuable.

You know what? It’s fucking hard trying to get better. It’s exhausting managing doctors appointments, doing daily PT exercises, eating better, trying to exercise, trying to meditate, and doing ADL’s. I have had a bad crash per week trying to juggle and do all of the above.

It’s easier and less acutely painful to just coast and not actively work on ‘getting better’. Is the work worth it? I don’t know yet.

But to people who’ve tried and given up, to those who don’t even bother - you still deserve care and compassion.

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THIS IS YOUR FINAL WARNING TO GET YOUR MEDS BEFORE THE PHARMACIES CLOSE

they are going to be CLOSED OVER THE HOLIDAYS and so will the DOCTORS WHO SIGN YOUR PRESCRIPTIONS.

if you don’t have enough meds to last the next THREE WEEKS, put in for your repeats and refills tomorrow! that’s Wednesday! do it! don’t go to hospital at New Year because you ran out of stuff!

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I explain it to owners as "skipping the PBJ but still having the Reese's cup" because I find that they're most familiar with human peanut allergies. And still they go "oh but we still give him his dental chew" like that somehow doesn't count

Owner: my dog has terrible food allergies. Every time we try switching food he gets worse.

Vet: have you tried a hydrolyzed diet for at least 12 weeks?

Owner: yes!

Vet: then it's not food. It's environmental.

Owner: my house is very clean!!!!!