#prophet muhammad death

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

[muslimah255]

From Sahih Muslim

[girlactionfigure]

hunting Jews: the truth about Hamas

SEPTEMBER 15, 2024

Islam is a religion.

Islamism is a political ideology.

Recently rescued Israeli hostage, Qaid Farhan Alkadi, an Israeli Bedouin Muslim, gave the following testimony:

Farhan’s testimony, along with a plethora of other evidence, only makes what we’ve been saying all along abundantly clear: Hamas is not a “resistance” group against oppression. Hamas is a genocidal antisemitic terrorist group that targets Jews.

ISLAMISM IS AN INHERENTLY ANTISEMITIC IDEOLOGY

Hamas is an Islamist terrorist group. What does this mean? 

Islamists believe that the doctrines of Islam should be congruent with those of the state. Islamists work to implement nation-states governed under Islamic Law (Sharia), emphasize pan-Islamic unity (in most cases, hoping for an eventual worldwide Islamic Caliphate, or empire), support the creation of Islamic theocracies, and reject all non-Muslim influences. For this reason, Islamists tend to portray themselves as “anti-imperialist,” while in truth they are striving to swap western imperialism with Islamic imperialism.

Islamist ideology can be traced back to Hassan al-Banna and the Muslim Brotherhood, founded in 1928. Al-Banna viewed the 1924 dissolution of the last Islamic Caliphate, the Ottoman Empire, and the European colonization of the Middle East, beginning with France’s 1830 occupation of Algeria, as an affront to Islam. The early 20th century was a period of rapid secularization in the Middle East, when Arab nationalism threatened to replace pan-Islamic identity with a pan-Arab identity. Al-Banna opposed all of this, hoping to return to “authentic” Islamic practice through the (re)establishment of the Islamic Caliphate.

Islamism is an antisemitic ideology. Islamists hate Jews -- and by extension, the Jewish state -- because of the Prophet Muhammad’s conflict with the Jewish tribes of the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century. Islamistsbelieve that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is rooted in a struggle between Muslims and their “eternal enemies,” the Jews.

Hassan Al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, viewed the dissolution of the last Islamic Caliphate (empire) and the secularization of the Muslim world as an affront to Islam.

ISLAMISM, DHIMMITUDE, AND THE JEWS

Islamists seek to revive “authentic Islamic practice,” by which they mean, essentially, that they wish to go back in time. This desire to turn back the clock puts them in conflict with Jews for two reasons:

During his earliest conquests, the Prophet Muhammad and his army came into fierce conflict with a number of Jewish tribes that had settled in Arabia, some of which had refused to convert to Islam and even accused Muhammad and his followers of appropriating figures from the Torah. For Islamists, this initial conflict between Jews and the earliest Muslims is “proof” that Jews are “eternal enemies” of Islam.

Following Muhammad’s death in 632, the Arab Islamic empires conquered lands exponentially quickly. As a result of this rapid colonization, the Muslim authorities were faced with the “problem” of how to handle the conquered Indigenous peoples that resisted conversion to Islam. This “problem” was solved with a treaty known as the Pact of Umar. This so-called treaty allowed select religious and cultural minorities, known as dhimmis, or “People of the Book,” to practice their beliefs so long as they paid the “jizya” tax and abided by a set of restrictive, second-class citizenship laws.

Under Islamist regimes, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jews are, to this day, still treated as dhimmis.

THE GENOCIDAL ANTISEMITISM OF THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD

Hamas emerged as the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood. Hassan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, worshipped Adolf Hitler.

Like Hitler, al-Banna sought to exterminate all Jews…in his case, from the Middle East.

According to German documents from the period, in the 1940s, the Nazis trained some 700 members of the Muslim Brotherhood. Nazi Germany heavily funded the Brotherhood, which contributed to its massive growth. In 1938, the Brotherhood had some 800 members. By the end of World War II, it had grown to a million members.

In 1939, Germany “transferred to al-Banna some E£1000 per month, a substantial sum at the time. In comparison, the Muslim Brotherhood fundraising for the cause of Palestine yielded E£500 for that entire year.”

Naturally, Nazism deeply influenced the Muslim Brotherhood’s ideology. 

The father of Palestinian nationalism, Haj Amin al-Husseini, was a prominent member of the Muslim Brotherhood. Yasser Arafat, the most influential Palestinian leader of all time, began his “career” fighting for the Muslim Brotherhood. Which brings us to Hamas. Hamas’s founder, Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Hassan Yassin, was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and was responsible for establishing the Brotherhood’s Palestinian branch. In 1987, he founded Hamas.

The Muslim Brotherhood’s hatred for Jews goes far beyond its original Nazi affiliations. During the 1936-1939 Arab Revolt in Mandatory Palestine, during which Palestinian Arabs revolted against Jewish immigration and carried out a number of antisemitic massacres, the Muslim Brotherhood began disseminating antisemitic rhetoric, often targeting the Egyptian Jewish community.

Al-Nadhir, the Muslim Brotherhood’s magazine, published openly antisemitic articles, peddling conspiracy theories and demonizing the Egyptian Jewish community for its success in various industries. Notably, Al-Nadhir even called for the expulsion of Jews from Egypt, accusing Jews of “corrupting” Egypt and calling Jews a “societal cancer.” Al-Nadhir made boycott lists of Jewish businesses.

Unfortunately, the Muslim Brotherhood’s antisemitism is not a relic of the past. Mohammed Badie, the Muslim Brotherhood’s present day “Supreme Guide,” believes Jews “spread corruption on earth” and calls for “holy jihad” as an antidote.

THE ORIGINAL HAMAS CHARTER: EXPLICITLY GENOCIDAL

Hamas’s founding 1988 charter is explicitly antisemitic and genocidal. Below are some excerpts:

“Our struggle against the Jews is very great and very serious.” -- Introduction

“The Day of Judgement will not come about until Moslems fight the Jews (killing the Jews), when the Jew will hide behind stones and trees. The stones and trees will say O Moslems, O Abdulla, there is a Jew behind me, come and kill him. Only the Gharkad tree, (evidently a certain kind of tree) would not do that because it is one of the trees of the Jews." -- Article 7

“In face of the Jews' usurpation of Palestine, it is compulsory that the banner of Jihad be raised.” -- Aritcle 15 

“With their money, they took control of the world media, news agencies, the press, publishing houses, broadcasting stations, and others. With their money they stirred revolutions in various parts of the world with the purpose of achieving their interests and reaping the fruit therein. They were behind the French Revolution, the Communist revolution and most of the revolutions we heard and hear about, here and there. With their money they formed secret societies, such as Freemasons, Rotary Clubs, the Lions and others in different parts of the world for the purpose of sabotaging societies and achieving Zionist interests. With their money they were able to control imperialistic countries and instigate them to colonize many countries in order to enable them to exploit their resources and spread corruption there.” -- Article 22

“Israel, Judaism and Jews challenge Islam and the Moslem people.” -- Article 28

BUT...HAMAS CHANGED THEIR CHARTER!

Some Hamas apologists will tell you that Hamas no longer intends to exterminate all Jews, because in 2017, they “replaced their [openly genocidal] charter.” Well, lucky for you, Hamas is here to set the record straight. See, after releasing their “new” charter, Hamas co-founder Mahmoud al-Zahar assured the media that the 2017 document did not replace their original 1988 charter.

The 2017 document was thus not a “new” charter from a “reformed” Hamas, but rather, a propaganda document aimed at redeeming Hamas’s image to the west.

Since 2017, Hamas has made openly genocidal calls toward Jews. For example: 

In 2018, Hamas’s Al-Aqsa TV media channel predicted “the cleansing of Palestine of the filth of the Jews.”

In 2019, Hamas Political Bureau member Fathi Hammad said, “You seven million Palestinians abroad, enough warming up! There are Jews everywhere! We must attack every Jew on planet Earth –- we must slaughter and kill them, with Allah’s help.” In 2021, Hammad called, via Al-Aqsa TV, for the Palestinians in Jerusalem to “cut off the heads of the Jews.”

In May of 2021, the leader of Hamas, Yahya Sinwar, led a rally in which the crowd was encouraged to chant, "We will trample on the heads of the Jews in front of everyone..."

ISLAMIST INFLUENCE ON PALESTINIAN NATIONALISM

The earliest Arab nationalists in Palestine were not necessarily Islamists. Falastin, an influential anti-Zionist, Arab nationalist newspaper, was founded by two Palestinian Christians in 1911. Khalil Beidas, who was the first Arab to identify as Palestinian, in 1898, was a Christian. Nevertheless, the Palestinian nationalist movement soon fell under the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Initially, Palestinian Arab nationalists advocated for a unified Arab state in Greater Syria. In 1920, Haj Amin al-Husseini began advocating for an independent Palestinian Arab state. To draw people to his cause, which was not yet well-known to the average population, he began emphasizing the importance of Palestine to Islam, and particularly the importance of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque. Soon, he began disseminating the libel that the Jews intended to destroy Al-Aqsa Mosque. This libel has cost thousands of Jewish lives and is spread widely to this day.

Early on, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt adopted the Palestinian cause. After World War II, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who had spent the war working as a propagandist for the Nazis in Berlin, escaped to Egypt with the help of the Muslim Brotherhood.

The Muslim Brotherhood fought against the State of Israel in 1948, along with other Islamist militias, such as the Army of the Holy War. Among its fighters were Yasser Arafat. In the 1960s, Arafat came under the influence of the Soviet Union and shifted his image to that of a communist counterrevolutionary, as opposed to an Islamist, though his rhetoric in Arabic continued emphasizing the importance of jihad and Al-Aqsa Mosque to the Palestinian movement. Nevertheless, after Islamic Revolution in Iran, after which the Islamic Republic adopted the Palestinian movement, and with the establishment of Hamas and groups such as Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Palestinian nationalism has once again been undergone an Islamization.

rootsmetals

as always: this post is not an endorsement of any given Israeli policy or politician. You can be highly critical of Israel’s handling of the situation without obfuscating or whitewashing the origins and goals of this ideology. It always, always came down to antisemitism. I won’t engage with straw man arguments in the comments 😗

MAIN SOURCES on Instagram

[curtwilde]

The oldest Sufi shrine in Delhi has been demolished.

"The earliest Sufi Shrine in Delhi - belonging to a relative of Prithviraj Chauhan and dating from BEFORE the Turkish conquest - has been Demolished by the Delhi Development Authority in an "anti encroachment" drive.

In the late 12th century, a group of Afghan pastoralists, suddenly burst onto the world stage. In a matter of years, they toppled their rulers of Ghazni and seized major Persian cities like Herat, and then established the major Indian sultanate in Delhi.

We often think of this "Islamic invasion" as the start of the Muslim presence in India. Yet recent scholarship has shown that by the time of Ghori's conquest of Delhi, Muslims were already a central part of Indian society

Some of the earliest mosques are found in Kerala, dating from a few decades after the prophet Muhammad's death. Tamil Pallava, Chola and Pandya kings all built sizeable mosques

Delhi also had a single sufi shrine before the Afghan conquest - this one.

Until 31 January, when it was demolished, the shrine of Baba Haji Rozbih had been located by the Fateh Burj, or Victory Gate of Lal Kot. The grave next to it under a reddish Chador belongs to his female disciple Bibi. Bibi was said to be a close relative of Prithviraj Chauhan who embraced Islam under the aegis of Haji Rozbih.

This demolition is an UTTERLY MINDLESS LOSS and complete cultural desecration.

What's more the "anti encroachment" drive is apparently scheduled to include the Aashiq Allah Dargah dated to 1317AD which is where the great Punjabi Saint Baba Farid used to meditate, and his small 'chillagah' is still visible here.

Please do share and write about this so we can save what remains! "

- from the historian Sam Dalrymple .

...

This is the third Islamic structure to be demolished in Delhi this month. Isn't it funny how only certain structures are the victim of anti- encroachment drives? This is part of a planned programme by the current right-wing government of India that is violently islamophobic and wants to create a hindu ethnostate modeled after Israel.

[al-islam]

Why is it so hard to get into Al Jannah?

Hard!!

The Prophet Mohammad ﷺ said, 'Whoever prays the two cool prayers will enter Paradise.'" Fajr (dawn) and Asr (afternoon) prayers

He ﷺ also said, "Whoever asks Allah for Paradise three times, Paradise(Al-Jannah) will say, 'Ya Allah, admit him into Paradise.' And whoever seeks protection from Hellfire three times, Hellfire will say, 'Ya Allah, protect him from Hellfire.'"

And He ﷺ said: "There is none of you who performs ablution (wudu) and does it well, then says: 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, alone with no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger,' except that the eight gates of Paradise are opened for him, and he may enter through whichever one he wishes."

And He ﷺ also said "Whoever’s last words are 'There is no god but Allah' will enter Paradise."

And He ﷺ said "Whoever recites Ayat al-Kursi after every obligatory prayer will have nothing standing between him and entering Paradise except death."

And He ﷺ also said "Allah has ninety-nine names.Whoever enumerates them (knows and acts upon them) will enter Paradise."

[catinafigtree]

Hi, do you have any tips on how to be comfortable being a Muslim while being queer?

I've been trying to do that for a very long time, focusing on my faith in Allah, but it's a bit hard and I always get demotivated randomly :(

Hey! Salam! Sorry for the kind of late response, moving houses has been hectic. This will be a long response (sorry), so I will put it under the cut.

I want to preface this by saying every queer person is different. I don't know the specifics of your identity so I am going to cover both sexual queerness and gender queerness.

My biggest obstacle in nurturing my relationship with Allah was believing that the way I am was haram, and even that I was cursed by Allah. I no longer believe this, but it was a long road.

Sexuality

I don't believe that homosexuality is haram. The common claim that the story of Lut is about homosexuality is full of holes and inconsistencies and it's largely based on the Christian religious tradition, even if the grammar of the Qur'an doesn't align with the Christian tradition (eg. the Qur'an uses the word "banaat" for Prophet Lut's (as) daughters. Bannat is plural, meaning 3 or more daughters, and in the traditional telling Lut (as) has 2 daughters).

Here is a really good study by Nahida Nisa:

I recommend reading all of Nahida's things because she's an amazing writer.

And a video from Dr. Shehnaz Haqaani's (PhD, Islamic Studies) podcast "What The Patriarchy":

and you can find her blog here

These articles from the blog, Lamp of Islam are also pretty good. He is a hardcore Qur'anist with some strange opinions, so peruse his blog with caution.

Letting go of the belief that the way I am was haram and that Allah had cursed me was the most critical part of fixing my iman and overall nurturing my relationship with Allah.

Also, it doesn't make any sense that The All-Merciful, Allah would make someone with an innate attraction to the same gender and then forbid them from "acting on it".

The Prophet (salla Allahu alayhi wa salam) never punished anyone for homosexuality, after his death, his companions debated whether or not to punish homosexuals and they could not come to a conclusion.

Gender

The Qur'an seems to acknowledge the differences between sex and gender. For example, the word for 'man' in the Qur'an is rijal and the word for 'male' is dhukran. And the word for 'woman' is nisa, but the word for 'female' is untsa. You can read Lamp of Islam's article on the meanings of these words here.

There also may be a vague reference to intersex and/or gender non-conforming people in verse 42:50.

There are also some hadith that seem to imply that gender non-conforming people were accepted around Prophet Muhammad (salla Allahu alayhi wa salam). Prophet Muhammad's (Salla Allahu alayhi wa salam) wife Umm Salama (Radi Allahu anha) had a seemingly close friend who was then called a 'mukhanath', named Hit, who was described as a 'male who exhibited effeminate traits' was was welcome into the private women's section of the Prophet's (Salla Allahu alayhi wa salam) home. Today this person might have been a gay man (who displayed effeminate traits by accepting the "woman's role" (🙄) in relationships), or, more likely IMO, this person would be considered a trans woman today.

Hit was punished by the Prophet (salla Allahu alayhi wa salam), but not for their sexuality/gender expression, they were punished for describing a woman's body to a man, which was possible because they were allowed into both men's and women's spaces. The punishment of Hit is often used as 'evidence' to support homophobia and transphobia, but they neglect to mention the specific reason that Hit was punished.

You can read more about queerness in Islamic history here.

The link above takes you to Muslims For Progressive Values, they also offer marriage services for queer Muslims and interfaith couples, specifically for Muslim women seeking to marry non-Muslim men.

Here is a link to MPV's video series, but massive trigger warning for the comment section.

And a second MPV video series.

And another article from MPV.

More Tips

As I said, learning about LGBTQ Islamic History helped me a lot.

Keep your relationship with Allah between you and Him. Only share it with people who you 100% trust, because religion is extremely personal.

Find your people. Whether online or in-person, a community of people like you is important.

Know that Allah knows you, your identity, and the way you feel. Ultimately, Allah is your creator and we will only return to him. And we, as queer people KNOW that this is the way we were created. Nobody can tell you that who you are is false because they have no way to know that.

Block. Block. Block. Block. Block anyone who is being a problem, who might become a problem in the future. Block them all. Block Islamophobic queers, block queerphobic Muslims. Protect your peace and your relationship with Allah at all costs.

Here are people that I block quickly: anyone who has outwardly queerphobic or Islamophobic things posted on their page. Salafis and Wahabis. The black flag freaks: those with black flags in their user names/bios. I block people for the comments they leave all the time. Generally, I don't wait for them to do something, I block them on sight.

You mentioned that you struggle with low imaan sometimes. It's important to know that fluctuations of imaan are normal and completely natural. But I'm assuming since you've sent this ask, you always come back, which is what's important.

Here is another video from Dr. Shehnaz Haqaani's (PhD Islamic Studies) Podcast for Muslims who struggle to practice.

And a TikTok from @/soundous.boualam:

My biggest tip for building faith is to start slow.

Pray one prayer a day at first, and wait until that prayer is deeply ingrained into your habits, then add another. I recommend starting with Isha before bed. Don't try to do everything at once. You'll burn yourself out.

Build up the fard actions. Your prayers, primarily.

If you can take on more, add in the dhikr after prayer (subhanallah 33x, alhamdullilah 33x, and allahu akbar 34x). Or add dhikr in throughout your day. I use an app called Azkar that I set to send notifications to remind me to do various worship activities.

When I braid my hair I say alhamdullilah every time I cross a piece over another.

If you can, it might also help to put a poster or picture on your wall with your favorite Qur'an verse, hadith, or Islamic quote on your wall, or make your screensaver a reminder to remember Allah.

You can also buy or make a beaded tasbih bracelet, sometimes having something on your wrist can make it easier to remember.

I also like to spend 20-30 minutes every morning after Fajr to just spend time with Allah, talk to Him, and read the Qur'an.

But also remember that you don't only get rewarded for outright acts of worship. You get rewarded for caring for your body, taking a nap when you're tired, eating food, drinking water, caring for pets, and spending time with family. All of that stuff is worship.

Be easy with yourself. Allah does not want hardship for you (2:185).

And I'll leave you with a Qur'an verse.

It was We Who created man, and We know what his soul whispers to him, and We are closer to him that [his] jugular vein. (50:16)

I hope this helps you some. I love you. Allah loves you. May Allah bless you with peace, imaan, and His abundant guidance and mercy, Allahumma Ameen.

You can ask questions in the comments or in asks if you want.

[secular-jew]

While there were periods of coexistence with Jews in the Levant, let this brief history disavow you of the notion, being promulgated all over the internet (and especially my inbox) that Jews were treated "well" by Muslims.

Similar in many ways to the dehumanization and murder at the hands of European Christianity, the Jews in Muslim-controlled lands, starting with Muhammad (exemplified in Islam as not just a prophet, but the "perfect example of human being") suffered continuous waves of ethnic-cleansing pogroms and massacres, culminating in the Massacres in southern Israel on October 7th.

This is a short list:

622 - 627: Ethnic cleansing of Jews literally from Mecca and Medina, (Jewish boys with pubic hair were executed along with the men). Over 800 adult males were killed by beheading. Women were forced into sexual slavery, and the children were given to Islamic Jihadis as slaves. Mohammad force-married Safiyyah, after murdering her husband and father.

629: 1st Alexandria Massacres of Jews, Egypt.

622 - 634: Exterminations of Arabian Jewish tribes.

1106: Ali Ibn Yousef Ibn Tashifin of Marrakesh decrees death penalty for any local Jew, including his Jewish Physician, and as well as his Jewish military general.

1033: 1st massacre of Jews in Fez, Morocco.

1148: Almohadin of Morocco gives Jews the choice of converting to Islam, or expulsion.

1066: Granada Massacre of Jews, Muslim-occupied Spain.

1165 - 1178: Jews of Yemen given the choice (under new constitution) to either convert to Islam or die.

1165: Chief Rabbi of the Maghreb was publicly burnt alive. The Rambam (Maimonides, Moses ben Maimon), forced to flee Spain to Egypt.

1220: Tens of thousands of Jews massacred by Muslims Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt, after being blamed for Mongol invasion.

1270: Sultan Baibars of Egypt resolved to burn all the Jews, a ditch having been dug for that purpose; but at the last moment he repented, and instead exacted a heavy tribute, during the collection of which many perished.

1276: 2nd Fez Pogrom (massacre) against Jews in Morocco

1385: Khorasan Massacres against Jews in Iran

1438: 1st Mellah Ghetto massacres against Jews in Morocco.

1465: 3rd Fez Pogrom against Jews in Morocco, leaving only 11 Jews left alive.

1517: 1st Safed Pogrom in Muslim Ottoman controlled Judea

1517: 1st Hebron Pogrom in Muslim-controlled Judea, by occupying Ottomans.

1517: Marsa ibn Ghazi Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Libya.

1577: Passover Massacre throughout the Ottoman Empire.

1588 - 1629: Mahalay Pogroms of Jews in Iran.

1630 - 1700: Yemenite Jews considered 2nd class citizens and subjugated under strict Shi'ite 'dhimmi' rules.

1660: 2nd Judean Pogrom, in Safed Israel (Ottoman-controlled Palestine).

1670: Expulsion of Mawza Jews in Yemen.

1679 - 1680: Massacres of Jews in Sanaa, Yemen.

1747: Massacres of the Jews of Mashhad, Iran.

1785: Pogrom of Libyan Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripoli, Libya.

1790 - 92: Tetuan Pogrom. Morocco (Jews of Tetuuan stripped naked, and lined up for Muslim perverts).

1800: Decree passed in Yemen, criminalizing Jews from wearing clothing that is new or good, or from riding mules or donkeys. Jews were also rounded up for long marches naked through the Roob al Khali dessert.

1805: 1st Algiers Massacre/Pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria.

1808: 2nd Ghetto Massacres in Mellah, Morocco.

1815: 2nd Algiers massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria.

1820: Sahalu Lobiant Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1828: Baghdad massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Iraq.

1830: 3rd massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algiers, Algeria.

1830: Ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran.

1834: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Hebron, Judea.

1834: Massacre/pogrom of Safed Jews in Ottoman-controlled Palestine/Judea.

1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews in Iran.

1840: Damascus Affair following first of many blood libels against Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1844: 1st Cairo Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1847: Dayr al-Qamar massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon.

1847: Ethnic cleansing of the Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman-controlled Palestine.

1848: 1st Damascus massacre/pogrom, in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1850: 1st Aleppo massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1860: 2nd Damascus massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1862: 1st Beirut massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon.

1866: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans Kuzguncuk, Turkey.

1867: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Barfurush, Turkey.

1868: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Eyub, Turkey.

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia.

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Sfax, Tunisia.

1864 - 1880: Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Marrakesh, Morocco.

1870: 2nd Alexandria Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1870: 1st Istanbul massacre of Jews in Ottoman Turkey.

1871: 1st Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1872: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Edirne, Turkey.

1872: 1st Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Izmir, Turkey.

1873: 2nd Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1874: 2nd Izmir massacre of Jews in Turkey.

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Istanbul Turkey.

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Beirut, Lebanon.

1875: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Aleppo, Syria.

1875: Massacre of Jews in Djerba Island, Ottoman-controlled Tunisia.

1877: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanhur, Egypt.

1877: Masaacres of Jews in Mansura, Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1882: Masacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Homs, Syria.

1882: 3rd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1890: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damascus, Syria.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia

1891: 4th massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanahur, Egypt.

1897: Targeted murder of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripolitania, Libya.

1903 &1907: Masaacres of Hews in Ottoman-controlled Taza & Settat, Morocco.

1901 - 1902: 3rd set of massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1901 - 1907: 4th set of Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1903: 1st massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Sa'id, Egypt.

1903 - 1940: Series of massacres in Taza and Settat, Morocco.

1907: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Casablanca, Morocco.

1908: 2nd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Said, Egypt.

1910: Blood libel against Jews in Shiraz, Iran.

1911: Masaacre of Jews by Muslims in Shiraz, Iran.

1912: 4th massacre in Ottoman-controlled Fez, Morocco.

1917: Baghdad Iraq Jews murdered by Ottomans.

1918 - 1948: Yemen passes a law criminalizing the raising of a Jewish orphan in Yemen.

1920: Massacres of Jews in Irbid Jordan (British mandate Palestine).

1920 - 1930: Arab riots resulting in hundreds of Jewish deaths, British mandate Palestine.

1921: 1st Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1922: Massacres of Jews in Djerba, Tunisia.

1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery, and forced toonvert to Islam by Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen.

1929: 3rd Hebron (Israel) massacre of Jews by Arabs in British mandate Palestine.

1929 3rd massacre of Jews by Arabs in Safed (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1933: 2nd Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1934: Massacre of Jews in Thrace, Turkey.

1936: 3rd riots by Arabs against Jews in Jaffa (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1941: Masaacres of Jews in Farhud, Iraq.

1942: Muslim leader Grand Mufti collaboration with the Nazis, playing a major role in the final solution.

1938 - 1945: Full alliance and collaboration by Arabs with the Nazis in attacking and murdering Jews in the Middle East and Africa.

1945: 4th massacre of Jews by Muslims in Cairo, Egypt.

1945: Masaacre of Jews in Tripolitania, Libya.

1947: Masaacre of Jews by Muslims in Aden, Yemen.

2023: Massacre, rape, torture and kidnapping of ~1,500 Israelis (mostly Jews) by Muslims in numerous towns throughout southern Israel.

[whencyclopedia]

Umayyad Dynasty

The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE), the first dynasty to take the title of Caliphate, was established in 661 CE by Muawiya (l. c. 602-680 CE), who had served as the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, after the death of the fourth caliph, Ali in 661 CE. The Umayyads ruled effectively and firmly established the political authority of the Caliphate, rebellions were crushed with brute force, and no quarter was given to those who stirred uprisings.

They ruled over a large empire, to which they added vast newly conquered areas such as that of North Africa (beyond Egypt), Spain, Transoxiana, parts of the Indian subcontinent, and multiple islands in the Mediterranean (but most of these were lost). Although the empire was at its ever largest size during their reign, internal divisions and civil wars weakened their hold over it, and in 750 CE, they were overthrown by the Abbasids (r. 750-1258 CE, a rival Arab faction who claimed to be descended from the Prophet's uncle Abbas).

Prelude

After the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), Abu Bakr (r. 632-634 CE, a senior companion of the Prophet) took the title of the Caliph, hence forming the basis of the Islamic Caliphates (intermittently: 632-1924 CE). Abu Bakr was the first of the four initial caliphs referred collectively by the mainstream Sunni Muslims as the Rashidun Caliphs, while the Shia Muslims only consider the fourth one of these, Ali (a close companion and son-in-law of the Prophet), the sole legitimate candidate for the Caliphate.

In the Rashidun period, the armies of Islam launched full-scale invasions into Syria, the Levant, Egypt, parts of North Africa, the islands of the Greek archipelago, and the whole of the Sassanian Empire. These conquests were initiated by Abu Bakr and successfully carried on by his successors Umar (r. 634-644 CE) and Uthman (r. 644-656 CE). Uthman, however, was not a strong ruler and was murdered in his own house by rebels in 656 CE. His death marked the breaking point in the history of the Islamic empire: his successor Ali (r. 656-661 CE) was pinned between handling a disintegrating realm and people insisting that justice be served to his dead predecessor.

Ali was faced with opposition, most notably from the governor of Syria, Muawiya (l. c. 602-680 CE). Muawiya was a cousin of Uthman; he refused to settle for anything less than the execution of his kinsman's assailants. Civil war erupted, the First Fitna (656-661 CE), which ended with Ali's murder at the hands of an extremist group called the Kharjites. These zealots had made an attempt on Muawiya's life as well, but the latter survived with only a minor injury.

Continue reading...

[uma1ra]

﷽

The Golden advice from Prophet Muhammad ﷺ

• Respect 3 people:

1. Parents

2. Teachers

3. Elderly

• Save yourself from 3 things:

1. Bad Deeds

2. Backbiting

3. Jealousy

• Have 3 things in you:

1. Honesty

2. Faith

3. Good Deeds

• Obtain 3 things:

1. Knowledge

2. Manners

3. Piety

• Free yourself from 3 things:

1. Arrogance (superiority complex & denying the truth)

2. Cheating

3. Debt

• Keep 3 things pure:

1. Body

2. Clothes

3. Thoughts

• Have control over 3 things:

1. Tongue

2. Anger

3. Soul (self desires)

• Remember 3 things:

1. Death

2. Favor (others helping you)

3. Advice

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

Published: Dec 7, 2022

What is believed to be the first public execution in Afghanistan since the Taliban seized power last year, drew criticism from the UN human rights office, OHCHR on Wednesday. Spokesperson Jeremy Laurence described it as a “deeply disturbing” development. 

Moreover, he added, it was performed in the presence of local residents and some senior members of the de facto authorities. 

Reminding that public executions constitute a form of “cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”, he stressed that they are “arbitrary in nature and contrary to the right to life protected under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Afghanistan is a State party”.  

According to news reports, the man put to death was accused of murder in western Farah province, after being accused of fatally stabbing another man, 5 years ago. A Taliban Spokesperson reportedly said the execution was carried out by the father of the victim. 

Over a dozen senior Taliban officials were reported to have been in attendance. In recent weeks, the country’s supreme court has announced a return to public lashings of men and women, for offences such as robbery and adultery. 

Prohibit capital punishment  

The death penalty is incompatible with fundamental tenets of human rights, and its use cannot be reconciled with full respect for the right to life, said OHCHR’s Jeremy Laurence.   

“We urge the de facto authorities to establish an immediate moratorium on any further executions, and act swiftly to prohibit use of the death penalty in its entirety”. 

The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) echoed that message on social media.  

“The UN strongly opposes the death penalty in all circumstances”, it tweeted, urging the Taliban to establish and immediate moratorium on executions, “with a view to abolishing the death penalty”. 

==

I mean, the Afghanistan government is the Taliban. They're violent fundamentalist fanatics with their appalling god and scriptural book of war on their side, telling them what to do. Anything so considered as an appeal to human rights is not only unrealistic but also blasphemous. They're just doing exactly what Muhammad, "the perfect human," and "an excellent model of conduct," did.

“We want to live a life like the Prophet lived 1,400 years ago and jihad is our right. We want to recreate the time of the Prophet and we are only carrying out what the Afghan people have wanted for the past 14 years.” – Ahmed Rashid, “Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond”

[muslimah255]

From Quran Kareem

[girlactionfigure]

🧵𝐍𝐨, 𝐈𝐭 𝐃𝐢𝐝𝐧’𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟕𝐭𝐡: 𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐉𝐞𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐭.🧵

Thread: The idea that Arabs loved Jews until the creation of Israel is a widespread and untrue myth. Many believe that Jews were welcomed and lived peacefully among Arabs until the establishment of the modern state of Israel in 1948. This view is not only historically inaccurate but dangerously overlooks the long and painful history of Jewish suffering in the Middle East. Long before Zionism, Jews faced massacres, forced conversions, and expulsions in regions once ruled by the Arabs. In fact, Jews in the Arab world endured centuries of persecution under both Muslim and Ottoman rulers. Here’s a look at some of the most significant massacres and pogroms throughout this period, revealing the true story of Jewish life in the Middle East.

1. The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza (627 CE).

Long before Zionism, Jewish communities in the Middle East endured persecution, including one of the earliest and most harrowing incidents: the massacre of the Banu Qurayza in Medina during the time of the Prophet Muhammad.

The Banu Qurayza, a Jewish tribe in Medina, had entered into a pact with Muhammad under the Constitution of Medina, which allowed Muslims and Jews to coexist. However, during the Battle of the Trench, the tribe was accused of conspiring with Muhammad’s enemies, the Quraysh. After the Muslim victory, Muhammad and his forces besieged the Banu Qurayza’s fortress, forcing their surrender.

What followed was brutal. A tribunal led by Sa’d ibn Mu’adh sentenced all adult males of the tribe to death and enslaved the women and children. To determine who qualified as an “adult male,” boys were subjected to inspections for signs of puberty, specifically the presence of pubic hair. Those deemed adults were executed alongside the men. Historical sources, such as Ibn Ishaq and al-Tabari, report that between 600 and 900 men and boys were killed, their bodies dumped into trenches.

The Banu Qurayza’s women and children were sold into slavery, marking the total destruction of the tribe. This event illustrates the precarious and often deadly position of Jewish communities in the early Islamic period, long before the creation of Israel or the modern conflict in the region.

2/ Granada Massacre (1066) - Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain).

The first well-documented massacre of Jews in the Middle East dates back to 1066 in Granada, part of the Muslim-ruled Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain). After a Jewish vizier, Joseph Ibn Naghrela, was blamed for the death of the Muslim king, the situation escalated. A mob of Muslims, inspired by rumors and political tension, attacked the Jewish population of Granada. Over 4,000 Jews were slaughtered in a brutal pogrom that saw entire families butchered, their homes looted, and their properties destroyed. This massacre was part of a larger pattern of Jewish scapegoating across Muslim-ruled territories during periods of political instability. The massacre marked a turning point for Jews in the Iberian Peninsula, with many fleeing to other parts of the Muslim world for safety.

3/ The Persecution of Jews in Yemen: 1165 to 1679

The Jewish community in Yemen endured centuries of brutal persecution, systemic discrimination, and forced displacement, with two particularly devastating events defining their history before modern Zionism.

In 1165, during the reign of the Muslim leader Abd-al-Nabi ibn Mahdi, Yemen’s Jews faces an ultimatum: convert to Islam or face death. This period marked one of the earliest recorded instances of mass violence against Yemeni Jews. Synagogues were destroyed, and Jewish religious practices were outlawed. While some Jews fled or were forcibly converted, others were massacred for refusing to abandon their faith. This event signified the precarious existence of Jews in Yemen, where tolerance depended on the ruler’s whims.

Centuries later, in 1679, the Yemeni Jewish community faced an even more catastrophic event known as the Mawza Exile. Under the rule of Imam Al-Mahdi Ahmad, all Jews were expelled from their homes and forced into the barren Mawza desert. The journey itself claimed thousands of lives due to starvation and disease. Those who survived the desert exile were not allowed to return to their homes for several years, and when they did, they found their properties confiscated and their communities decimated. This period permanently weakened the Jewish presence in Yemen.

Throughout these centuries, Yemeni Jews were subjected to the degrading status of dhimmi under Islamic law, requiring them to pay exorbitant taxes, wear distinctive clothing, and accept legal and social inferiority. Forced conversions, kidnappings, and violent riots were regular occurrences. Despite these challenges, the community persisted, holding on to their traditions and faith until most were ultimately forced to leave Yemen in the mid-20th century.

4/ The  Safed Attacks (1517).

In 1517, following the Ottoman conquest of the Levant from the Mamluks, chaos erupted in the  city of Safed, one of the holiest cities in Judaism. The transition of power unleashed lawlessness, and Jewish communities became an easy target for violence.

Led by rogue Ottoman soldiers and local mobs, the attacks on Safed’s Jews were devastating. Homes and synagogues were looted and burned, and many Jews were brutally murdered. The violence displaced much of Safed’s Jewish population, forcing survivors to flee to neighboring areas.

Safed had been a center of Jewish learning and spirituality, with a thriving community. The attacks disrupted this flourishing cultural hub and instilled fear among Jews living in Ottoman-controlled lands. This event was one of the earliest indications that even under the Ottomans, Jewish communities would face intermittent violence and persecution, often fueled by local unrest and anti-Jewish sentiment.

The Safed Attacks of 1517 were a sad reminder of how quickly Jewish communities could become scapegoats during periods of political upheaval, long before modern Zionism or the establishment of Israel.

5/ The Tripoli Pogrom (1785).

In 1785, the Jewish community of Tripoli, Libya, endured a catastrophic pogrom instigated by Ali Burghul, an Ottoman officer who temporarily seized power in the region. After overthrowing the ruling pasha, Burghul wanted to consolidate his rule by targeting the city’s vulnerable minorities, particularly Jews.

The violence against Jews was brutal and systematic. Jewish homes and businesses were looted, synagogues were desecrated, and many Jews were tortured or killed. The pogrom decimated the Jewish quarter of Tripoli, leaving countless families homeless and destitute.

While Burghul’s regime lasted less than a year, the damage to the Jewish community was profound and long-lasting. Survivors faced the daunting task of rebuilding their lives amidst persistent discrimination and insecurity. This pogrom was a stark reminder of the precarious existence of Jews in North Africa, where they were often targeted during periods of political upheaval.

The Tripoli Pogrom of 1785 shows you again, the centuries-long persecution faced by Jews in Arab lands, well before the emergence of modern Zionism or the creation of Israel.

6/ The Baghdad Pogrom (1828).

In 1828, the Jewish community in Baghdad, Iraq, was subjected to one of the most devastating anti-Jewish pogroms in Ottoman-controlled Iraq. Tensions between Jews and Muslims had been rising due to a combination of economic envy, political instability, and increasing religious intolerance.

The pogrom began when a prominent Muslim figure, incited by local political and economic disputes, spread false accusations against the Jews of Baghdad. Jews were blamed for a series of issues, including alleged economic exploitation and religious violations, though no evidence supported these claims.

A violent mob quickly assembled, attacking Jewish homes, shops, and synagogues. Many Jews were beaten, and several were killed in the streets. Property was looted, and entire neighborhoods were set on fire. The violence lasted for several days, and it is estimated that several dozen Jews were killed, with many more injured or left destitute.

The pogrom also resulted in mass destruction of Jewish religious and cultural landmarks in Baghdad, severely damaging the local Jewish community’s infrastructure. This event left lasting scars on the Jewish population, contributing to a growing sense of insecurity and vulnerability. While the situation temporarily improved, the event remained a painful chapter in the history of Jewish life in Iraq.

The Baghdad Pogrom of 1828 showed how easily Jews were targeted and scapegoated in times of political and religious tension, long before the rise of modern Zionism or the establishment of Israel.

7/ The 1838  Safed Pogrom.

The second major pogrom in Safed, occurring in 1838, further demonstrated the uncertain position of Jews in the region during Ottoman rule. This wave of violence took place during the Egyptian-Ottoman War, as Ibrahim Pasha’s Egyptian forces temporarily controlled Israel. When Ibrahim’s forces retreated from Safed, local Arab mobs, emboldened by the chaos and lack of authority, turned their fury on the city’s Jewish population.

Over several days, armed bands ransacked Jewish homes, robbed businesses, and desecrated synagogues. Entire families were beaten and humiliated, while women and children were subjected to horrifying abuse. Many Jews fled to the surrounding hills for safety, living in caves or shelters with little food or water, while those who remained in the city faced murder or severe physical violence.

The Ottoman authorities did little to restore order or protect the Jewish residents. The aftermath of the pogrom left the Jewish quarter of Safed devastated, with entire families displaced and ancient synagogues reduced to ruins. Survivors recounted harrowing stories of betrayal by neighbors who joined in the looting and violence. The 1838 pogrom was a traumatic event that further destabilized the already struggling Jewish community in Safed, leading many to consider emigration.

The recurring violence in Safed was a reminder of the vulnerability of Jewish communities in Israel long before the modern Zionist movement emerged.

8/ The 1840 Damascus Affair

The Damascus Affair of 1840 was a horrifying example of the blood libel myth, a baseless and antisemitic accusation that Jews murder non-Jews to use their blood for religious rituals. This particular incident unfolded in Ottoman-controlled Damascus and left a deep scar on Jewish communities across the region and beyond.

The tragedy began when Father Thomas, a Catholic monk, and his Muslim servant mysteriously disappeared. Almost immediately local Christian leaders accused the Jewish community of abducting and murdering them for their blood, supposedly to bake matzot for Passover. The accusation, entirely unfounded, unleashed a torrent of violence and state-backed persecution against Damascus’s Jews.

Under pressure from local Christian clergy, the Ottoman authorities arrested several prominent Jewish figures, including rabbis and community leaders. These men were subjected to brutal torture to extract confessions to a crime they did not commit. Torture methods included floggings, burning, and deprivation of food and water. One man, Isaac Harari, died from the torture, and another, Aaron Monshe Rehama, succumbed to his injuries shortly after being released. The torture yielded forced confessions that only fueled further hysteria.

As rumors spread, mobs looted Jewish homes and desecrated synagogues. The community lived in terror, with many families hiding in fear of further arrests or violence. The situation worsened when the Ottoman authorities imprisoned dozens more Jews, including children, in an attempt to pressure the community into “confessing” to collective guilt.

The Damascus Affair also had international implications. Initially, France supported the blood libel accusations due to the influence of local Catholic leaders. However, prominent Jews in Europe, including Sir Moses Montefiore, Adolphe Crémieux, and Salomon Munk, mobilized a vigorous diplomatic campaign to challenge the lies. They traveled to Alexandria and Constantinople, lobbying influential leaders like Muhammad Ali of Egypt and Sultan Abdülmecid I of the Ottoman Empire to stop the persecution.

Eventually, after months of pressure and mounting evidence of the absurdity of the charges, the surviving Jewish prisoners were released. Still, the community was left in ruins. The aftermath of the affair saw Damascus’s Jewish population diminished and traumatized. Many families fled, and those who remained lived under the shadow of renewed accusations.

The Damascus Affair exposed yet again the fragility of Jewish life under Ottoman rule and the enduring danger of antisemitic myths, this as well happened long before the creation of modern Zionism.

9/ The 1920 Nebi Musa Riots.

The Nebi Musa Riots, which took place during Easter week in April 1920, were among the first major instances of anti-Jewish violence in British-controlled Israel, occurring long before the establishment of modern Israel. The riots shattered the myth of peaceful coexistence between Jews and Arabs in the region and exposed the hostility Arab leaders harbored toward the growing Jewish community.

Nebi Musa was a Muslim religious festival traditionally marked by processions to a shrine near Jericho. In 1920, the festival coincided with Easter and Passover, bringing an unusually large number of Muslims, Christians, and Jews to  Jerusalem. Arab leaders, including Haj Amin al-Husseini (later notorious for his collaboration with the Nazis), used the occasion to incite the crowds against the Jewish community. They spread false claims that Jews were threatening the  Al-Aqsa Mosque and seeking to take over Muslim holy sites, a tactic that would recur in later decades.

The inflammatory rhetoric worked. On April 4, 1920, Arab mobs began attacking Jewish neighborhoods in Jerusalem. Armed with knives, clubs, and stones, they looted Jewish homes and businesses, burned property, and assaulted Jewish residents. Reports described horrific acts of violence, including the brutal killing of five Jews and the injury of over 200 others. Jewish women were targeted for sexual violence, adding to the community’s trauma.

The British authorities, unprepared for the scale of the violence, initially failed to contain the riots. British soldiers were criticized for their slow response, and some were even accused of sympathizing with the rioters. Jewish self-defense groups, including the Haganah’s predecessors, stepped in to protect their communities, marking one of the first organized efforts by Jews to defend themselves in modern Israel.

The aftermath of the riots further deepened tensions. Haj Amin al-Husseini, though implicated in inciting the violence, received a relatively light punishment and would later be appointed the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, a decision with disastrous consequences. Meanwhile, the Jewish community, already shaken from European pogroms, began to view self-defense as essential for survival in the face of local hostility.

The 1920 Nebi Musa Riots are a powerful reminder that violence against Jews in the Middle East was not a product of Zionism but a reflection of deep hostility toward Jewish communities.

10/ The 1929 Hebron Massacre.

In August 1929, one of the darkest chapters in Jewish history under the British Mandate unfolded in the ancient city of Hebron, where a long established Jewish community had lived for thousands of years. Hebron, considered one of Judaism’s four holy cities, was home to a mix of Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews, many of whom lived peacefully alongside their Arab neighbors, until incitement turned deadly.

Tensions had been brewing for months, fueled by false rumors spread by Arab leaders and the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al-Husseini. Claims circulated that Jews were planning to take over the Temple Mount and destroy the al-Aqsa Mosque. These fabrications were spread intentionally to inflame anti-Jewish sentiment and provoke violence.

On the 23rd and 24th of August, Arab mobs descended upon the Jewish community of Hebron, armed with knives, clubs, and firearms. The British authorities, overwhelmed and unprepared, failed to intervene effectively. Over the course of two days, 67 Jews were brutally murdered, men, women, and children alike. Victims were tortured, mutilated, and dismembered. Entire families were wiped out in their homes.

One of the most horrific aspects of the massacre was the betrayal by neighbors. Some Arabs, with whom the Jews had coexisted peacefully for years, turned on them.

The aftermath was devastating. The Jewish quarter was looted and ransacked. Synagogues were desecrated, Torah scrolls destroyed. Survivors were forcibly evacuated by the British, ending a Jewish presence in Hebron that had lasted centuries. The city, once a symbol of coexistence, became a stark reminder of how quickly incitement and hatred could shatter fragile relations.

The massacre was part of a larger wave of violence that also targeted Jews in  Jerusalem,  Safed, and other areas of Israel during the same period. It was not an isolated event but a symptom of escalating hostility toward the Jewish community, years before the establishment of modern Israel.

11/ The 1941 Farhud Massacre.

The Farhud, which took place on June 1-2, 1941, was a brutal pogrom against the Jewish community in Baghdad, Iraq. The violence erupted during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot, fueled by Nazi propaganda and growing political instability. The Iraqi government, under the pro-Nazi Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, had recently been overthrown by the British, leaving the country in chaos.

Pro-Nazi mobs, fueled by years of antisemitic rhetoric, attacked Jews with brutal force. Over 180 Jews were murdered, and hundreds more were injured. Mobs looted Jewish homes, destroyed businesses, and desecrated synagogues. Women were raped, and many victims were tortured and mutilated.

The British and Iraqi authorities intervened after two days of unchecked violence, but the damage was done. The Farhud shattered the Iraqi Jewish community, marking the beginning of a mass exodus. By the 1950s, most of Iraq’s 150,000 Jews had fled, many of them to Israel.

The Farhud remains a tragic reminder of how quickly a Jewish community, with a history in the region spanning over 2,600 years, could be destroyed by hatred and incitement. It underscored the urgent need for Jewish self-determination, which Zionism sought to provide.

12/ Palestinian Collaboration with Nazi Germany.

During the 1930s and 40s, the Palestinian Arab leadership, particularly the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, formed an alliance with Nazi Germany. Husseini, who opposed Jewish immigration to Israel, wanted Nazi support for his goal of preventing a Jewish homeland. In 1941, he met with Adolf Hitler, where he expressed his admiration for the Nazis’ anti-Semitic policies and urged them to support the Arab cause against the Jews. Husseini also played a role in recruiting Muslim soldiers to fight for the Axis powers, including the notorious Waffen-SS. His collaboration with Nazi Germany, which included attempts to organize massacres of Jews in Israel, contributed to deepening the hostility and violence toward Jewish communities in the region.

Conclusion.

When I started studying and looking up these events, I was shocked by the crazy number of them. I had to choose from hundreds, if not thousands, of such atrocities throughout history. And knowing that each of these incidents means real people, Jewish men, women, and children, lost their lives or endured unimaginable torture, it broke my heart. It’s heartbreaking that, even today, we continue to prove, over and over again, how badly Jews have been treated, and how, in some corners of the world, there are still those who want us to endure even more suffering. The existence of Israel today is a direct result of all these painful events—a nation born out of the ashes of centuries of persecution. Israel stands as a shield, ensuring that Jews will never again face the horrors of those dark days. This history is not just a series of events, it’s a painful reminder of the resilience required to survive and the urgency of remembering so we can prevent such horrors from happening again.

Although not all of the events happened in the Middle east per se, all of them happened under Muslim rule. 

@AP_from_NY

[howtomuslim]

The Rights of Non-Muslims Under Sharia Law

Sharia law is often misunderstood, especially regarding its treatment of non-Muslims. However, the Sharia has a rich tradition of pluralism, allowing non-Muslims such as Christians and Jews to follow their own laws while living in Muslim-majority societies.

1. Pluralism Under Sharia: A Historical Perspective

Sharia law is not a monolithic system but rather a framework that has historically embraced justice. Within Islamic societies, non-Muslims, particularly “People of the Book” (Christians and Jews), were allowed to practice their religion freely and follow their own legal systems concerning personal matters like marriage, divorce, and inheritance.

“Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error.” (Quran 2:256)

This verse underscores that faith is a personal choice and that people should be allowed to practice their religion without coercion.

2. Dhimmi Status: Protection, Responsibilities, and Benefits

Non-Muslims living under Islamic rule were given the status of “dhimmi,” which granted them protection and certain rights in exchange for the payment of jizya, a tax levied on non-Muslim citizens. The jizya was not merely a tax but a means to ensure the safety and protection of non-Muslims in a Muslim-majority state. It also exempted them from military service, which was obligatory for able-bodied Muslim men.

A lesser-known aspect of the jizya is that it also contributed to providing pensions and other benefits to non-Muslims. This system ensured that non-Muslims were cared for in the state, particularly in old age or during times of need.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasised the sanctity of the protection given to non-Muslims:

“Whoever kills a mu’ahid (a person who is granted the pledge of protection by the Muslims) shall not smell the fragrance of Paradise…” (Sahih Bukhari 3166)

“If somebody harms a disbeliever that’s living under the protection of the Muslims, they have harmed me; if they have harmed me, they have harmed God.” — Prophet Muhammed, Peace be Upon him

Islamic law does not allow for double standards when it comes to justice. Non-Muslims have the right to seek justice if they are wronged by a Muslim. Historical examples show that even the highest leaders, like Caliph Ali and Caliph Umar ibn Abdulaziz, upheld the rights of non-Muslims, ensuring that justice was served when a non-Muslim was wronged.

For instance, during Caliph Ali’s time, a Muslim who killed a non-Muslim was brought to justice, and the non-Muslim’s family was given the choice to demand the death penalty or accept compensation. Islamic Governance made sure everyone was responsible for their actions and justice was served.

3. Legal Autonomy: Non-Muslims and Their Laws

One of the most remarkable aspects of the Sharia’s application is its respect for the legal autonomy of non-Muslim communities. Non-Muslims were allowed to maintain their religious laws and customs in matters of personal status. This legal pluralism was practiced in various Islamic states, where Christian, Jewish, and other religious communities had their courts and legal systems.

“To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way…” (Quran 5:48)

4. The Role of Jizya in Social Welfare

Non-Muslims under Sharia law were required to pay a tax called jizya (often being lower than the 2.5% tax on the wealth of Muslims paid towards charity yearly). However, this tax was a system that provided benefits, including protection and exemption from military service and those who would be burdened to pay it were exempted from paying it. Furthermore, certain groups, such as Christian monks who dedicated their lives to worship, were even exempted from paying the jizya, showing the flexibility and fairness of the system.

In contrast to modern taxation, where everyone must contribute regardless of their role in society, Islamic law recognised the unique circumstances of different communities and adjusted its requirements accordingly.

The Jizya was used not only for the administration and protection of the state but also to provide pensions and social services and support for those in need, including the elderly and disabled non-Muslims. This practice ensured that non-Muslims were not only protected but also cared for, reflecting the Islamic commitment to justice.

“O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm for Allah, witnesses in justice, and do not let the hatred of a people prevent you from being just. Be just; that is nearer to righteousness.” (Quran 5:8)

The positive effects of this system can be seen during the time of Umar ibn Abd-Alaziz, poverty was wiped out, justice was deeply woven into the society and the animals were fed with the surplus food and wealth as they were seen as also a part of the responsibilities of the Caliph.

There are numerous historical examples of Islamic leaders advocating for the rights of non-Muslims. For instance, the scholar Taqi al-Din famously negotiated with the Tartar leaders to secure the release of both Muslim and non-Muslim prisoners of war, demonstrating that Islamic justice extends beyond the Muslim community.

To learn more about Islam visit: howtomuslim.org

[solarpunkani]

[Image Description; Twitter screenshot. A quote retweet from @ zayoncerry. “I’ve been seeing tweets trying to villainize middle easterners use of “martyrs’ or “shaheed”, here’s who we call martyrs in islam:

An image follows, “Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said: “There are seven kinds of martyrs besides those killed in wars, defending the cause of Allah:

A person who is killed in an epidemic

A person who is drowned

A person who has bedsores, causing fever and cough resulting in his death

A person who dies of a stomach disease

A person who dies in fire

A person who dies under falling debris [in a disaster]

A woman who dies during childbirth.”

The quote retweeted post from @ zedonarrival reads: “the islamic use of martyr is making people tremble and piss their pants in the same way allahu akbar did and still does”]