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maddiviner · 6 years ago

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Morgan Daimler, a practicing witch for almost three decades, focuses primarily on the Celtic Fairy Faith. They are considered by many to be the foremost expert on the Fair Folk in neopaganism today.

I just finished reading their recent book, Fairies: A Guide to the Celtic Fair Folk about a month ago. If you know much about me, you know that, while very little in the Craft scares me, I’ve always been wary when contemplating the Fair Folk and related concepts.

I suppose you could say that everyone, witch or otherwise, has some odd fear here or there, and for me, it’s the Gentry.

Still, with anxiety comes fascination. I was lucky enough to snag a short interview with Morgan, who answered some of my pressing questions about the Fair Folk, their own beliefs, and their work with the Gentry

Eliza: “Do you think that the Fae remain as they were in ancient times, despite legends about them changing? Or, do you believe they, too, have evolved and changed?”

Morgan: “I think it’s a bit of both to be honest. I think that much like humans and animals are a lot like they were 3000 or 2000 years ago in the sense of physical appearances and abilities and such the Fey are as well. I don't think they've evolved to become something entirely different from what they were in stories and anecdotal accounts from a few hundred years ago either.

If we look at the folklore and the anecdotes we see that they are pretty consistent across time; while its true that the Good People do seem to follow and mimic human society they also stay true to who and what they themselves are.

We only start to see stories of radically different fairies very recently, comparatively speaking, and those are coming from fiction and authors who generally didn't believe in the actual reality of fairies.

On the same hand, yes I do think we see that the fairies do adapt and evolve like any other beings do with time and change. Their clothing changes, their speech and language changes, they modernize with the humans around them albeit at a slightly delayed rate.”

Eliza: “What’s the best bit of advice would you give witches who would like to begin working with the Fae within the context of modern life?”

Morgan: “The single best bit of advice I can give is to really dig into the living cultures that still believe in these beings as real or have a deep cultural folklore related to them.

There's such a pervasive idea around fairies from modern pop culture but if you look past that to what we can still find in places like Ireland, Scotland, and Iceland you can get a much more accurate idea of what exactly you're dealing with.

And knowing what you're dealing with, I think, is the single most important thing.”

Eliza: “You’ve spoken often about some of the downright dangerous misinformation out there about the Fae. What would be the worst piece of recent advice you’ve heard? Why?”

Morgan: “I don't want to give an actual example because it wouldn't be fair to have anyone read this and think I was calling them out, but I think to paraphrase the worst advice I've heard recently was the suggestion for people with little or no experience with these beings to invoke fairies known in folklore to be homicidally dangerous.

I think that entire concept comes down to people who don't believe these types of fairies actually exist as independent beings with power and agency, like the humans are just reading a book or playing a game. The thing is as much as I'm sure people think I overdo the warnings I have seen people get really hurt by some of these things - and I mean like nearly dying, going mad, being physically injured.

So when I talk about the dangerous misinformation it’s usually connected to things like that example, invoking the ones that are known to kill people, or treating them all to lightly, or doing anything that folklore makes clear can have severe consequences.

Obviously Fairy being what it is sometimes any action can bring a blessing that would normally be dangerous or bring a blow that would normally be safe. It has a lot of uncertainty to it. But for people with no practical knowledge or experience to go straight into dealing with the most dangerous beings, that always makes me cringe.”

Eliza: “In recent years, we’ve seen new and modernized legends about the Fae develop, such as the idea of Fae becoming human. What’re your thoughts on otherkins and related concepts?”

Morgan: “I think modern legends built from genuine experiences and lore are vital. There's some really great work being done in some corners by people working on this like Aine Llewellyn's Otherfaith on the more spiritual end or Sam Dow's Elsewhere University on the more fictional.

Otherkin is a very complicated subject and I have mixed views on it. Certainly there is a ton of folklore supporting the idea that the Fey and humans have sometimes interbred; we see that with the Irish aos sidhe, Scottish Selkies, and the Norse Hiddenfolk just to give a few cultural examples.

The idea of people having some kind of non-human or Otherworldly ancestry or connection is something I fully believe is possible. I'm more skeptical though of the idea of a non-human soul in a human body in this world, because I usually don't see what the purpose of that would be or how it would happen and also because so far the lists I've seen for identifying if you have such-and-such a type of soul tend to be based more on common stereotypes of a particular kind of fairy than actual folklore.

Which isn't to say I disbelieve, just that of all the people I've encountered claiming to be non-human souled I've very rarely - like only 2 or 3 times ever - believed it was true.

In a much wider sense there is folklore of both humans being taken into Fairy and becoming fairies as well as fairies taken out of Fairy who were turned into humans (but entirely into humans) so that's definitely a thing.”

Eliza: “What’s your thoughts on commonalities between older legends about the Fae, and modern, science-inspired stories about alien abductions?”

Morgan: “My personal opinion is that modern alien abduction stories are actually how we now interpret fairy abductions. speaking of fairies adapting and evolving I think that as humans have moved into the sci-fi era the fairies have adapted to using that paradigm to give us what we expect with their glamour. So instead of seeing fairies people see aliens.

It’s certainly worth noting that the first alien abduction happened well after literary and cinematic aliens became a cultural trope. So now we have fewer fairy encounters but we have alien abductions in their place.

Given how powerful fairy illusion is it would be simple enough for them to make a human think they are seeing a spaceship and aliens instead of whatever is actually going on, and it’s very clever on their part given how much folklore has taught humans about fighting back against fairies - where aliens seem like a force a captured person can't resist or fight back against.”

Much thanks to Morgan for providing this interview! You can visit their author page on Amazon here, and I highly recommend picking up Fairies: A Guide to the Celtic Fair Folk as introductory material on the matter.

Overall, I found the idea of the Gentry adapting to our own cultural landscape (see: the comments regarding aliens) most fascinating. This has sparked my further curiosity about the Gentry, and I’ll likely do some more research.

I hope you enjoyed this short discussion of the Fair Folk. Yes, I still feel a bit intimidated by the Gentry, but c’mon!

Everyone, even witches, ultimately get spooked sometimes... it’s not that weird to be afraid of fairies, is it?

Is it?

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badbackgroundscience · 6 years ago

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Where does he get those wonderful toys?

It’s the first BBS post without Stan Lee in the world. A sad time, indeed. He wasn’t a perfect man, but he brought inspiration to millions (perhaps even billions) of people with the characters and stories he helped create.

And thus we continue as always, this time with Marvel’s First Family - getting kidnapped by a Soviet cosmonaut and his band of mutant anthropoids* they last saw stranded on the Moon in F4 #13.

While we don’t get an explanation for how they managed to make it back to Earth,** we do get a correction in terms of the science between the two issues.

Previously, everyone was allowed to run around on the surface of the moon sans spacesuits. (Though, to be fair, that’s Uatu’s fault.)

Now, Ivan Kragoff - aka the Red Ghost (aka Beardless Soviet Santa) - plans on killing the team by smashing them onto the lunar surface and dying from the lack of atmosphere. You know...instead of the force of slamming into the surface.

As I mentioned in that previous post, there technically is a super duper thin atmosphere on the Moon, but it’s not made of anything you’d want to breathe. So Kragoff’s not too wrong.

Unfortunately for him, Sue manages to trap just enough oxygen in a forcefield before the crash (that they weren’t even injured by) and the Thing digs them over to Uatu’s house.

And then they get to check out his toys.

Ah, another complete misunderstanding of evolution. It’s not like Pokemon (or that infamous episode of Star Trek Voyager) - it takes place over generations, not within a single individual.

The whole point of evolution is about small genetic changes that get passed down. Sometimes it happens in the “survival of the fittest” way, where a new trait makes it easier to survive (e.g. better access to food, better avoidance of becoming food) to the point where you can make babies and pass that trait down. Sometimes that new trait just makes you slightly more attractive to a sexual partner so you’re more likely to get some (and thus have babies). And sometimes a trait has no benefit but it gets passed down ‘cause it doesn’t kill you before you have babies.***

Now, technically, there are going to be cells in your body that have slightly different DNA than all the others. This is because every time your DNA gets copied to make new cells, there are always going to be errors. Your cells have a natural “autocorrect” proofreading that fix most of those errors, but it’s not 100% effective.****

Does that mean if you managed to live for 20,000 years, your DNA would be so different you’d grow large ears and a lumpy forehead? No. Modern humans have existed for hundreds of thousands of years, and we’ve barely changed in physical appearance. There are some differences, sure, but nothing so drastic.

Perhaps counterintuitively, our brains are smaller than what they were 100,000 years ago. This of course does not mean we’re dumber, as there are many animals on this planet with brains physically larger than ours that are not capable of sending members of their own species to the Moon.

We’ve also grown a lot more diverse in physical appearance, because as we spread around the globe we got exposed to different environments which favored different adaptations, from skin color to hair texture to nose shape.

[Bonus: I will point out that ever since we started regularly using forks way more people naturally have overbites. (Close your mouth right now. Are your top teeth resting forward of your bottom teeth, or do the tips of your teeth naturally touch?) That has nothing to do with genetics, though. So sometimes, changes in biology have nothing to do with genetic drift and everything to do with new cultural behaviors.]

Now, toy number two:

A planet 30 times larger (by which I take to mean “more massive”) than our Sun is - while maybe not impossible if engineered to exist - does not exist in nature. The only bodies in the known universe with the mass of a 30-solar mass star are, well, the pretty rare occurring 30ish-solar mass stars (e.g. θ1 Orionis C),***** and some black holes.

A planet with the mass of 30 Suns (i.e. 60 million trillion trillion kg) but the density of Earth would have a radius of about 2 million km, ~350 times that of Earth’s.

The most massive planet we’ve managed to find (in our limited few decades of exoplanet hunting) is many times that of Jupiter, but it’s hard to pin down exactly what body it actually is, because the line between “a failed star aka a brown dwarf” and “just a really fat gas giant” is ambiguous. For example, NASA’s exoplanet archive lists HR 2562 b, with a mass 30 (+/- 15) times that of Jupiter, as the most massive exoplanet, but it’s also classified as a brown dwarf.

The largest radius we’ve managed to measure is about 30 times that of Earth (specifically, 3 times that of Jupiter). Nowhere near 350x. And it’s, as you should expect, a gas giant.

No wonder Uatu bottled it like Kandor. That’s a really special planet!

[Bonus 2: I wrote about a much more extreme version (i.e. 2000 instead of 30x) a while back.]

* “Anthropoid” just means vaguely resembling the look of a human, and is used both to refer to apes and monkeys. I’m using it because the comic does, but really, almost all the aliens we run into in these comics are anthropoid, unless it’s a Skrull who shapeshifted into a cow.

** or why the gorilla, orangutan, and baboon have un-turned on their master

*** This is one of the arguments for why we still have butt hair.

**** From Nature:

“DNA polymerase enzymes are amazingly particular with respect to their choice of nucleotides during DNA synthesis...Nonetheless, these enzymes do make mistakes at a rate of about 1 per every 100,000 nucleotides. That might not seem like much, until you consider how much DNA a cell has. In humans, with our 6 billion base pairs in each diploid cell, that would amount to about 120,000 mistakes every time a cell divides!...Proofreading fixes about 99% of these types of errors...After replication, mismatch repair reduces the final error rate even further.”

***** The more massive the star, the rarer it is. Even stars with masses like our Sun are more massive than like 70ish percent of all the stars in the galaxy, if not more if you classify brown dwarfs as stars.

#comics #fantastic four #Astronomy #space #planets #physics #biology #evolution

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thelonesgroup · 5 years ago

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Direct Mail vs. Email

There isn't a week that goes by that an agent tells me that they have decided to keep in touch with their past clients and sphere database primarily by an email newsletter. That email may be created by their company or it may be custom-created in MailChimp or Constant Contact, but the more important issue is that they have decided NOT to mail.

The reasons they give for making this change are predictable:

It's cheap or free.

It's easy. (Especially if their company puts it together or it is done automatically.)

It may be "hands off."

Some of the content is better-delivered and received in an e-format.

They say that their clients prefer an enewsletter.

While I agree that some content is absolutely better-delivered and received in an e-format (more on that below), I will say that reasons 1-3 should be thrown out the window. Easy and generic is NOT a substitute for your voice. And unless you have taken a poll of all your clients and they all opted in to an enewsletter instead of print, then option #5 just doesn't hold water.

Now, I am not saying you need to get rid of your enewsletter. In fact, it can be a strong component of your client connection plan! Let's start by looking at different types of content that is great for an enewsletter format:

Commentary on online articles with links to those original articles

Videos

Listings with links to online info

Some action you want the recipient to take online such as filling out a survey or form

Invitations to events with RSVPs online

Information on online MLS information that requires the ability to browse in an online format (for example, some companies have a neighborhood market summary that is sent out monthly)

I like that when an email is sent out, it's effectiveness can be tracked. You can get a sense of what resonates with people and you can make adjustments.

While electronic newsletters are indeed good for sending certain types of content, there are a number of challenges with only sending out an email newsletter:

SPAM Here is a fact that might surprise you. According to Statista, billions of emails are sent every day and SPAM makes up 57% of all email. SPAM filters have to be robust in order to block nefarious emails from getting through and unfortunately marketing emails are mistaken for SPAM all the time. You may think that you are sending out 100 emails, but how many of those ACTUALLY wind up in the inbox?

Competition Today's inbox is work. The average worker receives well over 100 emails a day, requiring us to prioritize our inboxes constantly. How many of you begin your day with deleting as many marketing emails as possible? Unfortunately, that is most of us. Unless you can make your email newsletter so compelling it makes it through the first round of deletion, you are spending a lot of time creating something that will actually be seen by fewer and fewer people.

Less Sticking Power According to MailChimp, real estate industry emails have an average open rate of 19.67% and a click rate of only 1.8%. That means if you sent out 100 emails, only 1.8% of people will click on a link. Compare that to all the people who will open your mail.

Because of these facts I do have concerns about agents who are opting to only do an enewsletter. I am also concerned that these numbers may get even worse in the coming years as the number of emails generated worldwide every day is expected to rise.

Let's go back to print marketing. Here are some print marketing facts compiled by Accudata that should have you rethinking about the role physical mail in your marketing plan:

56% of all consumers trust print more than any other ad they see (printinthemix.com)

90% of Millennials think direct mail is reliable (yes folks, Millennials) (Pitney Bowes)

98% of consumers open their mail daily – forming a kinesthetic relationship to the piece you are sending out. Compare that to the click that is required for deleting or opening an email.

Remember, mail is tangible. It has a shelf-life. Furthermore, when information taps into to multiple senses, it is more likely to be remembered. With email, you only have visual (unless of course you have added video). But with print, you are adding at least another layer (touch) but you also have a different visual experience – one in which the paper can be turned over and viewed at different angles.

There are so many print marketing success stories I have heard over the years. Stories of agents arriving at a home to do a listing presentation and the seller pulls out a file folder full of past mailings. Stories of agents being able to find a very specific home for a buyer due to their mailing efforts. Three listing presentations that were a result of a single mailing to 100 people. I can go on and on about the power of mail!

"But Denise, I have 600 people in my database. I can't afford to mail to that many people."

OK, fair point. I agree that if you are concerned about your budget, you may want to take a look at the quality of your database. If I were selling real estate and I was concerned about a marketing budget, I might decide to only mail to certain folks, but then make sure I sent my email newsletter to my whole database. How do you determine quality? Here is how I would do it:

Past Clients Past clients always stay on the list unless you don't want to work with them again.

Potential Clients These are folks who have indicated they might do business with you in the next year or so. They stay on the list.

Referrers If you have received a referral from someone, keep them on the list.

Then it is just a matter of determining who else is worth the monthly investment to keep on your list. Community associates? People you met at an open house five years ago? Friends and family members? Lenders? I like to use this metric to determine whether they stay on your direct mail list or not: Are they worth spending $18 a year to market to? If not, convert them to your enewsletter list for now, but don't be cheap. You should be mailing to at least 100 people in your database every month.

Remember, $18 a year to market to say, an average of 250 people (I would say that is the average number of people in typical database of an agent we coach) is $4500. That isn't much when you consider the amount that agents are spending to market to people they don't know or generate online leads.

In my experience, the most effective communication plans are multi-faceted. Print mail combined with email marketing combined with social media – text, graphics, and video. The goal is to reach more people in the way they want to be reached with the information they want to read/hear/view. So don't limit yourself to one type of communicating. Instead, create a simple-to-follow system that incorporates physical information and online information!

Want to learn more? Sources:

http://www.accudata.com/print-for-marketing-campaigns/

https://www.statista.com/statistics/420391/spam-email-traffic-share/

https://mailchimp.com/resources/email-marketing-benchmarks/

https://www.msp-pgh.com/print-marketing-works-in-digital-world/

Follow Denise on Facebook

Follow Denise on Twitter

By Denise Lones CSP, M.I.R.M., CDEI - The founding partner of The Lones Group, Denise Lones, brings nearly three decades of experience in the real estate industry. With agent/broker coaching, expertise in branding, lead generation, strategic marketing, business analysis, new home project planning, product development, Denise is nationally recognized as the source for all things real estate. With a passion for improvement, Denise has helped thousands of real estate agents, brokers, and managers build their business to unprecedented levels of success, while helping them maintain balance and quality of life.

#client connections #client content #client database #database mailer #advertising #print marketing #digital marketing #direct mail #email #farming #geographical farming #geofarming #mailers #spam #real estate #Denise Lones #The Lones Group #Zebra Report

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blschaos3000-blog · 5 years ago

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Its 1:26 pm warm/Memorial Day/never forget

Welcome to 8 Questions with…….

Today’s interview is a little different in a couple of ways. Today’s guest,Blaine Kelley,is my first politicallt active guest. Now I usually find the folks I talk with via Facebook or a third party. But Blaine is also my first Twitter guest,he and I have been friends on that platform for around three years now. And yes,Blaine is one of the most active voices against Donald Trump and his fascist regime. He posts different news articles,gets out in the street and encourages everyone to excercise their right to vote no matter how hard the Republicans are trying to deny and suppress that right. I have found Blaine to be a warm and generous man who loves his family and his country. He is willing to discuss just about anything as well….in fact he and I have had some really nice chats about life in general. What I respect most about Blaine is that he will be friends with just anyone based on face value,he doesn’t judge anyone and lets their actions speak for themselves. In today’s world,that is rapidly becoming a rare trait. I know by posting this interview that I am showing where I stand in today’s world and while I plan to interview other activists,my blog is not a political one nor will it become one. Simply because I think politics are dead and good people like Blaine Kelley are fighting for the life and the future of this country. So I hope you will really read the answers to the 8 Questions (plus a couple more) that I asked Blaine Kelley……

Please introduce yourself and share a little bit of your background with us.

Hello- My name is Blaine Kelley. I am from central California. I have always lived here and have no desire to live elsewhere. I went to school at Pepperdine University where I studied Economics and Literature. I Attended Law School at Southern Cal. I worked as a civil attorney for over a decade until I burned out on the grind. My mother was suffering from cancer and I spent several years attending to her while she battled it. I began to feel the need to go back to work so I invested in a construction corporation and became a board member and the VP of operations. I continued this for a decade finally selling my shares and entering the corporate consulting world.

How are you and your family coping with the Covid-19 lockdown?

During this time I met my spouse and we relocated from San Diego to The Bay Area. When Covid-19 struck I had been following the science for several months. I was not surprised at the lightening speed of the spread in the US. I was prepared. We have been sheltering In place longer than most of the country and it shows on the infection growth curve for California. I feel very lucky for this. We have two children, 10 and 14, whom I have taken the responsibility of educating during the pandemic. Many of you know this is quite a challenge. Beyond this the “lockdown’ has presented many obstacles: Being isolated from friends and family is a challenge the video calling only partially overcomes. Further it is a daily challenge to stay physically mentally and physically fit without access to the “normal” outlets that keep me and my family on an even keel.

When did you become politically active and what was the issue that peaked your interest?

I am 50 and became interested in politics during high school. The Iran Contra Affair was interesting because my best friends neighbor was arrested for weapons trafficking. We lived in a small beach community so this was A BIG DEAL. My family was always involved in political activities. My grandfather was a contemporary of Cesar Chavez and Delores Huerta. He marched with the farmworkers from Delano to Sacramento. It wasn’t uncommon to visit them and dine with famous social and political figures. The strong pro-union sentiment is something I still support and am proud of to this day. Political corruption has always been one of my main areas of interest when thinking about the political perspective. Weather local or national, corruption has been and will be, the single biggest danger to the democratic ideal most Americans cherish.

What is “the Resistance”?

The Resistance to me is merely a group of citizens who are fed up with the corruption that is choking our Democracy right now. We see the questionable validity of our election process, and more importantly, the disastrous results that political apathy and general ignorance have delivered upon us all. Within my circle of allies you will find individuals from across the political spectrum. What we have in common is a passionate love of our Country and a steadfast belief in the Rule Of Law. Without fair and balanced laws society will not function as envisioned by the founders, the citizenry, and the our allies across the world who, by necessity, need the United States to be the Beacon of Justice for the World.

Do you feel only having two political parties have led us down this path in which we have a fascist president? What three things would you reform if you could do so?

I have little experience with anything other than the two party system. Accordingly, my thoughts on a parliamentary system are not favorable. I think 90-95 percent of Americans all want the same thing but want to take a different route across town to reach the destination. Accordingly, more parties won’t solve this issue but more imput and cooperation will.

Do you feel a corporate owned press does more damage then good and why/why not?

The so called free press is partially at fault for the current fiasco we have in Washington. We have ZERO requirements that “the press” report Facts, Truth, or anything advising the consumer that opinion is being presented as NEWS. This is an epic failure of Congress and the Courts. It is difficult to determine if the big three (MSNBC.CNN.FOX) are mostly responsible for the authoritarian crisis we currently face. What is clear, Ratings (income) are the primary goal of all media in the United States. This is problematic as the echo chamber effect is fully our current reality. Obviously this is not the way to unite all citizens for any common good. Divide and conquer is a successful strategy that has been effective for thousands of years.

How can we recover our country or have we gone past that point?

I definitely think we can save our county and political system. We have not yet lost all respect and understanding for and of the Rule Of Law. We are close as normalization of authoritian actions is “normalized” by Fox news and to a lessor extent by the other two daily. We also see most Members of the GOP doing the same in furtherance of personal and professional necessity. The margin is razor thin for the upcoming election. If America is to be saved some wholesale changes must be made if the Authoritian corporate machine is defeated in November. Among these are Citizens United, wholesale voter repression/suppression ,and term limits to nave a few.

How do you explain what is happening to your kids?

10 and 14 have a basic understanding of the problems we face. I explain how (corny but deal) Truth and Justice are integral to the American Way. I define Justice as; those who fail to follow the laws of man, as passed by our court or, made by our lawmakers, are punished according to those same laws. That clearly is not happening!

Do you feel the revisionist policies in our schools have played a part of the rise in fascism here?

I don’t consider revisionist content in schools the major problem but rather the wholesale elimination of content the culprit. Ignorance of the designed mechanisms of the political and legal worlds is the biggest educational failure I see. This has led to a loss of respect for both The Law And The Political Process. Loss of respect has led to apathy.

How do you encourage people and which people encourage you?

I try to encourage others to do one simple thing….VOTE. By explaining that the ability to vote is a privilege I hope to inspire others to become more aware of their ability to affect other lives in a positive way. I tend to barrage people with facts……sometime too many. Lately I have just pushed the idea that if you vote you rightfully have a say in the outcome. People that inspire me are those who understand that wisdom is important yet easy to acquire. It isn’t all about IQ but about paying attention and digesting what you see in a meaningful way.

Do you feel we as a society have become much to reactionary because we feel powerless to do anything?

No on the contrary we are way too fucking apathetic. Many will passively sit by and watch while tragedy occurs RIGHT IN FRONT OF THEM. Two examples: Last year my Spouse and I were at the store and witnessed a man hitting his wife! I ran up and, along with another, grabbed the man separating him from the woman. There were at least 15 other bystanders doing NOTHING. Four months ago I was driving and a woman was running in traffic. She was screaming….. She was being chased by a man. I pulled over and inserted myself between her and the man allowing her to get in her car and escape. Taking personal responsibility to make my city a better place for all is what everyone needs to do. We have to get out of our personal bubble and take some responsibility to make life better for everyone. Liberty and freedom are not going to last for any of us unless all of us work together.

What do you like to to do for fun when you’re able to do so?

I enjoy a wide variety of things. Books, live music, and the outdoors are my favorites. Somehow eating delicious things seems to be involved in most of those activities. My family is the center of most of these a interests. Traveling to a concert, sporting event, or a National Park we find a way to experience new foods along the way.

The cheetah and I are flying over to watch to attend a political rally but we are a day early and now you are playing tour guide,what are we doing?

Accordingly I would encourage you and the Cheetah to check out the bay and the museums here. Mainly because great food is always near. A trip to the Capital is a short hop as well. The Cheetah would love a romp through the many estuaries in search of things to smell and chase………

I like to thank Blaine for talking the time to chat with us and being candid about his views on the state of America. As November gets closer,this next vote is the most important in our nation’s history. If we don’t retake back our country then,we never will.

You can follow Blaine on his Twitter by clicking here.

Feel free to drop us a comment below.

8 Questions with………political activist Blaine Kelley Its 1:26 pm warm/Memorial Day/never forget Welcome to 8 Questions with....... Today's interview is a little different in a couple of ways.

#8 Questions With #America #Blaine Kelley #California #citizen #Democrat #family #father #husband #patriot #political activist #politics #The Resistance

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jesseneufeld · 5 years ago

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Omega-3s: Everything You Need to Know

As a health-minded individual, you’ve no doubt gotten the memo that omega-3 fatty acids are important. You may dutifully eat your weekly servings of small, oily fish. Perhaps a fish oil pill is even part of your daily supplement routine. But do you know why?

Looking back, I used to write about omega-3s a lot in the early days of Mark’s Daily Apple (more than a decade ago, geez!) Since then, I’ve covered the topic here and there, but I thought it was time for a refresher. Today I’m going to focus on giving you a broad overview of their function and an update on the state of the research literature.

It would be impossible to cover all the reasons that omega-3s are important for health in a single post, nor all the areas of ongoing research. I’ll try to hit the big ones here. Let me know in the comments what else you’d like me to cover in future posts.

What Are Omega-3 Fatty Acids?

Omega-3s are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—“essential” means the body can’t synthesize them. We have to get them from food or supplements.

As Primal folks, you might have an adverse reaction to the word “polyunsaturated.” It’s true that in the ancestral health world, we tend to be wary of PUFAs—or really, oils containing high proportions of PUFAs such as safflower and canola—due to their propensity to become rancid and be pro-inflammatory. However, this is a don’t-throw-the-baby-out-with-the bathwater situation. First, when it comes to overconsumption and inflammation, we are primarily concerned with omega-6 fatty acids, not omega-3s. Second, PUFAs, both omega-3s and even the oft-maligned omega-6s, serve many functions in the human body.

I’ll return to the issue of omega-6s vis-à-vis omega-3s later in this post. For now, I just want you to understand that omega-3s are polyunsaturated, essential, and important.

A Quick Primer on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Omega-3s and omega-6s are both types of polyunsaturated fatty acids. What does this mean? Fatty acids comprise chains of carbon atoms of differing lengths. Picture each carbon atom having four arms. They “hold hands” to form the chain. With the remaining hand(s), they hold on to one or more hydrogen atoms.

If each carbon atom uses one hand to hold the carbon on its left and one to hold the carbon on its right, that leaves two hands free for hydrogen. When each carbon is attached to two hydrogen atoms, these fatty acids are called saturated.

Sometimes carbons form double bonds, meaning they use two hands two grab a neighboring carbon. This leaves only one hand free for hydrogen. These are unsaturated fatty acids. When fatty acids only have one double bond along the carbon chain, they are called monounsaturated. When they have multiple double bonds, they are polyunsaturated.

The number in the name of the fatty acid tells you where you can find the first double bond. In omega-3s, the first double bond is on the third carbon atom from the omega (methyl) end. In omega-6s, it’s on the sixth carbon atom.

Double bonds form “kinks” in the fatty acid chains, affecting the shape, and ultimately the function, of the fatty acid. It is not inherently bad for a fatty acid to be polyunsaturated, but it does mean that they are especially vulnerable to oxidation. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (along with their less appreciated cousins, the omega-9 fatty acids) are each important in their own way.

The Three Main Types of Omega-3s

There are many forms of omega-3 fatty acids, of which three are particularly noteworthy for humans:

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

ALA is the most abundant in the diet. In humans, its main biological function is as a precursor for EPA and DHA. ALA that is not converted to EPA or DHA is used mainly for energy.

Even though ALA is converted into EPA and DHA, the latter two are still considered essential (or “conditionally essential”) because conversion rates are too low to provide all the EPA and DHA needed for optimal functioning. Females are better able to convert ALA thanks to higher estrogen, but both sexes need to get EPA and DHA in their diet and/or from supplements.1

But What Do Omega-3 Fatty Acids DO?

Omega-3s are found throughout the body, notably in cell membranes, where they affect the fluidity of the membranes and, ultimately, gene expression. All the omega-3s play numerous important roles in the body, including in cellular metabolism, immune system function, and cardiovascular health.

EPA is involved in producing signaling molecules called eicosanoids that modulate inflammation, while DHA is an important structural component especially in the nervous system and retinas. Both EPA and DHA are generally considered to be anti-inflammatory, although that’s something of an oversimplification. Their effect on the immune system depends on the context.

Generally speaking, though, EPA and DHA exert anti-inflammatory effects, in contrast to omega-6s, especially arachidonic acid (AA), which tend to be pro-inflammatory. Omega-3s work their anti-inflammatory magic in a number of ways, including by producing specific eicosanoids, suppressing pro-inflammatory transcription factors, decreasing production of inflammatory cytokines, and by “turning off” inflammatory responses once they have done their job.2 3

Omega-3s’ Roles in Disease

Because inflammation is characteristic of so many disease states, omega-3s are a major area of research interest. Researchers have studied how omega-3s interact with practically every major disease and developmental process you can think of.

I’ll tell you up front, we still have a lot more questions than answers. Sometimes it seems that omega-3 intake in the diet buffers against a certain health issue, but the results aren’t replicated in randomized control trials. (It may be that the initial epidemiological studies are flawed – I’m highly skeptical of this methodology overall.) Experiments often yield inconsistent results. There may be differences between getting omega-3s from whole foods versus supplements, or certain populations may respond differently than others to supplementation. Studies may not be targeting the optimal dose. On and on.

The fast is, there are few “knowns” with regard to specific diseases. It’s fair to say that it’s clearer that omega-3s are important in a global sense — for overall health — than for any specific disease or disorder.

Cardiovascular Health

The potential for omega-3s to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease has probably has received the most attention. There is lots of data here… and the results are all over the map. Let me try to summarize some of the major findings, focusing on recent meta-analyses where possible:

Observational studies suggest that people who eat one or two servings of fish per week have better cardiovascular health than people who do not.4

A recent meta-analysis evaluated 19 studies, with 45,637 participants, in which researchers assessed biomarkers of omega-3s—basically, how much omega-3 people had in their systems. ALA and DHA were associated with lower risk of fatal coronary heart disease but not total coronary heart disease.5

Some research suggests that omega-3 supplementation may be particularly helpful for individuals with existing cardiac disease, at least in terms of reducing the risk of cardiac and all-cause mortality.6 However, other analyses show minimal benefit.7 8

EPA and DHA may be useful in reducing high blood pressure.9

Overall, the data from many studies seems promising, though it gets messy when you really dig into the literature. Despite the messiness, last year the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that there is “credible evidence” that EPA and DHA may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and hypertension.10

On the other hand, a Cochrane Review published earlier this year takes a different stance.11 The authors conclude that there it is unlikely that omega-3 supplementation meaningful affects mortality, although they concede that there might be some benefit for cardiovascular disease events and arrhythmia. Effects of supplementation may vary by dose, which might help explain inconsistencies between studies.12 13 Optimal dose could depend on what outcomes you’re hoping to achieve.

One area where omega-3 supplementation seems to shine is in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, or high triglycerides.14 Multiple studies show a benefit, but at doses higher that you’re likely to take over the counter. To reduce triglycerides, the American Heart Association recommends taking 2 to 4 grams of EPA+DHA under a doctor’s supervision.15

Mental Health

Omega-3s are abundant in the brain and play key roles in neuronal functioning. It’s no surprise that they would be considered in the treatment of mental health disorders. Some disorders, notably depression, are also thought to be inflammatory, making anti-inflammatory omega-3s a potentially useful intervention. What does the data say?

People who eat more fish are at lower risk of depression16, and individuals diagnosed with depression may have chronically low levels of omega-3s in their cells.17 18

Some studies show that omega-3s, especially EPA, reduce depressive episodes19 and clinical anxiety20.

Omega-3s are also under investigation for a number of other mental health disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but there is not enough evidence to draw firm conclusions about their efficacy.21

Aging and Age-Related Cognitive Decline

There are multiple pathways by which omega-3s might support healthy aging, especially in the brain. A couple small studies demonstrated positive effects of supplementation on brain structure and function in older adults.22 23 However, results have been inconsistent overall, with no clear benefit for preventing or treating Alzheimer’s or dementia.

Other studies have looked at whether omega-3s can improve physical functioning. One found that in older adults with coronary artery disease, EPA+DHA improved functioning and was associated with getting more weekly exercise.24 Another showed increased muscle protein synthesis with supplementation.25

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Likely due to their anti-inflammatory properties, omega-3s show promise for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A recent meta-analysis of 20 randomized control trials linked omega-3 supplementation to improvements in 8 distinct health markers for RA, including stiffness in the morning and joint tenderness.26 Some studies, but not all, find that omega-3 supplementation reduces arthritis pain.27

Cancer

The data with regard to cancer are too disparate to summarize neatly. Researchers are particularly interested in the possibility that omega-3s may reduce incidence of breast and colorectal cancers. I’ll be keeping my eye on this.

One important note is that some studies have found limited evidence of a positive association between omega-3 intake and prostate cancer. However, other large-scale epidemiological studies suggest that men who consume more fish are at lower risk for prostate cancer.28 29 It’s not clear what’s going on here, but it does suggest that you should talk to your doctor if you’re considering supplementing with omega-3s and you have had, or are at high risk for developing, prostate cancer.

What does it all mean?

Here’s how I read the situation: There is no doubt that omega-3s are crucial for health. You don’t want to be chronically low in omega-3s. Whether there is a benefit for supplementing with omega-3s—especially above and beyond what you get from your diet—depends on what you hope to get out of it. If you’re thinking about using omega-3s to treat a specific health issue, talk to your doctor. There are too many variables at play—your dietary intake and health status, types and omega-3s and dosing—to make blanket recommendations.

How to Get Omega-3s

Dietary Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Marine animals are the primary dietary sources of EPA and DHA in the human diet. This is why I and others have argued previously that fish and shellfish played a critical role in human evolution.30 The abundance of DHA in particular was probably pivotal to our advanced brain development.

Some of the best sources of EPA and DHA are salmon, mackerel, anchovies, sardines, herring, and oysters. Cod livers are delightfully mild and pack a wallop of vitamins A and D to boot. Primal-friendly sources of ALA include flax seeds, chia seeds, and walnuts. You also get some omega-3s in meat and eggs (chickens are often fed omega-enriched feed). Grass-finished beef and pastured eggs31 will deliver higher doses.

Although seafood is by far the best source of EPA and DHA, if you are vegetarian or vegan, you can get these important fatty acids from algal oil. Seaweed and chlorella also contain omega-3s, but nowhere near the quantities found in seafood.

How Much Do You Need?

The generally accepted advice is to aim for one to two servings per week of seafood, but there is no set recommended daily allowance (RDA) for ALA, EPA, or DHA. Generally, you’ll find recommendations to consume anywhere from 250 to 500mg per day of combined EPA+DHA. I developed an omega-3 formula with clean ingredients to make it easy to get sufficient EPA and DHA every day.

Does Your Omega-3:Omega-6 Ratio Matter?

In the body, omega-6s compete for space with omega-3s. Both can be incorporated into cell membranes, where they affect the membranes’ fluidity, permeability, and signaling pathways. Research shows that the amount of each in cell membranes is proportional to omega-3 and omega-6 consumption in the diet. An imbalance of omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs can negatively affect how the cells—including in immune cells and neurons—function.32

The primary omega-6 fatty acid is linoleic acid (LA). LA and the primary omega-3 ALA use the same enzymatic pathways to convert into longer-chain fatty acids: arachidonic acid (AA, in the case of LA) and EPA and DHA (in the case of ALA). High LA levels can crowd out the ALA and make it so that it can’t make the all-important EPA and DHA.

You can directly impact the amount of omega-3s and omega-6s in your tissues by changing your diet.33 This, in turn, can affect your levels of inflammation and disease risk. For example, across cultures with diverse diets, greater intake of omega-6s is associated with having more omega-6 in the tissues and with greater incidence of cardiovascular disease. This effect is moderated by omega-3 intake. Across all levels of omega-6 intake, higher omega-3 consumption is associated with lower disease risk. The lower the omega-3 intake, the higher the risk.34

Although some research suggests that the high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in modern diets puts people at risk for developing certain diseases such as heart disease and cancers,35 Experts argue that our ancestors evolved with a diet that had approximately equal proportions of omega-3s and omega-6s.36 Depending on whom you ask, modern diets may have a ratio of 1:10, 1:16, 1:20, or more!

I used to bang the drum about hitting the right omega-3:omega-6 ratio in your daily diet. In recent years I’ve backed off that stance somewhat. I still think modern diets like SAD are way too high in omega-6s, but the answer isn’t to pile on heaping servings of omega-3s to balance it and “correct” the ratio. The solution is to reduce consumption of omega-6s (mostly from refined seed and vegetable oils, and products containing those oils) while getting adequate omega-3s.

Should I Supplement With Fish Oil?

It is certainly possible to be deficient in omega-3s. Clinical deficiencies usually manifest as scaly rashes. Severe omega-3 deficiencies are rare in most parts of the world, though. Subclinical low omega-3 levels may manifest as brittle nails and hair, poor sleep, or mood disturbances.

Despite a mountain of evidence that omega-3s are essential for health, there is still no clear guidance about who exactly should supplement and how much. It seems to me that the best practice, and one I follow myself is: aim to get omega-3s from food, and supplement wisely as needed. In practice, this means I select grass-fed meat when I can, and I eat pastured eggs most days, and I eat a couple servings of small-oily fish every week. I take an omega-3 supplement most days, but I’ll skip that on the days when I eat fatty fish. Plus, I eat a lot of ALA-containing vegetables.

The other thing I do, of course, is limit my omega-6 consumption by avoiding refined seed and vegetable oils. I’m not overly concerned with omega-6s found in nuts, which I don’t eat in huge quantities anyway, or other whole foods.

For folks who are already eating a lot of omega-3-rich foods, further supplementation may not offer a ton of benefit.37 If you’re not sure where you fall, you can ask your doctor for a blood test for omega-3 levels. You can also just track your food for a few days in an app like Cronometer that tells you how much you’re consuming.

Are There Any Downsides?

Perhaps. Some people have raised the concern that because they are polyunsaturated, omega-3s, especially in supplement form, are subject to rancidity and may cause oxidative stress. This speaks to the importance of sourcing your supplements from a reputable source. Store them according to instructions on the label and use them by their best-by dates. It’s another argument for prioritizing food sources as well.

Furthermore, it seems clear that more is not better, especially when it comes to supplementation. Excessive intake may lead to bleeding since EPA and DHA can reduce platelet aggregation, although this doesn’t seem to be a big risk for the average person. Nevertheless, the FDA recommends of cap of 3 grams EPA+DHA per day, with no more than 2 grams coming from supplements. Higher doses should only be taken with a doctor’s supervision.

In any case, these risks seem to me to be considerably less than the potential downsides of getting insufficient omega-3s. I still count omega-3s as a central player in overall health and healthy aging.

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References

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15075703

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23668691/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23747022/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29773586

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27357102

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24472636

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5885893/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30521670

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4054797/

https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/fda-announces-new-qualified-health-claims-epa-and-dha-omega-3-consumption-and-risk-hypertension-and

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6513557/

https://ift.tt/36cgxsm

https://ift.tt/3dYaLgE

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30415628

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21502576

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359502

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10333380

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9513745

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21939614/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6324500/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194275

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23796946

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789637/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29752179

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159787

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28965775

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5295086/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25210201

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408548

https://aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1007/BF02562227

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/41808

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26795198/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16387724/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18408140/ [/red] scientists have not been able to establish an optimum ratio.[ref]https://archive.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/o3cardio/o3cardio.pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5093368/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083439

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lauramalchowblog · 5 years ago

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Omega-3s: Everything You Need to Know

What Are Omega-3 Fatty Acids?

Omega-3s are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—“essential” means the body can’t synthesize them. We have to get them from food or supplements.

I’ll return to the issue of omega-6s vis-à-vis omega-3s later in this post. For now, I just want you to understand that omega-3s are polyunsaturated, essential, and important.

A Quick Primer on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

The Three Main Types of Omega-3s

There are many forms of omega-3 fatty acids, of which three are particularly noteworthy for humans:

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

ALA is the most abundant in the diet. In humans, its main biological function is as a precursor for EPA and DHA. ALA that is not converted to EPA or DHA is used mainly for energy.

But What Do Omega-3 Fatty Acids DO?

Omega-3s’ Roles in Disease

Cardiovascular Health

Observational studies suggest that people who eat one or two servings of fish per week have better cardiovascular health than people who do not.4

EPA and DHA may be useful in reducing high blood pressure.9

Mental Health

People who eat more fish are at lower risk of depression16, and individuals diagnosed with depression may have chronically low levels of omega-3s in their cells.17 18

Some studies show that omega-3s, especially EPA, reduce depressive episodes19 and clinical anxiety20.

Aging and Age-Related Cognitive Decline

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Cancer

What does it all mean?

How to Get Omega-3s

Dietary Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

How Much Do You Need?

Does Your Omega-3:Omega-6 Ratio Matter?

Should I Supplement With Fish Oil?

Are There Any Downsides?

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References

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15075703

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23668691/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23747022/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29773586

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27357102

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24472636

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5885893/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30521670

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4054797/

https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/fda-announces-new-qualified-health-claims-epa-and-dha-omega-3-consumption-and-risk-hypertension-and

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6513557/

https://ift.tt/36cgxsm

https://ift.tt/3dYaLgE

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30415628

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21502576

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359502

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10333380

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9513745

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21939614/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6324500/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194275

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23796946

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789637/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29752179

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159787

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28965775

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5295086/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25210201

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408548

https://aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1007/BF02562227

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/41808

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26795198/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16387724/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18408140/ [/red] scientists have not been able to establish an optimum ratio.[ref]https://archive.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/o3cardio/o3cardio.pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5093368/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083439

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kathleenseiber · 5 years ago

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Things are looking dire for Gulf Coast coral reefs

Without a rapid and dramatic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, fragile coral reefs in the Gulf of Mexico—like those around the world—could face catastrophe, researchers warn.

That could be bad for us all, says Sylvia Dee, an assistant professor of earth, environmental, and planetary sciences at Rice University. She and colleagues drew evidence from an extensive analysis of stressors on corals that line the Gulf coast.

The findings show a majority of shallow reefs along the coast from Texas to Florida are in poor-to-fair condition—and the predicted rise in surface temperatures and ocean acidity will severely degrade what’s left by the end of the century.

The sheer speed of those changes will hamper, if not prevent, the recovery of reefs, some of which began to evolve in the gulf 420,000 years ago, Dee says.

“Part of this paper addresses whether or not reefs are adaptable to the warming temperatures and increasingly acidic oceans,” says Dee, who compared climate model projections to years of data collected by the government and environmental scientists.

“We looked for clues from periods in the past that might suggest present-day reefs have the ability to cope with heating and adapt or regenerate.

“But there’s limited evidence to suggest that the adaptation could occur fast enough compared to how quickly we’re warming the oceans,” she says. “Millions of years ago, rates of sea surface temperature change and ocean acidification, such as those we’re experiencing now, would have happened over much longer time scales.”

Paris Agreement targets may not be enough

Most research on climate change and coral reefs to date has focused on the Great Barrier Reef and the tropical Pacific, Dee says. “Things are going south at a rapid rate there. But Gulf of Mexico reefs are also being swiftly degraded, and there hadn’t been a comprehensive paper looking at the gulf alone.”

Coral reefs support the world’s fisheries, protect coastlines, and promote tourism, generating billions of dollars for the global economy each year, researchers say. According to one study, they support more than 70,000 jobs in southeast Florida alone.

In line with recent, dramatic reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the United Nations, the researchers found that even hitting the emission targets called for in the Paris Agreement, which aim to keep global temperatures from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius, may not be sufficient to preserve the reefs.

Coral reef bleaching

Their climate model uses a benchmark known as Representative Concentration Pathways, which describes the future amount of radiative forcing, the balance between energy absorbed by the Earth from sunlight and that radiated back to space.

The study assumed a forcing imbalance of +8.5 watts per square meter as the baseline for future warming. However, future greenhouse gas emissions have a direct impact on this number, which the researchers considered conservative, as it takes into account emissions measured over the past few decades.

“We used, essentially, a worst-case scenario for how humans will behave,” Dee says. “But we explored both medium-range—or medium climate change abatement—and worst-case scenarios. Unfortunately, no matter the scenario, heating rates are high enough that we would expect almost complete coral bleaching throughout the Gulf of Mexico.”

Coral bleaching refers to the expulsion of symbiotic algae that live inside coral tissues. Corals draw most of their energy from algae and begin to starve when it disappears due to rising temperatures. Sea life depends on the reef for shelter and sustenance and coral banks are a natural physical barrier that help protect coastlines by reducing erosion from wave action and storm surge.

“The best-case scenario is that we have rapid and widespread reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the near term, the next 20 years,” Dee says. “The corals in the Gulf of Mexico are hardy. Some survived Hurricane Mitch, and other gulf reefs have survived catastrophic, short-lived events. The concern is that if the heating gets worse every single year, it’s going to be close to impossible for the corals to bounce back.”

Coauthor Mark Torres, an assistant professor of earth, environmental and planetary sciences, notes models showed the secondary effects of ocean acidification may not be as dire as rapid temperature rise, but would still challenge the reefs’ ability to recover.

“Corals make their skeletons around calcium carbonate,” he says. “If seawater becomes so corrosive that skeletons dissolve in it, there’s no adapting around that.”

“Think of it like putting a tooth in a Coke can,” Dee says.

Corals thrive along a narrow range of coastal shelf, so their ability to migrate to more hospitable waters is limited, Torres says. “If they grow deeper, the water is colder, but then they’re further away from the light. There are physical limits to how deep they can live.”

Corals could give way to other species, like sponges, over the long term, but researchers say they can’t predict how that would affect the overall coral reef environment.

“Corals are the foundation of ecosystem health for most marine species,” Dee says. “If the corals go away, you lose the fish, you lose everything. When we started evaluating climate model simulations for the future, we didn’t know that the conditions in the Gulf of Mexico were going to be so dire.”

The paper appears in Frontiers in Marine Science. Coauthors are from the University of Texas at Austin and Louisiana State University. The Department of the Interior South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center supported the research.

Source: Rice University

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dyernews · 6 years ago

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Why It Pays to “Discover” Online Banking

For the longest time, banking to me seemed like mostly a practice in making the best of a bad situation. After all, how many people actively discuss what they enjoy about their bank? Instead, it’s mostly complaints about rising fees and buggy apps. Because of this and since I didn’t have any big issues with Wells Fargo and wasn’t paying any maintenance fees for my decades-old account, I assumed I couldn’t really ask for more.

That was until I turned my sights to internet banking. Suddenly I learned that I could be actually earning on my savings while still avoiding fees. Since then, I’ve actually opened a few online bank accounts — but my first and most-used of these accounts comes from Discover Bank. So let’s dive into what advantages online institutions offer as well as what I like about Discover Bank specifically.

What Online-Only Banks Have to Offer

The way I’ve utilized my checking account over the past few years isn’t exactly normal or smart. Aside from receiving my direct deposit and being used to pay rent, it basically acts a slush fund for my wife and me that just sits there until we need it. That’s not a terrible idea but, then again, it doesn’t earn us anything either. That’s why I decided it would be better to open a real savings account that would at least get us some interest. Brick and Mortar Rates

Way back when the notion that I should be setting up a real savings account occurred to me, my first thought was to just open a new savings account with Wells Fargo or perhaps a local bank in my area. However I was shocked to learn that unless you have some serious bucks — we’re talking five figures here — you would only get a .01% interest rate on your account. Really?

I knew savings account rates were low but I didn’t know they were that low. Luckily internet banks offer much better rates.

Internet Bank Rates

At the time that I was first looking at online banking options, savings account interest rates were already 100 times better than most big institutions, with APYs north of 1%. As great as that sounds, these days those figures have more than doubled. In the case of my Discover Bank savings account, my current APY is 2.10% while other popular options such as Synchrony are up to 2.25%.

Why I Went with Discover Considering that the goal was to earn as much interest as possible, you may be wondering why I didn’t go with Synchrony, which tends to offer slightly higher rates than Discover. Truth be told, my main reason was that I already had a Discover It credit card and have been pretty impressed with my experience. I figured that having my credit card and other bank accounts under one roof made things easier and I seem to have been right about that. In fact, since the time that I first joined Discover Bank, they’ve upgraded their system so that you can access both credit and banking products with a single login where you previously needed separate usernames and passwords.

The Benefits and Drawbacks of Internet Banks

First a big plus: unlike many too-big-to-fail banks, Discover Bank and many of their ilk don’t charge a maintenance fee or mandate a minimum daily balance. Moreover various online institutions have different policies regarding overdraft fees, with some waiving such penalties in all situations and others like Discover reimbursing your first fine each year. Plus, just like regular bank accounts, online bank accounts are FDIC insured (or at least they should be — make sure to do your due diligence on an institution before joining).

As for the downsides, there’s no question that some will be concerned about the lack of a physical branch to go to. Personally, I rely so much on banking apps that I hardly remember the last time I visited a brick and mortar location. That said, the inability to deposit cash or a check in an ATM does mean that it can take longer to get your money into your account. In the case of cash, you may even have to rely on your “big bank” account to deposit the cash before transferring to your online account. Such delays mean you’ll need to think ahead if you’re actively using these accounts to pay bills — but hopefully you’ll be able to work out the kinks with some practice.

My Experience With Discover Bank

It’s now been a couple of years since I joined Discover Bank and, overall, it’s been a great experience. As I mentioned, during this time, my APY has continued to rise, so that’s a definite plus. However I’ve also noticed a few changes to my accounts over time that have been both good and, well, less than great. Let’s take a closer look at not only my Discover Bank savings account but also my checking account.

Cash Back Checking Exists

Funny enough, when I first joined Discover, I didn’t just open a savings account — I actually opened a checking account as well. That’s because Discover Bank offers cash back checking, which I thought would be a nice addition to my banking line-up. At the time the deal was that users would earn $.10 back for each debit transaction, check written, and more. I managed to maximize these dime bonuses by only using my debit card for transactions that were under a $1 and then transferring my acquired earnings to my Discover It card’s cash back stockpile.

Unfortunately Discover has since changed the structure of their cash back checking program, now offering 1% back on all debit card purchases. Admittedly this doesn’t do much for me as my Discover It card offers the same and other credit cards I have do even better. That said, this is probably the better program overall and could be perfect for those who either cannot qualify for a rewards credit cards or wouldn’t trust themselves with one.

Despite the structural change, as time has gone on, my Discover Bank has practically become my primary checking account. In fact it’s where I write my rent checks from. To that point, a few months ago, I also got to see how Discover’s “First Fee Forgiveness” program works as a mixup with my landlord resulted in an overdraft fee (that’s when I learned that postdated checks aren’t a thing). Although a $30 fee did briefly post to my account, a $30 credit was quickly issued since this was my first — and hopefully last — infraction. This was such a relief and made what turned out to be a frustrating situation at least a little bit better. Plus I can only imagine how much such a mistake would have cost me had it happened at a regular bank without such generous policies.

No Branch? No Problem

To be honest, the initial reason I decided to sign up for the checking account was because Discover debit cards offer access to (apparently) more than 60,000 ATMs without a fee. Since there’s not a Wells Fargo within a few hundred miles of my home I thought it would be wise for me to have a backup plan. Sure this whole plan only saves me a couple of dollars per withdrawal but everything adds up.

Like many banks, Discover’s app also allows you to deposit checks into your savings or checking account just by taking a photo of it. You can also sign up for various bill pay options, although I have yet to explore those despite the length of time I’ve had my accounts (so I really can’t speak to how that works.) Lastly, you can easily transfer money between your external and internal accounts using the app or website, so there’s really is no need for a branch.

Other Advantages

A lot of what I liked about the Discover It card’s app also applies to the Discover Bank account. First the bank’s widget looks great in the iOS Today Screen and gives me at-a-glance updates on my balances. Additionally one of the upgrades that came to Discover’s debit cards when they added chips is that they are now supported in Apple Pay. As I mentioned, Discover Bank has also integrated with Discover credit cards, allowing you to see all of your accounts in the same place.

A Few Initial Issues

While I’m pretty satisfied with my account experience overall, there were a couple of problems I had when setting up my accounts forever ago. First, when signing up on the website, I was shown my account numbers and then presented with the option to register my accounts for online access. There was just one problem: clicking the button took me away from the page with my account numbers and there was no way back to them.

I assumed this wouldn’t be a big deal as surely they must have sent me an email confirmation, right? Sadly, no — aside from that initial confirmation page I had no other way of knowing if my accounts were actually even opened until several hours later when I was notified that my funding transfers had gone through. This should have been relieving but, since none of these emails contained my full account numbers, I was now sending money to accounts I couldn’t access. To be fair, I could have called their helpline to retrieve the info I needed, but I instead opted just to wait until my paperwork arrived in the mail.

Obviously this wasn’t exactly a deal breaker but I could see others being much more frustrated by such a situation than I was. I can also see some being upset that, in order to transfer between an external account and your Discover Bank account on the app, you must first add the external account information on the website. Again, not a huge deal but it is a little less elegant than you might want.

With all that said, this was several years ago now and was prior to a round of upgrades on Discover’s part. Therefore I can only hope that whatever issues plagued me so many months ago have now been resolved. Considering I haven’t run into any issues since, I’m thinking they just might be.

Final Thoughts on Discover Bank

There’s no doubt about it: bringing my savings to internet banking accounts was among the smartest money moves I’ve made. No longer am I letting my cash just sit in a checking account doing nothing. Instead I’m earning interest, which has also encouraged to save even more.

Beyond the increase in APY, on the whole, I’d say Discover Bank has improved even since my initially positive review. The merging of credit and banking accounts, sleeker debit card, and Apple Pay support have all been welcomed additions — even if my little $.10 trick no longer works. Furthermore, having found myself fallible and accidentally bouncing a check, it was great to see the bank’s First Fee Forgiveness save the day.

For all of those reasons, even though I now have other online bank accounts including Aspiration, my Discover Bank accounts are still my most used. With a current savings APY of 2.10%, I’ve found this to be the perfect place to house my emergency fund and other extra cash. So, if you’re looking for a better bank account to supplement what you currently have or want to get away from the big banks, I’d definitely recommend looking into what Discover Bank has to offer.

The post Why It Pays to “Discover” Online Banking appeared first on Dyer News.

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thomasalwyndavis · 6 years ago

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New Science On Teen Sleep You NEED To Know

The article New Science On Teen Sleep You NEED To Know Find more on: Thomas Alwyn Davis

I’m a parent of two teenagers, a boy, 16 and now driving, and a girl, 14. They’re full of energy (just not so much first thing in morning) and they’re busy all day long. School, sports, music, friends – their jam-packed schedules and wide-ranging interests make for lots of long days and nights.

I’m The Sleep Doctor—and getting my teens to sleep as much as their growing bodies and minds need is a challenge. If you’re a parent of a teenager, I’m right there with you in the trenches.

We’ve been learning a lot of important new information about teens’ sleep in recent weeks. I thought I’d bring that information together in one place, to take a closer look at some new details that are important for every parent to know.

A quick primer on teens’ sleep

Before we dive into the latest science on sleep in teens, it’s important to remember that teen sleep works differently than adult sleep. It’s also different from the sleep patterns that teenagers had as younger children. Teenage sleep is a unique time in the sleep lifecycle.

When boys and girls hit puberty, the timing of their biological clocks begins a dramatic shift toward a preference for evenings, a shift that lasts throughout adolescence. Teens’ bio clocks are delayed by much as two hours or more. They are true Wolves, based on my archetypes from my book, The Power of When. Their bodies start producing the sleep hormone melatonin later in the evenings—usually around 11 p.m. And melatonin levels stay elevated later in the mornings, which is why they are so hard to wake up!

Biologically, teens are programmed to be up and alert later at night and less awake in the morning. That puts their natural, biological sleep at odds with social time—particularly on school days. A teen who has to get up at 6:30 a.m. for school is equivalent to an adult who needs to get up for work at 4:30 a.m., or earlier.

This biological-social clash for teens puts them especially at risk for sleep deprivation. During the school week, teens may lose as much as 2-3 hours of sleep a night. Biological clocks typically begin a shift back to earlier timing around the age of 20. But the years of adolescence can bring prolonged sleep deprivation during a critical time of physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development. During teenage years, the brain continues to undergo significant development—and sleep is essential fuel for that developmental growth.

Teenagers a sleeping less than a generation ago

Teen sleep amounts have been on the decline for decades. A first-of-its-kind, nationally representative study of teen sleep in the US found that teenagers’ sleep dropped significantly over a 21-year period from 1991-2012, with only about half of teenagers reporting sleeping 7 hours a night or more. The study also found that older teens reported sleeping less than younger teens, and that girls were more likely to report sleeping less than 7 hours a night than boys.

There is no single magic number that is the exact right amount of sleep for all teenagers. As with sleep throughout our lives, individual sleep needs vary. It’s important to be alert to the signs of sleep deprivation rather than to focus too narrowly on a nightly number. That said, the National Sleep Foundation recommends that teenagers 14-17 need somewhere in the range of 8-10 hours of sleep a night. (Young adults ages 18-25 need 7-9 hours.)

With so many teens not even reaching 7 hours of nightly rest, it’s clear there’s widespread sleep deprivation among our teenagers today. And as some of the latest research demonstrates, that can have serious health consequences for teens.

Poor sleep in teens boosts heart and diabetes risks

A brand-new study on teens’ sleep shows that both the quality and the quantity of their nightly rest may have a significant impact on their heart and metabolic health. The study, published in the journal Pediatrics, looked at sleep amounts and sleep quality in more than 800 teenagers, and analyzed how sleep habits affected important markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health.

They found nearly a third of teens in the study slept less than 7 hours a night. And many of the teenagers had low sleep efficiency scores, a key indicator of poor sleep quality. Sleep efficiency is a measurement of time spent fully asleep compared to total time spent in bed. If your teen spent 10 hours in bed and 9 of those hours fully asleep, her sleep efficiency score would be 90 percent. A threshold sleep efficiency score is 85 percent. At that number or higher, sleep quality is considered fair—or better, as the number goes higher. In this new study, researchers the median sleep efficiency score was 84 percent—meaning half of all teens were no higher than 84, and not quite reaching the low end of a healthy sleep efficiency range.

Scientists then looked at how sleep quantity and sleep quality affected what is known as a metabolic risk score. That’s a score tabulated from measurements of:

Blood pressure

Cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Waist circumference

Insulin resistance

As its name suggests, a higher metabolic risk score indicates greater risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and diabetes. The scientists found teens who slept longer and experienced higher sleep quality (sleep efficiency) had lower metabolic risk scores. On the other hand, teens who slept less and had lower sleep efficiency scored higher for metabolic risk. These teenagers were more likely to have larger waist circumferences, higher blood pressure, higher cholesterol, and higher fat mass.

Here’s a key detail: The scientists took into account other factors in teens’ lives that might increase their metabolic risk, apart from sleep. In their analysis, they factored for diet, television watching, and levels of physical activity. Independent of these factors, sleep amount and sleep quality affected teens’ metabolic risk.

We’ve seen substantial evidence showing the connection between poor sleep and obesity in teens. This new research goes further, giving us more detailed information about the risks to heart health and metabolic health that teens face if they don’t get enough high-quality sleep.

Teen girls more negatively affected by sleep loss than boys?

Sleep deprivation and poor-quality sleep are harmful for all teens. But new research suggests that adolescent girls may be more affected by lack of sleep than boys. Canadian scientists looked at possible gender differences in sleep’s impact on teenagers’ daily functioning. They found teenager girls were more likely than boys to:

Have a harder time staying awake in class, in the morning and afternoon

Have more trouble staying awake to do homework

Feel less motivated about school

Miss school as a result of feeling tired

Feel too tired to spend time with friends

Take naps on the weekends

The results of this study are preliminary, and I’ll be interested to see what the full results show. I’ve long been interested in the gender differences related to sleep. This remains an under-studied aspect of sleep science that could have tremendous impact on how we understand and treat sleep. We need more research exploring the differences in the way gender influences how children, teens and adults experience sleep.

We know from other research that teenage girls appear to be at greater risk for sleep deficiency than teenage boys. We need to pay attention to all our teens’ sleep—while also recognizing that boys and girls may face different needs and challenges when it comes to staying rested and able to function at their best.

Is sleep loss behind screen-time-related depression in teens?

I talked recently about a new study that points to sleep problems as the key link between teens’ screen time and an increased risk for depressive symptoms. Researchers at several universities collaborated on a study which found that poor sleep explained the association between greater amounts of screen time and higher rates of depressive symptoms in teenagers. Essentially, the scientists found that teens who spent more time looking at screens got less sleep, and that lack of sleep led to greater risk for depressive symptoms.

The study looked at four different types of screen time: social media messaging, web surfing, watching TV and movies, and gaming. Different types of screen time had different relationships to depressive symptoms: social messaging was less strongly connected to depressive symptoms than gaming. And sleep only partially accounted for depressive symptoms in gaming, according to the study’s analysis. But greater amounts of all four types of screen time were linked to higher rates of depressive symptoms in teens, with sleep appearing to play a significant or determinative role.

As I said a few weeks ago, I think depressive symptoms are likely to be a result of several factors—sleep deprivation via screen time being one significant one. We’ve seen rapidly accumulating evidence of just how much screen time cuts into sleep for teens. There’s really no question that the light and stimulation from screens can interfere with teens’ (and adults’) ability to get enough high-quality, restful sleep. But we’re still working to unravel the very complex relationship between depression, technology, and sleep.

How to help teens sleep better

I’ll start with the screen time issue. Setting enforceable limits around technology and sleep with teenagers is important. Charging phones overnight outside the bedroom is a good one. That keeps them from middle-of-the-night texting that can truly sink their sleep. Even with that limit in place, teens are likely to have their heads in screens, watching YouTube or Snapchatting, long after we’d ideally have them stash their phones for the night. I recommend having your teens wear Swanwick Glasses for evening, pre-bed screen time. These are terrific, comfortable, blue-light-blocking glasses. I use them when I need to look at screens at night (which I typically avoid). They’re a great way to make a reasonable compromise with your teens you both can live (and sleep) with.

Here is a recent guide to my strategies for parents (and grandparents) to use helping teens get more sleep. I will say I think it is important to engage teens in the process of making a sleep plan. Nothing stirs rebellion like a rule handed down without discussion or explanation. You can’t force a teenager to sleep. And it doesn’t make sense to tell a teen to “go to bed” at 9:30 p.m., when in most cases, their bodies just won’t let them fall asleep. Talk with your teens about the bigger picture—how the things they want to achieve in life are fueled by sleep. Even better, get a trusted adult who isn’t the parent—like a doctor or school counselor—to have that conversation.

And keep advocating for later school start times in your community! Even a modest shift to later morning start times is consistently shown to make a real difference for teens, both in their sleep and their classroom performance. Just this spring, new research was released showing that middle school students who started school at 8 a.m. rather than 7:20 got more sleep on school nights and felt less tired and more alert in class.

We’ve got to do all we can to help teenagers get the sleep they need today, and help them establish strong sleep habits they can take with them throughout their lives.

Sweet Dreams,

Michael J. Breus, PhD, DABSM

The Sleep Doctor

www.thesleepdoctor.com

The post New Science On Teen Sleep You NEED To Know appeared first on Your Guide to Better Sleep.

from Blog | Your Guide to Better Sleep https://www.thesleepdoctor.com/2018/07/10/new-science-on-teen-sleep-you-need-to-know/

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theleagueminimum-blog · 6 years ago

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Can You Really Find Love with Dating Apps?

The online dating revolution started more than a decade ago with numerous success stories emerging month after month. However, despite all the happily ever afters, there is still a lot of stigma and criticism towards internet romance. Skeptics simply do not think that you can find love on a dating app with the few success stories being dismissed as flukes.

Are they right? Is online dating a huge waste of time with no chances of success? Or is it the key to finding true love in a day and age where life seems to be in fast-forward mode? Below is all you need to know about the skeptics’ points of view and why they are all so tragically wrong.

What makes online dating so hard?

To be honest, claims made by critics against online dating are not entirely without merit. Online dating is hard and has a significant failure rate. This is because as with offline relationships, it has its fair share of setbacks. And these setbacks make it difficult for people to actually succeed in finding love online and forming lasting relationships.

Here are 5 of the most important online dating challenges:

1. It takes time to find the perfect match

The internet might make it easy to find connections quickly, but this is not a guarantee that it will be a perfect match. This is one of the most frustrating things about online dating. You think you have escaped the long wait only to find yourself draining yourself of the very last drops of patience trying to find that right person for you.

2. It is basically like a long-distance relationship

Another major challenge that affects the success of online dating is distance. People often underestimate the power of physical contact in relationships, especially with mobile dating apps such as AmoLatina.com. Flirty texts and hour-long phone calls can only sustain your relationship so long. If you do not invest in getting to know each other offline and in person, chances are that your relationship might not survive the distance.

3. It is a new concept we are still getting used to

Online dating might be a few decades old, but we still haven’t gotten the hang of it. What is acceptable? What is unacceptable? What is your role? There are so many unanswered questions about this mystery and uncertainty contributes to the skeptics’ case. The fact that there seems to be no protocol or definite way of doing things limits chances of success with online dating.

Maybe you have a direct style and would prefer to go straight into asking someone out than wasting time with small talk. If your matches do not feel that this is how online dating should work, then you will have problems. This is just an example from many other discrepancies in people’s opinions of exactly how the process should work. And the differences do not exactly make match-finding easier.

4. Too many people are in it for casual flings

This is a challenge that people who are looking for serious long-term relationships face. A lot of online dating services have become platforms for casual hookups and short-term flings. It is not what they were designed for, but it is definitely what people have turned them into. You might, therefore, be in for a rude shock if you go to some of these websites looking for a lifelong partner.

5. The cognitive overload phenomenon

Have you ever gone to the supermarket and found yourself stuck in one aisle because you just couldn’t decide which of the two cereal brands to pick? Yeah, that is exactly what online dating is like, only on a larger scale. Having options is a great thing. However, it can also be the reason why you aren’t finding love online. Having so many profiles to browse and people to choose from could overload your brain. This makes it hard to form real connections as you are always distracted and wondering whether there is someone better out there.

Overcoming the challenges in 3 simple steps

So far one thing is clear; online dating is hard. However, this does not in any way mean that you cannot really find love on these platforms. The good news is that to every argument made by skeptics there is an effective solution. Below are a few of these that should help you get the most out of these dating apps and services for your own success story.

• Know what you want and be clear about it

Defining the desired nature of the relationship you are looking for is very important. There is nothing wrong with wanting a casual fling. There is also nothing wrong with wanting the real deal with a successful offline relationship and the whole package. You need to be confident in your choices and also ready to share your expectations with anyone you are interested in.

Being honest about this is the best way to ensure that you not only get what you want but also avoid disappointment. It also helps you narrow down to sites that will offer you exactly what you want.

• Be patient

Love takes time. It doesn’t matter whether you met on a Latin dating website or at the local library. Patience allows you to take your time getting to know people you met online. Get to know who they are, what they like and whether or not you would like to date them in real life. That way, you will not pressure yourself or rush into settling with someone who will not really make you happy.

• Use intelligent matchmaking

This will help solve the cognitive overload problem. If you are tired of being spoilt for choice, then consider online dating apps and websites with intelligent matchmaking services. These narrow things down for you, allowing you to interact with singles who would most likely be your perfect match. Most of these services require you to fill out forms and personality test sheets to make their job easier and a lot more successful.

Can you really find love on online dating apps?

The answer is YES in all caps, highlighted and underlined. You can and will find love on online dating apps. All you have to do is be smart about your approach. Figure out what you want, put yourself out there and be patient as your online cupids work their magic.

The post Can You Really Find Love with Dating Apps? appeared first on Loving Community.

Source: https://loving-community.com/can-you-really-find-love-with-dating-apps/

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controledavida · 7 years ago

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See Testimonials Of People who Did Or Will Do The Evaluation Of Purchase And Know very well what The Aspiring Legal professionals Presume On the State

Learners and regulation graduates are dissatisfied along with the Evaluation of Buy, evidence of your Brazilian Bar Affiliation (OAB), which grants to individuals accepted the mandatory registration with the observe of legislation. The controversial factors encompassing the choice comply with. To close the sequence, stick to testimonies that sort a mosaic with the various profiles of students and bachelors in Legislation of Brazil. In most cases, they are significant on the examination. Ambiguous troubles, deficiency of transparency inside practice, subjective standards from the correction, minimal time for resolution and expensive registration rate are some of your details lifted. While acknowledging the importance of some kind of prior collection for long term lawyers, the exaggerated degree of problem from the proof may be a recurring notion, even among the individuals that have currently been accepted and defended. This high volume of demand from customers provides on the anguish to enter the labor sector and family unit stress with the elements which make the path to the occupation all the more intricate.

To view more check out curso preparatorio oab See reports and what learners and regulation learners feel: Norma Desireé Barbosa Fortini, 27, celebrates graduation with her husband, but can't get an OAB I've a legislation degree from PUC-RS, but I do the job as a specialist at Natura I did the OAB exam 4 days, but I did not go through to your second period very almost. Missed two or three hits. It is challenging to have a work only that has a diploma, for the reason that they want the lawyer's or trainee's license. Even a law graduate from PUC-RS, I work being a marketing consultant for Natura, earning R$ five hundred. The market is rather saturated in Porto Alegre and it has offices that shell out a lot less than a minimum amount salary. With every disapproval we wear out and decrease our self-esteem. I get myself a dumb individual, but I'm not, due to the fact I did five years of fine faculty, graduation give good results and protection with banking. Being a stockbroker, he needed to accomplish perfectly. I finished the PUC-RS having to pay R$ one,250 regular (while not a scholarship could be R$ 2,five hundred). I've skill, I am aware the material, though the difficulties in the take a look at may be very good. They make an evaluation to go as couple of individuals as you can. It truly is for the amount of a public contest, when it will need to only attest that you've the chance to advocate. Isn't going to quit. I would like a community defender, community prosecutor, I would like for being a decide. This is my desire and that i will get there. But for this I need to advocate for a minimum of two decades. I got pregnant inside previous calendar year of college and right now I have a little daughter to lift. I would like to concentrate on my studies to go this blessed check, but you'll find it very hard to focus on missing diapers for the daughter. " Norma Desireé Barbosa Fortini, 27 years previous, holds a bachelor's degree in Regulation, graduated in 2009 from PUC-RS The OAB portfolio is not any warranty that you just can make cash "I am retired, former metalworker and now I operate as actual estate broker. I made a decision to carry out Legislation as a result of I needed to possess a better degree. The program will help me in my latest occupation, during the documentation part, to explain the civil spot for the clientele. I have to do the following OAB examination, and that is open up, but I will not concur along with the test. They wish to appraise my five years of school in two examinations. I've much better finance ailments than several classmates, but I find the amount abusive. For me the exam is nickel-hunter and would not assistance us at all. The low standard of acceptance of Uniban would not worry me. In this particular last challenge, I acquired that four for the 100 college students in my course have handed. I do think most people don't need to become a lawyer. Everybody knows the OAB portfolio is not any make sure that it's going to earn a living. " When 3 failed attempts to obtain the Order's file, Rafael Alencastro Moll, twenty five, is performing course. “I've been on the workplace for four several years and experienced anything about the exam I've rarely seen. I've worked in a regulation business seeing that I up and running university. I listened to most people say it absolutely was tricky, nonetheless it was only once i commenced to take the exams which i realized how complicated they genuinely were. I have attempted three days. In all, I appear close, but I you should not attain the grade to maneuver to the second phase. You can find a good deal within the test that we do not see in college ideal, they're finding a great deal of details that we don't really use in exercise. I've been with the business four decades ago and there was a thing there that i never ever noticed. I'd not finished faculty, but now I'm accomplishing it. It can be encouraging a great deal. I believe the Examination of Get is vital to give a particular a single, you'll find plenty of people unprepared for there. You will find several schools that aren't truly serious. The examination need to consider the prospect, but I feel they can be undertaking greater than that, nearly a contest. "

To understand more data see curso para passar na oab I examined at Unip and handed first "I graduated last 12 months and passed the first try on the OAB exam. I used to be blessed and i could also rely on the spouse and children. My father and mother are legal professionals, I interned within their offices, and i experienced the assistance to become in a position to devote myself thoroughly to my scientific tests. I believe other careers appropriate for the public curiosity, just like Engineering and Drugs, ought to have an OAB assessment. The exam charges quite a lot of decoreba from the law and could demand a small extra legal analysis. My college or university doesn't have a fantastic passing price, but it has beneficial lecturers, fantastic actual physical construction, an geared up library, and that i experienced access to the many guides I needed to compose my monograph. " In my day, it absolutely was not needed to take a split. Presently, the test is more tricky. "I took the OAB exam when I completed school, and that i handed to start with. I took the initial examination of Cespe (Heart for Variety and Advertising of Gatherings, accountable for the evaluation until finally 2009), which was well prepared by Vunesp, due to the annulment of examination 134. The exam consists exactly in everything you you should not study in higher education, considerably less in São Francisco (Law-USP), whose concentrate is definitely the humanistic development belonging to the jurist. The understanding in the dogmatic issues, for functions of general public examinations and use in the qualified job, is fruit for the software of your university student, and always are going to be. USP sorts jurists with zero cost, unbiased imagining. To the other hand, the downside of San Francisco certainly is the lack of didactics of some academics, who will not transmit primary knowledge of the subjects, regardless of remaining fantastic industry experts. In my day, it absolutely was not important to have a crack. Nowadays, I think the check is a lot more troublesome, necessitating far more precise practical knowledge. The evaluation must be managed for the reason that, from your legal point of view, there's no offense in opposition to the Constitution. From the sensible standpoint, the examination prevents semi-literates from moving into a vocation during which producing skillsets and basic awareness of legislation are very important. And through examination these specifications could very well be verified. It is far from like in medicine, the place the pro has passed a proof of home. A bachelors diploma in regulation extremely needs to be examined in advance of having the ability to exercise regulation. " Riccardo Napoli, 26, an attorney graduated on the College of São Paulo (USP) in 2007. João Paulo Gonçalvez did a two-year course and passed the next attempt to the OAB The evidence has got to exist, nonetheless it will have to be fair. "I nevertheless do not know if I am going to be a lawyer, as a result of I continually preferred to be a delegate." When I graduated, I took an interest in law apply, and that i made a decision to give the Exam for the reason that I believe it will eventually get alot more and much more problematic. nevertheless it should be fair.I think that the correction for the second section exams, which happens to be subjective, is ambiguous.The assessments are difficult, these are not middleman.You can get lots of lousy schools and also the condition must get accountability, to judge additional and to advance their level to forestall consumers from shelling out 5 years researching after which not with the ability to enter the job.Nevertheless the proof within the Get will need to exist yes, I believe even all professions ought to have a similar evaluation.I went on the second attempt.I double-takeed and that i believe that which was important to immediate my studies for the test, but it's to paint critical subjects even because the courses are superficial. For me, the person's mind-set on the day of the test also counts m The second time I took the exam, I used to be very calm, I used to be able to consider far better and did every thing. " I do the full approach, I just really do not indicator "I concluded the Regulation system in 2008 and have currently supplied the Purchase Test 3 instances, but I was not permitted. I belonged into the team defending the test, but after i experienced obtain with the wonderful thoughts and opinions within the Deputy Legal professional Normal Rodrigo Janot Monteiro de Barros, who asked for his unconstitutionality, I confess that i changed my head (the point of view was sent for the Federal Supreme Court, which evaluation this 12 months). In my last examination, the OAB demanded inside the next section an item that even the judiciary would not need with the lawyers, the lawful basis citation (the document of legislation) to instruct the answers for the experienced exercise take a look at. I shed two.8 details on account of that in a race really worth 10 factors. I am absolutely certain which i am in good shape and capable to defend someone. I do the entire method, I just usually do not signal. An alternative colleague signs. The OAB has elevated the degree of issues relatively compared to the time for resolution. I invested 4 hours performing only the piece and continue to experienced the essay queries with letters a, b, c. In exercise, the law firm has at a minimum 5 days to produce a bit. I recognize that the a great deal more you research, the more you question oneself and question. And it is a whole lot of 'banana peel' they put you to definitely slip. Very a whole lot ambiguity, two-way troubles. There are actually various details of perspective in legislation and you simply never know which inspecting financial institution to abide by. I'm talking to our colleagues: we're not researching to work at NASA. "

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