#what does india export to the us

[exportersworldb2b]

Major products export from usa to india- Ultimate Guide by Exporters Worlds

Introduction

India and the United States share a strong trade relationship that has grown significantly over the years. With exports reaching $73.8 billion in 2024, India continues to be a key supplier of various products to the U.S. market. From pharmaceuticals to textiles, Indian exports play a vital role in multiple American industries, catering to both businesses and consumers. In this article, we will explore the top Major products export from usa to india and their impact on the American economy.

1. Indian Spices

Indian spices are famous worldwide for their rich flavors and health benefits. The U.S. imports a significant quantity of Indian spices like turmeric, cumin, cardamom, and black pepper. These spices are essential in American kitchens, food processing industries, and even health supplements. India’s dominance in the global spice market ensures a steady supply of high-quality, aromatic spices to the U.S.

2. Pharmaceuticals

India is one of the largest suppliers of generic medicines to the United States. Indian pharmaceutical companies provide high-quality yet affordable medicines, making healthcare more accessible to Americans. The U.S. relies heavily on India for essential drugs, including antibiotics, pain relievers, and life-saving medicines. India’s pharmaceutical exports are known for their compliance with international safety and quality standards, reinforcing trust in its products.

3. Textiles and Apparel

The Indian textile industry is one of the oldest and most globally recognized sectors. The U.S. imports a wide range of Indian textiles, including cotton yarn, garments, and home furnishings. Indian-made apparel is popular among American consumers due to its high quality, affordability, and sustainability. With India accounting for 15% of the world's textile exports, the U.S. remains a major destination for Indian textile products.

4. Gems and Jewelry

India is a leading exporter of gems and jewelry, with the U.S. being one of its biggest markets. Indian-cut diamonds, gold jewelry, and handcrafted gemstones are highly valued in America. The sector has a market value of over $40 billion, making it the second-largest commodity exported from India to the U.S. Indian craftsmanship, combined with modern technology, ensures premium-quality jewelry that appeals to American buyers.

5. Automobile Parts

India has established itself as a reliable exporter of automobile parts and components. American automotive industries rely on India for high-quality yet cost-effective components like engine parts, gears, and brake systems. Indian manufacturers are known for their precision engineering and adherence to global quality standards, making them a preferred choice for U.S. automakers.

6. Agricultural Products

The U.S. imports a variety of Indian agricultural products, including tea, coffee, spices, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Indian mangoes, okra, and ginger are particularly popular in American markets. India is the largest producer and exporter of ginger and okra, making it a key player in supplying these products to the U.S. The demand for Indian organic and non-GMO agricultural products is also on the rise in the American market.

7. Engineering Goods

India’s export of engineering goods, including industrial machinery, tools, and equipment, has grown substantially in recent years. The U.S. imports various engineering products from India, benefiting from their durability, cost-effectiveness, and technological advancements. Indian manufacturers continue to innovate and improve their engineering capabilities, strengthening their presence in the American market.

8. Leather Products

Indian leather products, such as footwear, bags, belts, and accessories, are in high demand in the U.S. market. Indian leather goods are known for their premium quality, skilled craftsmanship, and affordability. The U.S. imports a substantial amount of leather products from India, supporting businesses in the fashion, retail, and accessories industries.

9. Organic and Natural Products

With the increasing focus on health and sustainability, the demand for Indian organic and natural products in the U.S. has grown rapidly. Herbal supplements, natural cosmetics, and organic foods from India are gaining popularity among American consumers. India’s rich tradition in Ayurveda and holistic wellness contributes to its strong presence in the organic product market.

10. Information Technology Services

India is a global leader in IT services and software solutions, and the U.S. is its biggest client. Indian IT companies provide software development, cybersecurity, cloud computing, and IT consulting services to American businesses. The cost-effective and skilled workforce in India ensures high-quality IT solutions, making Indian tech exports a crucial part of the U.S. digital economy.

Conclusion

India plays a vital role in supplying high-quality and diverse products to the U.S. market. From pharmaceuticals and textiles to gems and engineering goods, Indian exports contribute significantly to various American industries. The trade relationship between the two countries continues to strengthen, providing opportunities for further growth.

At Exporters Worlds, we are your dedicated partner in success, connecting buyers with suppliers through our top B2B marketplace globally. If you're looking to import from India to the USA or export to the USA from India, we help businesses find the right partners to thrive in the global trade market.

[metamatar]

In 1975, civilian nuclear technology was part of a worldwide strategy to bring the Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries (OPEC) to heel. That body’s power seemed unprecedented, given that most of its countries were historically impoverished or “backward” peoples. [...]

Many developing countries did adopt nuclear technologies, often with crucial parts of their national infrastructures relying on American and European expertise, equipment, and fuel. Rather than seeing liberation from nature, such countries faced renewed forms of dependence. Iran certainly never gained reliable access to uranium and did not become the economic miracle envisioned by Ansari back in 1975. Instead of lifting up the poorer nations of the world, the global nuclear order seemed structured in ways reminiscent of the colonial era. The most heated debates within the IAEA pitted the nuclear weapons states against the so-called LDCs—less developed countries. The agency never became a storehouse for fission products. Instead, one of its primary functions was to monitor an arms control treaty—the Treaty 4 on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. By the end of the century, the IAEA was referred to as a “watchdog,” known for its cadre of inspectors. In 2003, IAEA inspections were crucial talking points in public debates about the invasion of Iraq by the United States [...] evidence gathered over the years by the agency created for the peaceful atom was being interpreted by the United States government as justification for military intervention. [...]

Focusing only on arms control glosses over the domestic politics of nuclear programs, particularly the role of high technology as symbols of state power and legitimacy. But it also does not square with what scholars of the Cold War have been pointing out for decades—that governments, especially the United States, deployed science and technology as diplomatic tools, to achieve feats of prestige, to shape business arrangements, to conduct clandestine surveillance, or to bind countries together with technical assistance programs. Poorer countries’ dreams of modernization, of using advanced technology to escape hunger, poverty, and the constraints of nature—these were the stock-in-trade of US diplomacy. Why, then, should we imagine that the promises connected to peaceful uses of atomic energy were any less saturated with geopolitical maneuvers and manipulation? [...]

American officials in the late 1940s and early 1950s were very worried that commercial nuclear power would siphon off supplies of uranium and monazite needed for the weapons arsenal. So they explicitly played down the possibility of electricity generation from atomic energy and instead played up the importance of radioisotopes for medicine and agriculture—because such radioisotopes were byproducts of the US weapons arsenal and did not compete with it. The kinds of technologies promoted in the developing world by the United States, the USSR, and Europeans thus seemed neocolonial, keeping the former colonies as sites of resource extraction—a fact noticed, and resented, by government officials in India, Brazil, and elsewhere. Mutation plant breeding, irradiation for insect control or food sterilization, and radioisotope studies in fertilizer—these were oriented toward food and export commodities and public health, problems indistinguishable from those of the colonial era. These were not the same kinds of technologies embraced by the global North, which focused on electricity generation through nuclear reactors, often as a hedge against the rising political power of petroleum-producing states in the Middle East. By the mid-1960s and 1970s, the United States and Europe did offer nuclear reactors even to some of the most politically volatile nations, as part of an effort to ensure access to oil. Convincing petroleum suppliers of their dire future need for nuclear reactors was part of a strategy to regain geopolitical leverage. Despite the moniker “peaceful atom,” these technologies were often bundled in trade deals with fighter jets, tanks, and other military hardware [...]

By the close of the century, two competing environmental narratives were plainly in use. One was critical of atomic energy, drawing on scientific disputes about the public health effects of radiation, the experience of nuclear accidents such as Three Mile Island (1979) and Chernobyl (1986), or the egregious stories of public health injustice—including negligence in protecting uranium miners or the wanton destruction and contamination of indigenous peoples’ homelands. In contrast was the narrative favored by most governments, depicting nuclear technology in a messianic role, promising not only abundant food, water, and electricity, but also an end to atmospheric pollution and climate change. [...]

As other scholars have noted, the IAEA tried to maintain a reputation of being primarily a technical body, devoid of politics. But it had numerous political uses. For example, it was a forum for intelligence gathering, as routinely noted by American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) documents. It also outmaneuvered the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization in the early 1960s and was able to assert an authoritative voice playing down public health dangers from atomic energy. Further, it provided a vehicle for countries to stay engaged in atomic energy affairs even if they did not sign on to the non-proliferation treaty—India, Pakistan, and Israel most notably. It provided apartheid-era South Africa with a means of participating in international affairs when other bodies ousted it because of its blatantly racist policies. By the same token, it gave the Americans and Europeans political cover for continuing to engage with South Africa, an important uranium supplier.

Introduction to The Wretched Atom, Jacob Hamlin

[elbiotipo]

If you're from Argentina, you've probably heard about the Iberá wetlands, and you know the tourist pitch: a vast expanse of natural wonders in the middle of Corrientes, full of beautiful lapachos, cute carpinchos and yacarés, and now home to the fastest-growing wild yaguareté population, all with the unique Guaraní influenced culture of rural Corrientes.

Now, things aren't as shiny as they look, since the creation and management of the new national park is still a point of contention in many ways, but you will be suprised that this kind of thinking about the Iberá is very, very recent. Most people considered it an obstacle to progress, a big bunch of swamp in the middle of what could be a very productive ranching province. In a geography book from the 1910s (unfortunately I lost the screencap) it says something like "the biggest obstacle for the development of the province is this swamp, and it should be drained"

This took me to the other side of the world, to the Netherlands. They're known for land reclamation, from literally building their country from the sea. Especially when we're facing rising sea levels because of climate change, the Dutch seem like miracle workers, a look into our future. You will find no shortage of praise about how with some windmills and dams, the Dutch took land "from the sea", and turned it into quaint little polders, making a tiny country in Europe a food exporter and don't they look so nice? But when you look about it, you can barely find anything about what came before those polders. You have to dig and dig to find any mentions of not "sea", but of complex tidal marshes and wetlands, things I've learned are ecologically diverse and protected in many places, but you won't find people talking about that at all when talking about the Netherlands. It's all just polders now. What came before was useless swamp, or a sea to be triumphantly conquered. It's like they were erased from history

The use of that language reminded me of the failed vision of draining Iberá... and the triumphing vision in the Netherlands, and many other places. Maybe those wonderful places, those unique wetlands, would have been a footnote, you wouldn't find anything unless you were a bored ecologist who looked, and not even then. Now, far it be from me to accuse the medieval Dutch, who wanted to have more space to farm, of ecocide. And don't think this is going to be a rant against European ecological imperialism either, as the most anthropized places you can find are actually in China and India. But it does get me thinking.

I work with the concept of landscape, and landscape managing. (Not landscaping, those guys get better paid than me) The concept of landscape is somewhat similar to the concept of ecosystem you know from basic biology, but besides biotic and abiotic factors, you also have to involve cultural factors, that is, humans. There is not a single area of "pristine" untouched nature in the world, that is a myth. Humans have managed these landscapes for as long as they have lived in them. The Amazon, what many people think about when they think about "unspoilt" nature, has a high proportion of domesticated plants growing on it, which were and are still used by the people who live on it, and there once were great civilizations thriving on it. Forests and gardens leave their mark, so much that we can use them to find abandoned settlements. From hunter-gatherers tending and preserving the species vital to their survival in the tundra to engineers in Hong-Kong creating new islands for airports, every human culture has managed their natural resources, creating a landscape.

And this means these landscapes we enjoy are not natural creations. They are affected by natural enviroments; biomes do exist, species have a natural distribution. But they are created and managed by humans. Humans who decide what is valuable to them and what is not. The Dutch, seemingly, found the tidal marshes useless, and they created a new landscape, which changed the history of their nation forever. We here in modern Argentina changed our perception of Iberá, decided to take another approach, and now we made it a cherished part of our heritage, which will also speak about us in the future.

Ultimately, what is a useless swamp to be drained or a beautiful expanse of nature to be cherished depends in our culture, in us humans. We are the ones who manage and change ecosystems based in our economics, our culture, our society. This will become increasingly important, as climate change and ecological degradation becomes harsher and undeniable. We will have to decide what nature is worth to us. Think about what is it worth to you.

[read-marx-and-lenin]

this might be an odd question but like, ive read imperialism (by our mutual friend) and so i think i get what imperialism is economically with the banks and colonialism in the sense of primary and secondary product imports/export, but for a given nation, how should one figure out if they're an imperialist power, or an imperialised country? like should i just look at an imports/exports list?

The thing about New Zealand in particular (as well as Australia) is that it's a settler colony. It's not unusual for colonial nations to export primary products (although I would say New Zealand's exports are not particularly dominated by raw materials and that New Zealand does a good amount of domestic processing). What is unusual is for an ostensibly "independent" colony like New Zealand or Australia (or Canada or the US) to retain such close mutual ties to their former colonizer or to engage in colonial activities of their own (which New Zealand and Australia certainly have done in the Pacific).

The English plantation-style settler colonies that build the bulk of the "core Anglosphere" were unique in the way that, rather than relying on the labor of the native population like many other colonies would, they instead sought to settle the land using imported labor. This created a strong cultural and political connection between Britain and its settler colonies, which did not happen in other former British colonies such as India.

New Zealand has been a minor player among the first world nations, to be sure, with less colonial presence than Australia and no major cartels on the level of BHP, however its close ties with the rest of the core Anglosphere and Australia in particular have prevented any economic decline or marginalization that might otherwise have occurred due to global imperialism (and it could definitely be said that without China's rapid industrialization and modernization and thus the "China boom" that occurred in ANZ as a result of China's demand for raw materials, we would be seeing a much more dire economic situation in both countries.)

It is not enough to simply look at a list of imports and exports to determine whether or not a country is part of the imperial core. You have to also look at a country's economic and political relationships with other countries. The core Anglosphere as a whole is currently so deeply economically and politically interconnected that it is hard to see any one of them exiting the imperial core on their own any time soon.

Just look at the alliances New Zealand is a part of:

New Zealand is clearly not being treated as an imperialized nation. The Maori and Pasifika are certainly the victims of colonialism, just as the indigenous peoples of Australia and North America are, but the core Anglosphere remains a fairly cohesive empire even if the US has stolen the spotlight from Britain.

Some good supplemental reading to Lenin's Imperialism is Kwame Nkrumah's "Neo-Colonialism". It is more relevant to the post-WW2 economic organization of the world and goes into detail about how the imperial core economically exploits the third world.

[script-a-world]

Submitted via Google Form:

What would happen to the richest countries in the world these days because they export oil when my story takes place in 2400 and and the oil is all gone and these countries are where my story actually takes place. Where all the money is now is pretty much the countries that produce cutting edge technology.

Licorice: 2400 CE is 376 years in the future. 

Which countries were the richest 376 years ago?  That would take us back to 1648. The richest country in the world was China, with India not far behind. The Ottoman Empire was another superpower, and most of today’s Middle Eastern oil states were its posessions. The USA didn’t even exist. The British had barely begun building their empire; the Netherlands and France were both far richer and more powerful than GB, but the European powerhouse was Spain with its Latin American colonial empire pumping out seemingly inexhaustible supplies of silver and gold bullion, inspiring a golden age of piracy in the Caribbean. 

China, India, France: their wealth was based mostly on strong diverse domestic economies. 

Britain, Portugal and the Netherlands: they were too small and poor to build a China-type self-sufficient diverse economy. They grew rich on trade.

Ottoman Empire: a multicultural melting pot covering roughly the same geographic area as the Eastern Roman Empire, the Ottomans had it all. But they fell behind in the 19th century, and the empire was torn apart by the waves of nationalism that swept across the globe after the French Revolution. The Ottoman Empire no longer exists.

Spain grew rich in the same way the oil economies grew rich, by mining a single commodity and using it to pay for everything

A country like the USA is going to be as fine as anywhere can be after the oil is gone. Like China, India and the EU they will diversify into renewable resources and keep right on truckin’ because their economies are sufficiently wealthy and diverse, their population sufficiently  educated, and their governments sufficiently forward thinking to do this. 

Back in the 18th century, the measly little island of Britain took the wealth it earned from trade to invest in R&D, invented the industrial revolution, and used its tech advantage to conquer an empire the likes of which had never hitherto been seen. 

Spain, on the other hand, didn’t invest in itself. The gold and silver from the Spanish Main trickled through its fingers the way easy money always does with lottery winners. Much of the bullion ended up in China via British, Dutch, and Portuguese ships. Spain’s empire disintegrated in the 19th century.

In short, if you’re a country with a booming economy dependent on a single non-renewable commodity, and you are smart, you will use that wealth to build your competitive advantage in diverse areas of human economic activity. You will educate your population to be creative and entrepreneurial. This is more likely to happen if your government is some flavour of democracy.

If you’re not smart or if your government is controlled by a small clique of aristocrats or a dictator and his court with no accountability to the future, your elite will simply take most of the wealth for themselves, stick it into Swiss bank accounts, and leave the country impoverished and under-developed when they flee the inevitable coup. 

Since the history of the years 2024-2400 hasn’t yet been written, it’s up to you to decide what the countries in your story are going to do. All of them are well aware that the oil bonanza will not last forever. You might find this useful: “How the Gulf Region is Planning for Life After Oil”. 

So, which of your countries will be smart and which will be foolish? Which ones will have the foresight to build a viable post-oil future for themselves, and which ones will slide backwards into poverty, ignorance, and oppression? You decide. 

[sudaca-swag]

https://www.tumblr.com/sudaca-swag/767116058622590976/seeing-small-countries-that-have-never-done-damage?source=share

i don't necessarily disagree but...north korea are helping funding russia's invasion and war on ukraine, where they are killing civilians and taking their land? And how do these europeans countrys you mention main income come from weapon...i'm swedish and i did not realize that was our main income nor that we are colonizing any country.

If you think for one second that north Korea is at the scale of economical and political power to be able to single handedly supply Russia like say the US does with Israel you're wrong, in any case at most they would be an outsourced factory to jump around international regulations for the Russian government, and if you think that Europe and the US arent benefitting immensely from the weapon economy regarding the Ukraine-Russia conflict you're very wrong, they're in no hurry to close that gold mine. So let's better talk about what actually moves the wheel which are the billions and billions of US dollars and European riches going into funding wars and genocides across the world directly from the hand of western politicians.

And as for the Sweden comment, here's an article from last may from Le Monde, Sweden is the 13th largest arm export country and is unfortunately looking to climb up the ladder faster no matter how green they pretend to go amongst their citizens for votes, I suggest you read it because it says some very interesting things about those in power in your country and their ties to said war industries, and how war around the globe is the joint group effort of rich countries coming together for even more profit. I'll put some of the article down here since it's locked past the first paragraphs, but if you Google "Sweden arm industry" you will be surprised at the huge amount of articles like this written about this, you should check them out they're quite short: "Certain Nordic nations have emerged as significant suppliers of security technologies and weapon systems internationally. Simultaneously, these countries are widely perceived and labelled as the ‘do-gooders’ in global affairs. This perception is supported by many characterisations of the Nordics as ‘agents of a world common good’ and ‘moral superpowers’ ".

And here's some more data from 2022: In 2014, it was the third largest weapons exporter per capita at $53.1 per capita, behind only Israel at $97.7 and Russia at $57.7. From 2009 to 2019, it was the world’s ninth largest arms exporter in U.S. dollars with a cumulative value of $14.3 billion. In the same time period, it ranked eighth in arms as a percentage of total exports. Swedish factories produce not just small arms, but advanced systems like fighter aircraft, missiles, tanks, submarines, corvettes, and air-defense platforms.

"While Western countries nominally define themselves by individualism and meritocracy, Sweden highlights the viability of dynastic, family-oriented elites in creating and maintaining powerful industrial societies. Sweden is in fact an exemplar of a unique European model of governance and political economy, but one that cleverly and counterintuitively wraps elite-led industrial strength intended to support military capacity in an egalitarian and pacifist packaging"

"Saab's share price has soared, more than tripling since February 2022. Orders have exploded. The Swedish manufacturer invested €150 million in its production capacity. Nothing like this had happened since the group began manufacturing Carl Gustafs in 1948, according to Michael Höglund, head of the Land Combat division. Several factories will be built in Sweden and abroad, notably in India. The aim is to quadruple deliveries of anti-tank weapons and ammunition by 2025, from 100,000 to 400,000 units a year.

Johansson said the war in Ukraine was a formidable "showcase" for Saab. In 2023, the group's orders, already up in 2022, climbed by 23%, as did its sales, which reached 51.6 billion Swedish krona (€4.5 billion), while its profit grew by 51%, ending at 3.4 billion krona.

Over the past year, the manufacturer, which employs over 21,000 people worldwide, including 16,000 in Sweden, has increased its workforce by almost 2,500 and is continuing to recruit. And it's not the only one. The entire Swedish arms industry is abuzz – a sector that brings together around 200 companies, some 60 of which are foreign-owned. In 2022, these companies, with sales of 48.5 billion krona, employed over 28,000 people. "We don't yet have the result for 2023, but it should be much higher," said Robert Limmergard, director of the Swedish Security and Defense Industry Association.

Demand is largely fuelled by Sweden, whose military spending is set to reach 2% of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2024. Finally integrated into NATO on March 7, the kingdom is pulling out all the stops to replenish its armaments stocks, after decades of disengagement. "We have placed orders for equipment, both in Sweden and abroad, for 19 billion krona in 2021, 36 billion in 2022 and 52 billion in 2023," said Göran Martensson, director of the Swedish Defense Materiel Administration (FMV). Exports have also risen by 18% in 2023, placing Sweden 13th in the world.

Saab was founded in 1937. "The company was formed on a handshake between the chairman of our board of directors at the time, Marcus Wallenberg [grandfather of the current president, whose family is still the group's majority shareholder], and the prime minister," said CEO Johansson.

SOFF director Limmergard: "Companies don't like me to say it, but in the late 1980s we had an Ikea-style arms industry. We had to produce high volumes, easy-to-understand and easy-to-use weapons that had to be functional and cheap. It was this tradition that enabled us to gain international market share and maintain a large industry, with companies that have since succeeded in specializing in niche markets, sometimes with the help of foreign investment."

The main bottleneck is the production line. It's impossible to increase deliveries of weapons and ammunition if suppliers don't keep up. For the Carl Gustafs, there are around 200 suppliers, some of whom have several customers, all of whom have increased their orders. This is the case, for example, with Norway's Nammo, one of Europe's largest ammunition manufacturers, with whom Saab has just signed an agreement. "We have jointly decided to develop our own warhead molding capacity. Meanwhile, they will be refocusing on artillery ammunition, which will give us greater production capacity together," said Höglund."

[subir-astrologer]

HOW TO PERCEIVE THE EFFECT OF A BAD PLANET IN A HOROSCOPE

The definition of a bad and a good planet in a horoscope IS ALWAYS AND SHOULD BE always be with respect to an event.

The planet which gives bad results for an event during a particular mahadasha period can give good results for an event during another mahadasha period which is favoring that event on that time.

Astrology is a complex shastra and one need to understand the variable parameters and then only make the prediction.

Any difference in at least only one variable parameter is capable to change the whole prediction.

When I use the word understanding of astrology, then readers must be wondering what is there to understand about it so much.

I will explain it with an example : A person of DOB 27-02-2000 at 6:29 AM Jalandhar, Punjab, India is not doing well in his business.

In order to learn why the business of native’s sister is not working well as per her horoscope, one need to study the 7th and 10th cuspal sublord. The study of the current ruing mahadasha will reval how the dasha lords are going to give their results on the events in the life of the native during their ruling periods.

From the horoscope the 7th cuspal sublord is venus and its signifying 4,9 and 12th house in the planet level, moon signifying 6 and 9th house in the nakshatra level and Saturn signifying 1,2 and 12th house in the sublord level.

The 10th cuspal sublord is rahu and its signifying 4,6,9 and 12th house in the planet level, Saturn signifying 1,2 and 12th house in the nakshatra level and venus signifying 4,9 and 12th house in the sublord level.

The current ruling mahadasha is ketu and its signifying 1,2,4,9 and 12th house in the planet level, sun signifying 1 and 7th house in the nakshatra level and venus signifying 4,9 and 12th house in the sublord level.

Now if the native in question does import export business or trade with foreign countries or do business with an MNC company in India or go very very far away from his birth place and do business then only he will succeed in business.

If he does business in local market then he will meet with loss.

So this is a perfect example to understand astrology.

IF ONE CAN NOT ALIGN WITH THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PLANET THEN THE PLANET WILL NOT GIVE ITS RESULT AND THUS, WE WILL CALL IT A BAD PLANET.

In another example : A planet very strongly signifying 6th house and is a significator planet for 10th as well as 7th house. ( I am talking from KP astrology point of view ).

The planet will give very good result for his career as an event but will give pain with his spouse as she will always have difference of opinions with him leading to relationship issues.

SO HERE A SINGLE PLANE ACTING GOOD AS WELL AS BAD FOR DIFFERENT EVENT OF A PERSON’S LIFE.

Now coming back to the root question : how to perceive the affect of a planet in difficult position.

One need to study the significance of the planet with respect to the mahadasha period to understand how the events signified by the planet will give its affect during the mahdasha ruling period of different planets and at what age of our life it will give its impact.

[beardedmrbean]

China, China, China. Scarcely a day passes without some new scare story about China. The Middle Kingdom was struggling with its image overseas long before Covid, but the pandemic cemented attitudes in the West. Ever since, and with plenty of justification, its every move has been regarded with growing “reds under the bed” paranoia. The feeling is mutual.

The mood has darkened further in the past week. British democracy is under threat from Chinese cyber attacks, the Deputy Prime Minister, Oliver Dowden, told MPs this week in imposing sanctions on a number of Chinese officials. If that’s what standing up to China means these days then the central committee doesn’t have a lot to worry about.

Rather more seriously, the US and Japan are meanwhile planning the biggest upgrade to their security alliance since the mutual defence treaty of 1960.

Not to be outdone by the US ban on exports of hi-tech chips to China, Beijing responded this week by saying it will be phasing out even the low-tech variety on all government computers and servers, replacing foreign chips with its own home-grown ones.

And then of course, there is China’s de facto alliance with Vladimir Putin’s Russia, forming a new axis of authoritarian powers with an overtly anti-Western agenda. The rupture with the West seems virtually complete.

Years of integration into the global economy, in the hope that it might make China more like us, have backfired and are now going powerfully into reverse.

But does the nature of the threat fully justify all the noise which is made about it? In military terms, possibly, even if China plainly poses no direct threat to Europe, and unlike Putin, has no plans to lay claim to any part of it.

It does, however, pose a clear and present danger to Taiwan, where President Xi Jinping would plainly like to crush the life out of this vibrant, free enterprise economy in the same way as he has in Hong Kong. His rhetoric is bellicose and hostile, and we must therefore assume he means what he says.

In economic terms, however, the China threat is receding fast. After decades of stellar growth, China’s medium to long-term economic prospects are at best mediocre and at worst grimly dispiriting.

Now gone almost entirely is the idea of China as an unstoppable economic leviathan that will inevitably eclipse the US and Europe. Already it is obvious that this is not going to be the Chinese century once so widely forecast. Instead, Western commerce is looking increasingly to India as the economic superpower of the future.

Nor is this just because of the immediate causes of China’s economic slowdown – a woefully unbalanced economy which in recent years has relied for its growth substantially on debt-fuelled property development.

For China is indeed, to use the old cliche, getting old before it gets rich. Demographic factors alone are highly likely to floor President Xi’s grandiose ambitions for economic hegemony before they can be realised.

The fundamentals of China’s predicament, in other words, do not support the narrative of democracy under threat from an insurgent totalitarian rival.

There’s been a lot in the papers about demographics over the last week following a new study, published in the Lancet, on declining fertility rates. At some stage in the next 60 years, the global population will peak, and then fast start contracting.

The birth rate is projected to fall below population replacement levels in around three-quarters of countries by 2050, with only a handful of mainly Sub-Saharan nations still producing enough babies to ensure expanding populations by 2100.

In China, however, it has already started, with the population falling in 2022 for the first time since the Great Famine of 1959-61. This wasn’t just a one-off blip: last year deaths continued to significantly outnumber births.

There may be a slight pause in the decline this year. Some couples may have delayed their plans for children in anticipation of the Year of the Dragon, synonymous in Chinese mythology with good fortune.

Any relief will be only temporary. According to projections by the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, which correctly forecast the onset of Chinese population decline, it’ll essentially be all downhill from here on in, with the population more than halving between now and the turn of the century.

This is a huge fall, with far-reaching implications for economic development and China’s superpower ambitions. What’s more, there is almost nothing the Chinese leadership can do about it, beyond imprisoning China’s fast-declining cohort of women of child-bearing age and forcing them to breed.

Across much of the developed world and beyond, the birth rate has long since declined below the 2.1 offspring per woman generally thought to be the level required to maintain the population. But thanks to its dictatorial one-child policy introduced in 1980 to curb China’s then almost ruinous birth rate, China has a particularly acute version of it.

China abandoned the one-child policy – limiting urban dwellers to one child per family and most rural inhabitants to two – in favour of a “three-child” policy in 2016, but too late.

Even if women of child-bearing age could be persuaded to have more babies, there are simply not enough of them any longer even to maintain today’s population, let alone increase it.

The one-child policy may have perversely further accentuated this deficiency because of the Chinese preference for male offspring over female, though most studies on this are inconclusive.

In any case, China finds itself classically caught in a “low-fertility trap”, the point of no return, where precipitous population decline becomes inevitable.

The implications are as startling as the statistics themselves. The Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences forecasts that the working-age population will fall to 210 million by 2100, having peaked in 2014, and the ratio of working-age citizens to notionally non-working from 100 to 21 today, to 100 to 137 at the turn of the century.

One thing we know about ageing populations is they like life to be as comfortable and settled as possible. They also don’t like fighting wars, which have historically required a surplus of testosterone-fuelled young men desperate to prove themselves on the battlefield.

The turn of the century is of course still a long way off; there is easily enough time for several wars in between. The nature of warfare has also changed. It no longer requires the bravery of the young.

Even so, totalitarian dictatorships may well struggle with selling the multiple other hardships of war to an elderly population. Putin may seem to disprove this observation, but in doing so he is also demonstrating anew the futility of expansionist warfare. They make a desert, and call it peace.

A couple of other points seem worth making about our propensity to exaggerate the Chinese threat. Anyone would think that China is already a dominant force in the UK economy. It is not; in fact it is still only our fifth-largest trading partner after the US, Germany, the Netherlands and France. Even on imports alone it’s not as big as the US and Germany.

Whether because of the growing diplomatic standoff or other factors, moreover, this position is eroding. The size of trade with China fell last year. The same is true of direct investment by China in the UK economy, which was just 0.3pc of total foreign direct investment in 2021.

We worry about China’s imagined ability to close down our critical infrastructure, but should that really be allowed to influence decisions on whether the Chinese battery company EVE should be building a new gigawatt factory at Coventry Airport, or for that matter whether super-tariffs should be charged on Chinese EVs?

Should they exist at all, these risks can surely be managed. In any case, no nation that hopes to trade with others would deliberately turn the lights off, even if it could. In over-reacting to the Chinese threat, we only shoot ourselves in the foot.

China has lied, copied, stolen and cheated its way up the economic league tables, but ultimately it is a closed economy which increasingly repudiates foreign influence and thereby severely limits its own powers of innovation.

The danger is that now at the peak of its powers, it hubristically lashes out. But in the medium to long term, the demographic die is cast, and it spells a future of waning influence and economic heft.

[edelstahlviratiberica]

What is hms1 and hms2 scrap metal? What is the Scope of Scrap Metal Recycling in #Portugal and #Europe?

Scrap metal recycling is the process of collecting, sorting, processing, and selling scrap metal for reuse in various industries. #HMS1 and #HMS2 are types of heavy melting steel scrap that are widely traded and used for steel production.

HMS1 does not contain galvanized and blackened steel, whereas HMS2 does. They are usually sold as a blend of 80% HMS1 and 20% HMS2, or lower grade mixes.

The latest information about scrap metal recycling HMS1, HMS2 scope in Portugal and Europe are:

The scrap metal recycling market in Europe is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.8% during the forecast period of 2020-2026, due to the increasing demand for steel products, the environmental benefits of recycling, and the government policies and regulations.

Portugal is one of the major scrap metal exporters in Europe: Mainly to Spain, Turkey, and India. In 2020, Portugal exported 1.2 million tonnes of scrap metal, worth 372 million euros3. One of the leading scrap metal recycling companies in Portugal is RVO, Lda (unidade 2), which is located in Olaia, Torres Novas.

The scrap metal recycling industry in Europe faces some challenges: Such as the fluctuation of the international scrap metal prices, the competition from other regions, the quality and quantity of the scrap metal supply, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The scrap metal recycling industry in Europe needs to adopt more advanced technologies, improve the efficiency and safety of the recycling processes, and diversify the sources and markets of the scrap metal.

EDELSTAHL VIRAT IBERICA is an emerging importer - exporter, supplier of tool steel, mold steel from various countries. We are also involved in trading ferrous, alloy steel, etc., with a network of partners across the world, we are able to quickly respond to customer needs.

We are also looking for all manufacturers and wholesale suppliers of scrap metal such as #HMS1, #HMS2, ferrous scrap, electronic motor scrap and shredded scrap in #Portugal..

Learn more: https://www.moldsteel.eu/

Chat WhatsApp: +351-920016150 E-mail: info@moldsteel.eu

[lingshanhermit]

Lingshan Hermit: "Knowledge like 'How many teeth does a crow have in its mouth'"

In the documentary series filmed by National Geographic, there was one about mummies. This documentary began by discussing the discovery of nearly a hundred 7,000-year-old mummies in Chile in 1983, and told the stories of ancient human remains from various civilizations around the world. The documentary mentioned that in the 19th century, Egyptian mummies were excavated in large numbers and exported to Europe. The Europeans at that time ground these mummies into powder to treat all kinds of diseases, believing it to be a panacea with miraculous healing powers. They were so abundant that they were even used as fuel for steam locomotives. National Geographic has many such documentaries. The British are very good at making documentaries, and some of them are indeed very well made, such as The Last Crocodile Dinner, which is one of the best documentaries I've ever seen. It gave me a very intuitive understanding of the animal realm. Watching National Geographic documentaries allows you to understand the different forms of life that exist in different times and spaces, their ways of living and thinking, what they are pondering and doing. If used correctly, these documentaries can broaden your horizons and deepen your understanding of Buddhism's concept of the six realms. However, do not forget the existence of demons, remember we talked about it before? From the very beginning of your practice, demons have been lurking in the dark, waiting for opportunities, looking for your vulnerabilities. They will not miss any chance to strike you down, nor will they let you properly utilize these materials. Therefore, in those documentaries from BBC and National Geographic, there exists much "knowledge that does not need to be known," as Tibetans would say. What would happen if a practitioner spent time learning this "knowledge that does not need to be known"? There has always been a saying in Tibetan society: "Knowledge like 'how many teeth does a crow have in its mouth' is unnecessary to know." In China, the great Zhuangzi also once said: "My life has a limit but knowledge is limitless; if I let my limited life pursue the unlimited, I will be in danger." Both Zhuangzi and the Tibetan sages realized the harm of useless knowledge. They reminded people not to spend time on useless knowledge like "how many teeth a crow has in its mouth." From the perspective of Buddhism, there is a lot of knowledge that is useless to us. If we spend time learning and accumulating this useless knowledge, we are only wasting our limited lives. One could say this is one of the most unnoticeable demonic obstructions, and also one of the most ingenious designs of the Demon King. However, in today's world, if someone dares to say not to learn so much knowledge because some knowledge is useless, they would undoubtedly be mocked by many people.

A person with a lot of useless knowledge naturally has a lot to talk about. He knows the anecdotes about Tolstoy, the love affairs of Pushkin, how the British nobility hunted tigers in India. Possessing these conversation topics allows you to be at ease in social situations, makes you very popular, and lets your ego be extremely satisfied. But if you are a practitioner, then you have fallen into an ingenious trap. The ingenuity of this trap lies in the fact that although you are wasting time, you do not feel like you are wasting time, because you are learning knowledge. How could learning knowledge be a waste of time?

For those practitioners who have not yet attained liberation, they actually do not need to learn useless knowledge like "how many teeth a crow has in its mouth." Our lives are very short, and after deducting time for sleeping, eating, idling, working and chatting, the time you have left for practice is already very limited. Knowing how many teeth a crow has, when the Alaska Mahi spawns, or the peculiar fetishes and bizarre bedroom furniture of Catherine the Great, is useless besides providing conversational material. However, this is the trap that practitioners who regard themselves as cultured are most likely to fall into. Of course, if you are an enlightened sage, that is another matter. Those great bodhisattvas may need to learn some of this kind of knowledge, because they need to communicate with sentient beings, they need to know what sentient beings are interested in. For the convenience of communicating with sentient beings, they need to understand these things. But if you are not such a great bodhisattva, if you are still at the preliminary stage, then you should figure out which knowledge is useful and which is useless. Figure out how much time you have left. Is this time enough for you to learn useful things? By the way, some knowledge is not only useless, but also harmful, because it is wrong. Many people think the more books you read, the better. I strongly disagree with this. Books are not necessarily more useful the more you read. There are many things that look like books but are actually just a stack of handwritten papers bound together. You need to learn true knowledge, knowledge that is truly beneficial to both yourself and others. That's it.

This article was first published on July 25, 2021 on Lingshan Hermit's Sina Weibo, Google Blogger and other self-media. All rights reserved. Infringement will be investigated.

Copyright Notice：All copyrights of Ling Shan Hermit's articles in Simplified and Traditional Chinese, English, and other languages belong to the natural person who owns "Ling Shan Hermit". Please respect copyright. Publishers, media, or individuals (including but not limited to internet media, websites, personal spaces, Weibo, WeChat public accounts, print media) must obtain authorization from Ling Shan Hermit before use. No modifications to the articles are allowed (including: author's name, title, main text content, and punctuation marks). We reserve all legal rights.

灵山居士：“乌鸦嘴里有多少颗牙”这样的知识

在国家地理拍摄的纪录片里，有一部是关于木乃伊的。这部纪录片从1983年智利发掘出近百具7000年前的木乃伊谈起，讲述了世界各��明里远古人类骨骸的故事。那部纪录片提到在十九世纪，埃及的木乃伊曾被大量挖掘出来出口到欧洲，这些木乃伊被当时的欧洲人磨成粉，用来治疗各种疾病，欧洲人相信它是万能药，具有神奇的疗愈能力。当时它们的数量甚至多到被用来当做蒸汽火车的燃料。国家地理有很多这样的纪录片，英国人很会拍纪录片，他们有些纪录片确实拍的很好，譬如《鳄鱼最后的晚餐》，这是我看过的最好的纪录片之一，它让我对畜生道有了很直观的了解。看国家地理的纪录片能让你了解到那些生活在不同时空里的不同的生命，他们的生活和观念，他们在想什么，在做什么。如果正确运用的话，这些纪录片可以拓展你的视野，可以加深你对佛法对六道的了解。但是，不要忘了魔罗的存在，还记得我们之前说过吗？从你修行伊始，魔罗就在暗处窥伺着你，他在等待机会，在寻找你的漏洞，他不会放过任何一个可能击溃你的机会，他也不会让你顺顺当当正确运用这些东西。所以，在BBC和国家地理那些纪录片里，存在着很多西藏人所说的“不需要了解的知识”。如果一个修行人把时间花在了解“不需要了解的知识”上面，那会如何呢？在西藏社会，一直都有一句话：“乌鸦嘴里有多少颗牙这样的知识是无需了解的。”在汉地，伟大的庄子也曾经说：“我生也有涯，而知也无涯，以有涯随无涯，殆己。”庄子和藏地的圣贤们都看出了无用的知识的危害。他们提醒人们不要把时间花在类似于“乌鸦嘴里有多少颗牙”这样的知识上面。从佛法的角度来说，有很多知识对我们是无用的，如果我们花时间去学习积累这种无用的知识，那只是在浪费我们有限的生命，应该说这是最不容易被察觉的魔障之一，这也是魔王最巧��的设计之一。但是在当今世界，如果有人胆敢说不要学那么多知识，因为有些知识是无用的，一定会被很多人嘲笑。

一个人拥有很多无用的知识，他就自然会拥有很多谈资，他知道托尔斯泰的逸闻，知道普希金的情事，知道英国贵族在印度如何猎虎，拥有这些谈资会让你在社交场合如鱼得水，会让你大受欢迎，会让你的自我超级满足。但是如果你是一个修行者，那么你已经掉进了一个精巧的陷阱，这个陷阱的精巧之处在于虽然你在浪费时间，但是你不会觉得自己是在浪费时间，因为你是在学习知识。学习知识怎么会是浪费时间？

对于那些尚未解脱的修行者来说，他们其实不需要去学习那些类似“乌鸦嘴里有多少颗牙”这样的无用知识。我们的生命很短暂，除去睡觉吃饭发呆工作闲聊，你能用于修行的时间已经所剩无几。知道乌鸦嘴里有几颗牙知道阿拉斯加的大马哈鱼何时产卵知道叶卡捷琳娜二世的特殊癖好和她卧室里的奇葩家具除了增加你的谈资之外毫无用处。但是这是那些以文化人自居的修行者最容易掉进去的陷阱。当然，如果你是已经获得解脱的圣者那就另当别论了。那些大菩萨们，他们可能会需要去学习一些这样的知识，因为他们需要和众生沟通，他们需要知道众生的兴趣所在。为了和众生沟通的方便，他们需要了解这些。但是如果你不是这样的大菩萨，你还处于初级阶段，那么你应该搞清楚哪些知识是有用的，哪些知识是无用的？搞清楚你还剩下多少时间？这些时间够不够你学习有用的东西？顺便提醒一下，有些知识不但无用，还会有害，因为它是错误的。很多人觉得书读的越多越好，我对此非常不以为然，书不是读的越多越有用，有很多看起来像是书的东西其实只是一沓被装订在一起的手纸。你需要学习的是真正的知识，真正对自他都有益的知识，就是这样。

本文于2021年7月25日首发于灵山居士新浪微博，谷歌Blogger及其他自媒体。版权所有，侵权必究。 

版权声明：所有灵山居士文章简繁体，中英文版权归“灵山居士”所属的自然人所有，请尊重版权，媒体或个人（包括互联网媒体，网站，个人空间，微博，微信公众号，纸媒）如需使用请先获得灵山居士授权。不得对文章进行任何修改（不得修改的范围包括：作者名，标题，正文内容，以及标点符号）。我们保留一切法律��利。  

 电子邮件： lingshanjushisiwu@gmail.com

灵山居士新博客：http://blog.sina.com.cn/lingshanjushi2017

谷歌Blogger：https://lingshanjushi.blogspot.com/

灵山居士微博：http://weibo.com/lingshanjushi

灵山居士官网：http://www.xinwuyang.com/

灵山居士公众账号：lingshanjushiwz

[plusmetals]

Haynes 188 Sheet Suppliers in India

Haynes 188 Sheet in Mumbai, Haynes 188 Sheet Importers in Mumbai, Haynes 188 Sheet Suppliers in Mumbai, Haynes 188 Sheet Exporters in Mumbai, Haynes 188 Sheet Stockists in Mumbai.

HAYNES 188 Sheets is a cobalt-nickel-chromium-tungsten alloy that may be readily fabricated for aerospace and commercial gas turbine engine applications, including combustion cans, flame holders, liners, transition ducts, and afterburner parts. HAYNES 188 Coils is generally found in hot sections of engines in burner cans, ducting and afterburner components. In recent years, Udimet 188 Coils has been eclipsed by Alloy 230 for many applications due to improved properties. Udimet 188 Plates has good forming characteristics and is capable of being forged, hot worked or cold worked, although it does work-harden very rapidly so frequent intermediate annealing treatments are recommend for complex forming operations. Buy Alloy 188 Plates at reasonable price from us.

What are Haynes 188 Plates?

Haynes 188 Plate is a cobalt-based alloy that is composed of nickel, chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum, along with other elements. It is known for its excellent high-temperature strength, resistance to corrosion and oxidation, and good weldability.

What are the properties of Haynes 188 plates?

Haynes 188 plates have excellent high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance, and good resistance to corrosion and erosion. They also have good weldability and formability, making them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.

What are the applications of Haynes 188 plates?

Haynes 188 plates are commonly used in high-temperature applications, such as gas turbine components, exhaust systems, and heat exchangers. They are also used in chemical processing, power generation, and aerospace applications.Specifications:AMS 5608 / AMS 5609Standard:AMS, AMS and APISpecialize:Shim Sheet, Perforated Sheet, B. Q. Profile.Size:0.5 MM TO 200 MM THICK IN 1000 MM TO 2500 MM WIDTH & 2500 MM TO 12500 MM LENGTHForm:Coils, Foils, Rolls, Plain Sheet, Shim Sheet, Perforated Sheet, Chequered Plate, Strip, Flats, Blank (Circle), Ring (Flange)Finish:Hot rolled plate (HR), Cold rolled sheet (CR), 2B, 2D, BA NO(8), SATIN (Met with Plastic Coated)Hardness:Soft, Hard, Half Hard, Quarter Hard, Spring Hard etc.Grade:Haynes 188 (UNS R30188)

Haynes 188 Plates Equivalent Grades

STANDARDWERKSTOFF NR.UNSHaynes 188–R30188

188 Haynes Plates Chemical Composition :

GradeCMnpSSiCrNiCoBFeLaWHaynes 18805-151.25 max020 max.015 max20-.5021.0 -23.020.0 -24.0Bal.015 max3.0 max03-1513.0 -15.0

Special Products

Haynes 188 Sheet

Alloy 188 Sheet

Conicro 4023 Sheet

2.4683 Sheet

Uns R30188 Sheet

Cobalt Alloy Haynes 188 Sheet

AMS 5772 Sheet

Cobalt Nickel 188 Sheet

Stellite 188 Sheet

Haynes 25 Sheet

L605 Sheet

Udimet L605 Sheet

Stellite 25 Sheet

UNS R30605 Sheet

2.4964 Sheet

AMS 5537 Sheet

Ams 5759 Sheet

HS25 Sheet

Cocr20w15ni Sheet

Cobalt Alloy Haynes 25 Sheet

Cobalt L605 Sheet

Inconel X750 Sheet

X750 Sheet

Haynes X750 Sheet

Nicrofer 7016 Sheet

Udimet X750 Sheet

Pyromet X750 Sheet

Superimphy 750 Sheet

2.4669 Sheet

UNS N07750 Sheet

Nickel Alloy X750 Sheet

NiCr15Fe7TiAl Sheet

Nickelvac X750 Sheet

AMS 5699 Sheet

Alloy X750 Sheet

Nimonic C263 Sheet

Nickel Alloy C263 Sheet

UNS N07263 Sheet

Haynes 263 Sheet

2.4650 Sheet

NiCo20Cr20MoTi Sheet

AMS 5872 Sheet

Hastelloy C263 Sheet

Nicrofer 5120 Coti Sheet

Nicrofer 5120 Coti Round Bar

Inconel 945 Round

Inconel 945 Bar

UNS N09945 Round

Inconel 945X Round

[ethiholic]

Lululemon

Worker Wage - ★★☆☆☆

Based on the available information, we have found that Lululemon salaries in the US range from $8-$24.15, which is 9% below the national average. While Lululemon does not publish information on the wages of garment workers, outside sources state that the factory workers, who produce Lululemon’s garments, claim to be paid $110 a month in Bangladesh.

Working Conditions - ★☆☆☆☆

Their clothing is produced in Canada, the US, Peru, China, Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, Israel, Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Switzerland. Lululemon’s outsourced labor has raised questions in the past as to the treatment of the garment workers. In an investigation conducted by The Guardian, the workers claim to have been physically assaulted, verbally abused, and forced to work overtime, while making significantly less than the living wage.

Sustainable Materials - ★★☆☆☆

Lululemon says they aim to source more sustainable raw materials and fibers including recycled and renewable and recycled polyester and nylon. They aim to achieve at least 75% sustainable materials by 2025. Currently, they use low quantities of cotton and recycled materials. According to changingmarkets.org, Lululemon uses 23,390 tonnes of synthetics and 62% synthetic fibers in the production of their garments.

Environmental Impact - ★★★☆☆

On Lululemon’s website, they stress the company's aim towards reducing their carbon footprint by “eliminating waste and closed-loop innovation, making progress toward clean water and better chemistry”. Their website also stresses their goals such as reducing 60% of emissions in all owned and operated facilities and across their global supply chain. They intend to progress toward their goal by sourcing renewable energy, partnering with their manufacturers, and sourcing more raw sustainable materials. They have also joined THE CLIMATE GROUP’S RE100, signed the UN Fashion Industry Charter for Climate Action. There is no evidence of Lululemon reducing their carbon emissions during the logistics stage of exportation.

Social Impact - ★★★☆☆

In 2022, Lululemon announced they would be donating $75.3 million to the BC Parks Foundation to support environmental preservation and habitat conservation efforts in British Columbia.

Inclusivity - ★★☆☆☆

Sizes at Lululemon range from XS-XXL, and model diversity does not reflect diverse sizing. Prices tend to be on the higher end.

Sources:

https://shop.lululemon.com/

[chocolateandsilver]

The Restrict Act 2023

About the Restrict Act

There’s a lot of information/misinformation I’ve been seeing about the Restrict Act. I’ve stared at the damn bill for around thirty hours at this point, so I thought I’d give people a summary of what it’s actually doing as well as what it isn’t doing, to help you avoid misinformation.

Buckle in, folks, because this is going to be a long post. I know Tumblr is allergic to nuance, but hopefully you’ll be able to see both the good and the bad in this bill by the time I’m done, and be able to understand what’s actually going on. If you just want to see problems with the act, the last section is devoted to that.

tl;dr good in spirit because of the rising rate of infrastructure cyberattacks, but the letter of the law could use a little work to make sure that the government can't overstep

Why the Restrict Act?

Let’s start with the why. Why does the US government feel like this Act is necessary? The stated purpose is: “To authorize the Secretary of Commerce to review and prohibit certain transactions between persons in the United States and foreign adversaries, and for other purposes.” Which is a bunch of legalese, so I’ll give you some examples of things that are happening in the real world which the government wants more authority to look into.

The author of the bill, Sen. Warner, specifically cited Huawei and Kapersky as companies that were doing Suspicious Things, so we’ll look at those first.

Huawei: Huawei is a telecommunications company. The US, Australia, Canada, Sweden, UK, Lithuania, and Estonia have all taken various actions against Huawei over the last decade or so. In 2012, a malicious software update was installed on Huawei devices in Australia, attacking Australia’s telecommunications network. In 2021, a Washington Post review suggested that Huawei was involved in mass surveillance programs. In 2014, a Huawei engineer was caught hacking a cell phone tower in India

Kapersky: The UK, Lithuania, the Netherlands, the EU, Germany, and Italy have all taken action against Kapersky. This company produces antivirus software, and was accused of working on secret projects with Russia’s Federal Security Service, especially in the wake of Russian interference in the 2016 election. Allegedly, the company used the popular antivirus software to secretly scan for classified documents and other information, and allegedly stole NSA information.

In addition to these two companies, there have been tons of cyberattacks worldwide.

Half of the United States’ fuel supply was compromised due to a hack on Colonial Pipeline, shutting down fuel for some areas in the American southeast for days

A hacking group disrupted Iranian steel factories and even started a fire

Costa Rica had to declare a national emergency after government systems were hit, including systems for exports, pensions, taxes, welfare, and even Covid-19 testing.

A ransomware attack caused a major outage to emergency health services in the UK

The stated purpose of this act is to give the USA some kind of formal process to make decisions when something like this is suspected of happening, and when it’s caused by a “foreign adversary.”

What’s a foreign adversary?

A foreign adversary is a country that has engaged in a “long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the United States or security and safety of United States persons.”

The bill kindly provides us with a list of six countries that fit this description: China(including Hong Kong), Cuba, Iran, Korea, Russia, and Venezuela

The Secretary of Commerce can add/remove countries to this list at any time, as long as Congress is informed within 15 days of the reasoning behind that decision.

Once Congress is informed, Congress can disagree via joint resolution (So both Houses have to vote to disagree with the Secretary of Commerce’s decision). If Congress disagrees, there’s a whole complicated process for getting the label added/removed.

We’ll get into the ethics later, in the Genuine Problems section.

For the rest of this post, I’ll be saying Scary Countries instead of foreign adversaries, so that it’s easier for people to understand.

What is the United States allowed to investigate using this Act?

So first we’re going to define some things, because the Act is very specific about what the United States can investigate.

The bill defines something called a “covered transaction,” which is basically a financial or technological action taken by a Scary Country or on behalf of a Scary Country. For the rest of this post, I’ll be saying Scary Action instead of covered transaction.

The bill also defines something called a “covered holding,” which is essentially any group that is partially or fully owned by a Scary Country, on behalf of a Scary Country, or that falls under a Scary Country’s jurisdiction, even with degrees of separation. The group has to affect either 1+ million Americans or has to have sold 1+ million units of a tech product to Americans. This group is usually a company, but it can be other things, too. For the rest of this post, I’ll be saying Scary & Important Group instead of covered holding.

The Secretary of Commerce is allowed to find/investigate/stop any Scary Action or Scary & Important Group that wants to do one of the following:

sabotage information and communications tech in the US

damage critical infrastructure or the digital economy of the US

interfere with a Federal election

undermine democratic processes

Pose any other unacceptable risk to the USA.

This is a list of Really Bad Things, so from now on I’m going to call it the List of Really Bad Things.

If it’s a Scary & Important Group instead of a Scary Action, the Secretary will refer the information to the President, who will then decide what to do to stop the threat. Otherwise, if it’s just a Scary Action, the Secretary has the authority to stop it.

If the Secretary finds out that something Scary is going on and that it falls under the List of Really Bad Things, the Secretary is REQUIRED to publish information in a DECLASSIFIED form about why they thought there was a threat and what was done to stop it, as long as none of the information is already classified. (This is a good thing!)

Process

First, the Secretary is given authority to find and investigate Scary Actions and Scary & Important Groups. The Secretary is also allowed to delegate this to Federal officials. Something key here is that the bill says that Federal officials can only have investigative powers that are “conferred upon them by any other Federal law.” They don’t get any extra powers. Anyone who tells you otherwise is panicking too hard to properly read the bill.

So what happens if, in the course of investigation, the Secretary finds out that a Scary Action or Scary & Important Group is trying to do a Really Bad Thing? Simple. The Attorney General will bring the case to an “appropriate district court.” The max fine for a civil penalty for an individual here is $250,000. For a criminal penalty for an individual, the max fine is $1 million and/or 20 years in prison, as well as giving up any of the things they used to do Really Bad Stuff with.

If someone is found guilty, they can appeal that decision, but only to the District of Columbia Circuit. Note that this is only for appeals! Otherwise, everything will be through the normal federal district courts.

If the appeal fails, too, the US will file all of the information that they used to make any big decisions with the court, and will give the defendant all of the information that is not classified, so that the defendant can ask for a full review.

Once the United States has stopped a Scary Action or a Scary & Important Group from doing Really Bad Things, it’s illegal to go around/against any of the actions that US has taken to do that.

Specifically, the bill says that “no person may cause or aid, abet, counsel, command, induce, procure, permit, or approve the doing of any act prohibited by, or the omission of any act required by any regulation, order, direction, mitigation measure, prohibition, or other authorization or directive issued under, this Act.”

Yes, this is legitimately scary. We’ll get into the ethics later, in the Genuine Problems section.

Myths

The bill gives the USA power to ban VPNs!

No. Unless the VPN company is trying to do one of the Really Bad Things under the instruction of a Scary Country or is suspected of doing one of the Really Bad Things, the VPN company will be fine.

The bill gives the USA power to investigate way more than they could before!

No. “In conducting investigations described in paragraph (1), designated officers or employees of Federal agencies described that paragraph may, to the extent necessary or appropriate to enforce this Act, exercise such authority as is conferred upon them by any other Federal law, subject to policies and procedures approved by the Attorney General” (emphasis mine).

Important here is “exercise such authority as is conferred upon them by any other Federal law” — this act is not giving them additional leeway. Really, the USA is making use of the lack of privacy that’s already baked into law in order to investigate.

If TikTok is banned and I use a VPN to access it, I could go to jail for 20 years!

Possible but severely unlikely, at least according to this law. Let’s go through some scenarios:

Scenario 1: The USA takes TikTok to court. In the decision, the USA says the TikTok app is no longer allowed to be on any app store. In this case, using a VPN to access TikTok would still be allowed, since the ban is for TikTok’s actions, not US citizens’ actions.

Scenario 2: The USA takes TikTok to court. In the decision, the USA says that TikTok is required to have some kind of filter banning US IP addresses. In this case, using a VPN to access TikTok would still be allowed, since the ban is for TikTok’s actions, not US citizens’ actions.

Scenario 3: The USA enacts a law forbidding citizens from accessing TikTok. This is unlikely, since the USA would have to have an entirely separate non-court procedure to do this, which is only kind of in the scope of the law. I guess it’s possible, but it’s skating on thin ice. In this case, using a VPN to access TikTok would be a crime. 4. If you’re charged, you have to go to the DC Circuit Court and not any of the other courts!

Actually, you’d first be charged under an ordinary district court in your state. If you decide to appeal, however, then you have to appeal to DC.

Genuine Problems

Adding a Scary Country to the list seems really easy. There’s nothing to stop the government from adding every single country to the list and then investigating every single action. Granted, it’s highly unlikely that this would happen, simply because then the amount of information would be difficult to go through, but it’s possible.

In the list of Really Bad Things, there’s an additional list item saying “otherwise poses an undue or unacceptable risk to the national security of the United States or the safety of United States persons.” Who determines that?

The definition of a Scary Action is ridiculously broad. It covers any financial or technology-related action. That could refer to a lot of different things.

While the bill is clearly intended only to prosecute people doing Really Bad Things, the wording is kind of vague in some places, and could be used to prosecute others, too.

Specifically, I’m thinking about this clause:

“no person may cause or aid, abet, counsel, command, induce, procure, permit, or approve the doing of any act prohibited by, or the omission of any act required by any regulation, order, direction, mitigation measure, prohibition, or other authorization or directive issued under, this Act”

Yeah this could definitely be used for overreach. It’s far too broad. If there was an infrastructure attack on the USA that affected the police dept, and an ACAB armchair activist tweeted “haha karma” would that count as grounds for prosecution? I have a genuine problem with this clause. The loopholes here are ridiculously large.

Overall, it seems as though this bill is aimed at large companies rather than citizens, but there are definitely loopholes for the government to exploit.

[boricuacherry-blog]

The issue is what is context. Humanity does everything. But does everything belong on a stage? No. Is everything for kids? No. Is everything for everybody? No. So when we as a culture make something like this mainstream it shows a lack of discretion and discernment. To those who laugh at anyone who wants these things for our culture, you certainly have that right. Just as many folks have the right to want our mainstream international export - our music - to show us in a respectful light. I'd like to go on the record saying: this won't age well and that's my issue. I love Janelle [Monae] and Megan [Thee Stallion] the way I love us all - but I don't like this moment. What people should know is that Essence Festival was purchased.

-India Arie

[legendoro]

(Bear with me, I'm going to connect this to the larger context)

Look... if you live in the US, you need to understand this is not going to wash away over time. For all we know, this (coupled with the fumble around Ukraine rn) might be the straw that broke the camel's back for USian image as a reliable partner internationally.

All that "we care for democracy and human rights" bullshit discourse? Burning in a dumpster fire, reeking of burnt human flesh and hair. The US needs to understand the age of empires as they existed pre-internet is over. The country cannot bury its head in the sand anymore. What is happening in Gaza is only possible because of USian enablement.

Remember: sole UN security council veto against humanitarian ceasefire, from a country that does not recognize the ICJ

To put it in geopolitical perspective

Over the past 30 years, so-called non-Western countries have gradually moved (in some cases drifted) away from attempting to align with the "West". The big ones gained ever more standing in the global stage with each and every broken promise and instance of double standard from the US and the rest of the West — Central and Eastern Europe, UK, Australia, New Zealand. But as the leader of the pack and most powerful, it's mainly US on the spotlight.

Little wonder China managed to outpace USian diplomacy and create the BRICS, and I don't think people in the US realize what that really means. The BRICS have (to name but a few qualities):

The world's largest industrial complex, 2nd largest economy and population (China)

One of the world's largest nuclear stockpiles, largest gas reserves, 2nd-largest gold reserves, 3rd largest producer of crude oil (Russia)

Among the top 5 largest reserves of iron, manganese, lithium, bauxite, plus largest population and booming tech sector (India)

Largest reported reserves of gold, platinum group metals, chrome ore and manganese ore, and the second-largest reserves of zirconium, vanadium and titanium (South Africa)

Largest agricultural and livestock exporter in the world, one of the largest manufacturing sectors globally (Brazil)

If — by some glitch in the current matrix — these guys decide to close the doors to the West, guess who's fucked?

The IDF also designated Al Mawasi a safe zone

[viexports]

Frequently Asked Questions: How Indian Rice Exporters Meet Global Demand

India, often referred to as the “Land of Spices,” is also a global force in rice production and export. As the world’s largest rice exporter, India plays a vital role in providing food to millions of people around the world. But how do Indian rice exporters meet such a huge global demand while maintaining quality and efficiency? In this blog, we will answer some of the most frequently asked questions on how Indian rice manufacturers and suppliers meet the ever-growing needs of the international market.

What types of rice does India export to meet global demand?

India is known for its diverse varieties of rice, which cater to different tastes and culinary preferences around the world. The country mainly exports:

Basmati Rice: Famous for its aromatic scent and long grains, Basmati rice is a favorite in the Middle Eastern, European, and North American markets.

Non-Basmati Rice: This includes varieties such as Sona Masuri, Ponni and IR64, which are widely consumed in African and Asian countries due to their affordability and versatility.

Parboiled Rice: Popular in African countries, parboiled rice undergoes a unique steaming process that retains nutrients and makes it easier to cook.

According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), India exported over 18 million metric tonnes of rice in 2022-2023, making it a major player in the global rice trade.

How do Indian rice exporters ensure quality and standards?

Quality assurance is a top priority for rice manufacturers. To meet international standards, exporters follow strict guidelines:

Certification: Many Indian rice suppliers are certified by global bodies such as ISO, HACCP and FDA, which ensure that their products meet safety and quality norms.

Advanced processing: State-of-the-art milling and processing units remove impurities and ensure uniformity in grain size and texture.

Quality testing: Rigorous laboratory tests are conducted to check for moisture content, broken grains, and contaminants before shipment.

For example, APEDA has mandated that all Basmati rice exports undergo DNA testing to ensure authenticity, thereby safeguarding the reputation of Indian rice in global markets.

What logistics and supply chain strategies are used for export?

Efficient logistics is crucial for timely delivery, especially in the case of perishable goods such as rice. Indian rice exporters benefit from:

Port infrastructure: Major ports such as Kandla, Mumbai, and Chennai are equipped to handle large-scale rice shipments.

Cold storage facilities: To maintain freshness, rice is stored in temperature-controlled warehouses before export.

Strategic partnerships: Collaborations with global shipping companies ensure smooth transportation to destinations around the world.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, rice suppliers showed remarkable resilience by adapting to supply chain disruptions, ensuring uninterrupted rice exports to countries in need.

How do Indian exporters keep pace with changing global demands?

The global rice market is dynamic, with changing consumer preferences and trade policies. Indian rice producers stay ahead by:

Market research: Regularly analysing trends to identify emerging markets and demand patterns.

Product diversification: Introducing organic rice, fortified rice and ready-to-cook rice products to meet the needs of health-conscious consumers.

Sustainability initiatives: Adopting eco-friendly farming practices and reducing water use to align with global sustainability goals.

For instance, there has been a surge in demand for organic rice in Europe and North America, prompting Indian exporters to increase their organic rice production.

What are the challenges faced by Indian rice exporters?

Despite their success, Indian rice suppliers face several challenges:

Climate change: Erratic weather patterns affect rice yields, making it difficult to meet demand.

Trade barriers: Some countries impose high tariffs or strict import regulations, restricting market access.

Competition: Countries such as Vietnam and Thailand are also major rice exporters, creating a competitive global market.

However, Indian exporters continue to innovate and adapt, ensuring they remain the preferred choice for rice importers across the world.

Indian rice exporters have mastered the art of balancing quality, quantity and efficiency to meet global demand. From producing diverse varieties of rice to ensuring strict quality checks and adopting sustainable practices, they have earned their reputation as reliable rice suppliers. As the demand for rice in the world grows, India's role in the global rice trade is becoming even more important.