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[anticonspiracist]

an ask from the larrie anon

[in reference to this ask and response]

Hi,

Thank you for answering my questions in a serious way. I would like to continue this dialogue for a bit, but I will stay on anon… feels more safe to me.

Due to the length of your ask, I’ve decided to publish it here in pieces to respond more coherently. There’s also a bit at the end that you asked me not to mention so I have edited that bit of your post and noted where the edit is.

A little background info, so you can understand who you’re talking to. I’m a 40 year old woman from the Netherlands. I’m quite fluent in English, but there might be some mistakes here and there, so don’t see those as a lack of intelligence. I’m a mom [edited] and I work in marketing. I have a bachelor’s degree in English literature with minors in sociology, psychology and journalism; I consider myself as intelligent, emphatic, and openminded, but I understand this might mean nothing to you as anyone could say that about themselves.

Some more background info about myself, so you can better understand where I come from: I’m a mid-30s, single, bisexual woman. My college degree is in political science and classical studies – Latin was my concentration. I’m currently enrolled in a graduate program in political psychology. My interest is in the conspiracy mindset and its role in American politics. I have read a couple of studies that investigated the conspiracy mindset overseas, including in Germany. From this limited dataset, it doesn’t appear that the conspiracy mindset in America differs greatly from those in other countries, but until there’s more robust investigation we can���t say that conclusively. Oh also, in my day job I teach emergent bilingual students. My students range from very little English to near-native speakers.

 I became a Larrie during one of the first lockdowns in my country (no conspiracist ideas about the pandemic btw😉 ) a lot of free time drove me to TikTok (which I’ve left since then)

During lockdown for me, I started watching a few different series on streaming platforms and turned to an old hobby, crocheting. Since March 2020 I’ve made like 10 blankets. Now I’ve moved onto quilting! Also now that highly effective N95s are widely available and I have the means to purchase them, I am active in local politics. 

 and I came across videos of Harry. I thought him funny. Knowing TikToks algorithm, I came across more and more Harry videos, which led to 1d, which led to Larry. And that’s basically how it started. I searched through all kinds of info, from larries and anti’s. I think it’s important to mention that ‘I don’t want to believe this is true.’ Although a lot of Larries describe this as the biggest love story on earth, to me it is a story of hardship and oppression of teenage boys. 

I understand that TikTok can be a disorienting experience due to the absence of a clock and that videos placed in front of you have no timestamp, so I’m going to take a moment to remind you that Louis will be 31 years old in December, and Harry will be 29 in February. They are not teenage boys. They’re millennials, just like you and I. 

I’d much rather they didn’t have to go through all that (although I do believe Harry and Louis love each other very much). From what I’ve gathered, I just believe that sadly they did have to endure all that.

Your writing later on directly contradicts this statement, that you’d rather they didn’t have to go through all of what you imagine. In fact, there is overwhelming evidence that they did not go through what larries claim they did and do suffer. Larries so easily dismiss all of this because it doesn’t make them feel good like the imagined oppression does. By viewing these men as needing your help, it gives you a purpose. During the initial lockdowns, so many people throughout the world turned to the comforting thought of a conspiracy theory which had all the answers. You aren’t alone in this phenomenon and it is a well-documented one. 

Now, I am not one of those “ooh, blue and green” larries. To me it’s about a combination of these things:

1. Do I believe the music industry is capable of doing this? Yes, absolutely. While the article added by your friend shows it has been possible for nsync to win against their label, that does not suffice for me to believe 1d would also be able to do so. For one, Nsync’s case was ten years before 1d even existed. Plenty of time for labels to adjust their contracts to prevent this from happening again. Secondly, there is so much evidence from ex-Xfactor contestants pointing to their contracts being unfair, harsh and just impossible to get out of (Rebecca Ferguson, just stated that contracts go on for 20 years for instance. Rebecca Fergusson, Cher Loyd, Jedward and others have all spoken up about the unfairness… are those people all to be ignored? Liam has talked about their treatment, Harry himself has recently talked about impropriety clauses and how it affected him. So yes, I believe something was very wrong during 1d and I think their label and management is to blame.

Louis and Harry have been out of One Direction for longer than the band existed, at this point. Like I mentioned previously, both of them have hired their own management teams. Both of them are in charge of their careers. Both of them are white multimillionaires. When Harry mentioned that clause, please don’t forget the context:

Styles said he often spent interviews terrified about saying the wrong thing until he stopped to question what abhorrent belief or bizarre opinion he was scared he'd accidentally reveal and realized he couldn't think of anything. He thought about how, when good things happened—say, a No. 1 album—he wouldn't feel happy, just relieved. And he thought about the cleanliness clauses in the contracts he used to sign, which would dictate that they would be null and void if he did anything supposedly unsavory, and about how terrified that used to make him. And about when he signed his solo contract and learned that the ability to make music would not be affected by personal transgressions, he burst into tears, a reaction he still seemed shocked by, retelling it to me now, years later. "I felt free," he explained. https://www.bhg.com/better-homes-and-garden-magazine/harry-styles/

The music industry is fucked! That’s not in dispute. But is it so fucked that Harry Styles at the age of 28 is still being treated the same as he was at age 16? By the same people? He’s not bound by the same contract, even. Regardless of what Rebecca Ferguson has said about her dealings with X-Factor, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson are not in her shoes. Rebecca deserves people to care about her situation and want to help her because she has gone through it, not because they believe Harry and Louis are in the same situation today. They are demonstrably not.

2. Do I think Harry and Louis are queer? Well, I’m a Larrie… so obviously I think they are. I don’t know whether they are gay, bisexual or anything else on the queer spectrum, but that also doesn’t matter imo. Even if you take Larry out of the equation, I would still believe they are queer. For Harry, what convinced me are his slip-ups. During 1d interviews he would often answer with ‘they, a person who’ when asked about romantic interests, but he would sometimes slip up with ‘he’. Could that be deliberate? Sure, it just didn’t look deliberate to me and I trust my own judgement in that. For Louis, I see no real chemistry between him and the women he was with. I also see him sing a song like “Only the Brave” and it only makes sense to me if he were queer. The way he encourages fans bringing rainbow flags. Could he just be an ally or queerbaiting? I think he would be hugely overshooting the cause if that were the case. Every show he’s looking at a huge portion of his fandom not wondering if he’s gay, but actually believing he’s gay. I believe he is a kind man and would not play with fandom’s feelings that much, nor would he allow the feelings of his loved ones be hurt over and over again (and there would be things he could do to make me think otherwise).

What you didn’t address from my initial response was that if what you believe were to be true, your behavior as a larrie is harmful to Harry and Louis. Your open speculation about their sexualities is harmful. Would you do this to a friend? I had a student about five years ago who was openly gay in my classroom. He came to class one day heated. I asked him what was wrong and he said, “ugh, freshman.” He then related how he’d been walking down the hallway and heard these freshmen girls behind him wondering out loud if he was gay, clearly not intending him to hear, but he did. “I turned around and said, ‘Yes! But you could just ask me, not whisper behind my back!’” That is just what you do when you speculate about people’s sexualities, especially when they have told you in no uncertain terms that they don’t appreciate that speculation. You say you aren’t a “blue green” larrie, but you do prioritize the “signals” that larries claim these men send over the words they actually say. You claim to be able to tell “chemistry” by viewing photos of two people, but that is absurd. To condemn a relationship as false because you see only what you want to see in a limited selection of photographs (larries do not, as a rule, view all photos in a paparazzi series) is, frankly, absurd. As I mentioned before, Louis has said he’s straight. He has spoken often about his love for his girlfriend, and his love for his son. Until and unless he says something else, it is harmful to deny his words. Not because Louis is going to see your blog, but because you have other people viewing your blog and seeing how you ignore what he says, so why would you listen to them? As a teacher, it’s important for me to create a classroom space where students like the one I mentioned can feel safe coming out to me. Part of that is accepting whatever it is that they tell me about themselves. Their perception of their sexuality or gender identity can change drastically over the time period I know them, and if a student comes out to me as gay, it’s possible in two years they come out to me as trans. Ignoring their words is simply not acceptable. When you do that as a so-called fan, you are merely telling your followers that people’s words and truths don’t matter as much as how you feel about the matter. 

3. Do I think Larry have been/are together? Yes. I read your comment about being a teacher and having seen a lot of boys act this way. I have three younger brothers, have always had more guy-friends than girl-friends and, although I recognize there can be a certain playfulness/closeness between especially teens, I have never seen boys caress each other as tenderly as Louis and Harry have been seen doing in moments they didn’t think others would see. It’s the closeness of lovers to me, not of best friends. But,.. up to how you interpret things I guess. I tend to lean towards them being together since the beginning, because I’ve seen no evidence of things having changed.. but, I always try to leave room for the universe being a dick, so I’d say I’m about 90 percent sure they still are together now.

You haven’t seen boys caress each other like you think you’ve seen Harry and Louis do so? Cool. I have! So, what’s the truth?? Regardless, consider how much of the “evidence” that you’ve seen is in gifs, which are always divorced of context and in many cases, are slowed down and/or reversed. Plenty of people who were larries and who have decided that had erred recount feeling duped when they realized just how much of the evidence they’d been shown had been manipulated.

Furthermore, Louis has a long-time girlfriend and a six-year-old son and Harry has a long-term girlfriend and has spoken about how happy he is. That is evidence that what you believe to be true is actually not. You cannot just dismiss out of hand everything that these men say because it doesn’t fit with the conclusion you began with.

Feel free to ask me stuff by the way, happy to have my believes tested.

I am aware of confirmation bias and that is one of the reasons of me contacting you. To really discover the truth you have to consider the opposite as well. I do wonder however if you are aware of your own confirmation bias. You stated that you were already interested in conspiracy theories before entering fandom and the article that lured you in had the exact term ‘conspiracy’ to trigger you in it’s title. Is it possible you too only see things confirming your believes? Have you actually gone through all the information Larries provide? Have you tried seeing the other side as I am now?

I have, actually, gone through every bit of so-called evidence that larries have provided. Every scrap of it has been debunked. My first 20 days in fandom I had a larrie trying to recruit me. She was unsuccessful.

What you’ve named a confirmation bias in my regard is actually not that at all – it’s a bias toward reality, and what can be proven. You and other larries claim that somehow, Harry and Louis are contracted to do these things against their will, but have no evidence of that, cannot name who else is party to these contracts, and also cannot explain how, if Harry and Louis don’t want to be in this situation, they can’t just … breach the contract and wait to be sued by … whoever. It’s at this point in the conversation that the larrie without fail said I’m ignorant, homophobic, et cetera.

You say closeting doesn’t happen the way we think, with paid beards. How do you know though? It’s possible there are many other examples we just don’t know about. What specifically lead me to believe it is possible, is Louis Theroux’s doc “When Louis Theroux met… Max Clifford”. Specifically the part where Louis asks Max what he would do if someone were gay. The answer being that he would create a long relationship. Create… does not seem like he would ask a friend of the gay person to act as a beard to me. Max Clifford being closely connected to Simon Cowell and having worked with 1d in the beginning cements this for me. I absolutely think they would employ someone to beard. I don’t think Holivia is that way though. Harry and Olivia both gain from this arrangement in other ways.

How do I know? How do you know there are bearding contracts? What I do know is that every example that larries bring up of bearding does not coincide with their beliefs about how Harry and Louis are allegedly closeted. Larrie evidence for their existence is simply because you want it to exist because it explains why both of these men have women in their lives, look happy, and speak about them. Whatever you think is real doesn’t matter. You say it is happening with no evidence whatsoever except for your feelings. You have the burden of proof here, and you haven’t proven anything.

One last thing I want to address is your evidence of how closeted people in bands behaved. How they were mostly scared to come out and never told anyone even. I understand your point. I also understand how unfair it has been to Lance Bass. I personally never bring up Lance Bass, I try to look at situations as a part of a whole, but also separate from everything else. I think though that Harry and Louis’s situation differs from those others because there were two of them in the same band. Had it only been one of them, maybe they would’ve also stayed silent., but being a pair changes the dynamic. They were stronger as a pair, they were together so much and if the person you love is right in front of you.. you don’t just stay silent.

Cool. Louis had a girlfriend during X-Factor, Hannah, and then after Hannah began dating Eleanor. Louis is a serial monogamist. What you’re writing about is fan fiction. And I’ve got nothing against fic! I love fic. However, don’t conflate fictional stories on the internet with reality.

I don’t think I fit the mould of a conspiracy theorist, but which ct does? The way I see myself considering this situation is: I saw something wrong in 1d/Larry. I am very concerned for those men. I admire them a lot. Would it break my heart if it were not real, no. Do I think it is real, yes.

What you saw were TikTok videos about a band that broke up in December 2015 created by conspiracy theorists. When the pandemic began, I mentioned to @back-to-louis that we were going to see a surge in conspiracy theorists of all kinds due to the mass trauma being felt across the world. There was a surge of larries just like there was a surge of anti-vaxxers and QAnon believers. No one is naturally immune from falling down the rabbit hole, but some people are more susceptible to it than others. I was already extremely online prior to March 2020 and am able to suss out good sources from bad. I also had healthy hobbies to fill the extra time I found on my hands. Though I live alone, because so many of my friends were actually internet friends, I wasn’t missing out on in-person social activities like others were. And outside of these considerations, through being a teacher and informal research on the subject, I had already inoculated myself against conspiratorial thinking. I can recognize the hallmarks of a CT easily and I don’t fool myself into thinking that any of them are harmless.

Not sure if I covered everything, but I am out of time right now. Looking forward to having you and your friends dissect me 😉… 

You haven’t covered everything. You completely ignored the antisemitism present in your conspiratorial beliefs and have nothing to say about who could possibly be forcing all of this oppression on these white multimillionaires.

[rosareversa]

John Singer Sargent Nonchaloir (Repose) (1911) Oil on canvas, 63.8 x 76.2 cm National Gallery of Art, Washington

Highlights from around the web 💫

✨ John Singer Sargent was an American expatriate artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian-era luxury. He created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as countless sketches and charcoal drawings. His oeuvre documents worldwide travel, from Venice to the Tyrol, Corfu, the Middle East, Montana, Maine, and Florida. [1]

✨ Although based in Paris, Sargent's parents moved regularly with the seasons to the sea and the mountain resorts in France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. His mother was convinced that traveling around Europe, and visiting museums and churches, would give young Sargent a satisfactory education. Early on, she gave him sketchbooks and encouraged drawing excursions. Although his education was far from complete, Sargent grew up to be a highly literate and cosmopolitan young man, accomplished in art, music, and literature. He was also fluent in English, French, Italian, and German. [2]

✨ Sargent was a lifelong bachelor with a wide circle of friends including both men and women such as Oscar Wilde (whom he was neighbors with for several years), lesbian author Violet Paget, and his likely lover Albert de Belleroche, whom he met in 1882 and traveled with frequently. A surviving drawing speculatively may hint that Sargent might have used Belleroche as a model for Madame X, his most infamous work. Recent scholarship has speculated that Sargent was a homosexual man, based on statements by his friends and associations, the way his works challenge 19th-century notions of gender difference, and some nude male portraits, including that of Belleroche, which hung in his Chelsea dining room. One client wrote that when in Venice, Sargent "was only interested in the Venetian gondoliers" while another said that his sex life "was notorious in Paris, and in Venice, positively scandalous." [3]

✨ After securing a commission, Sargent would visit the client's home to see where the painting was to hang. He would often review a client's wardrobe to pick suitable attire. He usually required eight to ten sittings from his clients, although he would try to capture the face in one sitting. He usually kept up pleasant conversation and sometimes he would take a break and play the piano for his sitter. Finally, he would select an appropriate frame. In 1907, at the age of fifty-one, Sargent officially closed his studio. Relieved, he stated, "Painting a portrait would be quite amusing if one were not forced to talk while working…What a nuisance having to entertain the sitter and to look happy when one feels wretched." [4]

✨ Despite his success as one of the most sought–after portraitists of the late Victorian era, Sargent eventually became exasperated by the whim and vanities of prominent sitters. By 1909 he had abandoned conventional portraiture in order to "experiment with more imaginary fields." The woman in Repose is Sargent's niece, Rose-Marie Ormond. In keeping with his newfound preference for informal figure studies, Sargent did not create a traditional portrait; rather, he depicted Rose–Marie as a languid, anonymous figure absorbed in poetic reverie. The reclining woman, casually posed in an atmosphere of elegiac calm and consummate luxury, seems the epitome of nonchalance—the painting's original title. Sargent seems to have been documenting the end of an era, for the lingering aura of fin–de–siècle gentility and elegant indulgence conveyed in Repose would soon be shattered by massive political and social upheaval in the early 20th century. [5]

Thanks for reading this far. I hope you found this glimpse into Sargent’s life and artistic practice as interesting as I did! If you’re feeling inspired feel free to shop the merch links below. Pro tip: the t-shirt in XL makes a great night gown if you want to channel your inner Rose-Marie! 😴

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[lichenaday]

I swear someone recently asked how I got into this field but now I don’t remember if it was a message or a reply or a what and I can’t find it so here it is for all to read: my life story. Summed up as quickly as possible. 

I have always wanted to be a zoologist. I mean always as in, since I was 6. Sometimes I also wanted to be Steve Irwin, but with a zoology degree. So the nearest I could get to that was getting my bachelor’s in wildlife and environmental conservation. At the time I wanted to study wolves or deer or snow leopards, or basically anything charismatic. But because sexism (long story) I was directed toward bird research. I worked with snowy plovers and piping plovers and least terns and invasive plants and a few other things, all through various depts of the U.S. govt. And while I loved the work, I got tired of moving around all the time, and became more interested in the public outreach side of things since I have always been an attention seeking know-it-all. I got a job as an educator at an aquarium, but burned out on that because teaching people--many of whom prefer willful ignorance over taking any responsibility to human impacts on nature--is hard. And my partner at the time wanted to go back to school, so I was like sure, I’ll try that. I liked the idea of being an academic because they are people who are hyper-enthusiastic about like, THEIR thing, and get to focus their whole life on it, and get to study it and talk about it and teach about it and go to conferences about it and write about it. Just the most attention-seeking know-it-alls of all, with fewer people who can talk down to them.

We moved to Germany because they had programs that suited each of us, and in Europe, they don’t make you go into extreme debt to get a master’s degree. Weird right? So anyway, I was planning to continue working with birds, but, well, some stuff went down. Another long story involving me getting bitten by a venomous snake and looking like an idiot in front of the entire behavioral ecology department. During that time I took a lichenology class and loved it, and so I took it again, and again, and again, and the lichenology professor was impressed by my enthusiasm, so offered me a master’s thesis project working with birds AND lichens and my entire life was made. To get up to snuff on lichenology stuff like I already was with birds, I started this blog, which also gave me an outlet for my attention-seeking-know-it-all-ness.

 So like, do I have advice? Not really. Try different things, talk to people who do work you are interested in, be enthusiastic, be passionate, and anyone can do it. I had the worst grades in my class, multiple mental illnesses and health problems, and am just an over-all dingus and I am still living my dream so if I can do it, so can you! 

Feel free to ask any more clarifying questions and I can try to get more specific. 

[coochiequeens]

I get that there are legit concerns about the way American preschool programs are run these days. But I hate the title because these articles often became fuel for attacking working mothers. By people who didn’t read the article.

If there was ever a time to attend seriously to research concerning effects of early childhood education, this is it. If President Biden’s plan for universal state-run preschool for 3- and 4-year-olds is approved, the results could be disastrous. I have previously summarized several well-controlled studies showing that academic training in preschool or in kindergarten, while improving test scores in the short term, causes long-term harm (here). One of those, which bears reviewing here before I move on to the recent study in Tennessee, was a government-sponsored study conducted in Germany in the 1970s (described by Darling-Hammond & Snyder, 1992).

The German government was trying to decide whether it would be a good idea, or not, to start teaching academic skills in kindergarten rather than maintain kindergarten as purely a place for play, stories, singing, and the like, as it had always been before. So, they conducted a controlled experiment involving 100 kindergarten classrooms. They introduced some academic training into 50 of them and not into the other 50.

The graduates of academic kindergartens performed better on academic tests in first grade than the others, but the difference subsequently faded, and by fourth grade they were performing worse than the others on every measure in the study. Specifically, they scored more poorly on tests of reading and arithmetic and were less well-adjusted socially and emotionally than the controls.

The Germans, unlike we Americans, paid attention to the science. They followed the data and abandoned plans for academic training in kindergarten. They have stuck with that decision ever since. For one parent’s comparison of German kindergartens to US kindergartens, see here. Today we have much more evidence of long-term harm of early academic training than the Germans had in the 1970s, yet we persist in such training in almost every public kindergarten in the country. Worse, we now even teach academics in many if not most preschools! As a people, we are pretty good at putting our heads in the sand to avoid looking at data that run counter to our prejudices.

Now I turn to newly reported findings from the first well-controlled long-term study that has ever been conducted of a state-wide publicly supported preschool program in the United States—the Tennessee Pre-K Program (Durkin et al., 2022). If this study doesn’t put the nail in the coffin of academic training to little children, it’s hard to imagine what will.

Description of the Tennessee Pre-K Program

The purpose of the program was to provide free, “high quality” preschool for children whose family income was below the poverty level. Great effort went into designing the program. Unlike in many other pre-K programs, the teachers would all have at least a bachelor’s degree plus early childhood certification and would be paid on a par with elementary school teachers and have the same benefits. The National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) evaluated the curriculum early on and judged it to be among the best.

Based on the prejudice that early academic training would give the children a boost for their subsequent schooling, the program was heavy on academics. The researchers who studied it describe it as follows (Durkin et al., 2022): “The program provides a minimum of 5.5 hours of instructional time per day, five days per week. Classes have a maximum of 20 students and are taught by state-licensed teachers using one of 22 curricula approved by the Tennessee Department of Education.” (I can’t help but insert here that this may have looked good to the NIEER, but to me it looks like torture. Five and a half hours of instruction per day for 4-year-olds! I hope the term "instructional time" is being used here loosely and does not mean, literally, that instruction was occurring all that time.)

How Researchers at Vanderbilt University Studied the Program

The long-term study of the program was conducted by researchers at Vanderbilt University, including Kelley Durkin, Mark Lipsey, Dale Farran, and Sarah Wiesen, who were all authors of the recent report. For purposes of the study, they focused only on those preschool centers where more families who met the poverty criterion wanted to enroll their child than could be accommodated. In those areas, a random procedure was used to determine which children could enroll and which could not. Those who, by what was essentially a flip of the coin, could not enroll constituted the control group. So, this was a randomized controlled experiment—the queen of methodologies.

All the children in the study had to be 4 years old by September 30 of the preschool year. In addition, to be part of the experimental group, those chosen for the program had to follow up by enrolling and then going on to a public elementary school in Tennessee. In all, nearly 3,000 children met these criteria and provided the samples used for data analysis. The procedure was a bit more complicated than I am describing here, but what I want to emphasize is that this is a very well-controlled study of large samples of children. The data for the study came from assessments made at various times in the children’s school career, from kindergarten through sixth grade.

What the Researchers Found: Pre-K Worsened Academic Performance and Comportment in Later Grades

The results from following the children through third grade were reported in a previous article (Lipsey et al, 2018), which I summarized in a previous post. In brief, the Pre-K group performed better than the control group on all academic measures at the beginning of kindergarten, but the control group soon caught up and, by third grade, the control group performed better on all academic measures than the pre-K group. Moreover, by third grade those in the pre-K group were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with a learning disorder and had a higher rate of school rule violations than those in the control group.

The new report reveals that the advantages to the control group were even greater in sixth grade than in third grade. Here is a summary of the sixth-grade findings:

• On all the achievement tests—which were in reading, math, and science—the control group scored higher than the pre-K group. The differences in means were small to moderate in size, but in every case the advantage to the control group was highly significant statistically and the differences were all larger in sixth grade than they had been in third grade.

By 6th grade, 14.6% of the children in the pre-K group, compared to 8.4% in the control group, had been diagnosed as having a learning disorder sufficient to require an IEP (Individualized Education Program). Stated differently, those in the pre-K group were 74% more likely to have been diagnosed with a learning disorder than those in the control group. (Parenthetically, I note that the researchers also used a different way of analyzing the results, in which the observed percentages were weighted to account for differences in the demographic profiles of those in the experiment and those in the full state-wide program. When this was done, the difference was even greater: The pre-K graduates were a bit more than twice as likely to have been diagnosed as learning disordered compared to the controls.) • By 6th grade, 27.3% of the pre-K group, compared to 18.5% of the controls, had a record of at least one school rule violation. Moreover, 16.1% of the pre-K group, compared to 10.9% of controls, had a record of at least one major offense (such as fighting or bringing a weapon to school). Stated differently, by both indices, those in the pre-K group were 48% more likely to have committed a behavioral offense at school than those in the control group. What Could Explain the Harmful Effects of the Pre-K Program?So, the major findings of the study are that this expensive, carefully planned pre-K program caused, by 6th grade, reduced performance on all academic achievement tests, a sharp increase in learning disorders, and much more rule violation and behavioral offenses than occurred in the control group. It is worth noting that, according to the best estimates available to the researchers, 63% of those in the control group were cared for just at home prior to kindergarten, 13% attended Head Start, 16% enrolled in a private childcare center, 5% had a combination of Head Start and private childcare, and 3% were unaccounted for. It would be interesting to know how those cared for just at home compared to those in Head Start and private daycare in the outcome measures, but those data are not available. Remember, these were all families living below the poverty line, the very families that, according to common prejudices, are least equipped to provide a good learning environment for children. The most striking finding in the study, to me, is the large increase in diagnosed learning disorders in the pre-K group. It seems possible that this increase is the central finding, though the authors of the report don’t make that claim. Previously I've discussed evidence that learning disorders can be produced by early academic pressure (here) and evidence that being labeled with a learning disorder can, through various means, become a self-fulfilling prophesy and result in poorer academic performance than would have occurred without the diagnosis (here). It would be interesting to know if the deficit in achievement test scores was entirely the result of poor performance by those diagnosed with a learning disorder. A related possibility is that the early academic training resulted in shallow learning of the skills, sufficient to pass the pre-K and kindergarten tests but which interfered with subsequent deeper learning (an idea I discussed here). That could account for the finding that the deficit produced by pre-K grew over the years. As years go on, success on tests may depend increasingly on real understanding, so anything that blocks such understanding might show up more in later grades than earlier ones. Another possibility is that the pre-K academic grind and pressure caused children to develop a hatred and rebellious attitude toward school. This might account for the increased rule-breaking and offensive behavior of the pre-K group as they went through elementary school. The same rebelliousness might also have caused the children to take their lessons less seriously, which could, over the years, result in an ever-greater gap between them and the controls in test scores. Still another possibility is that the deficit shown by the pre-K

group was caused not so much by what was done in pre-K as by what did not happen there. Four-year-olds need lots of time to play, create, socialize, take initiative, figure things out on their own, and learn to manage themselves. The time spent in academic training is time that they cannot spend on learning the much more important skills that come from self-directed activities. Perhaps the pre-K children were less prepared for school, especially the later grades of school, because they had not had the usual opportunities to learn how to manage themselves before starting school. This suggestion is consistent with previous research showing better long-term outcomes for play-based preschools and kindergartens than for those that have an academic component (here). I suspect that all these hypotheses have some validity. I’m curious to know what your guesses might be about the cause or causes of the long-term harm of pre-K. Regardless of the mechanism, it is now abundantly clear that we should stop even thinking about teaching academics to tots. We should finally make the decision that the Germans made half a century ago and stop formal academic training for children below age 6. Some children, on their own, become skilled at reading or with numbers well before 6, but that’s because it was their own decision to do so and they did so largely through their own efforts (here). There is a huge difference between self-chosen learning and that which is forced.

---------And now, what do you think about this? … This blog is, in part, a forum for discussion. Your questions, thoughts, stories, and opinions are treated respectfully by me and other readers, regardless of the degree to which we agree or disagree. Psychology Today no longer accepts comments on this site, but you can comment by going to my Facebook profile, where you will see a link to this post. If you don't see this post at the top of my timeline, just put the title of the post into the search option (click on the three-dot icon at the top of the timeline and then on the search icon that appears in the menu) and it will come up. By following me on Facebook you can comment on all of my posts and see others' comments. The discussion is often very interesting.

References Darling-Hammond, L, & J. Snyder. 1992. “Curriculum studies and the traditions of inquiry: the scientific tradition.” Edited by Philip W Jackson. Handbook of Research on Curriculum. MacMillan. pp. 41-78. Durkin, K., Lipsey, M. W., Farran, D. C., & Wiesen, S. E. (2022, January 10). Effects of a statewide pre-kindergarten program on children’s achievement and behavior through sixth grade. Developmental Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001301 Lipsey, M. W., Farran, D. C. & Durkin, K. (2018). Effects of the Tennessee prekindergarten program on children’s achievement and behavior through third grade. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 45, 155-176.

[abroadstudyexperts]

What Is Cost Of Studying For Indian Students In Germany?

Germany would undoubtedly rank at the top of any list of the most popular study locations in the world. Over time, the country has established itself as a hub for Indian students, providing unique possibilities to study and get a cultural experience.

Most German universities have made it to the top of international rankings. The globally recognized study programs, part-time employment opportunities, affordable tuition, and living costs attract a large number of Indian students. To begin, let us discuss the study cost in Germany for Indian students and the study visa.

Cost Of Studying For Indian Students In Germany

Overseas students can study for free at German public universities. They must, however, pay an enrollment, administration, and confirmation fee per semester. This varies depending on whether the university is private or public, as well as the course chosen.

It should be noted that only public colleges provide free education. Fluency in German is one of their entry requirements.

Tuition fees at private institutions vary depending on the course you desire to pursue. However, tuition fees in German institutions are often on the lower end of the scale. They are reasonable compared to other countries such as Canada, the United States, and Australia.

Study Program                                       Average Tuition Fees in €

Undergraduate  Bachelor Degree          €500 -€20,000  yearly

Postgraduate  Master’s Degree              €5,000 – €30,000 yearly

 Intakes In Germany

The application dates for universities in Germany vary. However, if you want to study in Germany, these two general periods are often applicable:

Intake 1: Summer Semester – The semester runs from March to August. Every year, the application must be submitted by January 15th.

Intake 2: Winter Semester – The semester runs from September to February or October to March. Every year, the application must be filed by July 15th.

Germany Study Visa Types And Basic Requirements

The German student visa is of three types.

·       German Student Visa: This visa for overseas students who have been accepted into a full-time study program at a German university.

·       German Student Applicant Visa: This visa is required in order to apply in person for a university course, but can't be used to study in Germany.

·       German Language Course Visa: This visa is required if you intend to study German in Germany.

Basic Visa Requirements To Study In Germany

·       Completed and signed visa application form

·       Valid passport

·       Two photocopies of your passport

·       Your birth certificate of birth

·       Your recent passport-size photos

·       Proof of financial resources

For more inquiries, contact our Abroad education consultants by ringing at +91 8595338595 or mail us at web@studyabroadexpert.com.

.

[mypoisonedvine]

Hey! As a German, I just felt compelled to reach out! First of all, in regards to the commas, I can't figure them out for the life of me either, (and I'm a native speaker who actually just finished her bachelor's degree in the study of that language, so there's that ...) What I mean to say is: Please don't feel bad about struggling with those little shits!

Also, to that Person who thinks about moving to Germany and is struggling with the language. I thought I may add some additional resources (underneath the cut, because this got quite lengthy.)

App-wise apart from Duolingo, there's another App I personally quite enjoy called Babbel (I use it to learn Swedish, but I'm sure the German version is alright too.) The only downside is, that it is quite pricy. However, there are often some coupon codes you can hunt down and those will get a you a couple of month for free.

Now, because they said that they don't really like apps, there are some other free online resources that I could think of.

Die Deutsche Welle (a well know German news broadcaster) has a some free online courses, which you can find here: https://learngerman.dw.com/en/overview

There's also an institute, called Goethe Institut, with a lot of resources about both living in Germany and learning German.

The free German lessons and courses are linked here (but you need to sign up to access them): https://www.goethe.de/prj/dfd/en/home.cfm

And some of their resources about moving and living in Germany are linked here: https://www.goethe.de/prj/mwd/en/index.html

(I really hope those links work!)

Now, apart from the things you've already mentioned, there is one more thing I would like to add, which is: Movies (and Series). In Germany it is actually quite common that most international movies and series get a dub, rather than just subtitles (meaning that you can actually watch most English movies in the German language, because they get a professional German voice over). I obviously don't think you can learn German just from that, but you do get a bit more of a feeling for the language and it's intonation. You can also watch some German series or movies, but I'm not sure how accessible those are, apart from maybe some popular ones, like Dark or Babylon Berlin.

Lastly, to that anon, if you need any help in learning German, or have any other questions in regards to that language or moving here, feel free to reach out! I am more than happy to help if I can.

oh my gosh thank you so so much for all this amazing information!! I'm glad you agree the commas are sorta crazy lol I don't feel quite as dumb for not getting them anymore!

I've heard good things about babbel, I also would recommend beelinguapp which allows you to read news articles in both your native language and the language you're learning! I also agree about watching movies/series in german, for me I like to start with productions in english that I know well, and put on a german dub AND subtitles so I can hear and see the german but I know what they're saying because I'm familiar with the content. (I did this with tfatws for example, and daniel's performance in german is excellent but the german voice for sam is even more iconic tbh he killed it.) then I can try to turn off subs after a while and just follow with voice, then maybe someday I'll be able to actually transition to productions made in german and watch them without subtitles, but I've had mixed success with that. (I watched one of daniel's movies with the original german audio but the subs in spanish, that was sort of a brain overload but it mostly worked lol)

this is great information you're a lifesaver omg thank you!!

[ratherbefangirling]

Still doing the ship game?

If yes please ship me with someone.

My name is Lisa. I'm from Germany and currently studying to become a teacher. I already have a bachelor's degree in social work, where I specialised in working with mentally ill people.

To me, it is very important to take care of the people around me, I'm ready to give my all in order to make sure everyone is alright. I tend to overdo it to the point where I'm not taking care of myself. I'm telling you this, because my goal for this year is to treat myself better and take better care of myself 😊

My hobbies are dancing and listening to music. I literally listen to music every free second of my day. I just love it. I also like to spend time with my friends.

I'm also 164cm tall and 24 (almost 25) years old if that's any help (also a Scorpio 🤔)

I hope I didn't drown you in unnecessary information (bad habit of mine, I tend to just talk and talk and ... Well 😅)

Thank you. Have a nice day/evening/... Time 😊

Love, Lisa 💜

Hi Lisa (@limiworld )

You didn't drown me in unnecessary information at all. I hope you have a good day and I hope you like this ship.

The person I ship you with is Jin

Jin stood at the podium to congratulate kid's and their parents for graduation. You couldn't believe a year had passed since you started working. You loved your job. It had always been your dream to help those you could. It was fate you found Jin your best friend whose ideals align with yours. Both of you were passionate about your job. Even though Jin was the son of the owner he was the most hardworking among the teachers.

While the other teachers remained wary you had decided to not let his background affect your behaviour. You found him a funny and charming gentleman.

"Good Job." You tell him when the day is over.

"Ah my lovely Lisa. You did good too."

You blushed. Did I mention he had fun flustering you.

"It's nice to help people but don't you ever find it tiring." You ask curious.

"Of course we are human too but more than that it's out of selfishness I'm like this. I feel happy when I make people laugh."

"Even me." You ask no reason at all.

"Especially you." He says and blows you a hand kiss. "Now we need to sort diplomas of people who couldn't come today let's go."

You recover from your shock.

"Yah Kim Seokjin." You say faux disgust.

He only laughs and you can't help but smile at his antics.

[chronicles-of-a-student]

Endings, and new beginnings.

 I haven’t posted in a long time on here but I have the feeling I will soon be back. 

The last months were intense and I needed me to be fully with myself, my family, loved ones, hence my absence.

I am taking part in an Erasmus, moved countries and am finishing my Bachelor in a new city. Also, I moved into a new flat with 4 adorable interesting beautiful other students.

These last months have brought me to my edges. 

As my Exchange in Canada was cancelled due to Covid-19, I have been proposed to study in a little town in Germany instead. With the Summer term starting only this week, I thus had two months of free time.

It was the end of the First term for me, which ended with an exhausted sushi roll of blankets but a satisfied one. I got above the average I wished to attain and felt filled of insights and ideas about Anthropology, Ethnology, Gender Studies and Experiments I would like to bring to existence. 

While I was trying to reset and regenerate from a (too?) intense Term, the health condition of my dad got more and more worrying. He had been diagnosed with Blood Cancer more than one year and a half ago. My dad was also one of my closest friend. On the 3rd of March he passed away after months of giving all his most positive energy to everyone around him. Shortly before leaving us, while still conscious he still made his nurse laugh with jokes, putting a smile on her face like he did with so many others. He still wanted to paint 2m/3m paintings and live life fully and I think the hardest thing is to be powerless in front of my best friend losing his life when he was such an example of generosity, positivity and aliveness, even through the most challenging times. 

I am giving myself time for grieving and becoming familiar with this new state of being. Unless death is encountered I don’t think it’s a place where many of us like to dwell. Simultaneously, this encounter also makes me reflect more intimately on every form of death, grief that can be experienced through life. Death really is tied to life. There is a paradoxical state in Grieving, a feeling of being more alive while in contact with emotions of loss that are inevitable. 

Classes are starting this week and I will soon go back to post more regularly on how everything is going from studying in three languages, settling to a new country/city in these times, self-care and reflections. 

Hope this finds you well, may you be healthy, safe and loved ! xx

[human-hetalia-imagines]

☆ Rules & Information ☆

This is a blog dedicated to doing imagines surrounding my original human au. Here’s a description for each character's place in the au and rules for requests — I’ll be adding more characters as I get more comfortable writing for them.

*I did change the names of some characters so that they would reflect the countries they come from

*Also: this shit long, so strap in and get ready

☆Rules for Imagines☆

I’ll do imagines, or a bullet point list of up to 6 characters at one time, or a written scenario for up to 3 characters

I’ll also do nyos and genderbends of each character (ngl, I simp after nyo!America), their placement in the au won't change.

I include South Italy and Prussia in the axis, and Canada in the Allies

I’ll write fluff, smut, angst, and everything in between

I absolutely won’t write: incest, explicit sexual assault or excessive gore

The only time I will do romantic/sexual imagines for the characters who canonically have the physical appearance of people under 18 is if you explicitly state that you want them aged up, or if the reader is also underage. If you request adult x minor, I will discard your ask & invert your rib cage.

☆Rules for Matchups☆ 

Before submitting, check if they’re open or not, they won’t always be due to not wanting my page cluttered with them

When requesting, include personality, interests, dislikes, any pets you have, fun facts about yourself, and possibly clothing style

Don’t bother to include physical features as those will not be taken into account when pairing you up with someone

Include whether you want the matchup to be romantic, platonic, or one of each

☆Character Au Placements☆

North America

America | Alfred Jones, age 19

A young man that's cheerful and strong, with a strong sense of justice. He often can't read situations and has a habit of ruining the mood, whatever mood that may be. While he’s usually labeled as “incompetent”, he’s attending college (or university, depending where you’re from) to obtain a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering. He plays as the pitcher on his college’s baseball team, able to throw a devastating fastball. He lives in a two bedroom apartment with his twin brother, Matthew. He had a crush on Amelia Earhart when he was younger, and it’s something that Matthew teases him about on a weekly basis. 

Canada | Matthew Williams, age 19

On the surface, he's an easygoing, softhearted and gentle young man, around his twin brother and close friends, however, he can be quite sassy, nearly bordering on rude on occasion. He's in his first year of college for a degree in statistics. For the college, he plays as the Center on the hockey team, where he lets out steam on his opponents. He has a pure white rag-doll cat named Kumajirou that follows him around his and Alfred's apartment. He curses regularly in french. 

United Kingdom 

England | Arthur Kirkland, age 23

He's either a quick-witted, sarcastic and stubborn man, or the paragon of a perfect gentleman. He enjoys reading, writing (although he doesn’t show anyone his stories), and embroidering. He’s gotten so skillful at it, that he has a well-traversed Etsy shop. He’s currently in his last year of getting his Postsecondary Education degree and a minor in linguistics. When he was a teenager, he was a delinquent, going to loud concerts, fighting, dyeing his hair wild colors, and smoking. While he says he’s over it, he still keeps various CDs of OK Go and The Rolling Stones, as well as band t-shirts. It’s something that his 3 older brothers refuse to let go of.

Baltic

Estonia | Eduard von Bock, Age 19

He's a graduated honors student who has avoided many problems with wit. Usually in front of people he acts calm, logical, and businessman-like, but in private he’s actually pretty chill, albeit a bit quiet. He’s awesome with technology, and works part-time at his college as an IT advisor while he studies to get his Quality Control & Safety Technologies degree.

Latvia | Raivis Galante, age 15

He’s a boy who has been through quite a bit, making him an introvert, easily intimidated, and kind of a crybaby. He’s in his first year of high school, but due to him having an anxiety disorder, he does it digitally. The only problem is that he strives to have friends who are close to him and care for him unconditionally. He secretly likes to read cutesy romance novels from the young adult section.

Lithuania | Toris Laurinaitis, age 19

He's a patient, shy, and gentle person who has the ability to become pretty serious when he needs to be. He works as a librarian assistant while he decides between a degree in social work or education. He, unfortunately, usually over-thinks his decisions too much, causing him to have anxiety attacks. When he’s not working, he’s typically just dragged around by his close friend, Feliks, but he has a good time nonetheless.

Nordic

Denmark | Mathias Køhler, age, 19

He’s a genuine sweetheart who often accidentally always yells. While he is kind, he’s also a bit thick-headed, although he always has the best of intentions. He considers himself to be very close to his friends, especially to Lukas, although the other man’s opinion on the matter is about the opposite. He attends college for a master’s degree in, surprisingly enough, Business Administration. When he isn’t studying, he enjoys clinging to his friends and drinking. He has the habit of playing online video games with Alfred and Gilbert for way too long at a given time. He also gets oddly competitive over his degree with Tino. 

Finland | Tino Väinämöinen, Aged 20

He's a gentle, cheery young man with a tendency to like the more simplistic things in life. He seems very mature, yet can be childlike. He loves relaxing in saunas, especially with his close friends. He has a small Maltese pup named Hanatamago who attends dog shows. When he’s not attending dog shows, he does online college for a masters in Medical Assisting. 

Iceland | Emil Steilsson, age 17

He’s a mysterious boy with a cool exterior and a hot interior, being a bit easy to provoke with teasing. His older half-brother often insists that he was ‘born in his emo phase’. He taught his pet puffin (geniously named Mr. Puffin) a lot of profanity in Icelandic, Norwegian, and English. He attends high school, which he is absolutely over. On a side note, even though Lukas is his half-brother, he often refuses to have any connection to him whatsoever in public. 

Norway | Lukas Bondevik , age 18

He is, like his half-brother, very introverted. However, he is considerably more cold to strangers, but to his close friends, he can (sometimes) be very sweet. He just recently finished highschool, but intends on going straight into college for an Applied Data Science degree. He practices Modern Paganism, or Wicca, as his religion. 

Sweden | Berwald Oxenstierna, Aged 21

He’s a guy with an intimidating air who doesn’t talk much. On the inside he’s playful, but it doesn’t show at all and he just seems intimidating. He works as a carpenter after he went to a trade high school, a job that he greatly enjoys. Other than that, he likes decorative arts and being a part of debates on his free time. While he can create furniture out of wood scraps without any blueprints, he can’t put together IKEA furniture to save his life. 

Eastern Europe

Belarus | Natalia Arlovskaya, age 19

While she can be extremely possessive over her older brother and sister, she means well. She openly looks up to both of them, as they are the only two people in her life that have remained constants. She lives with both of them in a house and works part-time at her sister’s flower shop. She’s also a part-time online student with a pursuit of a criminology degree.

Russia | Ivan Braginski, age 21

He has the simplicity of a country bumpkin, an easy-going personality, and the cruelty of a child, all mixed together. Coupled with his personality traits and the fact that he’s well over 6 feet tall, he constantly (and accidentally) gives off an intimidating air. He attends college for a Avionics Technology bachelor's degree. Deep down, he’s incredibly passionate about ballet, more specifically Russian ballet, his favorite being Don Quixote, with Sleeping Beauty as a close second.

Ukraine | Katyusha Braginskaya, age 24

Ivan and Natalia’s older sister who always recklessly gets dragged into their messes. She's an absolute sweetheart who strives to make the people around her happy, even at her own expense. She can be very emotional. She owns a flower shop where she let’s her younger siblings work part-time while they go to school.

Central Europe

Germany | Ludwig Beilschmidt, age 20

He's a young man with an overly serious personality and a pessimistic nature. He's very by-the-book and has a pet peeve for a lack of cleanliness. He attends college for mechanical engineering and dorms with Feliciano and Kiku. His older brother, Gilbert, regularly breaks in and hangs out with them. His hobbies are reading, making sweets and taking walks with his dogs (that live with Gilbert). He’s in a garage band with the three aforementioned guys. He does, however, want to be a soldier like the other members in his family. Unfortunately, due to an injury to his leg that he sustained as a kid, he can’t. 

Hungary | Elizabeta Héderváry, age 26

She’s a sweet, reliable woman with a bit of a boyish streak. For a career, she works doing maintenance on a farm that belongs to a close friend, Basch (Switzerland). In her free time, she likes riding horses, going hiking and practicing instruments, one of which is the tekerőlant. She has a young child, Julian (Kugelmugel), from a previous relationship with her ex fiance, Roderich (Austria). Thankfully, things are civil between the two.

Liechtenstein | Lili Zwingli, age 15

She’s the darling, adoptive younger sister of Basch (Switzerland). She has a big heart and helps out on her brother’s farm wherever she can, and because she spends so much time on the farm, she’s gotten decently close to Elizabeta. She enjoys feeding, brushing, and cuddling her two angora rabbits on her free time, as well as knitting. Sometimes she’ll submit her bunnies to be participants in rabbit shows (Cocoa has 1 and Cinna-bun has 3).

Poland | Feliks Łukasiewicz, age 19

He has a fierce anxiety towards strangers, and upon a first meeting, he'll act very shy. Once he gets used to someone, he'll act goofy and a bit childish, clinging onto his closest friends. He attends college for a degree in fashion design and marketing. He is also very opinionated. He often drags his friends to Francis’ patisserie for cute aesthetic pictures. 

Prussia | Gilbert Beilschmidt, age 24

He comes off as rude, loud and self-centered, but he’s actually incredibly sweet and loyal almost to a fault. He’s catholic and takes his religion seriously to the point of keeping a cross necklace with him nearly all the time. While he wanted to join the army like the rest of his family, his albinism keeps him from being able to. Because of this, many members of the family see him as the Family Disappointment™, causing a strain between him and them. Unrelated, but when Ludwig lived with him, he caught Gilbert trying to play all three parts of Suite en trio, Op. 59: I. Serenade by himself with all three instruments at 2 in the morning.

Switzerland | Basch Zwingli, age 25

He’s an intimidating man with a soft heart. He owns a farm that has been in his family for generations, and it’s a job that he’s greatly proud of and fiercely protective over. He has technically adopted Lili as a daughter, but they both view each other as siblings. Regardless, Francis has still referred to him as a DILF before. He doesn’t understand what it means, and Elizabeta has assured him that he doesn't want to. On a more pure note, he enjoys attending rabbit shows whenever there’s any in the area, and has encouraged Lili to participate in them with hers.

Africa

Seychelles | Veronique Bonnefoy, age 17

She’s a southern country girl with a big heart. She's a bit sloppy and has the tendency to laze around when the weather gets warmer. She often laments over her being lonely to her friends, especially to Alfred and Matthew. She enjoys cooking, singing, and dancing. She takes after her brother figure (technically adoptive father), Francis, being a bit of a romantic herself. She’s in her senior year of high school, and is excited to be done with it. Once she ate pizza rolls in front of Francis and he almost cried. 

Asia

China | Yao Wang, age 19

He’s a (mostly) easy-going person, if not a bit of a hermit. He works as a waiter currently, but attends several courses in hopes of getting his food-handlers permit to, one day, open his own authentic Chinese food restaurant. He lives with his 5 other siblings, all of which jokingly refer to him as “grandpa” due to how often he complains about back pain and makes acupuncture appointments every 2 weeks. When his 6th sibling, Kiku, moved out for college, he was pretty salty. In his free time, he mostly plays Mahjong the practices the Érhù. He’s unabashedly likes and collects cute things such as small charms and plushies.

Japan | Kiku Honda, age 19

While, at first glance, he seems quiet and serious, he can actually be quite goofy and irresponsible with his money, buying anime memorabilia and American comic books. It’s something that one of his roommates, Ludwig, lectures him about quite a bit. His other roommate, Feliciano, sees nothing wrong with it. He attends college for a degree in animation. He enjoys messing with machines and drawing.

South Korea | Im Yong Soo, age 16

He’s a hyperactive young man with strong aspirations when it comes to schooling. He shows the upmost respect to strangers and his elders alike, but when he’s around friends and immediate family he tends to be more loud and silly. He’s currently knee deep in the K-pop wave sweeping the world and practices idol dances on tiktok. 

Taiwan | Mei Xiao, age 18

She is a strong-willed, fashionable young woman, but she's also said to have become more of a nervous type in recent times, unable to stop worrying. She has the tendency to be a bit smart-mouthed with a somewhat quick temper. Other than that, she has a sweet and cheerful disposition. She lives with all of her siblings (China, Japan, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Korea, and Thailand) and works as a hostess as a restaurant while she takes a break from schooling. 

Mediterranean

France | Francis Bonnefoy, age 24

He's someone who does things at his own pace and has an abundance of affectionate expressions for friends, family, and strangers alike. He owns his own patisserie which has become increasingly popular as a spot for dates and hipsters to eat cute, artfully made sweets and drink aesthetically pleasing coffees and teas. He loves culture and the arts, as well as paintings and clothing.

North Italy | Feliciano Vargas, age 20

He's a cheerful guy who can be a little bit of a crybaby. While he relies on his friends a lot, he deeply cares for them. He's attending college for a fine arts degree where he shares a dorm room with Ludwig and Kiku. He enjoys painting, singing and designing clothes. Also, while only a few people know this, he can play both acoustic and electric guitar. He’s in a garage band with Ludwig, Kiku, and Gilbert

South Italy | Lovino Vargas, age 22

He constantly starts arguments and fights, however he’s also a bit of a coward. He has the ability to be hardworking, but often doesn’t out of laziness. While he’ll never admit it, he’s quite the hopeless romantic, striving to find someone who will love him despite his flaws. He’s in college to obtain a bachelor's in agricultural studies with a minor in history, but absolutely refused to share a dorm with his younger brother, who he often teases about choosing to get a ‘useless art degree.’ He enjoys gardening, dancing, and playing the acoustic guitar in his free time. He also likes sketching, but due to feeling insecure, he never shows people his work, or even tells them that he does it.

Spain | Antonio Fernandez Carriedo, age 24

While he can be oblivious and even insensitive, he’s a generally friendly person with a cheerful deposition. He works as a bartender in a decently popular bar in the downtown of his city that’s within walking distance of his house. When he’s not working, he enjoys playing the flamenco guitar and practicing dancing. Since he’s very sociable, before work, he typically stops by Francis’ pastry shop to talk to him as he closes up.

Also, did you know that, in canon, Feliciano can play electric guitar and Ludwig can play the drums?? What I’m saying is: punk garage band w/ Kiku on vocals. Thank you for coming to my TEDtalk.  

[swicsmohali]

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[mrakftech]

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[gloriousskysworld]

Studying and Living in a foreign country is everyone's dream. Studying abroad offers you wide experience and much more. But the massive tuition fee and other living expenses are always the deal breakers.

Nevertheless, there are certain countries that offer education free of cost or with nominal tuition fee to residents and international students.

1. Germany

When it comes to excellent higher education at minimal or no cost, Germany top the list.

2. Norway

Graduate, post graduate and doctorate level programs in Normal are absolutely free of cost regardless of your nationality. But they do have one requirement- you should be profient in Norwegian. So in case of apply, better start learning language right away!

3. Sweden

While Universities of Sweden do charge application fee and tuition fee from non members of EU, EEA and Nordic countries for graduate and post graduates programmes, they offer PhD position for no fee, in fact they get monthly salary! So, why don't you add the Dr. Prefix to your name in Sweden.

4. Austria

Non EU/EEA students will have to pay nominal tuition fee of around €730 per semester. Not bad, considering the quality of life, such a beautiful country it is.

5. Finland

Finland don't charge any tuition fee for any level of education or any Non EU/EEA students will have to pay nominal tuition fee of around €730 per semester. Not bad, considering the quality of life, such a beautiful country it is.. But from 2017, they have started charging tuition fee from non EU/EEA students for English taught Bachelor's and Master's programs.

6. Czech Republic

Higher education here is free for all nationalities. It's the law here. But for that you need to know the local language. And even if you want to study in English, a nominal fee of around $1,000 will suffice as tuition fee.

7. France

Higher education in France is mostly free, expect at some public universities. But then again, even that fee is pretty minimal.

8. Belgium

International students have to pay a minimal fee to study in Belgium, which doesn't pinch at all because you get to experience a totally different culture.

9. Greece

The land of God's, Greece offers low cost higher education to international students along with minimal cost of living as well.

10. Spain

Like other European countries, Spain too offers free education to EU citizens only. But it too offers low cost education to students outside EU and offer reasonable cost of Living.

[ethelsummersnewby]

Ethel Summers-Newby

Mastery Journal

Multi Media Research Class 

  ABOUT

I reside in Lincoln Nebraska, and I am a full time New Media Journalism student. I graduated in 2021 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Creative Writing. Writing has been a part of me since my tenth birthday when I received a dairy as a present. I began to write about everything such as nature, all kinds of people and mostly of what I wanted to become. At the time it was a singer who traveled  the world performing. Well, I became that singer an opportunity took me to places like Spain, Greece, Italy, Turkey, Germany to perform. I was asked to write songs for local artists and began writing lyrics.

There after, I was approached by a record company, not for a singing contract but to publish a song. That was my first publishing deal as a writer. When deciding on which program to study at Full Sail University, I choose writing because I wanted to learn how to write books. I learned much more than writing books, I’ve learned how to write movies and television scripts, treatments, articles etc. Being in the New Media Journalism program my eyes have widen as wrote stories for digital platforms. This is how the media industry is adapting to the various digital platforms to distribute their content. Nearly four years as a student, I am still excited about being my education Full Sail University and what the future my hold. 

  INTENTIONS

My intentions are to utilize my gifts for creating contents that is inspiring and exciting. I will always operate with the ethics of journalism as a foundation and report only the truth, not fake information. I understand the power of writing, media, visuals, audio, and just how they can impact the world we live in. My intentions are to become a force of creative good not the opposite.  I believe deeply in facing each day with a spirit of thanksgiving also with the expectations of being better than the day before.

 GOALS

 Short Term

- Update my portfolio with new content that is relevant to the current  requirements of the media industry.

- Search for free-lance writing positions that are local and possible out of state opportunities that require working remotely.

- I plan to Graduate with a Master’s in New Media Journalism and continue my learning onto Higher Education.

 Long Term

- My goal is to work my way up to a position as a Television Showrunner.

- Create content for Streaming platforms such as Netflix and Amazon.

 INSPIRATION

My desire is to collaborate with writer/producers and directors such as Ava DuVernay, Shonda Rhimes, Tyler Perry, JJ Abrams. To know that Ava DuVernay did not pick up a camera until she was 32 years of age, makes all things possible.

[cdodd985]

Study in the uk in 2021

Mystical stone circles, old castle ruins, rugged landscapes, and crazy, cosmopolitan metropolises – visitors will find all of this on the largest island in Europe: Great Britain. This consists of the three countries England, Scotland and Wales, each of which has its own culture.

The English are known for their understatement and black humor. In Wales, the Celtic language Cymraeg is the second official language. Scotland is often associated with bagpipe music and such unusual sports as throwing logs. You can experience all of this up close while studying in the UK.

History of Great Britain

The differences between the individual countries are due to the turbulent history of Great Britain. Since the first settlement around 10,000 years ago , the island on the other side of the English Channel has been conquered by Celtic tribes, Romans, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Vikings.

It was not until 1707 that England, Wales, and Scotland were united to form today’s Great Britain, which rose to colonial power in the centuries that followed. History lovers can discover an old castle, a Celtic place of worship, or another building from the long settlement period almost behind every street corner.

Great Britain also has a unique nature. In fifteen national parks, visitors can explore the solitude of the Scottish Highlands, idyllic heathlands, picturesque lakes, and ancient forests. The metropolises of Great Britain, on the other hand, are modern and cosmopolitan. The multicultural metropolis of London is not only Europe’s most important financial center but also sets the tone when it comes to fashion and music. But not only the hip capital of England is worth seeing. Even old industrial cities such as Newcastle, Birmingham, or Glasgow have developed into extremely livable cities over the last few decades, offering visitors a wide range of cultural activities.

University landscape of Great Britain

Great Britain and especially England is one of the most popular study regions for German students. This is no wonder, after all, England is home to some of the best and most prestigious universities in the world, and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland also boast a tradition-steeped university landscape. In total there are over a hundred universities in the UK, most of which are in England.

Addition to the universities, there are a number of higher education colleges in Great Britain. A In contrast to universities, these offer courses with strong practical relevance. Many colleges specialize in internship courses or a specific subject, but there are also colleges that offer a wide range of courses.

UK higher education and quality assurance

With a few exceptions, all universities in Great Britain are state-owned. Due to their sometimes very long history, they decide autonomously about the admission of students or the content of the curricula. An exception is teacher training, which, like in Germany, is state-regulated.

The well-known research universities, which include Oxford and Cambridge, for example, also the University of Bristol, Newcastle University, and the University of Birmingham, receive financial support.

The good international reputation of British universities results from the high quality of teaching. Many British universities employ twice as many teachers as similarly large universities in Germany. Accordingly, the courses are small and the universities offer a much more comprehensive service than in Germany. Students receive tutors who are on hand to advise them. The secretariat and the teaching staff are almost always there for the students.

Another quality of British universities lies in their internationality: More than ten percent of the students in the bachelor’s degree come from abroad. In the postgraduate programs in England and Wales, such as a Masters, MBA, or LLM, almost a third of the student body consists of international students. They are coming to the UK to obtain an internationally recognized degree and to perfect their English.

Study system in the UK

The study system in the UK is divided into an undergraduate section and a postgraduate section.

Bachelor’s degree in Great Britain

In the first phase of the study, students acquire a bachelor’s degree. The Bachelor’s degree takes three years in England and Wales. Up to four years in Scotland. Traditionally, the academic year in Great Britain is divided into three trimesters ( terms ). In the course of increasing internationalization, some universities have now introduced semesters. The credits are by the Credit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme ( CATS calculated). The points are awarded for presentations, exams, and essays, among other things.

In England and Wales, at the end of their undergraduate studies, students usually receive the Bachelor with Honors, which is linked to the UK grading system, and the final grade: from the First Class Honors Degree for excellence to the Third Class Honors Degree.

Other UK degrees

In addition to the Bachelor’s degree, the study system in Great Britain has several country-specific undergraduate degrees: the Foundation Degree, the Certificate of Higher Education, the Diploma of Higher Education, and the Higher National Diploma.

Masters degree in Great Britain

In the postgraduate section, students at most universities acquire a master’s degree within one year. Great Britain, a general distinction is made between the Taught Master and the Master by Research or Master of Research. Addition, several renowned British universities offer the possibility of placing students in subject-specific degrees such as an MBA or an LLM.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)

The highest degree British universities can award is the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). It is usually acquired by writing an extensive research paper and then giving it an oral defense. On average, it takes students in the UK between three and five years to complete their doctoral thesis. An excellent research-oriented bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree is a prerequisite for the Ph.D. program.

Further postgraduate degrees in the UK

In addition, also in the Postgraduate -Studienabschnitt Certificates and Diplomas awarded. They can be acquired in just a few months and serve to deepen the knowledge acquired in the bachelor’s degree and to further professional qualifications. In some cases, it is possible to have the achievements acquired in postgraduate studies credited towards a later master’s degree. However, this must be checked on a case-by-case basis.

Studies in Great Britain: the requirements

German applicants usually need to have a high school diploma in order to study in Great Britain. Since the universities decide autonomously about the admission of their applicants, they determine the average grade and other admission criteria such as grades in certain high school subjects themselves. In some cases, applicants without a high school diploma can also receive a place at the university if they are judged to be suitable by the university.

Special evidence and deadlines

In addition to school leaving certificates, letters of application and motivation must also be submitted at almost all universities. Good knowledge of English is also expected; this usually has to be proven in the form of a test such as the IELTS or TOEFL.

Full degree in Great Britain

The application for a full-time study in England and Wales in the undergraduate range must be connected to the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS ) be directed. The annual application deadline is January 15th; earlier application deadlines apply for Cambridge, Oxford, and medical courses.

The applications for the Master’s and Ph.D. degree programs are directly addressed to the universities. They themselves decide on the admission criteria, but a bachelor’s degree with a certain minimum grade is common (alternatively, hold degrees such as master’s degree, diploma, or state examination are also accepted).

Semester abroad in Great Britain

It is much easier to apply for a semester abroad in Great Britain, where applicants usually only have to prove a (technical) university certificate and sufficient English skills.

Cost of studying in the UK

Most universities in the UK have tuition fees. Since 2013, universities have theoretically been able to charge Bachelor students up to £ 9,000 for an academic year – more than half of all English universities also make use of this right. In Wales and Scotland, more favorable regulations were able to prevail. The bachelor’s degree in Scotland is free for international students from the EU (with the exception of English and Welsh students).

The cost of living in the UK varies greatly from region to region. In cities like London, Oxford, or Cambridge in particular, students have to budget up to £ 14,000 per year for accommodation, meals, and leisure activities. In other regions, a budget of up to £ 12,000 is enough.

Students from the EU who are completing a full bachelor’s degree in the UK can also receive funding through Student Loans. This loan covers part or all of the tuition fees and does not have to be paid back until the annual income exceeds a certain limit.