#shoulder flexion and abduction

[darkwood-sleddog]

You had mentioned awhile back that you massage and stretch your dogs because Sig seemed to feel a little better after his soft tissue injury so you kept doing it. What kind of exercises do you do?

We do a couple basic exercises, with shoulder flexor stretches being the main one for Sigurd. They are described in THIS veterinary article along with a couple other stretches I do.

THIS chart by FitPaws is a great resource with good photo examples of each aspect of the stretch. I particularly like how they show flexion, extension, and abduction for each. Stretches of these kinds are what I do on each dog after extensive exercise since it’s very easy to do once they’re relaxed post workout. I should do it pre-workout more but it’s difficult when they’re excited.

My vet also recommended what she calls “bicycle stretches” where you slowly rotate the limb in a natural movement. We do this for Sigurd more so that the other dogs.

[anftherapy]

Brachial Plexus Anatomy! 👇🏾 Important Details Below!👇🏾

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves originating from the C5-T1 spinal nerve roots in the neck and extending into the axilla.

It comprises roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches, giving rise to various nerves that innervate the upper limb 💪🏾

Providers need to understand the anatomy of the brachial plexus, especially when treating their patients.

Brachial Plexus Anatomy: ⏩ Roots to Trunks: C5 and C6 roots merge to form the upper trunk, C7 continues as the middle trunk, and C8-T1 combine to form the lower trunk.

⏩ Divisions and Cords: Each trunk splits into anterior and posterior divisions, which recombine to form lateral, posterior, and medial cords.

Branches: ⚡ Musculocutaneous Nerve: Arises from the lateral cord, innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm and provides sensory fibres to the lateral forearm.

⚡ Median Nerve: Derived from lateral and medial cords, it supplies muscles in the anterior forearm and hand, including the thenar muscles and provides sensation to parts of the hand.

⚡ Ulnar Nerve: Originates from the medial cord, innervates muscles in the forearm and hand and provides sensation to the medial part of the hand.

⚡ Axillary Nerve: Comes from the posterior cord, innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles and supplies sensation to a small area over the shoulder.

⚡ Radial Nerve: Derived from the posterior cord, it innervates the posterior compartment muscles of the arm and forearm and provides sensory input to the posterior arm and hand.

⏩ Position-Related Injuries during Anesthesia: Improper positioning during surgeries, particularly in the neck or shoulder region, can lead to brachial plexus injuries due to compression or stretching.

⏩ Stretch Injuries - Erb's Palsy: Stretching of upper trunk (C5-C6) during childbirth or trauma can cause Erb's palsy, leading to weakness in shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, and supination.

[freeformboard]

This is a great exercise by @protom_fitness for the shoulder internal and external rotators and also the deltoids and requires a certain level of pectoral, serrates anterior and core activation as well.

An important point to add is to allow for the consequence of “failure” in any exercise and with this one, you could perform it above some sort of shelf or net that can catch the board if it slips.

Also notice that this board is locked so the internal bearing can’t rotate. This provides a greater level or rotational resistance relative to board being unlocked.

Shoulder, pec, and core force activation are required to press the board into the wall and overcome the force of gravity on the 5.5 kg board.

Apart from pure rotation there is scope here to perform small ROM flexion / extension, abduction / adduction and circumduction.

#freeformboard #shoulderrotation #shouldergirdle #shoulderstability #shoulderrehab #shoulderrehabilitation #shoulderstability #corestability #shoulderprehab #physiotherapy #physicaltherapy #fyp #bristol #bristolpt #bristolfitness

[bionicpno]

Functional Prosthetic Shoulder and Below Elbow Prosthesis Parts for BionicPNO

Introduction

BionicPNO, a leader in advanced prosthetic technology, has made significant strides in developing functional prosthetic shoulders and below-elbow prosthesis parts. These innovations mark a pivotal step in prosthetic design, offering unprecedented mobility and functionality to individuals with upper limb amputations. This article delves into the components and workings of these prostheses, highlighting their impact on the lives of users.

Functional Prosthetic Shoulder: A Leap in Prosthetic Design

The functional prosthetic shoulder by BionicPNO represents a groundbreaking advancement in prosthetic technology. This prosthetic shoulder is designed to mimic the natural movement of a human shoulder, providing a range of motion that was previously unattainable in upper limb prosthetics.

Key Features:

Anatomical Movement: The prosthetic shoulder allows for movements similar to a natural shoulder, including abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and even rotational capabilities.

Muscle Signal Control: Utilizing advanced myoelectric sensors, the prosthetic shoulder responds to muscle signals from the residual limb, enabling intuitive and seamless movement.

Customizable Fit: Each prosthetic shoulder is tailored to fit the unique anatomy of the user, ensuring maximum comfort and functionality.

Lightweight Design: The use of cutting-edge materials makes the shoulder component light, reducing the overall weight of the prosthesis and decreasing user fatigue.

Impact on Users:

The functional prosthetic shoulder significantly enhances the quality of life for users. It allows for more natural and fluid arm movements, enabling users to perform tasks that were challenging or impossible with traditional shoulder prostheses. This advancement not only improves physical capabilities but also boosts the psychological well-being of the users by restoring a sense of normalcy in their daily activities.

Below Elbow Prosthesis Parts: Precision and Control

Below elbow prosthesis parts developed by BionicPNO are engineered to offer precise control and natural-looking movements for users with forearm amputations.

Components:

Articulated Fingers: The fingers are individually powered and controlled, allowing for complex gripping and holding actions.

Palm and Wrist Unit: The palm is designed to be durable yet flexible, while the wrist unit provides rotation and flexion similar to a natural wrist.

Touch Sensitivity: Some models include touch-sensitive fingertips, providing feedback to the user about the texture and temperature of objects.

Customizable Grips: The prosthesis can be programmed with various grip patterns, tailored to the user's daily needs and activities.

User Benefits:

These advanced below elbow prosthesis parts empower users to perform delicate tasks requiring fine motor skills, such as typing, writing, or cooking. The lifelike appearance and movements of the prosthesis also play a crucial role in social interactions, helping users feel more confident and less self-conscious.

Conclusion

BionicPNO’s functional prosthetic shoulder and below elbow prosthesis parts represent a significant leap forward in prosthetic technology. These advancements not only enhance the functional capabilities of prostheses but also positively impact the lives of users by improving their independence, confidence, and overall quality of life. The integration of these advanced prosthetics is a testament to the incredible potential of modern technology in transforming the lives of individuals with limb differences.

[orthopedicsurgeonpeoriaaz]

Shoulder injuries | Davis Orthopaedics - Phoenix | Phoenix, AZ

If you experience shoulder pain that persists for more than 3 weeks, it is highly recommended that you seek medical attention. The causes of shoulder pain can worsen over time and may require surgical intervention.

The best way to keep your shoulders healthy and prevent injuries is by increasing strength and flexibility. It is important to concentrate on the correct form while performing exercises instead of focusing on the amount of weight. Poor exercise technique can cause additional damage and create more trouble. You can try exercises such as Standing Row with Resistance Bands, External Rotation with Arm Abducted, Internal and External Rotation, and Elbow Flexion and Extension.

Resting, using ice therapy, and physical therapy can help reduce swelling and prevent future injuries. If you have injured your shoulder and the aforementioned techniques are not helping improve your pain levels or range of motion, it is time to seek medical attention. Our team provides advanced orthopedic care, and we are committed to helping you get back to doing what you love.

If you have shoulder pain that persists, please see us. Orthopedic Surgeon in Phoenix AZ.

Davis Orthopaedics - Phoenix 34406 N 27th Dr, Building 6 Ste 140 (office #123) Phoenix, AZ 85085 https://phoenixboneandjoint.com/

[orthopedic-surgeon-prescott-az]

About your shoulder | Davis Orthopaedics | Prescott Valley, AZ

If you have shoulder pain and it persists for more than 2 weeks, it is recommended to seek medical attention. Causes of shoulder pain can worsen over time and may require surgical intervention.

Increasing strength and flexibility is the best way to keep your shoulders healthy and prevent injuries. It's important to focus on form rather than the amount of weight when performing exercises. Poor exercise technique can cause additional damage and create more trouble. You can try exercises like Standing Row with Resistance Bands, External Rotation with Arm Abducted, Internal and External Rotation, and Elbow Flexion and Extension.

Resting, using ice therapy, and physical therapy can help minimize swelling and prevent future injuries. If you've injured your shoulder and the above techniques aren't helping improve your pain levels or range of motion, it's time to seek medical attention. Our team provides advanced orthopedic care, and we're dedicated to helping you return to doing what you love.

If you have any questions or to schedule an appointment with Dr. Mark Davis D.O. Please call us. Orthopedic Surgeon in Prescott Valley AZ.

Davis Orthopaedics 3237 North Windsong Drive, Prescott Valley, AZ 86314 https://prescottazorthopedics.com/

[fitliferegime]

Best Back and Bicep Workout for Muscle Growth

Training your back and biceps together in the same workout is something very common in bodybuilding training routines. It doesn’t matter whether you are a beginner or an advanced gym lifter. You need a good workout routine to optimize your muscle gains. The combination of back and bicep exercise helps to increase your muscle strength and endurance in the back and bicep. Back and bicep is a muscle pairing as old as the Pull-ups, lats pull down and rows. The back muscle is the main targeted muscle in most row exercises, and the bicep and rear delt are crucial synergistic muscles. In this article, you will learn everything you need to know about  - Back And Bicep Muscle Anatomy - Why You Should Train Back and Biceps Together - How To Train Chest And Tricep Together - 12 Best Back and Bicep Exercises - Set and Reps - How To Plan A Back And Biceps Workout Routine - Workout Routine for Beginner - Workout Plan for Intermediate - Back and Bicep Superset Workout Plan - FAQs

Back And Bicep Muscle Anatomy

The back or upper posterior chain (Backside of the body) is composed of many different muscles, which include. - Trapezius -Muscles near the neck responsible for neck rotation/lateral flexion, scapular retraction/depression, shoulder stabilization, and arm rotation. - Rhomboids - Located below the traps and responsible for scapular retraction. - Latissimus Dorsi - The largest muscle of the upper body which performs the functions of adduction, extension, and horizontal abduction of the humerus.  - Erector Spinae - Muscles located along the spinal column responsible for lumbar spine function like lateral flexion, bending, and twisting. Read the full article

[technicallyhappyarcade]

How to Incorporate Shoulder Motion into Your Daily Routine

Shoulder motion refers to the various movements that can be performed by the shoulder joint, allowing for a wide range of actions and functionalities. These movements include shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. Shoulder range of motion is crucial for daily activities, sports performance, and overall upper body function. It can be affected by injuries, stiffness, or muscle imbalances. To maintain optimal shoulder function, individuals can engage in shoulder range of motion exercises and stretches. Physical therapists often use goniometry to measure and assess shoulder motion. Understanding shoulder movements and the muscles involved is essential for rehabilitating injuries and improving shoulder strength and flexibility.

[energyfitness]

Shoulder Exercises in Gym: A Comprehensive Guide by The Best Gym in Salem

Shoulder muscles are an essential component of your upper body strength, and it is crucial to exercise them regularly to maintain a healthy physique. However, not all shoulder exercises are created equal, and choosing the right ones is vital to avoid injury and achieve the desired results. In this blog post, we will explore the best shoulder exercises in gym, with a focus on Energy Fitness, the best gym in Salem, to help you get the most out of your workouts. Before we dive into the specific exercises, let's briefly discuss the anatomy of the shoulder muscles. The shoulder joint is a complex structure composed of four main muscles: the deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius, and serratus anterior. The deltoid muscle is the largest and most visible muscle in the shoulder, responsible for shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles that help stabilize the shoulder joint and rotate the arm. The trapezius muscle is located in the upper back and neck, responsible for shoulder elevation and retraction. The serratus anterior muscle is located on the side of the chest, responsible for stabilizing the shoulder blade. Now that we have a basic understanding of the shoulder muscles, let's dive into the best shoulder exercises in gym.

Overhead Press

The overhead press is a classic shoulder exercise that targets the deltoid muscles. This exercise is performed by standing with a barbell or dumbbells at shoulder level and then pressing the weight overhead. The overhead press can be done in various forms, including standing, seated, and with a variety of equipment, including barbells, dumbbells, or resistance bands. At Energy Fitness, we recommend the standing overhead press with a barbell or dumbbells. This exercise engages multiple muscle groups, including the deltoids, trapezius, and triceps, making it an effective exercise for building overall upper body strength. To perform this exercise, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and hold the barbell or dumbbells at shoulder level. Push the weight overhead, making sure to keep your core engaged and your elbows close to your body. Lower the weight back down to shoulder level and repeat.

Lateral Raises Lateral raises are another excellent shoulder exercise that targets the medial deltoid muscles, responsible for shoulder abduction. This exercise is performed by standing with dumbbells at your sides and lifting the weights out to the side until they are level with your shoulders. At Energy Fitness, we recommend lateral raises with dumbbells to help strengthen and tone your shoulder muscles. To perform this exercise, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and hold a dumbbell in each hand. Raise your arms out to the side until they are parallel to the floor, then lower them back down and repeat.

Front Raises Front raises are a great exercise for targeting the anterior deltoid muscles, responsible for shoulder flexion. This exercise is performed by standing with dumbbells at your sides and lifting the weights out in front of you until they are level with your shoulders. At Energy Fitness, we recommend front raises with dumbbells to help build strength and size in your shoulder muscles. To perform this exercise, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and hold a dumbbell in each hand. Lift the weights out in front of you until they are parallel to the floor, then lower them back down and repeat.

Rear Deltoid Fly The rear deltoid fly is a great exercise for targeting the posterior deltoid muscles, responsible for shoulder extension. This exercise is performed by standing with dumbbells and bending forward at the waist, then lifting the weights out to the side until they are level with your shoulders. At Energy Fitness, we recommend the rear deltoid fly with dumbbells to help strengthen and tone the back of your shoulder muscles. To perform this exercise, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and hold a dumbbell in each hand. Bend forward at the waist until your upper body is parallel to the floor, then lift the weights out to the side until they are level with your shoulders. Lower the weights back down and repeat.

Upright Row The upright row is a compound exercise that targets the deltoids, trapezius, and biceps. This exercise is performed by standing with a barbell or dumbbells in front of your body, then lifting the weight up to your chin while keeping your elbows high. At Energy Fitness, we recommend the upright row with a barbell or dumbbells to help build overall upper body strength. To perform this exercise, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and hold the barbell or dumbbells in front of your body. Lift the weight up to your chin while keeping your elbows high, then lower the weight back down and repeat.

Shoulder Press Machine The shoulder press machine is a great option for beginners or those with limited mobility. This exercise targets the deltoids and triceps and is performed by sitting in a machine with your back against the pad, then pushing the weight overhead. At Energy Fitness, we have a shoulder press machine available for those looking for an alternative to free weights. To perform this exercise, sit in the machine with your back against the pad and grasp the handles. Push the weight overhead, making sure to keep your core engaged and your elbows close to your body. Lower the weight back down and repeat.

Cable Face Pull The cable face pull is a great exercise for targeting the rear deltoids and upper back muscles. This exercise is performed by attaching a rope handle to a cable machine and pulling the weight towards your face while keeping your elbows high. At Energy Fitness, we recommend the cable face pull to help strengthen and tone the back of your shoulder muscles. To perform this exercise, attach a rope handle to a cable machine and stand facing the machine. Pull the weight towards your face while keeping your elbows high, then lower the weight back down and repeat. In addition to the exercises listed above, it's also important to consider proper form and technique when performing shoulder exercises. Incorrect form can lead to injury and hinder progress, so be sure to consult a personal trainer or research proper technique before beginning your workout. At Energy Fitness, we prioritize proper form and technique in all of our workouts. Our certified personal trainers are always available to provide guidance and support, ensuring that our members are performing exercises safely and effectively. Furthermore, it's important to gradually increase weight and resistance as your strength improves. Consistency is key, so aim to incorporate shoulder exercises into your workout routine at least two to three times per week. And don't forget to include rest days in your routine to allow your muscles time to recover and grow. In addition to weight training, cardio and proper nutrition are also important factors in building overall fitness and achieving your fitness goals. At Energy Fitness, we offer a variety of cardio equipment, as well as nutrition guidance from our certified nutritionist to help our members achieve optimal health and wellness. Lastly, finding a gym that fits your needs and goals is essential in maintaining a consistent workout routine. Energy Fitness, the best gym in Salem, offers a welcoming and supportive community, top-of-the-line equipment, and expert guidance from certified personal trainers and nutritionists. Our goal is to empower our members to achieve their fitness goals and live their best lives. In conclusion, incorporating shoulder exercises into your gym routine is essential for building overall upper body strength and achieving a balanced physique. At Energy Fitness, we recommend a variety of exercises targeting all four muscle groups of the shoulder, proper form and technique, gradual increase in weight and resistance, consistency, cardio and nutrition, and finding a gym that fits your needs and goals. With dedication, hard work, and expert guidance, you can achieve your fitness goals and live your best life.  At Energy Fitness, the best gym in Salem, we recommend incorporating a variety of shoulder exercises, including the overhead press, lateral raises, front raises, rear deltoid fly, upright row, shoulder press machine, and cable face pull. By targeting all four muscle groups of the shoulder, you can achieve a well-rounded and balanced upper body. Remember to always warm up before beginning your workout and consult a personal trainer or physician if you have any concerns or injuries. Happy lifting!

[lethiwebhengu]

OT FIELDWORK BLOG 3

Strikes on Monday only made us go to prac at Albert Luthuli on Wednesday and Thursday. It’s been a rough road academically for this week and it’s a pity it will only get worse next week. I decided to do my demo on Wednesday as my patient changes his dressings on Monday and Thursdays. For my demo, a lot went wrong. Knowing myself to be a quiet and introverted person has cost me my handling skills with my patient. I had imagined the session and how it would go. Critical planned over the weekend and made it meet my aims.

 The activity I did was a dressing activity, and it would have met my aims, only if my aims were correct and matched my assessment findings and presentation of my patient. The assessment findings of my patient showed that he had a contracture on his RUL of 45 degrees of shoulder abduction and 90 degrees flexion of the elbow joint. How could I possibly think the patient would be able to be extend his limb to his back or his chest to wear the shirt and button the buttons? Logically it does not make any sense, but I did not think of it. It was not a realistic aim for my patient. Activity analysis is important but it wont help if you do not implement assessment findings to your treatment session. I am able to link aims to a session but I’m just not linking aims that are relevant to my patient. I have learnt how to integrate my assessment findings critically and include them in planning my treatment session.

I also learnt the importance of assessing and treating an area of occupation. There is not much time to assess these, but it is important to not only focus on improving client factors but to improve the skills of areas of occupation. That is the meaning of OT, to focus on independence of areas of occupation and not just client factors that affect them. It is not sufficient to only assess client factors and link them to areas of occupation and assume how the patient would struggle only to be surprised when assessing it that they struggle with something else. These areas of occupations can be assessed in one session and even during treatment sessions because there is no time on prac.

For my demo, there was no mirror, no introduction to my supervisors. My poor handling skills had also affected my structuring. Principles do affect each other as well. I was not firm enough to the patient to do the activity where curtains are closed to allow for privacy as the activity itself is very intimate. I had also had the TV on and the other patient distracting and watching the session. He was standing by the window, and he had asked to do the activity there as it was next to couch. I allowed him to do so as I thought it was an element of client centeredness, but it wasn’t. The scene was distracting for a session. I need more self-confidence and assertive skills. The sign at the door. I had completely forgot about that! I also had to inform the nurses that there was a session in place but that’s how we learn, through mistakes.

Multidisciplinary teamwork refers to working as a team with other healthcare practitioners to benefit our patients. Every practitioner playing their role. Which I think is the whole point of having hospitals and clinics and other healthcare facilities. I did have a couple of encounters of working as a team with the nurses, physio and doctors. The doctor gave me as an OT a diagnosis of Burns (which we have to check are accurate according to the merk manual if they are fitting) and let me play my role to bringing about independence in patient and putting a splint on him. The nurses are there to supervise and monitor the patient and physiotherapist help with doing exercises and massages to hep heal scars and work on his ROM and muscle strength. This is how we all got to play our part as health practitioners on treating our burns patient.

Multidisciplinary teamwork can also take place at the same time on the patient not separately like I explained above. I experienced this a couple of times first hand with the nurses and physiotherapists. I had experienced when my time with patient and the physiotherapist’s time was the same time. She was very welcoming and allowed me to also do therapy during her session. She had taught me different ways to scar massage a patient, I had never done it on a person but only watched videos so that was the first time doing on someone. I learnt about going up and down and doing “J” patterns. I had only known doing side to side and circular motions. I had also known the importance of pressure, but she taught me that it was important to also be aggressive during these massages in order to get to the muscles and structures underneath. So that was interesting.

 My main interactions with the nurses in terms of teamwork is asking them to give me different materials for my sessions, like aqueous creams, bowels, shirts and pants. They have been very helpful. My patient had also told me that the ROM exercises are much better when the bandages are off, unfortunately by the time I get to the hospital and have a session with him, his dressing is done already. I had spoken to 2 of the nurses to allow the patient to do these exercises when his dressing his off, to make him do it himself as I had educated him to. The patient did report that the nurses do allow him to do so when they are still waiting for the doctor to assess his progress of the burns. The other teamwork I’ve had with the patient is when the nurses give the patient their medication or meals to take.

About Thursday. During my demo, the patient said that he would go for skin grafting on Thursday and there won’t be much to do as he was going to change his dressing. I planned to do assessments again with him regardless, hoping that with the strikes happening, his skin grafting would be postponed. Fortunately for me, he was told he would go next week. I managed to do my ROM assessments to check his improvement but unfortunately there wasn’t. My therapy must not have been working. This was sad. But maybe he was going to improve gradually. I hope. I went to my second patient with flap cover. His stitch seemed to be closing onto the skin well but still no progress with his hand function. The progress would obviously be there after his surgery that is due next week. I also forgot about the precautions of his condition when deciding on which activity I was going to do with him. The main precaution was to not strain the flap cover too much. The activity was face washing and brushing teeth.

Research on a condition is important to know which assessments to prioritise but precautions are even more imperative. As OTs we are there to promote independence not cause complications that take them away! The diagnosis of this patient is quite long and foreign to me. This was a chance for me to gain more experience and learn about it.

The research of the diagnosis: right forearm debridement and para-umbilical perforator based truncal wall flap cover (this is just half of the diagnosis) showed me an interesting article on the diagnosis that mainly mentioned that the paraumbilical perforator flap has reliable blood supply, good texture, sufficient area, and is convenient to transfer. It's an ideal choice for the repair of the deep soft tissue defect in the hand and forearm. Wang. J, Wang. M, Xu.Y, GAO. Y, Cul. L, Wang.J, Hong. Z & Yaun. S. 2017). Some of the precautions I had researched some of them after discovering the importance of them are: If possible, try to elevate the wound so it is above your heart. This helps reduce swelling. Avoid any movement that might stretch or injure the flap or graft. Avoid hitting or bumping the area. avoid strenuous exercise for several days. Ask your provider (doctor) for how long. The site may become itchy as it heals. Do not scratch the wound or pick at it. (Hoss. E, 2022)

I had met with my mentor Wednesday afternoon, where she was explaining how to write a write up and she also emphasized on the importance of precautions for different diagnoses. She explained her experience on how she realised how important they are when she was on prac and given a spinal cord patient. She was going to first do assessments and sit the patient up. Luckily the doctor walked in right in time to tell her to not sit the patient up as they had been lying down for a long time and they could have Orthostatic hypotension and they had not yet done the spinal fusion, so it was very important to keep the patient immobile in order to keep the spinal cord immobile. So that also emphasized that not all precautions can be found online immediately, therefore before touching a patient it is important to ask the nurses and doctors if they are around to move, speak or touch the patient to prevent any further complications. 

 I only focused on making sure his upper limb is not abducted to much which could result in it coming off and getting as much bilateral hand function as possible. Little did I know that I could have caused a complication.

A lot went wrong this week, but this is a learning curve, no one is perfect, and I will get right someday but I’m glad I made mistakes because now I will carry these experiences as constant reminders of what to do and what not to do. One thing I have learned ever since going to prac is how to take criticism as it is and use it to improve in order to not repeat the same mistakes.

Wang. J, Wang. M, Xu.Y, GAO. Y, Cul. L, Wang.J, Hong. Z & Yaun. S. 2017. Paraumbilical Perforator Flap: A Good Choice for Repair of The Deep Soft Tissue Defects in the Hand and Forearm. Retrieved from Journal Of General Practice (https://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/paraumbilical-perforator-flap-a-good-choice-for-the-repair-of-the-deepsoft-tissue-defects-in-the-hand-and-forearm-2327-4972-1000334.pdf )

 (Hoss. E, 2022. Skin Flaps and Skin Grafts. Retrieved from MedlinePlus https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000743.htm )

[bionicpno]

Shoulder Prosthetic Parts

Introduction

The development of shoulder prosthetics represents a significant advancement in the field of prosthetic technology. These devices aim to restore functionality and improve the quality of life for individuals who have lost their arms or shoulder function due to injury, disease, or congenital conditions. This article delves into the various parts that constitute a shoulder prosthetic, outlining their functions and how they contribute to the overall effectiveness of the prosthesis.

Components of Shoulder Prosthetics

1. Socket

The socket is the component that connects the prosthesis to the wearer's body. It is custom-made to fit the residual limb snugly and comfortably. The design of the socket is crucial as it ensures the distribution of weight across the area, minimizing discomfort and allowing for greater control and movement.

2. Suspension System

The suspension system is responsible for keeping the Shoulder prosthetic parts in place. Various methods like straps, suction, or a harness are used, depending on the level of amputation and the individual's needs. This system is essential for providing stability and ensuring that the prosthesis remains attached during different activities.

3. Prosthetic Joint

The prosthetic shoulder joint is a critical component that allows for the movement of the artificial limb. Advanced shoulder prosthetics often include highly articulated joints that can mimic the range of motion of a natural shoulder, including abduction, adduction, flexion, and rotation.

4. Control System

The control system can be either body-powered or electronic. Body-powered systems use cables and harnesses controlled by the movement of other body parts, usually the other shoulder or chest. Electronic systems, on the other hand, employ myoelectric sensors that detect muscle movements in the residual limb and translate these into movements of the prosthetic.

5. Artificial Limb

The artificial limb, or the 'hand' part of the shoulder prosthetic, can range from simple, hook-like devices to advanced robotic hands with individually moving fingers. The choice of limb depends on the wearer's needs, lifestyle, and the tasks they wish to perform.

Parts of Above Knee Prosthesis

1. Socket

Similar to the shoulder prosthetic, the socket in an above-knee prosthesis is custom-fitted to the user's residual limb. It is designed to offer comfort and optimal load distribution during various activities.

2. Knee Joint

The Parts of above knee prosthesis joint is a complex component that needs to balance flexibility and stability. Advanced models feature microprocessor-controlled joints that adapt to different walking speeds and terrains, providing a more natural gait.

3. Pylon

The pylon serves as the support structure of the prosthesis, connecting the socket to the foot. It is usually made from lightweight, durable materials like carbon fiber or titanium.

4. Suspension System

The suspension system for an above-knee prosthesis is vital to keep the prosthesis aligned and secure. Options include suction, pin/lock systems, or a belt and harness arrangement.

5. Prosthetic Foot

The prosthetic foot is designed to mimic the function and appearance of a natural foot. It absorbs shock, provides stability, and aids in propulsion. There are various types of prosthetic feet available, tailored to different levels of activity and lifestyle needs.

Conclusion

The field of prosthetics has made remarkable strides, particularly in the development of shoulder and above-knee prostheses. The various parts of these prosthetics work in harmony to restore mobility and functionality, significantly improving the lives of amputees. Continuous innovation and research in this field promise even more advanced and lifelike prosthetics in the future.

[superanonymousthethird]

As far as I understand neither of them have the free part of the arm left, only the shoulder girdle remains.

They only have this nub made out of shoulderblade and collarbone. The harness has a ring and its upper part goes on top of the nub, while the rest of it is tightly secured to the body using the belts.

Millicent has those two belts on the chest and one on the back, like Malenia. The whole construction is also worn on top of clothes so it shouldn't get too sore, I believe?..

As for attaching the rest of the arm, I assume that arched part of the prosthetic (the one I circled in red) isn't purely decorative, it snaps on top of the ridge (circled in blue).

Likely, it can just kinda slide back and forth on the ridge when flexion and extension need to happen. The metal bar inside the prosthetic allows for abduction and adduction. No idea about rotation moves though.

I also have no idea to how Malenia's prosthetic holds to her in her second phase. Does it just fuse to her body?..

but millicent doesn't have a socket installed... is she just ramming the prosthetic onto bare nub? I hope whatever magic is rolled into the prosthetics has some kinda anti-blister property/maybe just a heal over time in general, because it's gonna get sore after maybe an hour 😟

I think she's fine, actually. There's no super good images that really show it off, but after Millicent gets the arm her armor mesh changes to include a harness that ends in a socket cuff identical to her mother's.

[emmanuelm23]

JOINTS (2nd part SYNOVIAL JOINTS)

Coming to Synovial joints, as being taught in the previous post, this type of joints are considered to be freely movable. Furthermore this type of joint tends to be the most important term in physical education. They can be detected where there is the presence of synovial fluid which in fact acts like a lubricant among the joints.

For example : The shoulder joint.

There are commonly 6 types of synovial joints, each of them have different characteristics and functions.

1. Ball and Socket joints -

The ball shaped end of one bones fits into a hollow in the other allowing greatest range of movement. In other words The distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. This enables the joint to move in many directions.

Examples of this form of articulation are found in the hip, where the round head of the femur (ball) rests in the cup-like acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis; and in the shoulder joint, where the rounded upper extremity of the humerus (ball) rests in the cup-like glenoid fossa (socket) of the shoulder blade. (The shoulder also includes a sternoclavicular joint.)

2. Hinge -

The joint can swing close and open until it is straight allowing movement of bending and straightening. Hinge joints are complex and contain many muscles and tissues. Osteoarthritis and trauma can cause pain and dysfunction in various parts of these joints.

In a hinge joint, protective cartilage covers the bones, and a thick gel called synovial fluid lubricates them, allowing them to move without rubbing against one another. All hinge joints also contain muscles, ligaments, and other tissues that stabilize the joint.

Hinge joints are more stable than ball-and-socket joints, which include the shoulder and hip joints. However, ball-and-socket joints allow a greater range of movement along more than one plane.

Examples of this joint would be the elbow, knee, finger joints (interphalangeal joints), toe joints (interphalangeal joints) and ankles (tibiotalar joint).

3. Pivot -

A ring on one bone fits over a peg on the other allowing rotation. The pivot joint is exemplified by the joint between the atlas and the axis (first and second cervical vertebrae), directly under the skull, which allows for turning of the head from side to side. Pivot joints also provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) against the upper arm, a movement used, for instance, in unscrewing the lid of a jar.

Examples of this type of joint will be the neck, your wrist, and your elbow.

4. Condyloid -

(also called condylar, ellipsoidal, or bicondylar) is a bump in one bone sits in the hollow formed by another bone or bones. It can be also defined as an ovoid articular surface, or condyle that is received into an elliptical cavity. This permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction.

Examples of this type of joint would be in the elbow, wrist joints, carpals of the wrist, and at the base of the index finger.

5. Gliding -

Articulating surfaces are almost flat and of similar size. The flat surfaces can glide over each other, giving a limited movement in all directions. The basic structure of synovial joints provides flexibility to gliding joints while limiting their movements in order to prevent injury.

Examples of this type of joint would be the inter-metacarpal joints and the acromioclavicular joint.

6. Saddle -

End of one bone is saddle shaped and the other bone glides on it. Movement is back and forward and from side to side. In other words is a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex.

Example of this type of joint would be present in the thumb, the thorax, the middle ear, and the heel.

[angelashlene]

Winged Scapula:

There are different reasons for winged scapula but this plan address winging of scapula due to serratus anterior weakness

Inspection: 

muscle wasting is often noticed

Palpation: 

Muscle wasting and crepitation is noticed

Range of motion and MMT:

Reduced range of motion in flexion, elevation of shoulder with abduction in comparison to normal.

Serratus anterior: grade 3 – (most common muscle weakness which causes scapular winging)

Treatment plan:

Short term goal: 

1. To educate patient for posture 

2. To reduce pain 

3. To maintain range of motion 

Long term goal: 

1. To improve range of motion 

2. to increase muscular strength of serratus anterior 

3. to increase muscular flexibility of trapezius, pectorals, rhomboids and levator scapulae

4. to increase scapular stability 

Intervention: 

Electrotherapy:  Russian stimulation for 10 minutes to ease pain 

Manual therapy:  mobilizations (grade 2 or 3 of Maitland oscillatory glides) to increase range of motion and PNF stretching technique (contract-relax) and taping to increase scapular stability

Exercise therapy:  posture correction exercises, shoulder range of motion exercises - serratus anterior activation to maintain range of motion. Shoulder range of motion of exercise with progressions - retraction and external rotation. isometrics of serratus anterior to increase strength, stretching to increase muscular flexibility and stabilizing exercises. 

Home plan:

Maintaining proper posture with avoidance of carrying heavy objects.

Active range of motions of shoulder 

Stretching - 10 reps with 2 sec hold and gradually progress

Strengthening exercises for back, neck and shoulders

Wall sliding exercise, scapular push-ups and hollow plank hold position.

[fitliferegime]

10 Best Shoulder Exercises To Build Mass And Strength

If you’re looking to build a stronger, more defined shoulder, incorporating the right shoulder exercises into your workout routine is key. Shoulder exercises help you build strength in your upper body and improve your overall body shape. A well-shaped shoulder is one of the most important qualities of a good physique. In order to achieve this, you must train with a variety of shoulder exercises to develop the anterior deltoid (in front), lateral deltoid (at the side), and posterior deltoid (behind), and you must also work the trapezius muscle in the upper back. In this blog, we will provide an in-depth overview of the following topics: - The anatomy of the shoulder muscles - Different types of Shoulder exercises - Tips for maximizing your shoulder workout. - Shoulder Muscle Training Volume - Workout plan for beginner, intermediate and advance.

Shoulders Anatomy And Function

In fitness, “shoulder exercises” refers to resistance exercises that target the deltoid muscle. The shoulder is a “ball-and-socket” joint between the humerus bone of the upper arm and the scapula bone (shoulder blade). Six main movements that occur at the shoulder are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. The deltoid muscle of the shoulder consists of three separate sections or heads. - The anterior deltoid (In front) - Lateral deltoid (at the side) - Posterior deltoid (behind) You need to work all three of them, along with the trapezius muscle in the upper back, to build an impressive shoulder.

Anterior Deltoid It is commonly called the front delt. It arises from your collar bone and inserts into your humerus (upper arm bone). Your front delt’s main function is to move your arm up, forward, and to your center.  Lateral Deltoid It has a few common names, such as side delts, middle delts. It arises from a little area on the shoulder blade called the acromion process and inserts into the humerus. Your lateral delt’s main function is shoulder abduction, which is bringing it up to the side. Posterior Deltoid It also knows as the rear delt. It arises from the spine of the scapula (upper part of your shoulder blade) and inserts into the humerus. Your posterior delts main function is moving the arm outward and backward. Trapezius It is often called the traps, this is a large triangular shaped upper back muscle. The main function of the traps is to support head movement, stabilize certain arm motions and provide stability in pushing and pulling movements.

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[mcatmemoranda]

Reviewing the OMM videos for graduation requirements. This is the modified 10 step screening exam:

1. Postural analysis

2. Gait analysis/duck walk

3. Dynamic trunk sidebending

4. Standing flexion test

5. Stork test

6. Seated flexion test

7. Upper extremity screenP> 8. Trunk mobility testing (pt seated and actively and passivley sidebends and rotates to each side)

9. Head and neck mobility (pt actively rotates head left, right, sidebends neck left and right, chin to chest and head back)

10. Total body screen palpation/motion testing (pt supine, check to see if malleoli are symmetric, check ASISs, pelvic compression test, FABERE test, straight leg raise test, compress the lower ribs and compare motion on both sides, assess rib cage motion by having the pt inhale and exhale as your hands are fanned out on the ribs, assess the motion of the upper ribs)

Brief description: This method allows the physician to quickly assess a patient’s overall functioning. It examines several key areas of the body allowing for a quick overview before performing a more focused exam.

Technique:

1. Assess overall posture by looking at patient from the front, back, left and right. Look at key landmarks to assess symmetry (shoulders, iliac crests, greater trochanters, how the arms line up) and check spine for appropriate lordosis and kyphosis as well as any scoliosis.

2. Assess gait by having the patient walk back and forth. Now have the patient squat down, walk, and then stand back up to evaluate the lower extremities for any weakness or abnormalities.

3. Have the patient side bend their trunk to the right and left. Look for a smooth curve (normal) or any abnormalities.

4. Perform the standing flexion test to assess ilio-sacral motion by placing your thumbs just inferior to the PSISs and have the patient bend forward. (Test is positive on the side that moves first and furthest.)

5. Perform the stork test by placing one thumb in the middle of the sacrum and the other just inferior to the PSIS. Have the patient lift the leg on the side you are monitoring the PSIS, then switch hands and have the patient lift the other leg. Assess how the sacrum and ilium move in relation to each other.

6. Now have the patient sit and perform the seated flexion test to assess for sacro-iliac motion. Place your fingers just inferior to the PSISs and have the patient bend forward. (Test is positive on the side that moves first and furthest.)

7. Now screen the upper extremities by having the patient cross their arms across their chest, then raise their arms out to their side, then bring their arms above their head, interlock their fingers, bring their arms down in front of them with fingers interlocked, then ask the patient to bring their hands through their arms.

8. With the patient seated, check sidebending and rotation both actively and passively.

9. Check for head and neck range of motion by having the patient sidebend, rotate, flex, and extend their head.

10. Finally, ask the patient to lie supine and check landmarks (medial malleoli, ASISs), perform ASIS compression test, FABERE (flex, abduct, externally rotate hip) test of both legs, straight leg test, and check motion of rib cage with respiration.