#trial records

[lazylittledragon]

dndads s1 you're so special to me

[blueiscoool]

1,900-Year-Old Papyrus Records Roman Tax Fraud Trial

The Greek document details a court case in ancient Palestine involving tax fraud and provides insight into trial preparations in the Roman Empire

Back in 2014, a researcher from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem rediscovered an ancient papyrus while organizing a storeroom in the Israel Antiquities Authority’s Dead Sea Scrolls Unit. Once found in the Judean Desert, the document’s script had previously been classified as Nabataean—an ancient Aramaic language—but papyrus expert Hannah Cotton knew better.

“When I saw it marked ‘Nabataean,’ I exclaimed, ‘It’s Greek to me!’” the researcher says in a statement by the university.

Cotton and a team of experts spent the next decade deciphering the 133-line text, and their findings were recently published in the journal Tyche. Turns out, the document is the longest Greek papyrus ever found in the Judean Desert, and its newly translated content is particularly unique: a Roman lawyer’s detailed notes about the trial of two men accused of tax fraud.

“This is the best-documented Roman court case from Judaea, apart from the trial of Jesus,” says study coauthor Avner Ecker, a historian at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in the statement.

Per the study, the papyrus was likely written on the “eve of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” a second-century Jewish uprising against Roman rule. The Roman Empire had colonized Judea—the southern part of ancient Palestine—some 200 years earlier. By 132 C.E., various Roman incursions upon Jewish life, including bans on religious practices, had taken their toll: The dwindling population of Jews in Palestine revolted. The rebellion, led by a man named Bar Kokhba, was crushed by the Romans in 135 C.E., and Jews were subsequently banned from Jerusalem.

The newly translated papyrus was written after Roman Emperor Hadrian’s visit to Judea around 130 C.E. and before the Bar Kokhba Revolt, per the study. It details Rome’s case against two individuals—Gadalias and Saulos—accused of forging documentation about selling and freeing slaves to bypass paying Roman taxes.

“Forgery and tax fraud carried severe penalties under Roman law, including hard labor or even capital punishment,” says study coauthor Anna Dolganov, a papyrus expert at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, in the statement.

The papyrus was written in “vibrant and direct” language by a strategizing prosecutor, advising another lawyer about pieces of evidence and anticipating objections, per the statement. The document also contains a “rapidly drafted transcript of the judicial hearing itself.”

As Dolganov says in the statement, “This papyrus is extraordinary because it provides direct insight into trial preparations in this part of the Roman Empire.”

Significant portions of the document are missing, making conclusions about the trial’s participants difficult to draw. Still, the researchers write that the prosecutors were likely “functionaries of the Roman fiscal administration” and suggest the defendants were Jews. The papyrus also makes mention of “an informer who denounced the defendants to Roman authorities.”

As Live Science’s Kristina Killgrove writes, the papyrus sheds light on the long-debated question of whether or not ancient Jewish people owned slaves. The document mentions that Saulos’ family owns multiple slaves, but whether those enslaved people were Jewish is unclear.

The trial’s location and the case’s outcome also remain mysterious. Per the study, proceedings may have been interrupted by the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Somehow, this papyrus ended up among a collection of documents stored in caves in the Judean Desert—the Dead Sea Scrolls, which were rediscovered in the mid-20th century.

As study coauthor Fritz Mitthof, a historian at the University of Vienna, says in the statement, the papyrus showcases the Romans’ governmental reach: They regulated private transactions even in remote regions of their empire.

By Sonja Anderson.

[heretyc]

I had an idea.

Yandere! Coyle would be fond of those electrified dog collars. Y'know, the ones that electrocute dogs every time they bark? Well, upon finding one in the local pet store - which had a missing poster with your face on it taped to the window, shame... - he's quick to buy it.

"Do you have a dog, Mr. Coyle?" The teenage cashier questions, her brow raised; she's seen Leland all around town. He didn't seem like the type, always too gruff and closeted. Police dogs, sure, considering his career.

But a dog?

"I got a pup over the weekend," he licks his lips, aching for his usual cigarette, "real loud, she is."

"Aww," the cashier is quick to scan the collar's barcode, "what breed?"

"...Uh..."

Well, you're real sweet, so you were a golden retriever...but you also had a touch of sass, like a sheltie...

"...Poodle."

But a real beauty like an authentic French poodle.

"What kind?"

"Standard," he tapped his gloved fingers against the glass counter, ready to wrap this up. "Real pretty like."

"That sounds amazing," She gushed, handing him the collar upon receiving payment, "We hope to see her here soon!"

Shooting his gaze to your missing poster, he merely snickered, "Yeah...not likely."

He was gone before the cashier could frown.

Leland has connections, this much is known; he wants you to talk, he doesn't want to completely banish you that right, but screaming...that could cause trouble.

So he finds a guy. The collar is altered, so it only shocks if it hears specific words, or anything louder than a moan. It cost Leland a pretty penny, but was it worth seeing it around your neck.

Be a good puppy, won't you? Lest you become like the bitches 6 feet under out in the yard.

[scalpelsister]

Amelia Collier The Outlast Trials (2024)

[froschli96]

🗣️ Darlin', you give love a bad name

Found this in my old wip folder and it feels now more relevant than ever :)

Also these don't know why I never uploaded these they were just sitting there completely finished:

[achillesuwu]

I'm obsessed with this so I need to write it down : AU where merlin has to reveal his magic to save them all but it's very very likely he will die so he turns to Lancelot and says "My name, can you remember my name? ". Arthur & the others knights are confuse but Lancelot understand what it means. Sorcerer aren't allowed to have a burial, they never even get a trial. Thus their name are never written down, forgotten like their ashes in the wind.

"I will"

He will, he will speak of it and one thousand years later no one will remember the greatest sorcerer to ever walk the earth by the name Emrys. They will only know Merlin.

And I see fire

Blood in the breeze

And I hope that you remember me

[shitpostingkats]

Wait hangon I'm having a thought.

Nahyuta learning Apollo became a defense attorney and immediately reading up on every case he's ever taken. Nahyuta learning about all the events of the past two games. Nahyuta on some international flight, trying to absorb everything that's happened in his little brother's life and realizing the crushing extent of everything he's missed.

[ckret2]

I'm staring at the newest chapter in horror but also, there are SO many witnesses and there will probably be a ton of documentation about the second dimensional incident, which makes it that much more baffling Bill got an insanity plea. I know it's for Story Reasons and I probably shouldn't think about it too hard but goddamn.

They legitimately looked at all of this and said "yeah no he's found not guilty by reason of insanity, Theraprism NOW." (I thought at first it was "guilty but insane," however we get no indication that he's going to be sent to a normal multiversal prison after he completes his karmic rehabilitation. They all but say that reincarnation is the goal after this is over, which seems to be equivalent to release and reintegration into society.)

That being said it could simply be that interdimensional court has different requirements to be declared insane enough not to get permadeath. Or I'm misremembering how the Theraprism works...It's a forensic hospital, right? Not prison. He's being treated not punished.(Kinda debatable. That place sucks.)

The Axolotl gotta be the single best lawyer of the entire multiverse how the hell did they pull this off. I would love to just be in the court when this went down actually I can already feel how absolutely insane it was. No way either side didn't fight tooth and nail.

the fact that Bill is willing to look every single person he meets dead in the eye and say "no my dimension wasn't destroyed, it's fine, all my people are alive and they love me" is ngl gonna be a big part of the ax's defense strategy.

They have a lot of documentation of what Bill's like after the massacre—but there's absolutely no record, anywhere, of what happened during the massacre. You know what they do have documentation of though? Bill insisting that he dumped Euclydia into Dimension Zero so that he could do renovations and that he's built a paradise universe in its place when all he's built is a void with a few strobe lights. Bill claiming that all these people he kidnapped himself are actually from his dimension. Bill pulling off "rescues" with seemingly no self-awareness that he slaughtered more than he saved. Bill being told MULTIPLE TIMES "if you keep trying to fix Dimension Zero then the multiverse will collapse" and Bill going "okay. i hear you. So how about i fix Dimension Zero, and then, everything is fine."

What do you do if you get Bill into a courtroom and ask him "do you plea guilty to the massacre of Euclydia?" and he goes "I don't know what you're talking about. There was no massacre. I liberated everyone, they're fine. They're literally still alive today. Nobody died." Like. You're trying to decide his culpability in a crime he doesn't acknowledge happened.

You've gotta ask 2 questions: does Bill literally not know what happened to his dimension—even if the knowledge comes and goes, is it still sometimes genuinely missing—or is this just an act to try to wiggle out of trouble? And, if he does literally not know what happened to it, is that a trauma reaction to the massacre, or did he commit the crime not comprehending what the result would be?

Bill's a known liar, this could all be an act. But, like, god, wow, it's a really, really good act.

The Ax can argue that Bill literally doesn't grasp the difference between right and wrong. He can tell them that Bill is completely unable to differentiate fact and fiction. He can tell them that Bill has delusions that he didn't destroy Euclydia, that the neighboring dimensions are Euclydia, that all his people are alive and healthy, and argue that he probably had delusions that whatever he did to his dimension wouldn't destroy it in the first place. He can argue a whole lot of things about Bill.

Are any of these things true about Bill? Debatable. Probably not. Somewhere between 30%-60% true. Could the Ax convince a court that they're true? Probably. Everyone already agrees Bill's insane. The only question is if he was the right kind of insane at the right time.

[iztea]

Can you do a quick tutorial on how you paint a WALL :'D

i was randomly painting a wall for this comm when i remembered this ask so anon if you're still around.... it's not a tutorial amd it's not quick but i recorded a bit of the process

but in all honesty i just throw things at the wall and see what sticks (pun unintended)

i try to balance out texture vs smooth brushes so that it looks sorta realistic and i also use pngs or texture overlays to better mimic that concrete aspect (pun intended this time)

[thhouseofblack]

Rhaegar: I'm sorry I can't make it tonight, I have to go pick up my wife from her murder trial Oswell: Jon: Jaime: d-did she do- Rhaegar: Ofcourse she did it! Why do you think I married her?

[yonemurishiroku]

I have read so many Solangelo Jasico Percico fanfics but barely any of them matches the sweetness of Travis freaking Stoll kissing Nico’s hand and calling him the sweetest princess in the kingdom

in that one one-sided Valgrace fanfic wth.

[heretyc]

HELP WHY DOES IT LOOK LIKE I INTERRUPTED THEM HAVING A MOMENT

[mr-molded]

Franco has telekinisis I guess

[fictional-twink-bracket]

Propaganda

(PT: Propaganda)

Winsler Wallaby

Despite having grown up on a farm, there is barely any muscle in this gnome’s body. He shows up to university scared of lying, but in his second year, he makes a Molotov cocktail out of a lemon. He kissed his roommate goodbye and said “Farewell, my sweet prince,” right before he died.

To the person who submitted him, I didn't use the image because I don't know if I have permission, sorry.

Michel Nostradamus

Look how they massacred my boi

Iruma Suzuki

No propaganda submitted

Ryuu Zaou

He pretends he's a ladykiller but really he's just a twink. Also,

Carlos Rodriguez

No propaganda submitted

Tonkla

he's a sugar baby, he's an attic wife, he's killed several people, he's cheating on a mob boss with a cop, his main goal is to get barebacked, his other main goal is to get revenge, no one is doing it like him

[v-eilfire]

“Let daddy fill you up” NO??

[vannypies]

INTJ AWARDS! Who's your favorite INTJ?! (final!)