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[lifeofresulullah]

The Life of The Prophet Muhammad(pbuh): His Youth, Trade Life, His marriage to Hazrat Khadijah

The Prophet goes to Damascus with his uncle

The Master of the Universe (PBUH) had reached twelve years of age.

He possessed a unique kind of body and face among his friends. His face would emit gleaming light to his surroundings and his heart was always filled with peace.

In the meantime, Abu Talib, who was sheltering our Holy Prophet (PBUH), had great difficulty getting by. For this reason, he felt obliged to get involved in trade/commerce. He decided to go to Damascus that year by joining the caravan that the Quraysh had arranged for the purpose of trade.

Preparations for the journey were being made and they took place right before our Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) eyes. Consequently, this uncle, whom he loved so much, was going to be separated from him for some period of time. However, how was he going endure this? Years ago, he had lost both his honorable father and saintly mother at the end of two journeys. Now, his guardian, Abu Talib, was going to set off on a journey and be separated from him for days. How was his gentle and delicate soul going to bear this separation?

Like Abu Talib, the members of the household were also afraid that something would befall upon the Master of the Universe (PBUH), and for that reason, they did not want him to embark on this journey. However, our Holy Prophet (PBUH) wholeheartedly wanted to go with his uncle. He was left with no choice but to open up to his uncle after having been sad for days. He could not help speaking to his uncle in the following manner with a longing and sad tone:

“My Dear Uncle! Where and with whom are you leaving me? I neither have my mother nor my father here with me.”

Our Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) teardrops decorated these words like a flower. Even the most hardened of hearts, let alone Abu Talib, who wholeheartedly loved his nephew, would be unable bear the Master of the Universe’s sorrow. Abu Talib immediately changed his mind upon hearing these expressions that had inflamed his feelings of compassion.

The Master of the Universe (PBUH) was able to go with his uncle; thus, his heart was filled with happiness after this decision had been made. The preparations were complete and he joined the caravan together with his uncle.

The caravan reached Busra by passing through deserts and stopped there for a rest. Busra was a town with plenty of water and gardens between Damascus and Jerusalem.

Bahira’s Observation and Evaluation

There was a priest by the name of Bahira who lived in a small monastery that was close to the market of Busra.  At that time, this priest was a reputable scholar among Christians. There was a book in the monastery and those who worshipped at that monastery and read from that book would become the most knowledgeable of Christians. Until that time, every priest had benefited from this book.

The Qurayshi procession of trade lodged in close proximity to this priest’s monastery as they had done every year. What was strange was that Bahira, who had not interacted with anyone from the procession in the past years, was now showing an unexpected interest in the procession and had arranged a feast for them.

Why had this feast and attention been given?

This was the question that got the procession thinking.

The Wise Bahira had witnessed some peculiarities in the procession that he had not seen before. While he was looking at the Qurayshi procession, he had noticed a cloud shading the Master of all Masters (PBUH). When the procession came and lodged underneath a tree, he observed the same cloud shading the tree and the tree’s branches bending before the Radiant Child to provide shade for him.

Bahira, who had seen these peculiarities, wanted to invite them for a meal. He sent the Meccans the following notice:

“Oh Qurayshis! I prepared a meal for you. I want all of you: the elderly, the young, the free, and the enslaved to come”.

The Qurayshi merchants noticed Bahira’s unusual attitude. They wondered what the reason was and asked, “Oh Bahira, by God, your mood is different today. We stop by you each time we come. You have never done something like this for us before. What is the matter?“

Bahira did not disclose his secret and made do with this answer:

“Yes, you are right, but after all, you are my guests. For that reason, I wanted to host and have you eat. Please come and help yourselves!”

They accepted the invitation and sat at the dinner table.

However, there was an individual from the procession who was absent. Bahira was looking for the Master of the Universe (PBUH). Since he was the youngest, the Radiant Child had been charged with the duty of keeping an eye on the procession’s belongings; thus, he was sitting by the tree.

Bahira was busy with eying everyone at the dinner table from head to toe. However, none of them had the disposition of the Radiant Child that he was looking for. He asked, “Is there anyone who has not come to the meal? Is there someone who has been left behind?”

They answered, “No, Bahira, there is no one who has accepted your invitation and then did not come. Only a child was left behind to wait on our belongings.”

Bahira, who had examined the Holy Books and learned the characteristics and signs of the last Prophet from them, insisted that he come as well.

The Qurayshi merchants could not refuse Bahira’s persistent request; so, they went and brought the Master of the Universe (PBUH).

While the Master of the Universe (PBUH) was busy eating his meal at the table, Bahira’s entire attention and amazement was on him. He was eying his every move and condition.

Bahira had found what he was looking for and had reached his goal. The Radiant Child’s behavior and every action perfectly matched the written descriptions in the book next to him.

The meal was finished and while everyone was dispersing from the table, Bahira leaned down to the Master of the Universe’s (PBUH) ear and said, “Look, young man. I want you to answer the questions that I am going to ask you about Lat and Uzza.”

There was an expression of discomfort and hate in the Radiant Child’s eyes, “Please do not want anything from me on behalf of Lat and Uzza. By God, there is nothing that I hate more than them”.

Bahira retracted his first request. “In that case, Answer the questions I am going to ask you for the sake of Allah”.

Our Holy Prophet (PBUH) replied “Ask whatever you wish”.

Bahira was bewildered by all the answers that he received to his questions because they exactly matched everything that he knew about the Last Prophet.

Lastly, he looked at the Master of the Universe’s back and saw the seal of Prophethood.

Bahira’s conviction was now certain and without doubt: This youth was the long-awaited Last Prophet (PBUH).

Bahira and Abu Talib Face-to-Face

After his recognition, Bahira went to our Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) uncle, Abu Talib. The following conversation took place between the two:

“What relation do you have to this child?”

“He is my son”

“No, he is not your son because this child’s father is not supposed to be living.”

“Yes, you are correct. He is my nephew, not my biological son”.

“Well, what happened to his father?

“He passed away while this child’s mother was pregnant.”

“Yes, you have told the truth.”

Everything was now evident and definite for Bahira.

Finally, Bahira gave the following advice to our Holy Prophet’s uncle (PBUH), which showed that he was a man who thought and spoke rightfully:

“Immediately take your nephew back to your homeland. Protect him from the jealous Jews. By God, if the Jews see this child and notice what I have noticed, then they will try to inflict harm upon him because your nephew is going to attain a great reputation and glory in the future. Do not stay here any more. Be sure to take him back immediately.”

Upon hearing this advice, Abu Talib sold his goods there and returned to Mecca  together with his glorious nephew.

Like Bahira, the monk, many Christian and Jewish scholars had seen the attributes of the Messenger of Allah in their books and confessed the truth by saying, “Yes, the attributes of Muhammad al-Arabi (pbuh) are written in our books.” Despite this confession, many of them were deprived of being honored by Islam.

Among those who reached that unique bliss are the following people:

Abdullah Ibn Salam, Wahb Ibn Munabbih, Abi Yasir, Shamul, Asid and Sa’laba b. Saya, Ibn Bunyamin, Mukhay­riq, Ka­bu’l-Ah­bar, Daghatir, Ibn Natur, Jarud…

The Quran mentions those righteous scholars of the People of the Book in the following verses:

“…They are not arrogant. And when they listen to the revelation received by the Messenger, thou wilt see their eyes overflowing with tears, for they recognize the truth: they pray: "Our Lord! we believe; write us down among the witnesses..”

[dailytafsirofquran]

Daily Tafsir of Ibn Kathir

None can make Anything Lawful or Unlawful except Allah or Those Whom Allah has allowed to do so Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and others said: "This Ayah was revealed to criticize the idolators for what they used to make lawful and unlawful. Like the Bahirah, Sa'ibah and Wasilah.'' As Allah said: (And they assign to Allah a share of the tilth and cattle which He has created.)﴿6:136﴾ Imam Ahmad recorded a narration from Malik bin Nadlah who said, "I came to Allah's Messenger while in filthy clothes. He said, (Do you have wealth) I answered, `Yes.' He said, (what kind of wealth) I answered, `All kinds; camels, slaves, horses, sheep.' So he said, (If Allah gives you wealth, then let it be seen on you.) Then he said, ؟ (It is not that your camels are born with healthy ears, you take a knife and cut them, then say, "This is a Bahr,'' tear its skin, then say, `This is a Sarm,'' and prohibit them for yourself and your family) I replied, `Yes.' He said, (What Allah has given you is lawful. Allah's Forearm is stronger than your forearm, and Allah's knife is sharper then your knife.)'' And he mentioned the Hadith in its complete form, and the chain for this Hadith is a strong, good chain. Allah criticized those who make lawful what Allah has made unlawful or vice verse. This is because they are based on mere desires and false opinions that are not supported with evidence or proof. Allah then warned them with a promise of the Day of Resurrection. He asked: (And what think those who invent a lie against Allah, on the Day of Resurrection) What do they think will happen to them when they return to Us on the Day of Resurrection Ibn Jarir said that Allah's statement: (Truly, Allah is full of bounty to mankind,) indicated that the bounty is in postponing their punishment in this world. I (Ibn Kathir) say, the meaning could be that the Grace for people is in the good benefits that He made permissible for them in this world or in their religion. He also has not prohibited them except what is harmful to them in their world and the Hereafter. (but most of them are ungrateful.) So they prohibited what Allah has bestowed upon them and made it hard and narrow upon themselves. They made some things lawful and others unlawful. The idolators committed these actions when they set laws for themselves. And so did the People of the Book when they invented innovations in their religion. (61. Neither you do any deed nor recite any portion of the Qur'an, nor you do any deed, but We are Witness thereof when you are doing it. And nothing is hidden from your Lord (so much as) the weight of a speck of dust on the earth or in the heaven. Not what is less than that or what is greater than that but is (written) in a Clear Record.)

[lifeofresulullah]

The Life of The Prophet Muhammad: The Battle of Uhud and Afterwards

THE BATTLE OF UHUD: Part 11

What a Loyalty

A woman approached the Prophet, who was riding a horse. She was Kabsha b. Ubayd, who was the mother of Sa’d b. Muadh, who held the reins of the Prophet’s horse. She was sorrowful due to the pains she felt inside. Her son, Amr b. Muadh, was martyred in Uhud. She approached the Prophet more, looked at his luminous face and said, “Let my father and mother be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of God! I see that you are safe. Since you are safe, no misfortune can affect me!”

Those sentences expressed the real belief and the endless loyalty to the Messenger of God. She did not ask about her son, who was martyred, but she felt extremely happy when she found out that the Messenger of God returned safely.

The Messenger of God consoled the heroic Muslim woman for his son that was martyred. He said, “O Sa’d’s mother (Sa’d b. Muadh)! Glad tidings to you and his household; all of their martyrs gathered in Paradise and became close friends. They will intercede for their household.” Then, he said the following prayer due to the wish of Kabsha:

“O God! Eliminate the sorrow in their hearts; make the living members of this family the best of those who live!”

There was no sacrifice, trouble or hardship that the Companions, whose hearts were in contact with the elixir of prophethood, could not face for God and His Messenger. If they lost their own children, they would show patience and perseverance. They knew very well that the cause of Islam could be elevated only through sacrifice, self-denial and hardship. They were aware of the fact that the sacrifice for the Messenger of God was the most desired sacrifice in the eye of God. Therefore, the Messenger of God stated the following for them:

“God Almighty made my Companions superior to the whole world except the prophets and apostles!”

The Prophet at Home

While the Companions that returned from Uhud were going to their houses with a painful and sorrowful mood due to the defeat, the Prophet went home. She gave his sword, Dhul-Fiqar, to his daughter, Fatima, and said, “Wash its sheath. I swear by God it fulfilled its duty thoroughly today!”

The Messenger of God was hopeful. He was not hopeless due to that defeat. He knew very well that the truth would be superior to the evil and the wrong. What he said to Fatima, his daughter, indicated this truth:  “Polytheists will not defeat us like that until God grants us the conquest (of Makkah).”

The Prophet, who returned to Madinah, was still not safe from the danger of polytheists. It was possible for them to return and to carry an unexpected attack. Therefore, some Muslims kept guard all night at the door of the Prophet’s house.

The Prophet Adopts an Orphan!

Many Muslim women became widows as a result of the Uhud defeat; many mothers lost their children and many children became orphans. All of them went to the Prophet in order to relieve their pains, eliminate their sorrow and console their spirits. He tried to find solutions to their problems.

A child having a face like an angle called Bujayr went to the Prophet. His father Aqraba had been martyred in Uhud. He went to the presence of the Messenger of God crying due to the agony of being left fatherless; he exhilarated the feelings of compassion and mercy of the Prophet.

The Messenger of God found a cure for the problem of Bujayr. He said to him, “O lovely child! Why do you keep crying? Stop crying! Would you like me to become your father and Aisha your mother?”

When Bujayr, who needed compassion due to his age, heard the offer, his eyes smiled. He forgot his grief and distress; he got rid of the feeling of frustration and showed his joy by saying, “May my father and mother be sacrificed for you O Messenger of God! I would definitely like it!”

The Messenger of God caressed the head of the lovely child with his compassionate hands and asked, “What is your name?”

He said, “Bujayr”.

Thereupon, the Prophet changed his name by saying, “No. You are Bashir!”

Bashir, with the name the Prophet gave him, later said,

“On the part of my head that the hand of the Messenger of God touched, the hair remained black, but my hair on the other parts became grey. I used to lisp but after that I got rid of lisping.”

THE EXPEDITION OF HAMRA AL-ASAD

The Prophet, who had returned from Uhud to Madinah, was restless. He always considered the possibility of the Qurayshi polytheists returning and attacking Madinah.  

Besides, the defeat in Uhud caused a negative atmosphere against Muslims both inside and outside. That negative atmosphere had to be eliminated. It was necessary to show that Muslim maintained their previous strength and courage.

The Prophet returned to Madinah from Uhud on Saturday. After leading the morning prayer on Sunday, he called Bilal and told him to address people by saying, “The Messenger of God orders you to follow your enemy. Those who did not fight in Uhud together with us yesterday will not come. Only those who joined the Uhud expedition will come!”

Most of the Companions had returned from Uhud wounded. However, they did not hesitate to accept the call of the Messenger of God to fight in the way of God.

Love of Jihad of Two Wounded Brothers

Abdullah and Rafi’ b. Sahl, who were two brothers from the Sons of Abd al-Ashal, had been seriously wounded. When they heard the call of the Messenger of God, they forgot about the pains of their wounds and started to think, “How can we join this expedition? Will we miss this opportunity of joining the jihad with the Messenger of God?”

When Abdullah said to Rafi’, “Let us go”, Rafi said, “By God, I have no strength to walk.”

Abdullah insisted:

“Come on! If you cannot walk, we will hire an animal.”

In the end, they set off. When Rafi was too weak, Abdullah carried him on his back. Thus, they joined the mujahids.

One of the people that had seriously been wounded was a Companion called Usayd b. Khudayr. He had seven serious wounds. He wanted to take care of those wounds. However, when he heard the command of the Messenger of God, he stopped taking care of his wounds and joined the mujahids.

Leaving Madinah

The Messenger of God himself was wounded, too. There were two wounds of chain on his face; his forehead had been ripped. One of his molar teeth had been broken and his lip had been ripped; his right shoulder had been wounded, too. He was going on an expedition like that. He entered the mosque and performed a prayer of two rak’ahs. Then he put on his armor. Only his eyes could be seen. He led the army like that. He gave the standard to Hazrat Ali. He appointed Abdullah b. Umm Maktum as his deputy and left Madinah.

Vanguard

The Prophet sent a vanguard of three people before the army. One of them was tired and could not proceed. The Qurayshis noticed the other two guards; they captured and martyred them.

The Messenger of God reached the place called Hamra al-Asad and set up his headquarters there. Then, he buried the two guards that had been martyred there. He ordered the mujahids to collect wood to make a fire at night. They made a lot of fires at night. About five hundred fires that had been made were terrifying. The army of the polytheists was not seen around. One polytheist who had fallen asleep was captured. He was Abu Azza, who had been captured by Muslims in Badr and who had promised not to satirize or insult Muslims with his poems and therefore had been freed without any ransom. However, he did not keep his promise. He went to Uhud and encouraged the polytheists against Muslims through his poems.  

Abu Azza asked the Prophet to free him again. However, this time, he received a harsh and definite answer: “A believer is not bitten through the same snake hole twice. By God, I will not free you in case you say in Makkah, ‘I deceived Muhammad twice; I made fun of him’”. Upon the order of the Prophet, he was killed.

The Conversation between Mabad of Khuzaa and the Prophet

When the Messenger of God was still in Hamra al-Asad, Mabad b. Abi Mabad of the Khuzaa tribe, who lived in Tihama region, came to talk to the Messenger of God. Both The Muslims and polytheists of the Khuzaa tribe were loyal to the Prophet; they never concealed anything from him.

Mabad had not become a Muslim yet but he was loyal to the Messenger of God.

Trying to console the Prophet, he said, “O Muhammad! The misfortune in Uhud offended us, too.  We wish that God will give you health and strength against them.”

After talking to the Prophet, Mabad continued his journey. He saw that the polytheists had gathered in a place called Rawha. They had organized the meeting in order to attack the Muslims. They said,

“We killed the Companions of Muhammad; we killed his most honorable and courageous men; however, we could not eliminate them all. How shall we return to Makkah like this? We should return and kill the others that survived!”

As it could be seen, things were taking place as the Prophet had thought. The polytheists were thinking about returning and attacking Madinah.

The Conversation between Mabad and Abu Sufyan

When Abu Sufyan, the leader of the Quraysh, met Abu Sufyan, he asked, “O Mabad! What is the news in the place where you are coming from?”

Mabad said, “Muhammad and his Companions collected an unprecedented amount of soldiers and started to come after you.”

Abu Sufyan was surprised: “O my God! Really?”

Mabad spoke calmly, “By God, you will see their horses before you leave here.” Abu Sufyan talked furiously, “By God we gathered in order to attack them. We will eliminate those who survived.”

Ignoring the fury of Abu Sufyan, Mabad said, “I advise you not to attempt such a dangerous thing. By God, when I saw that crowd, I could not help saying some couplets.”

The fury of Abu Sufyan was transformed to curiosity. He said, “What did you say?” Mabad started his poem:

“My animal almost fell down due to their multitude and terrifying noise!

It looked as if there was a flood of men and horses. It looked as if unarmed, short and glorious lions without spears and shields were running about.

I thought the earth would collapse due to their weight!

I left them in a hurry.

They elevated with their leader, who was not alone and who was not unaided.

When they confront you, the valley of Batha will be shaken together with its inhabitants.

I said, ‘Too bad for Abu Sufyan b. Harb!’

I am a warner for Makkans who are scorched under the sun and for any of them who thinks, telling them that the result will be terrifying.

The army I am trying to describe is the army of Ahmad; it does not consist of ordinary people.

My description and warnings are not meaningless words.”

Abu Sufyan and his friends, who liked Mabad’s poem and praised it, started to feel scared. They gave up the idea of walking against Muslims and set off to Makkah. Mabad, who did Muslims a great favor, sent someone from his tribe to tell the Prophet about the situation.

The Messenger of God stayed in Hamra al-Asad for three nights; there was no movement from the enemy; so, he returned to Madinah.

This expedition is called the expedition of Hamra al-Asad due to the name of the place. The following is stated in the verses sent down due to this expedition:

“Of those who answered the call of God and the Messenger even after being wounded, those who do right and refrain from wrong have a great reward.― Men said to them: “A great army is gathering against you, so fear them”: but it (only) increased their Faith. They said: ‘For us God sufficeth, and He is the best disposer of affairs.’”

SOME WISDOMS BEHIND THE DEFEAT OF UHUD

There are some wisdoms behind the fact that Muslims were defeated in the Battle of Uhud, that some of them were wounded and some of them were martyred:

1)It was understood clearly through this misfortune that the slightest opposition to the commands of God and His Messenger could inflict great troubles on them. The Prophet had ordered the archers he placed on Aynayn Hill and not to leave that place but they left their place and acted contrary to his command, thinking that Muslims won the battle. As a result of their leaving their place, the bright victory that the Muslims had obtained was followed by a sad defeat.

2)It was taught that even the prophets could not be free from the troubles and hardships of the world because they were sent as guides to people in every aspect. The Prophet was sent as an absolute guide and imam for human beings so that they would learn the principles relating to their personal and social lives from him. If he had always received divine help and trusted on extraordinary states and miracles, he would not have been an absolute imam and the greatest guide for human beings.  

Therefore, the Prophet sometimes showed miracles only in order to prove his cause and to overcome the denial of the polytheists; he acted in accordance with the laws of God that He imposed on the universe at other times. He ordered people to wear armor against the enemy and to take shelter in trenches. He was sometimes wounded as it happened in Uhud and suffered hardships. If he had always received divine help and showed miracles, the mind would have been forced to believe. It would have been contrary to the mystery of testing in the world. In that case, Abu Jahl and Abu Lahab would have also believed willy nilly and would have been in the same rank as Hazrat  Abu Bakr. It would have been impossible to discriminate between real Muslims and munafiqs.

Especially, during the battles, when the divine help sometimes delayed, the munafiqs who had not believed heartily revealed themselves through their words and actions. Thus, it became possible to recognize them.

3)Among the polytheists, there were many people who would be equal to  some great companions in the future like Hazrat Khalid b. Walid and, Amr b. As. It can be said that the divine wisdom let those people who would serve among the Companions in the future and who would be famous and honorable in the future have a victory so as not to harm their honor and in order to give them a kind of advance payment.  

“That is to say, the Companions of the past were defeated by the Companions of the future, so that the future Companions would enter Islam, not through fear of the flashing sword, but through zeal for the flash of the truth, and lest they and their natural valor should be brought low!”