#the current era on the imperial calendar

[littleeyesofpallas]

Gekkan COMIC BUNCH[月刊コミックバンチ]: MONTHLY COMIC BUNCH

Kaijuu Jieitai[怪獣自衛隊]: Kaiju Self Defense Force

Shiyakusho[死役所]: Government Office (of) Death

Oten no Mon[応天の門]

Ohitori-sama HOTEL[おひとりさまホテル]: One Person HOTEL

Rokuhōdō Yotsuiro Biyori[鹿楓堂よついろ日和]

Delicious Underground[デリシャス・アンダーグラウンド]

DinoSan[ディノサン]: Dinosaurs Sanctuary

Saigo no RESTAURANT[最後のレストラン]: The last RESTAURANT

Artiste[アルティスト]

Keikoku no Shitateya - Rose Bertin[傾国の仕立て屋 ローズ・ベルタン]: The Dressmaker of the Ruinous Beauty - Rose Bertin

"Kodomo wo Koroshite kudasai" to iu Oyatachi[「子供を殺してください」という親たち]: Parent says "Kill (my) Child, Please"

Moeyoken[燃えよ剣]: Burning Sword

Narazumono Renbo[ならずもの恋慕]

Misetagari no Tsuyuno-Chan[見せたがりの露乃ちゃん]: Tsyyuno-cahn Wants to show it

Boku no Tsuma wa Hattatsu Shougai[僕の妻は発達障害] MY WIFE HAS A DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER

OOKAMI Buka-kun to HITSUJI Jouushi-san[オオカミ部下くんとヒツ��上司さん]: WOLF Subordinate-kun & SHEEP Superior-san

Ruru Hikaru -Vampire Memories-[るるひかる -Vampire Memories-]: Unbroken Light-Vampire Memories-

GANGSTA.[ギャングスタ]

Boku wa Oniichan no Koto ga Suki desu[僕はお兄ちゃんのことが好きです。]: Onii-chan's Thing That I Like

Shabake[しゃばけ]: worldly desires

TOKYO TOYBOXES[東京トイボクシーズ]

Zenra Kantoku Muranishi Tooru Den[全裸監督 村西とおる伝] Toru Muranishi The Naked Director

[talonabraxas]

Tonatiuh, the Sun or the Sun God. Symbol of the Fifth World, the present era.

The sun was a god to the Aztecs, a Mesoamerican civilization, for several reasons:

1. Life-giver: The sun was seen as a source of life, warmth, and energy, essential for crops and human survival.

2. Cosmic order: The Aztecs believed the sun's daily journey across the sky maintained the balance and order of the universe.

3. Warfare and sacrifice: The sun god, Huitzilopochtli, was also associated with warfare and human sacrifice, which were crucial to Aztec religion and politics.

4. Creation myth: The Aztecs believed the sun was born from the sacrifice of the god Nanahuatzin, who leapt into the fire to become the sun, symbolizing the cycle of life and death.

5. Agricultural cycles: The sun's cycles were closely tied to agricultural seasons, and the Aztecs believed the sun's rays fertilized the earth, ensuring fertility and abundance.

6. Imperial ideology: The Aztec emperor was often depicted as the sun god's earthly representative, legitimizing his power and authority.

The Aztecs worshipped the sun god through rituals, sacrifices, and ceremonies, believing that these actions ensured the sun's continued journey and the maintenance of the cosmos.

The Aztec sun stone - Aztec calendar stone

Aztec calendar stone showing the face of Tonatiuh, the sun god, at the centre.

(Aztec calendar stone)

The Aztecs were fascinated by the sun and carefully observed it, and had a solar calendar similar to that of the Maya. Many of today's remaining Aztec monuments have structures aligned with the sun.

In the Aztec calendar, Tonatiuh is the lord of the thirteen days from 1 Death to 13 Flint.

The preceding thirteen days are ruled over by Chalchiuhtlicue, and the following thirteen by Tlaloc.

Detail of the two innermost circles of the monolith.

The sculpted motifs that cover the surface of the stone refer to central components of the Mexica cosmogony.

Central Disk

In the center of the monolith is the face of the solar deity, Tonatiuh,which appears inside the glyph for "movement" (Nahuatl: 'ollin'), the name of the current era. The central figure is shown holding a human heart in each of his clawed hands, and his tongue is represented by a stone sacrificial knife (Tecpatl), expressing the need for sacrifices to allow the sun to continue moving across the sky.

The Four Previous Suns or Eras

The four squares that surround the central deity represent the four previous suns or eras, which preceded the present era, 4 Movement (Nahuatl: 'Nahui Ollin').

Each era ended with the destruction of the world and humanity, which were then recreated in the next era.

The top right square represents 4 Jaguar (Nahuatl: 'Nahui Ocelotl'), the day on which the first era ended, after having lasted 676 years, due to the appearance of monsters that devoured all of humanity.

The top left square shows 4 Wind (Nahuatl: 'Nahui Ehecatl'), the date on which, after 364 years, hurricane winds destroyed the earth, and humans were turned into monkeys.

The bottom left square shows 4 Rain (Nahuatl: 'Nahui Quiahuitl').

This era lasted 312 years, before being destroyed by a rain of fire, which transformed humanity into turkeys.

The bottom right square represents 4 Water (Nahuatl: 'Nahui Atl'), an era that lasted 676 years and ended when the world was flooded and all the humans were turned into fish.

Placed among these four squares are three additional dates, 1 Flint, 1 Rain, and 7 Monkey, and a Xiuhuitzolli, or ruler's turquoise diadem, glyph.

It has been suggested that these dates may have had both historical and cosmic significance, and that the diadem may form part of the name of the Mexica ruler Moctezuma.

Detail of the two innermost circles of the monolith.

Mexican anthropologist Antonio de León y Gama (1735-1802) wrote about the Sun Stone.

One aspect of the stone is its religious significance. One theory is that the face at the center of the stone represents Tonatiuh, the Aztec deity of the sun.

It is for this reason that the stone became known as the "Sun Stone." Richard Townsend proposed a different theory, claiming that the figure at the centre of the stone represents Tlaltecuhtli, the Mexica earth deity who features in Mexica creation myths.

Another feature of the stone relates to time, hence the name, "Calendar Stone."

Some of the circles of glyphs are the glyphs for the days of the month. Further, some of the symbols may represent the five ages that the Mexica believed the earth had passed through.

Yet another characteristic of the stone may be its geographic significance.

The four points may relate to the four corners of the earth or the cardinal points. The inner circles may express space as well as time.

Moreover, there is the political aspect of the stone.

It may have been intended to show Tenochtitlan as the center of the world and therefore, as the center of authority

[walkingbomb]

DRAGON AGE TIMELINE:

This uses the Chantry calendar, which measures time in "Ages." Each age lasts one hundred years; the current age is the Dragon Age, the ninth since the founding of the Chantry, which marked the beginning of the Chantry calendar. Anything prior to 1:01 Divine is known as the Ancient Era and denoted using negative numbers, counted backwards: the year immediately preceding 1:01 Divine (the first year of the first named Age) is -1 Ancient, the year before that is -2 Ancient, and so on. The Chantry calendar doesn't have a year zero.

Many dates given in the Ancient Era are rough estimates taken from various DA sources, to be taken with a pinch of salt. Will likely be continually edited and updated.

This is a LONG post. You've been warned!

-7600 Ancient: Arlathan, fabled city of the elves, was founded. Elvhen cities existed before this, spread across Thedas and through the fade.

-4600 Ancient: Dwarves & Elves make first contact

-3100 Ancient: Arrival of humans to Thedas, settling in what would become known as Tevinter

-2800 Ancient: The Old Gods begin whispering to the humans, teaching them magic, faith in them becomes widespread

-1595 Ancient: Thalsian declares himself First Priest of Dumat, first blood mage and dreamer- he is given credit for further popularising worship of the Old Gods by establishing temples, and creating the mage ruling class of Tevinter.

-1200 Ancient: Humans and dwarves create first alliance between early Tevinter and Kal-Sharok

-1195 Ancient: Tevinter Imperium founded

-981 Ancient: Tevinter Imperium declares war on the elves, rallying their forces towards Arlathan

-975 Ancient: Tevinter Magisters supposedly used blood magic to sink Arlathan into the ground, ensuring their conquest of the elves. Surviving elves are enslaved.

-715 Ancient: Tevinter begins a campaign to subjugate Alamarri tribes in Ferelden

-620 Ancient: Tevinter establishes Emerius (now known as Kirkwall), across the sea from the Alamarri as a slave trade hub

-395 Ancient: A group of Tevinter magisters enter the Golden City. First Blight begins, led by Archdemon (and Old God) Dumat

-305 Ancient: The Grey Wardens are formed at Weisshaupt

-203 Ancient: Dumat is slain by Grey Wardens, first blight is conquered. Andraste is born.

-180 Ancient: Andraste declares war (the first Exalted March) against the Tevinter Imperium, unifying the barbarian tribes of the South

-171 Ancient: The Imperium's elven slaves, lead by Shartan, join Andraste's fight against Tevinter

-170 Ancient: Andraste dies- Maferath (Andraste's husband) betrays her, allowing her to be captured and put to death by the Tevinter Imperium

-165 Ancient: Maferath grants land (The Dales) to the elves that joined in the war against the Imperium. Those that make it in 'The Long Walk' from Tevinter, found the city of Halamshiral.

-160 Ancient: Hessarian (who had Andraste put to death by fire) converts to the Chant of Light and declares Tevinter an Andrastian nation

1:01 Divine Age: Justinia I made first Divine, Orelesian Chantry is officially established.

1:05 Divine: Second Blight begins, led by Archdemon Zazikel

1:95 Divine: Archdemon slain by Grey Wardens at Starkhaven, second blight ends.

2:10 Glory Age: Orlais declares war (the Exalted March of the Dales) on the elves after years of mounting tensions.

2:20 Glory: Orlais conquers Halamshiral in their Exalted March. Orlais claims the Dales and forbids the worship of elven gods, forcing elves to convert to the Maker and live in alienages within human cities. Those elves that refused and escaped became the nomadic Dalish elves.

3:10 Towers Age: Third Blight begins lead by Toth

3:25 Towers: Archdemon defeated by Grey Wardens at Hunter Fell, third Blight ends

3:87 Towers: Chantry Schism- After years of tension, Orelesian Chantry declares Tevinter as heretics as they refuse to amend the Chant of Light. Valhail I named first Imperial (Black) Divine of Tevinter

5:12 Exalted Age: Fourth Blight begins, lead by Archdemon Andoral

5:24 Exalted: Archdemon slain by Grey Wardens at Ayesleigh, fourth Blight ends

6:30 Steel Age: Qunari first arrive in Thedas in warships, landing in and conquering Par Vollen

6:32 Steel: Qunari ships land en masse in Seheron and northern Rivain, marking the beginning of the Qunari Wars. Seheron and a portions of the Imperium, Rivain and Antiva are conquered in the next 10 years, with efforts to begin attacks on the Free Marches too. Minrathous remains besieged but unconquered.

7:25 Storm Age: The New Exalted Marches are declared by both the Imperium and Orelesian Chantries to retake Seheron and Rivain from the Qunari- three Marches are declared over the next 60 years.

7:84 Storm: The third New Exalted March ends- envoys from all human lands (except Tevinter) and the Qunari meet to sign the Llomerryn Accord, hostilities cease and lands are redistributed. Tevinter refuses to sign, so hostilities between them and the Qunari persist.

8:24 Blessed Age: Orlais orders the Invasion of Ferelden, Denerim is conquered by 8:44 Blessed and Orlais occupies Ferelden until the Dragon Age.

9:00/2 Dragon Age: Ferelden is reclaimed by rebel forces lead by Prince Maric, Loghain Mac Tir and Rowan Guerrin

9:06/7 (?) Dragon: Hawke is born

9:30 Dragon: Fifth Blight begins, lead by Archdemon Urthemiel. The Battle of Ostagar (start of Origins) takes place. The Hawke family flees Lothering for Kirkwall after the battle is unsuccessful.

9:31 Dragon: Archdemon is slain at the Battle of Denerim by Grey Wardens, fifth Blight ends. Events of Awakening take place. Hawke finds the lyrium idol in a deep roads expedition to a pre-first Blight thaig.

9:32 Dragon: Events in Witch Hunt takes place- the Warden confronts Morrigan in front of the eluvian

9:34 Dragon: Hawke is declared Champion of Kirkwall by Knight-Commander Meredith Standard, for repelling a Qunari invasion

9:37 Dragon: Events of Legacy take place- Hawke inadvertently frees Corypheus from his prison. Anders destroys the Kirkwall chantry, sparking the Kirkwall rebellion, and further mage rebellions across Thedas. Hawke flees Kirkwall

9:40 Dragon: Orelesian civil war (AKA War of the Lions) breaks out. College of Enchanters votes to separate from the Chantry. Circles of Magi are dissolved. Solas awakens

9:41 Dragon: Conclave is called at the Temple of Sacred Ashes to bring an end to the Mage-Templar war, disrupted by Corypheus, resulting in the creation of the Breach and the death of the leaders at the conclave, including Divine Justinia (start of Inquisition). The Inquisitor/Herald of Andraste leads the newly reformed Inquisition against Corypheus to seal the Breach. Inquisitor resolves Orelesian civil war.

9:42 Dragon: Events of Jaws of Hakkon and The Descent take place. Inquisitor discovers a living Titan. The Inquisition defeats Corypheus at the Temple of Sacred Ashes and seals the Breach. Divine Victoria is elected.

9:44 Dragon: Events of Trespasser take place- Inquisitor attends the Exalted Council to decide the Inquisition's fate. A Qunari plot to destroy southern Thedas' nobility during the council meeting is foiled by the Inquisition and agents of Fen'harel. The anchor, along with the Inquisitor's left forearm is removed by Solas, who disappears through an eluvian. The Inquisition is disbanded.

9:52 Dragon: The events of Veilguard begin...

[room-surprise]

When does Dungeon Meshi take place?

This is an excerpt from Chapter 2 of my paper, "Real World Cultural and Linguistic Influences in Delicious in Dungeon." Dungeon Meshi takes place in the year 514, however we don’t know how that number relates to anything else in the Dungeon Meshi world, so it isn’t really useful for identifying what era Kui is trying to depict.

It can’t be that the Ancient Cataclysm happened 514 years ago (it was still referred to as ancient history by Thistle and Delgal a thousand years ago), and it can’t be when the current elf queen’s reign began (she’s only 372), so it’s either marking some other major event, like the beginning of the reign of a royal family or the end of a war, or they reset their calendar at regular intervals, such as every two-thousand years for record-keeping purposes.

In the real world, 514 CE would have been the early Medieval era, just after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, which left Europe fractured into many small Germanic kingdoms competing with each other. It was also the beginning of the Asuka period in Japan, and the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty in China.

This has some similarities to the world we’re shown in Dungeon Meshi: the Western elves have abandoned most of their land in the Eastern hemisphere, leaving the local dwarven, gnomish and tall-man people (whose cultures are primarily Germanic) to fight amongst themselves for the land. A massive upheaval caused by a major imperial power collapsing.

However, based on character behavior, culture, clothing and technology, Dungeon Meshi appears to be set in a vaguely Renaissance (1450 CE-1650 CE) time period, with some elements from classical antiquity (800 BCE-500 CE), the Medieval era (476 CE-1300 CE), as well as some hyper-advanced steampunk/magic technology and modern day anachronisms. (Potential spoilers beyond the cut.)

The technological and artistic development of the different cultures is very different, with the long-lived races appearing to live a more modern lifestyle than the short-lived races. In the extra materials, Toshiro implies that Falin might find the Island of Wa “primitive” because they lack the social and technological advancements that come from contact with the long-lived races, and the Western elf Fleki calls the Eastern Continent a “primitive land” while complaining about the quality of life.

Based on this and additional evidence, we can reasonably conclude that the elven lands in the West are probably the most “modern”, followed by the lands in the Eastern hemisphere, with the Eastern Archipelago lagging the furthest behind.

Because of this difference between the races, it makes sense that we see a mix of different eras and styles of technology and clothing. For example, we see characters wearing Neolithic fur garments, Greco-Roman tunics, and Medieval garments as everyday clothes at the same time that other characters wear Renaissance and even 19th century-influenced garments.

Meanwhile, many things in the Dungeon Meshi world have also remained unusually stagnant for far longer than they did in the real world. Realistic oil painting seems to have remained unchanged for more than a thousand years, and Medieval-looking clothing that was worn a thousand years ago is still being worn in the “present” day, virtually unchanged.

There are also some things that are much more advanced than the Renaissance period, like steampunk elevators, and magical communication that works through birds/fairies/crystal balls/telephones and allows for instant contact across the globe… A huge advancement that should impact every element of life and society, thanks to the ability to easily exchange information.

In the real world, instant communication is the foundational element that makes things like precise time-keeping, time-zones, advanced banking, stock markets and news reporting possible… So one can assume that some of these things might possibly exist in some form in the Dungeon Meshi setting.

[claire-starsword]

Shining Force Country Guide Translation - Part 1

It’s finally done. This is enormous and quite technical or redundant at some parts, so I apologize in advance if the translation isn’t flowing well or has more mistakes than usual.

I’ve also skipped a few things. There’s a map of Runefaust’s invasion that pretty much just describes things said in game or other parts of the guide (like, which parts of the continent each boss was responsible for), so I skipped it. There were also checkpoint section just explaining the plot and secret events in game for each town, I will bring up a thing or two from them but otherwise skip it. And lastly, each town had a section describing what’s sold in their shops and tips on what players should buy. Only exception is Shade Abbey which instead had some extra lore I did translate.

All this rambling done, let’s begin.

The Continent of Rune

Let's take a took at the continent of Rune that will be the stage for the adventure, with an overview of its topography and history.

___

Species ratio:

Humans: 45% Centaurs: 25% Elves: 11% Dwarves: 4% Hobbits: 8% Others: 7%

Total population: 26580 inhabitants Average temperature: 26.5°C

___

An explanation of Rune's distinct geographical aspects

As shown by the map above, the continent of Rune is shaped in quite a peculiar way, divided into an eastern and a western part by the ocean. According to ancient history research still in progress, when the previous civilization was still at its peak, the continent's shape was very different from the current one. By Dark Dragon's destructive power, countless peninsula were wiped out, and there's evidence that even tectonic movement was slightly disturbed.

When it comes to topography, many are deeply interested in the differences between the west and east sides. Compared to the west side that has plenty of flat lands, the east side is rugged and mountainous. Those geographical differences reflect in different developments in agriculture, this world's main production. Also, because the west side is less rough, travel and trade between countries is easier. The eastern countries (like Runefaust), who had to dealt with tough life conditions in a harsher environment, might have naturally harbored intentions to conquer the west side, but things aren't so simple as to just put the blame on them.

There’s actually a colored version of this map somewhere else in the guide, hang on

Nice. Moving on.

Chronology of Rune's history:

Year 0 - The previous civilization is destroyed by Dark Dragon; Year 199 - Founding of Guardiana; Year 203 - Founding of Runefaust; Year 399 - Guardiana is raided by Wyverns; Year 501 - An abbey is built in the Shade region; Year 504 - Founding of Bustoke; Year 710 - Founding of Rudo village; Year 797 - A town is built in the mining area of Alterone; Year 798 - Founding of Rindo; Year 838 - Founding of Waral; Year 842 - The Pao Train is completed; Year 894 - Founding of Alterone; Year 999 - Guardiana is attacked by Runefaust (start of the game)

___

Past and Present

Of the remaining historical records in current Rune, almost all are from less than 1000 years in the past. Records of the civilization destroyed by Dark Dragon are practically all lost, with whatever existing ones being guarded by Prompt and Manarina, who continue to decode and study them.

Main events of these past 1000 years are shown in the table to the right. This Rune calendar, using the year of the previous civilization's downfall by Dark Dragon as the starting year, is used by almost all of Rune. Plenty of countries also have their own imperial era system based on their rulers (for example, Year 999 of the Rune calendar in Guardiana is Year 28 of His Majesty Alexis's rule), but treaties and such between countries use the Rune calendar.

In these 1000 years, no big scale conflicts between countries have occurred. This isn't due to an ideal peaceful coexistence, but because each country was busy fighting against frequent assaults by groups of magical beasts and natural disasters. As Dark Dragon's seal is released once more in this adventure, a new age is ushered where the real way of life of the people of Rune is put into question.

From here there are sadly no exact percentages for each country’s species pie chart, so you have to kinda eyeball it from the description and the legend below, and I did not feel like pasting it into every page, sorry

Kingdom of Guardiana

Population: 3000 inhabitants GNP: 3500 gold

Species ratio:

Known as the country of knights, the ratio of centaurs is high. Also, the ratio of elves is lower than that of other countries. Perhaps because they don't prioritize mages and archers as much?

___

What is the full story of the country of wandering knights?

A small country at the very south of West Rune. Around 800 years ago, with the purpose of protecting the Gate of the Ancients, a huge group of immigrants from Prompt, mostly knights, founded the country. During the rule of King Arissort Von Guardiana II, the kingdom was raided by a large group of Wyverns, and many documents were lost in the fire, thus there are no remaining records from before the country's founding.

Their main production is agriculture. The production is concentrated in the fertile delta of the Beaune River (the source of Maar Lake at the southeast of Manarina). Starting from their specialty, the "Guardiana carrot", they produce many diverse agricultural products, and achieved 100% self sufficiency. While still in a small scale, fishing activities have developed in the coast of the Monostone peninsula, so that region is sustained by a mix of agriculture and fishing. Since most of the country's land is plain field, it lacks in mineral resources, and industrial development is very slow. Because of that, it currently does not have goods to export, and thus has not established trading with other countries. One can say that self-sufficient agriculture is the lifeline of Guardiana's economy.

History wise, since it was founded by knights, it is expected that the citizens value the military arts. Having said that, they are not the kind to fight for no reason, and their standards of education are also relatively high. Since they've inherited a peculiar spirit of chivalrous spirit, their culture is permeated by the philosophy of being adept at both literary and martial arts.

The Fighting Tournament held every six months is a grand festival held through the castle and the town areas, where knights and townsfolk compete in the arts of their choice. It's the most remarkable expression of Guardiana's culture.

-Following the road to the west, there's the Gate of the Ancients and the mountain cabin. The road extending to the southwest connects to Guardiana's only allied country, Alterone. Guardiana's castle and town blend together into a castle town. Alterone also followed the same model.

-The bustling town is usually peaceful. Because of that, selling weapons isn't a great business there, and it seems the shop owner has decided to retire. Guardiana's only inn, the Guardiana Hotel, has been in a slump day after day. Not many tourists are coming.

The roads' directions in that pic caption do seem switched up, don't they?

To my knowledge the kings of Guardiana aren't named anywhere else so the romanization of their names is my own. Alexis however is a pretty normal name so I'm confident on it. Arissort however... yeah.

Same for location names as well. Beaune is apparently the name of a french city named after Belenos, a god of flowing water, so I guess it makes sense as a name for a river. Maar is a broad, shallow volcanic crater, so it made the most sense as romanization for the lake name as well.

The Guardiana tournament has already been mentioned in Hans' bio. It and Guardiana's carrots are also mentioned by Arthur in the GBA remake. In fact, all of Arthur's dialogue there is based on this country guide, which will be very convenient for me as I don't want to romanize even more names myself, thanks Arthur. Sadly he only comments trivia up to Waral though.

[bones4918]

So I’ve made a few massive changes to the calendar of my timeline, the holidays and festival weeks are now listed separately like they are in most official material, thanks to a very helpful person on twitter. I’m currently working on a Dark Times era calendar, but due to holiday changes in that period, I still need to work out the imperial calendar. Hope you enjoy if you take a look! Updates and continuity notes are at the beginning alongside a much more detailed calendar!

My combined Canon/Legends Clone Wars timeline has seen a few updates since I initially posted it, the events of Brotherhood has been redated and the events Clone Wars: Secret Missions books have been added too. I’ve added several events from the early Dark Times too, so I thought I’d make a post to help people know that it’s changed beyond just what I write on the timeline itself

[themildestofwriters]

Imperial Calendar (Ziost Standard)

Fantasy Calendar version here.

Because I desperately need a calendar for The Saga of Zero (the WIP fanfiction reboot formerly known as The Sith, Zero), I made my own. Two, actually. One for the Sith Empire (circa. 10 ATC Star Wars: The Old Republic) and for the Holy Kingdoms of Halkeginia (3159 AG The Familiar of Zero). This post will be focused on the Imperial Calendar.

There are 322 days a Common Year, broken down into 10 months of 4 weeks and 32 days with a pair of intercalary days at the end of the 5th and 10th month. Every sixth year is a leap year, adding a single day at the end of the year.

MONTHS

1. Ahmurnjat, "Month of the Supreme One" 2. Bašarayjat, "Month of Bashara" 3. Marsarjat, "Month of the [Great] Mother" 4. Tukatjat, "Month of the Hound" 5. Ašayjat, "Month of Victory" - Qyâtak I, "Day of Life" 6. Kâlbjat, "Middle Month" 7. Nwûljat, "Month of Peace" 8. Tyfojat, "Month of Typho[jem]" 9. Kegimjat, "Month of the [Bleak] Aegis [of Calamity]" 10. Sahlayjat, "Month of the [Red] Lady" - Rânaqorit I & II (L), "Year's End"

I'm not going to lie, but a lot of these month names came from both @fluffynexu and @inquisitorhotpants, both of whom have done a ton of worldbuilding for the Sith Empire.

Qyâtak I and Rânaqorit I are the intercalary days, with Rânaqorit II being the leap day appearing every sixth year.

DAYS

Istak "First [day]" Dišak "Second [day]" Benak "Third [day]" Limûk "Fourth [day]" Kamsak "Fifth [day]" Asûk "Sixth [day]" Qabbrut "[Day of] Meditation" Gawnut "[Day of] Preparation"

Unlike the months, the days are purely my own construction. I'm not pleased with the names. I'm fine with the "first, second, third... day," but conlanging is really, really hard, y'all. If y'all got better names, feel free to share because I'm strugglin'.

YEAR

The year is 1526, Reign of the Immortal, by the Reckoning of Ziost. It has been 11 years since the Treaty of Coruscant.

Like in @inquisitorhotpans's calendar, year one marks the foundation of the Sith Empire under Emperor Vitiate. However, one detail I added was Eras. Canonically, the period of time when King Adas ruled was known as the "Reign of the Axe." So, I took that idea and went with it. The Empire divides their history into various eras based off the current state of society.

How many eras are there? I have no idea. But considering there's 27,510 years since Adas... that's a lot of time and therefore there should be many eras listed.

Eras I've created myself are:

Wars of the Sith'ari, began with the collapse of the Ancient Sith Empire (Adas' kingdom), with everyone declaring themselves successor to King Adas and promptly spending the couple centuries to millennia fighting one another.

Reign of the Thirteen, began with the establishment of the Thirteen Kingdoms of the Sith which served as the forerunner of the twelve and one council system used by the later Sith Empires.

Reign of Graj'uš, began with the establishment of the Grajuš dynasty (Graush in canon, but Sith linguistics are not consistent) who united the Sith once again, either for the first time since King Adas, or the nth. Notable figures are the infamous Dathka who was assassinated for being a dick, and Hakagram, last King of the Sith, whose death marked the beginning of the...

Reign of Subjugation, which followed the dynasty of the Jedi Exiles, which was cut short by the Sith rebellion, which led to the...

Reign of the Jen'ari, which followed the dynasty of Dark Lords of the Sith from Tulak Hord to Marka Ragnos and the rest.

Considering the Sith'ari Wars, Graj'uš dynasty, and Jen'ari dynasty lasted at least a millennium each, there's a case for upwards of twenty eras to figure out and play around with.

[fatehbaz]

coming in 2021:

and the editor, Mucher, has a reputation (text from a 2018 panel):

Christen Mucher, panelist, is Assistant Professor of American Studies at Smith College, where she teaches courses on early North America, Native and Indigenous history, US empire, and museum studies. Her essay on the archive of the transatlantic slave trade was recently published in Warring for America: Cultural Contests in the Era of 1812 (UNC 2017) and her co-translation of Haiti’s first novel, Stella (1859), was published by NYU Press in 2015. She is currently completing a book manuscript titled Before American History: Archives, Antiquities, and Native Pasts.

at a March 2018 conference, she presented this:

“Aztec calendars, Mexican time, and US Imperialism”

Abstract: In the late 1840s, an account of “Mexican time” from 1790s New Spain began circulating in US periodicals thanks to the eminent ethnologist Albert Gallatin. Disconnected from its original colonial context, the so-called “Aztec Calendar” or “Mexican Almanac” was identified as “perpetual,” its supposedly imprecise, antiquated temporal mode marking a strong contrast to the precision of the railroad age. Christen Mucher argues that in the era of the US-Mexico War and continental land struggles, US nationalists’ interest in modes of Indigenous timekeeping, especially those that were demonstrably cyclical or “perpetual,” appeared to lend a providential dimension to US imperialism. Indeed, in the mid-nineteenth century, US nationalists not infrequently looked to Indigenous modes of timekeeping to think through the changing “frontier” of American history, not just its territory. This paper examines this so-called “Mexican almanac” to argue that nationalists’ use of Indigenous timekeeping helped them negotiate the temporal and historiographic dimensions of continental expansion.

-------

i don’t know what the new book’s table of contents looks like, but in June 2018, there was a conference at Universitat Rostock which seems to be the inception of the book. the conference was titled: Decolonizing “Prehistory”: Deep Time and Topological Knowledge in the Americas.

here are some of the presentations from that conference:

[littleeyesofpallas]

Osore -Reiwa Kaidan-[怖れ -令和怪談-]: Horror -Reiwa*(era) GhostStories-

*The Reiwa era is the current Japanese imperial calendar era; it started in May 2019

[foxgirlintestines]

Weird MtG trivia? Time for me to shine. For those curious (please answer it first before looking):

Epic mechanic (Don't talk to me or my Never-Ending Torment prison deck ever again)

Harness Infinity (We have Praetor's Council at home)

Aeon Engine (there is also an Un card that does this but doesn't have the correct wording. Honestly was thinking of the un card and was surprised there is one in black border)

The correct answer. There are cards that refer to your opponents losing the game, but there are no conditional effects based on this.

The Millennium Calendar (only knew this because it's pretty new and was memed on)

Lich (The original effect from Alpha that has spawned many other effects to exchange your life total for another metric to determine if you are alive. Lich + Mirror Universe was a silly jank deck once)

Pain's Reward (people have tried to make this card work in Legacy storm shells, but it's just awful)

The Foretold Soldier and Etherial Valkyrie (I only remembered it being a pun from the Doctor Who set but turns out there is a second card with this text too)

Imperial Mask (We had to make due before Leyline of Sanctity was printed in places where Solitary Confinement was not legal. I have never seen this card actually make tokens)

Opposition Agent (There are many opponent controlling effects but only this one controls all opponents instead of controlling target player/opponent)

Disciple of Caelus Nin (for some reason WotC really wanted phasing to be a thing again)

Hogaak (This card is so infamous that TCGPlayer advertised that they would give everyone a bigger store credit back discount if it was banned on the first banlist announcement since it was printed. Without surprise, the Arisen Necropolis was put to rest instantly after terrorizing Modern and becoming one of the poster children of WotC's current era of wild power creep in card design alongside Oko and Uro) btw, if you want proof of that last one, I saved their promotion page for the sale:

Weird Magic: the Gathering effects: Second edition

A couple months back, I ran a poll where people guessed which of a bunch of weird MTG effects wasn't real. It was fun, so we're running it back with a second batch of weird things.

As last time, only the current text of effects is used, not necessarily the one printed on the card. Limited to cards that exist in paper, and are legal to play in at least some tournament formats. Though this time, I did expand a bit to rules that aren't directly on the cards, but might be part of the full rules text of keywords from the comprehensive rules, and then those keywords are on cards.

Have fun!

[aion-rsa]

The Mandalorian Season 3 Predictions: What to Expect

https://ift.tt/3oq0JL3

This Star Wars: The Mandalorian article contains spoilers.

After eight exciting episodes of adventures all over the galaxy far, far away, The Mandalorian season 2 has come to an end. A daring rescue mission brings Mando, Bo-Katan, and the rest of their crew face to face with the evil Moff Gideon, who has worked all season to capture Grogu for nefarious purposes. What ensues is a battle to the death that includes lots of stormtroopers, killer dark troopers, and even a clash of blades. But even after that fight was over, no one could have seen the finale’s massive cameo coming.

Luke Skywalker swoops in on his trusty X-wing to save the day, just as the heroes are cornered by a platoon of dark troopers on the bridge of Gideon’s cruiser. Like a true Jedi Master, Luke easily fights his way through the Imperial combat droids, slicing his way to the bridge with his green-bladed lightsaber, putting an end to Gideon’s forces once and for all.

Stream your Star Wars favorites right here!

But Luke’s arrival on the show is bittersweet as it also means Mando’s time with Grogu has come to an end. With Luke taking Grogu away to train the little Jedi, you might be wondering where this leaves things for The Mandalorian season 3? What’s next for Mando and his friends, and when might we see Grogu next?

Here are some of the things you should expect from season 3:

The Liberation of Mandalore

It’s pretty clear by the end of season 2 where Mando, Bo-Katan, and Koska Reeves are headed next. Now that they’ve taken control of the Imperial cruiser and an arsenal of weapons, reacquired the Darksaber, and captured Gideon, the heroes seem to have everything they need to finally liberate Mandalore from the Empire.

It wouldn’t be surprising if the Mandalorian homeworld were the very first stop of season 3, as the stage seems set for a pretty large battle worthy of a season premiere. And we know Mando is along for the ride since he promised in the season 2 finale that he’d fight for Bo-Katan’s cause in exchange for her help rescuing Grogu.

In fact, Mando’s participation in the liberation of Mandalore seems mandatory at this point since he’s technically the rightful wielder of the Darksaber…

Darksaber Drama

…which makes him the new Mand’alor, the leader of the entire Mandalorian race. And as a cackling Gideon explains in the season 2 finale, the blade can only be won in battle, which means Bo-Katan will have to fight Mando for the Darksaber if she hopes to rule Mandalore once again. As reluctant as Mando is to keep the weapon, offering it to Bo-Katan several times, she can’t just take it, apparently.

These Darksaber rules of succession are a bit of a retcon since Bo-Katan first acquired the weapon when Sabine Wren awarded it to her on Star Wars Rebels. They didn’t actually fight for it, and she seemed fine with that then. But I guess Mando simply handing Bo-Katan the Darksaber isn’t quite as dramatic for a high-profile Disney+ series.

How this Darksaber drama might be resolved is anyone’s guess, but judging from the way Bo-Katan coolly stares at Mando as he holds the blade in the finale, it’s unlikely that she’ll move on from getting the weapon back. Does this mean Mando and Bo-Katan are going to become enemies in season 3?

One thing that does seem clear is that season 3 won’t see Mando ascend the throne of an entire planet. Not only does Mando have zero interest in keeping the Darksaber but the show’s structure wouldn’t really allow for this kind of story development anyway. The Mandalorian has found a lot of success by stringing together largely standalone episodes that see the protagonist hop from place to place, completing bounties and helping other characters he meets along the way. Making Mando ruler of Mandalore, and therefore stranding him on the planet for most of the season, seems like an unnecessary shift in storytelling.

Where’s Grogu?

Although The Mandalorian season 2 seemed to conclude Grogu’s story on the show, it’s unlikely Disney will bench the show’s most beloved character for very long. Even if he doesn’t appear alongside Mando throughout season 3, we could get at least one episode that continues the little Jedi’s story and shows where Luke and Grogu went after their meeting on the Imperial cruiser.

While the first few episodes of season 3 could focus on the liberation of Mandalore and the direct aftermath of Bo-Katan’s mission, the show could give Mando a reason to go searching for Grogu once again, picking up Luke’s trail and following it around the galaxy. It’s also possible that Luke could bring Grogu back to the bounty hunter if the little Jedi decided that he wanted to be with Mando instead.

More Thrawn Hints

One of the great things about The Mandalorian is the show’s ability to do quite a lot of world-building while telling an intimate story with just a few characters at the same time. While following Mando and Grogu’s adventures, we’ve learned more about the Imperial remnant, the power vaccuum left in the wake of Jabba’s death on Tatootine, the movement to take back Mandalore, Jedi lore on Tython, the state of the New Republic, and more.

“The Jedi” also gave us a big hint as to where the Disney+ Star Wars universe might be headed: the return of Grand Admiral Thrawn. We learn in arguably the show’s best episode so far that Ahsoka Tano is searching for Thrawn, and that after defeating the Magistrate, she’s one step closer to finding him.

The mere mention of Thrawn’s name likely sent fans of ’90s Star Wars novels into a frenzy, especially those who still hold dear Timothy Zahn’s Heir to the Empire, the book that introduced the Imperial villain and kicked off a new era of storytelling in the galaxy far, far away set after Return of the Jedi. Since The Mandalorian takes place during the same era as Heir to the Empire did in the no-longer-canon Legends continuity, many fans have speculated that “The Jedi” was the start of a rebooted version of the classic Thrawn saga.

Disney also recently announced two other live-action shows set in the time period of The Mandalorian, Rangers of the New Republic and Ahsoka, which will lead into a big event on Disney+. With Ahsoka’s clear ties to Thrawn and The Mandalorian establishing the Imperial remnant, the Grand Admiral’s story could continue to develop on the original Star Wars live-action series before he finally makes his arrival in Ahsoka or that big event.

Read more

TV

Star Wars Movie and TV Release Date Calendar

By John Saavedra

Books

Star Wars The High Republic: Light of the Jedi Review

By Megan Crouse

Rangers of the New Republic

Speaking of “The Jedi,” the episode was also the jumping off point for Ahsoka’s very own live-action series, serving as a backdoor pilot that re-introduced the character for general audiences as well as teased out her motivations and future adventures. The Mandalorian season 3 could do the same for Rangers of the New Republic, an upcoming live-action series we currently no nothing about besides the fact that it takes place at the same time as Mando’s adventures and that it has a cool title.

Perhaps Mando runs into the Rangers while on another mission in the Outer Rim? One theory suggests it’ll be a new group of New Republic lawmen led by Cara Dune. We’ll just have to wait and see.

Sabine Wren?

We speculated during the final weeks of season 2 that Rebels protagonist Ezra Bridger could be the Jedi who would find Grogu in the finale. There was some evidence to support this theory. Not only had many other characters from the animated series appeared on The Mandalorian by that point but Ahsoka’s very own storyline on the show was tied to finding Thrawn, who went missing with Ezra at the end of Rebels. It made narrative sense for Ezra to appear on the show as a surprise character who would save the day.

But it wasn’t Ezra who showed up on Gideon’s cruiser to take Grogu away. And now that an Ahsoka series has been announced, it’s more likely that the character will make his debut on that show.

That doesn’t mean one of the other Rebels characters yet to appear on The Mandalorian couldn’t make her debut in season 3. We’re of course talking about Mandalorian warrior and former Rebel operative Sabine Wren, who not only has ties to Ahsoka but also to the Darksaber and Bo-Katan. She fought on Mandalore the last time Bo-Katan and her fellow Mandalorians fought to free the planet from the Imperial puppet government. It would make sense for Sabine to join this new mission to liberate Mandalore and protect the Darksaber.

Crossover Episode with Boba Fett

Disney seems very interested in creating a cohesive shared universe of live-action Star Wars series. Ahsoka really kicked off on The Mandalorian and so did The Book of Boba Fett, the series that will premiere this December ahead of season 3. And what better way to keep that shared universe going than to have crossover episodes between shows? Since Boba Fett has already appeared quite prominently on The Mandalorian, there’s no reason he couldn’t return for an episode on the original Star Wars live-action series.

Another Cobb Vanth Adventure

Timothy Olyphant’s Tatooine marshal was an overnight hit, which makes him a good candidate to become a recurring character on the show. With so much of the show taking place on the legendary desert planet already, it wouldn’t be surprising for Mando to make another stop next season to see what Cobb Vanth is up to. Maybe Freetown is in trouble again and Cobb needs Mando’s help to protect it. Or perhaps Mando recruits Cobb for his crew of gunslingers. Either way is fine as long as we get more Olyphant.

The Mandalorian season 3 goes into production this year and will air after The Book of Boba Fett.

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[shadowbringcr]

A VERY DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF YOUR MUSE.  

NAME.  Lycelle Astarinn

NICKNAME(S). Most prefer to use Ly.

ALIAS(ES).  [takes a deep breath and reads off a list]  The Warrior of Light/Darkness, Blessed by Hydaelyn, Slayer of Primals/Eikons, Bane of the Imperial Legions, Eorzea's Champion, Savior of Ishgard, Rider of Dragons, Khagan of the Azim Steppes, Liberator of Ala Mhigo and Doma, Scion of the Seventh Dawn, Stealer of Pants. Azem.

AGE.  Currently Thirty One!

SPECIES. Wildwood Elezen

PRONOUNS. she/they.

ORIENTATION.  Bisexual.

ZODIAC.   Based on the Eorzean calendar, Azeyma. Gregorian calendar conversions would put her under Virgo.

MORAL ALIGNMENT.   Chaotic Good

ABILITIES / POWERS.  Granted the Blessing of Light as well as The Echo, and a prodigious mage besides. In Isola she is job locked to Dark Knight so she can’t flex as much but her talent can be seen in how she wields darkness. Can carry around a giant sword like it’s nothing, and it’s pretty impressive. 

INTERESTS.  Traveling and trying out different kinds of foods. Stargazing and gardening. Is interested in alchemy and magic systems in general. 

FEARS. Helplessness - having no control or power over her situation. Losing friends and loved ones again. Not knowing the whole truth and the consequences of it.

GUILTY PLEASURES.  loves a good fight - spars and fighting monsters are some of her favorite ways to cool off. closeted in her unrelenting thirst for power.

SPOKEN LANGUAGES.   Is fluent in Eorzean/Common Tongue and the Allagan dialect. Is currently trying to learn Dragonspeak. Regardless, her Echo allows her to transcend words and communicate freely without language barriers.

PROFESSION.   Most known as an adventurer and Scion, Lycelle’s other occupation is that of a Third Astral Era archaeologist with a focus on aetherology (term pending...? koji fox i need your help)

BODY TYPE.  Really damn tall, even amongst Elezen. Her build used to be skinny, but has toned muscles thanks to adventuring experience.

HEIGHT.  6'6.8"

COLORS.   Purples and reds are her go-tos. Black and white as well, considering how they go well with anything.

DRINKS. A tea person, but will try out anything. Is extremely wary of drinks offered by strangers - she carries a reagent that could detect harmful substances in them at all times.

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES?  Loves them. But again, will not drink anything that she isn’t sure of its preparation.

SMOKES?  Not interested.

DRIVERS LICENSE?  So about this really super cool thing Cid just had me pilot -

EVER BEEN ARRESTED? They can try.

[datasoong47]

So, Japan, for certain formal purposes, uses what's called the nengo or era name system to number years. In its modern form, this corresponds to imperial reigns (before the Meiji restoration it worked differently). The current year is the fifth year of the present Emperor's reign, his reign being given the name Reiwa, so that the year is called Reiwa 5. Since Meiji, the era name has also doubled as a posthumous name, thus the current Emperor, after his death, will be known as the Reiwa Emperor

This isn't the only system used for numbering years in Japan. For most purposes, the Gregorian calendar is in use, so in most places you'll see the year given as 2023. As far as I know, the era system is mostly only used on government documents, for the mint year on coins, and things like that

There's also an older system called the Imperial Year which dates back to the legendary enthronement of Emperor Jimmu, the first Emperor of Japan according to the traditional chronology (considered mythical by most modern historians) in 660 BC, making the present year 2683, but it's not really used much today. Wikipedia says it's still used in Shinto contexts, but not elsewhere. It was in wider use before the end of WWII, though

What year is it in different countries of the world?

by alex_map_geography

[faroreswinds]

3H DLC Book 5: Mysteries of the Calendar, Vol. 2

With the new update, there is some new stuff to dig in here that I very much want to look over. You can find the books here: https://imgur.com/a/IbluWTg

Since there are a lot of them, I’m just going to split them up into different posts and take my time shifting through them.

Summary- Contents

This particular book is about the past, most notably the old calendar way, which is basically just our calendar in real life. I guess this makes sense, as Foldan was once a technologically advanced world very similar to our own, with skyscrapers and dangerous weapons of war. I would hazard a guess that old, advanced Foldan was basically our world, just with magical origins. 

Regardless, the book is about the shift of the old calendar way to the new one the game presents. The old way was “months” and the new way is “moons”, although they basically serve the exact same function and only the naming function has changed. The prior way of naming (January, February, etc.) are lost, but they are aware that they were shortened to numbers such as 1 and 2. 

It goes on to state that this old method existed for an immeasurable amount of time, that they do not know when it started other than it can be traced back to the era of the gods, and that it simply brings up more questions. 

The old way was changed by Emperor Wilhelm when he founded the Adrestian Empire, abandoning the old calendar for the Imperial one. It would have caused a lot of unrest and confusion at the time, so the book proposes that may have been two reasons for the change. 

The Influence of the Church of Seiros

As the change to “moons” was meant to reflect the teachings of Seiros, as the moons are associated with the saints and tenets, it is likely that Wilhelm wanted to help legitimize the Church and help spread the beliefs.

If true, this mean that that since its inception, the Empire has had close ties with the Church of Seiros. 

It is also postulated that the goddess herself wished for the change to occur as voiced through Saint Seiros, and Wilhelm was simply implementing this change.  

Asserting Authority

Since the flow of time is important, creating a new method to track it is akin to claiming dominion over time itself. As such, the Empire took its newfound influence after its founding, and retroactively proclaimed its founding as Year 1. Amid the founding of Foldan, this move would have bolstered the Empire’s authority and heralded the start of a new era. 

Legitimacy of Document

As per Linhardt’s declaration that some of the documents may be fake or forgeries, it’s a good idea to question the legitimacy of all. It’s better to question what is real, and what isn’t, even if in the end it’s only guesses.

This document is pretty interesting, and if real somewhat telling. I can’t say we gleam a whole lot of new info we couldn’t have simply guessed from general critical thinking, but it’s nonetheless worth looking into. 

Firstly, what this tells us is that the “old way” is basically what the real world uses. As I mentioned before, this matches with ancient Foldan being a somewhat reflection of our real world now (just with the added touch of magic and real gods and dragons). “Months” were changed to “moons”, but the system basically works the same. The Empire simply added a theological meaning to each month, and a new name, as well as restarting the years to 1. Sort of like how we have BE and AD, in a way (just without Jesus). Perhaps it would be closer to compare it to the traditional Japanese calendar years, where they track the years based on the current Emperor and what how many years he has been in power. For example, in 2019, it was the Heisei Era year 63. When the emperor stepped down, the new emperor proclaimed the new period as Reiwa Year 1. 

What is particularly interesting is that, according to this document, it would seem historians tried to retrace the origins of this old calendar way. They were able to trace it back to the “era of the gods” and it simply created more questions. What these questions are, we don’t know. What this era means, we also don’t know. However, as per my look at the Slither document, it may be possible that the era of the gods refers to the time when Foldan was once modern. Unfortunately, this is purely speculation. All we know is, is that it was in use for a very long time, all the way up to when Wilhelm founded the Empire over 1000 years ago. 

This brings another thing to mind. If the calendar did indeed last since the time when the Slithers were still on the surface, than means the calendar system lasted through the destruction of the world and through the war between Sothis and the Slithers. This offers two explanations as to why this system survived:

Sothis and the Nabateans re-implemented the system so that the humans on the newly formed Foldan could keep track of time. 

Some humans survived on the surface through the war, and carried on the legacy of the old ways the best they could.

Both cases are possible, although we know that that the Nabateans did not reintroduce technology to the humans after Foldan was restored (and therefore may not have re-introduced the time system). The second scenario is quite likely, however, as Rhea herself implies that some may humans survived the Sothis war (unless she just means that the only survivors where the ones that went underground).

It is also possible that the “era of the gods” refers to when Sothis “restarted Foldan”, and the old system is actually not older than her war with the Slithers.

Regardless, the next part is very interesting: the reasons why Wilhelm implemented the new system. According to the game, the Empire was founded on the 1st of the Great Tree Moon (which is the equivalent of April). This is particularly interesting because in Japan, April 1st has an importance, as it marks the beginning of the government's fiscal year. It is also the date when Reiwa Year 1 began (calling back to the Japanese system of time keeping I mentioned before). 

In the lore of the game, the Great Tree Moon is the beginning of the new year and spring; people pray to realize their potential. 

Anyways, since the book is of a more recent print, the writers and historians involved have no clue as to why Wilhelm implemented a new time keeping system when it would have caused confusion and unrest during a time that was already difficult. However, they propose two possible theories:

Wilhelm did as the goddess desired, or did it to bolster the credibility of the Church and spread the beliefs

Wilhelm wanted to bolster the Empire’s new rule and secure authority. 

Both of these are valid theories, although they suggest different things. For former implies that Rhea used Wilhelm to validate her Church and basically enforce some soft power and influence over Foldan. Another possible conclusion we can draw is that Wilhelm wanted to help legitimize Rhea’s religion because they were allies working together to change the social-political climate of the continent, or maybe even help her establish a means to protect the dark truth from humans, as well as any surviving Nabateans. 

The latter theory suggests that it was actually Wilhelm who used the Church’s influence to bolster his own power, to solidify his new era and dominance over the people of Foldan. 

It is important to remember that the author of these books is unsure, and that these are simply theories. However, I would summarize that the truth is a little bit of both. Wilhelm and Rhea were allies, although how much Wilhelm knew of Rhea’s history is unclear. He probably wanted to solidify his power, and Rhea wanted to establish her Church. By changing the calendar system, they were able to accomplish both goals. 

Either way, it would be unfair to say that one theory is more true than the other when we lack any evidence to back such a claim up.

Now, how legitimate is this book? Well, it’s certainly not suspicious. It’s not terribly incriminating for any particular side, and reads pretty objectively. It lacks Seteth’s signature, so it is unlikely that it was removed from the library, but that doesn’t mean it’s not real. It would also go hand in hand with how past Foldan seems similar to the real world. 

Ultimately, the most important thing we can gleam from this document is that Wilhelm and possibly Rhea changed the calendar, but beyond that doesn’t really contextualize history that deeply. I would say this document has a high chance of being pretty legit overall.

If there anything else anyone would like to add, please feel free to share!

[dear-winnie]

The Japanese calendar

Japanese versus Gregorian calendar

せいりき - Gregorian, Western calendar

ねんごう - Imperial calendar

The Japanese calendar is based on the number of years the current emperor has been on the throne

The current era is れいわ（令和）, and this year is 2令和

The previous era, and the one most common when talking about the past, is へいせい（平成）

To calculate the 平成 year, +12 to the せいりき year

1997 + 12 = 2009 = 9平成

To calculate しょうわ（昭和） year, -25 from せいりき year

1980 - 25 = 1955 = 55昭和

Of course, you must know when 昭和 and 平成 ends to know how to figure out the year

The Japanese imperial calendar is used on resumes, drivers’ licenses, and other official documents

[yesthatsatumbler]

With the additions, I've technically already counted 11 calendars in use on current coinage:

Christian/Anno Domini/Common Era (most of the world)

Lunar Hijra (many Islamic countries)

Solar Hijra (Iran, Afghanistan)

Hebrew/Anno Mundi (Israel)

Buddhist era (Thailand)

Vikram Samvat (Nepal)

Ge'ez calendar (Ethiopia)

Republic of China calendar (Taiwan)

Juche era (North Korea)

imperial regnal years (Japan)

papal regnal years (Vatican City)

Admittedly I'm cheating a little in this list because the North Korean calendar is only used concurrently with the AD years [so that a coin would say something like "97 (2008)"], and the Vatican regnal years are not only that but also limited to non-circulating commemoratives (though AFAICT consistently used on those). All the others, however, are the only calendar on (most) coins of at least one modern country. (And I might well still have missed a few, but I'm failing to think of specific cases.) There are a bunch of other calendars still actively used (mostly in religious contexts) that didn't make it to coinage.

But yes, they're spreading a lot and taking over one another. (Indeed some of this spreading had occurred after WW2.) Historically there used to be a lot more variety within the individual calendars, too (especially in the Byzantine branch of the Anno Mundi calendar, where about half a dozen different variant eras were in active use in the Middle Ages). Even more historically (particularly in antiquity) there's a lot of city-specific calendars, where coins of a particular city would be dated in an era local to that city! (And probably not just coins, but there aren't exactly a lot of dated non-coin objects surviving from that time...) I think a few of those still hadn't been definitively attributed to specific AD dates yet.

(Fun fact: the Ge'ez calendar is counting from the same mythological event as the Anno Domini calendar! But they used a different calculation for the date, so they're eight years off. AFAIK modern estimates suggest that actually Anno Domini is six years off from the most probable actual date of the event in question, and that correspondingly the Ge'ez calendar is fourteen years off. Mythological dating can be like that sometimes.)

...I had also apparently misremembered the history of the Saka era; its use on coinage had apparently ceased just over two hundred years ago, but it continued in non-coinage use and was actually briefly adopted as the national calendar of India after independence.

It only happens rarely but I'm always slightly annoyed at sci-fi stories that are like "oh we don't know what year it is anymore"

Bullshit. Humans love calendars, and there's nothing special about the gregorian xalendar's epoch. Just make a new one.

At least in The Matrix I think we can interpret the canon as there being a new calendar, Morpheus just never bothers telling it to Neo because "years since the founding of Zion" would be meaningless to him. He just says we don't know the gregorian date.

But Transmetropolitan has no excuse. There's no year and no one has come up with a replacement epoch.