#tomb of khety

[nowoolallowed]

Head of a Female Figure from the Tomb of Khety - Met Museum Collection

Inventory Number: 26.3.104a Middle Kingdom, Dynasty 11, ca. 2051–2000 B.C. Location Information: From Egypt, Upper Egypt, Thebes, Deir el-Bahri, Tomb of Khety (TT 311, MMA 508), MMA excavations, 1922–23

Description:

The woman was most probably nude, and the absence of a wig and garment made her a representative of femininity in general. Her presence among Khety's burial equipment provided him not with a concubine (another out-dated interpretation), but with the means to be reborn after death.

The figure's head is a masterpiece of wood carving. Rounded cheeks, "love rings" on the neck, a dimpled chin, a smiling mouth, and the minutely modeled tiny curls of her hair combine to form an image of irresistible charm. The eyes must have been inlaid, and the eyebrows are still filled with dark paste; there are remains of black paint on the hair.

[shewhoworshipscarlin]

Head of a female figure from the tomb of Khety, 2051BC-2000BC, Thebes.

[shlufim]

Seal with a Figure of a Cat on Top, Blue Glazed Steatite, 664–332 BCE. Found in the Tomb of Khety, Deir el-Bahri, Thebes, Upper Egypt.

[troutfur]

how about a three-for-one special? 1, 21, and 40 for the writer questions ask game

Hi hi! Saw your responses and loved them! <3 You're so cool!

(Ask game)

1. What font do you write in? Do you actually care or is that just the default setting?

I answered this on my main already! I'll just copy over the answer:

When I write on Google Drive my go-to choice is Alegreya. I actually found this from when we were sharing Firetiger AU content over at the first iteration of the Objectively Correct group chat. I like it quite a lot for the UI of Google Drive, but I don't use it much these days because it's actually quite distracting to write on a browser window.

I use Focus Writer much more unless I'm sharing my writing. The default font there is what I use, it's... Times New Roman! TBH I didn't even know it was that one. Which honestly is a testament to how good of a distraction free UI it is that I can just live in complete ignorance about that.

21. Could you ever quit writing? Do you ever wish you could? Why or why not?

I hope I won't! I love creating. I can create content cattered to my specific tastes, I can spread creativity and inspire others, I can feel proud for a job well done. It can be tiring sometimes and I have plenty of dry spells of creativity. But I hope I can keep up this hobby indefinitely.

40. Please share a poem with me, I need it.

The Immortality of Writers from Papyrus Chester Beatty IV has been stuck in my mind as of late, so here:

If you would only accomplish this, becoming expert in writing: Those writers of knowledge from the time of events after the gods, those who foretold the future, their names have become fixed for eternity, though they are gone, they have completed their lifespan, and all their kin are forgotten.

They did not make for themselves a chapel of copper, or a stela for it of iron from the sky. They did not manage to leave heirs, from their children, to pronounce their names, but they have achieved heirs out of writings, out of the teachings in those.

They are given the book as ritual-priest, The writing-board as loving-son. Teachings are their chapels, the writing-rush their child, and the block of stone the wife. From great to small, (all) are given as his children, for the writer, he is their leader.

The doors of their chapels are undone, Their ka-priests have gone. Their tombstones are smeared with mud, their tombs are forgotten, but their names are read out on their scrolls, written when they were young. Being remembered makes them, to the limits of eternity.

Be a writer - put it in your heart, and your name is created by the same. Scrolls are more useful than tombstones, than building a solid enclosure. They act as chapels and chambers, by the desire of the one pronouncing their name. For sure there is most use in the cemetery for a name in the mouths of men.

A man is dead, his corpse is in the ground: when all his family are laid in the earth, It is writing that lets him be remembered, in the mouth of the reciter of the formula. Scrolls are more useful than a built house, than chapels on the west, they are more perfect than palace towers, longer-lasting than a monument in a temple.

Is there anyone here like Hordedef? Is there another like Imhotep? There is no family born for us like Neferty, and Khety their leader. Let me remind you of the name of Ptahemdjehuty Khakheperraseneb. Is there another like Ptahhotep? Kaires too?

Those who knew how to foretell the future, What came from their mouths took place, and may be found in (their) phrasing. They are given the offspring of others as heirs as if their (own) children. They hid their powers from the whole land, to be read in (their) teachings. They are gone, their names might be forgotten, but writing lets them be remembered.

[afam24]

Part 1

Ancient Egyptian Art They Don't Show

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Part 2

Ancient Egyptian Art They Don't Show continued

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Part 3

DNA and Eyewitness Accounts

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Part 4

Just for fun

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Pin by shwat2013 on A | Pandora screenshot, Pandora

To say blacks had nothing to do with ancient Egypt is like a mainstream articles leaving you with the impression that hip hop was Hispanic a

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Part 5

Sub Saharan African History (part 1of 3 ...The link under this one is similar with a few exceptions. Also part 1 of 3)

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ancient wall of kano nigeria - Bing

Sub Saharan African Kingdoms Part 1 of 3 There are ruins all over Africa of past civilizations. Also traditional African Clothing, ancient

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Part 6

Sub Saharan African Kingdoms (1 of 3, same as one above... minus a few links)

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Sub Saharan African KingdomsPart of There are ruins all over

Sub Saharan African KingdomsPart of There are ruins all over Africa of past civilizations Also traditional African Clothing ancient metal fa

notepin.co

Part 7

Sub Saharan African Kingdoms (2 of 3)

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part Sub Saharan history Angola When the Portuguese arrived in

part Sub Saharan history Angola When the Portuguese arrived in Kongo Angola Mbanza Kongo was already a large town perhaps the largest in sub

notepin.co

Part 8

Sub Saharan African Kingdoms (3 of 3)

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Part Modern and more recent Sub Saharan Africans from various

Part Modern and more recent Sub Saharan Africans from various countrieshttps txt fyi bcb bd Traditional African Clothing SubSaharan clothing

notepin.co

Part 9

A few African American Achievements

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A few African American AchievementsTowns started by African Americans Some

A few African American AchievementsTowns started by African Americans Some still exist but many lost population and a few were destroyed Gre

notepin.co

Part 10

Video compilation

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Video compilation reveals actual footage of wall paintings from inside

Video compilation reveals actual footage of wall paintings from inside Nothing redrawn and these are not Afrocentric videos They are from a

notepin.co

Be sure to stop at the bottom where it says "More from @afcnamrcn23", to continue with post in sequence

[afcnamrcn23]

The features and skintones of the darker complected Egyptians certainly reflect in ancient art.

Rahotep and Nofret compared to a man and woman from Aswan Egypt

Another possibility for Rahotep and Nofret.https://www.agefotostock.com/age/en/details-photo/country-life-in-small-villages-along-the-nile-between-qena-and-luxor-upper-egypt/A91-532829

Top left is from an old Louvre Museum publication, showing a rarely seen face fragment depicting the mother of Menkaure, compared to a North Sudanese woman. Top right, Nubian Egyptian men comparisons, and bottom right , we see Egyptian Nubians of the Aswan area, photographed on a visit by Sisi ( Egyptian president)

.https://oladiab.com/tag/sudanese-excellence/

Museum PDF with face fragment is under picture with

https://www.tumblr.com/shwat2013/659991401493364736/old-pictures-of-the-mothers-of-pepi-ii-top .

President's visit to Nubian village https://www.tumblr.com/afcnamrcn23/714164303458091008/celebration-oriental-egyptian-wedding-location?source=share

Menkaure of dynasty 4, with his queens top left. A Bicharin ( Beja) woman of south Egypt, latter 1800s, in the top right picture. Photo of a "Nubian- Egyptian" man from an old book, bottom left. In the bottom right picture is a Northern Sudanese women (near Egypt). Who's to say they didn't look like this in reality. IT'S KIND OF "UP IN THE AIR".

Menkaure is wearing a Nubian hairstyle outside the nemes ( photo by Reisner, 1908, in the black and white pictures),

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http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/objects/61199/full/

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Notice in roughly the 12th picture down (different portrait of Menkaure...It may move in position to the 2nd picture), it seems the dark brown paint is still on the statue. I remember as a early teen in the 80s, reading a caption from an old museum publication (probably from the 1930s - 50s). It stated that there was once dark brown paint for the face, and black for mustache, but unintentionally removed in an attempt to clean it (hmm?). I've been searching for the statement online, but to no avail. What I did find is another article stating red paint and a mustache. It is certain I read dark brown paint in the 80s because my mind locked on that interesting detail, and wondered…was he black African.

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http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/photos/28730/full/

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http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/search-results/?q=Head%20of%20alabaster%20statue%20of%20Menkaure%20&page=9. .

Quick reminder of hairstyle being represented whether wig or natural hair

https://www.tumblr.com/afcnamrcn23/739781757702963200/egyptian-nubian-man-second-row-on-left-early?source=share

Menkaure Museums of Art and History, Brussels on the left. Nubian Egyptians and Menkaure with queen as youths, between an adult lady. Who's to say they didn't look like that. It's kind of "up in the air".

Woman from Aswan Egypt and a painting from Nebseni

south Egyptians from a publication in the 80s and a painting in the tomb of Ipy  

Egyptian Nubian activist (top) compared to Djefre ( Khufu's son. Different lighting can have an affect on a person's overall look in photos

A man in Egypt of the black persuasion (1800s) and Menkaure

Egyptians from Aswan to the Abu Simbel area (closer to Sudanese border), and ancient wall paintings from early to 12 dynastic period (2 from the 18th).

Some are darker than chestnut brown in Kheti, Baqet, Ankhtifi, and Khnumhotep of the 10th - 12th dynasties (almost like the artist acrylic colors burnt umber and sienna at times ☝🏾-☝🏿). Chicago Egyptologist Yurco explains the darker coloring and Nubian like hairstyles of this era. In a 1989 article he states that many were from the southern Egyptian area near Sudanese boarder. According to one article, only 4 of the 39 rock cut tombs at Beni Hassan were open to the public over the decades.

Tan complected Egyptians from the Giza area (Top right) and Nubian-Egyptians (Bottom right). Wall paintings are from the 12th dynasty, Amey the nomarch under Senurset I - - (Amenemhat nomarch, tomb BH2) showing color variation. Bottom picture, Egyptian Nubians.

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https://64.media.tumblr.com/92f643be4a82f2c732ee097c36609be9/ad5d0a65395254ec-6d/s1280x1920/4d8960bb4863142e9f9a64c60822c113e2c8aee2.jpg. .

More at the bottom of this compilation links to rarely shown scenes depiction males with extreme color variations in the same painting.

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Three tones, same painting in this link

https://64.media.tumblr.com/dd8ac3d24f4e6fb2153ad08b956ff266/dbb44cf56bfea1cf-e2/s250x400/e535d6cd5b9412dc4c5a861cfed1f4e904b6bf2c.jpg.

more clear version

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ_re-Q09RvazF_4eVndQi7ggf0RJbrXJgTxg&usqp=CAU

Queen Tiye, young ladies and girls from Aswan Egypt to North Sudan ( notice the natural hair type)

Both queen Tiye and her husband Amenhotep III depicted as dark chestnut shell brown in the same scene ( museum version and actual tomb painting)

1https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/548566

2https://www.arce.org/project/conservation-tomb-anen-tt120

On the left is Hathor-Neferhotep of the 3rd dynasty...the wife of Khabau-sokar. The old picture is from the book Egyptian Art in Age of the Pyramids. In the middle is a Bishari woman of the 1800s in Southern Egypt. On the right is a Northern Sudanese women (near Egypt) in traditional garb.

Egyptian wall paintings in the top 3 pictures. The very top is Baqet III from the 10th dynastic period. The bottom show Nubians bringing tribute in the paintings of Rekhmire https://www.art9000.com/english/fine-art/artist/image/akg-anonymous/15806/1/124670/hunting-scenes---tomb-of-baket-iii/index.htm

We see darker chestnut brown in the scenes of Perneb of the 5th dynasty and more of an orangish tone in the scenes of Mereruka (also has a few darker colorings). I can attest that the contrast of the Perneb scene is absolutely accurate these pictures.

Youth of Wadi Halfa at the Sudanese/Egyptian border

Youth of Wadi Halfa at the Egyptian/Sudanese boarder and Senusret III or Amenemhat III, at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli)

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https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/head-of-a-sphinx-of-sesostris-iii-or-amenemhat-iii/NAHNlyJolTVIGA 2 https://www.reddit.com/r/OutoftheTombs/comments/vao7bf/figure_fragment_of_a_king/ 3

Toronto ROM (Royal Ontario Museum)

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Buste-dune-statue-anepigraphe-probablement-a-limage-de-Sesostris-III-Gres_fig5_341119589 4 https://www.reddit.com/r/OutoftheTombs/comments/oel7q2/obsidian_sphinx_of_amenemhat_iii_lions_mane_holes/

This man, seen in Cairo of the latter 1800s through early 1900s, reminds me of the less stylized portraits of Senusret III or his son Amenemhat III

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A Nubian lady of Northern Sudan, and man of Aswan, Egypt next to Menkaure and his queen Khamerernebty II. I'm sure when one sees this statue in the museum, the conclusion in the mind would be not black. The Nubian population of today, as well as certain brushed over details in the art itself, shows the possibilities of them leaning toward a black persuasion

unidentified bust of a 4th dynasty woman at the San Antonio Museum and Nubian ladies of the Assounn area in Egypt (1800s)

Thutmose III compared to a Young man of Aswan Egypt ( if he actually leaned "black" in appearance). Kahotep of the 5th dynasty (in Berlin Museum), compared to a man from Gharb Sohel, Egypt, outside of Aswan....just to illustrate the possibilities of him looking like someone of a "black" African appearance.

Even though there are those who superimpose Caucasian features over the existing face of the sphinx, any intellectually honest person can look at the profile and tell there was someone identifiably black in this 4th dynasty family. Case in point…On an uncut version of the 1993 documentary"Mysteries of the Sphinx, NYC detective Domingo, one of the nation's leading police artist at the time, stated that the features of the sphinx are consistent with African Americans

A couple dance in traditional attire at Abu Simbel area in Egypt, a rarely shown head of Khufu from the Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, Munich Germany (State Museum of Egyptian Art), and a painting of his wife Hetepheres with daughter and grandson behind her (Notice how Khufu's wife is very lightskin with reddish hair (front), his daughter medium brown (middle), and grandson in a chestnut shell brown color ( back). This is shown to help establish the possibility of Khufu being black, wife white or “middle eastern”, and the children and grandchildren of a “mixed” appearance).

The bottom picture is a rare one of Khufu at the Barcelona Egyptian Museum (Spain)

Simular combinations in modern day North Sudan and Southern Egypt -amongst the same racial types in the area http://detoursinsudan.blogspot.com/2012/12/lets-talk-about-marriage.html?m=1

Just a few more not seen in previous post

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More from Luxor to Aswan and Abu Simbel area

Abu Simbel

https://href.li/?https://www.pinterest.com/shwat2013/abu-simbel/ Luxor - Edfu

https://href.li/?https://www.pinterest.com/shwat2013/tanned-complexion-on-egyptians/

Aswan to Abu Simbel and Wadi Halfa (Sudanese border).

https://href.li/?https://www.pinterest.com/shwat2013/southern-egyptians-of-today/

More rarities from the Middle Kingdom era, showing dark brown continuously (not reddish). Also clearvideo footage of the inside. https://www.tumblr.com/afcnamrcn23/728943321932791808/15-hair-type-and-style-of-youth-in-old-assouann?source=share

Males with extreme color variations in the same painting.

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(Top picture):Accurate reproduction of Ashayet, a queen of Mentuhotep, from the New York Metropolitan Museum. She is clearly in the "Nubian color". Notice how the two males in the scene are different shades of "reddish brown". (Bottom) The other two coal black ladies in the Ashayet painting. This is the actual scene in the Cairo Museum. People relate this queen's color to religious symbology, yet a dilemma is created when we try to explain away the two tribute bearers in the same scene

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WOMEN WITH EXTREME COLOR VARIATION

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Be sure to stop at the bottom where it says "More from @afcnamrcn23". Don't be distracted by the pictures and links under that. They will occur again so that you can continue with the main post in sequence.

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[23-tiny-wishes]

Explore the tomb of Khety (Tomb 17) at Beni Hasan in virtual reality! A lovely example of a First Intermediate period/Middle Kingdom rock-cut tomb. This one has been reused as a Coptic church, hence the removal of some of the supporting papyrus-bundle columns and the niche cut in the wall.

[ancientegyptdaily]

The Theban Tomb known as MMA 507 is located in Deir el-Bahari. It forms part of the Theban Necropolis, situated on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor. The tomb is the burial place of approximately 60 slain soldiers dating to the 12th Dynasty.

The tomb was discovered by Herbert Eustis Winlock in 1923. It is located near the tomb of Kheti, the chancellor. The tomb had been robbed in antiquity and a pile of remains was found. The soldiers died from arrow wounds. Winlock commented that none of the bodies showed the trauma of hand-to-hand combat. Names of the soldiers included Ameny, Sebekhotep, Sebeknakht, Intef, Intefoker, Mentuhotep, and Senwosret. Winlock dated the tomb to the 11th Dynasty.

The date of the tomb was reassessed by Vogel. The current thinking is that the tomb dates to the 12th dynasty, likely from the time of Senusret I. [X]

[herumose]

Wrestling/Boxing in Ancient Egypt

On the walls of Baqet III (BH15/Tomb 15) at Ben-Hasan there is fantastic depictions of fighting maneuvers. The tomb dates back to the 11th Dynasty and yet the figures likely show a form of fighting that has been around the civilization much longer than the tomb itself. This was a martial arts that was used for contest and very likely applied on the battlefield when necessary.

Baqet III himself had lived during the reign of Pharaoh Mentuhotep II. During his lifetime he had acquired the titles beyond that of of governor of his nome (Men'at Khufu which is now modern day Minya) that dubbed him "haty-a, treasurer of the King of Lower Egypt, confidential friend, true royal acquaintance, and mayor of Nekheb".

Baqet III lived during a time when civil war was still lingering from the First Intermediate Period and although Mantuhotep II was the 6th ruler of his Dynasty, he is the one to reunit Egypt as a whole. According to Egyptologist, Baqet realized that the Civil War was in favor of those in Thebes and thus he broke the neutrality of his territory to side with them. Upon his death, his loyalty allowed for his son to succeed him who was named Khety.

[carnegiemuseumnaturalhistory]

Archaeological Adventures in Egypt

Hello! I am Dr. Lisa Saladino Haney, Assistant Curator at Carnegie Museum of Natural History and resident Egyptologist. An Egyptologist is someone who studies the history, material culture, architecture, religion, and writing of the ancient Egyptians – one of the ancient cultural groups living in Africa’s Nile Valley. Learning about ancient cultures helps us to better understand the world today and to appreciate the creativity and ingenuity of people who lived thousands of years ago. Archaeology is one technique that allows us to interact with and study the past and there are hundreds of archaeological sites and projects throughout the Nile Valley that constantly add to our understanding of what life was like.

Trying to determine some of my favorite archaeological sites from my travels in Egypt turned out to be an impossible task! Please join me on this photo exploration of a few of the many interesting archaeological sites in Egypt and learn where you can find more information about active archaeological excavations and other projects going on in those areas.

Saqqara

Saqqara is an important cemetery site associated with the ancient Egyptian capital city of Memphis, near modern Cairo. The cemeteries at Saqqara contain a number of tombs, both royal and private, including the famous Step Pyramid of the Third Dynasty Egyptian king, Djoser (ca. 2630-2611 BCE). The earliest burials at the site date to the creation of the ancient Egyptian state and it remained an important site through the Graeco-Roman Period.

Royal Tombs: The Step Pyramid of Djoser

The Step Pyramid of Djoser marks an important step in the development of the pyramid-shaped royal tomb. The complex was designed by the famous royal architect Imhotep, who would later become deified in ancient Egypt. You can see a bronze statue of Imhotep in Walton Hall of Ancient Egypt. A 14-year long restoration project at the site was just completed in 2020 which included strengthening the overall integrity of the structure by filling in gaps in its six rectangular mastabas as well work on the interior burial chamber and passages of the pyramid.

Check out some pictures from my visit to the Step Pyramid in 2011, early on in the restoration process, or, for a gallery of photos and more on the newly completed restoration, click here.

Views of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara showing the scaffolding used for the restoration project (photos by author).

Old Kingdom Mastabas: Tombs of Kagemni and Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep

The Old Kingdom (ca. 2649-2150 BCE) mastabas at Saqqara are some of the most beautifully preserved and decorated tombs. Here are two of my favorites from my last visit. The tomb of Kagemni is the largest mastaba in the cemetery associated with the reign of the Sixth Dynasty king Teti (ca. 2323-2150 BCE). Kagemni was a Vizier, the highest position in the royal administration.

The tomb of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhoptep, also known as the tomb of the two brothers, dates to the late Fifth Dynasty and contains a number of exceptional scenes that underscore the closeness of the two men, both of whom served as overseers of the royal manicurists. Archaeologists uncovered a number of blocks from the tomb’s entrance repurposed in the nearby causeway of the pyramid complex of the late Fifth Dynasty king Unas (ca. 2353-2323 BCE). Thanks to the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, you can now go on a virtual tour of the tomb!

Here you see the names of the two tomb owners, Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep on a stone doorway inside their tomb as well the exterior of the mastaba (photos by author).

Scenes depicting Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep inside their tomb (photos by author).

Images from the Tomb of Kagemni at Saqqara depicting the tomb owner himself, a parade of offering bearers bringing animals, plants, food, and other supplies to the deceased, and a scene taking place on the Nile where we get an underwater view of a crocodile eating a fish (photos by author).

Beni Hasan

Beni Hasan is a cemetery site located in Middle Egypt, near the modern city of Minya, that was important during Egypt’s Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030-1640 BCE). During that time some of the most elite Egyptians were buried on the escarpment (desert cliff) with one of the most beautiful views of Nile Valley around! For more on excavations at Beni Hasan in the early 1900s visit the Griffith Institute and for a virtual tour of the tomb of Kheti at Beni Hasan visit the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.

Top: A row of tomb entrances in the cliff face at Beni Hasan (photo by author). Middle: Image of the Nomarch Khnumhotep II fishing and fowling in his tomb (photo by author). Bottom: View of the Nile Valley from the tombs at Beni Hasan (photo by author).

Karnak

Karnak temple complex is one of the largest religious sites in the world. The first temple at the site was built during the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030-1640 BCE) and the complex grew in size and complexity over time. The main temple at Karnak is dedicated to the Egyptian god Amun-Re, but there are smaller temples dedicated to Mut, Khonsu, and others. See if you can spot the snoozing pups in the pics below!

There are a number of ongoing excavations at Karnak that you can explore to learn more about the site. Check out this amazing minicourse on the Karnak Mut Precinct available on YouTube with Dr. Betsy Bryan, Alexander Badawy Chair of Egyptian Art and Archaeology and Director of Johns Hopkins’ excavations at the Mut Precinct.

Approach to Karnak Temple and processional way lined with Ram-headed sphinxes for the god Amun-Re (photos by author).

Sleepy Karnak pups (photos by author).

Inside Karnak Temple: Festival Hall of Thutmose III, Obelisks, exit towards the Sacred Lake, columns in the Hypostyle Hall (photos by author).

Lisa Saladino Haney is Postdoctoral Assistant Curator of Egypt on the Nile at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

[flyingcarpettours]

Al Minya Day Trip from Cairo

Take the chance and visit the historical city of Al Minya which once served as the capital of Egypt (1373 – 1390) BC when Ikhnaton and his beautiful wife queen Nefertiti founded this city as dedication to the cult of their new god. Experience Al Minya Day Trip from Cairo and visit Beni Hassan which contains about 40 tombs and decorated with paintings and drawings, explore Tuna El Gabal which is a large necropolis for the ancient town of Khnum or Hermopolis and then visit Tell Al Amarna where Ikhnaton decided to build the city. Enjoy the best of Al Minya with Al Minya Day Tour from Cairo where you will explore the amazing tombs of Beni Hassan which was built in the middle kingdom between 2055 until 1650 BC, almost in the 12th dynasty. This necropolis was established to bury the rulers and the elites of this province (El-Minia) on the ruins of a ‎much older burial site that was used during the period of the Old Kingdom. This necropolis belonged to the military ‎leaders and local rulers who chose to be buried in their provinces because of their ‎growing power and independence, in this period, rather than being buried near their kings in ‎Saqqara.‎ The Necropolis of Beni Hassan hosts 39 tombs, all these tombs are all situated on the same height and the entrances to the tombs are ‎located on the same plateau. Although the necropolis hosts 39 tombs, only 4 are open to public and another one with no decorations and known as The Tomb of Baqat who ruled the province in 11th dynasty. The Tomb of Khety‎, The Tomb of Amenmehat , and The Tomb of Khnumhotep II. With Al Minya Day Tour from Cairo explore the tomb of Isadora who was a young girl who lived in the town of Hermopolis and renowned for her beauty. Isadora has an unparalleled romantic and tragic story about her death, as she fall in love with a Roman Solider and they wanted to get married but her father refused this marriage, so they decided to run away, but unfortunately while she was crossing the Nile river, she drown. Her father built this tomb and wrote her story in the Greek language; he also mummified her body and put it in her mausoleum, which is still in the tomb till the moment in a glass box to be visible for the visitors. Finally you will explore Tell El Amarna which was built by Akhenaton and ‎his wife Queen Nefertiti, the city was built to be the center of the revolutionary religion that worshiped god Aten during the Amarna Period. A little ‎remain today of this great city that once extended over a surface area of around 15 ‎kilometers from the South to the North and contained temples, palaces, and governmental establishments. This piece of land hosted the Great Temple of Aten which is now covered by a ‎cemetery. The temples at Amarna are considerably different than most temples of ancient Egypt, which generally had roofed chambers and ‎sanctuaries, while The Temples of El Amarna are solar temples, it had roofless sanctuary to allow the sun rays to ‎enter inside the complex this was because it was constructed for the cult of the sun ‎god, Aten. ‎ Move to visit Tuna El Gabal area which is an archaeological village. It is considered the main feature in Al Minya, a large necropolis for the ancient town of Khnum or Hermopolis, The cemetery is located 11km from the city. Discover the area with Al Minya Day Trip from Cairo and know more about Tuna El Gabal which was considered a cemetery in the Pharaonic, Greek and Roman periods that contains many important monuments including the tomb and the chapel of Isadora, which dates back to the Greco-Roman period. Discover the underground catacombs of Tuna El Gabal, the main feature of Tuna El Gabal, it is different because it didn't house mummies of human as normal, instead it houses mummies of sacred animals such as baboons, ibises and falcons, because they were resembling god Thoth. Feast your eyes visiting the Tomb of Petosiris, who was a high priest of god Thoth, lived in the early Greco-Roman era. The decoration of this tomb is unique as it bears the Greco and the Pharaonic style of art, as well as the carvings and the paintings inside the tomb itself, you will also see traditional farming scenes with people who are dressed with Greek costume. It looks more like a temple than a tomb. Explore Al Minya Day Trip from Cairo Flying Carpet Tours guide will pick you up from your hotel in Cairo, drive by air-conditioned van to start your historical tour to El Minya, would take approximately 4 hours, beguile your eyes by visiting Beni Hassan, which has at almost 40 tombs. These tombs are all situated on the same height and the entrances to the tombs are ‎located on the same plateau. Tour will continue to Tuna El Gabel area, which was located on the western side of Ancient Hermopolis (El-ashmonen), a city that was dedicated to god Toht, god of wisedom, you’ll see the tomb chapel of petosiris and The Christian 5th century basilica, Tour also icludes a visit to Tell Al Amarna, where King Akhenaton and his wife queen Nefertiti founded this city as dedication to the cult of their new god. Relax by having Lunch at local restaurant, Finally Flying Carpet Tours guide will transfer you back to your hotel in Cairo.

Included • Pick up and drop off to your hotel in Cairo • Air-conditioned Van Cairo / Minya / Cairo • Excursion to Al Minya as mentioned at the above program • Entrance fees to the above mentioned sites • English speaking guide at the sites mentioned above • One Lunch at local restaurant • Bottle of Mineral Water during Cairo Excursion • All transfers in Cairo and Minya by air-conditioned Van • All service charges and taxes Excluded • Visa to Egypt • Any optional tours required • Tipping For more info about Al Minya Day Trip from Cairo: E-mail: sales@flyingcarpettours.com Website: www.flyingcarpettours.com Tel.: +201099906242

[peashooter85]

Ancient Egyptian wrestling/grappling, Tomb of Khety, circa 2000 BC

[tas32]

HW3

ANS TO QUESTION 2:

(a)    Came to know about mowerbots and veggiebots, learned that how can these small sized robots  bring revolution by helping us  producing our foods .

(b)    “Health problems, whether physical or mental, serious or minor, will often be treated in light of the sufferer’s genome. When leukemia researcher Lukas Wartman came down with leukemia himself in 2011 his leukemia researcher colleagues hit the ground running, using full genome analysis to rescue him from what appeared to be certain death”

 I think in near future by analyzing genome sequence we can apply appropriate treatments for certain diseases,including cancer.

(c)    Came to know about Lafora syndrome.

(d)    “Ultimately, superbabies will be designed and raised, whether with game changing genes or merely with desired combinations of normal genes” so we are going to get a generation of superheroes; they wont be suffered by any diseases or I have a question, are they going to be mortal like us?

(e)    “The growth of online learning means that one instructor could oversee a course with a million students in it” 

 That is true, I completely agree with this statement; but I think the quality of education will fall a bit, because its quite difficult to understand a concept that is  new to certain individuals, but at the same time I think it will reduce the cost for education and a student could attend a class anytime anywhere.

(f)    “Today’s students are mostly still educated like they were over 3,000 years ago. This is when the first records of classes taught by an instructor appear, approximately 2040 BCE, during the reign of Egyptian 11th dynasty pharaoh Mentuhotep II. The tomb of Kheti, his treasurer, calls upon graduates to behave well.”

So that means the concept of modern education teaching system is not that new at all.

(g)    “Online is changing higher education as students can increasingly attend class from home computers, taught by instructors who can also be at home, using digital textbooks to work on assignments that are posted online and handed in electronically. When home is far away, maybe another country, electronic distance education can enable learning that otherwise would be impossible. When home is merely across town, there can be considerable cost savings”

 That’s absolutely true for me as well; I live in pine bluff, Arkansas. So it’s quite difficult for me to attend each and every course I have in a semester. It’s cost effective as well, and I can save a lot of time by taking my courses online.

ANS TO QUESTION 1(PART 1):

My proposed project topic is Automation and I think the first impact I am going to talk about which is related to my project topic is Financial Security. We are living in the age of innovations and automation. In future, these sectors will expand more, they  will be on the driving seat of any country’s economy. As a result more and more people in various industry will lose their job due to automation. According to a research, anywhere from 5 to 44 % of all jobs in Europe could be replaced by automation in near future . In the future AI, Automation will be the driving force in every sector. self driven cars on the road, robots in various industry, battlefiled will reduce human involvement significantly. But on the other hand, automation will create and expand numerous roles in medicine, agriculture, manufacturing and other industries — will create jobs in robot development, programming and management.

The second impact I am going to talk about is quality. The quality of human life will surely be impacted by automation in future. In a industry, the production will be more precise. As a result, there will be no shortage of foods,daily necessary items. Social welfare programmes will be more precise by the help of AI .

ANS TO QUESTION 1(PART 2) :

The first impact I am going to talk about which is related to organizations such as business organizations is faster processing. Automation helps employees complete their tasks at a faster pace and improve processing time. This allows them to focus on the creative parts of their job and grow within their discipline. They also get a chance to develop their skills and be satisfied with their job. For instance, an efficient payroll software program makes the lives of HRs easier.

I think, Automation will play a positive role to increase the privacy of business, government, financial institutions. AI enabled cyberspace, with the manifestation of privacy related softwares, different types of security related machinaries will further increase the privacy of related organizations.

Tools used for automation can enhance communication and customer service. Since most of the tasks are handled by these systems, employees can focus on taking customer requests and improving service in this field.

For any organization, transparency between an employer and employees is of utmost importance.

It not only boosts productivity and dedication but also maintains a positive work environment. At the same time, having a clear picture of quarterly reports, sales, and status updates can give us a clear idea about our company’s performance.

  ANS TO QUESTION 1 (PART 3) :

Automation offers the promise of increased productivity, competitiveness and well-being. But these same technologies, including robotics, big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) will also have a major impact on social inequalities. It is this latter point that tends to make people nervous about – even hostile against – all things automatic. what can someone do for a automated future? The functioning of social welfare system in a automated world is a very big question also. If we talk about  society , the cost of necessary social programmes should also be high. Automation could affect various social groups differently and technological innovations will likely change social inequalities. The effect that this automation will have on society depends on a wide range of variables, including governance. But policymakers in a government can best balance the need to optimise the economic benefits of automation with the need to mitigate against its potential social risks. According to a research, anywhere from 5 to 44 % of all jobs in Europe could be replaced by automation in near future, and this will have huge impact on society. However, automation also has positive impacts on society. Automation enables some of the most repetitive, dangerous, dirty and otherwise undesirable jobs across all industries to be fulfilled by robots instead of human workers. By automating these tasks, robots are able to produce unparalleled quality, accuracy, repeatability and safety — benefits that would otherwise not be achievable thanks to the practical realities of many of these tasks. Automation maximizes the value and production of human employees — allowing them to focus on innovation, strategy and intangibles while robots fulfill the most repetitive tasks. These processes facilitate lower production costs, allowing domestic companies to remain globally competitive while providing exemplary service, quality and reliability.

[the-met-art]

Relief Fragment from the Tomb of Khety, Egyptian Art

Medium: Limestone, paint

Rogers Fund, 1926 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY

http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/545507

[all-tours-egypt]

Overnight Tour to El Minya from Luxor

To all devotees of antiquated human advancement, don't miss the opportunity to find the bride of Upper Egypt 'El Minya where you can visit the Beni Hassan, the

northern tombs and numerous more in an astonishing

2-day visit from Luxor

Experience Overnight El Minya Tours from Luxor with All Tours Egypt and find the opportunity to explore the considerable plain where Akhenaton got his heavenly motivation to manufacture his city, dumbfound your eyes between the bewildering Beni Hassan Tombs and more with Overnight El Minya Tours from Luxor

Day 01: Luxor / El Minya Tour

All Tours Egypt a representative will pick you up from your hotel in Luxor and transfer you to Minya, about 6 hours driving from Luxor Upon arrival at Minya, you will visit the city's site, including the great plain where Akhenaton received his divine inspiration to build his city. Lunch will be served is a quality local restaurant in

El Minya,

then you will be transferred to your hotel at Minya. Overnight in

El Minya.

Day 02: Beni Hassan & Tombs Tour / Luxor

In the morning, you will be driven to Beni Hassan, where you can see Bakhet tomb Khnumhotep tomb and Khety tomb, then proceeds to visit the northern tombs. Lunch in a good quality local restaurant in El Minya before driving back to your hotel in Luxor

Inclusions :

Pick up services from your hotel in Luxor and return

All transfers by a private air-conditioned vehicle

Private English speaking guide throughout tours

Entrance fees to all the sights in Minya

Two lunchtimes during tours in El Minya at a local restaurant

Mineral water and soft drink (One Coke Soft Drinks) onboard the vehicle

All services charges and taxes

Exclusions :

Any Extras not mentioned in the itinerary

Tipping

for more information kindly don´t hesitate to contact us, send us your email on

info@alltoursegypt.com or visit our web site www.alltoursegypt.com

Best regards  sales team LailaGabr 01066008448

[autodidact-adventures]

Architecture (Part 4): Egyptian Rock-Cut Tombs

During the Middle Kingdom (2134-1786 BC), private tombs shifted from using the mastaba design, to rock-cut tombs hewn directly out of the hills along the Nile.  The pharaohs soon adopted the practice, too, for security reasons.  The rock-cut tombs reached their peak during the New Kingdom (1570-1085 BC), built by craftsmen supported by the pharaoh.

Rock-cut tombs near Aswan.

The Valley of the Kings is situated on the west bank of Thebes, and this decision may have been because of the natural pyramid shape of the Western Mountain.  These tombs continued to imitate domestic building design, with many chambers for funerary goods as well as the deceased's body.  They were decorated with bright colours, with subjects ranging from scenes of daily life to high ritual, the gods, and funerals.

Western Mountain.

Beni Hasan is a cemetery site that was used mostly during the Middle Kingdom (there are also some Old Kingdom burials).  There are 39 Middle Kingdom tombs, built mostly during the 11th and 12th Dynasties for provincial officials.  The entrance faced the rising sun, and the portico were like those of domestic houses, as we can see from the models of houses included in funerary goods.

Middle Kingdom tombs.

Tombs of Wahkare Khety (9th/10th Dynasty) Baqet III (11th Dynasty).

Amenemhet’s tomb (12th Dynasty).

The entrance to the Beni Hasan tombs was flanked by two pillars. Inside, a rectangular-shaped chamber was supported by four columns, and a niche was cut into the back wall.  The ceiling was flat or slightly vaulted, and there was no light source apart from the entrance.

As can be seen above, the columns had large, flat, circular base stones.  This would become the standard form of column base throughout Egyptian architecture (with a bit of modification).

The columns were cut into either an octagonal, or fluted 16-sided form.  This may have been an entirely aesthetic decision, to soften the square structure's appearance.  The columns narrow slightly up to the top.  They have no capital, just a square slab or abacus.

Security measures included pits, false floors and dummy chambers.  A false floor led the trespasser to an empty dummy chamber, while the real burial chamber was hidden beneath him.

The Beni Hasan tombs, like those of that time, were relatively simple.  So were the royal tombs.  But by the 19th Dynasty (second dynasty of the New Kingdom), the royal tombs had developed into an elaborate series of chambers, linked by corridors and stairways.  They were built by specialized teams of workmen from the village of Deir el-Medina, and were decorated with raised reliefs.

Floor plan.

Aerial view of Deir el-Medina.

Tombs in the Valley of the Kings was built & used during the New Kingdom.  The entrances were cut into the bedrock to try and hide them – quite a change from the attention-grabbing pyramids.  The construction of a later tomb actually buried Tutankhamun's tomb, which wasn't rediscovered until 1922.

Tomb entrance of Ramesses XI (20th Dynasty).

Inside the highly-decorated burial chamber was the sarcophagus – a large stone coffin, often carved from solid blocks of granite, which held the mummy.  It was decorated with hieroglyphics.

Tutankhamun’s burial chamber (18th Dynasty).

Sarcophagus of Thutmose III (18th Dynasty).

Sarcophagus of Ramesses III (20th Dynasty).