#this is about the legislative system in Finland

[merulanoir]

Oh the absolute and indecent HIGH of asking a smart question at my commercial law lecture and then inventing a possible answer to it when the professor couldn't come up with one. I'm going to be riding this for WEEKS.

(can the power of an issued POA be altered in a way that counts as an implied contract)

[beardedmrbean]

According to Helsingin Sanomat, MPs are complaining about the poor workload distribution in the Parliament due to the number of committees assigned to each member.

"There are simply too many committees, or there are too few members. I belong to five committees or divisions, all of which require mandatory attendance," first-time MP Pauli Aalto-Setälä (NCP) wrote in a recent blog post.

Over the past 30 years, the number of committees in Parliament has significantly increased, leading representatives to generally serve as full members of two committees, plus alternate memberships.

Former Speaker Matti Vanhanen (Cen) told HS he hoped representatives would voice their concerns on the matter. Vanhanen tried to reform committee work during his tenure but was unsuccessful.

"The current system is completely absurd, hopping from one committee to another," he said.

Parliament members conduct legislative work in committees that typically meet on plenary session days, before the sessions begin at 2 pm.

Aalto-Setälä is a regular member of the Environment Committee and two divisions of the Finance Committee. He also is an alternate member of the Commerce Committee and the Grand Committee.

"Meetings often overlap, making it impossible to fulfil one's responsibilities properly. One, or at most two, committees would suffice for each representative," Aalto-Setälä said.

This situation is problematic when a committee needs a specific number of representatives for a quorum. During budget discussions, committee members have unusually heavy workloads.

This year, numerous budget-related legislative proposals have piled up in the Social Affairs and Health Committee, where member Ville Merinen (SDP) recently took sick leave, citing an "sick" work environment.

Vanhanen's proposal to reduce the number of required members in each committee failed due to opposition from smaller parties that would lose equal representation in the bodies.

Immigration-fuelled population growth

Just three years ago, Statistics Finland projected that the country's population would begin to decline by 2034.

However, Ilta-Sanomat reports that the agency's latest population forecast says that net immigration is sufficient to maintain Finland's population growth.

If net immigration remains at its current level, Finland's population could reach 6.5 million by 2070, according to the forecast.

Its 2024 forecast anticipates that the working-age population will increase by nearly 300,000 by 2040, peaking at around 3.84 million in the early 2050s.

Foreign meat at Kotipizza

Finland's largest pizza chain, Kotipizza, which has always emphasised its strong domestic sourcing, has made a surprising decision to include foreign meat in its offerings. Maaseudun Tulevaisuus was the first to report on the matter.

According to information on Kotipizza's website, the meat used in its products is no longer 100 percent domestically sourced. In November, the chain will introduce a new pizza featuring nduja sausage produced by a Danish meat producer, with meat sourced from Denmark, Germany and Poland.

Kotipizza said its decision stems from the chance to participate in international ingredient sourcing tenders through its parent company, the Norwegian Orkla Group, which acquired the chain in 2019.

According to the paper, Kotipizza may increase its use of foreign meat as it is currently tendering for chicken, salami, pepperoni, ham and bacon, with both domestic and international suppliers involved in the procurement process.

"In recent years, inflation and cost pressures in particular have affected how we can simultaneously ensure reasonable prices for our products and the profitability of our restaurant operators," Kotipizza said on its website.

[lboogie1906]

Sister Souljah (born Lisa Williamson in the Bronx on January 28, 1964) is an author, activist, and film producer. Bill Clinton criticized her remarks about race in the US during his presidential campaign. His repudiation of her comments led to what is now known in American politics as a Sister Souljah moment. She recounts in her memoir No Disrespect that she was born into poverty and raised on welfare for some years. At the age of 10, she moved with her family to the suburb of Englewood, New Jersey. She disliked what American students were being taught in school systems across the country. She felt that the school systems intentionally left out the African origins of civilization. She criticized the absence of a comprehensive curriculum of African-American history, which she felt that all students, black and white, needed to learn and understand to be properly educated. She was a legislative intern in the House of Representatives. She was the recipient of several honors during her teenage years. She visited Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Finland, and Russia. Her education was reinforced with first-hand experiences as she worked in a medical center in Mtepa Tepa and assisted refugee children from Mozambique. She traveled to South Africa and Zambia. She graduated from Rutgers University with a dual major in American History and African Studies. She became a well-known and outspoken voice on campus and wrote for the school newspaper. She was part of the Rutgers Coalition for Divestment, which prompted the University administration to divest $3.6 million in its financial holding companies. She and students across the state of New Jersey organized a successful campaign to get the state to divest more than $1 billion of its financial holdings. She spent the next three years developing, organizing, and financing programs such as African Survival Camp. She became the organizer of the National African Youth-Student Alliance and an outspoken voice against racially motivated violence in cases such as the race murder at Howard Beach. She is married to Mike Rich and they have a son. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence https://www.instagram.com/p/CoAQ8pGrHk9/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[gaast]

To say that Democrats' politics over the last few decades was completely divorced from the country's harsh rightward turn is to be ignorant at best and lying at worst.

When Obama was elected with a popular mandate to right the economy and bring justice to everyone who was harmed by the 2008 financial crisis, he used it instead to pass legislation that authorized Reagan-era trickle-down economics by giving huge payouts of public dollars to the very C-suite criminals who had just put so many people out of work, out of their homes, and out of their futures. He allowed Wall Street lobbyists to guide the direction of the legislation that was written in the wake of the financial crisis, and everybody watched it happen in real time. America limped towards recovery thanks to the billions of dollars used to help it recover--money taken, again, from taxpayers--went into the pockets of the obscenely wealthy.

Following that, charged with a completely dogshit health care system, Obama's signature legislation, dubbed Obamacare, forced people onto expensive marketplace plans that often offered minimum (read: inadequate) coverage. Rather than use their mandate to reshape the health care system based on models provided by Canada, Finland, or the UK, Democrats decided the better option would be to leave the system fundamentally undisturbed, except now if you don't get on your employer's plan, you can lose all the money you don't have on absurd premiums for health care you still can't afford.

Meanwhile, the Ferguson protests made all the more salient the fact that structural racism is alive and well in America. As countless people filled the streets to face an overmilitarized police force, the Democrats went to bat for the police, as they always do, wagging their fingers at the people who just want to not get murdered--or to at least see their murderers punished when they do get murdered. By failing to meaningfully address people's grievances over this issue, the Democrats ensured that more protests would erupt, guaranteeing condescending news coverage from a media environment that always kisses the rings of both the government and its police. Allowing these for-profit enterprises to cast the Black Lives Matter movement as a struggle between Black and white people, instead of as another theater of the class war raging in the country since Eisenhower, meant that further divides were made between people who should have been standing together in solidarity.

But even still, Democrats' fingers are in the many pies of the Bush administration's myriad failures. Check how many of them voted to authorize pretty much everything about the War on Terror. Hell, just check the votes on a handful of legislation. The Patriot Act? Passed the House 357-66 and the Senate 98-1. I don't think I need to tell you that there weren't 357 Republicans in the House, nor 98 in the Senate. No Child Left Behind? 381-41 in the House, 87-10 in the Senate.

The rise of the American Right was enabled by the Democrats' failures, at every turn, to work meaningfully for the working class, for immigrants, for women, for queers, for EVERYONE against the fucking CEOs, the oil executives, Wall Street, all the assholes prosecuting the class war on the side of property. To say that Donald Trump was made by Newt Gingrich and Fox News alone is to ignore the many, MANY ways that Democrats' legislative and political failures and missteps further stoked the very divisions among the working class that Fox and Gingrich and Trump prey upon. Biden's administration as President has done plenty to fight the working class. It has served as a weapon of the rich. Biden forced railroad unions to accept a contract they wanted to strike to improve. His Transportation Secretary actively refused to do anything to regulate the railroad industries' safety protocols following numerous high-profile rail disasters. Biden ran on a promise to give everyone $2000 in stimulus money, only to give us $600, less than Trump did, and tried to gaslight us into believing that we all knew that that's what he meant. He's sending weapons to Israel to kill Palestinians. He continued pretty much every single Trump-era immigration policy, including caging up kids at the border. Rather than fight for legislation to improve the lives of queer people, he just issued executive orders and pardons, the former of which can be easily and immediately overturned and the latter of which, while a good move, doesn't really help the fact that those people were treated as criminals for how fucking long, partially because of DOMA and Don't Ask Don't Tell, policies, lest we forget, that came into being in the Bill Clinton presidency (the former of which passed by veto-proof majorities). We make jokes about being unable to afford groceries largely because Biden refused to replace the Fed Chairman who said that he was managing inflation in such a way as to curb labor's power. He said that! He saw all the inroads that unions were making and said that he was going to use inflation to weaken them! And Biden let him stay! Biden agreed with him! Biden did! And he didn't fucking have to!

To sit here and wag your own goddam finger at anyone who doesn't want to participate in a system that has never, at any point, done any good for any of us is just fucking disgusting. It ignores the broader context of who and what Trump is, and who and what Biden is. It further enforces the goddam fucking class infighting that we all seem to love so fucking much, where it has to be Us against the Boomers and Trump country Voters and whatever the fuck else, like we aren't all fighting the same struggle, like we don't need to stand in solidarity with fucking racists and transphobes because we are ALL the ones who will suffer at the hands of fuckwits like Musk and whatever Exxon executive they want to take the fall for shaping climate-denial policy for decades to come. To say that I SHOULD, that I MUST do my part to legitimate the very system of my own fucking execution is fucking revolting.

The government is a fascist system no matter who's at the fucking levers and a fascist system will always seek to annihilate the working class. To even pretend that because one hand is "better" than the other is like saying that it's better to swallow arsenic than cyanide because at least arsenic doesn't kill you as fast. Newsflash: you're dead either way.

"The revolution is not the answer" "the revolution will leave behind the very people you say you want to protect" you are a bootlicker. You are a bootlicker.

You are a bootlicker.

You refuse, you REFUSE to imagine a better society. You have been defeated. You let your fatalism, your nihilism, overcome your idealism. You don't believe in solidarity. You don't believe in mutual aid. You don't believe in anything except making your own wretched little life as easy for you as you possibly can. You are content to fucking die.

Leave me out of it.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.4 (after 1940)

1940 – World War II: The Dunkirk evacuation ends: the British Armed Forces completes evacuation of 338,000 troops from Dunkirk in France. To rally the morale of the country, Winston Churchill delivers, only to the House of Commons, his famous "We shall fight on the beaches" speech. 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chūichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese Navy. 1942 – World War II: Gustaf Mannerheim, the Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Army, is granted the title of Marshal of Finland by the government on his 75th birthday. On the same day, Adolf Hitler arrives in Finland for a surprise visit to meet Mannerheim. 1943 – A military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo. 1944 – World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German Kriegsmarine submarine U-505: The first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century. 1944 – World War II: The United States Fifth Army captures Rome, although much of the German Fourteenth Army is able to withdraw to the north. 1961 – Cold War: In the Vienna summit, the Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev sparks the Berlin Crisis by threatening to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany and ending American, British and French access to East Berlin. 1967 – Seventy-two people are killed when a Canadair C-4 Argonaut crashes at Stockport in England. 1970 – Tonga gains independence from the British Empire. 1975 – The Governor of California Jerry Brown signs the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act into law, the first law in the United States giving farmworkers collective bargaining rights. 1977 – JVC introduces its VHS videotape at the Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago. It will eventually prevail against Sony's rival Betamax system in a format war to become the predominant home video medium. 1979 – Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown. 1983 – Gordon Kahl, who killed two US Marshals in Medina, North Dakota on February 13, is killed in a shootout in Smithville, Arkansas, along with a local sheriff, after a four-month manhunt. 1986 – Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel. 1988 – Three cars on a train carrying hexogen to Kazakhstan explode in Arzamas, Gorky Oblast, USSR, killing 91 and injuring about 1,500. 1989 – In the 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election, Ali Khamenei is elected as the new Supreme Leader of Iran after the death and funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini. 1989 – The Tiananmen Square protests and massacre are suppressed in Beijing by the People's Liberation Army, with between 241 and 10,000 dead (an unofficial estimate). 1989 – Solidarity's victory in the 1989 Polish legislative election, the first election since the Communist Polish United Workers' Party abandoned its monopoly of power. It sparks off the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe. 1989 – Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 575 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline. 1996 – The first flight of Ariane 5 explodes after roughly 37 seconds. It was a Cluster mission. 1998 – Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing. 2005 – The Civic Forum of the Romanians of Covasna, Harghita and Mureș is founded. 2010 – Falcon 9 Flight 1 is the maiden flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40. 2023 – Protests begin in Poland against the Duda government. 2023 – Four people are killed when a Cessna Citation V crashes into Mine Bank Mountain in Augusta County, Virginia.

[ramrodd]

How did the veterans of the Korean War and Vietnam War feel about Richard Nixon's visit to China in February 1972?

COMMENTARY:

I got back from Vietnam in May 1971 and started a job with a DC bank in September. Through a Roommate Referral, a service that put individuals and group houses together, I ended up living with a artist/painter and his dancer wife, a Navy Beach Jumper and a Army captain who loved Janis Joplin and Hated Nixon with a PhD in Mathematics who was working with computers at the Navy Ship Yard.

The Navy Beach Jumper had worked for EDS when he got back to the World and was working for The Alliance For Businessmen engaged in veteran employment issues. He was an informal Nixon activist and did volunteer work around veterans issues with CREEP, Nixon’s re-election apparatus. He got me involved in several veterans events with the campaign, including a bill signing at the White House where I shook hands with Nixon along with several hundred other vets. Charley ended up being a level or so beneath the point where the Watergate convictions ended but I really had no desire to be around the CREEP political activists and didn’t pursue any further involvement after the White House bill signing.

I voted for Nixon before I went to Vietnam and I voted for him after I got back. I’ve had absolutely no regrets for my vote and am satisfied that Nixon kept his promise to depart Vietnam with honor and that he kept the faith with veterans in that regards.

I also think Watergate was an unnecessary self-inflicted wound, on the one hand, and that the Plumbers was the cancer growing around the Nixon Presidency that fucked up Nixon’s legacy and that it was a good thing they all went to jail. Subsequent events tends to suggest that they learned the wrong lessons from their political failures and convictions, that is, instead of never doing anything like that again, they focused on avoiding getting caught the next time and helped guide the political agenda of the GOP into the January 6 Conspiracy with Donald T. Regan during the Reagan administration.

All that being said, I went to Vietnam to give whomsoever was POTUS the space and time to advance the national agenda along the critical path surveyed and initiated by George Washington and, in particular, Nixon accomplished that.

As I say, at the time, Nixon’s reprochement with the Soviets and Mao was above my pay grade. I knew that, by 1965, the Pentagon’s strategy in Vietnam was a battle of attrition against the Soviet economy by proxy and that it had been successful after I attended a lecture on the Soviet banking system at the ExIm Bank at about the same time. I have heard several times since this Russian incursion in Ukraine began that the Russian economy is the size of Finland’s economy and that’s exactly the way it looked to me from that lecture.

In retrospect, It has come to be my opinion that Vietnam convinced both Brezhnev, as a proxy for the Kremlin, and Mao that Marxism was untenable as a sustainable social agenda and that they were reconsidering Stalin’s rejection of the Marshall Plan as a rational program for economic recovery from WWII and the Cold War leading to the economic reconfiguration of Sino-Soviet Marxism.

This reconfiguration is why they agreed to Nixon-Brezhnev Detente and Mao-Nixon “Leaky Umbrella: summit, the premise of which was the transformation of the global Military-Industrial Complex to the Aerospace-Entrepreneurial Matrix required to sustain a Trump hotel at the NASA-Soyuz lunar base for the next 100 years that the combination of Eisenhower’s 1956 Presidential Platform and Apollo 11 made possible in 1972. The legislative package known as Affirmative Action that Nixon and Daniel Patrick Moynihan passed into law set this transformation into motion and, if Carter had been re-elected, there would have been a Trump hotel on the moon by 2001, just like the movie.

Reaganomics brought that transformation to a dead stop and the Conservative libertarian activists that came to town with Reagan in 1981 have dedicated the last 4o years to dismantling Affirmative Action, the Eisenhower 1956 Presidential Platform and the New Deal while doubling down on the Military Industrial Complex.

But, in 1972, that was all in the future. In 1972, I think I connected Detente and the China opening as connected to Nixon’s promise to get out of Vietnam. I had arrived in Vietnam in July 1970, just after Nixon’s Cambodian Incursion had deflated and just before the wholesale withdrawal from Vietnam really began. When I got there, there were 500,000+ troops in Vietnam and, when I left, there were less than 165,000. The Cambodian Incursion was a brilliant coup de main that had the effect of a battlefield angioplasty that robbed Hanoi of the capacity to conduct sustained combat operations until 1973 or so and allowed the US military to withdraw, with honor, on its own schedule without a reprise of either Dien Bien Phu nor Dunkirk.

And that was about as far as my thinking went in 1972.

It is also my opinion from living through it in DC that what happened to Nixon with Watergate is what would have happened to LBJ if he had stayed in the race. Until the January 6 Conspiracy, America came as close to blowing up in 1968 as we needed to get and LBJ’s withdrawal from the race let enough air out of the SDS anti-war balloon that Nixon was able to capture the initial global synergies wave from Apollo 11 and the celebration of Woodstock to launch his Peaceful Structures diplomacy and Affirmative Action domestic program successfully, in spite of Kent State.

As I say, Watergate was a self-inflicted wound amplified by the collective stupidity and anti-constitutional expedience of the Plumbers which was the cancer growing around the Nixon Presidency that has become the dominant coalition in the GOP and the core cadre of the January 6 Conspiracy obstructing BBB and the launch of the Green New Deal.

[rikaklassen]

CWs: transantagonism, eugenics

I'm at a loss how to feel about Canada becoming increasingly more right-wing outwardly. Three of the seven conservative provinces are now openly transmisic. And the biggest of the seven conservative provinces might become the fourth openly-transmisic.

At the moment, not a fan of liberals saying me as a resident of a conservative province deserves the decline in quality of life because we didn't vote hard enough when the government is not all that popular on a ranked ballot under a proportional representation system; only under a first-past-the-post system. Still can't believe it's 2024 and liberals don't understand what gerrymandering and "winner-takes-all" is. Let's alone the different forms of democracies and electoral systems.

And it's not like I can afford to move anywhere. Only reason why I was able to move last time was because a friend in Finland was concerned about my health and paid the rent for several years. Still had to pay my own groceries and such. That country was behind other European and North American legislations in term of trans rights and gay rights.

It's really sucks as a blind person I only have a few cities to choose from for reliable public transit. And all of the major hubs are extremely expensive to live in. At least in Finland, as long the centre-right isn't cutting services to rural areas, living outside of the major cities was tolerable.

Even then, non-disabled liberals  in Canada are really trying to push MAiD (medical assistance in dying) onto disabled people who financially cannot afford to live anymore, while at the same time aggressively slashing disability pensions and daily living equipment loans and grants.

Besides, in the few progressive places, they are still recovering from having their healthcare and disability programs completely razed by conservatives and liberals. Sad to say, even under the most right-wing government we have had for decades, our healthcare system is still functional.

I honestly don't know where to go even if I wanted to go anywhere. There's nowhere to flee to in a world where everyone's standard of living is dropping. And even if I could afford to leave, it's still settler entitlements to be able to uproot and relocate anywhere. So, I should stay behind and fight.

[casaazulblog]

“Venice Architecture Biennale "does not show any architecture" says Patrik Schumacher” 

A week before landing in Venice for my first Biennale, this was one of Dezeen’s top stories on the global event. Even thought it came with Schumacher’s name in the title, which is always reason enough to be careful about any statement, the article and Patrik’s full Facebook post left me worried about what I would find, or more acutely: not find in the Biennale. 

To be completely honest, when I booked my visit to Venice, I wasn’t expecting anything. But the “lack of architecture” described by Schumacher and “the risk of (the biennale) losing its position as the world's leading architecture event” were strong ideas that even had some parallel to Paulo Martins Barata’s review of the last Trienal de Arquitetura de Lisboa, at the time described as “terra a mais e arquitectura a menos”, with which I had partially agreed.

In both cases, the issue seemed to be that architecture exhibition curators were too much involved with parallel ideas and distanced from the practice of architecture itself. Too focused on niche social and political problems and not worried at all in casting light on pragmatic achievable solutions.

The truth is, the daily battles of the architecture practice are too many times concerned with niche parallel issues. Not of the paramount importance of decarbonization or decolonization studied by Lokko’s Biennale, but of despicable origins like the political consequences of the timing of a public announcement or the licensing and legislative delays by municipal and government officials.

Looking back, my experience working as an architect in the “real world” after leaving architecture school, can sometimes feel paradoxically disconnected from the real world itself. When I was finishing my master’s degree, the themes of ecological crisis and the necessity of a social and political paradigm shift didn’t feel strange at all. Not to me and - I thought I could say - not to anyone. 

At some point, these meta-issues were on the front pages of the newspapers and opened the news every day. Think of climate protests and the takedown of slave owners statues everywhere. These ideas were not strange to architecture, as they weren’t strange to philosophy, economy or even cinema, music and other arts.

This is why I believe that The Laboratory of the Future is well anchored to the world we are living in. The real one. Not just the world of a secluded European intellectual elite, but a truly global scope of contributions by practicing architects, educators, investigators and even students.

Nordic Countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway)

White Arkitekter 

Although sometimes the impressive range of the works presented was difficult to assimilate - like in the case of the labyrinthic Central Pavilion and the multiple black boxes showing long movies everywhere - most of the time the exhibitions were coherent and easy to follow. Even getting ironic at some points. 

The contrast between the Investigation of Xinjiang’s Network of Detention Camps by Killing Architects, where we take a look inside the absolute cruelty of the buildings designed following the Chinese Prison System Regulations and the Chinese Pavilion which features dozens of amazing projects is striking.

People’s Republic of China 

What I found in Venice was a lot of good architecture. Architecture in multiple understandings, scales and experiences. As I imagine it happens in every Biennale, some participations are a missed opportunity. This was the case with the United States, Korea and Germany, which for me failed in their presentations.

Switzerland 

Austria

France

A lot of countries had challenging themes, Austria for example managed to turn a failed proposal into a manifest. France turned a manifest into an art installation. And the majority of the participations turned an investigation into good exhibitions: Belgium, Greece, Denmark and Portugal. To name a few.

These were probably among my favorite, with the small caveat of the urgency to buy and read the respective catalogs. Thanks to Ryanair cabin bag policy, I did not buy a single one. And I regret this decision since the moment I landed back in Lisbon.

The main merit of Lesley Lokko’s Laboratory of the Future is to position (or better said: reposition) the global elite of privileged architects that can afford a weekend in Venice in what she poetically described as The Blue Hour. I chose to believe that we are experiencing the moment before sunrise.

Personal Favorites - Arsenale / Central Pavilion 

1. Neri&Hu Design and Research Office 

2. Flores & Prats Architects

3. ZAO/standardarchitecture

Honorable Mentions:

Hood Design Studio 

Olalekan Jeyifous 

Adjaye Associates 

Neri&Hu Design and Research Office 

Flores & Prats Architects

ZAO/standardarchitecture

Olalekan Jeyifous 

Personal Favorites - Participating Countries 

1. Belgium - In Vivo: Living in Mycelium

2. Greece - Bodies of Water

3. Denmark - Coastal Imaginaries

Honorable Mentions:

Republic of Uzbekistan - Unbuild Together

United Arab Emirates - Sweating Assets

Estonia - Home Stage

Belgium - In Vivo: Living in Mycelium

Greece - Bodies of Water

Denmark - Coastal Imaginaries

Estonia - Home Stage

Republic of Uzbekistan - Unbuild Together

[thosearentcrimes]

Yeah, it's the same sort of problem as with schools, where there are a lot of people making quite specific object-level arguments about reform while I'm still trying to establish what they think a "school" is by implication. Until/unless we decide or at least discuss what these systems are, for what purposes they are built and maintained, I don't think the discussion really has any value at all.

Regarding schools specifically, at some point a little over half a century ago, Finland figured out what they wanted schools to do, and then designed legislation around making schools do that. When European observers show up in Finland trying to learn how to repeat their successes, from what I gather the question of what the point of a school is seems to be the biggest stumbling block.

Now, with prisons, figuring out what the point is will probably be even harder. Few countries have figured out what they actually want to do with them, and the ones who do figure it out don't seem to want to do anything humane.

The whole "But what if a trans woman goes to a women's prison?!" thing is weird to me, because it raises the question of why prisons are segregated by sex in the first place, and what the fear is that a trans woman would do in a women's prison.

I have yet to find a good answer to this question, honestly. Guesses:

We can't prevent inmates from assaulting each other, but we figure we can kind of minimize it by at least only housing same sex inmates together on the theory that they'll at least be kind of evenly matched when they fight;

We don't give the inmates any privacy, but this is mildly less of an assault on their dignity if they are all of the same sex;

We punish inmates by denying them opportunities for normal sexual relationships for years at a time, and coed prisons would make it harder to do so;

Women's prisons are less unpleasant then men's prisons, and we don't want any men to accidentally get better treatment than they deserve;

All of those suggest that the problem is with prisons, and serious reforms would make the issue of trans people in the "wrong" prison essentially moot while also solving other major problems.

[qqueenofhades]

So it looks like Sinema, having gotten her requisite pound of flesh for her billionaire hedge fund buddies (basically, they agreed to keep the carried-interest tax loophole and replace it with an excise tax on stock buybacks), has finally agreed to support the Inflation Reduction Act, otherwise known as the $740 billion "pretty much Build Back Better but we are calling it something different" bill that Manchin and Schumer came out with. If/when it passes, which could be as soon as this weekend, the Democrats will have achieved -- with a 50-50 Senate with two habitual Manchurian candidates, a four-seat House majority, a rampantly fascist opposing party, a Supreme Court openly bent on destroying democracy and personal liberty, and an active criminal investigation into the previous administration -- at least the following:

The American Rescue Plan, aka the first post-inauguration $1.9 trillion Covid relief package, which was the largest investment in the working class since the New Deal;

The bipartisan infrastructure bill, which is the first major structural and transportation modernization and systemic overhaul for the country since the 1970s;

The first significant gun safety legislation in 30 years and since at least the Clinton administration;

Multiple executive orders now signed on protecting abortion rights and access to reproductive care, including travel out of state if necessary;

A bill in the works to officially codify same-sex marriage and thus protect it from SCOTUS;

Reauthorization and improvement of the Violence Against Women Act, including strong new protections for LGBTQ+ and Native American victims of domestic abuse or sexual assault, including the ability for Native courts to prosecute non-Native offenders for sex crimes for the first time in history;

Finally (FINALLY) making lynching a federal hate crime;

The largest climate legislation ever passed in America (this bill), which also establishes a federal minimum 15% corporate tax rate and lowers healthcare costs, including for essential medications like insulin, by, like, a lot;

Passage of the PACT Act, aka expanding healthcare for disabled veterans exposed to burn pits, also the biggest expansion in this field for a generation despite Republicans briefly killing it in an outburst of pettiness;

Consistent big packages of support for Ukraine, rebuilding of foreign alliances, huge bipartisan support for including Sweden and Finland in NATO (hahahaha fuck you Josh Hawley);

The CHIPS act, which creates tech and manufacturing jobs in America and was made even sweeter by how thoroughly they fucked over McTurtle to do it (since oh boy does he deserve a taste of his own medicine);

Ketanji Brown Jackson, the first Black woman on SCOTUS, and not an awful white supremacist stand-in like Clarence Thomas, but a genuinely progressive and thoughtful jurist;

Cancellation of almost $6 billion in student loans for the poorest and most defrauded borrowers, such as those who attended scam for-profit "colleges";

And so on and so forth!!!

So like. Please tell me more about how the Democrats are incompetent, their leadership is bad, they are in Disarray TM, you are a terrible person if you support Biden or give them any credit at all, and you're just not excited to vote because they haven't done anything. Like yes! There is a lot more to do! Despite them suddenly deciding to play ball on this particular occasion, Manchin and Sinema still need to be made irrelevant as soon as possible! But as I said, this is happening with the thinnest of imaginable Congressional control, as the other party is literally trying to destroy democracy in real time before our faces. That is not irrelevant.

Also: ruby-red Kansas curb-stomped an attempt to outlaw abortion rights, and approximately 77% of the entire country supports this current bill. The generic Congressional ballots have all shown major movement toward Democrats, and frankly, I have a feeling that we have only just started to see the full impact of post-Roe fallout. So if you get off your asses, quit whining, and put the work in, we could actually win the midterms and then do EVEN MORE!

So yeah. Uh. Food for thought.

[beardedmrbean]

Repercussions from Finns Party MP Timo Vornanen's night out last Thursday continue to reverberate around Finnish politics.

The North Karelian legislator was taken into custody by police, and is now suspected of firing a shot into the ground following an altercation at a karaoke bar in the early hours of Friday morning.

Helsingin Sanomat has interviewed several people present at the bar on Thursday, and offered new details about Vornanen's evening. It's an extensive story including several details not previously known, and is cited in several other media outlets on Tuesday.

Iltalehti, meanwhile, has a piece on Vornanen's other profession — policing. He is currently on leave from the police after his election last year, but can he continue to hold that position?

North Karelia police chief Samppa Holopainen was cautious, saying that it depends on many factors.

He declined to comment directly on the Vornanen case but speaking on a general level, he said that if charges are filed and an individual is convicted, then the police force would weigh those factors in deciding on appropriate disciplinary action.

Banking deception

Business daily Kauppalehti ran an unsettling editorial in which they detail recent events at the OmaSäästöpankki bank.

The bank has admitted a senior employee had downplayed the risks of its property loan portfolio, causing a 19 million euro dent in first quarter results.

The bank says it has learnt a valuable lesson, and the individual responsible for entering false data in its systems is no longer working for the institution.

This instance affected a small part of a sector that's responsible for just three percent of the bank's six billion euro balance sheet. While shocking, the OmaSäästöpankki revelations are quite small-scale.

But Kauppalehti asks unsettling questions about whether the next banking scandal might be on an altogether larger scale.

Loan books at the Silicon Valley Bank caused a bank run and a collapse last year, and the European Central Bank has warned of risks in the property sector.

With property and construction facing difficult times in the next year or two, KL asks if there is a possibility the next banking scandal might be much bigger.

Tappara shares on offer

Yesterday's paper review included news of Tappara's latest ice hockey championship, and today's edition includes a tip (from Aamulehti) on buying a chunk of Finland's most successful hockey club.

Some 1,580 shares in Tappara are being auctioned off on huutokaupat.com, as part of bankruptcy proceedings against the previous owner.

The shares would give the new owner a spot among the top 17 owners of the club. Others include the Finnish-British-Israeli London resident Chaim "Poju" Zabludowicz, and Florida Panthers centre Alexander Barkov.

At the time of writing there had been 49 offers from 11 bidders, with the highest at 45,500 euros. There are 18 days to go in the auction.

[westcoastcure99]

The Hemp Community and Healthcare Marijuana Controversy

Hashish is also acknowledged as pot, grass and weed but its formal recognize is really hashish. It comes from the leaves and flowers of the plant Hashish sativa. It is regarded as an unlawful compound in the US and a whole lot of countries and possession of marijuana is a legal offense punishable by regulation. The Fda classifies cannabis as Program I, substances which have a truly large possible for abuse and have no confirmed overall health-connected use. Much more than the several years several scientific studies assert that some substances found in hashish have medicinal use, particularly in terminal illnesses this form of as most cancers and AIDS. This commenced a intense dialogue over the execs and downsides of the use of wellness treatment cannabis. To settle this discussion, the Institute of Medicines unveiled the well-known 1999 IOM report entitled Cannabis and Medicine: Assessing the Science Foundation. The report was comprehensive but did not give a extremely obvious minimize confident or no answer. west coast cure The reverse camps of the wellness-associated hashish situation usually cite portion of the report in their advocacy arguments. Nonetheless, even even though the report clarified many items, it never ever at any time settled the controversy following and for all. Allow us research at the concerns that support why wellness care cannabis should be legalized. (1) Cannabis is a typically taking place herb and has been utilised from South The usa to Asia as an natural medicine for millennia. In this doing work day and age when the all regular and organic and organic are vital wellness buzzwords, a normally taking place herb like marijuana may possibly be considerably far more fascinating to and safer for customers than synthetic drugs. (2) Marijuana has effective therapeutic future. Several scientific studies, as summarized in the IOM report, have seen that cannabis can be employed as analgesic, e.g. to manage pain. A pair of investigation confirmed that THC, a marijuana factor is successful in dealing with extended-phrase distress skilled by most cancers individuals. Nonetheless, reports on acute discomfort this type of as individuals skilled for the duration of surgery and trauma have inconclusive scientific studies. A quantity of research, also summarized in the IOM report, have demonstrated that some cannabis variables have antiemetic residences and are, for that purpose, efficient towards nausea and vomiting, which are frequent facet implications of most cancers chemotherapy and radiation remedy. Some scientists are particular that cannabis has some therapeutic possible from neurological conditions this type of as several sclerosis. Distinctive compounds extracted from cannabis have sturdy therapeutic feasible. Cannobidiol (CBD), a crucial ingredient of marijuana, has been demonstrated to have antipsychotic, anticancer and antioxidant homes. Other cannabinoids have been revealed to quit huge intraocular anxiety (IOP), a key threat aspect for glaucoma. Drugs that include energetic components current in cannabis but have been synthetically made in the laboratory have been accredited by the US Fda. One particular certain instance is Marinol, an antiemetic agent indicated for nausea and vomiting linked with most cancers chemotherapy. Its energetic part is dronabinol, a synthetic delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). (3) A solitary of the major proponents of medical marijuana is the Cannabis Protection Undertaking (MPP), a US-largely based firm. Numerous wellness-connected specialist societies and businesses have expressed their support. As an circumstance in position, The American Faculty of Physicians, suggested a re-evaluation of the Plan I classification of cannabis in their 2008 area paper. ACP also expresses its robust help for evaluation into the therapeutic placement of cannabis as properly as exemption from federal jail prosecution civil liability or specialist sanctioning for physicians who prescribe or dispense well being treatment marijuana in accordance with condition regulation. In the exact same way, protection from lawful or civil penalties for clients who use health care hashish as permitted underneath point out policies. (four) Wellness treatment marijuana is legally employed in a good deal of designed international areas The argument of if they can do it, why not us? is one more robust stage. Some nations around the world, which includes Canada, Belgium, Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain, Israel, and Finland have legalized the therapeutic use of cannabis under stringent prescription control. Some states in the US are also enabling exemptions. Now listed here are the arguments from health care hashish. (one) Deficiency of understanding on security and efficacy. Drug regulation is based mostly on defense extremely 1st. The safety of marijuana and its factors even now has to really initial be set up. Efficacy only comes next. Even if hashish has some useful effectively being outcomes, the advantages should outweigh the hazards for it to be considered for healthcare use. Except if of course hashish is verified to be much better (safer and a whole lot much more powerful) than prescription drugs at current obtainable in the market place area, its acceptance for wellness treatment use could be a extended shot. According to the testimony of Robert J. Meyer of the Place of work of Wellness and Human Vendors getting accessibility to a drug or medical treatment method, without having comprehension how to use it or even if it is successful, does not advantage any individual. Merely possessing receive, without getting simple basic safety, efficacy, and sufficient use data does not aid victims. (two) Unfamiliar chemical elements. Wellness care hashish can only be easily offered and cost-effective in herbal type. Like other herbs, cannabis falls underneath the classification of botanical goods. Unpurified botanical items, even so, come across many difficulties such as entire lot-to-great offer regularity, dosage perseverance, efficiency, shelf-daily daily life, and toxicity. In accordance to the IOM report if there is any long term of cannabis as a drugs, it lies in its isolated areas, the cannabinoids and their artificial derivatives. To totally characterize the distinct factors of cannabis would cost so considerably time and income that the expenditures of the medicines that will occur out of it would be way way too higher. At current, no pharmaceutical firm appears fascinated in investing income to isolate significantly a lot more therapeutic parts from cannabis earlier what is beforehand supplied in the market place place. (a few) Attainable for abuse. Hashish or hashish is addictive. It may possibly not be as addictive as difficult prescription drugs this type of as cocaine even so it can't be denied that there is a probably for content abuse related with marijuana. This has been revealed by a amount of reports as summarized in the IOM report. (four) Deficiency of a protected provide program. The most recurrent type of shipping and delivery and delivery of cannabis is by way of cigarette using tobacco. Considering the current tendencies in anti-making use of tobacco legislations, this kind of shipping will by no means be acknowledged by well becoming authorities. Reliable and protected supply plans in the sort of vaporizers, nebulizers, or inhalers are even now at the screening stage. (five) Symptom alleviation, not mend. Even if cannabis has therapeutic outcomes, it is only addressing the indicators of specified ailments. It does not manage or treatment method these conditions. Presented that it is efficient towards these signs and symptoms, there are at the moment medicines obtainable which work just as correctly or even better, with out possessing the side consequences and threat of abuse associated with cannabis. The 1999 IOM report could not settle the discussion about health care marijuana with scientific proof available at that time. The report certainly discouraged the use of smoked cannabis but gave a nod in direction of marijuana use by means of a overall health-connected inhaler or vaporizer. In addition, the report also suggested the compassionate use of hashish under rigorous well being care supervision. In addition, it urged much more funding in the examine of the basic protection and efficacy of cannabinoids. So what stands in the way of clarifying the inquiries released up by the IOM report? The overall well being authorities do not search to be fascinated in getting an additional assessment. There is limited details supplied and no subject what is supplied is biased in the direction of safety difficulties on the adverse repercussions of smoked hashish. Data presented on efficacy largely arrive from study on artificial cannabinoids (e.g. THC). This disparity in info tends to make an objective threat-benefit evaluation challenging. Medical scientific scientific studies on cannabis are variety of and hard to perform many thanks to constrained funding and rigid guidelines. Owing to the reality of the challenging legalities involved, truly handful of pharmaceutical businesses are investing in cannabinoid investigation. In a lot of scenarios, it is not apparent how to define healthcare cannabis as advocated and opposed by a number of teams. Does it only refer to the use of the botanical items hashish or does it consist of artificial cannabinoid components (e.g. THC and derivatives) as correctly? Artificial cannabinoids (e.g. Marinol) offered in the market are extremely expensive, pushing gentlemen and women toward the significantly more cost-effective cannabinoid in the kind of hashish. Of education system, the worry is additional clouded by conspiracy theories involving the pharmaceutical sector and drug regulators.

[rawgardencarts56]

Health care Cannabis - The Debate Rages On

Cannabis is also recognized as pot, grass and weed but its formal title is in fact cannabis. It will come from the leaves and flowers of the plant Cannabis sativa. It is considered an illegal substance in the US and a lot of nations around the world and possession of marijuana is a criminal offense punishable by legislation. The Food and drug administration classifies marijuana as Plan I, substances which have a quite large possible for abuse and have no established medical use. In excess of the a long time numerous studies claim that some substances discovered in marijuana have medicinal use, specially in terminal illnesses this sort of as cancer and AIDS. This started out a intense debate more than the execs and cons of the use of healthcare marijuana. To settle this discussion,raw garden carts  the Institute of Medication published the popular 1999 IOM report entitled Cannabis and Drugs: Assessing the Science Foundation. The report was comprehensive but did not give a distinct reduce sure or no answer. The opposite camps of the health-related cannabis issue often cite element of the report in their advocacy arguments. Nevertheless, although the report clarified a lot of issues, it never ever settled the controversy once and for all. Let us seem at the concerns that assistance why healthcare marijuana should be legalized. (one) Cannabis is a normally occurring herb and has been used from South The us to Asia as an organic medication for millennia. In this day and age when the all organic and organic and natural are critical well being buzzwords, a by natural means taking place herb like cannabis might be a lot more desirable to and safer for buyers than artificial medicines. (two) Marijuana has robust therapeutic prospective. A number of scientific studies, as summarized in the IOM report, have noticed that cannabis can be utilised as analgesic, e.g. to handle discomfort. A handful of research confirmed that THC, a cannabis component is successful in managing chronic ache experienced by cancer sufferers. However, studies on acute discomfort this kind of as people skilled during surgical treatment and trauma have inconclusive reviews. A number of studies, also summarized in the IOM report, have demonstrated that some marijuana components have antiemetic properties and are, therefore, effective in opposition to nausea and vomiting, which are common aspect consequences of most cancers chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Some researchers are convinced that hashish has some therapeutic prospective from neurological ailments such as several sclerosis. Particular compounds extracted from cannabis have robust therapeutic prospective. Cannobidiol (CBD), a key ingredient of cannabis, has been revealed to have antipsychotic, anticancer and antioxidant homes. Other cannabinoids have been demonstrated to prevent substantial intraocular pressure (IOP), a key chance element for glaucoma. Medicines that contain energetic components existing in marijuana but have been synthetically made in the laboratory have been accepted by the US Fda. A single example is Marinol, an antiemetic agent indicated for nausea and vomiting associated with most cancers chemotherapy. Its lively component is dronabinol, a artificial delta-nine- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). (3) A single of the main proponents of medical marijuana is the Marijuana Plan Project (MPP), a US-based mostly firm. Numerous health care expert societies and businesses have expressed their assistance. As an example, The American School of Physicians, advisable a re-analysis of the Routine I classification of marijuana in their 2008 situation paper. ACP also expresses its powerful support for investigation into the therapeutic role of cannabis as nicely as exemption from federal criminal prosecution civil liability or expert sanctioning for doctors who prescribe or dispense health-related marijuana in accordance with state legislation. Likewise, defense from criminal or civil penalties for individuals who use health care marijuana as permitted underneath condition laws. (four) Health care cannabis is lawfully utilized in a lot of produced nations The argument of if they can do it, why not us? is yet another strong stage. Some nations, like Canada, Belgium, Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain, Israel, and Finland have legalized the therapeutic use of marijuana beneath rigorous prescription management. Some states in the US are also enabling exemptions. Now below are the arguments from medical marijuana. (one) Deficiency of information on basic safety and efficacy. Drug regulation is based on basic safety first. The protection of marijuana and its components nevertheless has to 1st be established. Efficacy only comes next. Even if marijuana has some advantageous overall health consequences, the positive aspects need to outweigh the risks for it to be regarded for healthcare use. Except if marijuana is confirmed to be better (safer and far more powerful) than drugs at present obtainable in the market, its acceptance for health care use may be a long shot. According to the testimony of Robert J. Meyer of the Section of Well being and Human Services getting obtain to a drug or medical therapy, with out knowing how to use it or even if it is powerful, does not reward anybody. Simply getting entry, without getting basic safety, efficacy, and sufficient use data does not help patients. (2) Mysterious chemical factors. Health care cannabis can only be very easily obtainable and affordable in herbal kind. Like other herbs, marijuana falls underneath the class of botanical goods. Unpurified botanical goods, nevertheless, encounter several problems including lot-to-lot regularity, dosage perseverance, efficiency, shelf-life, and toxicity. In accordance to the IOM report if there is any long term of marijuana as a medicine, it lies in its isolated factors, the cannabinoids and their artificial derivatives. To fully characterize the diverse components of cannabis would price so much time and cash that the costs of the medicines that will arrive out of it would be too higher. At the moment, no pharmaceutical company appears interested in investing money to isolate much more therapeutic factors from marijuana over and above what is already available in the market. (three) Possible for abuse. Cannabis or hashish is addictive. It may not be as addictive as difficult medicines these kinds of as cocaine nevertheless it cannot be denied that there is a prospective for material abuse connected with marijuana. This has been demonstrated by a number of research as summarized in the IOM report. (4) Absence of a secure shipping technique. The most frequent form of supply of marijuana is by way of smoking cigarettes. Considering the existing traits in anti-smoking cigarettes legislations, this type of supply will in no way be authorized by wellness authorities. Reputable and protected delivery systems in the form of vaporizers, nebulizers, or inhalers are even now at the testing phase. (five) Symptom alleviation, not remedy. Even if cannabis has therapeutic consequences, it is only addressing the indicators of certain conditions. It does not take care of or heal these sicknesses. Provided that it is effective towards these signs, there are currently medicines offered which perform just as nicely or even greater, without the side effects and threat of abuse connected with cannabis. The 1999 IOM report could not settle the debate about health care cannabis with scientific evidence offered at that time. The report absolutely discouraged the use of smoked marijuana but gave a nod in direction of cannabis use by means of a health care inhaler or vaporizer. In addition, the report also recommended the compassionate use of marijuana below rigorous healthcare supervision. Moreover, it urged much more funding in the analysis of the protection and efficacy of cannabinoids. So what stands in the way of clarifying the questions brought up by the IOM report? The wellness authorities do not seem to be to be fascinated in having an additional assessment. There is minimal information offered and whatsoever is available is biased toward security problems on the adverse outcomes of smoked cannabis. Knowledge offered on efficacy largely appear from scientific studies on artificial cannabinoids (e.g. THC). This disparity in data helps make an goal chance-advantage assessment challenging. Medical scientific studies on marijuana are number of and tough to perform thanks to limited funding and rigorous regulations. Due to the fact of the difficult legalities associated, extremely few pharmaceutical businesses are investing in cannabinoid research. In several situations, it is not distinct how to define health-related cannabis as advocated and opposed by many teams. Does it only refer to the use of the botanical product cannabis or does it include synthetic cannabinoid factors (e.g. THC and derivatives) as properly? Synthetic cannabinoids (e.g. Marinol) obtainable in the market place are incredibly costly, pushing folks in direction of the far more reasonably priced cannabinoid in the sort of marijuana. Of training course, the problem is more clouded by conspiracy theories involving the pharmaceutical sector and drug regulators.

[honestsycrets]

Rus | Sy’s Resource

Timeline

793 | Viking attack on Lindisfarne.

Late 8th-9th c  | Vikings attacks on Europe- leading out into the Baltic sea, resulting in exploration through the Dvina river.

859-862 |The arrival of first Rus in E. Europe as raiders then leaders.

873 | Ivar the Boneless dies.

882 | Oleg expands from Novgorod to Kiev.

907 | Oleg attacks Constantinople, success. Results in a trading treaty giving Rus privileges in Constantinople.

912 | Oleg dies.

941 | Igor’s failed attacks Constantinople: failure, Byzantines has more success.

988-989 | Vladmier converts to Christianity in order to marry a Byzantine daughter. Upon his return he forcibly baptized Kiev.

1018-1054 | Golden age of the Rus: Interconnections with Europe, more Christianization.

Who were the Rus?

Most likely, Swedish Vikings, lasting from late 800s to early 1200s. In The Primary Chronicle, written by some monks est eleventh century, Slavics invited a Varangian Rurik and his brothers to rule over them. Sound funny? Yeah, probably is. This was probably written to legitimize their rule.

Rus Vikings popped up around 8th-9th c in Novgorod (hi Rurik)! But, these (most likely) Swedish Vikings interbred with Finns, Bals, Slavs, and Volga Bulgars. They concerned themselves with furs, slaves, and silver.

Lifestyle

Princes | Nobles | Merchants | Artisans | Peasants | Kinda Free (you really tho?) People | Slaves

Most of the Kievan Rus were probably farmers, hunters, trappers, beekeepers, and herdsmen with simple lives. They probably ate what they produced, got their wee butts taxed. Their goods included furs, honey, animal hides, and wax with trade to other areas like the Byzantines.

Kievan Rus were often banded together in farming families, sort of like most Viking communities, including extended families since farming ain’t no easy work. Especially when you have crap tools. 

boyars | fighting men of Kiev. Nobles.

Slavic upper class. Small amount of members but important for the prince, towns, and states.

Merchants | Had a good amount of influence. At times political power. Often imported the luxury items: silk, fruit, spices, wines, metal, and pretty things.

Smerdy | peasants.

can i say this means “stinkers?”

Slaves | Important to early Kievan Rus.

Trade Route with Scandinavian Vikings

General trade during the Viking age included:

From Russia, as preciously stated, exports of slaves, furs, wax, and honey.

From Norway timber, iron, soapstone, whetstone, barley, tar.

From Sweden, Iron and Furs.

From Iceland: Fish, Animal Fat, Wool, Sulfur, FALCONS.

From England: Tin, What, Honey, Silver, Barley, Linen.

Most trading was done in short distances. as trading grew, Norse traders would trade widely. In trading to Russia, there were two main routes as well as two through central Europe to the Baltic. Both would drag ships up rapids and over land. Traders would begin in the Gulf of Finland, to Lake Ladoga (a major trading center c 9th-10th c), Then they would sail along the Volkhov river to the Lake Ilmen to Novgorod. Then the ships would row up rivers to be hauled to either Volga (to Caspian Sea) or the Dneiper (to the Black Sea).

Religion

Kievan Rus converted to Christianity in 988 after Vladmir smashed all pagan idols and uh, you know, forcibly baptized fuckers (The Primary Chronicle). But, heathen belief and practices still floated around after that. The Christian church was still one church. But in 1054, the Church split into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Orthodox Christianity enjoyed building churches, forming saints, and mass. many old pagan practices were adapted into Christianity. Most arts were religious.

Women and Marriage

Queen Olga rules in 855: the first female ruler, a Christian, but did not adopt Christianity for all the Christians. Well respected for legislation reform of the tribute system. She had a seal, indicating her power.

Most women were homebodies preoccupied with bringing up children and managing the household. Women could control lands in her dowry, lend money, donate to the church, buy or sell slaves. Women could speak on their own behalf or appear as witness. Restrictions depended more on class than gender. Princesses could be judges. Women could hire fighters if a duel came to pass, but if they were both women, they would do this themselves. There was intermarriage with families in German areas and Scandinavia.

Male infidelity was not grounds for divorce, but it was expected when a female was unfaithful female. Men could also divorce women for attempted murder or theft as well as a wife eating or sleeping, visiting public entertainment against her husband’s wishes. Rape and lying was grounds for a woman to divorce her husband. Being unable to conceive was also grounds for divorce. Physical abuse was not alone grounds for divorce.

Orthodox Church forbid marriage between social class, heathens, or those not of faith. Rape would result in the same fine as murder, as was infantcide, abortion, beating a pregnant woman which results in child loss. Birth control was also punished by the church.

Fashion

Previous Resource

Women’s Clothing in Early Rus

Women’s Clothing in Kievan Rus: Medieval Textiles

Writing

Tiiiinnnnny section of population was literate. They might use birch-bark for manuscript codices or waxed wooden tablets. They might use coins and seals, pictures to label or caption, and also had graffiti. Parchment was made from animal skin, birch bark (scraped and boiled) and wooden tablets. Writing included a stylus and ink. Wooden tablets could be reused by smoothing wax with the flat end of the stylus to renew the tablet. Literacy often related to the church; the purpose of books was often devotional. It was also used by rulers and traders to conduct their businesses.

Terminology

kniaz’ | prince or duke.

There is some debate on this term in relation to other ruling classes as it’s debated Rus rulers were not ‘kings’ in the sense of say English kingship so this titlature can be inconsistent.

The etymology of kniaz: comes from Germanic root *kun-ingaz, same roots for “konungr,” and English “king”. Kniaz often were rules of city based territories (Kiev, Novgorod) with surrounding regional control. Stress upon a right to rule rather than a birth right (later did become this).

 Roles of kniazia: ruler, military leader, lawgiver, tax collector.

velikii kniaz’ | grand prince

Scholars disagree with its use. It’s not used frequently but may mean eldest member of kindred, regards a deceased ruler, or is similar to a tsar.

konungr | ruler (old norse) chief, king.

Problematic use of word as there was about 45 kings at one point who bore this title est 800. This word seems to have a loose meaning that can be applied to lesser known people and more well known such as Harald Bluetooth.

gardariki | name given to the Rus in Old Norse.

rex, reges p. | ruler (in relation to anglo-saxon england but also poland (who also used the term dux)).

Also another area where there was an excess of kings in areas like Wessex and Mercia.

rí | king (in relation to ireland).

More than 150 kings during the 5th-12th c. A rí would rule over his own people and were responsible for them. Another term of consideration is an ard-rí, a high king, but that concept is under debate.

How does Vikings (tv) fit into this?

In short, it doesn’t really fit well. But that’s TV for you. While Hirst does use important figures to pull a more well rounded experience for viewers, these dates do not correlate with the people who indeed lived within them. Christinization was not until 988, and when we start with Ragnar in the late 8th century, there would have been no successful wide spread Christianity. In conclusion, Hirst does bring important elements in... but its a bit disconnected over all.

Works Cited

Duczko, Wladyslaw. Viking Rus Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe. Leiden ; Boston: Brill, 2004. Northern World ; v. 12. Web.

Franklin, Simon. Writing, Society and Culture in Early Rus, c.950–1300, Cambridge University Press, 2002. ProQuest Ebook Central.

“Land Travel in the Viking Age.” Hurstwic, www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/manufacturing/text/land_travel.htm.

Thompson, John. Russia : A Historical Introduction from Kievan Rus' to the Present, Routledge, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central.

Young, Matthew. Folk Epics and the Role of Gender in Medieval Kievan Rus. Simmons College, beatleyweb.simmons.edu/scholar/files/original/aea362ec44e5d72e3014bd40a9d07c6f.pdf.

[coursecolony42-blog]

<h1>Picking The Right Personal Bankruptcy Law Practice Alkmaar</h1>

Content

The Keys To Making Online Law School Effective.

Advocaten In Nederland, Alkmaar.

Register To Targetcareers.

Law College Professors.

Top Law Schools In The United States & Canada.

To the north, Egypt is house to one leading law school, Cairo College, rated in the variety. As well as finally, Kazakhstan and Thailand are both new to the law college placing this year, the latter with two entries. Also with three representatives in the law institution position is Hong Kong, including the University of Hong Kong in 18th area, while the Chinese University of Hong Kong is 39th.

Some examples of the educational program include American law, worldwide law, the United States legal system, the Canadian legal system, as well as comparative Law. Additionally, the LLM student may have the ability to select from subfields such as copyright, taxation, global ecological law or civils rights law. The LSAT is not a need for pupils enrolling in the LLM program in the United States. Although he died at the age of 90 in December 2015, Joe Jamail makes this checklist because he was the most affluent practicing lawyer in the USA at the time of his fatality.

A more two top colleges for law lie in Malaysia. Looking at Scandinavia, there are three leading law schools in Sweden, and also two each in Denmark, Finland and also Norway. Of these, the highest-ranked is Norway's College of Oslo, rated for law. The Netherlands has participants in the law college position, with Leiden University and also the College of Amsterdam both flaunting leading 50 spots. There are a whopping 141 European colleges in the law institution ranking, with the UK including most prominently with 34 entrances.

Are all lawyers millionaires?

Lawyers Are Over-Represented As Millionaires Not according to the work done in The Millionaire Next Door which pegged lawyers at just 8% of the country's total millionaires.

Female lawyers gain an ordinary revenue of $112, 731, whilst male lawyers earn an average income of $148,487. View a duplicate of the full checklist of our lawyers that were honoured in 2019. Congratulations to all our detailed lawyers on obtaining this well-deserved recognition. McInnes Cooper is very happy to have over77 of our lawyerslisted in the same publication for 2019. The Master of Regulations degree is a 1 year (full-time) or a two-year (part-time) program for students that currently have a level in law. This program might have more than one sort of curriculum relying on the area of expertise the student might pick.

Nevertheless, lawyer wages differ significantly based on experience degree, with much less seasoned partner lawyers earning about $74,000 each year according to PayScale. PayScale reports $84,00 as the typical annual wage for lawyers and also attorneys. As lawyers have to frequently take care of challenging individuals, they additionally benefit from substantial empathy, patience, and also interpersonal abilities. advocaat alkmaar help lawyers communicate with opposing advise. Students putting on law school need to pass the LSAT, a standard test that examines analysis and verbal thinking skills.

And also, a person who is going through a splitting up or divorce will require a family members law firm. An individual billed with a criminal offence will require a criminal law firm.

How much do lawyers gain or just how much do lawyers make in Australia? Below is a table describing the typical revenue of solicitors, Magistrates and also Juries based on gender. Remarkably, regardless of the general public understanding, lawyers don't also make it in the top 5 paying work in Australia.

In Australia, a lawyer is thought about both solicitor and barrister who has a valid exercising certification to be allowed to exercise as a lawyer in Australia. An excellent criminal lawyer is a well skilled court advocate that is primarily comparable to a barrister.

She ended up deciding on neither due to the prices involved as well as however her lack of interest. Her parents were ravaged at first however occurred over time. Completely-- some companies, like Wilson Sonsini enters your mind-- have actually supposedly done rather well dealing with technology start-ups and also taking equity in lieu of fees. The Three Years and also Out PlanShort term lawyer and afterwards on something else.

Previously, he was an investor in the San Francisco Giants. After finishing from Harvard Law College in 1962, Alan Dershowitz went right to function.

Typically described as the "King of Torts," he represented Pennzoil in a 1985 claim against rival Texaco. His backup fee was $335 after the courts decided in Pennzoil's favor.

Sight consulting companies that provide solutions in a certain practical location. The best way to get abundant in the law is to file a claim against companies with deep pockets in behalf of damaged individuals or stand for firms as well as utilize yourself by working with affiliates. However I think various other lawyers secretive method can do so by saving/investing well over the long run. Unfortunately, most tend to get captured up in way of living rising cost of living b/c most obtain lost in condition video games.

A person who has actually been harmed at the office, as well as left unable of earning an earnings will require a settlement law firm. The most effective law office in Australia will ultimately depend upon the marketplace that the law firm accommodates. However, various other lawyers specialise only in a couple of areas of law.

In 2019 Russell Kennedy as well as Aitken Lawyers merged to develop a more powerful technique. Millner and also Knights panel of expert lawyers can assist you obtain the payment and also apology you deserve. Norton Rose Fulbright LLP runs a worldwide practice and also serves some of the globe's most distinguished companies and financial institutions. The company has comprehensive legal assistance team working with its 4,000 lawyers based in 50+ cities throughout Canada, Europe, Australia, and the Middle East. We list below how law degrees ranking in two college league tables.

Those who specialise only in a specific area of law, such as criminal law will more than likely have one of the most amount of expertise and also ability in that location. This will result from the reality that they on a regular basis operate in that specific area of law, creating a high level of expertise and also experience. A general lawyer is similar to a General Practitioner doctor, where the General Practitioner will have basic competence as well as knowledge, but also for something much more complex, you will be referred to a professional. You'll need to obtain in touch with a business or building lawyer if you're buying a company or home.

The 1953 graduate of the University of Texas Institution of Law was a former marine who had a longstanding reputation in the court for being abrasive, impolite, and also repulsive. However, outside of the court, he was understood for his charitable philanthropy. After graduating from Stanford Law School in 1967, he operated at a tiny company up until he was asked to do help Microsoft, which was still in its beginning phases. At some point, he ended up being Microsoft's legal counsel, a placement he held for 25 years.

From 1996 to 2005, Holmes led campaigns to raise sex variety at EY. On her watch, the number of female partners tripled from 80 to 241, which increased the total percent of female partners at the company from 6 percent to 12 percent.

Americans do not separate between solicitor as well as lawyer. A seasoned criminal lawyer on the other hand frequently carries out the job of both roles, namely in-court advocacy as well as advice for clients. A barrister is a sort of lawyer that mostly performs campaigning for in court, including tests.

In 1870, Ada Kepley ended up being the first female in the USA to graduate from law school. Nevertheless, when she obtained a permit, she was informed that Illinois law forbade women from exercising law. By the time the law was ultimately overturned, Kepley had diverted her powers to the support of social reforms, specifically the temperance activity.

After the top 10, the UK's best institutions for law are UCL, King's University London, theUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen Mary College of London andDurham College. Of the 300 organizations included in the ranking, 50 are discovered in the US, consisting of 14 in the leading 50. Outside of the leading 10 above, other excellent law schools in the US include the College of Chicago, Georgetown College, College of California, Los Angeles and theUniversity of Michigan.

The Keys To Making Online Law College Successful.

In this role, she was known for enforcing nontraditional sentences, such as composing essays. In addition to presiding over divorce court, Lynn is the writer of 3 publications. Right here is a glimpse at the 20 richest lawyers worldwide, ranked from the most affordable total assets to the highest.

While law employers welcome job applications from trainees from all universities, there are 'hidden' benefits to some bigger, perhaps much more prestigious, law institutions that deserve thinking about. advocatenbureau alkmaar have the chance to select various other electives, such as family members law or company law, however they are not compulsory element of the qualifying law level.

There are various factors that there are 2 type of attorneys, along with whatever comes down to exactly how the legislation is done.

If de functies pass away ze bieden are part of a legislation college, you need to more than likely to a law establishment and take the bar test, and then come to be a legal representative.

General lawyers are the ones that work out regulation for a business, business or person .

In order to come to be a general lawyer, you ought to have several years of legal education as well as understanding, you need to become part of a law university, as well as likewise pass bench examination.

Advocaten In Nederland, Alkmaar.

While real estate attorneys make suitable salaries-- the average is $80,000 and it can obtain as high as $147,000-- it was reported that virtually one in 4 property attorneys are not granted advantages. The thirteen achieved legal professionals provided above stand for a vast array of histories, practice locations, political stances, and disputes. Nevertheless, despite their unique identifiers-or, even more properly, becauseof them, these ladies have actually changed the legal career. The phenomenal obstacles these females have dealt with, both straight-out and implied, in their initiatives to ruin the glass ceiling have actually been equaled only by their capabilities.

Which job has the highest salary in Australia?

Australia's top 10 highest paying jobsSurgeons. Nearly 4,000 Australians work in this profession, and they top the earnings bracket with an average taxable income of $394,866. Anaesthetists. Internal Medicine Specialists. Financial Dealers. Psychiatrists. Other Medical Practitioners. Judicial and Other Legal Professionals. Mining Engineers. More items

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The examination takes half a day as well as is used 4 times each year at many locations. Pupils curious about loss admission must take the test in October or June, although December scores are typically approved. LSAT ratings consider heavily in admission and also financial assistance decisions. And finally, looking to start with at Africa, South Africa has 4 representatives in the law college position, with the University of Cape Towncontinuing to lead the way at (below in 2014).

Industry1.Social Help as well as Health Care2.Retail Trade3.Administrative and Assistance Services4.Retail Trade5.Education & TrainingHave a question? Ask our award winning team of Sydney criminal lawyers in Sydney, we provide totally free assessments.

The number of females with versatile work timetables likewise tripled from simply more than 300 when she began her campaigns to nearly 1,000 in 2005. In an interview with The Practice, she worries that senior leadership was essential to this success. " None of this would certainly have been feasible without the energetic support of 2 EY CEOs," claims Holmes. Undoubtedly, two weeks after she approved the position, Holmes uncovered she was expecting with her initial child. I have been to four lawyers before met Jimmy and also Tayla.

Which country is best for law study?

Top Law Schools in 2019Top 10 Law Schools in the World Based on the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2019RankName of InstitutionLocation1Harvard UniversityUnited States2University of OxfordUnited Kingdom3University of CambridgeUK8 more rows•27 Feb 2019

Law School Professors.

Discover the top law colleges based on the QS Globe University Rankings by Topic 2020. Real estate lawyers examine agreements and offers and make sure that purchasers are obtaining fair bargains on the homes they are purchasing. Realty lawyers also collaborate with vendors to make sure whatever is reasonable on that particular end, too.

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Very caring listening experience understanding lawyer and my result with this Criminal ... By A.E . A major or director of a law firm may range from $500-$ 800 per hour. Each sort of lawyer has a different role which usually involve different regulations and legislations.

She became an intense opponent of alcohol usage, using her skills and skills to rise to a placement of nationwide importance in the temperance movement. She was a writer and published anti-alcohol papers that presumed as to call men that often visited drinkeries. Sandra Day O'Connor holds the distinction of shattering the greatest glass ceiling in American jurisprudence as the very first women Justice of the USA High Court. Deborah Holmes, the Americas director of business responsibility at EY and also herself a lawyer, concurs that leadership is essential to establishing a culture of synergy as well as variety.

For example, if you reside in Sydney, and also you're dealing with a criminal cost, you'll need to connect with knowledgeable Sydney criminal lawyers. The sort of lawyer you will require will depend upon the kind of lawful concern you're confronted with.

Please find in the accessory the primary legal technique areas in the Netherlands Bar's register of lawful areas our advocates have actually signed up for. The world's most significant international organisations rely on us to aid them make the right decisions in a fast-changing globe. We combine the knowledge, experience as well as energy of the whole firm to resolve our clients' most complex difficulties, anywhere as well as whenever they occur. We supply the globe's preeminent corporations and also financial institutions with a complete service law solution. Sight events for graduates and also professionals arranged by seeking advice from firms.

If you're seeking to study law, you might be discovering it challenging to choose between the lots of hundreds of distinguished law schools readily available worldwide. Luckily, our latestlaw school position, among the 43 subjects covered by the QS World College Rankings by Subject, must have the ability to assist, showcasing the 300 greatest organizations for this field.

By 1964, he had become a participant of the Harvard Law College professors and in 1967, he was made a full professor. ( He retired in 2013.) While mentor classes, he was likewise making a name for himself in the criminal law field. Many thanks to his reputation as the "leading lawyer of last resort," he has a collection of top-level clients, consisting of Mike Tyson, Jim Baker, Leona Helmsley, O.J. Simpson, as well as Jeffrey Epstein. Better called the judge from TV's Separation Court given that 2007, Lynn Toler formerly served as the only community court judge in Cleveland Levels, OH for more than 8 years. After getting her law level from the College of Pennsylvania Law Institution in 1984, she concentrated on civil law up until ending up being metropolitan court judge.

Both tables base their rankings on somewhat various variables. The Times tables think about research study quality and impact, in addition to student fulfillment. You can discover more about the various rankings as well as the various elements that they consider below.

If you currently have an idea of what areas of practice you want specialising in, or simply want to discover more about, it's worth comparing the electives offered by each program. Currently, the most usual path to qualifying as a lawyer is a level (either a law level or a non-law level) followed by a conversion course and/or an occupation training course. It's taking your time to meticulously believe concerning selecting the best university as well as course to research if you select to go to college.

This provides a simple one-stop-shop for corporate advice and legal procurement divisions to collect details on companies they are aiming to instruct. The Amsterdam office provides pro bono legal assistance as well as is actively associated with numerous impactful organizations, such as EarthToday, ClimateCircle, The Ajax Structure, CollAction, and Manifesta. Eversheds Sutherland prolongs its geographic footprint to 66 workplaces in 32 nations. Eversheds Sutherland stands for the combination of 2 companies with a shared culture as well as commitment to client service excellence.

There's a lot concentrate on the bimodal salary circulation on legal incomes early in a lawful occupation but not the long run. I'm pretty sure there's a third spike somewhere to the right of the presented income array. He's got schoolmates our age that are purchasing million buck houses with money. My wife was determining in between a lawyer or physician when we first met.

Top Law Schools In The United States & Canada.

After you recognize the kind of legal concern you are encountering, you will certainly have the ability to figure out the very best kind of lawyer. Yet prior to picking that lawyer, you ought to do some study to ensure the lawyer you are intending to opt for, is one with honesty, transparency and also experience. The best kind of lawyer matched to you will depend upon your lawful concern. In America an attorney is thought about an attorney at law, as well as is someone who's passed bench examination with authorization to practice law.