Prehensile-tailed skinks Monkey and Banjo share a snack! 🥬
These animals have been longtime ambassadors while living behind the scenes, but they are now on exhibit for the first time in AOP history! They also welcomed their first baby together last year, MoJo. Stop by our new Frogs: Facing a Changing World exhibit to see this adorable family! 👨👩👦
While most of the stuff I post in this blog is going to be Australia oriented given that's what I'm most knowledgeable on (and have the most resources for), I also want to occasionally branch out to talk about wildlife from surrounding landmasses every so often - wider Oceania, Wallacea, and generally anything east of the Wallace Line (where the animals become funni). Today, I wanted to start off by briefly introducing one set of islands I find to be particularly overlooked, the Solomon Archipelago, better known as the Solomon Islands.
(Image credit: Wikimedia)
Isolated ever since they first rose above the waves 40 million years ago, the Solomon Islands has been dubbed the ""the Galapagos of the Western Pacific" by renowned mammalogist Tim Flannery for the sheer uniqueness of its fauna. Sitting to the east of New Guinea, the archipelago consists of seven main islands and thousands of smaller islands that vary greatly in size, from impressive volcanic islands like Kolombangara to countless tiny coral cays. Naturally, the islands are clothed almost entirely in tropical rainforests, from lush lowland jungles to misty cloud forests over 2,000 metres above sea level, with some areas of seasonal dry forest and grassland on the on the northern slopes of Guadalcanal being the main exception.
Despite its close proximity to New Guinea (and therefore continental Australia), the Solomon Islands possess no native marsupials - instead it is a world of giant skinks, coconut-eating bats and mysterious rodents.
(Image credit: Tourism Solomons)
Easily the most famous animal from the Solomon Islands is the prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia zebrata), also known as the monkey-tailed skink or simply as the Solomon Islands skink. These are the largest of all living skinks, measuring up to 81 centimetres in length, and they are adapted to an arboreal way of life, feeding on leaves, fruit, flowers and fresh shoots. Like many skinks in the subfamily Egerniinae, the prehensile-tailed skink also has a pretty highly developed social life, more like that of a mammal than a typical reptile. They live a social group known as a circulus, in which different individuals band together to protect each other's offspring, and some pairs have even been known to practice long-term monogamy (practically "mating for life").
(Image credit: Johnathan Richmond)
After big skink, the fauna of the Solomon Islands instantly drops into the territory of "obscure creature even most animal nerds don't know about", but they are no less remarkable or unique. Take the monkey-faced bats (Pteroplex) for example. As their name suggests, this endemic genus is notable for their highly unusual thick head shape, which gives them a vaguely monkey-like appearance. The resemblance to primates is no coincidence, for the lack of competing mammals on the islands aside from a few rats has led them to take up a lifestyle unlike that of any other bat. Their canine teeth are enormous, and what's more, possess a double cusp - something completely unique among mammals. Their boxy, powerful jaws and complex teeth are designed for tackling particularly tough fruits and nuts, and they are well known for their ability to crack into green coconuts. There are five species of monkey-faced bat scattered across the Solomon Islands, with the largest being the greater monkey-faced bat (P. flanneryi), which can have a wingspan of over 1.5 metres and weighs in at about 800 grams.
(also kinda irrelevant here but I really gotta talk about the Fijian monkey-faced bat sometime. what a knee slapper)
However, bats aren't the only coconut crackers on the Solomon Islands, for they are also home to several genera of rats that reach pretty gargantuan sizes. The largest species is Poncelet's giant rat (Solomys ponceleti), which reaches over a kilogram in weight and has quite an unusual appearance, with long but sparse dark brown hair, pinkish-white skin and a crest or mane down the back - unfortunately I cannot find any photographs or even illustrations of this species online. The impressively named emperor rat (Uromys imperator) was almost as large, but it is only known from 3 specimens collected in the 1880s and is now considered to likely be extinct. In a demonstration of how much of the Solomons remain under-surveyed however, a new species of giant Uromys, the vika or Vangunu giant rat (U. vika) was discovered by westerners only in 2015, although it had been known to the locals for far longer. This orange-haired coconut-chewer is unfortunately only known from a single specimen for now, but it weighed in at 0.5-1 kg and now represents the largest known member of its genus on the islands.
The only photograph of a living vika
(Image credit: O. Revon)
Also just to keep with the pattern of everything being giant (and therefore cool), this huge frog, the giant webbed frog (Cornufer guppyi), also calls the Solomons home. I don't know much about them but they seem like cool guys.
Remember this is only meant to be a brief overview! Would love to talk more about the Solomons sometime, as well as more in-depth about the species featured here.
Name: Miss Arfute Mallek
Ancestor: The Minority
Strife Specibus: clubkind
Blood Color and Sign: Teal; Libsces
Handle: trustingGrief
Lusus: zebraparent
Pronouns: they/them
Age: 12 sweeps
Interests: listening to podcasts and roller skating
Sexuality: Fond Of Women
Class: Witch
Land: Land of Tech and Needles, a gentle place, with smiling Solomon Island Prehensile-tailed Skink consorts. It is a place full of sand and mushrooms. Oceanus wants to play.
Quirk: don't use emotes
via roll-a-troll https://ift.tt/uIvBPb8, do as you please
Zoo trip to health check various zoo animals today! We examined the swift foxes (tiny!!), tiger & lions (<i>huge</i>), prehensile tailed skinks, spear-nosed bat (delightful), burrowing owl, red-tailed hawk, budgies, salmon-crested cockatoo, pancake tortoise, and probably more I'm forgetting.
Big cats are so fucking big. When you're up close with lions, it's unreal.
In southern Africa, there are an amazing 338 species of lizards, with 74 of them being skinks. These skinks are not just interesting to watch; they are vital for keeping nature in balance. They have long bodies and short limbs, making them stand out. With over 8,000 reptile species, skinks are known for their unique traits and interesting ways.
This article will explore the world of skinks, covering their types, where they live, what they eat, and how they behave. It's perfect for anyone interested in these amazing reptiles.
Key Takeaways
Skinks are one of the most diverse lizard families, showcasing fascinating adaptations.
Over 74 skink species can be found across southern Africa alone.
Young skinks are significantly smaller than adults and do not receive parental care.
These lizards possess the ability to shed and regenerate their tails as a defense mechanism.
Some skinks can become quite tame, with humans able to feed them by hand.
The Ground Skink is considered one of the smallest reptiles in the United States.
Introduction to Skinks
Skinks are a fascinating family of lizards known for their unique skink characteristics. They have about 1,275 species worldwide. These reptiles have adapted to live in many environments. They belong to the suborder Lacertilia within the order Squamata, making them different from lizards and snakes.
Skinks have smooth, shiny scales and short limbs. This helps them move easily in different places like forests, grasslands, and deserts. They can live in many places, from hot tropical areas to cooler regions.
The prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia zebrata) can grow up to 76 cm (30 inches) long. Keel skinks live in Southeast Asia and northern Australia and are partly water-loving. Skinks have interesting ways of breeding, influenced by their environment and hormones.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=RhnK8LfLNxs
Skinks use chemical signals to talk to each other and find food. Their unique ways of reproducing, like the South American skink M. heathi, show how diverse they are. Skinks are interesting to scientists and nature lovers because of their wide range and adaptability.
Types of Skinks: A Diverse Family
The Scincidae family has over 1,500 skink species, showing great diversity. These lizards live in many places, except for the cold arctic and subarctic areas. They have small legs compared to other lizards, making them look unique and act differently. Let's look at some key types of skinks, focusing on North American and exotic species.
Common North American Skink Species
In North America, some skink species are known for their special traits and roles in nature. Here are a few:
Eastern Five-lined Skink (Plestiodon fasciatus) - It's easy to spot with its bright stripes, often seen in gardens and forests.
Southern Skink (Plestiodon inexpectatus) - Lives in sandy places and has a special color that helps it hide.
Unique Skink Species from Around the World
Skinks worldwide show amazing adaptations and unique traits. Here are a few examples:
Shingle Back Lizard - Found in Australia, it has a plated body for protection against predators.
Anguilla Bank Skink - A hidden species from the Caribbean, recently found to have 24 new skink species.
Here's a table that shows some key features of select skinks:
SpeciesLengthHabitatReproductive TypeEastern Five-lined Skink15–20 cmWoodlands, gardensViviparousSouthern Skink10–15 cmSandy areasOviparousShingle Back Lizard20–30 cmAustralian forestsViviparousAnguilla Bank Skink12–25 cmCaribbean islandsOviparous
Learning about skinks shows their adaptability and the varied roles they play in different environments.
Understanding Skink Habitats
Skinks are part of the lizard family and live in many places. Their skink habitats vary by species, each suited to its own needs. You can find them in forests, grasslands, and even city gardens. Knowing where different skinks live helps us understand their behavior and how they fit into nature.
Preferred Habitats of Different Skink Species
Skink species live in different places, showing how adaptable they are:
Striped Skink (Trachylepis striata): This species loves the ground but can climb too, making it flexible in where it lives.
Shingle Back Lizard: It prefers scrublands and heath for its camouflage skills.
Western Skink: Lives mainly in eastern Washington and likes places with lots of hiding spots, like grasslands and forest edges.
Great Plains Skink: Found in open areas and grasslands, but also near water at different heights.
Impact of Environment on Skink Behavior
The environment impact on skinks is big. Things like temperature, plants, and moisture change their actions, like hunting and finding mates. Skinks change how they hunt based on what's available in their area.
Skink SpeciesPreferred HabitatBehavioral AdaptationsStriped SkinkForests, grasslandsCan climb, forages activelyShingle Back LizardScrublands, heathCamo for predator evasionWestern SkinkEastern WashingtonUtilizes cover for huntingGreat Plains SkinkOpen plains, near waterAdapts to moisture for mating
Skink Behavior and Adaptations
Skink behavior is a mix of social interactions and unique adaptations. These traits help them survive. During their breeding season, they show interesting patterns. These patterns show their social and biological needs.
Social Interactions Among Skinks
Skinks have interesting social behaviors. In the breeding season, some species, like the Five-lined Skink, form pairs. This helps them have successful reproduction. Female Five-lined Skinks lay 15 to 18 hard-shelled eggs and take care of them until they hatch after about four to six weeks.
Skinks also interact socially in other ways. They have territories to keep rivals away. Some species forage together, which helps them find food safely. These social behaviors are key to understanding skink life in their habitats.
Defensive Mechanisms of Skinks
Skinks have amazing ways to defend themselves. One way is tail autotomy, where they lose part of their tail to escape. This distracts predators, helping the skink get away. Even if their tail grows back, it might not look the same, but it helps them survive.
Skinks also have other ways to defend themselves. For example, the Eastern Blue-tongued Skink has strong jaws to open snail shells. They can eat a variety of foods and keep attackers away. Their colors and ability to stay still make them hard to see in the wild, protecting them from predators like hawks, snakes, and raccoons.
AdaptationDescriptionBenefitTail AutotomyShedding tail when threatenedDistracts predators, allowing escapeBrooding BehaviorFemales guard eggs until they hatchIncreases survival rate of offspringTerritorial BehaviorEstablishes boundaries with rivalsProtects resources and breeding areasStrong JawsCan crush snail shellsAccess to diverse food sources, deterring predatorsCrypsisBlending into surroundingsReduces visibility to predators
Feeding Habits: The Skink Diet
Skinks have unique eating habits that are key to their health and growth. They mainly eat insects, but their diet changes with their species, age, and health. Knowing what skinks eat helps them live well.
Main Food Sources for Skinks
In the wild, skinks eat:
Beetles
Grasshoppers
Crickets
Caterpillars
Spiders
Centipedes
In homes, skinks eat:
Live insects like crickets and mealworms
Special reptile food
Chopped fruits and veggies for variety
Young skinks need to eat every day because they burn energy fast. Adults can go a day or two between meals. It's important to feed them a mix of insects, fruits, and veggies for a balanced diet.
How Diet Varies Across Species
Skink species have different food likes. For example, blue-tongued skinks need:
70-80% protein when they're young
About 50% protein as adults
Vegetables make up half their diet
Fruits should be less than 10%
Shingleback skinks eat more plants and need less protein.
They live on 20-30% protein and 70-80% plants. Skink owners should look up their pet's specific diet needs and add calcium supplements. They should also avoid giving them toxic foods.
Keeping Skinks as Pets
Choosing the right skink species is key to a great pet experience. With over 1,200 types of skinks, picking ones that do well in captivity is crucial. The Eastern Five-lined Skink and the Blue-tongued Skink are popular choices. Each has its own behavior, size, and care needs, so it's important to pick the right one for your home.
Choosing the Right Skinks for Your Home
It's important to know the needs of the skink you want to keep. Skinks can grow up to 24 inches long and live 15 to 20 years. This means you need to be ready for a long-term commitment to their care. Young skinks need a 55-gallon tank, while adults should have at least a 120-gallon one. A secure lid is also a must to stop them from escaping.
Essential Skink Care Tips
Creating the right environment is key for skink health. They need a temperature range with cooler spots and a warm basking area. A heat lamp on one side can help. Skinks also need humidity levels of 40-60%, depending on the species. A deep layer of substrate lets them burrow, just like in the wild.
Feeding skinks depends on their age. Young ones need food every day, while adults can go a week or two between meals. A good diet for them is 70% insects and 30% veggies. Adding vitamins and calcium to their food can prevent health problems.
Cleaning their home is important for their health. Change the water and remove uneaten food daily. Do a deep clean every month, which should take about an hour or two. By following these care tips, you can have a strong bond with your skink.
Skink TypeMax SizeLifespanTank SizeDiet CompositionBlue-tongued SkinkUp to 24 inches15-20 years120 gallons or larger50% vegetables, 10% fruits, 40% proteinEastern Five-lined SkinkUp to 7 inches10-15 years55 gallons minimum70% insects, 30% vegetables
Conservation and Threats to Skink Species
Skinks are vital to our planet's health and diversity. Sadly, they face many threats that have led to big declines in their numbers. It's key to know these threats to help protect them.
Factors Contributing to Skink Population Declines
Several factors are causing skink populations to drop. Here are the main ones:
Habitat Loss: Humans have changed or destroyed their homes, especially for the sand skink.
Invasive Species: Invasive animals, like the Indian mongoose, are eating native skinks.
Climate Change: Changes in the environment are messing with their food and breeding.
Small Geographic Ranges: Many skinks live in small areas, making them easy targets for extinction.
Conservation Efforts for Skink Preservation
There are efforts to save skink species from threats. Here's what's being done:
Habitat Preservation: We're working to protect and fix their homes where they've been lost.
Breeding Programs: Breeding skinks in captivity helps increase their numbers and reintroduce them into the wild.
Public Education: Teaching people about skinks helps build a community that cares about saving them.
Skink species are still under big threats, so we need to keep working to save them. About 20% of skinks are at risk of disappearing. This shows how important it is to protect these amazing reptiles for the future.
Conclusion
Skinks are a captivating group of lizards that fascinate both reptile fans and scientists. They belong to the Scincidae family and come in over 1,000 different species. These skinks show amazing adaptability, living on every continent except Antarctica.
They have unique behaviors like shedding and regrowing their tails and digging burrows. These traits show how important they are in their ecosystems.
Skink conservation is very important. Many things threaten their numbers, so we need more awareness and action to help them. By learning about skinks and helping to protect them, we can keep our ecosystems healthy for the future.
Skinks live in many places, from under leaves and logs to underground tunnels. They mainly eat meat, which helps keep their ecosystems balanced. As we learn more about skinks, we must work to protect them and keep them safe in nature.
FAQ
What are skinks and how do they differ from other lizards?
Skinks are a group of lizards in the family Scincidae. They have smooth, shiny scales and less limbs. Unlike other lizards, skinks have long bodies and special traits for living in different places.
What types of skinks are commonly kept as pets?
The Eastern Five-lined Skink and the Shingle Back Lizard are popular pets. They are chosen for their size, friendly nature, and interesting personalities.
How should one care for a pet skink?
Taking care of a skink means giving them enough space and a substrate that feels like their home. They need UVB lighting and a diet of insects, fruits, and veggies for health.
What do skinks eat?
Skinks mainly eat insects and small invertebrates. Some also eat fruits and vegetables. The Shingle Back Lizard eats berries and leafy greens too.
What are the common habitats of skinks?
Skinks live in forests, grasslands, deserts, and even city gardens. Each species likes certain places based on temperature, moisture, and plants.
What are some behaviors exhibited by skinks?
Skinks have interesting social behaviors, especially when they breed. They can be monogamous and use their tails to distract predators.
Why are skinks important to their ecosystems?
Skinks are key to their ecosystems as both hunters and prey. They keep insect numbers down and are food for bigger animals. This helps keep their habitats balanced.
What threats do skink populations face?
Skinks face threats from losing their homes, being eaten by invasive animals, and climate change. These threats are making many skink species decline, especially in places like the Caribbean.
What conservation efforts are in place for skinks?
To save skinks, people are working to protect their homes, breeding them in captivity, and teaching the public about their importance.
Name: Xr. Zyon Johnson
Color: Raisin #290916
Symbol: Hand-painted Tamarillo
Strife Specibus: shothunkind
Handle: trustingGnome
Animal: koala
Pronouns: she/her
Age: 13
Birthday: March 18, which was a friday.
Sexuality: bisexual
Interests: painting and sun bathing
Dream Moon: derse
Classpect: Sylph of Space
Land: Land of Shimmer and Citrine, an obnoxious place, with tired Solomon Island Prehensile-tailed Skink consorts. It is a place full of islands and unsightly forests. Tethys is lonely.
Instrument: syrinx