#yeondeunghoe

[slotumn]

Today's 3H world thoughts and headcanons:

Is Almyra actually less religious than Fódlan?

There are various lines in the game that seem to imply that Fódlan is especially religious compared to other lands, from characters who are both from Fódlan and outside of it. One example is Edelgard after the CF Fódlan's Throat paralogue, another is Claude talking about his attitude towards gods/religions and including that as a part of why he's "an outsider" (to Fódlan and its dominant religion).

Thing is, as far as cultural motifs go: Almyra appears to be based off the Persian Empire (Achaemenid ~ maybe Sassanid?), or West~Central Asia generally. Among them, Zoroastrianism was pretty damn important to Persian Empire, politically and culturally, and there's even in-universe tidbits that point towards Zoroastrianism (or something similar) existing in Almyra.

And even if it's not as intense or literal as in Fódlan, where the supposed "ruling legitimacy" provided by the goddess is engrained in your blood, religion is still a very useful tool for rulers. No way kings in other lands didn't use "I can rule because a divine entity chose me" for advertisement.

So, my personal theory regarding whether Almyra is actually less religious than Fódlan is: yes and no/kind of.

I think Almyra is probably a lot more diverse in religion than Fódlan is, considering, again, the cultural/geographic motif mentioned above. West and Central Asia was/is a crossroad to all kinds of faiths, from Zoroastrianism to Abrahamic religions to Buddhism, Tengrism, so on. Following that, even if there is a specific religion that the king/ruling class uses for their legitimacy, they probably (by necessity) tolerate other religions more than Fódlan does, so to outsiders it would probably give the impression that they're not as dedicated to one specific religion overall, hence what Edelgard thinks.

At the same time, for Claude in specific, it's quite possible that it's actually the fact he grew up in Almyra that makes him underestimate how religious it is, because a lot of things that originate from/relate to religion is also just a part of the majority/mainstream culture. Like Christianity for many parts of Europe ~ Americas, or Buddhism for East Asia. And in return, while Fódlan is definitely pretty religious, the fact he's not familiar with the Church of Seiros probably makes the religious aspects stand out more to him compared to those who grew up there.

(Case in point: I'm Korean, not religious and wasn't raised religious, but stuff like Yeondeunghoe never registered to me as being overwhelmingly religious just because it's also considered a general part of Korean traditions. But when I think about it it's like... oh yeah that's actually a Buddhist thing right.)

In conclusion, if stuff about Church of Seiros got to Almyra at any point, then Seiros is probably included in the scripture of 3H world's Manichaenism alongside Zoroaster, Jesus, and Buddha.

[bvbwolfsburg]

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la cultura de Corea y Japón?

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¿Cuál es la diferencia entre la cultura de Corea y Japón?

Vestimenta tradicional en Corea

La vestimenta tradicional en Corea, conocida como hanbok, es un símbolo de la rica historia y cultura del país. El hanbok es una elegante y colorida vestimenta compuesta por una chaqueta corta llamada jeogori y una falda larga llamada chima para las mujeres, y por un jeogori y unos pantalones llamados baji para los hombres.

Los colores y diseños del hanbok varían dependiendo de la ocasión y del estatus social de quien lo lleve. Los colores vibrantes como el rojo, el azul y el amarillo son comunes en las vestimentas usadas para celebraciones y eventos especiales, mientras que los colores más suaves como el rosa y el celeste suelen utilizarse en la vida cotidiana.

El hanbok también se complementa con accesorios como norigae (adornos colgantes) y coronas de flores para las mujeres, y con gorros tradicionales para los hombres. Estos accesorios añaden un toque de elegancia y sofisticación al atuendo.

A pesar de la modernización y la occidentalización de la vestimenta en Corea, el hanbok continúa siendo utilizado en ceremonias tradicionales como bodas y festivales culturales para preservar y honrar la herencia cultural del país. Es una muestra de la belleza atemporal y la gracia de la vestimenta tradicional coreana, que sigue cautivando a personas de todo el mundo.

Costumbres alimentarias japonesas

Las costumbres alimentarias de Japón son únicas y fascinantes, llenas de historia y tradición. La comida japonesa se caracteriza por su frescura, variedad de sabores y presentación artística. Uno de los aspectos más importantes de la cultura alimentaria japonesa es el concepto de la estacionalidad, donde los ingredientes frescos se utilizan de acuerdo a la época del año.

Uno de los platos más emblemáticos de Japón es el sushi, que consiste en arroz sazonado con vinagre de arroz y acompañado de pescado fresco. Otra delicia japonesa es el ramen, un caldo caliente con fideos y diferentes toppings como cerdo, huevo y cebolla verde. Además, el tempura es otra especialidad culinaria japonesa que consiste en freír vegetales y mariscos en una masa ligera y crujiente.

En Japón, la comida se sirve de manera compartida en la mesa, fomentando la interacción social y la conexión entre las personas. Además, es común que los japoneses expresen su gratitud antes de comenzar a comer diciendo "itadakimasu" y al terminar diciendo "gochisousama" como muestra de aprecio por la comida y quienes la prepararon.

En resumen, las costumbres alimentarias japonesas son una mezcla de historia, cuidado por los ingredientes y respeto por la comida y quienes la preparan. Es un viaje sensorial a través de sabores únicos y una experiencia cultural que vale la pena explorar. ¡Itadakimasu!

Festivales populares en Corea del Sur

Los festivales populares en Corea del Sur son una ventana a la rica cultura y tradiciones del país. Con una historia que se remonta a siglos atrás, estos eventos son celebraciones vibrantes que atraen a personas de todo el mundo.

Uno de los festivales más destacados es el Festival de las linternas de Buda, conocido localmente como "Yeondeunghoe". Este festival se celebra para conmemorar el nacimiento de Buda y se caracteriza por la impresionante exhibición de miles de linternas de papel iluminadas que adornan los templos y las calles de todo el país. Los desfiles, las ceremonias y las actividades culturales son parte integral de esta festividad, que atrae a personas de todas las edades.

Otro evento imperdible es el Festival de las Flores de Cerezo, que tiene lugar durante la temporada de floración de los cerezos en primavera. Los parques y jardines se llenan de un mar de hermosas flores rosadas, creando un escenario espectacular para eventos como conciertos al aire libre, mercados de comida callejera y exhibiciones culturales.

Los amantes de la música no pueden perderse el Festival de Música de Chuncheon, donde artistas locales e internacionales se reúnen para ofrecer actuaciones memorables en diversos géneros musicales, desde el pop hasta el folk y el rock.

Además, el Festival de las Máscaras Hahoe ofrece una mirada fascinante a las tradiciones folclóricas coreanas, con representaciones de danzas tradicionales y actuaciones enmascaradas que han sido transmitidas de generación en generación.

En resumen, los festivales populares en Corea del Sur son una oportunidad única para sumergirse en la rica herencia cultural del país y experimentar la hospitalidad y la calidez de su gente.

Protocolo de etiqueta en Japón

En Japón, el protocolo de etiqueta juega un papel fundamental en la vida diaria de las personas. El respeto, la cortesía y la consideración son valores esenciales en la cultura japonesa, y se reflejan en las normas de comportamiento y protocolo social que rigen en el país.

Una de las normas más importantes en Japón es el saludo. Se suele hacer una reverencia, conocida como "ojigi", inclinando ligeramente la cabeza como muestra de respeto. Además, es común intercambiar tarjetas de visita, o "meishi", al encontrarse por primera vez, lo que se considera una muestra de cortesía y profesionalismo.

Otro aspecto crucial del protocolo de etiqueta en Japón es el concepto de "honne" y "tatemae", que se refiere a la diferencia entre lo que uno piensa realmente (honne) y lo que se expresa públicamente (tatemae). Es importante mantener una apariencia de armonía y evitar confrontaciones directas en la comunicación.

Además, en Japón es fundamental respetar el espacio personal de los demás y seguir ciertas reglas de comportamiento en la mesa, como no hablar con la boca llena y no apoyar los palillos en posición vertical en el plato, ya que esto se considera de mala educación.

En resumen, el protocolo de etiqueta en Japón es una parte esencial de la vida cotidiana y refleja los valores de respeto, cortesía y consideración que caracterizan a la cultura japonesa. Seguir estas normas no solo muestra buenos modales, sino que también contribuye a una convivencia armoniosa y respetuosa en la sociedad japonesa.

Arquitectura tradicional en Corea y Japón

La arquitectura tradicional en Corea y Japón refleja siglos de historia y cultura únicas en cada país. Ambas naciones han desarrollado estilos arquitectónicos distintivos que se han conservado a lo largo del tiempo y continúan siendo una parte integral de su patrimonio cultural.

En Corea, la arquitectura tradicional se caracteriza por su elegancia y simplicidad. Los edificios tradicionales coreanos, como hanok, están construidos con madera y piedra, con techos curvos que se elevan hacia arriba. Estas estructuras están diseñadas para integrarse armoniosamente con la naturaleza que las rodea, siguiendo principios feng shui y respetando la topografía del terreno.

Por otro lado, en Japón, la arquitectura tradicional se destaca por su meticulosa artesanía y su profundo respeto por la naturaleza. Los templos y santuarios japoneses, como los famosos templos de Kioto, son ejemplos impresionantes de la arquitectura tradicional japonesa. Estas estructuras están construidas con madera, papel y tejidos tradicionales, y se caracterizan por sus techos de paja y sus puertas correderas de papel shoji.

Tanto en Corea como en Japón, la arquitectura tradicional sigue siendo apreciada y preservada en la actualidad. Muchos edificios históricos han sido designados como Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, lo que refleja la importancia cultural y artística de estos monumentos arquitectónicos. Visitar estos lugares es sumergirse en la rica historia y tradiciones de Corea y Japón, y apreciar la belleza atemporal de su arquitectura tradicional.

[becaperez]

Yeondeunghoe 2022

[giny-us]

This year I had this amazing opportunity to be part of the Lotus Lantern festival supporters and I need to thank them for accepting me. I had so much fun and I was so happy to be able to share all of this with you! So for my last post I went and visited the street exhibition. Both the temple and the plaza were amazing! I could take so many great pictures to share with you! I hope everyone around the world had the same great experience like me, through my pictures and posts. Thanks for being here for me and with me! _____________________ Anul acesta am avut această ocazie uimitoare de a face parte din susținătorii festivalului Lotus Lantern și trebuie să le mulțumesc că m-au acceptat. M-am distrat atât de mult și am fost atât de fericită că am putut să vă împărtășesc toate acestea! Așa că pentru ultima mea postare am fost și am vizitat expoziția de pe stradă. Atât templul, cât și piața au fost uimitoare! Am putut face atât de multe fotografii grozave pe care să le împărtășesc! Sper că toată lumea din întreaga lume a avut aceeași experiență grozavă ca și mine, prin fotografiile și postările mele. Mulțumesc că ai fost aici pentru mine și alături mine! #LLF #lotuslanternfestival #lotuslanternfestivalkorea #buddhasbirthday #koreafestival #yeondeunghoe #koreantraditionalevents #alanternofhope #lanternlighting #lightingceremony #석가탄신일 #부처님오신날 #lotuslanternfestivalseoul #lanternfestival #buddhaday #lotusbirth #lotus #koreanfestival #연등회 #유네스코 #유네스코인류무형문화유산 #유네스코인류무형문화유산연등회 #한국축제 #전통등 #lanternparade #lanternfestival #Koreanculture #buddhism #Peace #축제추천 #건강조심하 (at 조계사 (ID: 01-202)) https://www.instagram.com/p/CPMZ72Yhl02/?utm_medium=tumblr

[hlou14]

At the start of May every year, the centre of Seoul lights up with beautiful paper lanterns. Yeondeunghoe 연등회, the Lotus Lantern Festival, showcases a huge range of traditional Korean paper lotus lanterns though a variety of events spread out across several days. Happily, I managed to catch a couple of them this past weekend!

Yeondeunghoe is actually part of the celebrations for Buddha’s birthday, which is officially the 3rd of May here in Korea. It originated over 1200 years ago during the Silla period and is a tradition that has been upheld until today. The official tourism website for Korea says that by lighting lanterns at the festival “people can brighten their hearts and the world.”

The events on offer include a Buddhist cheer rally, cultural performances and traditional activities. Sadly, (down to poor planning on my part) I didn’t get to experience everything, but I did catch the famous lantern parade and the exhibition on the Cheonggyecheon!

Yeondeunghoe’s famous Lotus Lantern Parade

I actually just happened across the lantern parade by chance. Some friends and I were walking down from Anguk station to the Cheonggyecheon when we had to cross Jong-ro, coincidentally where the parade was passing. We could see it down the road but it was still a little while away, so we went to get some food and then returned when it was in full swing.

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Luckily, we saw the part of the parade comprising the Jogyesa temple community. The Jogyesa temple is the headquarters of the Jogye division of Buddhism in Korea, and where all the main celebrations for Buddha’s birthday are taking place. It was a sight to behold! Hundreds and hundreds of handmade lanterns in all shapes and colours were carried by people young and old, and huge lanterns in the shapes of Buddha, animals, the sun and more were pushed along by volunteers.

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Some of my favourite lanterns included these hangeul 한글 (the Korean alphabet) lanterns, which came in a wave of colours – first yellow, then to orange, red, pink, and all the way through the rainbow to green.

Laterns on the Cheonggyecheon

We didn’t stay until the end of the parade, only waited until the Jogyesa section had finished and headed over to the Cheonggyecheon stream 청계천 to see the exhibiton of the lanterns on the water. Being a Saturday night and the main day of the festival, it was of course very busy, however this didn’t detract from the experience!

The atmosphere of the place was great. Families, couples and groups of friends were all out together to see the lanterns. Many walked the banks of the stream to take everything in. Others preferred to sit on the steps down to the water and share food or drinks. There were strings of lanterns overhead, and when you reach a certain part you could see the large lanterns displayed on platforms above the water.

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My favourites here were the fish, and the birds under the wave (at least I think that’s what it was?). I also liked the woman, who I’m sure has a deeper meaning but there were no plaques to explain the pieces so I can’t be certain.

The festival runs every April/May, and there is a lot to do! The celebrations end on Buddha’s birthday, and are fun for everyone to enjoy. You can read more about the festival and the events on offer on the official Korea tourism website.

Last weekend, Seoul hosted its annual Lotus Lantern Festival as part of Buddha's birthday celebrations! See the activities I caught as part of Yeondeunghoe 2017. At the start of May every year, the centre of Seoul lights up with beautiful paper lanterns.

[transboy-taetae]

Korean Y/N & S/O

Y/N- Hey S/O, do you wanna visit the Jogyesa Buddhist Temple to pay our regards to Buddha’s Birthday.

S/O- Sure, we can decorate Lotus lanterns and hang them in the temple. Afterwards we can attend the Yeondeunghoe.

Y/N- Perfect 살랑해

S/O- 나도 사랑 해요

[rahulprabhakar]

Yeon Deung Hoe (Lotus Lantern Festival) is an annual event that colors South Korea with bright lanterns in celebration of the birth of Buddha. Started as a religious festival during the Silla Dynasty (57 BC – AD 935), this traditional festival has come to be enjoyed by thousands of people every year, regardless of background, nationality, or religion.  The slogan for this year's festival was “We Can Make a World without Discrimination,” created with the aim of promoting respect and kindness by inviting citizens to come together. For more updates, keep following @rahulprabhakar on Instagram 👈 #lotuslanternfestival #korea #southkorea #buddha #religious #festival #yeondeunghoe #respect #kindness (at South Korea)

[laruedubac]

Yeondeunghoe éclairer l’intérieur de notre âme. Tous les etres sont Connectés même s’ils sont différents #expositionparis #festivalbouddhiste #fetedeslanternes https://www.instagram.com/p/CfZXamdLz7W/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[lookatkorea]

Lotus lantern festival 2022 will be held on April 29

Lotus lantern festival 2022 will be held on April 29

Lotus lantern festival 2022 will be held form 29 Apr to 1 May.Lotus lantern festival(YeonDeungHoe) which is held on Buddha’s birthday, has not been held for two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Lotus lantern festival 2022 will be held normally this year. The lighting ceremony has already been held on April 5. Schedule of Lotus lantern festival 2022 Exhibition of Traditional Lanterns Date :…

[the-best-gown]

그때, 그 사람

Inspired by ‘Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose’ of John Singer Sargent’s. Challenged by seoulwritesrp. Written from Goeun’s POV.

AKU masih ingat satu hari di masa kecilku. Ketika Ibu masih ada, dan keadaan Minji belum serapuh sekarang. Malam itu perayaan kelahiran Buddha; Kediaman dalam status menerima tamu untuk bersama-sama merayakan Yeondeunghoe, festival yang identik dengan lampion berbentuk teratai.

Menepi dari keramaian, di satu titik dekat danau Kediaman, tiga sosok berkerumun.

“Goeun, lihat! Lampunya diterbangkan api!”

“Ah!” Itu aku. “Di mana sayapnya?”

Masih kuingat tawa Ibu yang menyusul setelahnya; cantik wajahnya, juga lembut tutur serta katanya menjelaskan pada kami apa yang sebenarnya terjadi dengan ‘lampu’ dan api yang 'menerbangkannya’.

“Ini namanya lampion, Goeun, Minji,” Ibu mendekat dengan lipatan kertas seukuran separuh lengan orang dewasa di tangannya, yang saat itu mengejutkanku karena setelah dibuka rupanya bentuknya mirip dengan lampu-lampu cantik yang terbang di atas sana.

“Kau nyalakan apinya..” Dengan sebuah korek, ia membakar sumbu yang terdapat di tengah lampion. Minji sontak menjauh karena takut; refleks alaminya sebagai seorang anak yang dibiasakan hidup dengan berhati-hati sejak lahir karena penyakit yang dideritanya. Sementara aku malah makin mendekat, takjub dengan betapa cantiknya lampu itu setelah api menghidupkannya.

“Dan ia akan terbang..” Perlahan ibu melepaskan lampion itu dari tangannya, “Bersama api yang menjadi sayapnya.” Dan lampion pun mulai bergerak naik.

Cahaya dari lampion terpantul di tiga pasang mata yang memperhatikannya. Satu sosok wanita yang tertua tampak tersenyum puas, sementara dua nona kecil di dekatnya nampak kagum. Bukan kesempatan yang bisa dilewati sehari-hari. Mungkin, kali pertama mereka mulai mengingat perayaan festival ini?

“Jadi, api bisa membantuku terbang, Bu?”

Duh—bodohnya aku. Inilah mengapa aku kagum pada Ibu; ia tak pernah lelah dengan pertanyaan-pertanyaan tak masuk akalku!

Ibu terkekeh pelan, “Bisa, Goeun. Tapi tidak secara langsung—kalau itu, kau bisa terbakar.”

Minji bergidik. Aku semakin tak paham.

“Lalu kalau aku ingin terbang dengan api, harus apa?”

Saat itu Ibu terdiam cukup lama untuk memutar otaknya. Aku yang tak tahu apa-apa mengira ibuku tak cukup pintar—setelah aku besar begini, baru kusadari bahwa ia sesungguhnya kelewat pintar (atau aku yang terlalu bodoh). Belum tentu aku bisa memikirkan jawaban yang sama bila ditanyai hal serupa oleh seorang bocah nakal.

“Harus makan yang banyak dan belajar yang pintar, agar bisa Ibu ajak terbang bersama api. Oke?”

Maksudnya balon udara. Aku paham sekarang walau hal itu tak pernah benar-benar terwujud.

“Tapi tidak boleh bermain dengan api—kecuali bersama Ibu,” tambah Ibu cepat.

“Oke?” Tanyanya lagi, menyadari bahwa aku dan Minji tak menjawab karena kecewa dengan jawaban yang ia berikan.

Ha.. Andai bisa aku kembali ke masa itu sebagai aku yang sekarang untuk memberitahuku bahwa aku tidak seharusnya cemberut padanya hanya karena satu jawaban yang kurang memuaskan. Demi Tuhan, Choe Goeun!

“Kalau itu?” Kini Minji yang bergantian bersuara. Minji kecil tidak seenergik diriku, namun ia pemerhati. Ia cenderung menemukan hal-hal yang tidak disadari orang lain.

“Kenapa apinya tidak mati kena air?” Tangan kanannya menunjuk pada lampion berbentuk teratai yang mengapung di permukaan danau.

“Ah—sebentar, tunggu di sini!” Ibu bergegas pergi dari tempat kami. Tak lama kemudian kembali sembari merekahkan lampion teratai mirip yang terapung di danau versi belum dihidupkan.

“Pegang, Minji-ya,” Ibu memberikannya pada Minji. Awalnya gadis itu tampak takut sebab ia tahu ia akan dekat dengan api setelah ini. Namun Ibu tersenyum tenang dan mengangguk menatapnya; cukup untuk meyakinkan Minji bahwa ia akan baik-baik saja selama Ibu berada bersamanya.

“Tidak apa-apa!!” Aku ikut menyoraki untuk menyemangati Minji. Heh—berisik.

“Apinya tidak akan menyakitimu, Minji,” jelas Ibu lembut sembari berhati-hati membakar sumbu di tengah lampion, “Asal kau berhati-hati dengannya.”

Minji awalnya sedikit bergetar, namun Ibu memegang kedua bahunya dari belakang sembari merendahkan posisi 'tuk mendekat dan ia pun berangsur tenang.

“Coba kau perhatikan di mana letak apinya,” tukas Ibu selanjutnya, melanjutkan penjelasan yang sempat tertunda soal api, air, dan lampion apung.

“Di atas!” Jawabku antusias, pula Minji mengangguk-angguk setelah memperhatikan posisi api yang rupanya cukup jauh dari dasar lampion.

“Letakkan di danau, Goeun,” pinta Ibu kemudian, memberiku yang saat itu sudah terlihat seperti anak anjing tak sabaran kesempatan, sementara Minji akhirnya bisa bernapas dengan (benar-benar) lega setelah api tak lagi berada di dekatnya.

“Hati-hati!” Ibu berseru, mungkin aku saat itu terlihat tak stabil karena tungkai dan lengan yang masih pendek. Aku berjongkok untuk menaruh perlahan lampion cantik itu di permukaan air.

“Horeee,” maka aku dan Minji pun tertawa senang melihat lampion bergerak perlahan bersama sepoi angin malam setelah Ibu melepas aba-aba.

Ah, indahnya masa lalu. Apa mesin waktu sungguh tak ada?

Kau yang cantik di atas sana; apa kau juga mengharap mesin waktu benar-benar ada?

• • •

epilogue.

“Ibu, tanganku terbakar….”

END.

“… Goeun.”

[friendship-korea-japan]

3.3.3. Decadence of Buddhism

Question 3: Foundation and fall of Goryeo › 3. Administration system of Goryeo › 3. Decadence of Buddhism

Click here for table of contents

3.3.3. Decadenceof Buddhism

  The following is a passage from Injunction 1, “Section 2. Ten injunctions of Wang Geon” in “Chapter 4. Buddhism-based administration of the Goryeo dynasty”, Confucianism of Korea.

[The important achievements of our state can be realized only with the divine protection of various Buddhas. Therefore, you should build temples of Zen and other sects, dispatch priests and make them learn the ultimate reality of the universe, so that each of them can control the karma. In the future, disloyal retainers may engage in politics, listen to the requests of priests and scramble for control of temples. Such acts should be banned.]

  As seen above, Taejo ordered in Injunction 1 that Buddhism should be practiced. Buddhism in the Goryeo era was focused on the protection of the country. Probably as a result, there is a following description on Buddhism in Goryeo in History of Korea by the Society for the Korean Historical Science.

[In Goryeo, various national Buddhist events were celebrated in a magnificent way. Temples were often built by the state as palaces of national protection, and there were numerous priests. […] Buddhism and temples in Goryeo also had important influence in the secular world. Temples, which were given large lands and many slaves by the state, accumulated their wealth through commerce, stock raising, brewery and usury. They even employed monk soldiers to protect their wealth.]

  At the same time as his enthronement, Seongjong, the sixth king of Goryeo (in office from 982 to 997) asked the officials in the capital with the rank of fifth grade or higher to send him a sealed letter (letter of opinion sealed before submission). Simuso was written by Choe Seungno, a civilian official who assumed the role of senior statesman, to respond to this request. “The 28 articles of Simuso” had a long preamble, in which the author looked back on the foundation of the state by Taejo, commented on the achievements of the succeeding kings (Hyejong, Jeongjong, Gwangjong and Gyeongjong) and showed hope that Seongjong would complete the great work to maintain and stabilize the Goryeo dynasty. The ideal image of a monarch that Choe Seungno anticipated from Seongjong was the following:

[Your Excellence (Seongjong), you are kindly requested to continue doing the good that previous kings have already done, to take care not to repeat their bad behaviors and to avoid futile efforts, so that you continue to feel peaceful and ordinary people feel happy. You should think of how to complete your reign beautifully by trying to start better, reflect on how you have spent every day, never really stop working, avoid being arrogant even after enthronement thanks to your noble origin and have rich intelligence and virtue. If you are respectful, compassionate, and always feel anxious about people, happiness will come to us and disasters will disappear spontaneously even if you do not pray. Why should we think that the holy age will continue for thousands of years and the royal reign will not last for a hundred year?]

  We believe that Choe’s expectation toward Seongjong has a valuable element for people and rulers that will be valid even today. However, the ideal that he requested for the king was betrayed by many of the subsequent kings.

  The basic goal of Simuso as seen from the remaining document was to strengthen the royal authority and to accomplish the centralization of the rule to every corner of the country. The first hurdle that hindered this goal was the temple forces, followed by the local ruling families. In this context, the focus was on criticizing the arrogant behaviors of priests and the waste of national finances through Buddhist events. Examples are described in some parts of Article 10 and Article 16 as follows.

[The minister has heard that Buddhist priests, who stay at palaces and post stations when travelling between different counties and prefectures, unreasonably accuse officials and ordinary people of not receiving and entertaining them well. While these officials and commoners doubt their status and missions, they do not dare say that, so the abuses are immense. We should now forbid priests from staying at palaces and post stations to stop such abuses [Article 10].

In the secular world, priests are building Buddhist temples as they want, under the pretext of implanting good deeds, and there are too many such temples. Moreover, as priests living in the capital and in rural areas compete to build such temples, hoping to secure private living space, they urge officials in the provinces and counties to mobilize people as labor force. Such mobilization is done more urgently than official labor service and people suffer a lot. I hope that such behaviors will be strictly forbidden […] to eliminate the hardship imposed on commoners [Article 16].]

  While the role of priests should be to preach Buddha’s teaching and to save people from hardship, they in fact brought difficulty to people’s lives. They should no longer be considered priests but criminals who pretend to be priests.

  It is believed that Buddhism was introduced to Korea when a priest named Marananta arrived from the Jin dynasty in 384. Buddhist culture prospered during the era of unified Silla. In Bulguksa, a representative temple of this period, there are such objects as the seated statue of Buddha, the statue of Goddess of Mercy with 11 faces, as well as the statue of Brahma, Sakra, Manjushri and Samantabhadra. In addition, there are a total of 147 temple ruins. Many priests headed for Tang to learn about the latest version of Buddhism, and some even learned from the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang. Moreover, Wonhyo preached salvation by prayer and promoted faith in the Pure Land.

  Nevertheless, why did Buddhism in Goryeo become corrupted as shown above? We can find the following description in the article entitled “Buddhism and other religions” in Korean History I.

[Buddhism was generously protected, considered to be the religion for the spiritual protection of the state.

The religious test was conducted as the appointment test for priests, and high priests were appointed as national priests or royal priests.

Various Buddhist events, including Yeondeunghoe (a memorial ceremony for Buddha that entails lighting a lot of lanterns during a Buddhist service) and P'algwanhoe were celebrated over the whole country.

The construction of temples was actively promoted. Many temples, including the ten major temples were built].

  Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd version has the following explanation about P’algwanhoe (hachikanhe in Japanese).

[P’algwanhoe is a national religious festival of Goryeo, Korea and is one of the two major national rites along with Yeondeunghoe. It is also called Hakkan’e in Japanese. Originally, it was a Buddhist ritual to tell the eight precepts to new Buddhists. While the term appeared already in the Silla era, its content is unknown. From the Goryeo era, the religious character faded, and turned into a festival to worship local deities including the heavenly spirit, the gods of the five mountains, the prestigious mountain, the great river and the dragon deity, and to celebrate good crops. The ritual was celebrated every year for two days around November 15. In the small ceremony on the first day, following prayers for the ancestors by the king, the prince and officials in and outside the capital offered greetings, and the participants enjoyed comical performances and a drinking party. During the great ceremony of the second day, in addition to a ritual which was almost identical to that of the small ceremony, foreign visitors, including the merchants from the Song dynasty and participants from East and West Jurchens and Tamna (Jeju Island), offered greetings and treasures.]

  While at first P’algwanhoe was an important Buddhist event, it turned into an event of comical performances and drinking, and an occasion to have foreigners, including merchants from Song, offer treasures. It seems likely that the entire society of Goryeo reduced Buddhism into a mere formality and got depraved by merely seeking pleasure. With this situation, it is no wonder that priests with marginal positions made lower-ranking officials and peasants in rural areas suffer by treating them as if they were slaves.

   In addition, such an attitude of priests might also have been affected by the exploitation of people under the slavery system that existed also in temples. The society of Goryeo did not regard slaves as humans. They were instead seen as practical tools and assets. It was likely that peasants and low-ranking officials, seen as close to slaves, were also regularly maltreated.

[mitoscrenespanol]

Historia Antigua de la Península Coreana: DÉCIMA PARTE

Primera parte

Segunda parte

Tercera parte

Cuarta parte

Quinta parte

Sexta parte

Séptima parte

Octava parte

Novena parte

DESARROLLO CULTURAL DE KORYO TEMPRANO (918/35 - XII)

Koryo temprano (hasta mediados del siglo XII) fue un periodo de esplandor y florecimiento, como resultado de las relaciones establecidas con China durante la dinastía Song. Dentro del marco del sistema tributario existente, los funcionarios del gobierno y algunos mercaderes privados exportaban diversos productos, desde los usuales como oro, plata y ginseng, hasta pinceles, abanicos y papel que eran muy apreciados por los chinos, e importaban aquellos que codiciaba la aristocracia: seda, porcelana, libros, instrumentos musicales, especias y medicinas.

La admiración por todo lo chino modeló la opulenta vida de la corte y se reflejó en sus rituales, la música y la danza, así como en la arquitectura. La capital contaba con numerosos palacios, edificios públicos, hermosos pabellones y templos budistas. La ciudad estaba rodeada por una muralla con veinticinco imponentes entradas y la surcaban amplios y bien cuidados bulevares que dividían los 343 distritos. Esta majestuosidad contrastaba con la pobreza imperante en los centros y aldeas regionales. 

El budismo alcanzó su auge durante este periodo al convertirse en la religión oficial e incorporar elementos del chamanismo y del taoísmo; ocupó un lugar importante en la vida y en la cultura de los coreanos; muchos miembros de la familia real y de la aristocracia, e incluso algunos plebeyos se convirtieron en monjes. El rey Taejo manifestó en tres de los “Diez Mandatos” que dejó a sus herederos, que el éxito y la continuidad de la dinastía dependía totalmente de la protección de Buda, por lo que debían seguirse realizando las ceremonias Yeondeunghoe (연등회, Festival de las Linternas) para venerarlo, y otros rituales en honor a las divinidades chamánicas del cielo, las montañas y los grandes ríos. Asimismo, la contrucción de templos y monasterios se realizaron de acuerdo con los principios de la geomancia, establecidos por el eminente monje Toson (827-898). La geomancia ha ejercido una gran influencia en la sociedad coreana a lo largo de su historia, tanto para identificar los lugares propicios en la ubicación de sus ciudades y tumbas de sus ancestros, como para determinar el arreglo espacial y la distribución estructural del sitio elegido según los principios taoístas del yin/yang y de los cinco elementos. 

En 1198 se fundó la oficina gubernamental dedicada a examinar la energía de toda la nación y a poner en práctica una administración equilibrada y armónica del territorio con fines defensivos y de protección. Se edificaron más de setenta monasterios en sitios estratégicos y además  recibieron tierras no gravables o libres de impuestos; contaban con su propio ejército privado para proteger su propiedad y sus monjes más prominentes fueron respetados y ocuparon posiciones privilegiadas en la Corte como asesores del gobierno, con los títulos de “Preceptor Real” (wangsa) y “Preceptor Nacional” (Kuksa). Residían en el templo del palacio, enseñaban las doctrinas budistas, meditaban y oraban por la seguridad y la paz de la nación, por el bienestar y la prosperidad del pueblo. 

El budismo siguió siendo la ideología dominante, contribuyendo a su florecimiento generaciones sucesivas de eruditos y destacados monjes coreanos, quienes fueron a estudiar a China desde la época de Silla Unificada y trajeron de allá las doctrinas de las ramas o escuelas budistas entonces prevalecientes. También motivaron el predominio del budismo las invasiones de pueblos seminómadas del norte de Asia Central, primero las mencionadas de Khitan y de Jurchen, y luego la de los mongoles, quienes atacaron y dominaron Koryo entre 1231 y 1356. Los coreanos invocaron la ayuda de Buda y buscaron refugio, consuelo y protección en las enseñanzas budistas. Con el fin de acumular méritos, realizaron actos piadosos, elaboraron esculturas, erigieron monasterios, templos y pagodas (Stupa o budo en coreano), que son monumentos para colocar reliquias, por todo el territorio peninsular, y redactaron, transcribieron e imprimieron numerosos textos y escrituras sagradas budistas (sutras). 

Continuará...

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Imagen 1: Bandera real de Goryeo

Imagen 2: Festival de las Linternas en Seúl

Imagen 3:  Pagoda de diez pisos del templo Gyeongcheonsa

[hlou14]

Last week, on the 3rd of May, was a national holiday for Buddha’s birthday. Known as Seokgatansinil 석가 탄신일 or Bucheonim Osinal 부처님 오신 날 (the day that Buddha came) in Korean, it’s a big deal here in Korea where Buddhism is the largest religious group. Celebrations normally last around a week, and begin before the big day, including the Lotus Lantern Festival held in Seoul, and other events across the country. The entire centre of Seoul was decked out in lanterns for the week before Buddha’s birthday, and the weekend prior to the 3rd saw a large lantern parade weave through the city centre and end up at Jogyesa Temple.

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Jogyesa 조계사 is the centre of Korean Buddhism. It is the head temple for the district, and in fact the entire country, for the Jogye order of Buddism. Because of this, Jogyesa (with ‘Jogye’조계 being the order of Buddhism and ‘sa’ 사 meaning ‘temple’) plays a central role in the celebrations for Buddha’s birthday. On the 3rd of May they saw a LOT of visitors, both for prayer and tourism, and when I arrived they were packing down from a large event of prayer and celebration.

Jogyesa was decked out in lanterns for Buddha’s birthday!

Because I’m a bad tourist, I didn’t make it in time for the event itself, but I was pleased to arrive to all the lanterns intact and on display. They were just starting to dismantle the bright, colourful canopies of lights as I was walking around, so I had made it just in time! There were a wide array of lanterns to see, and I even got to see some of the creations that had been shown in the Yeondeunghoe parade the Saturday earlier.

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These are just a few of the many photos I took while I was there. I’m sure you can imagine, I was very snap happy. And, really, who wouldn’t be with a place this photogenic?!

You can read more about Jogyesa Temple on the official Korea tourism website.

The 3rd of May 2017 was Buddha's birthday here in Korea, and Jogyesa temple was decked out in lanterns for the occasion! Last week, on the 3rd of May, was a national holiday for Buddha's birthday. Known as…

[soclaimon]

Seoul all lit up for the Buddha’s birthday

Seoul all lit up for the Buddha’s birthday

ศาสตร์เกษตรดินปุ๋ย : ขอบคุณแหล่งข้อมูล : หนังสือพิมพ์ The Nation

http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/world/30367820

Seoul all lit up for the Buddha’s birthday

World April 17, 2019 12:25

By The Nation

2,090 Viewed

South Korea residents will celebrate Buddha’s birthday with the striking Lotus Lantern Festival known as Yeondeunghoe from May 3 to 5 in downtown Seoul and along the…

[travelbiz]

Enjoy Korea's Tradition and Excitement at the Upcoming 2019 Lotus Lantern Festival

SEOUL, South Korea, April 11, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The annual Lotus Lantern Festival, Yeondeunghoe, will take place to celebrate Buddha's birthday from May 3 through 5 in downtown Seoul and along the street in front of the Jogyesa Temple. Prior to the festival, the lighting ceremony for Mireuksa Temple's Stone Pagoda-shaped lantern is scheduled at 7 p.m. on April 17 in Gwanghwamun, Seoul.

For the full multimedia release, click here: https://www.prnasia.com/mnr/ydh_201904.shtml

Yeondeunghoe, designated as Korea's National Intangible Cultural Property No. 122, has been held for around 1,200 years, and its traditional culture has been promulgated from generation to generation while promoting the community spirit. In particular, this year's festival will be held to pray for world peace and the Korean Peninsula to overcome various conflicts in the society with a spirit of mercy.

The Lantern Parade, the highlight of the festival, will take place on May 4, during which participants will put a wish message on their lanterns for well-beings of themselves, their families, neighbors and the society. Thousands of wish lanterns will become a wave of dreams for peace. More than 2,000 foreigners will also join the parade with International Dharma Instructors.

The Traditional Lantern Exhibitions will also attract the attention from citizens and visitors. The exhibitions, which run from May 3 to May 12 at the Ujeong Park next to the Jogyesa Temple, the Bongeunsa Temple and the Cheonggyecheon Stream. Displayed lanterns will shed light on the temple and the Cheonggyecheon Stream with the beauty of the lanterns' hanji, or Korean traditional paper.

This year's Cheonggyecheon Lantern Exhibition celebrated its 12th anniversary. It will be held from April 27 to May 12 with the theme of "A Flower of Peace Comes Out on the Korean Peninsula," combining people's aspirations for peace and unification.

The "Global Supporters for the Lantern Festival", consist of 60 young people from 26 countries, will carry out volunteer work during the festival. These Supporters, who are trained through templestay and traditional culture education, will provide guide and interpretation services for visitors, and perform flash mobs at the lighting ceremony, Traditional Cultural Events, and at the Tapgol Park during the lantern parade.

For more information, visit LLF.or.kr/eng

[hellofabs]

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Yeon Deung Hoe (Lotus Lantern Festival) (연등회) - Seoul/ South Korea #yeondeunghoe #lotuslanternfestival #lotuslanternfestival2016 #seoul #southkorea #korea #coreiadosul #coreia #filmmaker #videographer #director #footage #slowmotion #sonya7ii #sonya7sii #a7sii #seul #lotuslantern #traditionalkorea #monks (at Cheonggyecheon stream, Seoul)