#the letter of farewell 1872

[artthatgivesmefeelings]

Antonio Barzaghi-Cattaneo (Swiss, 1834-1922) La lettre d'adieu, 1872

[lemuseum]

[random-brushstrokes]

Antonio Barzaghi-Cattaneo - The letter of farewell (1872)

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.4 (before 1930)

771 – Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne as sole king of the Frankish Kingdom. 963 – The lay papal protonotary is elected pope and takes the name Leo VIII, being consecrated on 6 December after ordination. 1110 – An army led by Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd the Crusader of Norway captures Sidon at the end of the First Crusade. 1259 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. 1563 – The final session of the Council of Trent is held[5] nearly 18 years after the body held its first session on December 13, 1545. 1619 – Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." 1676 – The Battle of Lund, becomes the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history. 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. 1783 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. 1786 – Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). 1791 – The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published. 1804 – The United States House of Representatives adopts articles of impeachment against Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. 1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. 1861 – The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. 1864 – American Civil War: In the Battle of Waynesboro, Georgia, Union cavalry forces defeated Confederate cavalry, opening the way for Sherman's army to approach the coast. 1865 – North Carolina ratifies 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed soon by Georgia, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. 1867 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange). 1872 – The American brigantine Mary Celeste is discovered drifting in the Atlantic. Her crew is never found. 1875 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain. 1881 – The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published. 1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland. 1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha the first intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity for African-Americans was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. 1909 – In Canadian football, the First Grey Cup game is played. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club, 26–6. 1909 – The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the National Hockey Association. 1917 – The Finnish Senate submits to the Parliament of Finland a proposal for the form of government of the Republic of Finland and issued a communication to Parliament declaring the independence of Finland. 1918 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sails for the World War I peace talks in Versailles, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office. 1919 – Ukrainian War of Independence: The Polonsky conspiracy is initiated, with an attempt to assassinate the high command of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. 1928 – Cosmo Gordon Lang was enthroned as the Archbishop of Canterbury, the first bachelor to be appointed in 150 years.

[minetteskvareninova]

*runs towards you so fast she trips over her own feet*

"In any case, it is difficult to determine how much Rudolf's mostly absent mother negatively influenced his psychological development, especially if we take into account that the maternal role in his life was taken over by von Welden (as evidenced by the fact that in his farewell letter to his wife, he referenced von Welden along with Gisela and her husband or Latour) and grandmother Sophie. Rudolf's relationship to his grandmother has so far unfortunately not been documented very well, despite especially Barkeley providing examples (which he then ignores) of how close it was. Sophie and von Welden took care of Rudolf when he fell ill with typhoid fever in 1863, Rudolf liked to show off his grades to Sophie, and in general tried very hard to please her. Listowel supposes that Rudolf was already purposefully brownnosing to her at age 12, something she attributes to his knowledge of people - however, it may very well be the case that it was simply his grandmother that Rudolf knew well. Finally, Barkeley is the likely the only one who mentions Rudolf's reaction to her death, describing his fascination with every detail and connecting it to the boy's supposed morbid tendencies. However, he mentions nothing about any more predictable emotions, such as grief. Lastly, it is worth mentioning that despite their generally close relationship, conservative Sophie didn't seem to have held much influence over Rudolf's worldview. We can only speculate why. First off, it seems that as she grew older, Sophie stopped getting involved in politics, especially since her son pursued his policies independently (although in line with the values entrenched by Sophie) from the very beginning of his reign. Second, Rudolf seems to have been in this regard more influenced by his teachers, of whom we talk about bellow. Rudolf's dishonesty, developed over time, must've played some role; he might not have spoken his mind freely in front of his grandmother. Finally, Sophie died in 1872, when Rudolf only started to express his political opinions, and even that mainly his notebook, which neither his parents nor grandmother ever read."

(source: my thesis, relying mainly on Barkeley and Listowel)

This was about another not-the-best mother-in-law relation in history with First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and her mother-in-law Sara Delano Roosevelt, but it was Eleanor's daughter Anna who wrote how much she loved her grandmother and the stable and constant love she got from her growing up. It was another aspect of their story I hadn't considered. I think I remember either Rudolf or Gisela (or maybe both) saying something similar about Archduchess Sophie?

Hello! I also remember reading something along those lines but I couldn't find anything :( I'll keep looking for it, meanwhile the closest I have is this letter Rudolf wrote to Sophie upon learning of Maximilian of Mexico's death, which I think shows that he cared a lot for his grandmother:

My dear Grandmama! I hoped until today that it wasn’t true that dear Uncle Max was shot, but I learned today that unfortunately it is true. I am very unhappy for poor Uncle Max and I feel very sorry for you, dear Grandmama because you feel so much pain and sorrow again. I want to do everything possible, dear Grandmama, to bring you joy.

[oldpaintings]

The Letter of Farewell, 1872 by Antonio Barzaghi-Cattaneo (Swiss, 1834–1922)

[galleryofunknowns]

Antonio Barzaghi Cattaneo (b.1834 - d.1922), 'The Letter of Farewell', oil on canvas, c.1872, Swiss, sold for 5,625 CHF in Koller Old Master Paintings sale, September 2020; Zurich, Switzerland.

[peaceinthestorm]

Antonio Barzaghi-Cattaneo (1834-1922, Swiss) ~  The Letter of Farewell, 1872

[Source: auction.fr]

[masonyin]

01 BEETHOVEN THE TITAN

   Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, on December 16, 1770, the son of a court musician. His father was determined to make him a child prodigy and trained him vigorously.

   Once the young Beethoven played for Mozart and afterwards Mozart commented, “Mark that young man, he will make a name for himself in the world.”

   Beethoven eventually became one of the greatest musical geniuses ever lived and was best known for his nine symphonies. He played an crucial part in connecting the Classical and Romantic styles of Western music.

   His life was heroic but at the same time tragic, much like his music.

03 CONVERSATION IN A CAFE

   From 1818 onwards, Beethoven started carrying blank “conversation books” in order to communicate with friends and acquaintances. They would write in his conversation book, to which he would reply.

   In 1823, once when Beethoven was visiting his favorite coffee house, a stranger suffering the same hearing condition as Beethoven approached him and sought his advice, to which Beethoven replied:

“Baths [and] country air could improve many things. Just do not use mechanical devices [ear trumpets] too early; by abstaining from using them, I have fairly preserved my left ear in this way…When possible, [conversing] through writing is better; the hearing will be spared.”

04 SIXTY COFFEE BEANS

Beethoven’s secretary Anton Schindler recalled: “For breakfast, he drank coffee, which he usually prepared in a glass coffee-maker…coffee seems to have been the one indispensable item in his diet, and he was as fastidious as an Oriental in its preparation. He estimated sixty beans to the cup and would often count them out, especially when guests were present.”

05 BEETHOVEN’S MENU

   Beethoven loved fish and especially sea bass and codfish. He also loved his coffee in the morning and when friends came to visit, he would make them his other favorite dish, macaroni with butter and cheese. He also enjoyed soup with twelve drowned eggs. When it came to beverages, Beethoven preferred flat water and light Austrian wine.

06 FÜR ELISE

   Beethoven’s ‘Für Elise’ is most likely dedicated to Therese Malfatti, a woman to whom Beethoven proposed in 1810. Malfatti also had the original ‘Für Elise’ manuscript in her possession.

   Beethoven once wrote to Malfatti: “Bear me in memory—no one can wish you a brighter, happier life than I—even should it be that you care not at all for your devoted servant and friend, Beethoven.”

   ‘Für Elise’ is especially well-known in Taiwan because it is the music that accompanies garbage trucks. The trucks were imported from Germany and the piece ‘Für Elise’ was already installed in the trucks before they were imported.

07 IMMORTAL BELOVED

   A passionate love letter was discovered after Beethoven’s death. It was never mailed and the addressee of this “immortal beloved” (Unsterbliche Geliebte) remained unknown.

   Beethoven had four great loves in life: Therese Malfatti, Julie Guicciardi, Josephine von Brunsvik and Antonie Brentano. Historians can never be sure to whom this letter was addressed.

   The letter remains one of the most famous love letters ever written in Western history. Deep down inside, Beethoven was an rebellious soul waiting to be passionately loved:

“My angel, my everything, my very self… Wherever I am, you are with me… Your love makes me at once most happy and most unhappy… You - you my life – my everything - farewell - oh continue to love me - never misjudge the most faithful heart of your Beloved

Ever thine   Ever mine Ever us.”

08 THE WORLD CAN’T BE HEARD

   Beethoven first noticed he was gradually losing his hearing when he was 28, at the height of his early fame. By 1802, his hearing only worsened but the proud Beethoven did not want the cultural circle in Vienna to find out about his defect, so he often withdrew from social life.

   In the Heiligenstadt Testament, a letter written by Beethoven to his brothers Carl and Johann, Beethoven described the despair he felt about slowly losing his hearing and how he even contemplated suicide:

“If I apporach near to people a hot terror seizes upon me and I fear being exposed to the danger that my condition might be noticed…I would have ended my life—it was only my art that held me back. Ah, it seemed to me impoosible to leave this world until I had brought forth all that I felt was within me…”

09 SYMPHONY NO.5 ‘FATE’

   The premiere of Beethoven’s 5th Symphony took place in Vienna’s Theater an der Wien on Dec. 22, 1808, conducted by Beethoven himself.  Although the premiere did not garner immediate success, later writer/music critic E.T.A Hoffmann praised the symphony with this imagery:

“Radiant beams shoot through this region’s deep night, and we become aware of gigantic shadows which, rocking back and forth, close in on us and destroy everything within us except the pain of endless longing—a longing in which every pleasure that rose up in jubilant tones sinks and succumbs, and only through this pain, which, while consuming but not destroying love, hope, and joy, tries to burst our breasts with full-voiced harmonies of all the passions, we live on and are captivated beholders of the spirits.”

10 THE LAST CURTAIN CALL

   Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9, also known as the Choral Symphony, premiered on May 7, 1824 in Vienna, and was an immediate success with the audience. Beethoven was almost completely deaf at this point and couldn’t possibly conduct the orchestra himself, so he stood alongside the “official conductor”, Michael Umlauf. Violinist Joseph Böhm recalled,

“At one moment he [Beethoven] stretched to his full height, at the next he crouched down to the floor, he flailed about with his hands and feet as though he wanted to play all the instruments and sing all the chorus parts.”

   According to the critic for the Theater-Zeitung: “the public received the musical hero with the utmost respect and sympathy, listened to his wonderful, gigantic creations with the most absorbed attention and broke out in jubilant applause, often during sections, and repeatedly at the end of them.”

   The audience was ecstatic, they gave Beethoven five standing ovations, and threw handkerchiefs in the air, hats, and raised hands to show the nearly deaf Beethoven their undeniable excitement.

11 LIGHT IN A DARK PLACE

   Beethoven passed away on March 26, 1827 at the age of 56. His friend Anselm Hüttenbrenner was present when Beethoven passed and recalled during a thunderstorm, as a flash of lightening stroke:

“Beethoven opened his eyes, lifted his right hand and looked up for several seconds with his fist clenched … not another breath, not a heartbeat more.”  

   About 10,000 Viennese attended Beethoven’s funeral procession on March 29, 1872. Franz Schubert was one of the pallbearers. The world is not alone anymore because Beethoven had left his greatest legacy for us to enjoy for centuries and paved the way for the Romantics. His music offers us not only passion and despair but also hope, strength, and consolation.

[amore0429]

The Letter of Farewell, 1872 by Antonio Barzaghi-Cattaneo (Swiss, 1834–1922)

[monasteryicons]

Saint André, Miracle Man of Montreal

Rising above a hill in Montreal known as Mount Royal, there stands one of the largest cathedrals in the world – the Oratory of Saint Joseph. Its great height of 361 feet is matched by its massive girth, which is large enough to hold within itself many of the world's largest shrines. If one were to ask who built this magnificent house of God, he would be told “Brother André.” Small in stature, unassuming in appearance and manner, Brother André Bessette was great in the Kingdom of God. On October 17, 2010, the Catholic Church canonized this unassuming porter whose miraculous ministry to the sick and needy earned him the title “the miracle man of Montreal.” Born in a pious rural family in Montreal, Canada in 1845, Alfred Bessette was a frail child whose poor health and chronic indigestion carried over into youth, and old age, up to his death at the age of 91. In his youth he met Father André Provencal, who inspired the devotion to Saint Joseph that became the hallmark of the young saint. It was at this time that he formed the lifelong habit of immersing himself in prayer for hours before the Blessed Sacrament, many times in long, deep conversation with Saint Joseph. In 1870, Brother André determined to join the Congregation of the Holy Cross, armed with an introductory letter from Father Provancal which said, “I am sending a saint to your Congregation.” Despite the chronic health which threatened his continued residence in the community, in 1872, Brother André was received into the novitiate and assigned as the porter of the College. In later years, he quipped “My superiors showed me the door and I stayed there.” He quickly became a beloved friend of the students, whom he taught “What the Holy Spirit did for the Apostles, He will do for you.” He realized this in his own life, and soon his reputation as a miracle worker began to grown among the students of the college. One day, as the pious porter was scrubbing the floor in the parlor of the college, a lady came to see him, having heard of his reputation. She was so afflicted with rheumatism that she could only walk with the assistance of two men supporting her by holding each arm. Her request to Brother André was simple enough: “I am suffering from rheumatism. I want you to heal me.” Not looking up from the floor he was still busily scrubbing, Brother André said to the men assisting her, “Let her walk.” The woman walked out unassisted. As the school’s doorkeeper, Brother André saluted and bid farewell to the many guests who came to the college. Having a keen interest in their spiritual welfare and a sympathetic ear for their problems, the little doorman could often tell who was in need of his prayers or counsel. One day he noticed on the face of a guest — the father of a boarding student — a preoccupied, strained expression. When Brother André learned that the man was worried about his sick wife, he told him, “But she is not so sick as you think. At this very moment she became better.” The man was quite cynical, for he knew that his wife had been ill for many years. Yet upon arriving home, his wife greeted him at the door, perfectly healthy, in good spirits, and inquiring about the couple’s children. The man later learned, upon speaking with his wife’s nurse, that she had asked to be taken out of bed exactly when Brother André pronounced the words, “At this very moment, she became better.” Hundreds of thousands of pilgrims – Catholics, Protestants, Jews and unbelievers – flocked to him for the healing of their souls and bodies. Often this was affected through “Saint Joseph’s oil,” a mixture that Brother André rubbed on wounds and sick limbs after burning it before a statue of Saint Joseph. Although all claimed the miracles were worked through the humble porter’s faith, he himself scoffed at these claims and felt he only did the work of Christ. If Brother André had any mission, he said, it was to teach devotion to Saint Joseph. In 1890, he conceived the desire to honor Saint Joseph by the construction of a great shrine on the mountain by the College. The pillars of Saint Joseph are draped with hundreds of crutches and other prosthetics that testify to Brother André’s God-given power to free the crippled and diseased from their maladies. Today the saint’s relics lie in a black marble sepulchre in the back of the Oratory. And the grand cathedral is itself a living spokesman of the great message of Brother André’s life: “Ite ad Joseph – go to Joseph!” Pope John Paul II said, “We venerate in Blessed Brother André a man of prayer and a friend of the poor, a truly astonishing man... In each age the Holy Spirit raises up such humble witnesses of the Gospel, who turn things topsy-turvy.”

[homedevises]

All You Need To Know About Interior Homes Designs | interior homes designs

ZINKE BIDS FAREWELL TO INTERIOR: Interior Secretary Ryan ZinkeRyan Keith ZinkeOvernight Energy: Zinke marks aftermost day at Interior | House Dems ascertain altitude console diplomacy | Halliburton administrator retires Zinke departs from Interior column Halliburton administrator retires amidst delving into acreage accord with Zinke MORE formally larboard his position Wednesday, tweeting that it has been a “high honor” to serve Admiral TrumpDonald John TrumpDOJ declines to booty Arpaio activity to Supreme Court Canadian man arrested for arrest at White House says he capital to bear Crown Royal to Trump Graham: Trump giving up on bound bank activity would be the ‘end of his presidency’ MORE and the American people.

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Zinke appear his plan to abandon aftermost ages amidst abundant investigations into whether he abandoned belief standards.

Zinke, whose 22-month administering was apparent by rollbacks of ecology behavior and a advance to accession deposit ammunition production, had planned Wednesday as his abandonment date from the outset.

Zinke’s letter came the day afore Democrats booty the majority in the House, which would accept accustomed the affair and admission Natural Resources Board Administrator Raúl Grijalva (D-Ariz.) the ability to amendment him and bulldoze him to affirm in hearings.

“We’ve adequate accessible acreage ‘for the account & amusement of the people,’ bigger accessible admission & shall never be captivated earnest afresh for our activity needs,” Zinke said in the account handwritten in red brand on his official letterhead, scanned and acquaint at apex on Twitter.

The adduce is from the 1872 law that created Yellowstone Civic Esplanade as the nation’s aboriginal civic park. It is additionally inscribed in the Roosevelt Arch, a cairn at an access to Yellowstone that ceremoniousness Admiral Theodore Roosevelt, to whom Zinke frequently compared himself for his attention legacy.

“God absolve America & those who avert her,” Zinke wrote. Read added on his avenue here.

  Bernhardt takes over: Deputy Interior Secretary David Bernhardt, a above administering adviser and lobbyist for industries like activity and water, appears to accept taken over as acting secretary afterwards Zinke’s departure.

He abounding Trump’s Cabinet affair Wednesday at the White House and his name bowl said “Acting Interior Secretary.” But Interior didn’t acknowledge to requests for animadversion on the alteration and the website still lists Zinke as secretary, acceptable stemming from the government shutdown.

  Quite a time to leave: Zinke’s abandonment comes in the average of a fractional government shutdown, which is affecting all of Interior except the Bureau of Reclamation.

The Trump administering actively chose to leave civic parks accessible as abundant as possible, alike after agents present. It was, in part, a acknowledgment to the Obama administration’s accommodation to block esplanade entrances during the 2013 shutdown, which the GOP criticized harshly.

But the accommodation is wreaking calamity on some parks, arch to crises of trash, animal waste, actionable fires and added problems. Read added about those problems here.

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Happy Wednesday! And Happy New Year! Welcome to Overnight Energy, The Hill’s assembly of the latest activity and ambiance news.

Please accelerate tips and comments to Timothy Cama, tcama@thehill.com, and Miranda Green, mgreen@thehill.com. Follow us on Twitter: @Timothy_Cama, @mirandacgreen, @thehill.

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  HOUSE DEMS FORMALIZE CLIMATE COMMITTEE PLANS: House Democrats accept formally proposed creating a new board on altitude change, after abounding of the capital factors that progressives capital in the panel’s structure.

Democratic leaders apparent the diplomacy for the “Select Board on the Altitude Crisis” backward Tuesday as allotment of a amalgamation of rules to administer House diplomacy for the abutting two years.

The proposed rules, which the House will vote to accept Thursday back Democrats formally booty the chamber’s majority, say the baddest board is instructed “to investigate, study, accomplish findings, and advance recommendations on policies, strategies, and innovations to accomplish abundant and abiding reductions in abuse and added activities that accord to the altitude crisis which will account our albatross to be acceptable admiral of the planet for approaching generations.”

As has been appear in contempo weeks, the console will not accept abounding of the appearance that Rep.-elect Alexandria Ocasio-CortezAlexandria Ocasio-CortezOn The Money: Second White House affair appointed as abeyance drags adjoin anniversary three | McConnell suggests abeyance could aftermost weeks | Trump blames banal bazaar accelerate on ‘glitch’ Overnight Energy: Zinke marks aftermost day at Interior | House Dems ascertain altitude console diplomacy | Halliburton administrator retires Sanders worries pay-go rules could complicate altitude change activity MORE (D-N.Y.), dozens of added Democrats and hundreds of activists accept asked for to advance to a “Green New Deal.”

The console will not accept the ability to amendment or depose, nor will it accept the ascendancy to vote on legislation and accelerate it anon to the House attic for a vote.

It additionally is not actuality absolutely answerable with developing Green New Accord legislation, which supporters anticipate bringing the canton to 100 percent renewable electricity and decarbonizing above industries over 10 years, as able-bodied as a accepted jobs agreement and added ideas. Read more.

  HALLIBURTON CHAIRMAN ALSO OUT: In accession to Zinke, account additionally came Wednesday that David Lesar, administrator of oilfield casework aggregation Halliburton Co., is additionally out.

Lesar retired able Monday, Halliburton said, as he had planned to do back at atomic May 2017. He is a amount in the Montana acreage accord with Zinke that is beneath analysis by Interior’s Appointment of the Inspector General (OIG), although the delving focuses on allegations adjoin Zinke, and Lesar is not a accountable of it.

Halliburton said Wednesday that Jeff MillerJefferson (Jeff) Bingham MillerOvernight Energy: Zinke marks aftermost day at Interior | House Dems ascertain altitude console diplomacy | Halliburton administrator retires Halliburton administrator retires amidst delving into acreage accord with Zinke Afterwards 30 years, it’s time to amend VA’s Cabinet administering cachet MORE, the accepted admiral and CEO, will additionally serve as administrator activity forward.

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Zinke, through a nonprofit he acclimated to head, adjourned the accord with a development backed in allotment by Lesar apropos a artifice of acreage the nonprofit endemic in Zinke’s hometown of Whitefish, Mont. The accord was aboriginal appear by Politico aftermost year.

The OIG has back referred the delving to the Justice Administering for abeyant bent prosecution. The office, which is bankrupt as allotment of the advancing fractional government shutdown, didn’t acknowledge to a appeal for animadversion Wednesday. Read more.

  ON TAP THURSDAY:

New associates of the House and Senate will be affidavit into office, and Democrats will formally booty ascendancy of the House. The House will additionally vote on its new apostle and the rules for the advancing two years, including on basic the altitude committee.

  OUTSIDE THE BELTWAY:

Dominion Activity Inc. completed its accretion of South Carolina’s Scana Corp. Wednesday, the State reports.

New Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) active her aboriginal controlling charge Wednesday, a move to stop approaching problems like the Flint baptize crisis, the Detroit Free Press reports.

U.S. oil prices rose 2.5 percent Wednesday on expectations that exports from Saudi Arabia will fall, CNBC reports.

  FROM THE HILL’S OPINION SECTION:

Carolyn Kissane, bookish administrator and a analytic abettor of all-around diplomacy at the Center for All-around Diplomacy at NYU School of Professional Studies, explains all of the major changes OPEC has apparent over the aftermost year.

Bennett E. Resnik, abettor admonition and administrator of government relations for Cardinal Infrastructure, argues that Congress should not abhorrence adopting the gas tax.

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  IN CASE YOU MISSED IT:

Check Wednesday’s belief …

– Zinke departs from Interior post

– Norway sets apple almanac with electric cars sold aftermost year

– House Dems formalize climate board diplomacy after Green New Accord language

– Halliburton chairman retires amid delving into acreage accord with Zinke

– Russian oil achievement hit almanac aerial in 2018

– Bill Gates-backed nuclear activity adjourned by US restrictions on China

And a few from the holidays …

– New Interior FOIA rule could accomplish it harder to get accessible documents

– Republicans push ‘innovation’ as altitude change solution

– Ocasio-Cortez, progressives express disappointment with altitude panel

– EPA reconsiders charge for mercury pollution standards at ability plants

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– Zinke’s drilling agenda to outlive tenure

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[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.4

771 – Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom. 1110 – The Kingdom of Jerusalem captures Sidon. 1259 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. 1563 – The final session of the Council of Trent is held. (It had opened on December 13, 1545.) 1619 – Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." 1676 – The Royal Danish Army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish Army commanded by the Swedish king Charles XI at the Battle of Lund, to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history and a turning point in the Scanian War. 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. 1783 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. 1786 – Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). 1791 – The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published. 1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. 1861 – The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: At Waynesboro, Georgia, forces under Union General Judson Kilpatrick prevent troops led by Confederate General Joseph Wheeler from interfering with Union General William T. Sherman's campaign destroying a wide swath of the South on his march to the Atlantic Ocean from Atlanta. 1865 – North Carolina ratifies 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed soon by Georgia, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. 1867 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange). 1872 – The crewless American brigantine Mary Celeste, drifting in the Atlantic, is discovered by the Canadian brig Dei Gratia. The ship has been abandoned for nine days but is only slightly damaged. Her master Benjamin Briggs and all nine others known to have been on board are never accounted for. 1875 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain. 1881 – The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published. 1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland. 1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha the first black intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. 1909 – In Canadian football, the First Grey Cup game is played. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club, 26–6. 1909 – The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the National Hockey Association. 1917 – After drafting the Declaration of Independence, the Finnish Senate headed by P. E. Svinhufvud submitted to the Parliament of Finland a proposal for the form of government of the Republic of Finland and issued a communication to Parliament declaring independence of Finland. 1918 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sails for the World War I peace talks in Versailles, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office. 1928 – Cosmo Gordon Lang was enthroned as the Archbishop of Canterbury, the first bachelor to be appointed in 150 years. 1939 – World War II: HMS Nelson is struck by a mine (laid by U-31) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940. 1942 – World War II: Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends. 1943 – World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile. 1943 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes down the Works Progress Administration, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States. 1945 – By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves United States participation in the United Nations. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.) 1948 – Chinese Civil War: The SS Kiangya, carrying Nationalist refugees from Shanghai, explodes in the Huangpu River. 1949 – Sir Duncan George Stewart was fatally stabbed by Rosli Dhobi, a member leader of the Rukun 13, in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia during the British crown colony era in that state. 1950 – Korean War: Jesse L. Brown (the 1st African-American Naval aviator) is killed in action during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. 1956 – The Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash) get together at Sun Studio for the first and last time. 1964 – Free Speech Movement: Police arrest over 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the UC Regents' decision to forbid protests on UC property. 1965 – Launch of Gemini 7 with crew members Frank Borman and Jim Lovell. The Gemini 7 spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed space rendezvous performed by the crew of Gemini 6A. 1967 – Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta. 1969 – Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers. 1971 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: The Indian Navy attacks the Pakistan Navy and Karachi. 1971 – The PNS Ghazi, a Pakistan Navy submarine, sinks during the course of the Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971. 1971 – During a concert of Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention at the Montreux Casino, an audience member fires a flare gun into the venue's ceiling, causing a fire that destroys the venue. Rock band Deep Purple, who were to use the Casino as the site for the recording of their next album, witnesses the fire from their hotel; the incident would be immortalized in their best known song, "Smoke on the Water". 1974 – Martinair Flight 138 crashes into the Saptha Kanya mountain range in Maskeliya, Sri Lanka, killing 191. 1977 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire. 1977 – Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, Johor, killing 100. 1978 – Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein becomes San Francisco's first female mayor. 1979 – The Hastie fire in Hull kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest Bruce George Peter Lee. 1981 – South Africa grants independence to the Ciskei "homeland" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa). 1982 – The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution. 1983 – US Navy aircraft from USS John F. Kennedy and USS Independence attack Syrian missile sites in Lebanon in response to an F-14 being fired on by an SA-7. One A-6 Intruder and A-7 Corsair are shot down. One American pilot is killed, one is rescued, and one is captured. 1984 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers kill 107–150 civilians in Mannar. 1986 – The MV Amazon Venture oil tanker begins leaking oil while at the port of Savannah in the United States, resulting in an oil spill of approximately 500,000 US gallons (1,900,000 l). 1991 – Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in Beirut; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon. 1991 – Pan American World Airways ceases its operations after 64 years. 1992 – Somali Civil War: President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in Northeast Africa. 1998 – The Unity Module, the second module of the International Space Station, is launched. 2005 – Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong protest for democracy and call on the government to allow universal and equal suffrage. 2006 – Six black youths assault a white teenager in Jena, Louisiana. 2014 – Islamic insurgents kill three state police at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in Grozny. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed. 2015 – A firebomb is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, killing 17 people. 2017 – The Thomas Fire starts near Santa Paula in California. It eventually became the largest wildfire in modern California history to date after burning 440 square miles (1,140 km2) in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties. 2021 – Semeru on the Indonesian island of Java erupts, killing at least 68 people.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.4

771 – Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom. 1110 – The Kingdom of Jerusalem captures Sidon. 1259 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. 1563 – The final session of the Council of Trent is held. (It had opened on December 13, 1545.) 1619 – Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." 1676 – The Danish army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish army commanded by the Swedish king Charles XI at the Battle of Lund, to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history and a turning point in the Scanian War. 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. 1783 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. 1786 – Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). 1791 – The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published. 1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. 1861 – The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: At Waynesboro, Georgia, forces under Union General Judson Kilpatrick prevent troops led by Confederate General Joseph Wheeler from interfering with Union General William T. Sherman's campaign destroying a wide swath of the South on his march to the Atlantic Ocean from Atlanta. 1865 – North Carolina ratifies 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed soon by Georgia, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. 1867 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange). 1872 – The crewless American brigantine Mary Celeste, drifting in the Atlantic, is discovered by the Canadian brig Dei Gratia. The ship has been abandoned for nine days but is only slightly damaged. Her master Benjamin Briggs and all nine others known to have been on board are never accounted for. 1875 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain. 1881 – The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published. 1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland. 1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha the first black intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. 1909 – In Canadian football, the First Grey Cup game is played. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club, 26–6. 1909 – The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the National Hockey Association. 1917 – After drafting the Declaration of Independence, the Finnish Senate headed by P. E. Svinhufvud submitted to the Parliament of Finland a proposal for the form of government of the Republic of Finland and issued a communication to Parliament declaring independence of Finland. 1918 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sails for the World War I peace talks in Versailles, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office. 1939 – World War II: HMS Nelson is struck by a mine (laid by U-31) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940. 1942 – World War II: Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends. 1943 – World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile. 1943 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes down the Works Progress Administration, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States. 1945 – By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves United States participation in the United Nations. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.) 1949 – Sir Duncan George Stewart was fatally stabbed by Rosli Dhobi, a member leader of the Rukun 13, in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia during the British crown colony era in that state. 1956 – The Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash) get together at Sun Studio for the first and last time. 1964 – Free Speech Movement: Police arrest over 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the UC Regents' decision to forbid protests on UC property. 1965 – Launch of Gemini 7 with crew members Frank Borman and Jim Lovell. The Gemini 7 spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed space rendezvous performed by the crew of Gemini 6A. 1967 – Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta. 1969 – Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers. 1971 – The Indian Navy attacks the Pakistan Navy and Karachi. 1971 – The PNS Ghazi, a submarine belonging to the Pakistan Navy, sinks during the course of the Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971. 1977 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire. 1977 – Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, Johor, killing 100. 1978 – Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein becomes San Francisco's first female mayor. 1979 – The Hastie fire in Hull kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest Bruce George Peter Lee. 1981 – South Africa grants independence to the Ciskei "homeland" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa). 1982 – The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution. 1983 – US Navy aircraft from USS John F. Kennedy and USS Independence attack Syrian missile sites in Lebanon in response to an F-14 being fired on by an SA-7. One A-6 Intruder and A-7 Corsair are shot down. One American pilot is killed, one is rescued, and one is captured. 1984 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers kill 107–150 civilians in Mannar. 1991 – Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in Beirut; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon. 1991 – Pan American World Airways ceases its operations after 64 years. 1992 – Somali Civil War: President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in Northeast Africa. 1998 – The Unity Module, the second module of the International Space Station, is launched. 2005 – Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong protest for democracy and call on the government to allow universal and equal suffrage. 2006 – Six black youths assault a white teenager in Jena, Louisiana. 2014 – Islamic insurgents kill three state police at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in Grozny. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed. 2015 – A firebomb is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, killing 17 people. 2017 – The Thomas Fire starts near Santa Paula in California. It eventually became the largest wildfire in modern California history to date after burning 440 square miles (1,140 km2) in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.4

771 – Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom. 1110 – The Kingdom of Jerusalem captures Sidon. 1259 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. 1563 – The final session of the Council of Trent is held. (It had opened on December 13, 1545.) 1619 – Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." 1676 – The Danish army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish army commanded by the Swedish king Charles XI at the Battle of Lund, to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history and a turning point in the Scanian War. 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. 1783 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. 1786 – Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). 1791 – The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published. 1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. 1861 – The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: At Waynesboro, Georgia, forces under Union General Judson Kilpatrick prevent troops led by Confederate General Joseph Wheeler from interfering with Union General William T. Sherman's campaign destroying a wide swath of the South on his march to the Atlantic Ocean from Atlanta. 1865 – North Carolina ratifies 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed soon by Georgia, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. 1867 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange). 1872 – The crewless American brigantine Mary Celeste, drifting in the Atlantic, is discovered by the Canadian brig Dei Gratia. The ship has been abandoned for nine days but is only slightly damaged. Her master Benjamin Briggs and all nine others known to have been on board are never accounted for. 1875 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain. 1881 – The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published. 1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland. 1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha the first black intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. 1909 – In Canadian football, the First Grey Cup game is played. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club, 26–6. 1909 – The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the National Hockey Association. 1918 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sails for the World War I peace talks in Versailles, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office. 1939 – World War II: HMS Nelson is struck by a mine (laid by U-31) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940. 1942 – World War II: Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends. 1943 – World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile. 1943 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes down the Works Progress Administration, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States. 1945 – By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves United States participation in the United Nations. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.) 1949 – Sir Duncan George Stewart was fatally stabbed by Rosli Dhobi, a member leader of the Rukun 13, in Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia during the British crown colony era in that state. 1956 – The Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash) get together at Sun Studio for the first and last time. 1964 – Free Speech Movement: Police arrest over 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the UC Regents' decision to forbid protests on UC property. 1965 – Launch of Gemini 7 with crew members Frank Borman and Jim Lovell. The Gemini 7 spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed space rendezvous performed by the crew of Gemini 6A. 1967 – Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta. 1969 – Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers. 1971 – The Indian Navy attacks the Pakistan Navy and Karachi. 1971 – The PNS Ghazi, a submarine belonging to the Pakistan Navy, sinks during the course of the Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971. 1977 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire. 1977 – Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, Johor, killing 100. 1978 – Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein becomes San Francisco's first female mayor. 1979 – The Hastie fire in Hull kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest Bruce George Peter Lee. 1981 – South Africa grants independence to the Ciskei "homeland" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa). 1982 – The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution. 1983 – US Navy aircraft from USS John F. Kennedy and USS Independence attack Syrian Missile sites in Lebanon in response to an F-14 being fired on by an SA-7. One A-6 Intruder and A-7 Corsair are shot down. 1 American pilot was killed, one was rescued and one is captured. 1984 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers kill 107–150 civilians in Mannar. 1991 – Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in Beirut; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon. 1991 – Pan American World Airways ceases its operations after 64 years. 1992 – Somali Civil War: President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in Northeast Africa. 1998 – The Unity Module, the second module of the International Space Station, is launched. 2005 – Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong protest for democracy and call on the government to allow universal and equal suffrage. 2006 – Six black youths assault a white teenager in Jena, Louisiana. 2014 – Islamic insurgents kill three state police at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in Grozny. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed. 2015 – A firebomb is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, killing 17 people. 2017 – The Thomas Fire starts near Santa Paula in California. It eventually becomes the largest wildfire in modern California history (at that time) after burning 440 square miles (281,893 acres; 114,078 ha) in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.4

771 – Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom. 1110 – The Kingdom of Jerusalem captures Sidon. 1259 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. 1563 – The final session of the Council of Trent is held. (It had opened on December 13, 1545.) 1619 – Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." 1674 – Father Jacques Marquette founds a mission on the shores of Lake Michigan to minister to the Illiniwek. (The mission would later grow into the city of Chicago.) 1676 – Battle of Lund: A Danish army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish army commanded by Field Marshal Simon Grundel-Helmfelt. 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. 1783 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. 1786 – Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). 1791 – The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published. 1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. 1861 – The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: At Waynesboro, Georgia, forces under Union General Judson Kilpatrick prevent troops led by Confederate General Joseph Wheeler from interfering with Union General William T. Sherman's campaign destroying a wide swath of the South on his march to the Atlantic Ocean from Atlanta. 1867 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange). 1872 – The crewless American ship Mary Celeste is found by the Canadian brig Dei Gratia. The ship had been abandoned for nine days but was only slightly damaged. 1875 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain. 1881 – The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published. 1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland. 1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha the first black intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. 1909 – In Canadian football, the First Grey Cup game is played. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club, 26–6. 1909 – The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the National Hockey Association. 1918 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson sails for the World War I peace talks in Versailles, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office. 1939 – World War II: HMS Nelson is struck by a mine (laid by U-31) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940. 1942 – World War II: Carlson's patrol during the Guadalcanal Campaign ends. 1943 – World War II: In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile. 1943 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt closes down the Works Progress Administration, because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States. 1945 – By a vote of 65–7, the United States Senate approves United States participation in the United Nations. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.) 1954 – The first Burger King is opened in Miami. 1956 – The Million Dollar Quartet (Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, and Johnny Cash) get together at Sun Studio for the first and last time. 1965 – The Grateful Dead's first concert performance under this new name. 1967 – Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta. 1969 – Black Panther Party members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers. 1971 – The Indian Navy attacks the Pakistan Navy and Karachi. 1977 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic, crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire. 1977 – Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, Johor, killing 100. 1978 – Following the murder of Mayor George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein becomes San Francisco's first female mayor. 1979 – The Hastie fire in Hull kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest Bruce George Peter Lee. 1981 – South Africa grants independence to the Ciskei "homeland" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa). 1982 – The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution. 1984 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Army soldiers kill 107–150 civilians in Mannar. 1991 – Terry A. Anderson is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in Beirut; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in Lebanon. 1991 – Pan American World Airways ceases its operations after 64 years. 1992 – Somali Civil War: President George H. W. Bush orders 28,000 U.S. troops to Somalia in Northeast Africa. 1998 – The Unity Module, the second module of the International Space Station, is launched. 2005 – Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong protest for democracy and call on the government to allow universal and equal suffrage. 2006 – Six black youths assault a white teenager in Jena, Louisiana. 2014 – Islamic insurgents kill three state police at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in Grozny. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed. 2015 – A firebomb is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of Cairo, killing 17 people.