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Composition Scheme-Impact on SMEs (GST)

Composition Scheme – Impact on SMEs The heart of the Indian economy is its small and medium business segment. As on today we have about 50 million SMEs in India – contributing almost 37% of the industrial output and 46% of India’s total export. With a stable growth rate of over 10%, SME India employs a staggering 120 million people and has emerged as the leading employment-generating sector, over the years. It goes without saying, that when the nation is on the verge of a massive taxation regime change in the form of GST – its impact on the life of SMEs is super critical for the nation as a whole. At the 16th GST Council meeting on the 11th of June, 2017 – the turnover limit for composition scheme was recommended to be increased from the current INR 50 lakhs to INR 75 lakhs. In light of this recent development, let’s revisit the impact the composition provision will have on the many SMEs – both those who have been under composition in the current regime and will continue to remain so under GST; and especially those, who were looking to getting registered, but now suddenly have an option to take the composition scheme – thanks to the increase of INR 25 lakhs in the limit. Pros Increased threshold limit In the current regime, the exit threshold for composition scheme across most states is INR 50 lakhs. Under GST, this limit, although initially kept at INR 50 lakhs has now been increased to INR 75 lakhs (except for Special Category States – Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and the 7 NE states – for whom the limit stays at INR 50 lakhs until next discussion). It is obvious, that this will make more number of SMEs eligible to take the benefit of the composition scheme. More good news might await SMEs, since the limit could be increased to a maximum of INR 1 crore, on the recommendations of the GST Council. Lower rate of tax Compared to dealers, who are liable to register, a composite dealer will enjoy the main benefit of paying a comparatively lower rate of tax. The rate of tax has been fixed at – 2% for a manufacturer, 1% for a trader and 5% for small restaurants – engaged in supplies of food and drinks for human consumption. Lesser compliance activity Compared to registered dealers, a composite dealer will be spared the brunt of 3 monthly returns – rather he will be required to file 1 quarterly return, every 3 months and 1 annual return. This will surely save a lot of time for a composite dealer, allowing him to focus on core business activities which are crucial to keep him afloat in the market. Cons Restrictions on nature of goods & services A composite dealer cannot be engaged in the manufacture of certain notified goods, which would be specified by the Government and the GST Council. While we await more clarity on the same, the restriction in terms of services is pretty clear – a composite tax payer cannot be engaged in any service other than the supply of food and drinks for human consumption – in other words, a small restaurant is the maximum, a composition dealer can think of setting up. Also, a composite tax payer cannot supply goods outside the ambit of GST. Restrictions on mode of trade A composite dealer, as per the GST law, cannot engage in trade on e-commerce platforms and also, cannot engage in interstate outward supplies of goods or services. In other words, SMEs who would want to transcend their horizons by going the online way and would want to serve customers in other states, will not have the option to enjoy the composition scheme, irrespective of turnover. No ‘selective’ composition scheme In the current registration system, there is a standard practice of multiple business verticals and establishments with multiple registrations – which allowed the possibility of the composition scheme being availed for selected businesses. But under GST, registration will be PAN based. Most importantly, composition scheme will be applicable for all business verticals – within state or interstate – registered with the same PAN. Thus, an SME may have different business verticals that too, spread across several states – but will not be able to select specific verticals and/or branches for composition scheme. What it also means is – A registered person with a single PAN of operations in multiple states, has to either opt for “Composition scheme” for all businesses across the country, or opt for regular dealership. No tax collection, no ITC A composite dealer does not have to collect tax on his outwards supplies of good or services. But, most importantly, the composite tax payer is not eligible to claim input tax credit on all his inward supply of goods and / or services – even if he makes a taxable purchase from a regular taxable dealer. As a result, the taxable amount gets added to the cost of the composite dealer, ultimately increasing the cost for his customers. This is bound to take a toll on his competitiveness, in comparison to regular dealers. More depth in compliance In the current composition scheme, a composite dealer has to declare only the aggregate turnover of sales; he is not required to declare invoice wise details. In GST however, the composite tax payer will need to file GST returns with the invoice wise details of inward supplies (which is auto-populated based on Form GSTR-1 filed by his supplier) along with the aggregate turnover of outward supplies. Thus, this will require an SME under composition scheme to maintain his accounting and transaction records properly. Conclusion On the face of it, it may not be a good idea for an SME to opt for composition, even though it means increased compliance, because it could translate to greater business benefits in the long run. However, if an SME is purely into B2C business, the composition rate is low and the net margins are higher, composition may turn out to be a viable option.

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Composition Scheme-Impact on SMEs (GST)

Composition Scheme – Impact on SMEs The heart of the Indian economy is its small and medium business segment. As on today we have about 50 million SMEs in India – contributing almost 37% of the industrial output and 46% of India’s total export. With a stable growth rate of over 10%, SME India employs a staggering 120 million people and has emerged as the leading employment-generating sector, over the years. It goes without saying, that when the nation is on the verge of a massive taxation regime change in the form of GST – its impact on the life of SMEs is super critical for the nation as a whole. At the 16th GST Council meeting on the 11th of June, 2017 – the turnover limit for composition scheme was recommended to be increased from the current INR 50 lakhs to INR 75 lakhs. In light of this recent development, let’s revisit the impact the composition provision will have on the many SMEs – both those who have been under composition in the current regime and will continue to remain so under GST; and especially those, who were looking to getting registered, but now suddenly have an option to take the composition scheme – thanks to the increase of INR 25 lakhs in the limit. Pros Increased threshold limit In the current regime, the exit threshold for composition scheme across most states is INR 50 lakhs. Under GST, this limit, although initially kept at INR 50 lakhs has now been increased to INR 75 lakhs (except for Special Category States – Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and the 7 NE states – for whom the limit stays at INR 50 lakhs until next discussion). It is obvious, that this will make more number of SMEs eligible to take the benefit of the composition scheme. More good news might await SMEs, since the limit could be increased to a maximum of INR 1 crore, on the recommendations of the GST Council. Lower rate of tax Compared to dealers, who are liable to register, a composite dealer will enjoy the main benefit of paying a comparatively lower rate of tax. The rate of tax has been fixed at – 2% for a manufacturer, 1% for a trader and 5% for small restaurants – engaged in supplies of food and drinks for human consumption. Lesser compliance activity Compared to registered dealers, a composite dealer will be spared the brunt of 3 monthly returns – rather he will be required to file 1 quarterly return, every 3 months and 1 annual return. This will surely save a lot of time for a composite dealer, allowing him to focus on core business activities which are crucial to keep him afloat in the market. Cons Restrictions on nature of goods & services A composite dealer cannot be engaged in the manufacture of certain notified goods, which would be specified by the Government and the GST Council. While we await more clarity on the same, the restriction in terms of services is pretty clear – a composite tax payer cannot be engaged in any service other than the supply of food and drinks for human consumption – in other words, a small restaurant is the maximum, a composition dealer can think of setting up. Also, a composite tax payer cannot supply goods outside the ambit of GST. Restrictions on mode of trade A composite dealer, as per the GST law, cannot engage in trade on e-commerce platforms and also, cannot engage in interstate outward supplies of goods or services. In other words, SMEs who would want to transcend their horizons by going the online way and would want to serve customers in other states, will not have the option to enjoy the composition scheme, irrespective of turnover. No ‘selective’ composition scheme In the current registration system, there is a standard practice of multiple business verticals and establishments with multiple registrations – which allowed the possibility of the composition scheme being availed for selected businesses. But under GST, registration will be PAN based. Most importantly, composition scheme will be applicable for all business verticals – within state or interstate – registered with the same PAN. Thus, an SME may have different business verticals that too, spread across several states – but will not be able to select specific verticals and/or branches for composition scheme. What it also means is – A registered person with a single PAN of operations in multiple states, has to either opt for “Composition scheme” for all businesses across the country, or opt for regular dealership. No tax collection, no ITC A composite dealer does not have to collect tax on his outwards supplies of good or services. But, most importantly, the composite tax payer is not eligible to claim input tax credit on all his inward supply of goods and / or services – even if he makes a taxable purchase from a regular taxable dealer. As a result, the taxable amount gets added to the cost of the composite dealer, ultimately increasing the cost for his customers. This is bound to take a toll on his competitiveness, in comparison to regular dealers. More depth in compliance In the current composition scheme, a composite dealer has to declare only the aggregate turnover of sales; he is not required to declare invoice wise details. In GST however, the composite tax payer will need to file GST returns with the invoice wise details of inward supplies (which is auto-populated based on Form GSTR-1 filed by his supplier) along with the aggregate turnover of outward supplies. Thus, this will require an SME under composition scheme to maintain his accounting and transaction records properly. Conclusion On the face of it, it may not be a good idea for an SME to opt for composition, even though it means increased compliance, because it could translate to greater business benefits in the long run. However, if an SME is purely into B2C business, the composition rate is low and the net margins are higher, composition may turn out to be a viable option.

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Important key points-GST

For stock brokers GST – Important Key Point GST Rate – 18% w.e.f. 1st July 2017 Category of GST: • SGST (State/Intra-State GST) • CGST (Central GST) • IGST (Inter-State/Other State GST) Some Key Points for identifying the Category of GST: • Location of Service Provider - Registered Office Address of broker – i.e. Maharashtra. • Place of Service Utilized - Address of Clients (i.e. Correspondence / UCC Address of Clients) Client Location & GST Applicability: • If Client having address of Maharashtra then 18% GST to be paid as 9% SGST + 9% CGST. • If Client having address of Outside Maharashtra then 18% GST to be paid as 18% IGST. • If NRI Client having address outside India then 18% GST will be paid as 18% IGST. Branch Offices: • Sub Broker / Authorised person office will not be treated as branch office of broker. • Broker having Branch Offices outside Maharashtra has to obtain separate GSTN registration of that States. Contract Notes to Client: • Contract Note should contain GSTN Registration Number of Broker from where the service has been provided. • If Client of Maharashtra traded from HO / Maharashtra Office than Contract Note will printed with Maharashtra GSTN. • If Client of Rajkot Branch traded from Rajkot Branch Office than Contract Note will printed with Gujarat GSTN. Sub-Brokerage / Commission: • All Sub Broker / Authorised Person / Remisier are liable to register under GST as per their registered address. • After Registration with GST, Sub Broker / Authorised Person / Remisier should inform the registration details to the broker along with confirmation received from Government Department • All Sub Broker / Authorised Person / Remisier are required to raise/send the Invoice to broker for Sub Brokerage amount plus GST amount @ 18%. • Sub Brokerage / Commission cheque will be issued “ONLY” to the GST Registered Sub Broker / Authorised Person / Remisier w.e.f. 1st July 2017. • The GST Amount collected from Broker by the Sub Broker / Authorised Person / Remisier has to be paid to the Government within stipulated time and GST Return for the same has to be filed. • Broker will claim Input Credit for the GST paid on Sub-brokerage / Commission to the Sub Broker / Authorised Person / Remisier. Set off of Input Credit of GST: • SGST will be set off against only SGST • CGST will be set off against first CGST and then SGST. • IGST will be set off against first IGST then CGST and then SGST.

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GST Invoice format

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GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST)

#Brief #Information It replaces 1. VAT (State as well as Central) 2. Excise Duty 3. Octroi / Entry Tax / LBT However, following taxes will continue 1. Customs Duty 2. Professional Tax 3. Stamp Duty 4. Motor Vehicle Tax 5. Electricity Duty 6. VAT on Petroleum Products GST Council is the apex body created by Parliament for governance of this Act. It includes Finance Secretaries of Central as well as various State Governments GST Rates - 5%, 12%, 18% & 28% GST Exempt goods / services - 0% Old VAT / Excise TIN will go and new PAN based Registration Number for GST is essential. Structure of this number is as under: 27AAAAA0000Azzi Out of which first two digits are state code (in which Registration is taken) - '27' is for Maharashtra Next 10 digits (AAAAA0000A) are PAN number of the assessee and last 3 digits are serial number Incidence of GST is on following : 1. Supply of Goods / Services 2. Agreed to Supply Goods / Services for Consideration (either in cash or kind) 3. 'Destination based' Tax is charged (If source & destination are in same state, it is Transaction within state, if Source & Destination are in different states, then it is Interstate Transaction) 4. Branch Transfer / Stock Transfer will attract GST GST Registration is MANDATORY if Annual Turnover is Rs.20 Lacs or above. Three types of GST are there : 1. Central Goods & Service Tax (CGST) 2. State Goods & Service Tax (SGST) 3. Integrated Goods & Service Tax (IGST) Rates under GST 1.Rates of CGST & SGST shall be equal and will be 50% of the rates stipulated for thos specific Goods or specific Services. e.g. if the goods under transaction attract 18%, then CGST for them is 9% and SGST for them is 9%. 2.In case of Local Invoice or Within State Invoice, CGST and SGST both need to be charged SEPARATELY and to be mentioned in the Return accordingly. 3.Rates of IGST are equal to sum of rate under CGST and rate under SGST. Thus in above example, rate under IGST is 18% (9 + 9). 4.Tax Credit (or set-off, as was said in earlier days), shall be available for all these three taxes viz. CGST, SGST & IGST. 5.Earlier, in spite of 'C' or 'H' or 'F' forms, 2% Tax was a cost to the assessee. now since these forms are done away with, this 2% cost is avoided, since full set-off or ITC of all Interstate Transactions is allowed now. 6.There will be GST chargeable on FREE Items such as Medical Samples, Buy 1 get 1 Free etc. Valuation of such Free Items will have to be made, at par with sale of these items. Thus if your are giving 1 free for purchase of 10, You will have to Invoice for 11, levy GST and then you may give credit for the basic value of 1 being Free Item. Thus GST needs to be paid on all items, being delivered to the customer. 7.Invoice is allowed to be cancelled ONLY by way of issuing Credit Note and that too within a period of 6 months from the date of such invoice. Composite Scheme 1.It is available for all assessees having Turnover

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GST Calender!!

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All you need to know about Registration u/s 80(G). Both applications u/s 80G and u/s 12A can be applied together or it can also be applied separately also. If some organization is willing to apply both applications separately, then application for registration u/s 12A will be applied first. Getting 12A registration is must for applying application for registration u/s 80G of Income Tax Act, 1961. PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION:- Step-1: Dully filled-in application will be submitted to the exemption section of the Income Tax Department. Step-2: NGO will receive notice for clarifications from Income Tax Department in 2-3 months after applying. Step-3: Reply of notice will be submitted by the consultant along with all relevant desired documents to the Income Tax Departments. Step-4: Consultant will personally visit the Income Tax Departments to follow-up the case on behalf of the applicant organization. Step-5: Exemption Certificate will be issued. Documents required for registration u/s 12A AND 80G: 1. Dully filled in Form – 10A for registration u/s 12A registration; 2. Dully filled in Form – 10G for registration u/s 80G registration; 3. Registration Certificate and MOA /Trust Deed (two copies – self attested by NGO head); 4. NOC from Landlord (where registered office is situated); u Income TaxBudgetS.TaxCompany LawExciseCustomsGSTCA CS CMADGFTRBISEBIFinanceCorp.Law User Menu Income TaxArticles Check List for Registration U/s. 12A & 80G of Income Tax Act,1961  admin| Income Tax 18 Aug 2015 231,323 Views 35 comments Join GST Online Certification Course by GST Professionals & TaxGuru.in – Batch II Komal Tyagi Name of the applicant: – M/s —————- Both applications can be applied together or it can also be applied separately also. If some organization is willing to apply both applications separately, then application for registration u/s 12A will be applied first. Getting 12A registration is must for applying application for registration u/s 80G of Income Tax Act, 1961. PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION:- Step-1: Dully filled-in application will be submitted to the exemption section of the Income Tax Department. Step-2: NGO will receive notice for clarifications from Income Tax Department in 2-3 months after applying. Step-3: Reply of notice will be submitted by the consultant along with all relevant desired documents to the Income Tax Departments. Step-4: Consultant will personally visit the Income Tax Departments to follow-up the case on behalf of the applicant organization. Step-5: Exemption Certificate will be issued. Documents required for registration u/s 12A AND 80G: 1. Dully filled in Form – 10A for registration u/s 12A registration; 2. Dully filled in Form – 10G for registration u/s 80G registration; 3. Registration Certificate and MOA /Trust Deed (two copies – self attested by NGO head); 4. NOC from Landlord (where registered office is situated); 5. Copy of PAN card of NGO; 6. Electricity Bill / House tax Receipt /Water Bill (photocopy); 7. Evidence of welfare activities carried out & Progress Report since inception or last 3 years; 8. Books of Accounts, Balance Sheet & ITR (if any), since inception or last 3years; 9. List of donors along with their address and PAN; 10. List of governing body board of trustees members with their contact details; 11. Deed for verification Original RC and MOA /Trust; 12. Authority letter in favor of NGO Factory; 13. Any other document/ affidavit / undertaking information asked by the Income Tax department. Questions: 1)What is Section 12-A of Income Tax Act? Income of an organization is exempted if NGO has 12-A registration. This is one time registration.What is section 80-G of Income Tax Act?If an organization has obtained certification under section 80-G of Income Tax Act then donors of that NGO can claim exemption from Income Tax. Earlier it was not  not one time registration and trust were required to get 80G Certificate renewed after validity period. But As per Circular 7/2010 dated 27.10.2010  issued by the CBDT, all Trusts enjoying exemption u/s 80G as on 1.10.2009 and other Trusts obtaining 80G certificate after 1.10.2009 shall continue to hold and enjoy the same for perpetuity unless revoked by the Income Tax Authorities. 2)When an organization can apply for registration under section 12A and 80G of Income Tax Act? Application for registration under section 12A and 80G can be applied just after registration of the NGO.Where to apply for registration under section 12A and 80G of Income Tax Act?Application for registration under section 12A and 80G can be applied to the Commissioner of Income Tax (Exemption) having jurisdiction over the institution.Can both the application under section 12A and 80G of Income Tax Act be applied together?Yes, Both applications can be applied together or it can be also applied separately. If some organization is willing to apply both applications separately, then application for registration u/s 12A will be applied first. Getting 12A registration must for applying application for registration u/s 80G of Income Tax Act. 3)What is the timeline for getting registration under section 12A and 80G of Income Tax Act? If application for registration under section 12A and 80G will be applied through NGO factory, it should take 3-4 months. 4)What applications Form are being used for applying for registration under section 12A and 80G of Income Tax Act? For 12A registration : Form 10A For 80G registration : Form 10G ( For New Application and renewal both) 5)What is the validity period of the registration under section 12A and 80G of Income Tax Act?12A registration: Lifetime validity 80G registration: 1to 3 years validity What are the conditions on section 80G? There are few conditions on section 80G:·         The NGO should not have any Income which is not exempted, such as business income. If the NGO has business income then it should maintain separate books of account and should not divert donations received for the purpose of such business.·         The bylaws or objectives of the NGOs should not contain any provision for spending the income or assets of NGO for the purpose other than charitable. ·         The NGO should not work for the benefit of particular religious community or caste. ·         The NGO should maintain regular accounts of receipt & expenditure. ·         The NGO should properly register under the societies Regulation Act 1860 or under any law corresponding to that Act or should register under section 25 of the Companies Act 1956. 6)What is the Tax Exemption Limit on donation? There is a limit on how much money can be exempted from the Income Tax:·         If the amount of deduction to a charitable organization or trust is more than 10% of the gross total Income computed under the Act (as reduced by income on which income tax is not payable under any provision of this Act and by any amount in respect of which the assessee is entitled to a deduction under any other provision of this Chapter), then the amount in excess of 10% of Gross Total Income shall not qualify for deduction under section 80G.·         The persons or organizations who donate under section 80G gets a deduction of 50% from their taxable Income. More Under Income Tax 100% Deduction in Respect of Profits from Housing Projects Tax Provisions for Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) Extension of ad-hoc appointments in the grade of JCIT AO has no power to review entire assessment order on debatable issues and to make additions in order U/s.154 CBDT revises format of Form No. 3CED- Application for Advance Pricing Agreement registered u/s 12 AA and 80 g of Income tax Act.

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Implementation of Solar Power Plant-Tax Savings

For the companies having huge Tax Liabilities, Implementation of Solar Power Plant can benefit the organisation and also bring reduction in Taxation Liabilities. Accelerated Depreciation up to 80 % in the first year subsequently 20% in the second year. But remember Depreciation is 20 % on plant and machinery for any business. In the case of solar power generation, in order to incentivize the entrepreneurs to enter into the solar power generation market, the Government of India has allowed claiming 80% depreciation in year one of the commissioning of the solar power generation plant. Example: Let us assume that the total project cost is Rs7crores. If a solar power generation plant costs Rs7crores, the company setting up that plant can claim 80 % depreciation in the first year itself. Depreciation of 80 % is allowed on plant and machinery of the solar power plant. Deducting Rs20 lakhs (approximately) from the project cost for land costs, which are eligible for only 10 % depreciation, we get Rs6.80crores. 80 % of this is Rs5.44crores. This can be depreciated in a new solar power generating plant in year one itself. This is why they call it Accelerated Depreciation (depreciating 80% in one year instead of 20%). 33.99% of Rs5.44cr is about Rs1.85 cr. So, in a solar power generation plant of Rs7crores, Rs1.85cr is the tax saving that the company gets using Accelerated Depreciation. AD benefit in year one is Rs1.85 cr. So, the actual project cost of solar power plant for an AD client is Rs5.15cr In fact the Accelerated Depreciation or AD client will be able to depreciate 80% of the written down value of the project, next year. Thus the saving in taxes will be nearly Rs2.1crores. What solar energy devices, equipment and processes those are eligible for 80 % accelerated depreciation ? 1. Flat plate collectors 2. Concentrating and pipe type solar collectors 3. Solar cookers 4. Solar water heaters and systems 5. Solar crop driers and systems 6. Solar refrigeration 7. Solar cold storages 8. Solar air-conditioning systems 9. Solar desalination systems and solar steels 10. Solar power generating systems 11. Solar pumps based on solar thermal 12. Solar pumps based on solar PV 13. Solar PV modules and panels for water pumping Various incentive schemes have been provided by both Central and State Governments keeping in mind the benefits of solar energy, wind energy and other sustainable energy projects. In the Solar energy sector, incentives includes 10-year tax holiday for photovoltaic (PV) and thermal solar plants that are set up by 2020. It also includes reduced customs duty and zero excise duty on specific capital equipment, critical materials and also project imports, besides loans at extremely low interest rates. Also, Before going for installation of a solar power plant you can get a pre-feasibility analysis report which gives you the cost and benefit of going solar by providing Solar energy assessment of your site. This will help you understand whether or not you should go ahead with installing the panels and also helps you calculate the ROI on the plant. Cheers! Solar Energy and its Application in Everyday Life The sun has always been in the sky. But have we ever tried to minimize the coal consumption worldwide? 40% of the electricity is still generated by the coal. Result? Air, water and soil pollution! But Germany is focusing on solar energy resources and other renewable resources. Why? Let us see what made countries like Germany, China and India to think about solar energy resources. Every day millions of workers indulge in the practice of digging out the soil to take the coal out of the Earth. This is necessary but not when the welfare of nature is being compromised. Digging out coal causes soil pollution and deforestation. The suspended coal particles might cause lung diseases. When these suspended particles in the air get mixed with the downpour, the portable water becomes unfit for drinking. We cannot stop producing electricity: it has become one of the basic amenities for human advancement. What can we do? We can gradually shift our energy from producing electricity from coal to producing electricity through solar energy. Is Solar Energy a solution? Science has been developed to such extent that we can cease the compromises made with the welfare of nature. Installing small solar modules on each street light will not only make each street light self sufficient to glow but it will save the cost of electricity transmission through wires. Similarly, replacing conventional lanterns with solar based CFL lanterns can save you from spending money on Lithium cells. You just have to place solar based CFL lanterns under the sun to enjoy the bright light in the night. Since the advancement of technology, solar based LED lanterns are becoming more efficient than the former. Switching to solar energy even in our homes will bring us far away from being dependent on non-renewable resources. Solar home lightening system can be used at home to reduce our dependence on electricity generated from coal and other non-renewable resources. Is Solar Energy a reliable source? This is not a reliable source, of course. When we will switch our dependence on the non-renewable source, we would be relying on the Sun. Everything cannot be replaced by Solar as if it happens, there would be no electricity on a cloudy day. But since scientists and engineers are working towards the advancement in technology, the solar energy can even be stored nowadays. Solar energy can be stored in rechargeable batteries and due to further constant improvements in storing it, solar energy is rapidly heading towards being a reliable source of energy as well. Solar energy is indeed energy of future: it is free and is present in ample amount. If the cost of manufacturing solar products is cut down and it is made a reliable source of energy as well, those days are not far when we would see thermal plants being shut down before our own eyes. Imagine the world to be greener and cleaner without smoke being gushed into the atmosphere like a poison. Imagine the fresh breath we would take every morning and every night. Indeed, electricity from solar energy can be a technology that we can gift to our next generations to come.