#so then you have 0 social privilege within that group.

[snekdood]

i think ppl gotta get acquainted with the difference between systemic privilege and social privilege, which can overlap, but not always.

[ca-suffit]

Hi, you talk a lot about the white fandom but what do you mean by that? Most of the accounts I've seen you attack are not white, other than Virginia vampires as far as I know. For example Sima who you talked about in your last posts is brown, muslim, and probably a lot less privileged than you because of where she lives. It's gross and xenophobic to make fun of her and call her stupid for her English and not understanding western American culture. Also let's not forget this is the internet. Any person can pretend to be anything they want. You could be white yourself for all we know. There's no way to verify unless you post your photo or something. I agree with what you say about Anne Rice and the racism of hardcore book fans but maybe you should be more clear about what and who you're fighting against. Right now it just looks like you attack accounts you don't like for petty reasons and not for any social justice cause.

This is all bullshit but I'm gonna answer it so I can eventually probably pin this fucking post for all u annoying assholes who want to speak over the point and distract from getting shit done here.

White fandom does not mean white people. I have said this so many times. White fandom means the ppl who support the ideas of white supremacy, that white ppl's ideals and comfort should be prioritized over everyone else and "we don't have to talk about race because that's "the real racism."" This has been happening nonstop with the way that Lestat, a fictional white man, is defended to death while real black and brown fans are openly bullied within the fandom (usually to defend *him*!) and nobody fucking cares. They care even less because of how white fandom is now made up of fans who aren't white, who convince white ppl even more that "this is the way, don't listen to those ppl, they're all (euphemism for racial slurs goes here)." If you come into a fandom that centers black American history in its plot and is also well known as a fandom to be antiblack af, that's literally on u to figure out. loustat-0 has been here, it's been two fucking years, I don't give a shit what her background is, this is no excuse. She came into this space knowing what it is, the show spells it out p fucking well too. Stop making excuses for assholes who want to remain ignorant and make themselves victims when they're told they fucked up. U don't have to be a white person to do that shit and antiblackness is so rampant across every race on top of it, it's not brand new information that brown ppl can be antiblack too. Shit, black ppl can be antiblack, look at fangs and keybearer. That is the whole point of being loud about this, to challenge their bs and wake ppl up to saying something back about it. cuz it's the same white fandom shit, just dressed different and in a way most white ppl don't know how to understand. That's what they count on too, why do u think fangs got so loud screaming I'M BLACK AND U NEED TO LISTEN TO ME when she thought that would work to prove her antiblack af point against a white person? u can be any race and be in white fandom and racist af. internalized racism is real. a lot of things are real. Look how many ppl across various groups constantly speak up for political parties who cause harm to their own communities. This manipulation happens every day across many spaces.

You're the only one not understanding what's going on here tbh. I also have never given any information on who I am at all and that is on purpose. The fandom is making up a definition of the person I am typing this, I have said nothing. I say nothing because that's what white fandom relies on, personal information to attack u as a person instead of replying to the topic of fandom racism itself. U can see in this example here how they move goalposts depending on which race, gender, and age they're speaking to. Why do u think it's mostly black ppl on those PSAs too? Why do you think the fandom also ignores them so much and sees them as "angry" and "dangerous." Ur interpretation of who I am is up to u and I don't owe anyone access to that. If u need only specific types of ppl to speak up on shit like fandom racism then u are revealing the main issue behind why nothing ever gets accomplished. Who is the best messenger then? Who would u listen to after all? Sit with that thought and choke on it, cuz the real answer is "nobody." U all will never allow anyone to speak on this, that's why u pull shit like what ur trying to pull here rn. have u also noticed the only ppl getting defended are those who come from white fandom? Why do u think that is too. Why would ppl sympathize so much with only these ppl and not all the black and brown ppl who have been fucked with a lot harder this whole time otherwise. where are those names ever. why are u all always crying about these useless idiots only. ur part of the fucking problem and this victim act doesn't work on me or anyone else. we are all tired of this shit and that's why I'm fucking here.

These are not "petty reasons," you're just fucking stupid and defending the wrong ppl. Wake up already. Ignorance on racism isn't even the only thing loustat-0 is accused of and u want to say it's xenophobic to judge someone's behavior like that, when she's *been* told by ppl how to act right. Fuck outta here. Learn what words mean, u fucking cretin. Btw it was her own post in the tags about leaving that even called attention to this in the first place, it's not like I dug it out of nothing the way fangs is always digging thru black fans' personal shit for her call out posts. She whined a lot to play victim but she did not try to defend herself this way at all so it makes me rly wonder why tf u feel the need to do all this on her behalf. what is UR fucking point, princess?

[brick-van-dyke]

I also want to add something important: Israelis aren't just 100% Jewish and 0% any other ethnicity, chances are they're also very much westerners in the fact they were brought up German, Irish, British, US American, etc. In addition to this, Israeli Jews are a dominant social group in Israel, while Jews in other countries are a minority. This changes the dynamic for Israel as a whole and, yes, how they act compared to non Israeli Jews. This isn't a thing about being Jewish at all, it's just how sociology works; when a dominant group has more privilege, there's a sense of entitlement and when they have been brought up in a culture of individualism and patriotism, as in with western ideals? Yeah, they're going to act very differently to those who have not.

The idea of "Jews are sneaky and conniving" comes from a place that demonised Jews for a social construct built from being a minority in Europe/ the west and being demonised for not fitting into western social standards. 1960s Palestine doesn't have the exact same social context of 1930s Germany for example. Meanwhile, Israel being formed off of the exploitation of Palestinians creates a different social context of Palestinians being the oppressed class and Israelis being a dominating class. A Jew in 2010, for example, would have a very different life in Australia or Germany who would be seen as a social minority with less power and rights than non Jews, than a Jew in Israel (Occupied Palestinian Territories) who is seen as a social majority and has more power and rights than a Palestinian. It's about the power dynamic and social structure of a given area, not some inherent "privilege level" that stays the same depending on what category you try to box them into. I, as a queer person, will have different rights and be treated differently depending on where I am and who is around me; that treatment isn't built in who I am but built on specific societies and how they came to be and what factors play into their systems. Jews are about as much inherent victims as I am, so not at all. We're all people, regardless of category which that doesn't denote good or bad. Jews aren't "inherently" anything but people, which means social structure does absolutely come into play depending on where they are and what systems oppress OR benefit them.

How people are treated is dependent on the society they're within, and that societal structure can change depending on geography, culture and history of a specific area. Jews are not an exception, and I'd argue treating them as such is just boxing them into a category of "victims without personhood" in a way similar, if not worse, to other marginalised groups whose struggles are reduced to "how much" or "how little" privilege they have globally rather than addressing the root causes and factors of oppression and marginalisation. If there was a queer majority in a country, chances are we would be an oppressing class, and that doesn't suddenly change because we're an oppressed group in another country. That's why we need to analyse social groups in accordance with the environment and context around them rather than using one-size-fits-all approach like "we'll they're oppressed in my country so they're oppressed everywhere" because that's not how marginalisation works.

The conversation on Twitter around why the Zionist Entity would think that releasing footage of Yahya Sinwar's heroic final moments lead to the introduction to a reality, that I didn't know about, that one of the chief corners of Zionist settler identity is viewing all matter of upstanding citizenship, care for others, self sacrifice, and really any honorable behavior whatsoever as the behavior of naive marks who deserve to be scammed into oblivion. Utterly rotten culture from the very bottom up.

[globaljobalert-blog]

Product Marketing Manager - Remote

Company: Gnosis  WHAT YOU WILL DO Gnosis is building a Consumer Web3 wallet for Gnosis Chain and is looking for a Product Marketing Manager to join the team: - Lead the Product Team to conduct user research to identify target users for adoption - Lead Product Team to identify target user pain points and distill user stories and product requirements - Work with Designers to develop, communicate and test design concepts, wireframes and prototypes - Work with Product Team to develop product positioning, strategy, and roadmap - Handle 0-to-1 go to market activities including PR, marketing and community building WHO YOU ARE - Experience with 0-to-1 product marketing - Experience in Web3 and Ethereum, plus if prior experience with smart contract accounts - Experience with Fintech or “Neobanks” - Experience with Consumer Social - Fluent in spoken English, reading, and writing in English WHAT WE CAN OFFER YOU - Do you need resources to pursue your professional goals? → We got you covered with a personal education and conference budgets;  - Is there something that you would like to try out within our projects? → You can use your Friday afternoons on research or on a side project in our ecosystem; - Our hierarchy is flat, so there is no chance to get lost in vertical looking organizational structure; - Not really an early bird? No worries! → Flexible working schedules and remote work policies are, for a long time, part of our culture; - And do not worry about your equipment and subscriptions. We’ll equip you with the latest hardware and provide you all tools you need! But most important - grow with us! We're growing rapidly, the industry is expanding fast, and we have a lot to do. If you're someone who loves taking initiative and getting things done, there are a lot of opportunities for you at Gnosis. We’re enthusiastic about our shared mission and enjoy spending time together! Please apply with your (English) resume. We look forward to your application! At Gnosis, we strive to create an inclusive environment that empowers our employees. We believe that our products and services benefit from our diverse backgrounds and experiences and are proud to be an equal opportunity employer: all qualified applicants are considered for positions regardless of race, ethnic origin, age, religion or belief, marital status, gender identification, sexual orientation, or physical ability. Apply for this position ABOUT US The Gnosis mission has always been centered on building decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem. When Gnosis was founded in 2015, it focused on building prediction markets to enable worldwide access to accurate information. While creating the prediction market platform, it became clear that Gnosis needed to build the infrastructure required to support it.As a DAO, Gnosis uses the products that it creates to transparently guide decisions on the development, support, and governance of its ecosystem. Gnosis Safe (multisig and programmable account), Cow Protocol (formerly CowSwap and Gnosis Protocol), Conditional Tokens (prediction markets), Gnosis Auction, and Zodiac (standard and tooling for composable DAOs) are all products incubated by Gnosis. Their success is demonstrated by the recent spin-out of Cow Protocol and the formation of SafeDAO. By combining needs-driven development with deep technical expertise, Gnosis has built the decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem. In November 2021, the xDai and GnosisDAO communities voted to combine their vibrant ecosystems to create the Gnosis Chain. Gnosis Chain uses the xDai token. It is the associated execution-layer EVM chain for stable transactions and includes a wide-ranging group of projects and users.Gnosis Chain is secured by a diverse set of validators. With over one hundred thousand validators and counting, we’re building a resilient and neutral network open to anyone without privilege or prejudice. Be a part of a team leading the web3 movement. APPLY ON THE COMPANY WEBSITE To get free remote job alerts, please join our telegram channel “Global Job Alerts” or follow us on Twitter for latest job updates. Disclaimer:  - This job opening is available on the respective company website as of 4thJuly 2023. The job openings may get expired by the time you check the post. - Candidates are requested to study and verify all the job details before applying and contact the respective company representative in case they have any queries. - The owner of this site has provided all the available information regarding the location of the job i.e. work from anywhere, work from home, fully remote, remote, etc. However, if you would like to have any clarification regarding the location of the job or have any further queries or doubts; please contact the respective company representative. Viewers are advised to do full requisite enquiries regarding job location before applying for each job.   - Authentic companies never ask for payments for any job-related processes. Please carry out financial transactions (if any) at your own risk. - All the information and logos are taken from the respective company website. Read the full article

[fluffynexu]

imperial life (sorta)

life within the empire is very structured. it’s a society where everyone Knows Their Place and what they’re supposed to be doing.

for ex. there is a certain “life schedule” that imperial citizens are expected to adhere to.

ages:

0-5, raised by family as infants. sent to daycare during toddler years.

5-10, primary school. begin basic education.

10-15, junior school. continue education.

15-20, senior school. start some training alongside education.

20-25/30, MANDATORY SERVICE TIME.

25/30+, marriage and having children encouraged and you can live your life.

now after an individual completes their mandatory time actively serving, they can either continue to serve or return to other jobs and functions in the empire.

so you can have someone who was a foot soldier or sniper during their service time, but then return to “civilian” life as a florist or school teacher.

the sith follow a similar “life schedule”.

ages:

0-5, raised by family and like minded peer groups.

5-10, primary academy. basic training and education.

10-15, secondary academy. continued training and education.

15-20, preparatory academy. continued training and education.

20+, sith academy (proper) and from there, it depends on the individual sith’s master and rank.

tho the purebloods have a tendency to marry their children off after at the age of 20 (or young 20s) in hopes of procuring grandchildren (and therefore, securing family legacies) before anything... unfortunate happens.

another aspect of imperial life that is deeply entrenched within the civilization but never talked about too openly is the caste system.

everyone in the empire, sith or slave, is shoved into one of these castes. it is possible to move UP and DOWN. moving upward requires marrying someone of a higher caste, but ppl usually (tho not always!) stick to and marry within their own castes. moving down tends involves committing a crime and being punished for it, or disownment from family.

there are certain advantages of being a part of upper castes. which include, but are not limited to:

wider access on the holonet

higher pay

more options for housing

priority healthcare

less restrictions on travel

etc.

the two main groups the castes fall into are sith and imperial. obvs the sith castes are above the imperial ones.

castes among the sith are categorized by “blood purity” and family lineages. the older, purer bloodlines that can trace their roots to korriban are seen above sith who might not have such a heritage.

pureblood, greater families

pureblood, lesser families

human, greater families (usually have some pureblood family members as well)

human, lesser families (usually all human)

human, common (usually an individual that comes from a non-sith background that found sensitivity in the force)

alien

imperial castes on the other hand are categorized by “occupation” rather than bloodlines.

officers. self explanatory. within this caste the officers follow the rank order. ie, moff > captain.

healers. ppl who can help and heal others. doctors, psychiatrists, therapists, etc.

scholars. those who spend their time studying, researching, or teaching. scientists, philosophers, lawyers, professors, etc.

protectors. internal security of the empire. police type, firefighters, paramedics, emergency responders, imperial intelligence, etc.

farmers. self explanatory, also includes breeders (for fancy pets and vanity animals).

crafters. for those who MAKE or design things. artists, architects, engineers, cooks, tailors, etc.

traders. folks who buy and sell things or deal with money frequently. business people, vendors, bank folk, accountants etc.

entertainers. mostly performers of some type. actors, musicians, athletes, sex workers, etc.

cleaners. those who deal with trash or bodies. janitors, butchers, housekeepers, manicurists, waste management, groomers, etc.

casteless. ironically named, but still technically a caste. includes non citizens that may be visiting or traveling through, new imperial citizens, or disowned (usually non force sensitive) sith.

slaves. self explanatory.

in the old, old sith empire (pre arrival of exiles), the sith also had a ruler and priest caste. it can be argued that the two were simply merged into the modern sith grouping and all of their castes within.

as far as any that might be lawmakers and where they’d fit in. that’d be the dark council with some occasional input from very high ranking officers like the grand moff.

so in theory(!), anyone can move up or down the caste ladder. in reality it’s very rare and ppl are often born into one caste and simply live their life within its confines and die. but ppl across the entire caste system can and do work together frequently.

an ex is the sw and crew.

akrona is not only sith, but a pureblood from a greater family. making her one of the most privileged and (potentially) influential ppl in the empire.

quinn comes from a family of officers and they’ve all been at the relative top of imperial society for generations. even after his court martial he’s considered to be very lucky to have remained in the same caste.

pierce actually comes from farmers but managed to be promoted to an officer during his time in service. but since he wasn’t born into it, quinn some officers have an obvious bias against him for his position.

vette, being a freed slave is casteless. tho thx to having a sith benefactor and friend, she can get away with a lot more than others within her same social standing.

some notes under the read more since i KNOW you ppl don’t go to the op to read my darn tags! >,< lol

so... i know. i KNOW i didn’t list literally every single conceivable job that exist or could exist. you’ll have to excuse me on that lol.

and in case it wasn’t obvious, yes, i used my sw and my own hcs for the crew. NO, i am NOT saying that quinn dislikes pierce ONLY bc of “lower caste upbringing”. just that it’s one of many factors of tension between the two.

and regardless of caste, every citizen* in the empire is guaranteed food, shelter, water, and medical care. but obvs those in the upper castes would be eating the fanciest~ of feasts in their big ass floating mansions while the lower castes live off of ration bars and street food while living in small, utilitarian apartments. *does not include slaves since they are technically not citizens.

i am once again here to remind you that the empire is NOT

a democracy

capitalist

or a utopia

(but if for some reason you wanna make your empire all those things, go for it. i ain’t stopping you lol.)

but why castes?

bc it was an aspect of the ancient sith In Canon and thought i’d tinker with the concept.

lastly! i stfg...

IF YOU THINK ME MAKING A HC/WORLDBUILDING POST REFLECTS UPON MY MORALITY OR HOW I THINK A SOCIETY SHOULD BE RUN...

YOU HAVE NEXT LVL BRAIN ROT.

also, yes, you can use any/all concepts in whatever way you see fit if you want. you can also, ignore the whole thing!

[generalchelseamayhem]

I got a whole bunch of rants I need to get out there that are critical of trans activism and other various forms of activism, but that I think it would be beneficial for the trans community and other related communities to hear and take on board in the long run

When you put them all together, they’re about language.

Put simply, the language that we use to describe marginalized people and the life circumstances of marginalized people changes too suddenly and too punishingly to take seriously as a means of impactful social change, and it does so in a way that, dare I say, shows the privilege of the people who coined whatever new terms are considered acceptable to use.

Take, as an example,

this post by phd_balance on Instagram

, ostensibly in celebration of Trans Awareness Week. In it, the creator makes the statement “Language changes over time. While certain terms may have been commonly used years ago, they are now outdated and should be replaced with the current terminology”

That’s great and all, but that’s... not entirely your decision to make. I’m not naive enough to believe that there is one singular trans community groupthink that everyone subscribes to, and since you’re the one doing the trans activism, you shouldn’t be that naive either.

It risks - who am I kidding? - it actively and rather shamelessly contributes to othering the kinds of people within the trans community who are not fashionable enough to keep up with the terminology as it changes. Should you refer to dysphoria as Gender Identity Disorder? Maybe not. But what happens when a trans people who are firmly embedded in the community, but exist on the fringes of the activist clique, have known terms such as Gender Identity Disorder and Sex Reassignment Surgery their entire lives and don’t feel the desire or the necessity for the change? Okay, so that term sounds offensive to you, but to others it may be how they’ve conceptualized their entire existence as trans people. A trans man who thinks of themselves as “FTM” should not have to confront their own perceptions of themselves as problematic and outdated before they are allowed to engage in discourse and activism for their own human rights.

It is also worth mentioning that the discourse around language is more often than not highly performative, and with each passing change it serves the actual needs of vanishingly smaller and smaller numbers of already tiny groups of people.

The other problem is that any changes in the language used by the trans community have to be picked up by the institutions that trans people interact with in their everyday lives, and look. Brigading someone on Twitter for using the wrong language is a very fast and very toxic way of getting social change to happen. It has a steep, steep cost, but it works.

But even then, most major social media websites, government services, and any other places which are in-touch enough with the cultural zeitgeist to make the changes swiftly, they have only really come around to concepts like “preferred pronouns” within the past 3 or so years, and suddenly a term that, for them, is effectively 3 years old is being denounced as old and out-of-touch, just as much as they were out-of-touch when they weren’t offering wide varieties of gender and sexuality information options at all.

That is not sustainable. You are never going to find a perfectly inoffensive term for everything, that has 0 cultural or social implications for absolutely everybody involved, and in the quest for trying you are going to leave everyone who wasn’t college-educated and already involved in trans activism discourse in the dust.

Plus which, when you try too hard to accommodate absolutely everyone who fits a certain criterion under a term with absolutely no capacity to offend whatsoever, you get a term that offends everybody.

Harvard Medical School hosted a panel on experiences relating to pregnancy and childbirth. Discussions of womanhood and manhood are surprisingly fraught these days because trans activists have got it into their head that, say, discussing childbirth as something a woman does erases the existence of all the trans men who happen to have vaginas, and so on.

Personally I would have thought that a trans man would like to have people think of them as a man, and therefore not want to be constantly reminded of the bits of themselves that run contrary to that perception, but you know, whatever, that’s just me.

So Harvard Med School suddenly finds itself in a conundrum, because, shock horror, a number of terms have been thrown at the wall for the better part of a decade to describe people who happen to have vaginas and in the vast majority of cases are women but who in fact may or may not entirely be made up of women, and none of them have stuck. But they have to use a term that offends nobody, or else how can this conference go forward??

So what do they come up with?

Birthing person.

I know the TERFs leap all over this kind of language and scream “JUST SAY WOMEN!!”, and to be honest, I don’t entirely disagree, but they will also say that terms like this exist to erase womanhood in order to make a tiny minority of trans people feel comfortable.

To which I say,

Am I supposed to believe that the term “birthing person” is actually going to make any trans people feel comfortable and welcome in this discussion??

No. Of course not. It is a clear-cut instance of the ever-increasingly prevalent phenomenon of trying to be as inclusive as possible and accidentally reducing everyone’s personhood to their genitals and body functions in the process. In my opinion it is not a term that you should use to describe anyone for any reason ... except, apparently, as a performative concession to the existence of trans people without actually engaging them as anything more than a demographic checklist.

And maybe I would understand the temptation to Do Something Just So We Can Say We’d Made A Difference if this wasn’t all coming from the most privileged educational backgrounds on planet Earth, but language discourse threatens to derail important and provocative and frankly uncomfortable conversations that, sooner or later, people need to have without worrying whether their choice of words in every other sentence is going to cause a firestorm before anyone has even tackled the subject matter.

The best way to handle language is not to decide which terms are and are not offensive. The best way to handle language is to decide which terms best describe the thing or phenomenon that you are describing. Some of those will have connotations - and that’s good! Connotations inform meaning just as much as words do. That is how meaning is formed. That is why taking a whole meaning from a word or phrase and trying to staple it to a totally different word or phrase that nobody has heard in that context before doesn’t work. That is why Even More Inclusive new words just develop their own set of connotations year after year, and likely wind up being less all-inclusive and more acknowledging-a-subset-of-a-subset. But the important thing above all, when you are expressing ideas and saying words to convey those ideas, is just that people know what you are talking about.

Being concise, and being armed with a full list of pre-made connotations that have developed over decades and even centuries, helps people to understand you when you speak. Going out of your way to stumble over new terminology that includes people that, in many cases, weren’t terribly excluded to begin with, does not help.

As I said much, much earlier, this is not a phenomenon limited to the trans community, but I like to think I’ve been good at supporting trans people so far throughout my life and I’ve been seeing a lot of activist discourse coming out of the trans community in particular over the past month or so that has really ticked me off. End rant.

[yegarts]

Project Feature: Solidarity Film Camp

2020 Solidarity Film Camp participants. Photo by Nanc Price Photography. 

Writer, director, producer, and editor Andrea Beça is passionate about changing the world through film. With a B.A. in English Literature and Creative Writing from the University of Alberta, and a M.Litt in Playwriting and Dramaturgy from the University of Glasgow, Andrea operates abeça productions and is constantly working to break down barriers and make the film industry a more inclusive space.  

In 2019, Andrea’s project, Solidarity Film Camp (SFC), received funding through a Cultural Diversity in the Arts project grant. Created and produced by Andrea, SFC is a multi-weekend film camp that aims to educate, empower, and inspire marginalized youth in Edmonton to share their stories. SFC is grounded in the belief that it is crucial to empower those who are often voiceless to speak up, to move towards a goal of equality and diverse representation in film and TV. In this context, “marginalized youth” refers to female, trans, non-binary, BIPOC, and LGBTQIA2S+ identifying youth, as well as disabled youth, between the ages of 14-24.

We caught up with Andrea to learn more about her experiences of working on this iteration of Solidarity Film Camp, and where she hopes the project and the industry will go in the future.  

Solidarity Film Camp participants. Photo by Nanc Price Photography.

Q: What motivated you to start this project and focus on working with marginalized youth?  

A: I have been in leadership roles in theatre and film for the last 15 years, and as a fat queer woman, I have always experienced major pushback. Unfortunately, these industries are most highly populated – and often gate kept – by cishet white men, and that lack of diversity and representation creates so many barriers to entry for anyone who doesn’t fit into that same demographic. As a result of years of facing blatant sexism (among other things), I decided to use the privileges I do have as a white woman to open as many doors as I can for others, and work actively to improve representation in the film industry starting right here in Edmonton. I’ve always focused the stories I tell on creating social change and on hiring as many women, IBPOC folks, queer folks, and disabled folks as I can, but I wanted to go further than just what I can do myself by empowering others with the skills and confidence to tell their own stories, too. We need under-represented voices telling stories in film and TV and all other media.

Q: What was one of your biggest learnings/takeaways from this project?  

A: I learned so much, it’s difficult to pick just one. January 2020 was the first iteration of Solidarity Film Camp. It was very much a grassroots project, created by just me. While it was amazing and I am incredibly proud of it, I am also very aware of the limitations of the camp being created and run by just me, as a cis white woman. The conversations I had throughout the camp with the participants, who represented so many different intersections, were priceless, and I learned so much about how to make future iterations of the camp even more inclusive, even more diverse, and even more accessible. That’s what I’ve been processing and working on as I start to envision and dream of future years.

Photos by Nanc Price Photography. 

Q: What was the best part of the camp for you?  

A: Watching the participants beam with excitement and confidence as their projects started to come together is a feeling I don’t know if I can even put words to. Watching them listen to actors rehearse lines they wrote and being able to feel the energy in the room was unreal. What they accomplished in two weekends was no small feat. The fact that they all showed up for one another, focused, and worked long days for one another – it still makes me tear up just writing about it! And now I get to see them on social media, staying in touch, collaborating and supporting one another. It’s just beautiful.

Q: What are changes within the film industry that you think would make it more accessible for marginalized youth?  

A: There are a lot of changes that need to happen in the film industry to make it accessible for anyone who isn’t a cishet white male. This isn’t just about youth! The fact that in Canada, only 27% of TV directors are women – with 5% of those being women of colour and a staggering 0% being Indigenous women – is just one small piece of a giant, disturbing picture of representation both on and off screen. The quickest way to start making change is simple: start funding women, IBPOC folks, LGBTQIA2S+ folks, and disabled folks to tell their own stories.

Q: Do you think you’ll do the camp again? If yes, what are your dreams and aspirations for future of Solidarity Film Camp?  

A: Yes, I sure hope so! Right now, with the pandemic changing everything, it’s hard to say when the next Solidarity Film Camp will happen, but it will happen at some point. My dreams are to make it much bigger, to have a whole team of folks from all intersections developing the camp curriculum, to have an even more diverse group of workshop leaders, and so on. I want the camp to feel like home to all intersections of people who are completely left out of the film & TV industry. It's my dream that we can all learn, feel confident, and work together to change the world.

To celebrate the Cultural Diversity in the Arts project grant recipients, Cineflair produced short videos profiling the recipients and their projects. You can watch Andrea’s video here, and watch more recipient videos on the Edmonton Arts Council’s YouTube page. 

[appliedtheatreblog]

Poetics of the Oppressed

1. What specifically stood out for you in the Boal reading? ( Give 2 examples. Be specific) What is your response to that? (Did it make you think about something - if so, what? Did it raise questions for you - if so, what are they?)

The first thing that stood out to me was in fact the very first sentence, Boal writes ‘In the beginning the theatre was the dithyrambic song….later ruling classes took possession of the theatre and built their dividing walls” (Boal, 2008:95) This resonates so heavily with our education system that inherently dismisses theatre in order to favour STEM subjects. This is metaphorically the ‘dividing wall’ between theatre and education, theatre is often seen as not relevant today and having no educational value, even when it is incorporated it is largely shakespearean content which to some extent is quite outdated for the 21st century. My point here is that because of intrusion from higher powers, theatre at its birth was inaccessible to those without wealth and nowadays is seen as an inaccessible artform, intensified by high prices to access and falling foul to Freire's Banking Model of Education. My opinion here is not only inspired by Boals depiction, but also the Ted Talk ‘Do schools kill creativity’ by Sir Ken Robinson. In this talk he highlights how restrictive the education system is, in a very similar way to Freire, he comments ‘We are now running an education system where a mistake is the worst thing you can make, and the result is that we are educating our children out of their creative capacities” (Robinson,2009) As someone who is constantly trying to express the importance of theatre, reading these people use their platforms to speak of such a vital modern problem, gives me hope that one day we will break free from the restraints put on us by those with the power to do so. 

Another thing that stood out to me was Boal’s insight on how images as symbols, such as exploitation for example, may not have the same meaning to a group of oppressed people. In this example, Boal talks about how a young boy in Lima portrayed a nail in the wall as a symbol of exploitation. The image was instantly recognisable to the rest of the group meaning it held symbolic power, however people in a more privileged position would not see the connotations of this symbol, rather would be wondering why they are not seeing exploitation as something like a bad landlord or minimum wage. This shows how depending on the cultural context of a group, interpretations will always be different. This led me to think are symbols really universal if everybody sees them differently, or are symbols subjective to us? Boals states ‘A symbol only functions as such if the meaning is shared’ (Boal,2008:101) which brings me to the conclusion that living in a world of global austerity and varying lifestyles, eliminates functioning symbols.

2. What can we learn from Boal's experience with the man's picture of home on pg 100?

Boal’s experience here firstly and formly teaches a lesson on what we can learn as empathetic humans, the story of a man recalling his image of home not only shows the bridge in human quality of life, but also shows the emotional power a  facilitator holds in being able to receive such a raw story being shared. It is also a very powerful moment of facilitation, as before the participant was able to share his interpretation, it was assumed he approached the task wrong. This is a great example of the fact that it is very important for a facilitator to accept everything that a participant has to offer, even if it is confusing at first. This is often hard if confusion is an overarching emotion, but remembering Prestons advice to ‘attempt to understand the moments that emerge for us- in their complexity, messiness and difficulty’ (Preston, 2016, 29) enables the most insightful breakthrough in the end. 

3. Please explain Boal's first two sections (1. Knowing the body, 2. Making the body expressive) briefly in your own words.

‘Knowing the body’ is Boal’s first step to transform the spectator into the actor, it entails getting to know the muscular limits and possibilities of the human body. It also encourages the actor to face its own social distortions and needs for rehabilitation. By getting the actor to address the components of its body the role it plays, it disconnects them from reverting to creating characters that mirror themselves. ‘Making the body expressive’ is a way to abandon physical limitations of expression, such as a daily role played within the societal realm, and place their body into the muscular structure of a character. A series of interactive games are played, each targeting the dismantling of habitual forms of expression and encouraging less dependence on verbal communication, opening a door to new found dramatic expression. 

Bibliography 

Freire, P., 1970. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New York: The Seabury Press

Preston, S., 2016. Facilitation: pedagogies, practices, resistance. [ebook] London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama. Available at: <https://www.vlebooks.com/Vleweb/Product/Index/892216?page=0&gt; [Accessed 1 March 2021].

Robinson, K., 2006. Do Schools Kill Creativity?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG9CE55wbtY [Accessed 1 March 2021]

[diplomaticspoonie]

Commitments

This is going to be pretty free-form.  I might clean it up later.

To quote the opening to a childhood TV show: “Our world is in peril.”  But it’s not just the pollution (and sadly, definitely not just radioactive cartoon villains). Nazis are marching, dictators and wannabe dictators are taking over everywhere, and people seem to be voting based on how to piss others off.  

I always assumed all people want to make the world better and just couldn’t agree how to do that; apparently, some people really do want to watch the world burn.

I’m not giving up. I picked my profession specifically to make the world better, and right now I’m still doing that. (I work in the Bureau of Democracy, Rights, and Labor, which really helps.) As long as I feel I’m doing good, I will continue.  

However, I know it’s easy to get caught up in work and careerism and to lose focus on what’s actually important.  Moreover, in this world, we need to start staking out what we commit to. So, that said:    

1) I support immigrants.

When I work as a visa officer, it is often my job to deny someone a visa under the law.  Often there are good reasons; more often, it’s bullshit, but it’s the law and my hands are mostly tied. (That said, after doing consular work, this man is even more of a hero to me than he was before.)

The above being said--I fully support those who get here, however they get here, and support any changes to the law to make it easier for people to come to the U.S. 

My family came to the U.S. prior to there being any restrictions. Supposedly, one of my ancestors was fleeing a murder charge (something that would now prevent him from getting a visa!)  They were all, to my understanding, poor farmers with no assets, no education, nothing to their names.  

What right do I have to stop someone else from doing the same?

Nearly every religion emphasizes the importance of hospitality, of aiding the alien and the traveler.  You find it in Greek myths, Norse Eddas, and of course the Bible is FULL of commandments to treat well those not of your country living within it.  I may have lost my faith ages ago, but I still believe in this as a cardinal virtue.  

3)  I support victims of discrimination and abuse.

I recognize that being a white cishet dude gives me advantages. Having a sweet government job with tenure on top of that makes it that much better. (Though my government job does limit my ability to engage in some kinds of advocacy.)  

It is incumbent on me to search for ways to help others.  I can’t expect people to spoon-feed me opportunities or pat me on the head and lead me by the hand through it.  (Nor, of course, should I do this to expect rewards or praise. I do this because it’s the decent thing to do and needed to move our world to where it needs to go.) I already have a few ideas on doing this.

This past year has made clear that sexual harassment/assault/rape is an ongoing issue in every. single. industry in America, and foreign affairs/national security is sure as hell not exempt.  My eyes are opened to this now, and I am keeping them open so that I can help stand up against it and be a shield for those who suffer from it. Unfortunately, I’ve also learned that our own EEO system at the State Department is widely seen as useless, so I’m hoping to work with people on how to fix this. 

On social media, I will amplify and repost things written by members of less privileged groups, rather than my own thoughts or those of other white dudes.

I will financially support organizations (like BLM) working towards dismantling the institutional discrimination.  

3) I keep my priorities straight, at work and at home.

This might seem obvious, but when neck deep in my work for the U.S. government, it can get lost.  

My old pastor (at one of the many churches I attended) talked about a prospective employer who told him that his priority should be work first, family second, God third.  He refused the job, because for him, that was exactly backwards. There are many, many things I disagreed with that pastor on, but this is something that has stuck with me.

My highest allegiance is to humanity as a whole. (I said above, I don’t believe in God, but I do believe in working to help people.)

This is followed by my allegiance to the Constitution of the United States, to which I swore an oath when I started this job. 

After that comes my family and my own needs. 

Lastly comes career concerns and my work, to the extent it’s separate from the first two. 

(And most importantly--illegal and immoral orders are to be refused as such. This hasn’t been a problem to date, but it’s something I will keep an eye out for forever.)

4) I’m no good to anyone dead, burned out, or in a hospital.

This is to remind myself that my chronic health problems are not just an excuse to keep from fighting the fight--they can (and, one day, likely will) completely remove me from being productive, and so I have to do what I can to keep them at bay.  I may always feel like I should do more for the above points (and am always open to suggestions!), but it’s imperative I take care of myself as well.  

(Of course, I also can’t let them be an excuse that keeps me from doing anything either.) 

5) I create, not just consume.

One way to push back on the psychiatric problems might be to engage in actual creation.  I’ve been working on liqueurs, and I quite enjoy that (though it can be a smidge pricey).  So, here is my one resolution--find time every week to work on creating something, whether it is writing, making liqueurs, or acting as a bartender to friends during a party.  (Cooking an involved dinner will count too; instant noodles will not.)  

I made limoncello awhile back, and shared it with friends.  The happiness from it was amazing and filled me with warmth.  (I recommend trying it!)

I’m not making these commitments to try to say “look at me, look how good I am!” It’s instead a self-conscious way to make myself try to live by them.  (In the jargon of my field--I’m tying my hands by making public commitments, imposing reputational costs on myself if I fail.) Please let me know if I fail. 

And, a reminder to anyone else:

0) Racists, sexists, xenophobes, homophobes, transphobes, anti-Semites, Islamophobes, dominionists, white supremacists, MRAs, MTGOWs, gamergaters, alt-righters, and any others that want to maintain current inequitable hierarchies can fuck right off.  

[kittenpajamasmomma-blog]

Black Lives Matter - MKE

The Black Lives Matter movement began back in 2013 after the death of a Trayvon Martin (black) and the acquittal of his accused murderer, George Zimmerman (white). It was soon after Zimmerman’s acquittal and release that an activist took to Facebook posting, “I continue to be surprised at how little Black lives matter,” she wrote, “[S]top giving up on black life.” the BLM phrase was coined on that day, bringing awareness to the unequal and racist actions towards the Black community. However, it would not be until the following year, after the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, MO, that this social movement would be internationally popularized. Michael Brown was an unarmed black teenager who was shot and killed by a white police officer. His death was the catalyst to the Black Lives Matter movement that still is in action today.

(Baptiste, 2017).

BLM movement is so widely spread that it is no longer just a single cohesive movement. Rather, it is made up of several movements in locally based groups with different leaders. Because of this, I chose to focus in on my own city’s BLM movement in Milwaukee, WI. Milwaukee has a rich and deep rooted Black community history. Today, it still is referred to as the most segregated city in America. While there has been social progression in racial equality, Milwaukee clearly still has a long way to go. 

When scrolling through the Black Lives Matter - MKE page, I came upon a short film discussing the popular issue with wanting to ignore racism. Essentially the film tackled this controversial statement: “We (whites) shouldn’t be blamed or have to apologize for racists actions our ancestors committed.” This seems to be a popular white privileged stance. We feel attacked and become defensive when non whites (Blacks in this specific case) want to discuss their unequal treatment. Apologies are not being sought, just equality across all races. 

The short movie on the BLM - MKE page used a very easy to grasp metaphor for the reason for racial inequality against Blacks in the US today. Simply put, imagine a chess board that was set up by our ancestors. The white side has extra queens and rooks, while the black side is not given the same advantages. It is not the white sides fault for this, but when the black side asks for the game to be set up equally, the white side refuses to give up their power pieces. I think this is the perfect way to describe the current racial inequality seen in the Black community. Whites may not be owning slaves or outwardly showing racism, but it is within the holding back of rights which give certain advantages that keeps white privileged alive and well today. That is why Black Lives Matter is a necessary movement. To bring attention to the racial issues that most would like to ignore to keep the balance of power tipped in the White favor. 

I wasn’t able to embed the movie I referred to in this post. However, here’s a link to the BLM - MKE page. You will be able to find it on there:

https://www.facebook.com/BLMMKE/

Work Cited:

Baptiste, N. (2017, February 09). The Rise and Resilience of Black Lives Matter. Retrieved December 06, 2017, from https://www.thenation.com/article/origins-of-a-movement/

Black Lives Matter Milwaukee. (n.d.). Retrieved December 06, 2017, from https://www.facebook.com/BLMMKE/

Photo Credits:

Black Lives Matter Milwaukee. (n.d.). Retrieved December 06, 2017, from https://www.google.com/search?biw=1517&bih=735&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=N1AoWq2MBsmfjwTh4I-4Cw&q=black lives matter milwaukee&oq=black lives matter milwaukee&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0j0i8i30k1l2j0i24k1l2.100441.105434.0.105569.30.19.1.8.8.0.171.2074.10j9.19.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..2.28.2163...0i67k1j0i30k1.0.UUqOwhnt1yY#imgrc=BFa-gFDpl1p8ZM

Color Blindness is a Real Problem. (n.d.). Retrieved December 06, 2017, from https://www.google.com/search?biw=1517&bih=681&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=YE0oWpbwCKXLjwTr6ImgCg&q=ignore racism&oq=ignore rac&gs_l=psy-ab.3.0.0.8263.11706.0.12897.11.10.0.0.0.0.115.832.7j2.10.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..1.9.828.0..0i67k1j0i8i30k1j0i24k1j0i10i24k1.178.6Qp_42bacdU#imgrc=hguKDgXUbppmSM:

Ferguson Michael Brown. (n.d.). Retrieved December 06 , 2017, from https://www.google.com/search?biw=1517&bih=735&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=1U8oWrOCFaSmjwSg1YWgBw&q=ferguson michael brown&oq=ferguson &gs_l=psy-ab.3.0.0i67k1l4j0l6.88265.94235.0.95525.19.11.6.2.2.0.128.990.9j2.11.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.19.1065...0i10k1j0i13k1.0.8BjPzBcSiAE

[loudlytransparenttrash]

Are Blacks Being Unfairly Targeted?

The media have relentlessly fanned the flames of racial hatred, while engaging in a systematic pattern of misinformation and blatant suppression of facts surrounding the perpetrators and victims of crime. As a result, so-called “criminal justice reform” is now being proposed to release more criminals from prisons, supposedly to “make amends” for the unjust “mass incarceration” of black men.

The figures come quickly but are never subjected to the necessary scrutiny. For example, the George Soros-funded ProPublica published a claim that black youths are killed by the police at a rate 21 times higher than white youths. Mass media parroted that claim, but here’s the problem: The report only looked at just 1.2 percent of police departments nationwide, and only focused on reports from urban areas where the population is disproportionately black. 

CNN’s Marc Lamont Hill, a racial agitator fired by Fox News for defending cop-killers, spread another misleading statistic about police shootings, claiming that “Every 28 hours, an unarmed black person is killed by police.” This too was trumpeted in the media. It became a twitter hashtag, “#every28hours,” along with another false and deceiving mantra like “hands up, don’t shoot.” So how did they come up with this bogus stat that ultimately sparked Black Lives Matter? 

They cited 313 unarmed blacks who were killed not only by police, but also security guards and other “vigilantes” in 2012. Dividing 313 into the number of hours in a year yields 28. However, 177 of these “unarmed black persons” were actually armed with firearms. That leaves 136. Others such as Michael Brown were shot after attacking an officer and trying to steal his gun. Many more were not the result of shootings but accidents such as during car chases. Finally, not all of the shooters were police at all. When the hyperbole is removed, the facts present a much more reasonable explanation. Barring a small number of tragic cases, police shootings are usually justified. Proving combined with false statistics and false accounts of black shootings, BLM was founded on lies and continues to exist on this basis. 

Let’s look at the other side now. In 2013 alone, 49,851 officers were assaulted with firearms, knives and other weapons. On average, 150 police officers have been killed in the line of duty every year. These include being shot, stabbed, strangled or beaten. Of the several hundred officers feloniously killed in the past decade, 46 percent of the perpetrators were black, despite them representing only 13 percent of the population. Do we call this a black war against the police?

Critics argue that blacks making up 40 percent of the U.S. prison populations is direct evidence of institutional racism. In a color-blind society, they argue, incarcerated black populations would reflect their 13 percent share of the general population. However, if black crime rates were the guide, it would seem that blacks are if anything underrepresented in prison populations. Blacks murdered a thousand more people than any other race in 2013 and in prior years it was actually much worse, despite making up 13 percent of America. 

In 2007, the CDC broke out total homicide numbers and rates by age and race. The murder rate among blacks is similar to the rates in some of the most violent third-world nations. No other racial or ethnic group comes close. Note that for 20 to 24-year-olds, the murder rate among blacks (109.4/100,000) is 17 times higher than the rate for whites (6.4/100,000). Among 15 to 19-year-olds, it is over 20 times higher. The average for all ages is 13 times higher.

Also, black-on-white crime is substantially greater than the reverse. Black-on-white murder is more than double the rate of white-on-black murder (409 to 189). Similar results were found for 2012, 2011, 2010 and prior years. If these rates were to hold, and the roles were reversed i.e, if blacks represented 64 percent of the population while whites comprised only 13 percent, black-on-white murder would have exceeded 2,000 killings in 2013, while white-on-black murder would have resulted in only 39 deaths. Finally, in the other categories of violent crime - rape, robbery and aggravated assault - blacks consistently committed a staggering disproportion of the total (40 percent while making up just 13 percent of the population) in 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010. 

So the disproportionate arrests, incarcerations and shootings of blacks should come as no surprise. Their 40 percent representation among the prison population fairly reflects the proportion of crimes committed by blacks in the U.S. This is not evidence of institutional racism, but rather a social pathology evident within the black community. They have been committing crimes at the highest rate by far of any racial/ethnic group for decades. Black activists argue that it does not give a true reflection when you point out more whites are shot by police but they all of a sudden stop caring about race and population proportions when it exposes the epidemic of black crime. 

In recent years, blacks have committed unspeakably heinous acts against whites and other racial/ethnic groups. I made a post last month showing that in just the first five months of this year alone, only 7 blacks were killed by whites, most of them were committed by white girlfriends, while over 130 whites were killed by blacks in the same time.

And yet, we are told that white people are the violent, deadly ones that all minorities have to live in fear of. Grade school kids, especially in inner city neighborhoods are subjected to anti-white racist indoctrination. Students from Booker T. Washington Middle School in Baltimore attended an event titled “Re-Claim, Re-Pair, Re-Form, Re-Produce - REPARATIONS Now!” at Morgan State University. Louis Farrakhan was the keynote speaker. He called whites crackers and told the audience: “As long as they kill us and go to Wendy’s and have a burger and go to sleep, they’ll keep killing us. But when we die and they die, then soon we’re going to sit at a table and talk about it! We’re tired! We want some of this earth or we’ll tear this goddamn country up!” 

There also dozens of college curriculum, as you have will have noticed in my college posts, that focuses on the horrors of white people and their annual “White Privilege Conferences” which teaches white people to come together to express their hatred of themselves and come up with ways to please and earn a pet on the head by their minority victims who they are oppressing and torturing by merely existing. White people have become so disgusted and ashamed of themselves, when they’re the ones being wiped off the face of the planet. 

[aicelab]

DropShipping on all channels: More sales through multi-channel distribution

DropShipping is clearly one of the most innovative trading models in modern e-commerce and is associated with almost countless advantages. In addition, however, there is the possibility of giving your own web shop a huge turbo based on DropShipping, which allows sales to skyrocket. We are talking about so-called multi-channel sales. The following article describes the concrete advantages of DropShipping and how you can use sales via many different channels and platforms.

DropShipping: The trading model for bright minds

Self-employment is a great thing and online trading is an excellent way to successfully set up your own business within a short period of time. The barriers to entry are comparatively low, special professional qualifications are not required, the necessary technical infrastructure is freely available and the entire sector is still characterised by its stable growth even after years. In other words, e-commerce is the ideal field of activity if you are fed up with being bossed around and exploited as a dependent employee or if you are looking for a way out of unemployment. However, there is a small catch: the establishment of an Internet company in this area unfortunately requires start-up capital.

The money is needed to buy merchandise. After all, if you want to earn something, you have to offer products for sale to the visitors of your shop. And that’s not all: The purchased items also have to be stored. If you place an order, you will need professional packaging material. And if you don’t want to deal personally with the tiresome and strenuous packing of parcels and packages, then you will also need additional staff.

Notice anything? While we merely set up the absolute basic structure of a web shop, we spend huge sums on goods, storage space, packaging material and personnel. You will need this money even before the first euro of turnover has entered your pocket. In other words, only those who already have money can once again take advantage of the great opportunities offered by e-commerce, while the less privileged are looking down the tubes.

But before you throw in your towel and melt away in self-pity, we would rather offer you an exciting and interesting way out of the dilemma described above. Online trading actually works without seed capital. This is the case when you use the DropShipping trading model.

Here the offered products are not bought in advance by you. You simply stay with your supplier, who stores the goods for you and even sends them to the end customers. Of course, you only have to pay when an order has really been placed in your shop and you have already taken your customer’s money. You don’t need any stock, no warehouse, no packing material and no personnel. The only thing that is required is your wise head and your decision to want to succeed as an independent online retailer.

Comparison of sales concepts: versatility pays off

Apropos success: DropShipping itself is a great thing. I can do better than that. You have the possibility to give your web shop a turbo from the start that is worth seeing. The most important keyword in this context is multi-channel sales. And what this is all about, let’s have a look together.

Imagine an online retailer who reaches a certain number of potential customers through his shop. Some of these consumers decide to buy from our shop operator and thus ensure a stable monthly turnover. Let’s assume in our example that the retailer achieves a turnover of 10,000 euros each month with the sales in his own shop. So the business model is successful and over time our entrepreneur begins to think about how to increase his success. In stationary trading, that would be quite simple now. Whoever notices here that he is successful with his shop simply opens another shop at another location. If this also runs, then further branches follow until a real chain has been created at some point.

“Great,” we hear you say, literally. You can forget about the chain on the Internet. After all, there are neither different cities nor different streets or shopping centres on the net. But are you sure that’s really true? Aren’t platforms like eBay or Amazon to be regarded as a kind of shopping mall and don’t you as a merchant have the possibility to sell your goods there? Of course I am! The Internet also provides the opportunity for you to offer your goods via different platforms at the same time and thus to become a chain store in a certain way. By the way, the special advantage of this multi-channel concept is that you can open your virtual branches as drop shipping dealers without renting shops or hiring personnel. On the Internet, all this works simply with a click of the mouse.

Let’s take a look at some of the platforms that can be used to generate additional revenues on the Internet. Maybe you will discover one or the other suggestion for your own business. We wish you every success in your endeavours.

» Your own shop

Don’t be surprised if we start this listing with your own shop. After all, it is the centre of all your business activities and therefore deserves special attention. Your shop is where all the threads come together. From here you control all activities, plan new campaigns and slowly but surely conquer the markets with your offers and products. For this reason, you should never neglect your own shop and keep in mind that it is by far the most important of all sales platforms.

When you start to use other platforms and channels, your goal should always be to transfer the customers gained there to your own shop as quickly as possible. Firstly, only here is a really effective customer loyalty possible and secondly, selling in your own shop does not cost you any additional fees.

» eBay, Amazon & Co.

Especially at the beginning of your career as an independent online retailer, your customers are not exactly running into your virtual doors. After all, hardly any consumer knows you so far and it just takes some time until you are so well known that consumers come to you all by themselves. Until then, you have to help a little bit and this succeeds particularly simply by the well-known market giants like eBay or Amazon.

Millions of customers are already waiting here for attractive products, and for you as a retailer, placing offers there is child’s play. In addition to the two mentioned, there are, by the way, many other marketplaces on the Internet. Depending on the product area and target group, it may be worthwhile for you to look for alternatives to eBay and Amazon when it comes to multi-channel sales.

» The social networks

The social networks interest you so far only privately or you use them exclusively to advertise your web shop? That’s all well and good and certainly a start. But there’s much more to it than that. You have the opportunity to use social platforms such as Facebook to sell articles directly from here. In principle, there are two forms of settlement.

Either you promote an offer only in the network and direct interested customers in case of a click directly to a suitable landing page in your own shop, or you use an integrated solution, where, for example, on Facebook you directly represent the complete buying process within the social network. It does not matter which concrete path you ultimately choose. The main thing is that you actively use the social networks not only to advertise your products, but also to sell them directly.

» The powerful affiliate networks

Do you know it? You surf the Internet and come across extremely popular and well-attended sites where your target group is exactly what you are looking for. And you are annoyed that you cannot simply place your offers there. Can’t you? Of course it is. Affiliate makes it possible. Many successful site operators make their pages available within affiliate networks. For a commission, you are granted the right to market your own offers on external sites.

In contrast to classical advertising, this approach is risk-free, since you only pay something when it actually comes to a sale. This makes Affiliate a fantastic way to get your business going, especially in the start-up phase, and more or less generate stable sales from day one. The handling is very simple. Search the Internet for affiliate networks. The model is explained comprehensibly on the corresponding pages.

» Price search engines as sales boosters

“Stinginess is horny.” This is how the shopping mentality of many consumers can be described very accurately. The modern Internet customer is always concerned about his advantage and would like to buy gladly with the cheapest offerer. On the other hand, people are also comfortable and shy away from visiting countless shops on their own in order to compare prices on their own. Instead, the savers prefer to use special price search engines. All you have to do here is enter the desired product and within an instant you will receive a list of the cheapest suppliers.

If you are not represented here with your offers, then the particularly price-conscious consumers will get through your fingers. So there is much to suggest that you should also include price search engines in your multi-channel offensive. Here you have to register in order to be listed with your products. In the case of clicks or sales, certain fees then apply.

Sometimes a lot helps a lot. This is particularly true with regard to the simultaneous use of many sales channels. DropShipping is particularly successful at the first attempt when a retailer is guided by the experience of successful entrepreneurs. Therefore you should learn our Success story from practice I’ve never known.

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source https://dropit.studio/business/dropshipping-on-all-channels-more-sales-through-multi-channel-distribution/

[cladeymoore]

Responding to Firefox 0-days in the wild

On Thursday, May 30, over a dozen Coinbase employees received an email purporting to be from Gregory Harris, a Research Grants Administrator at the University of Cambridge. This email came from the legitimate Cambridge domain, contained no malicious elements, passed spam detection, and referenced the backgrounds of the recipients. Over the next couple weeks, similar emails were received. Nothing seemed amiss.

On June 17 at 6:31am, Gregory Harris sent another email, but this one was different. It contained a URL that, when opened in Firefox, would install malware capable of taking over someone’s machine.

Coinbase Security quickly discovered that these emails were anything but ordinary — they were all part of a sophisticated, highly targeted, thought out attack that used spear phishing/social engineering tactics and, most importantly, two Firefox 0-day vulnerabilities.

Within a matter of hours, Coinbase Security detected and blocked the attack. Here’s how it unfolded.

The exploit

There were two separate 0-days chained together in this attack, one that allowed an attacker to escalate privileges from JavaScript on a page to the browser (CVE-2019–11707) and one that allowed the attacker to escape the browser sandbox and execute code on the host computer (CVE-2019–11708). CVE-2019–11707 was simultaneously discovered by Samuel Groß of Google’s Project Zero and the attacker. Based on significant differences in the way the attacker, a group we track as CRYPTO-3 and is also referred to as HYDSEVEN, chose to trigger the vulnerability versus the trigger used by the Project Zero PoC, we do not believe that the attacker acquired the exploit from either Mozilla or Google but independently discovered the vulnerability. Samuel Groß goes into more detail about why this is the case here.

The second exploit, CVE-2019–11708, is also very interesting. While the core vulnerability has been present in Firefox for quite a while, the way this attacker chose to trigger the vulnerability has only been possible since May 12. This indicates a very rapid discovery-to-weaponization cycle on the part of the attacker (or whoever the attacker acquired the 0-day from). When reviewing the actual exploit code, there are a number of notable features. First, while the delivery of the 0-day was highly targeted (it was only delivered to about 5 individuals out of the 200 initially targeted), there was no effort to obfuscate the JavaScript itself. When reviewing the code, we noted that it was well structured.

Functions and variables have descriptive names, and the code is broken into reasonable functional units. Overall, it feels like the work of a group that has significant experience developing exploits.

The setup

Once the attackers had this initial capability, they turned their attention to the delivery method. They compromised or created two email accounts and created a landing page at the University of Cambridge, and on May 28 registered the domain used to deliver the exploit. We don’t know when the attackers first gained access to the Cambridge accounts, or whether the accounts were taken over or created. As others have noted, the identities associated with the email accounts have almost no online presence and the LinkedIn profiles are almost certainly fake. Cambridge provides its staff with the ability to host personal files under the Cambridge domain. Once the attackers had access to the accounts in question, they prepared a series of pages by cloning and modifying existing Cambridge University pages and making them available in the personal storage directories of the attacker-controlled accounts.

The attack

The first phishing emails began on May 30. The first emails to go out contained no malicious elements (the link in the below screenshot did not contain any malicious code).

The attackers went through a qualification process and multiple rounds of emails with potential victims, making sure they were high-payoff targets before they directed victims to the page containing the exploit payload. This process commonly spanned weeks and only about 2.5% of the people who received the initial emails ended up receiving a link to the page hosting the 0-day. The attackers did a good job of creating a sense that the victims were talking to legitimate people using several techniques. Compromised academic emails allowed them to avoid any email filtering or common spam detection, and by spreading the communication out, the attackers modeled normal human behavior. The contents of the email referenced real academic events and were narrowly targeted at the backgrounds of the individuals being phished.

Once the attackers had qualified a target, they sent a separate link containing the exploit payload. Stage one of this attack first identified the operating system and browser, and displayed a convincing error to macOS users who were not currently using Firefox, instructing them to install the latest version from Mozilla. After visiting the page in Firefox, the exploit code was delivered from a separate domain, analyticsfit[.]com, which was registered on May 28. The exploit payload used CVE-2019–11707 and CVE-2019–11708 to gain arbitrary code execution as the user. The attacker’s shellcode then shelled out a curl command to download and run a stage 1 implant. The stage 1 implant (07a4e04ee8b4c8dc0f7507f56dc24db00537d4637afee43dbb9357d4d54f6ff4) pulled down by the shellcode was 32-bit, which causes macOS to pop up a warning that 32-bit execution is being deprecated. The stage 1 binary was a variant of the Netwire family. While this implant is capable of acting as a fully-featured RAT, the attackers seem to use it mostly as an initial recon and credential theft payload. We detected the attacker at this stage, based on a number of behaviors (e.g. Firefox shouldn’t spawn a shell). After exfiltration of recon data and a basic pillage of obvious credential stores (.ssh, .aws, .gpg, keychain, etc) and document formats, followed by a delay indicative of human involvement, the stage 1 payload is used to bootstrap a stage 2 payload (97200b2b005e60a1c6077eea56fc4bb3e08196f14ed692b9422c96686fbfc3ad). The stage 2 payload is a variant of the Mokes family. The attackers seem to use this implant as a full-fledged RAT. We’ve observed activity of the stage 2 implant consistent with direct human control. Our assumption is that stage 1 only advances to stage 2 where the attackers believe they have landed on a host of value. We have also observed the attackers specifically target cloud services, e.g. gmail and others, via browser session token theft via direct access to browser datastores. This activity also offers the opportunity for behavior-based detection, as relatively few processes should be directly accessing those files.

Our response

We began investigating this incident based on both a report from an employee and automated alerts. First, we examined the employee’s machine in our endpoint detection and response tooling. Looking at recent process activity, Firefox shelling out to curl stood out immediately. The response team spun up an incident and first tried to determine the scope of the attack. We collected IOCs from the host in question and started hunting broadly in our network. We did not see any of the IOCs anywhere else in our environment, and blacklisted all the IOCs that we had at that time. Simultaneously, we collected samples, including capturing the 0-day, from the phishing site while it was still live and the attackers were likely unaware of our response. We also revoked all credentials that were on the machine, and locked all the accounts belonging to the affected employee. Once we were comfortable that we had achieved containment in our environment, we reached out to the Mozilla security team and shared the exploit code used in this attack. The Mozilla security team was highly responsive and was able to have a patch out for CVE-2019–11707 by the next day and CVE-2019–11708 in the same week.

We also reached out to Cambridge University to assist in securing their infrastructure and to collect more information about the attacker’s behavior. As a result, we were able to quickly degrade the attacker’s ability to continue their campaign and learn more about the scope of the campaign. We learned that over 200 individuals were targeted by this attacker, and identified the organizations employing these individuals so that we could reach out and give their security teams the information they needed to secure their infrastructure and protect their employees.

We were able to defend ourselves from this attack due to our security-first culture at Coinbase, complete deployment of our detection and response tooling, clear and well-practiced playbooks, and the ability to rapidly revoke access. The cryptocurrency industry has to expect attacks of this sophistication to continue, and by building infrastructure with excellent defensive posture, and working with each other to share information about the attacks we’re seeing, we’ll be able to defend ourselves and our customers, support the cryptoeconomy, and build the open financial system of the future.

Coinbase will continue to face tough security challenges in the future and meet them head on. If you’re interested in being a part of the security team here at Coinbase, check out some of the available positions on our careers page.

This website contains links to third-party websites or other content for information purposes only (“Third-Party Sites”). The Third-Party Sites are not under the control of Coinbase, Inc., and its affiliates (“Coinbase”), and Coinbase is not responsible for the content of any Third-Party Site, including without limitation any link contained in a Third-Party Site, or any changes or updates to a Third-Party Site. Coinbase is not responsible for webcasting or any other form of transmission received from any Third-Party Site. Coinbase is providing these links to you only as a convenience, and the inclusion of any link does not imply endorsement, approval or recommendation by Coinbase of the site or any association with its operators.

Responding to Firefox 0-days in the wild was originally published in The Coinbase Blog on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

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[rpatools]

The world truly needs a reliable digital currency and infrastructure that together can deliver on the promise of “the internet of money.”

Securing your financial assets on your mobile device should be simple and intuitive. Moving money around globally should be as easy and cost-effective as — and even more safe and secure than — sending a text message or sharing a photo, no matter where you live, what you do, or how much you earn. New product innovation and additional entrants to the ecosystem will enable the lowering of barriers to access and cost of capital for everyone and facilitate frictionless payments for more people.

Now is the time to create a new kind of digital currency built on the foundation of blockchain technology. The mission for Libra is a simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people. Libra is made up of three parts that will work together to create a more inclusive financial system:

It is built on a secure, scalable, and reliable blockchain;

It is backed by a reserve of assets designed to give it intrinsic value;

It is governed by the independent Libra Association tasked with evolving the ecosystem.

The Libra currency is built on the “Libra Blockchain.” Because it is intended to address a global audience, the software that implements the Libra Blockchain is open source — designed so that anyone can build on it, and billions of people can depend on it for their financial needs. Imagine an open, interoperable ecosystem of financial services that developers and organizations will build to help people and businesses hold and transfer Libra for everyday use. With the proliferation of smartphones and wireless data, increasingly more people will be online and able to access Libra through these new services. To enable the Libra ecosystem to achieve this vision over time, the blockchain has been built from the ground up to prioritize scalability, security, efficiency in storage and throughput, and future adaptability. Keep reading for an overview of the Libra Blockchain, or read the technical paper.

The unit of currency is called “Libra.” Libra will need to be accepted in many places and easy to access for those who want to use it. In other words, people need to have confidence that they can use Libra and that its value will remain relatively stable over time. Unlike the majority of cryptocurrencies, Libra is fully backed by a reserve of real assets. A basket of bank deposits and short-term government securities will be held in the Libra Reserve for every Libra that is created, building trust in its intrinsic value. The Libra Reserve will be administered with the objective of preserving the value of Libra over time. Keep reading for an overview of Libra and the reserve, or read more here.

The Libra Association is an independent, not-for-profit membership organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The association’s purpose is to coordinate and provide a framework for governance for the network and reserve and lead social impact grant-making in support of financial inclusion. This white paper is a reflection of its mission, vision, and purview. The association’s membership is formed from the network of validator nodes that operate the Libra Blockchain.

Members of the Libra Association will consist of geographically distributed and diverse businesses, nonprofit and multilateral organizations, and academic institutions. The initial group of organizations that will work together on finalizing the association’s charter and become “Founding Members” upon its completion are, by industry:

Payments: Mastercard, PayPal, PayU (Naspers’ fintech arm), Stripe, Visa

Technology and marketplaces: Booking Holdings, eBay, Facebook/Calibra, Farfetch, Lyft, MercadoPago, Spotify AB, Uber Technologies, Inc.

Telecommunications: Iliad, Vodafone Group

Blockchain: Anchorage, Bison Trails, Coinbase, Inc., Xapo Holdings Limited

Venture Capital: Andreessen Horowitz, Breakthrough Initiatives, Ribbit Capital, Thrive Capital, Union Square Ventures

Nonprofit and multilateral organizations, and academic institutions: Creative Destruction Lab, Kiva, Mercy Corps, Women’s World Banking

We hope to have approximately 100 members of the Libra Association by the target launch in the first half of 2020.

Facebook teams played a key role in the creation of the Libra Association and the Libra Blockchain, working with the other Founding Members. While final decision-making authority rests with the association, Facebook is expected to maintain a leadership role through 2019. Facebook created Calibra, a regulated subsidiary, to ensure separation between social and financial data and to build and operate services on its behalf on top of the Libra network.

Once the Libra network launches, Facebook, and its affiliates, will have the same commitments, privileges, and financial obligations as any other Founding Member. As one member among many, Facebook’s role in governance of the association will be equal to that of its peers.

Blockchains are described as either permissioned or permissionless in relation to the ability to participate as a validator node. In a “permissioned blockchain,” access is granted to run a validator node. In a “permissionless blockchain,” anyone who meets the technical requirements can run a validator node. In that sense, Libra will start as a permissioned blockchain.

To ensure that Libra is truly open and always operates in the best interest of its users, our ambition is for the Libra network to become permissionless. The challenge is that as of today we do not believe that there is a proven solution that can deliver the scale, stability, and security needed to support billions of people and transactions across the globe through a permissionless network. One of the association’s directives will be to work with the community to research and implement this transition, which will begin within five years of the public launch of the Libra Blockchain and ecosystem.

Essential to the spirit of Libra, in both its permissioned and permissionless state, the Libra Blockchain will be open to everyone: any consumer, developer, or business can use the Libra network, build products on top of it, and add value through their services. Open access ensures low barriers to entry and innovation and encourages healthy competition that benefits consumers. This is foundational to the goal of building more inclusive financial options for the world.

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[gyrlversion]

Here’s Why Airplane Boarding Got So Ridiculous

Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images

On a recent Delta flight, I discovered I had been demoted.

Until this January, Delta boarding included a “Sky Priority” phase that put frequent flyers in the two middle tiers (“Platinum Medallion” and “Gold Medallion”) of Delta’s four-tier elite flyer program together with passengers sitting in extra-legroom “Comfort+” seats at the front of the coach cabin. But, since January, the Comfort+ passengers have been allowed go before the mid-tier Medallion passengers like me, which means I often have to board later than I was used to.

Rough, right?

Of course, it wasn’t always this complicated. I am an old millennial, old enough to remember that airplanes used to be boarded from back to front. People needing special assistance and first class got to board first, but after that, you filed in based on your row number. That’s all changed, for two reasons, both of which can be thought of as technological advancements of sorts.

One thing that happened was that airlines discovered that boarding by row in reverse numerical order, while intuitive, is one of the slowest possible ways to board an airplane, because people bunch up trying to use the same bins and squeeze into the same rows at once. Even boarding in a random order is about 30 percent faster than boarding the old-fashioned way.

But there’s no need to be strictly random. If airlines don’t need to board back to front, they might as well hand out early boarding in a way that helps them make more money. As I’ll discuss below, they have increasingly settled on a boarding order driven by social stratification, but if you look back at the coverage of the first wave of boarding changes, airlines were focused on a different imperative: finding the fastest possible boarding method, so planes can spend less time at gates and more time in the air, making money.

They might have stuck with that aim if it weren’t for the other change, which has to do with the fight for overhead bin space. The size of these bins has become insufficient for a few reasons. The first was that luggage makers rolled out (see what I did there?) much more maneuverable mid-size suitcases that could fit in an overhead bin. These better suitcases, combined with airlines’ introduction of checked bag fees, led travelers to start carrying more luggage on board the plane. Airline consolidation, a strong economy, and lessons learned from past bankruptcies have led to restrained growth in airline capacity and fuller aircraft, with fewer seats (and less bin space) to spare.

These effects have combined to mean passengers try to bring more luggage on board planes than can actually fit in the overhead bins and underneath seats, which means late-boarding passengers are at risk of having their bags gate-checked, thus imposing the dreaded wait at the baggage claim to retrieve a bag. (I will never forget the look my then-boss gave me at the Tampa airport on my very first business trip, when she briefly came under the mistaken impression that I had checked a suitcase and we would have to wait for it at baggage claim.) Because of this competition for scarce luggage storage space, passengers are not indifferent about when they board the plane, and place a high value on being allowed to board first.

So, airlines have begun slicing the boarding order more and more thinly, boarding customers approximately in the order of their value to the airline: First the premium cabins, then those customers who paid extra for better seats in the main cabin, then customers who fly the airline a lot, then customers who fly the airline pretty often, then normal people, and finally people who bought “basic economy” tickets that come with a bargain price in exchange for a willingness to be degraded. In order to apply these fine distinctions, United boards in six groups, while American and Delta each have ten.

In recent years, American and Delta have had to rename their boarding groups to fix an absurdity: American had a “Group 1” and Delta had a “Zone 1,” but these groups did not in fact board first, but were behind various more-privileged boarding groups, from first-class passengers to high-frequency flyers to those who had purchased extra-legroom seats. Often, “Zone 1” meant about half the passengers on the plane got to board before you, which doesn’t feel very number one at all.

So, American gave all its boarding groups numbers, even the premium ones, and “Group 1” became “Group 5.” Citibank had to send an email to American co-brand cardholders telling them they’d now be boarding in “Group 5,” but that this wasn’t a demotion because they’d really been in the fifth group all along. Actually, “Group 5” is the sixth group — American still allows its most elite Concierge Key fliers to board before “Group 1,” as a sort of Group 0 — but who’s counting? (Just kidding: These people are definitely counting.)

Delta added a qualifier to its numbers, renaming “Zone 1” to “Main Cabin 1,” emphasizing that passengers in it are first among a specific kind of ticketholder but not first overall. But even that name still isn’t quite accurate: Elite flyers at the Gold Medallion level and higher board ahead of Main Cabin 1, even if they are in fact sitting in the main cabin.

Darren Murph, who covers Delta for The Points Guy, writes that “Delta’s dogged collection of passenger and employee feedback has shown that people prefer boarding in groups that feel more exclusive.” I suspect there was another factor behind the decision to break boarding into even more groups: that Medallion passengers were ignoring the “Reserved for Comfort+ Passengers” signage inside the overhead bins, and sticking their huge bags in bins over Comfort+ rows before stepping back to their actual seats farther back in the main cabin. Letting Comfort+ board first increases the odds these passengers will get the premium bin space they paid for.

All of this ultrastratification is kind of annoying. But I think it is possible that we won’t need super-thin-sliced boarding forever, or at least we won’t need to care about it very much, because of some additional technological advances that are working their way into the air travel system that could make boarding order as unimportant as it once was.

One advancement is new: bigger overhead bins that have room for all the crap we carry on board now. Delta has installed these on much of its fleet — suitcases fit sideways, so more can fit in each bin, and more can fit on the plane overall.

Baggage handling also seems to be getting better. Maybe this is a consequence of the practice of charging for checked bags: Airlines need to show customers they’re getting value for what they paid. Delta even allows me to track my bag from my phone and guarantees delivery to the baggage claim within 20 minutes of arrival, or else I get extra frequent flyer miles. I now find that when I check a bag, it often gets to the baggage claim before I do.

Bag fees of course are still a disincentive to check luggage, but — as you can see from all the passengers lining up to board in the earliest groups — many flyers are eligible to check a bag for free because of their airline status, or their ticket type, or what credit card they carry, and so making luggage check less of a pain could encourage a lot more customers to use it.

All of which is to say, we may have a future where overhead bin space is no longer scarce, and customers can be reasonably sure they’ll have a spot for the bag they brought — and also reasonably indifferent to the possibility that a gate agent might seize the bag and put it in the hold.

But for now, I am adopting a different strategy.

Instead of a roll-aboard suitcase, I’ve started using a soft-sided duffel bag, along with a backpack, for trips of five days or less. Since much of the weight of a rolling suitcase is the suitcase, the duffel is surprisingly lightweight. I can sling it over my back and Citibike to Penn Station with it instead of walking or taking a car. I’m pretty sure I’ll be able to talk a gate agent into letting me carry it on, even if I’m boarding late. And if I am forced to check it, it will probably get to the baggage claim reasonably fast.

With this approach, I don’t have to sweat the boarding order too much, crowd the gatehouse, or worry that I’ll get demoted again. I can even sit back and board last.

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[lazykoalacollectionblog]

Choice Based Credit System in Higher education | New Topic

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Choice Based Credit System in Higher education | New Topic

Choice Based Credit System in Higher education

In the 7 Post blog series we have covered the entire syllabus of general paper to help students to cover important details in progressive manner so that you can easily follow them and prepare quick notes based on these.

The last  (i.e 7th )post contains the Solved MCQ papers based on question asked in previous papers.

Unit-I Teaching Aptitude Latest Syllabus 

Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.

Learner’s characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.

Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner, Support material, Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.

Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centered vs. Learner centered methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam, Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).

Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.

Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems. Covered in this article

MCQ Based on Solved Question Paper | Extensive 12 Years Solved Paper

In Indian educational system, evaluation plays a vital role between teaching and learning process. It completes several system of education like the quality control in the education system, in selection or entrance for higher grades.

In the words of Kothari Commission,” Evaluation is a continuous process, forms an integral part of the total system of education and is intimately related to educational objectives. It exercises a great influence of the pupil’s study habits and the teacher’s methods of instruction and thus helps not only to measure educational achievement but also to improve it. The techniques of evaluation are means of collection evidence about the student’s development in desirable directions.”

The Ministry of Human Resource and Development of India are in the process for New Educational Policies to develop and reform the educational system of our country.  Several steps are being taken to improve the excellence, efficiency for the Higher Education System like change in the curriculum, change in the education system, etc.

In most institutes for higher education, Semester system or percentage based evaluation system are being followed.

There’s a lot of buzz in introducing the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) in higher education for evaluation purpose.

Now, what is Choice Based Credit System?

As already mentioned above, most of the educational institutions follow marks or percentage based evaluation systems which restrict the students to take up the subject or the course of their choice.  Our educational system should be flexible that is, the student must get a choice to study his/her course/subject of interest. It can only be possible if the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) are being introduced.

The CBCS opens up many opportunities and path for the students to learn and explore not only the subject of their choice but beyond which also develops ones individual self. These courses can further be evaluated through grading system, which is considered to be better than the age old marking system. It is better if we introduce and follow the uniform grading system across India which will further help the students to move across institutions within India and across countries.

Not only it will help the students but also the potential employers to assess the performance of the candidates uniformly through evaluation system and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) based on the student’s performance in the examination. One can also check the link below and make out how UGC has made the guidelines which have to be followed.

Source UGC Guideline

We must be familiar with the structure and implementation of Choice Based Credit System (CBCS). They are as follows:

The approach should be student centric. That is, the CBCS system will permit the students to choose their choice of courses like inter or intra disciplinary courses, skill based courses, etc. It gives relaxation to students to take up the course even they are from different disciplines like a student can combine Physics with Economics likewise.

The student has the freedom to complete their course from different institutions at different period of time.  It can also transfer the points or the credit which the student gets from one institute to other.  Hence, if the CBCS system gets implemented it will be good for a student as it provides flexibility and also meet their requirement.

The students get the privilege to choose the subjects of their choice. They are being classified as different groups which allow the students to choose their choice of subjects from each group. UGC has categorized as mentioned below:

Core Course – In core course, the student have to compulsory study the core or the main subject to fulfill the requirement of the programme of that particular discipline which he/she is studying. Core courses will be there in every semester.

Elective Course – In elective course, the student can choose any paper of his/her choice. It could be :

Discipline Specific Elective Course like it will support the discipline of study with the main subject.

It could provide an extended scope for the student to study further.

It also gives the student the exposure to some other areas.

It also nurtures the student’s proficiency/skill on any particular subject.

Generic Elective

Project

Ability Enhancement Courses

Skill Enhancement Course

Foundation Course – there are two types of Foundation courses – Compulsory Foundation and Elective Foundation.

Compulsory Foundation course are content based which leads a student for their knowledge improvement. They are compulsory for all disciplines.

Elective Foundation course are based upon values which aims at man-making education.

Though UGC has given guidelines to get a degree for BA/B.Com Honours, B.Sc Honours, BA/B.Com and B.Sc the candidate must have minimum required qualification.

Semester system is followed on Choice Based Credit System (CBCS System). Two semesters are conducted in a year were a student’s performance gets evaluated and grading are done subject wise.

Various methods are followed for evaluation basis on the suitability of the course which is approved by various legislative bodies.

UGC recommends Letter Grades and Grade Point Systems to be applied in giving the grades under the CBCS System.

Letter Grades – It is based upon the allocation of marks which a student gets from his/her course and grades are given basis upon their marks or percentage.

Grade Point Systems – Here the marks are converted into grades based upon the fixed period.

Grade and Grade Points

Basis upon these the colleges or universities can use any of the methods. UGC recommends 10- point grading system with the following letter grades:

Grade and Grade Points Letter Grade Letter Grade O (Outstanding) 10 A+ (Excellent) 9 A (Very Good) 8 B+ (Good) 7 B (Above Average) 6 C (Average) 5 P (Pass) 4 F (Fail) 0 Ab (Absent)  0

  When there are large number of students CBCS system has to be implemented with online system to meet the requirements effectively. It will help the students to choose the subjects and teachers of their choice.  But, there should also be restriction that if a student fits into the eligibility criteria of the institution then only they can choose the subjects of their choice.

Through online system, the teachers would also be able to share their notes, discuss the subjects with their students, take tests, etc.

The online system should be user friendly and easy for the teachers. It should also be able to print the mark sheets as per the institutions requirements.

After the selection of the subjects by the students a time table could be generated which would help the students and the teachers to be aware of their class and subjects.

The online system also helps the teachers in taking attendance of their subjects for each student. It will decrease the work load in maintaining the register and would be easy to calculate the percentage for each student.

The system should be able to generate report as and when required. It should be programmed as per the institutions requirements like report for student’s performance, subject wise report, attendance report, etc.

The system should be able to store past records and data so that it could be easily accessible as and when required.  It would also help the institution to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of its system in future.

Computation of SGPA and CGPA

UGC recommends Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA). We can calculate the SGPA in the following manner:

It is the ratio of the sum of the product of the number of credits with the grade points which a student scored and the sum of the number of credits of all the courses which a student has  undergone, ie

SGPA (Si) = (Ci x Gi) / Ci

The CGPA is calculated taking into consideration of all the courses a student undergoes of all the semesters of the programme, ie

CGPA (Ci) = (Ci x Si) / Ci

Abbreviations:

Si-SGPA of the semester

Ci-Total number of credits in that semester

Gi-Grade point scored by the student in the course

The SGPA and CGPA shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points which come out the result of the student.

Find below is the illustrative Computation of SGPA and CGPA

Illustration of SGPA

Course Credit Grade Letter Grade Point Credit Point (Credit x Grade) Course 1 3 A 8 3 x 8 = 24 Course 2 4 B+ 7 4 x 7 = 28 Course 3 3 B 6 3 x 6 = 18 Course 4 3 O 10 3 x 10 = 30 Course 5 3 C 5 3 x 5 = 15 Course 6 4 B 4 4 x 4 = 16 20 130

Thus, SGPA = 130/20 = 6.5

Illustration of CGPA

Semester1 Semester2 Semester3 Semester4 Semester5 Semester6 Credit:20 Credit:22 Credit:25 Credit:26 Credit:26 Credit:25 SGPA:6.9 SGPA: 7.8 SGPA:5.6 SGPA:6.0 SGPA:6.3 SGPA:8.0

Thus CGPA = 20×6.9 + 22×7.8 + 25×5.6 + 26×6.0 + 26×6.3 + 25×8.0/144=6.73

Source : UGC

Transcript (Format) – Based on the above example on Letter Grades, Letter Points, SGPA, CGPA, students results are consolidated for each semester and a consolidated report are made indicating the performance of the student in all semesters.

Thus, we can say UGC and NBA have done a commendable job to make the Indian Education System as par with its global peer. We are sure, gradually with more effective measures our Indian Education System will also change.