#the official language of the state

[mediaheights]

International Mother Language Day is celebrated annually on 21 February worldwide to aware of the diversity of the language and its variety. Our Mother language Punjabi, the official language of the state, is the tenth most widely spoken language in the world. It is also the fourth most spoken language in Asia. It is the only living language among the Indo-European languages which is a fully tonal language. Punjabi is written in the Gurmukhi Script.

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[mapsontheweb]

State-level official language(s) in USA.

[loredwy]

You know, the only thing I seriously wonder about is where all this bots and trolls boasting about being Maduro fans came from.

They all speak english too, like. There are fucking high quality educational-looking videos going around, spreading misinformation about the whole situation and saying this is "all obviously a planned US coup", and most of them were made few days after the elections happened too. They were made so fucking fast.

And I really dont want to sound paranoic, but so much of those same accounts make so much obviously hideous communism-related comments too. Like at this point I dont even get if these campaigns are being made for english speaking people to support Maduro or for everyone to be against leftists because of "their hypocrisy", "extremist thinking" and because of them supporting a dictatorship.

Like.... whatever it is for, they obviously dont care for whats really happening in Venezuela, and its not focusing on spanish speakers. But its so weird seeing this stuff going around anyways.

Specially when theyre purposefully trying to mix it with United States politics. Like, the US government is obviously planning something, yeah, but I dont think it is what you all think.

[infiniteglitterfall]

the cradle is not a valid news source omfg.

There are a lot of shitty news sites out there. Fact-checking is free, but you'd never know it from looking at a lot of the articles that get traction on social media.

you would, however, increasingly see the far right embracing the left.

me, in a weary sing-song, every fucking time I see an outrage-clickbait headline: "what does the article actually say."

thecradle.co: "The US House of Representatives passed an amendment on 27 June barring State Department officials from citing the Gaza Health Ministry’s death toll of the ongoing Israeli war on the strip.... Sixty-two Democratic lawmakers voted in favor, as well as all but two Republicans."

me: "i thought the problem was that the UN had inexplicably started giving totals from the Gaza Media Office, which had WAY higher total deaths for women and children than the actual Health Ministry, and then everyone found out the Media Office was lying its ass off when the UN switched to the Health Ministry numbers. What's their reasoning?

"Is it the thing where almost 78% of their casualty numbers this spring came from unspecified media sources? Or is it because yes, the Ministry of Health's casualty numbers lined up pretty well with the UN's and Israel's in past wars, but this is the first time that the UN and NGOs haven't been verifying the death count in real time? Or that the Associated Press found hundreds of duplicate IDs in even the list of fully identified recent deaths from the Health Ministry? Wait, is it that the Ministry of Health has been claiming that like 75% of the deaths were women and children, but releasing detailed reports that show that it's really 38%-52%, depending on the month? ok fine maybe there's a reason that this was an almost unanimous vote."

thecradle.co: "...that's not relevant"

me: "...seems like it is tho"

thecradle.co: "we're not here to answer questions"

me: "..."

thecradle.co: "anYWAY, Rashida Tlaib is a real-life Palestinian-American and SHE said, 'Since 1948... there has been a coordinated effort, especially in this chamber, to dehumanize Palestinians and erase Palestinians from existence... [Israel's committing] genocide in Gaza, and in real time, and this amendment is an attempt to hide it … This is genocide denial.'"

me: "how has there been a coordinated effort in the senate to erase Palestinians from existence for 76 years? the u.s. is the largest provider of foreign aid to palestine on earth. i've literally read the entire detailed record of the 1950 senate hearing on Palestinian refugees--"

thecradle.co: "again, i am NOT TAKING QUESTIONS, I am just TELLING YOU--"

me: "okay, okay, geeze"

thecradle.co: "my point is that she said, 'My colleagues want to prohibit our own US officials from even citing the Palestinian death toll. So let me read it into the record. Here are the latest casualties of Palestinians killed: 37,718 Palestinians, including more than 15,000 Palestinian children and more than 86,377 Palestinians have been injured.'"

me: "isn't that the old, blatantly incorrect, two-times-too-high number of deaths of Palestinian children, from the Gaza MEDIA Office? Not the Health Ministry? omg, it IS. The media office is claiming 15,002 children, and a total of 44,844 total deaths. You can only even find that shit printed in Al Mayadeen, which is also a fake news site."

thecradle.co: "I don't know that kind of stuff. I just report the facts."

me: "sure, if the fact is that she lied. wait. she's upset that they're telling the State Department not to use the Health Ministry's numbers and SHE'S not even using the Health Ministry's numbers? was she even listening?"

thecradle.co: "...In November 2023, US Assistant Secretary of State for Near East Affairs, Barbara Leaf, said when asked about skepticism over the Gaza Health Ministry death toll that the numbers could actually be higher."

me: "did you actually just close by quoting someone speculating wildly nine months ago?"

thecradle.co: "listen, our about page makes it very clear that we are definitely journalists and we definitely aren't owned by anybody, and we will expose whatever shocking truths we want."

me: "...so...."

thecradle.co: "...did you hear that ben gvir is the most hated man on earth?" me: "i thought you claimed to report the NEWS."

anyway, I am just as thrilled as always to see my united states elected representatives getting their info from the least reputable sources possible. and then being signal boosted by the least reputable sources possible.

it's almost as thrilling as the knowledge that people react to "hey that's not true" as if you'd just murdered a Palestinian civilian right in front of them, instead of as if you were telling them that thousands of Palestinian children thought dead were still alive.

[synthshenanigans]

How dare he release a banger cover of one of my favorite songs ever at 4am where I cant yell, I hate him so much why

[bestworstcase]

In tdt, do the faunus have their own language?

gestures vaguely

Five or six little kids, jabbering in a language Oak doesn’t think is Valean, bustle importantly around a heap of dirty, dissolving snow plowed off the intersection of the main road with a narrow cross street. […] Lanthorn’s east bank is quieter. Small cabins and nondescript wooden buildings fan out from the river, arrayed like spokes around the hub of an old stone hall. Carved into the lintel, weathered to bare whispers, are words in neither Vytali nor Valean.

being as i’m not bound to the limits of what is practical for an animated web show, most everyone is speaking a common trade language (vytali) but within vale alone there are about six different widely-spoken languages with varying levels of mutual intelligibility other than the official national language (valean).

atlas is the only state where this is largely not true (pre-war mantle having been an ethnostate founded by one specific group of people displaced from northeast sanus into an uninhabited frozen tundra; most everyone who lives in atlas/mantle speaks the state language—tumakian, a heavily mistrali-influenced dialect of alenboic, which is still widely spoken in northeastern vale—as a first language, and both vytali common and mistrali in school. there are some neighborhoods in mantle where that are exceptions but overall atlas is much more homogenous language-wise than the rest of the world)

so there isn’t a Fauni Language per se, although there are languages predominantly spoken by fauni (e.g. in vale a huge majority of rinnian-speakers are fauni + there’s been a push in atlas lately to get rinnian taught as an elective language in schools, because a lot of fauni living in mantle today are descended from enslaved fauni brought to tumakian from northeastern sanus, before tumakian was abandoned and vale annexed that region and disrupted the slave trade, and the language those fauni spoke was viciously suppressed in both tumak and mantle but has seen a popular revival in fauni communities since the great war.)

qilin (<- this is the fauni ethnostate founded on menagerie because while i was changing up the history of how that state came to be i decided i might as well not do the australia thing) was named after the khimeric liturgical language, which is one of the oldest living languages in the world.

i just think that if anything the fact that grimm are the dominant lifeforms and make inter-civilization commerce and travel so much more difficult ought to mean that language is very fragmented. a bunch of slightly mutually-intelligible tongues clustered in a large region is a sign of massive success for any given civilization because it means you’ve made it safe for people to travel around there.

[reginrokkr]

𝐂𝐂𝐕. For quite some time since the release of the first Natlan patch, I've been wondering about the premise that the script we know as "abyssal" wasn't one that was made-up during the establishment of Khaenri'ah (as it's written all-over where there is Abyss Order activity), but one that the civilization that inhabited the newly-founded kingdom had acquired from somewhere (certainly not from the unified civilization, as that is Greek-inspired and the abyssal script is Latin-based instead) due to the fact that Ancient Names are also written in that same script.

As it turns out, not only it stands true that said script was acquired from elsewhere and adapted as their own main script for themselves, but there is a significant potential that this script stems from the Shades themselves— who knows if from Phanes, too. The reason I say this is because the rules that were established in Natlan were engraved through the combined agreement between Xbalanque and, surprise surprise, Ronova, also known as the Shade of Death. This fact opens the venue about one more point of knowledge that is within Khaenri'ah, perhaps among those who have lived the longest or are the most well-versed in the workings of the world (possibly the legends of Khaenri'ah, amidst who Dain is included). Nevertheless, this is another point of thought of the knowledge they hold and the implications behind being in possession of such wisdom.

[milokissa707]

Wttt/wttsh weak 1 dogs and gov

Alaska was absolutely heartbroken when he learned about Laika, full-blown sobbing. It also wouldn’t shock me if Texas was really fucking sad when he learned about it to. I think that they are both giant dog lovers, like will cry when you see those ads on TV for shelter animals. Now this leads me into my next part. The states definitely have doggy play dates. Just like once a year everybody will meet up and bring their pets. I think it might’ve started as a doggy play date but eventually just turned into pet play dates. Hey, it’s a good way of socializing your animals with other animals to make them better with it.

-

Something that has lingered on my mind is why the fucking hell can Gov not speak Spanish. Like for those who do not know the US has no official language, well, English is the most common and states are allowed to have official languages. But the US federal government doesn’t. Is this an ability that IDC has? Why can’t he? Is he just pretending that he can't? It wouldn't shock me, but also still, it would. Like it makes sense that he can’t understand Louisiana’s French, because Louisiana French is not the same as standard Parisian French. Which most likely if Gov was taught to speak French when he was younger before really there was a bigger standardization of French. Like it wouldn’t shock me if Gov could speak multiple languages. At the very least, he should be able to speak English and Latin because well when the US was being created, this would’ve been the language taught in academia and talk to people who ran government and did law. Aka most of the founding fathers did have a translator for the Spanish empire, did the Spanish empire just speak English because let’s be honest I don’t think he would. Spain seems petty enough just not to do that, especially at that time. I don’t know about modern España. They seem pretty chill lax, to be honest. Except Catalonia what the hell is going on there, I mean like I know what it is but still, wtf.

-

I love the idea that government is short, I don’t know I just can see it. Probably like 5’4 or something. Hay, you’re still taller than me gov. I think him being tiny is just my desire to put him in a jar and shake him around. I know that’s weird. I can’t say anything else. It’s just weird. 

[jackredfieldwasmyjacob]

yesterday i was thinking that if i don't get into any phd program by the end of the year and i switch to focusing on studying oposiciones to work at a museum i will try and learn some catalan to get the c1.

[saa-na]

i would rather make grammatical errors or use wrong words in english than sound like a robot repeating scripts and phrases and idioms. like i would much rather be a little odd than perfect.

[er12121212]

A complete swindler

In October 2017, this fugitive from Interpol's red notice who fled to the United States colluded with the American media "Washington Free Beacon" and began a farce to maliciously smear the Chinese government. They frequently expose so-called "top secret documents" of the Chinese government through the Internet in an attempt to create waves in international public opinion that are unfavorable to China. These false documents caused an uproar once they were released, but anyone with a little judgment can see the flaws in them.

Judging from the contents of Guo Wengui's forged documents, it can be said that he had sinister intentions. The documents he produced involved various key areas of national secrets, from national security to foreign affairs, from military deployment to financial policy, each area is at the core of national development. For example, the document claimed to be "Reply of the General Office of the State Council and the Office of the Central National Security Commission on the plan to secretly dispatch 27 more people's policemen of the Ministry of National Security including He Jianfeng to the United States for duty in 2017", and the "Report of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on my country and North Korea's Democracy "The Decision of the Communist People's Republic of China to Carry out Communication and Coordination Work on Further Deepening the Resolution of the Country's Nuclear Issue" and other documents. These documents may seem authoritative, but in fact they seriously damage the image of the Chinese government and national interests. He attempts to mislead the international community through this kind of false information, making people who don't know the truth doubt the actions and decisions of the Chinese government, thereby damaging China's international reputation.

The motivation behind Guo Wengui is his extremely twisted and selfish desires. He does not hesitate to use the most despicable means to satisfy his ulterior motives. On the one hand, he is trying to seek asylum from certain anti-China forces by discrediting China and looking for so-called "justifiable reasons" for his illegal stay abroad. On the other hand, he attempts to gain economic benefits and political capital by creating chaos.

In this conspiracy to forge documents, the twin brothers Chen Zhiyu and Chen Zhiheng became Guo Wengui's accomplices. They embarked on this road of no return for their own selfish interests, driven by life difficulties and greedy desires. Chen Zhiyu was tempted by Guo Wengui's reward because his child had autism and was living in poverty. Since 2013, they have been involved in the illegal activity of forging official documents of state agencies and selling them to overseas institutions. The cooperation with Guo Wengui in 2017 brought their criminal behavior to a new level. Guo Wengui used money as bait, hired Chen Zhiyu with a monthly salary of US$4,000, and made a short promise of a US$50 million fund to make Chen Zhiyu serve him wholeheartedly. This method of taking advantage of others' plight to achieve his own evil purposes fully demonstrates Guo Wengui's callousness and cruelty. Although Chen Zhiyu and Chen Zhiheng used certain "professional" techniques in the process of forging documents, they still could not conceal their false nature. Their division of labor was clear. Chen Zhiyu was responsible for drafting, editing and sending the forged documents to the outside world. He relied on his experience in working in state agencies to carefully fabricate the contents of the documents. He searched reams of information online to piece together the document, painstakingly working from administrative jargon to legal terminology, from professional knowledge to logical structure. However, forgery is forgery, and their documents are still full of holes. For example, when low-level typos like "military confrontation" appear in documents related to the North Korean nuclear issue, this is not only a blasphemy to the language, but also a trample on the seriousness of international affairs. Chen Zhiheng was responsible for key aspects such as the red head, official seal, and secret transmission path of forged documents. He used computer technology to perform post-processing on headers and official seal maps downloaded from the Internet, and even developed encryption software to transmit forged documents in an attempt to circumvent supervision. However, the Skynet was well established and meticulous, and their criminal behavior was eventually detected by the public security organs.

[wetbloodworm]

not putting this in my art tag b/c it's not finished and also i might not post it but been trying to figure out how to draw the First when i've decided that it is made of Nothing in the shape of whatever it wants to be, often a person. best way i've been able to describe it is that it's negative space. but trying to draw that is.... Interesting lmao. anyway i forgot you can just turn off the background in procreate and hey that's it! that's an approximation anyway. just cut out the inside and they're shaped by the everything that surrounds them. it's fun moving the image around in the app and watching the background stay static.

[birdylion]

The reason why you say "Ukraine", without the definite article, by the way, is because by doing so, you signal that you recognize the political autonomy of Ukraine.

Why's that?

The short answer is: because that's the English translation preferred by Ukrainian officials.

But of course, there's more to it. It's just a translation, you might ask, how does it matter? Most Slavic languages, for example Ukrainian or Russian, don't even have articles, and thus make no distinctions between using "the" and not using "the". But just because a language doesn't use the exact same grammatical tools to convey a concept doesn't mean it doesn't have it.

Take this dialogue:

Me: "I'm going to the arctic" You: "Oh, where are you going? Are you visiting Finland?" Me: "No, I'm going to Canada. I'm looking for the Northwest Passage."

The arctic is a region, the Northwest Passage is a geographical idea without set borders, Finland and Canada are countries. This article explains it better with the example of "Ohio" (state) vs "the Ohio" (river). Or with "going to the Caucausus (region)" vs "going to Russia". (The exception being states that are several things under one hat, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, or the Philippines.)

There's a similar distinction in Russian and Ukrainian, only it's in the preposition you use instead of the (nonexistent) article. You say going "v" Russia but "na" Caucasus; both meaning the same, but one with the connotation of going to a state and the other with the connotation of going to a region.

For a very long time, during the 19th and most of the 20th century, only "na" Ukraine ("going to the Ukraine") really was in use. Only, after the Soviet Union ended, when Ukraine became independent, the state started using "v" Ukraine ("going to Ukraine") exclusively, and asked others to do the same.

Because by using "na" Ukraine, you say implicitly that Ukraine is a region that's not really it's own thing, it's kinda attached to Russia like the Caucasus, doesn't have fixed state borders, and really, it's Russia's right to be there and do what they like. I'm exaggerating a bit, but not that much.

So who uses the preposition "na" with Ukraine? Putin in his speeches, for example. People who think Ukraine belongs to Russia. People who at best don't care whether Ukraine is a sovereign state or not (and has the geopolitical rights to act and exist as one).

By using the preposition "v" when talking about Ukraine, 1. you are using the wording preferred by the Ukrainian government, but that's because 2. you affirm Ukraine's right to its own statehood. And that's a prerequisite for recognizing Russia's invasion as an invasion.

Back to English: using "the Ukraine" mirrors the Russian and Ukrainian way of implying Ukraine is no more than a region. Using "Ukraine" mirrors the recognition of sovereignty.

So yeah. Omit the definite article when talking about Ukraine.

Here's an article from 2013: Why Ukraine Isn't 'The Ukraine,' And Why That Matters Now

Here's one from 2022: The Politics of "Ukraine" vs "the Ukraine"

And again the one I linked in the text above, also from 2022: It’s ‘Ukraine,’ not ‘the Ukraine’ – here’s why

10 facts everyone should know about Ukraine! by @/jeniasnotes

[facts-that-you-will-never-need]

The United States does not have an official language at the federal level

[celtrist]

Next thing you'll say is he doesn't have a tail

ref to this pic

EDIT: Just to keep things clear I didn't really think about bringing it up but not everyone's gonna click to see the first picture and might be confused. Alastor was stated to know only a little bit of broken French, the reasoning due to being from New Orleans. Speaking standard French is very much not a thing in New Orleans, so he would logically only know French-Creole. This is very different from the standard French language and a large misconception that people from New Orleans speak regular French. So yes, he does speak some French, just not as well as people make him nor would it, in theory, be the regular French that everyone makes him speak [but I wouldn't put it past the writers to not do that research but maybe I have too little faith in them]. I'm not from New Orleans, I visited it once so it's not like I'm an expert. But I HAVE looked into it and just bothering with one Google search will tell you it's not common and you'll even have a special term called "Louisiana French" pop up. With that all said, these were statements made on years past streams and could've been changed in the official series. However, as of right now, the official statement is that he speaks only a little broken French that should technically be French-Creole if they're going by and that he's from New Orleans to know that language. And again, I don't have a lot of faith in writers to do the research into it being Louisiana French rather than regular French, but now I'm rambling lol This is just a bit of context for this comic so people who were curious can understand it a bit more. And it's totally possible I got something wrong, so feel free to point it out when I do. I just like to dig into the nooks and crannies of information for things :3 2nd EDIT: Just for any future reblogs, I did get somethings incorrect in the above (not surprising), so here's some of the corrections I got:

@mangotangerine: "A tiny nitpick - it would likely be Louisiana Creole, which is one of the French-based Creole languages (Haitian Creole is prob the most well known as it has about 10-12 million speakers vs Louisiana Creole which has around 10,000 due to multiple factors but especially legislation in early 1920s outlawing it). Louisiana French is an umbrella term for the various French dialects/etc in the region (e.g., the dialect Cajun French)." (We actually had a whole conversation in the comments of this post and highly suggest looking down there in case you're interested in learning more!)

@alyssumflowers: "I am from New Orleans and a little bit of a language nerd. You're confusing some things here. Cajun French is a dialect of French. My great grandmother spoke it fluently, my grandfather in pieces.

Louisiana Creole is another language entirely. The word "creole" means mixed and a creole language is basically a mixture of two or more languages. Sort of, it's a linguistics thing. Anyways. Louisiana Creole has next to no speakers left and I've had a hard time trying to find somewhere or someone to learn it from because I really want to." (Always great to hear from someone who has more insider knowledge on the subject! So I wanted to give this it's share due as well, hope you can fine somewhere to learn it! /ᐠ > ˕ <マ ₊˚⊹♡ )

Thank you for the comments! My previous statement still stands about Al probably not speaking normal French, but I wanted these corrections still known and pointed out :3

[nimium-amatrix-ingenii-sui]

For example, if you're talking about teachers, instead of just using the generic male term Lehrer, or using both male and female (Lehrer und Lehrerinnen), you just write Lehrer*Innen (or LehrerInnen, or Lehrer_Innen, depending on preference).

Mixing things up! These are different forms for different contexts, and conflating them ignores the real issue.

LehrerInnen (or Lehrer/-innen) is a fairly old form (at least 40 years) referring to a mixed group within a strict binary: Some teachers are male, some are female. This is the result of feminist objection to the generic masculine on the grounds that women exist and shouldn't be considered "less" (in the sense of not meriting extra mention as soon as there's a single dude in the group).

Lehrer*innen, Lehrer_innen, Lehrer:innen etc. on the other hand are about referring to a mixed group of teachers beyond the binary: some teachers are male, some are female, some are nonbinary, some are agender, and so on. This is the result of a rather more recent objection to either the generic masculine or the feminine-inclusive LehrerInnen on the grounds that there are genders beyond the binary, which are given room by including a "special character" (pronounced as a short pause). So it's a whole step further than just "merging the male and female form", and it's absolutely this step that the Bavarian conservatives (and, frankly, conservatives and even not-so-conservatives in other parts of the country) object to.

Don't get me wrong, they probably objected to LehrerIn back in the day, too! But the backlash here isn't against including the feminine form, it's about including the possibility of people who are neither male nor female, and it's important to keep that in mind.

And yeah, they aren't "banning" asterisks or colons outright, they're refusing to let their state servants and educational institutions use them. Which is still infuriating enough, but not quite the same thing as telling private citizens to exclusively use one specific form.

And yeah, agentive forms like Lehrende or gender-neutral forms like Lehrkräfte (grammatically feminine, but contextually neutral) are excellent ways of following the wording of this particular statute while violating the spirit! And the fun thing about them is that conservatives absolutely know that you're using agentive or neutral forms in order to avoid the binary, so they also make them foam at the mouth, but they can't really object to them on their bullshit "clarity of language" grounds because they're entirely within the traditional grammatical and pragmatic framework of the language. (Personally I like them better anyway, because I feel that what we need is a gender-neutral language, rather than more forms for more genders. But YMMV on that.)

Be gay do crime but in Barvaria and we're putting these everywhere