#prussia 1813

[josefavomjaaga]

Elie Baudus about Murat's departure in Posen, 1813

Once more Elie Baudus, former aide-de-camp to Marshal Bessières, in the second volume of his "Etudes sur Napoléon". (Another snippet is here.) This time it’s about Murat deserting leaving the army at Posen in January 1813. I was wondering how Bessières and his staff reacted to this news, especially as Elie makes it sound as if they were there at the time.

Headquarters left Elbing on 11 January to take up residence in Posen. When it reached that town, the King of Naples immediately announced that he was leaving the army on account of his health, either because he was really ill or because his indisposition was due solely to his anxiety about what might happen in his states, during his absence, in the political situation in which Europe was about to find itself. All that could be said to him about the impropriety of taking such a step without the emperor's consent could do nothing to change his mind; he handed over command to the viceroy and left for his capital.

What Elie possibly does not know or at least does not write: Murat had asked for permission to leave the army at least twice, admitting himself that the task was beyond him, and apparently had never even received a reply from Napoleon. And of course it would be interesting to know if Bessières was among those who tried to talk Murat out of his idea and to make him stay on his post, and how Murat reacted to these attempts.

Napoleon's departure had been applauded because the inflexible necessity which forced him to it was understood; [...]

That may be a bit of an exaggeration or generalisation. I understand there was quite some grumbling in the army (Oh, look, he’s pulling another Egyptian exit on us, etc.). Even Elie himself admits that the last remnants of military discipline broke down as soon as Napoleon was gone. There must have been a reason for that.

[…] Murat's departure, on the contrary, aroused strong indignation; this abandonment, in the situation in which the army found itself, was not noble, and it took no less than the great actions which he carried out a few months later at Dresden and Leipsick to weaken the irritation which this conduct had aroused against him in all ranks. Nothing can excuse such a mistake, for even if we consider it only from a political point of view it was enormous. If this prince feared for the preservation of his crown, should he not have considered that it was only within the French army that he could work effectively to consolidate it on his head? That was the key to the vault; if it was missing, it was obvious that all the stones of the edifice would crumble.

The talents and the firmness of character that Prince Eugène had recently displayed in this campaign had already won him the confidence and the attachment of the army; so there was more anger than regret at the news of the change in our general-in-chief. Marshal Bessières was happier than anyone else when it was announced that the emperor was definitively entrusting the viceroy with the power of which he had only been temporarily invested upon the departure of the king of Naples. What, for the Duke of Istria, was both the result of a long-standing attachment rooted in paternal feelings and deeply felt esteem, was dictated to the other chiefs by the latter motive. They all did their best to prove it to this young prince, and we will never forget the interesting spectacle offered by his salons in Posen in this respect. There was something touching about the marks of deference with which all these old glories of France surrounded him.

[Insert image of dozens of decorated army generals surrounding an 8-year-old: "You’ll get us out of this shit, right, little one?" - Eugène nodding very seriously: "Uh-huh."]

I would also like to point out that the young prince at the time was 31 years old, balding and loosing his teeth… But it’s nice to see Bessières’ reaction to his "apprentice" being in charge now.

The viceroy must have been delighted; [...]

… yeah… guessing from the letters he wrote to Auguste … not really all that much ...

[…] it was a fine reward for all the great things he had already done; it was a powerful encouragement to persevere on the straight and honourable path he had adopted; so he did not deviate from it for a single moment until the last catastrophe of the great man who called him his son.

Uhm, Elie? I think Marmont and d’Anthouard would like to have a word with you.

Posterity will do him this justice, that his entire conduct completely justified the special attachment Napoleon always had for him; a true attachment, animating Napoleon's words, whenever he had to express himself officially on the subject of his adopted son, with an affectionate feeling never shown in favour of any other member of the imperial family.

The keyword in this passage is "officially". And the fact Elie adds it makes me wonder if he (or rather Bessières - or possibly Elie's father through Murat?) may have known about some of the private correspondence Napoleon sent to Eugène, and that treated his stepson quite differently.

It was not only with regard to Napoleon that the Viceroy's conduct was noble and worthy of admiration; even after the Restoration we saw him know how, without failing in the duties of filial piety, to satisfy at the same time those of a good Frenchman; for having come to Paris in 1814, when all the events had taken place, he soon realised that they were trying to abuse the attachment that the army had for him in order to disturb his homeland. He did not hesitate for a moment to make this cruel and painful sacrifice, so that his name would not be mixed up in the intrigues that have so tarnished the glory of some of his comrades in arms.

That’s the same thing Napoleon was disappointed about on Saint Helena, I presume, when he did not see anybody to lead the army and cause another uprising in his own favour.

[empirearchives]

Brief overview of the Battle of the Nations, otherwise known as the Battle of Leipzig, from Saxony’s perspective.

The Battle of the Nations was the largest battle in European history until World War I. Approximately 600,000 soldiers fought in Leipzig, Saxony in 1813 over the course of 4 days. Saxony was one of Napoleonic France’s allies. The coalitions punished Saxony, and all the other states which had been loyal to Napoleon. Their economy also suffered as a result of the French defeat because the coalitions used their victory to dismantle the Continental System, which had been good for the Saxon economy. The influx of British goods after the Battle of the Nations caused the British economy to flourish and Saxony’s economy to go through a period of hardship.

Pics: Journey through Leipzig, text by Bernd Weinkauf, photos by Tina and Horst Herzig

Additional source: Frederick III of Saxony

[city-of-ladies]

“Esther Manuel was born in Hanau in 1785. In her early twenties, she married an artisan who changed his name from Müller to Grafemus, and they had two children. Her husband was a Christian, but there is no record of Esther’s baptism. Grafemus abandoned his family in 1808, and she heard rumors that he had joined the Russian army. Esther eventually traveled to Berlin to find some charity to support her, and because she was too poor to afford the postal service carriage, she dressed as a man to travel on horseback. 

Once in Berlin she appealed for funds to the Jewish charities, but to no avail. In a patriotic gesture, after Queen Louise died in 1810, Esther changed her name to Louise. She was still very poor, frustrated in her continuing efforts to locate her husband. Eventually, sometime in the fall of 1812, using connections in the Jewish community, Louise went to the king’s son and daughter-in-law, Prince William and Princess Maria, and told them of her desire to join the army. Touched by her predicament and by her passion to fight, they purchased her a horse, a uniform, and a gun, and arranged for her to enter the army, dressed as a man! She was not the only female fighter motivated to take up arms for Prussia. Berliners just then were celebrating the heroism of Leonora Prochazka, a disguised woman soldier who had just died in battle, with popular songs and poetry.

By March 1813, in the first days of the War of Liberation, Louise Grafemus was already in battle, on her horse with rifle in hand, and although she was quickly wounded, she kept on fighting. One day that spring, during a battle, by some astonishing fortune, she chanced to meet her long-lost husband, who was indeed a soldier in the Russian army. In front of all the soldiers, she tore off her uniform and revealed her identity as a woman in disguise, causing a huge sensation. But fate took away what it had just delivered, and Herr Grafemus died the very next day.

Louise then left the army, and wandered to St. Petersburg, where she worked for a Russian nobleman. In time she returned to Berlin, where she spent her days writing appeals to the government to receive a pension as the widow of a fallen soldier. When the king did give her a tiny pension of two thalers a year she became a most modern publicity seeker, finding journalists to tell her story. The owner of a porcelain factory even ordered cups made bearing her image! Her family back in Hanau refused to help her, because they were angry that she had continuously neglected them as well as her two children. Eventually she married a German publisher in Russia and settled in Riga, where she died in 1852, at the age of 67.”

How Jews Became Germans: The History of Conversion and Assimilation in Berlin, Deborah Hertz

[cinnamonspicewritingroom]

More Than Diamonds

Pairing: Prince Friedrich x Princess! Reader Description: Britain has gained themselves a new royalty nearing the debutante ball of 1813. Princess Amelia of Siam was sent as the new Ambassador of Siam. In Britain Princess Amelia was able to find her family, but will that be all? Tags: Tags: Slow burn, Coming of age, Time-Travel, Back to the past, Friends to Lovers, Royalties, Oblivious!FLxObvious!ML, Jealous! Friedrich, Slightly Possessive! Friedrich, Black cat gf, Golden retriever bf Timeline: S1&S2

Princess Amelia of Siam

"What romance? I have no time for such nonsense. I was merely attempting to forge a diplomatic relation between Siam and Prussia." - Amelia Chaiya Kanika, Princess of Siam

Prince Friedrich of Prussia

"Truthfully I am afraid. It felt like I'm the only one falling, while she stayed rooted... Unmoved. I want her, yet I do not want to lose what we have... To sacrifice what we have built." - Prince Friedrich of Prussia

Daphne Basset (nee. Bridgerton)

"Amelia is different... She is uptight and serious, but at the same time extremely intelligent. Unfortunately, romance is a foreign subject for her and I think... There is nobody more fitting to teach her than you." - Daphne Basset (nee. Bridgerton)

Anthony Bridgerton

"I would say out of all Bridgerton, we are the most similar... Which is why I hope for you to learn from my mistakes. Life is short Mel, you need to enjoy it while it lasts. Doing something you want is not selfish... Loving someone is not selfish." - Anthony Bridgerton

Benedict Bridgerton

"Say, Mel... What is your idea of fun? One which excludes activities that require you to think? Frankly I think you need it. Go outside, make friends, go to parties and promenades. Have fun. For sometime, forget your responsibilities and live a little." - Benedict Bridgerton

Colin Bridgerton

"I understand what you meant. How looking at this brought you peace, but Mel... Don't you think you too need to start listening to that advice?" - Colin Bridgerton

Charlotte of Mcklenburg-Strelitz

"I suppose for him a mere diamond won't do. She must be the epitome of perfection. An intelligent, beautiful and elegant woman. Who fits better for a prince than an actual princess?" - Queen Charlotte

Meet The Cast of 'More Than Diamonds' | More Than Diamonds Master List

[whencyclopedia]

War of the Sixth Coalition

The War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814), known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, was the penultimate conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). The Sixth Coalition, which included Russia, Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, and several German states, defeated the First French Empire and drove Napoleon into exile on the island of Elba.

Continue reading...

[catherinetheprincessofwales]

Royal Deaths 9th September.

1000 - Olaf Tryggvason, King Olaf I of Norway.

1087 - King William I of England (The Conqueror).

1398 - King James I of Cyprus.

1438 - Edward, King of Portugal.

1487 - Chenghua, Emperor of China.

1488 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany

1513 - James IV of Scotland.

1596 - Anna Jagiellon, Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania.

1730 - Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, illegitimate son of King Charles II of United Kingdom.

1813 - George I, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont in Rhoden, Kingdom of Prussia.

1870 - Baroness Louise Lehzen, governess and companion to Queen Victoria.

[klara-1838]

A conversation between Napoleon and a deputy from Liberec (1813)

a.k.a. Napoleon’s opinion on Francis II

————————

N - Napoleon

D - the deputy

N: Then, does the emperor want the war just because of his sympathies towards Russia and Prussia?

D: We are not competent to answer this question.

N: No, he does not want it! Metternich! Metternich, Metternich (he exclaimed fiercely and bitterly)! HE wants the war. Your emperor was fooled!

D: If he was deceived, then we pity him greatly. He does not deserve it.

N: No, he’s good.

D: Truly good, Your Highness; he’s loyally loved by his people.

N: His own daughter reproached him because it was pointless. He’s the head of a great force directed against him.

D: It is sad, Your Highness, that a daughter must stand up against her own father.

N: But what do the Austrians want?

——————————-

They also call Berthier “the secretary” 😂

Just a bit of this very interesting dialogue.

Source: Napoleon and the heart of Europe, J. Polišenský

[ao3feed-kathony]

Much ado about miscommunication

read it on AO3 at https://archiveofourown.org/works/56962039 by Ravenworking “According to lady whistledown the prince of Prussia is expected to arrive at her majesties palace.” Lady Danbury informed the two ladies mother lady Mary. Kate the oldest of the two stretched over to try and read the pamphlet. “He might be a suiter for Edwina.” “Or Kate.” Mary interjected to which Kate scoffed,” My dear I do not understand why you would not consider yourself. Just because Edwina has debuted does not mean you will never find a husband.” Kate huffed “Is there any mention of a certain lord Mountanto?” she asked Lady Danbury. “Who is he, is he another possible suitor? You have not mentioned him before Kate” Edwina asked confused by her sister’s remark. Simon could not blame her. “She means lord Bridgerton, they have a sort of rivalry going on” he explained. Au inspired by Much Ado About Nothing where Kate has been a part of the season since she was 20 and the rest of her family arrive in the season of 1813. Words: 1395, Chapters: 1/?, Language: English Fandoms: Bridgerton (TV), Much Ado About Nothing - Shakespeare Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Warnings: No Archive Warnings Apply Categories: F/M Characters: Kate Sheffield | Kate Sharma, Anthony Bridgerton, Simon Basset, Daphne Bridgerton, Agatha Danbury, Eloise Bridgerton, Penelope Featherington, Edwina Sheffield | Edwina Sharma, Prince Friedrich (Bridgerton) Relationships: Anthony Bridgerton/Kate Sheffield | Kate Sharma, Simon Basset/Daphne Bridgerton, Prince Friedrich/Edwina Sheffield | Edwina Sharma, Simon Basset & Kate Sheffield | Kate Sharma, Edwina Sheffield | Edwina Sharma & Kate Sheffield | Kate Sharma, Daphne Bridgerton & Kate Sheffield | Kate Sharma Additional Tags: Alternate Universe - Canon Divergence, Season 1 & Season 2 Fusion, No beta we die like Edmund Bridgerton read it on AO3 at https://archiveofourown.org/works/56962039

[graceofromanovs]

Orders and Medals → ᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴏʀ ᴀʟᴇxᴀɴᴅᴇʀ ɪ

Emperor Alexander I of Russia, was recorded to have been a recipient of thirty awards. Eight nationals: Order of Saint Andrew, Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky, Order of Saint Anna, Order of Saint John Jerusalem, Order of the Saint George, Order of the White Eagle, Order of Saint Stanislaus, and Order of Virtuti Militari. And twenty-two foreign: Military Order of Maria Therese (Austria), Army Cross 1813/14 (Austria), Order of Saint Hubert (Bavaria), Order of Fidelity (Baden), Order of the Garter (United Kingdom), Order of the Württemberg Crown (Württemberg), Order of Military Merit (Württemberg), Order of the Elephant (Denmark), Order of the Golden Fleece (Spain), Military Order of William (The Netherlands), Order of Saint Janarius (Naples), Neapolitan Constantine Order of Saint George (Naples), Neapolitan Order of Saint Ferdinand and Merit (Naples and Sicily), Sash Order of the Three Order (Portugal), Order of Tower and Sword (Portugal), Iron Cross (Prussia), Order of the Red Eagle (Prussia), Order of the Black Eagle (Prussia), 1813 Campaign Medal (Prussia), Order of the White Falcon (Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach), Supreme Order of the Holy Annunciation (Italy), Legion of Honour (France), Order of Our Lady of Carmel and Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem (France), Order of the Holy Spirit (France), Order of Saint Louis (France), Order of Saint Seraphim (Sweden), and Order of the Sword (Sweden).

[suspiciousmammal]

As it turns out, importing quality horses for your cavalry is quite expensive. And so it was probably frugality and not some equestrian passion that inspired Friedrich Wilhelm I, king of Prussia, to have a stud farm built in the boggy eastern region of his country.

In 1731, the Crown Stud Farm Trakehnen ( “Königliches Stutsamt Trakehnen”) was established. Some decades later it was renamed to Prussian Main State Stud Farm Trakehnen ( “Preußisches Hauptgestüt Trakehnen”). They started off with around 1100 horses, more than 500 of which were broodmares.

The house of the stable master in Trakehnen

While Friedrich Wilhelm I’s successor Friedrich II still preferred to import his cavalry mounts from eastern Europe, the stud farm persisted. Very few horses were imported to improve the breed during his reign. Mainly because Friedrich did not actually give the stud farm in Trakehnen the money to do so, instead demanding that Trakehnen be profitable on its own.

Nevertheless, some Thoroughbred stallions (like the stallions Admiral, Hake and Pitt) and some Turkish and Persian stallions found their way to Prussia. These were notable foundational stallions that helped refine the breed in its early years.

In 1779 Trakehnen’s stable master Domhardt coined the idea of keeping state stallions (so-called “Landbeschaler”) to be used by local private breeders, both for financial gains and to directly improve the overall quality of the horses bred in and around Trakehnen. Initially, 11 state stallions were kept in Trakehnen. This number was increased to 21 once the success of the state stallions became apparent.

A few years later in 1787, breeding practices in the farm were changed quite drastically: Carl Heinrich August Graf von Lindenau, who’d been tasked with managing the state stud farms in Prussia, inspected the breeding stock in Trakehnen. He deemed 25 of the 38 stallions and 144 of the 356 broodmares to be unsuitable for breeding purposes. During this time the broodmares were sorted into different herds based on type and color. They were divided into carriage/heavy herds, riding herds and a light herd.

As far as I’ve read, the heavy herd was divided into a chestnut, bay and black herd, with the riding herd only being further split by color some years later when their numbers grew.

The black herd out on pasture (x)

1787 was also the year when the elk antlers were introduced as the brand for Trakehner horses.

During the Neapolitan wars, the breeding stock had to be evacuated twice to flee from the French troops: once in 1806, and then again in 1812.

This, and the fact that Prussia had lost more than 90 000 horses during the wars, decimated the breeding stock to a point where only around 600 horses suitable for breeding returned to Trakehnen in 1813.

But with patience and persistence the Trakehner horses recovered from the wars. In 1831, the Prussian cavalry finally managed to entirely rely on Prussian-bred horses, instead of importing their mounts. That had been the initial goal when the farm was established one century ago. 

In the 1800s we once again realise that you can’t read about any horse-related history without stumbling over some Thoroughbreds and Arabians. Stallions like Artald, Meteor or the Arabian Nedjed ox were used to refine the breed during this century. 

Thoroughbred stallions like Perfectionist xx continuted to have an impact well into the 1900s.

Nedjed ox (x)

The Trakehners became larger in frame towards the end of the 19th century. Vorwärts (1859) is a nice representative of the Trakehners of this time. In the 1880s, some experimental crossings of Trakehner mares with Hanoverian stallions were done, but the resulting horses weren’t exactly what their breeders had hoped for. So instead, Trakehnen stuck to using English Thoroughbreds.

Apart from the main farm Trakehnen, the state stud farm was expanded upon to include several smaller (that’s relatively speaking.) external farms. There, youngstock was raised, horses were quarantined and certain broodmare herds were kept.

Trakehners became less popular as actual agricultural work horses in the early 1900s. Mainly because, by this time, the breed had a high amount of “blood”, which made them spirited and energetic, and not particularly suitable for the plough.

However, they did become known as exceptional military horses. The methods of selection also tended to favour the athletic, high-energy horses over the quieter, heavy ones.

Unfortunately, war struck once again.

In 1914, Trakehnen had to be evacuated for the third time in its history, this time to flee from the approaching Russians. Lots of mares lost their foals and the youngstock suffered under the stress.

In 1918 they returned to Trakehnen. Several buildings had to be rebuilt, and the wartime crops were small and runty, but the breed survived.

The stallions’ stabling compex, partially destroyed (x)

The Great War is over but the cavalry has proven to be useless in modern warfare. And so the breeding goal for the Trakehner shifts again, from military to agriculture and sports. They moved away from the Arabian-influenced square frame to a more rectangular build with a wider ribcage and a longer back.

This was actually accomplished without much outcrossing. Instead, breeders relied on heavier lines that were already present within the Trakehner population. The stallion Dampfroß is a product of this time.

The Trakehner stallion Dampfroß (x)

Trakehners from this time won the Pardubice Steeplechase, the Derby in Hamburg or dressage and eventing medals in the Olympics.

In 1926, a stallion inspection facility was established in Zwion. Here, the three year old Trakehner stallions could be tested in their ability and quality in direct comparison to one another.

The facility in Zwion was the first of its kind. Breeders liked having formal judgings on the studs available to them, so soon they called for “a Zwion for every studbook”.

We’re approaching the 1930s. The Trakehners are an established, now modernised breed. 350 broodmares in Trakehnen produced around 40 to 50 young studs every year, which, once they’d reached maturity, either remained in Trakehnen or got sent out to various other stud farms.

Thoroughbred and Arabian blood was still used in small doses, now that a heavier type had been established. This time even saw the introduction of a small (less than 20 mares) broodmare herd of Arabians in one of the external farms. Fetysz ox is one of the more well-known Arabian influences of this period.

Fetysz ox (x)

During the 2nd World War, Prussian civilians were prohibited from evacuating even when the impending loss of the Germans had become obvious. Any form of evacuation would’ve gone against the promise of certain victory.

With that, evacuation orders were eventually given in 1944 once the Russian army was only mere kilometers away. Trakehnen was abandoned in a matter of hours.

Of the roughly 15 000 registered Trakehners, only around 700 were still around after the war. I’ll talk about the details of these losses in a separate post. This has gotten a bit lengthier than expected.

[flowwochair]

please do elaborate on angsty bessimu!! you are selling me on this ship very fast

also do you have sources for bessieres’ depression i’m trying to learn more about this pretty man

OMG GLADLY!!! THE MORE BESSIMU FANS THE BETTER!!! To begin with, like I've mentioned before, Murat and Bessières met by attending the same school (the exact age at which they met I am a bit confused on since according to biographies on Murat he started attending when he was 10-12 but I'm unsure when Bessi started attending, I assume around the same age but I am unsure on that due to lack of info on Bessi), I assume Murat must've been somewhat attached to Bessi given they soon afterwards went on to serve in the same guard (both of them dropped out, Murat because he wanted to, Bessi due to financial reasons), which makes their later separation in years between their early 20s and the Italian campaign even more odd to me, I'm not sure what happened, maybe Murat promised to find them better jobs after the guard they were in disbanded, maybe they had a fight, maybe Murat didn't want to leave but something happened so PRIME ANGST TERRITORY!!!!!!!!!!!! Murat managed to reunite with Bessi in Italy around 1796 after which Bessi was promoted and put under Napoleon's command, Bessi would also go on to serve in Egypt, Spain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria with Murat (those are the ones I remember for sure, so I may be missing some due to being unsure whether they were together or not). Their separation after Murat's betrayal was definitely sudden regardless of whether Bessi may have known Murat's intentions or not, we also don't know exactly how Bessi himself felt towards Murat after Murat, but I assume he presented more grief than hostility, or at least that it contributed to worsening his depression. Once again PRIME ANGST TERRITORY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Regarding Bessi's depression, you can find info on it in a couple of his biographies (including his surface level wiki, although there it is mostly implied), some writings from his ADCs for 1810 onwards, and some surviving letters dated from 1810 onwards. Even before the Russian campaign in Spain Bessi was already demonstrating some signs of worsening depression due to his unwillingness to cooperate with colleagues and general apathetic attitude. Bessieres seemed miserable, and the Russian campaign would only go on to worsen this due to him having to witness so much death around him, not to mention the tremendous losses suffered by France during the campaign. To make things worse, after Murat's betrayal, Bessieres, who was already carrying Bernadotte's duties, now also had to carry Murat's, this would overwhelm anyone let alone a person already described as emotionally unstable as Bessieres. From 1811 onwards, Bessieres was consistently disgraced by frequent defeats and failures. By 1813 he seemed to have been at his worse psychologically), although I don't believe he knew he was going to die nor planned his death (the way it played out at least), it was certainly suspicious he showed less commitment and went out of his way to order a great deal of his personal correspondence to be burned.

[vapaus-ystavyys-tasaarvo]

Continuation of the timeline of French history for Les Mis Letters: 1807-1815

Okay I'll be honest, I really do not care about most of the First Empire era, so apologies if I’m just straight up skipping half of the years and making this look really dumb.

Long story short: Napoleon tried to take over the world, managed to conquer like half of Europe, pissed everyone off, then eventually around 1811 or so the French finally started getting tired of the conscription and the endless wars (which had been going since 1792), and... idk, a lot of important stuff happened, but I don’t care. Somebody else can fill these in if they want.

1807

1808

1809

1810

1811

1812: France invades Russia which goes well at first but they get stalled just long enough that winter happens and then it's not so great anymore

1813: France not doing so hot anymore but Napoleon refuses to negotiate

1814: France very much not doing so hot anymore, Paris is occupied by Austria and Prussia and Napoleon finally abdicates, Louis XVIII ascends to the throne, Napoleon exiled to Elba, the Charter of 1814, the congress of Vienna begins

1815: Napoleon escapes from Elba and returns to France on 1 March , reaches Paris on 20 March, reclaiming his throne as Louis XVIII flees, beginning the Hundred Days, the shortlived Charter of 1815, congress of Vienna ends, battle of Waterloo and the end of the Hundred Days, return of Louis XVIII (and the Charter of 1814), Napoleon exiled to Saint-Helena

All of this (except the Saint-Helena bit; he’s still being held in England at this point, I think) happens before The Fall (the next book in Les Mis). So this is where we are now: Napoleon got defeated and the Bourbon royal family came back, then Napoleon came back for a bit and the Bourbons left again, then Napoleon got defeated for real this time in Waterloo and the Bourbons came back again. So now we have the Bourbons and the Second White Terror and France is currently occupied by the allies:

ID: a map of France in 1815-1818, showing the zones of occupation by the various allied forces, notably with Britain holding Normandy, Prussia and Russia most of the rest of the north, and Austria most of the east, including the southeast. Image from Wikipedia.

(If you want to know more about this particular period btw, The Siècle Podcast is a great resource. I mean 1814 onwards specifically.)

[pamelaaminou]

Monday's Photography Inspiration - Édouard Baldus

Édouard Baldus was a French photographer known for his pioneering work in architectural photography and his contributions to the documentation of French monuments and landscapes. Born on June 5, 1813, in Grünebach, Prussia (now part of Germany), Baldus moved to France in his early twenties, where he began his career as a painter and lithographer. In the 1840s, Baldus turned his attention to…

[cinnamonspicewritingroom]

More Than Diamonds

Pairing: Prince Friedrich x Princess! Reader

Description: Britain has gained themselves a new royalty nearing the debutante ball of 1813. Princess Amelia of Siam was sent as the new Ambassador of Siam. In Britain Princess Amelia was able to find her family, but will that be all? 

After the failed courting between Daphne and prince Friedrich, it was a surprise to everyone that he stayed in London. However, Prince Friedrich is anything, but a coward. He came to Britain to find a wife and one failed courting will not chase him out of the country with a tail between his legs. 

What both Amelia and Friedrich never thought to happen is, the friendship that blossomed between them and their growing feelings for one another.

Friedrich was never a coward, but he is when it comes to Amelia. Everyone said Amelia is a genius, but not when it comes to love, because she is truly lost on what to do with these butterflies in her stomach.

Tags: Slow burn, Coming of age, Time-Travel, Back to the past, Friends to Lovers, Royalties, Oblivious!FLxObvious!ML, Jealous! Friedrich, Slightly Possessive! Friedrich, Black cat gf, Golden retriever bf

Timeline: S1&S2

Meet the Main Cast of 'More Than Diamonds' 1813:

Somdet Chao Fa Amelia Chaiya Kanika

Birthday: 5th September, 1796

Age: 16 Years Old (January 1813 | S1), 17 Years Old (September 5th, 1813 & S2) (Current)

Zodiac: Virgo

Relationship: 

Rama II & Lady Felicia of Gloucester (Parents)

Prince William Henry & Abigail Bridgerton (Grandparents)

Daniel & Rama III (Older Brothers)

Residence: Bangkok (Main) | London (Current)

Education: Home schooled (Current)

Face Claim: Lalisa Manoban 

Pimchanok Davika Yontararak 

Birthday: 20th September, 1990

Age: 31 Years Old (Past)

Zodiac: Virgo

Relationship: 

Nipon Yontararak (Mother)

Anada Yontararak (Father)

Residence: Bangkok (Main | Past), California (Past),  Massachusetts (Past) & New York (Past)

Education: 

Caltech (BA: Mathematics & Chemistry, PhD: Chemistry)

M.I.T (PhD: Mathematics)

Harvard University (BA: International Relation & Law, MPA: Public Administration & M.L: Law)

Face Claim: Baifern Pimchanok

Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig

Birthday: 30 October, 1794

Age: 19 years old

Zodiac: Scorpio

Relationship: 

Prince Louis Charles of Prussia (Father) 

Frederica of Mcklenburg-Strelitz (Mother)

Residence: London (Currently) | Berlin (Main)

Face Claim: Freddie Stroma

Chao Khun Phra Felicia

Birthday: April 1, 1770

Age: 43 Years Old

Zodiac: Aries 

Relationship: 

Rama II (Husband)

Amelia (Daughter)

Daniel (Son)

Residence: Bangkok

Education: Home schooled 

Face Claim: Leighton Meester

Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II/Chim)

Birthday: 24 February, 1767

Age: 49 Years Old

Zodiac: Pisces

Relationship: 

Rama I (Father) 

Amarinda (Mother)

Felicia (Wife)

Thap, Daniel, Mongkut (Son)

Apsara (Daughter)

Residence: Bangkok

Education: Royal Institution of Instruction

Face Claim: Henry Golding

Prince William Henry (Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh)

Birthday: 1744

Age: 70 Years Old (1813)

Relationship:

Abigail Bridgerton (Wife)

King George III (Brother)

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sister-in-Law)

The Bridgerton Family (In-Laws)

Residence: Raglan Castle, Monmouthshire in South East Wales

Education: Eton 

Face Claim: Daniel Day Lewis 

Abigail Bridgerton 

Birthday: 1750

Age: 63 Years old (1813)

Relationship: 

The Bridgerton Family

William Henry (Husband)

King George III (Brother-in-Law)

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sister-in-Law)

Residence: Gloucester House 

Education: Homeschooled 

Face Claim: Princess Margaret

Amara Busarakham Yontarak (Lynn)

Birthday: 8 August, 1785

Age: 30 Years Old

Zodiac: Leo

Residence: Bangkok

Education: Home Schooled

Face Claim: Minnie G-IDLE

Channarong Aran Lamon (Hugo)

Birthday: 8 February, 1780

Age: 33 Years Old

Zodiac: Aquarius

Residence: Bangkok

Education: Royal Institution of Instruction

Face Claim: Luke Ishikawa

More Than Diamond's Master List

IMPORTANT NOTES

A/N: Hello, how are you guys? I hope you are well. Regarding this story that is following Julia Quinn's hit series, Bridgerton, I would start by saying I read the book first before I watch the Netflix series, thus I apologize if there are some differences with the Netflix version, but I will try to make it as similar as possible.

I would also ask the readers to be kind when criticizing this story as this is my first time to actually publishing my work in the open.

For the story, as you can see there is a time-travel tag. Our reader was sent back to the past with all the knowledge from the future. If you are also confused with Davika's education, I actually based her using Spencer Reid, a character from Criminal Minds.

If you are not interested or felt like those 2 themes ruined a historical romance story, then please do not leave any bad comments as you can just stop reading this story.

Thank You Very Much!

Much Love,

Cinnamon Meilleure's Writing Room

Edited: 29 March, 2024

[whencyclopedia]

War of the Sixth Coalition

The War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814), known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, was the penultimate conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). The Sixth Coalition, which included Russia, Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, and several German states, defeated the First French Empire and drove Napoleon into exile on the island of Elba.

Continue reading...

[mansnooziesmoosmutzel]

This is the Monument to the Battle of the Nations, located in Leipzig (my hometown), build in 1913. It has a height of 91 meters and so it is one of the biggest monuments in europe.

In Germany this monument is known as Völkerschlachtdenkmal or (in the vernicular) simply Völki

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After the disastrous Campaign against Russia in 1812, the Grande Armée was no longer considered invincible. So from 16 to 19 October 1813, Leipzig was the scene of the Battle of the Nations. The allied armies of Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden won a decisive victory over Napoleon and his allies. The result: 600,000 soldiers from over twenty nations took part, 100,000 were killed or wounded. Napoleon's Grande Nation collapsed and the Confederation of the Rhine fell apart.

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I have watched the film NAPOLEON two days ago and I was dissapointed to see that the Battle of the Nations was not mentioned there. With no single word. Neither in the film nor in the statistics at the end.