#tinamiformes

[herpsandbirds]

Puna Tinamou (Tinamotis pentlandii), family Tinamidae, order Tinamiformes, found in Puna (high altitude grassland) in the Southern Andes Mountains of South America.

The tinamous are an ancient group of birds, related to ratites (ostriches, rheas, emus, and cassowaries).

Though they are not strong flyers, they are capable of flight.

photographs: Joxerra Aihartza, Marco Velentini, Esteban Villanueva, Luke Seitz

[alonglistofbirds]

[2434/11080] Cinereous tinamou - Crypturellus cinereus

Order: Tinamiformes (tinamous) Family: Tinamidae Subfamily: Tinaminae (forest tinamous)

Photo credit: Nick Athanas via Macaulay Library

[bestfurrywife]

1. Apterygiformes

2. Struthioniformes

3. Galliformes

4. Anseriformes

5. Rheiformes

6. Casuariiformes

7. Tinamiformes

There's only 4 species in the Casuariiformes order, so as promised we will skip right to species!!!

Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Vertebrata

Class: Aves

Infraclass or superorder: Paleognathae or Galloanserae

[fascinator-birds]

Elegant Crested-Tinamou (Eudromia elegans)

© Michael I Christie

[iicraft505]

Highland Tinamou (Nothocercus bonapartei)

Public Domain

[hello-birdies]

Crypturellus undulatus by Rodrigo Conte

[thalassarche]

Elegant Crested Tinamou (Eudromia elegans) - photo by elrina753

[draconesmundi]

What do you have Yamata No Orochi as?

In the last draft he was a male fucanglong (Basilodraco opulentus), a red dragon usually native to southern China, but an especially large one had made it’s way to Izumo.

Male fucanglong were responsible for looking after eggs and raising their young. The eggs, which were shimmering and pearl like, were used to advertise to females that he had already been trusted with the eggs of other females so his den would be a safe place for their eggs - similar to the mating display of the tinamou birds (Tinamiformes). Once the eggs hatched, the male would then transport the young around on his back, partially because their venom-spit made for an excellent defense, partially because a threat display with a lot of wriggling heads made him look bigger, and partially because again if a male can prove himself as a safe and reliable father than he is more likely to get matings next season.

Yamata no Orochi had eight heads in the legend, meaning one adult head and seven offspring heads in his Dracones Mundi counterpart. These dragons are not from this region of Japan normally, so seeing one would definitely have been a legend of note, as he was larger and redder compared to the dragons native to Izumo province. Dragons getting drunk on alcohol is a fairly standard myth, and from a variety of anecdotal evidence about elephants, bears, horses and monkeys I am fairly confident that an animal would get drunk if given the opportunity, so much of the legend would continue as normal.

In my recent reshuffling, I’ve booted Basilodraco opulentus because I had too many dragon species in East Asia (one of the reasons I wrote Dracones Mundi was that I felt dragons in East Asia are underrepresented, usually one token ‘eastern dragon’, or ‘chinese dragon’, without delving deep enough into how many dragons there are. My 2020 draft has fewer eastern dragons than my 2019 draft, but I am fairly confident there is enough variety to match the legends!).

Yamata no Orochi is either going to be assigned to the Japanese dragon ryu (Tridactyldraco maritimus), or to the ‘pink dragon’ (link to post here), or to another new species, a type of wyvern which also does the ‘carry babies on back to make hydra heads’ behaviour. This wyvern may also be the Biblical crimson dragon representing Satan in Revelations - a beast with seven heads and ten horns, that is to say, five male heads with two horns each and two hornless female heads.

Of these 3 options (ryu, pink dragon, hydra wyvern) I will choose a good Yamata no Orochi based on what the dragons end up looking like, what their ecology is like, and whether I put them in the book. The ryu is a strong contender for Orochi, but aside from this story I don’t hear of many multi-headed dragon legends to back up hydra dragons being native and common in Japan. The ryu therefore remain a separate dragon from Yamata no Orochi. The pink dragon is good, but in my head I see them as rather small dragons, not gigantic, and to be honest I am still on the fence on making the pink dragon official. The hydra wyvern is also an unofficial dragon at present, as  I imagine it being a super rare, super big dragon, and I’m not fussed into working out it’s ecology and why it’s super rare and super big just yet.

So Yamata no Orochi was a fucanglong from 2018-2019, but may become something else in 2020 as I work out what dragons definitely live in Asia within the world of Dracones Mundi.

Thanks for the question!

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Euryapteryx curtus

By Jack Wood

Etymology: Broad Lacker of Wings

First Described By: Haast, 1874

Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostylia, Ornithothoraces, Euornithes, Ornithuromorpha, Ornithurae, Neornithes, Palaeognathae, Notopalaeognathae, Tinamiformes + Dinornithiformes Clade, Dinornithiformes, Emeidae

Status: Extinct

Time and Place: Between 130,000 and 600 years ago, from the Chibanian of the Pleistocene and the Holocene 

The Broad-Billed Moa is known from all over the New Zealand islands, especially lowland dunes, forests, shrublands, and grasslands 

Physical Description: The Broad-Billed Moa was a large, bulky dinosaur, covered in very shaggy feathers all over its body. It had a long neck, ending in a small head, with a wide bill - hence the name! It also had very sturdy, thick feet. These birds - like all Moa - entirely lost their wings, giving them a fairly boxy appearance. Their shaggy feathers would have been somewhat monochromatic, as well. These birds would grow up to one meter long, and females of this species were probably larger than the males. 

Diet: The Broad-Billed Moa was an herbivore, grazing on a wide variety of plant material (including grass). 

By Michael B. H., CC BY-SA 3.0 

Behavior: These birds would have been somewhat slower animals, spending most of their time lumbering about the coasts and plains of New Zealand, and eating most of the plant material they could find. They probably would eat as much food as they could, using their broad bills to grab more food and to not selectively browse on specific plants. They also probably herded together, forming loose groups as they roamed across the fields for food. These birds probably took care of their young, though how and to what extent is uncertain as it varies quite a bit amongst other ratites. 

Ecosystem: New Zealand in the Pleistocene and Holocene was an extremely unique ecosystem, one of the few places in the world largely free of mammals during the Cenozoic. This meant that birds tended to fill the niches of mammals, doing things that ancient non-avian dinosaurs used to do. In addition, the lack of mammalian predators allowed for extensive diversification of birds even within their usual niches - the weird New Zealand Wrens, for example, are some of the most unique types of perching birds.  

By Scott Reid 

This environment consisted of many other Moas, such as Pachyornis, Anomalopteryx, and Dinornis just to name a few; the aforementioned Kiwi bird; and other large weird birds like the Kākāpō and Kea and Kākā, other parrots, other passerines, cuckoos, swifts, water birds, owls, and more. During the days of the Moa, there was also the Haast’s Eagle, a large predator of Moa that would have been a huge thorn in the side of the Broad-Billed Moa. Also, there were Adzebills, weird relatives of living cranes that also filled the large land bird niche but with pointier beaks. In short, this was a modern-day Jurassic park, prior to being screwed up by human colonization and hunting, which drove many of these unique animals to extinction in the early modern period of history.

Other: For a long time, Moa like Euryapteryx were thought to be closely related to the other weird ratite of New Zealand, the Kiwi. However, later research revealed they were more closely related to the Tinamous of South America. What this shows is that, at some point, relatives of the Tinamous flew over to New Zealand, and colonized the island before becoming large, flightless weirdos.

~ By Meig Dickson

Sources Under the Cut 

Bunce, M., T. H. Worthy, M. J. Phillips, R. N. Holdaway, E. Willerslev, J. Haile, B. Shapiro, R. P. Scofield, A. Drummond, P. J. J. Kamp, and A. Cooper. 2009. The evolutionary history of the extinct ratite moa and New Zealand Neogene paleogeography. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:20646-20651

Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution 1-698

Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003). "Moas". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8: Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.

Gill, B. J. (2010). "Regional comparisons of the thickness of moa eggshell fragments (Aves: Dinornithiformes)". Records of the Australian Museum. 62: 115–122.

Lambrecht, K. 1933. Handbuch der Palaeornithologie. 1-1024

Milkovsky, J. 1995. Nomenclatural and taxonomic status of fossil birds described by H.G.L. Reichenbach in 1852. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 181:311-316

Owen, R. (1846). A History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds. London, UK: John Van Voorst.

Worthy, T. H., and R. N. Holdaway. 1994. Quaternary fossil faunas from caves in Takaka Valley and on Takaka Hill, northwest Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 24(3):297-391

Worthy, T. H., and R. N. Holdaway. 1996. Taphonomy of two holocene microvertebrate deposits, Takaka Hill, Nelson, New Zealand, and identification of the avian predator responsible. Historical Biology 12(1):1-24

Worthy, T. H. 1998. A remarkable fossil and archaeological avifauna from Marfells Beach, Lake Grassmere, South Island, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum 12:79-176

Worthy, T. H., and J. A. Grant-Mackie. 2003. Late-Pleistocene avifaunas from Cape Wanbrow, Otago, South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33(1):427-485

Worthy, T. H.; Scofield, R. P. (2012). "Twenty-first century advances in knowledge of the biology of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes): a new morphological analysis and moa diagnoses revised". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 39 (2): 87–153.

[lwhittierart]

Inktober day 9: Tinamiformes; Undulated tinamou

[fumblebeefae]

I've gots a questions. Do you know if there are any other extant non Neognathae besides Ratites? Also I'm having trouble finding ornithology Tumblrs, can you recommend any?

non-neognathae’s? You mean palaeognathaes. Since there are only two clades of birds I’m assuming you mean that. 

There are five branches of flightless birds withinpalaeognathaes (aka Ratites). As well as one flying branch- Tinamiformes. 

Tinamou are mostly found within Mexico, south and central America and look like this: 

As for ornithology blogs, I don’t follow many but here are a couple:

@lifewithdeadbirds

@ornithological

[herpsandbirds]

Elegant Crested-Tinamou (Eudromia elegans), male, family Tinamidae, order Tinamiformes, found in Patagonia in southern South America

The tinamous are an ancient group of birds, related to ratites (ostriches, rheas, emus, and cassowaries).

Though they are not strong flyers, they are capable of flight.

photograph by Ignacio Yúfera

[alonglistofbirds]

[2926/11080] Darwin's nothura - Nothura darwinii

Order: Tinamiformes (tinamous) Family: Tinamidae

Photo credit: Aldo Grangetto via Macaulay Library

[newtshirtcom]

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[sphynxtee]

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