#precision fermentation

[probablyasocialecologist]

Sourcing food in biotech  factories requires a reorganization of the food system to be highly centralized, arranged into corporate-mediated value chains flowing from industrial processing facilities. To my mind that is exactly the corporate industrial food chain model at the root of so many of our current problems. We don’t want the food system concentrated in the hands of less and bigger corporations. Such a concentrated food system  is unfair,  extractive, easy to monopolize and  very vulnerable to external shocks  - which we are going to see more of in our unfolding century of crisis. Consider which food system is more likely to fall over in the face of climate catastrophe, dictatorship  or cyberattack: - a handful of large electrically dependent food brewers  or a distributed network of millions of small farms and local food relationships  spread across diverse landscapes? Which brings us to Chris’s other central premise in ‘Saying No to a Farm-free Future’ - the one that George does attempt a partial response to. Chris argues that the way to organise food to survive in the face of climate crisis is to withdraw away from the corporate controlled industrial agrifood chain  and attempt instead  to put power back into the distributed local ‘food web’ of small growers, local markets and peasant-type production . This ‘food web’ may sound  ‘backwards’ to modernist global north sensibilities of someone like George but it is what still characterizes much of  the food systems of the global South. It is also better suited to our times of crisis and challenge. Strengthening food webs is not a “one stop” bold  breakthrough. Rather its a distributed social process of ‘muddling through’ together  in diverse and different ways that are at best  agroecological and collective, culturally and ecologically tailored to different geographies. The food web (or ‘agrarian localism’ as Chris terms it) can’t be summed up in one shiny totemic widget. It doesn’t fit  a formulaic  “stop this, go that” campaign binary (“stop eating meet , go plant-based”).   Leaning into the complexities of  local agroecological diverse food webs is maddeningly  unsellable as a soundbite.  George presents agrarian localism as a ‘withdrawal’  but its more in the gesture of “staying with the trouble” - a phrase feminist scholar Donna Harraway so brilliantly coined to dismiss  big, male, over simplistic technocratic solutionists who claim to have the ‘one big answer’ to our global polycrisis. (sound familiar?). Staying with the trouble and leaning into food webs means embracing a messy politics of relationship, nuance, context, complexity and co-learning. It means a single clever journalist sitting in Oxford can’t dream up a cracking saviour formula all by himself in the space of a 2 year book project. . its why (and how) we build movements - to figure this stuff out collectively. So relax - take off the armour - make friends.

[fairfield-research]

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬, 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝐈𝐧-𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬, 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑-𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟎)

The precision fermentation market is poised for exponential growth, with projections indicating a substantial surge from the US$1.7 billion attained in 2022 to an impressive US$18.1 billion by the year 2030. A recent comprehensive analysis reveals that the global market for precision fermentation is anticipated to expand at a remarkable CAGR of 39.7% during the period of 2023 to 2030.

1. Sustainable Food Production Paradigm

The global shift towards sustainable practices in food production is driving the momentum behind precision fermentation. This innovative method offers a more environmentally friendly approach compared to traditional farming methods, addressing concerns regarding resource efficiency, environmental impact, and climate change. Precision fermentation, utilizing microbial processes to produce nutrients and proteins, aligns with consumer demands for ethically and sustainably sourced products.

2. Technological Advancements in Bioprocessing

Continual advancements in bioprocessing technologies are propelling the growth of the precision fermentation market. These advancements, including microbial engineering and enhanced bioprocessing techniques, result in increased scalability, efficiency, and versatility. The ability to create precisely tailored proteins and biomolecules further enhances the market's potential, enabling businesses to remain competitive and responsive to evolving consumer preferences.

3. Increasing Demand for Alternative Proteins

The rising demand for alternative proteins is a significant driver of market expansion. Precision fermentation offers a scalable and sustainable solution to produce proteins such as whey, collagen, and enzymes without relying on traditional agricultural methods. As consumer preferences shift towards plant-based and alternative protein sources, precision fermentation emerges as a vital tool in meeting the demand for high-protein, ethical, and sustainable food products.

4. Major Growth Barriers

Despite its promising outlook, the precision fermentation market faces challenges, including regulatory uncertainties and economic viability concerns. Regulatory complexities often hinder market expansion, delaying product approvals and introducing barriers to entry. Additionally, high initial capital costs and the ongoing struggle to achieve cost parity with traditional production methods present economic obstacles for widespread adoption.

5. Key Trends and Opportunities

The market presents significant opportunities for innovation, particularly in pharmaceutical production and the nutraceutical sector. Precision fermentation's ability to produce complex proteins and bioactive molecules aligns with the growing demand for biopharmaceuticals and functional ingredients. Collaborations and partnerships across industries further drive innovation and market growth, fostering a dynamic and competitive landscape.

6. Regional Frontrunners

North America maintains its leadership position in the precision fermentation market, supported by robust investments in research and development, established biotechnology and food sectors, and a proactive regulatory framework. In contrast, the Asia Pacific region emerges as a rapidly growing market, driven by changing food habits, population growth, and increased emphasis on sustainability.

7. Industry Leaders

Several prominent players lead the global precision fermentation space, including Change Foods, Geltor, Helania Inc., Formo, Eden Brew, Impossible Foods Inc., Melt & Marble, Motif Foodworks, Inc., Mycorena, Nourish Ingredients, and Perfect Day Inc. These companies continue to drive innovation and shape the future of sustainable food production.

For more information: https://www.fairfieldmarketresearch.com/report/precision-fermentation-market

[cplconsult-com]

A big thank you to all our friends, sponsors and collaborators for your continued support and keeping us very busy during the last year. CPL continues to evolve to meet the needs of our clients and has expanded its international presence and range of expertise during 2023.

For example, some recent engagements have included techno-economic analysis for precision fermentation, value propositions for agricultural products, go-to-market strategy for food ingredients and commercial and technical due diligence on feed additives and biopesticides.

Whatever your needs, we look forward to working with you. Wishing you all the best for 2024 and beyond!

[ananya5400]

Sustainable Growth Opportunities in the Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market

The global precision fermentation ingredients market size is estimated to be valued at USD 2.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 36.3 billion by 2030, recording a CAGR of 44.0% by value. Changing consumer preferences towards veganism, increasing protein consumption, and rising investments in innovations are the major factors for market growth. Substantial breakthroughs in the genetic engineering space have enabled the cost-effective and sustainable reprogramming of microorganisms (synthetic biology) through precision fermentation to create a wide range of specialized food protein constituents.

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By ingredient type, the whey & casein protein segment accounted for the second largest share.

The burgeoning awareness of animal-free options, veganism, and plant-based lifestyles has driven manufacturers to introduce an array of dairy-free ingredients. In the precision fermentation ingredients market, whey and casein play pivotal roles with versatile applications across industries. Companies like Modern Kitchen, based in the US, utilize precision fermentation-based whey protein from Perfect Day to produce animal-free cream cheese. Brazilian company Up Dairy specializes in precision fermentation to create dairy ingredients, with a focus on whey protein and casein. Up Dairy employs advanced technologies such as Cell Line Development, Host Strain Development, Target Molecule Selection, Bioprocess Design, and Ingredient Optimization. Formo Bio's approach to crafting animal-free cheese through precision fermentation showcases the intersection of traditional practices and innovative technology. By sourcing whey and casein from microorganisms inspired by cow DNA, they tap into both heritage and innovation, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional dairy cheese.

By microbe type, the fungi segment constitutes around one-fourth of the global demand.

Extensive research and development activities in the field of precision fermentation helped food producers in evolving the landscape of animal-free protein alternatives using microbes such as bacteria, yeast, and fungi. One advantage of utilizing fungi metabolic engineering is that their eukaryotic origin allows them to tolerate and functionally express heterologous eukaryotic proteins and enzymes, resulting in proper protein folding and post-translational modifications. Better Meat Co., a US based company, developed a process for biomass protein from the filamentous fungi Neurospora crass In February 2022, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland developed egg white protein (ovalbumin) from fungi using precision fermentation.

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The Asia Pacific region is projected to grow at the highest CAGR in the precision fermentation ingredients market during the forecast period

The key factors driving the Asia Pacific precision fermentation ingredients market are the rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles that have led to an increased demand for specialized products, such as alternative proteins and sustainable ingredients, which precision fermentation excels in producing. The region's focus on technological advancements and innovation aligns with precision fermentation ingredient's cutting-edge nature, fostering a thriving ecosystem for research and development. Additionally, Consumer willingness to adopt innovative products is evident across countries, extending beyond curiosity to active purchasing intent. Also, investments and expansions in the region drive the growth of the Asia Pacific market.

[shrutirathi226]

Unlocking the Potential of Precision Fermentation Ingredients in Alternative Proteins

Introduction to Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market

The Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market focuses on the production of specialized ingredients using precision fermentation, a process that leverages microbial hosts to produce specific compounds, such as proteins, enzymes, or flavors, with high precision and efficiency. This market is rapidly growing due to the increasing demand for sustainable and alternative food sources, particularly in the plant-based and lab-grown food industries. Precision fermentation offers the potential for cleaner, more sustainable production methods compared to traditional agriculture, attracting significant interest from food manufacturers, biotech companies, and investors. Key sectors include food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology, driving innovation and market expansion.

Market overview

The Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market is Valued USD 3.01Million in 2022 and projected to reach USD 37.13 Million by 203, growing at a CAGR of CAGR of 43.2 During the Forecast period of 2024–2032.This rapid growth is driven by increasing consumer demand for sustainable and alternative proteins, advancements in biotechnology, and the rising adoption of precision fermentation in the food and beverage industry.

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Major Classifications are as follows:

By Microbe

Yeast

Algae

Fungi

Bacteria

By Ingredients

Whey & Casein Protein

Egg White

Collagen Protein

Heme Protein

Enzymes

Others

By End Use Industry

Food & Beverages

Meat & seafood

Dairy alternatives

Egg alternatives

Others

Pharmaceutical

Cosmetics

Others

Key Region/Countries are Classified as Follows: ◘ North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico) ◘ Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, and Italy) ◘ Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, and Southeast Asia) ◘ South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, etc.) ◘ The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa)

Major players in Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market:

Perfect Day — A pioneer in precision fermentation, known for producing animal-free dairy proteins.

Ginkgo Bioworks — A leading biotechnology company that engineers custom microorganisms for various industries, including food and agriculture.

Clara Foods — Specializes in creating egg proteins through precision fermentation, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional eggs.

Triton Algae Innovations — Focuses on developing algae-based ingredients using precision fermentation techniques.

Market challenges in Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market:

High Production Costs: Precision fermentation Ingredients Market is a cutting-edge technology that often involves high initial costs for research, development, and scaling production. These costs can make the final products more expensive than traditional alternatives, posing a barrier to widespread adoption.

Regulatory Hurdles: The regulatory environment for novel food ingredients can be complex and varies by region. Gaining approval from regulatory bodies like the FDA or EFSA can be time-consuming and costly, slowing the market entry of new products.

Competition from Traditional and Alternative Proteins: The market faces competition not only from traditional animal-based proteins but also from plant-based and other alternative proteins, which may be more established and cost-effective.

Market opportunities in Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market:

Sustainable Food Production: As global demand for sustainable and ethical food sources increases, precision fermentation offers a way to produce high-quality proteins, enzymes, and other ingredients with a lower environmental footprint compared to traditional agriculture and animal farming.

Alternative Proteins: The rising popularity of plant-based diets and the need for alternative protein sources create opportunities for precision fermentation ingredients market to supply key ingredients, such as dairy and egg proteins, without the need for animal farming.

Customization and Innovation: Precision fermentation Ingredients Market allows for the creation of highly specific and customizable ingredients, opening the door for innovations in food products tailored to specific nutritional needs, dietary preferences, or sensory profiles.

Future trends in Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market:

Increased Investment in R&D: As the technology matures, there will be greater investment in research and development to enhance production efficiency, reduce costs, and expand the range of fermentable ingredients.

Expansion of Product Applications: Precision fermentation will increasingly be used to produce a wider variety of ingredients beyond proteins, including flavors, colors, and functional additives, as well as in sectors like pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Integration with Other Technologies: The convergence of Precision fermentation Ingredients Market with other technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, will optimize fermentation processes, improve strain development, and accelerate innovation.

Conclusion:

The Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market is poised for remarkable growth, driven by advances in biotechnology, rising consumer demand for sustainable and alternative proteins, and the expanding range of applications. Despite challenges such as high production costs and regulatory hurdles, the sector’s potential for innovation and environmental impact offers substantial opportunities. Future trends point to increased investment in research and development, integration with emerging technologies, and broader market acceptance. As the technology matures and global awareness grows, precision fermentation is set to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of food production and sustainable ingredient solutions.

[supriyab]

The global precision fermentation ingredients market size is estimated to be valued at USD 2.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 36.3 billion by 2030, recording a CAGR of 44.0% by value.

[vipinmishra]

Precision Fermentation Market Is Anticipated To Expand In The Coming Years

Growing veganism and reduced reliance on animal-based food are driving the precision fermentation market.

According to TechSci Research report, “Precision Fermentation Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2017-2027”, the Global Precision Fermentation market stood at USD 293.75 in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 38.73% in the forecast period, 2024-2027. The major factors driving the growth of Precision Fermentation Market include decreasing dependency on animal-based food, growing adoption of being vegan, Cultured meat production.

Precision Fermentation is microorganisms' genetic modification and fermentation to create organic molecules. The products produced through the process will be cheaper in the future than those produced from animals. Precision fermentation does not depend upon climatic changes. The food items produced from precision fermentation are regulated like any other food ingredient. As these products are animal-free, vegans still have some allergen capabilities due to their animal counterparts.

Many startups are investing in precision fermentation. These startups include Israel’s Remilk and Imagindairy, Estonia’s ProProtein, the UK-based Better Dairy, and German operation Formo. Berlin-based Formo invested USD50 million to form lab-grown dairy products in September 2021. Companies are investing in precision fermentation because this process can create many complex organic molecules without incorporating animals. The US Department of Agriculture was the first government to invest USD10 million in Tuft’s University to scale up cellular food production in October 2021. Between 2018 and 2020, the Good Food Institute, a non-profit institute in Washington DC, dispensed almost US$3 million in supporting fundamental research on scaling.

Browse over XX market data Figures spread through XX Pages and an in-depth TOC on "Global Precision Fermentation Market" https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/precision-fermentation-market/8073.html

The Global Precision Fermentation Market is segmented into Ingredient Produced, Microbes, End User Industry, Region, and By Company.

The market is segmented into Whey & Casein Protein, Egg White, Collagen Protein, Heme protein and Others based on ingredient produced. In 2021, Whey & Casein protein segment holds the major revenue share i.e., 42.68%. Whey & Casein protein is majorly used in the production of dairy products and this process is significantly involve in the production of dairy products. Heme Protein is the fastest growing in forecast years due to the growing adoption of being vegan.

The market is classified into three categories based on the microbe: Yeast, Algae, Bacteria. With a market share of 46.47% in 2021, the yeast is dominating the Global Precision Fermentation Market. The products made by the procedure of precision fermentation are mostly by the help of yeast because it doesn’t require specific environmental condition for its growth and yeast is anaerobic. Followed by algae, for some products algae is also used to produce by precision fermentation.

Based on regional analysis, in terms of revenue share in 2021, North America dominated the global precision fermentation market with the market share of 47.26%. Because the startups doing the process to produce dairy products and protein are mainly North America based. North America account major share also due to the highest investments in the region.

The leading companies operating in the Global Precision Fermentation Market are:

New Culture Inc

Perfect Day, Inc

Triton Algae Innovations

Change Foods, Inc

Remilk

Impossible Foods Inc.

Motif FoodWorks, Inc

Formo Bio Gmbh

The Every Company

Geltor, Inc

Better Dairy

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“Global Precision Fermentation Market will see a robust growth during the forecast period of 2017-2027. The market of precision fermentation is expected to develop because people are more concerned regarding the treatment of animals in slaughterhouse, nowadays. Due to that people are focused on the production of food which doesn’t require the use of animals.”, said Mr. Karan Chechi, Research Director with TechSci Research, a research based global management consulting firm.

“Precision Fermentation Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028, Segmented By Ingredient Produced (Whey & Casein Protein, Egg White, Collagen Protein, Heme Protein, Others), By Microbe (Yeast, Algae, Bacteria, Others), By End User Industry (Food & Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Others), By Region”, has evaluated the future growth potential of Global Precision Fermentation Market and provides statistics & information on market size, structure, and future market growth. The report intends to provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound investment decisions. Besides, the report also identifies and analyzes the emerging trends along with essential drivers, challenges, and opportunities in Global Precision Fermentation Market.

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[mindblowingscience]

The synthetic biology and precision fermentation space is a hotbed of entrepreneurial activity these days. But it’s not every day you come across a startup that’s using genetic engineering to produce natural rubber — a substance that’s challenging to reproduce in a lab because of how long its polymer is. Paris-based baCta has a proof of concept up and running that uses engineered bacteria (Escherichia coli) to yield natural rubber in vitro. The startup says its method, which relies upon a renewable feedstock — currently it’s using glucose but is aiming to diversify into acetate and carbon — is carbon neutral.

Continue Reading.

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Writing Notes: On Food

A compilation of notes on how to describe food in writing.

How to Describe Food: Flavour & Texture

1. Write about the flavour.

Rich -> full, heavier foods. Often used to describe foods containing cream (e.g., potatoes & garlic, soup, and chocolate cake).

Bland -> has little or no flavour.

Bitter -> a tart, sharp, and sometimes harsh flavour (e.g., coffee).

Citrusy -> a bright flavour (e.g., lemons, limes, oranges, and other citrus fruits).

Fresh -> a light and crisp taste. Often used to describe produce or herbs. (e.g., apples, lettuce, cucumbers, carrots, etc. Or bakery items like breads, muffins, etc.)

Fruity -> any taste reminiscent of sweet fruit flavours (e.g., grapes, blueberries, peaches, etc.).

Smoky -> a taste reminiscent of the smell of smoke (e.g., BBQ).

Sour -> a biting, tangy, tart flavour (e.g., lemons, Sour Patch Kids, and other sour candies).

Sweet -> a sugary flavour (e.g., candies, ice creams, desserts, etc.).

Zesty -> a fresh, vivid, or invigorating flavour (e.g., tacos, Italian pasta salad, etc.).

2. Write about the texture:

Mushy -> soft, but in an unpleasant way (e.g., if you cook vegetables too long, they’ll get mushy).

Tough and chewy -> are similar. Both describe foods which are difficult to eat because you have to chew them for a long time (e.g., meat can be tough or chewy, especially if it’s cooked too long and it gets dry).

Tender -> similar to ‘soft’, but it’s mostly used to describe meat which is cooked well, so it’s soft and juicy.

Crunchy -> food that makes a lot of noise when you’re eating them (e.g., dry food – like potato chips, or hard cookies – can be crunchy).

Words to Describe Different Flavours

For rich, spicy, or savoury flavours. The following words represent complex, spicy, or flavourful seasonings and dishes: buttery, caramelized, peppery, piquant, salty, sapid, saporous, savoury, smoky, spicy.

For sweet or fresh flavours. These descriptors characterize fresh or sugary dishes: ambrosial, bittersweet, bright, fruity, honeyed, minty, nectarous, saccharine, sharp-tasting, sweet, syrupy, treacly, zesty.

For subtle flavours. Some dishes are on the milder side. You can use one of these words to describe the taste: bland, mellow, tasteless.

For sour flavours. A sour or complex taste can be challenging to articulate. Here are some descriptive words to help: astringent, briny, citrusy, fermented, sour, tart, vinegary.

For hard or crunchy textures. Use these words to describe a crispy or chewy texture: broiled, caramelized, crusty, flaky, leathery, sizzling, thick, thin, toasted, toothsome.

For soft or fluid textures. These words can help you describe drinks, desserts, or other soft items: crumbly, doughy, fizzy, gooey, juicy, luscious, mashed, mushy, rubbery, runny, simmered, smothered, spongy, sticky, tender, velvety, waxy.

For the smell of food. Here are common food adjectives you can use to describe smells: acrid, astringent, bright, citrusy, fermented, heady, honeyed, minty, nutty, peppery, pungent, rancid, rotten, smoky, sour, vinegary.

Tips for Describing Food in Writing

Be specific. There are a lot of food words that are vague or general, like “delicious,” “yummy,” “succulent,” “delectable,” “mouth-watering,” or “finger-licking.” Avoid these overused phrases. Focus on the food's particular flavour, texture, or smell to make your writing more evocative and precise. Rather than describing a soup as “tasty” or “scrumptious,” try more specific words like “buttery,” “chunky,” or “minty.”

Consider your purpose. Decide if your goal is to explain a culinary experience or make the food sound appetizing. A clear understanding of your intention and target audience can help you shape your writing to be the most compelling.

Evoke all the senses. While you lean heavily on taste to describe food, remember to explore the texture, smell, sight, and sound of a dining experience as well. Including sensory language that incorporates the other senses creates a more robust experience for readers.

Sometimes less is more. Food writing is most effective when it’s focused, allowing readers to zero in on the essential details of the dish. If you include too many descriptors or attach multiple adjectives to each noun, you can overwhelm or confuse readers.

Sources: 1 2 3 ⚜ More: Writing Notes & References ⚜ 100 Sensory Words

If these writing notes helped with your poem/story, please tag me. Or leave a link in the replies. I'd love to read them!

[shakespearesdaughters]

“It is in vain to say human beings ought to be satisfied with tranquillity: they must have action; and they will make it if they cannot find it. Millions are condemned to a stiller doom than mine, and millions are in silent revolt against their lot. Nobody knows how many rebellions besides political rebellions ferment in the masses of life which people earth. Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties, and a field for their efforts, as much as their brothers do; they suffer from too rigid a restraint, to absolute a stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex.” ― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre

[macgyvermedical]

Do you know how our understanding and treatment of diabetes has changed through history?

Oooh good question, anon!

As you may guess, diabetes mellitus is not new.

We've known about it since at least the Ebers Papyrus (1550 BCE) when the disease and a treatment was first described. This treatment was: "a liquid extract of bones, grain, grit, wheat, green lead and earth." I did not look these up, but I would guess they did not do a whole lot for the treatment of diabetes.

Later during the 6th century BCE it was first given a name when it was described by Hindu physician Sushruta as madhumeh or "honey urine."

Honey urine is a very apt descriptor for diabetes. In any type, one of the most measurable symptoms is that the person urinates a lot, and the urine tastes sweet (or, if one didn't feel like tasting, that it ferments, or that it attracts ants). This was also the first test for diabetes.

The reason for the sweetness of the urine (as well as a lot of other general info about diabetes) is spelled out more clearly in my "Don't Be That Guy Who Wrote Hansel and Gretel: Witch Hunters" post.

A Greek physician Apolonius of Memphis named it Diabetes, meaning "to siphon" (referring to the large amount of urine lost).

Roman physician Aretaeus later made the first precise description of diabetes. This included the classic symptoms of incessant thirst, copious urination, and constant hunger leading to emaciation and death. He also notes that if deprived of water, the patient will continue to urinate until they become so dehydrated that they die.

The term "Mellitus" was not added until the 1600s by an English physician Thomas Willis. This was again due to the sweetness of the expressed urine. Willis prescribed a diet of "slimy vegetables, rice, and white starch. He also suggested a milk drink which was distilled with cypress tops and egg whites, two powders (a mixture of gum arabic and gum dragant), rhubarb and cinnamon". Supposedly his patients improved if they kept to this diet, though few managed it long term. I honestly don't know how it would have worked, even temporarily.

A major breakthrough came in 1889 when it was discovered that if you removed the pancreas from a dog, the dog would become diabetic (particularly, that it would urinate large quantities of sweet urine). Up until this point it was thought that diabetes stemmed from the kidneys and bladder, or perhaps the lungs. This was the first time it had been shown experimentally that the pancreas was the problem.

Speaking of this, this was also part of a series of experiments where an English physician named Merkowski implanted a small amount of pancreas in the pancreas-less dog's fat, which reversed the diabetes temporarily. This proved that the pancreas was making something that helped regulate blood (and thus urine) sugar.

What this was wasn't figured out until 1921, when Canadian scientists Banting and Best (with help from McLeod and Collip) isolated something they called insletin (after the islets of langerhans, where the substance was being produced). It's important to note that all of these scientists hated each other so much they almost refused a Nobel Prize over it. Later, Collip would refine the substance and McLeod would rename it insulin.

Prior to insulin existing there was basically 1 vaguely useful treatment for diabetes. Unfortunately, that was starvation. So you could either die a slow and painful death by diabetes or you could die a slightly less slow but still painful death due to eating about 500 calories per day. Either way, diabetes was fatal, usually within a couple of years of diagnosis.

By 1923, the first commercial insulin product, Iletin, had been developed. Iletin was a U10 insulin (10 units per 1 milliliter- less potent than today's U100 and U500 insulins) and was made from pork pancreases. It took nearly a ton of pork pancreas to make 1oz of insulin. Fortunately, as a byproduct of the meat industry, pancreases were readily available.

Now, you might be thinking- no one has mentioned type 1 or type 2 yet in this entire post!

Well, you would be right, because diabetes wouldn't be split into 2 forms (insulin-dependent and non-insulin dependent) until 1979, and wouldn't be classified as types 1 and 2 until 1995. That's right- some of you were alive when there was only one kind of diabetes out there.

Now, there's more about the types in the Hansel and Gretel post, but essentially type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas itself stops producing insulin, usually in childhood. When this happens, the body stops being able to use sugar (insulin, a hormone, acts as a "key" to let sugar into cells for use). Without replacing that insulin, the person dies because their cells starve.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas still produces insulin, but the cells stop responding to it correctly. This causes high sugar levels in the blood, which causes longer-term complications (infections, ulcers, blindness, neuropathy, heart and kidney disease, hyperosmolar syndrome, etc..) which eventually lead to death.

We started discovering oral drugs that worked on what would later become type 2 in the 1950s. Particularly those that worked by increasing the insulin output of the pancreas, but only when the pancreas was still producing some insulin.

Predicting which diabetics would benefit from oral therapies was challenging, but it was recognized that when the onset of diabetes was slow and came on in adulthood, the oral agents would work, while if it came on suddenly in childhood, the oral agents wouldn't. Terms like "adult onset" and "maturity onset" were common:

(Side note: if you have ever read Alas, Babylon (1955) there is a diabetic character who by today's standards clearly has type 1 diabetes, but wants to switch to the "new oral pill" (called "orinase" in the book, though they are likely referring to diabinese pictured above).)

From 1923 into the 1980s, insulin was given once or twice per day, and not particularly titrated to blood sugar. This was probably just because we didn't have a great way to measure blood sugar in real time. Pre-1970s, there was no way to test blood sugar outside of a lab setting.

Urine testing was common starting in the 1940s, but was cumbersome as it required a flame for heating the urine. By the 1950s, a test had been developed that didn't require a flame, but was still not practical for home use. In the 1960s, paper strips were developed that changed color for different amounts of sugar in the urine. The problem with this was that the strips couldn't change color until there was sugar in the urine- a blood sugar level of over 200 by today's measurements. Low blood sugar readings were impossible at this time, and had to be treated based on symptoms.

In the 1970s, blood sugar could finally be measured by putting a drop of blood on a test strip, wiping it off, and matching the color of the test strip to a chart. While less cumbersome than urine tests, this was still something that would generally only be done at a doctor's office.

In 1983, the first home blood glucometer is developed. Finally, it was practical to take one's sugar multiple times per day, and it becomes possible to experiment with "sliding scale" insulin injections that keep tighter control of blood sugar. By the late 90s, continuous glucose monitors became available- though unlike today's CGMs that allow readings in real time on a smartphone or monitor, these had to be downloaded to a computer at regular intervals.

The 1980s were the first decade where insulin pumps become widely available. The very first pump was large and had to be carried in a backpack, but it represented a huge step forward in glucose control, as it more closely mimicked the function of a working pancreas than once-daily injections.

For the next 30 or so years you really had to work to qualify for an insulin pump, but recently it's been found that pumps greatly improve compliance with blood glucose control whether or not the person had good compliance before getting the pumps, and insurance has gotten better about covering them (though CGMs are still a pain to get insurance to cover).

The 1980s was also the decade that recombinant human insulin (insulin made by genetically modified bacteria) was first used. Up until that point the only insulins were pork and beef insulins, which some people had allergic reactions to. Recombinant insulin was closer to regular human insulin than beef or pork, and represented a big change in how insulin was made.

Today for people who take insulin to manage their diabetes, insulin is usually given as a single injection of a long-acting basal insulin, coupled with smaller doses of ultra-short-acting insulins with meals or snacks. This is the closest we've gotten to mimicking the way a pancreas would work in the wild, and keeps very tight control of blood sugar. This can be done by fingerstick blood sugar tests and individual injections of insulin, or it can be done with a CGM and pump- it just depends on the resources available to the person and their personal preference.

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CPL's daily case study on tumblr.... CPL Business Consultants developed a technical and commercial strategy for biopesticides production using semi-solid-state fermentation.

[ananya5400]

Explore how precision fermentation is revolutionizing alternative protein production with animal-free ingredients like milk proteins, fats, and collagen. Driven by veganism and sustainability trends, this technology is set to reshape the global food industry, with the market projected to reach $36.3 billion by 2030

[calitsnow]

Is Hong Lu the tea ?

I really like this title but of course I'm not trying to imply that Hong Lu is literally tea but I would like to talk about a potential foreshadowing or metaphor (?) concerning Hong Lu and which takes place in the story Liu association 5.

It is not so much a theory but more of an analysis which serves to point at elements which seem to reinforce ideas we have about Hong Lu and to better understand or even guess what his canto will look like.

Summary:

Hong Lu is = to the tea of this story

The objectification of Hong Lu

Hong Lu is like water

Spoilers further below

I/ Hong Lu is = to the tea of this story

It's time to talk about the frames that initiated this over-analysis.

Frames that appear to be a rather trivial conversation about tea leading to a humorous exchange between the three characters. But is that really all there is to take from this exchange? What if there was a foreshadowing or/and a metaphor hidden behind it?

It's true that the dialogues at the end of this story, where Hong Lu discusses the ability of his left eye to shine, is more memorable. I admit that it was also the part that caught my attention the most at first. However, upon rereading this passage, I find this exchange very interesting to analyze.

So here we go:

I've seen some people discussing that Hong Lu's age is around 30 years (I think), but I couldn't find the post, so I'll rather assume that Hong Lu is between 20 and 30 years old, as many people (including myself) think.

And this is where it all begins, because when I see Hong Lu talking about a tea "fermented for over 20 years in an ideal environment" and described as "nigh priceless," I can't help but wonder if there's a direct parallel to be made with his character.

We already know that Hong Lu has lived a sheltered life, presumably since forever, in an environment isolated from the rest of the world by and with his family, until finally he joined Limbus Company, which became (it seems) his first experience of the outside world.

If we follow the idea that, Hong Lu is over 20 years old and that him joining Limbus Company was his first interaction with the outside world, then we can see his arrival at the company as if he was taken out of the closet, like the tea that was brought out after more than 20 years of fermanting in this "ideal environment".

It remains to be seen whether Hong Lu escaped this "closet" or if he was brought out for a particular reason.

All this to say that Hong Lu's life until the game’s events could be seen as that of tea fermenting for years before serving its purpose.

We can therefore draw a parallel between the fermentation of the tea Hong Lu talks about and the type of life Hong Lu has led so far: Hong Lu is like the tea, and perhaps this image can give us or confirm what Hong Lu's life was like and how it is meant to be seen: that Hong Lu was fermented within this familial environment to produce an individual nigh priceless.

[SD: Now, if I use the term "fermentation/fermented" to talk about Hong Lu, I will, of course, be referring to his sheltered life with his family, but it will be easier to use the same term to talk about both the tea and Hong Lu and to support the parallel.]

What's also interesting is that the ones behind the fermentation of the tea and Hong Lu happen to be the same: Hong Lu's family.

This, I find, reinforces the legitimacy of this comparison.

We can also note that Hong Lu often talks about the tea he savored while still living with his family, so in a way, tea is a reminder of home for Hong Lu or more precisely, his past life.

I know it's not much, but it could still be an indication inviting us to make this comparison or to pay attention to details where tea is mentioned.

Returning to this idea of fermentation, whereas we know that the fermentation of this tea is supposed to give it a unique taste or/and a unique smell, it's hard to say what the goal of Hong Lu's "fermentation" was.

Perhaps to give him a unique "taste," which for Hong Lu would equate to a predefined personality and/or identity corresponding to his family's expectations.

It may also correspond to the fact that Hong Lu was kept isolated from the rest of the world because: rich people's mentality that doesn't want to coexist with those they consider inferior. Who knows…

But ... I can't help but think that there's another reason for this, but it's still too early to really know which one.

II/ The Objectification of Hong Lu

Small parenthesis: Before continuing with the analysis of the tea, I think it's interesting to dwell on this parallel between Hong Lu and a precious object that might make us understand that the question of objectification is a theme that will be relevant for his character.

After all, if in this story Hong Lu is also supposed to be paralleled with, or even "be" the tea, then his status is reduced to that of a precious object brought out for special occasions or to boast to guests.

Moreover, in the same story, Hong Lu lets slip a phrase that might make us think he is reduced to the status of a precious object in his family's eyes, more precisely a precious stone.

Indeed, his heterochromia wouldn't be due to nothing since, if we follow the original plot of *Dream of the Red Chamber* from which his character is drawn, the color and glow emanating from Hong Lu's eye should be due to him being born with a magic jade in his eye (similar to Jia Baoyu (the character Hong Lu is supposed to be inspired by) who was born with a small magic jade stone in his mouth)).

So, a magic jade stone would be in Hong Lu's left eye or something equivalent that might, at least, looks like a jade stone.

And this discussion around his eye (and in a way, his "jade") is probably the first clue showing us that Hong Lu is reduced to this small stone that is the (only) thing giving him value (for his family).

Returning to the idea of objectification, this seems to be supported by the phrase I mentioned at the beginning of this parenthesis:

"To them… I was a gem of a child"

Which might be more literal than one might think.

What's interesting is that this phrase has the appearance of a "false truth" and of something trivial that might be more nightmare fuel than one might have thought if taken under a certain angle.

This seems to be a recurring mechanism in Hong Lu's character (and ties in with the novel's theme) where the first appearance of something can hide the exact opposite. This trivial phrase suggesting that Hong Lu was pampered by his family because he was their little treasure might actually be a phrase hiding a much crueler and darker reality:

That Hong Lu was literally a precious stone to his family and that his value as a human being was reduced to his eye, which seems to be what his family reduced his being to, if we follow this theory.

And Hong Lu seems to be trying to belittle or/and hide his situation.

Hong Lu was summed up to the precious stone in his eye, and that's all he was to his family: a precious gem.

And I mean, I'm fascinated by this atmosphere of falseness that seems to surround Hong Lu: everything seems to be a mirage, an illusion (pun intended).

No, but seriously, I don't know if these are coincidences or over-interpretation, but most of Hong Lu's stories and dialogues (especially those mentioning his family) are steeped in this atmosphere of smoke and mirrors.

It's all the more fascinating that these moments seem to be a glimpse, a warning of what Hong Lu's canto will be: deceptions everywhere. I find it impressive that even in Hong Lu's mechanics / construction and writing, everything brings us back to this impression that we're facing an illusion.

This last paragraph might not have been very clear, but I'm having a bit of trouble describing my thoughts, hope you’d get a part of what I meant.

III/ Hong Lu is Water

So far, this served to show that it was possible to draw a parallel between what's said about the tea and Hong Lu.

It's time now to look at the last element that might give us more to understand how Hong Lu sees himself or the shape his identity crisis will take.

Indeed, we know that each sinner, through their canto, gets through a sort of identity crisis.

They reconnect in a certain way with their identity and face or evolve from a toxic way they had of dealing with their vision of themselves and their identity: Gregor existed only through his mother's expectations and his trauma related to the war and him being dehumanized, Rodya lived through her guilt feeling responsible for what happened to her neighborhood and the view Sonya had of her, Sinclair also lived with his guilt but also his anger towards Kromer, Ishmael lived only for revenge on her captain, etc...

Well, it is still debatable whether each sinner listed and from future cantos are/will be at the same stage of "personal development" and if they all managed/will manage to detach from their past to live for their future (cough, *cough* Gregor).

But I think that, through their Canto, the sinners learn to reconnect (at least a little) with their identity, their true self by "eliminating" what hindered this recognition so far: Herman, Kromer, Ahab...

And I think that's the essential: this reconnection with oneself.

Moreover, I'm not saying that each sinner has renounced their past, forgetting it in a drawer to live entirely differently without it impacting them, but that they have learned to live for a future rather than for and through their past.

A canto thus serves (in part) to help the concerned Sinner reconnect with their identity and their vision of their life/self.

But how would this apply to Hong Lu?

On one hand, I think first by breaking this image of an object that Hong Lu may possess in his family's eyes and perhaps in his own if he was raised with this vision of himself.

But also by tackling this illusory image of himself that Hong Lu displays.

After all, despite the rarity of this tea, the only remark Faust makes is:

"Despite the intense scent, the taste is essentially blank…" and she emphasizes this again by calling it "scented water."

I find that this image of tea being "scented water" is perfectly reflecting the idea that it's a deception, that what we are presented with is actually an illusion.

Indeed, this description could be an excellent example/metaphor of what an illusion is:

"A false interpretation of what one perceives. and Appearance devoid of reality."

The reality of this tea, which is its taste, is masked by an illusion, its scent, which comes across much more intensely to drown out this reality.

I believe this description underscores one of the themes that I think will be very important regarding Hong Lu: this often blurry distinction between what is real and what is an illusion and the idea that what appears true is false, and what appears false is true. This echoes one of the most important passages in the book from which Hong Lu's character is drawn:

"Truth becomes fiction when the fiction's true;

Real becomes not-real when the unreal's real."

We have seen many examples with Hong Lu where what he shows/says is either the opposite of what we thought, or the first impression was ultimately not the reality. For instance, when Hong Lu tells his story on the abandoned ship, we first think it’s a horror story before the twist reveals a truth radically opposed to what we thought.

The fact that Faust refers to water as a base is logical since we’re talking about tea, but it could also be an intelligent way to create a metaphor/foreshadowing with Hong Lu's behavior, which remains quite subdued and sometimes seems deceptive/false.

Moreover, this metaphor is made through an element that is more than perfect to describe someone who only reflects an image and is never their own reflection or lacks personality: water.

Transparent water can symbolize a lack of true substance or character. Similarly, a person whose personality is transparent can be perceived as lacking authenticity or sincerity. This transparency is masked by a scent to try to hide this emptiness and show the opposite of what it really is.

It’s a bit like Jack Vessalius in Pandora Hearts for those who know it.

Oswald describes Jack as water, as someone who only reflects an image, without true authenticity or a real identity of his own. In a sense, he is always playing a role.

It is also always interesting to remember that one of the most important characters in the novel "Dream of the Red Chamber," Lin Daiyu, who has a close relationship with the main character, Jia Baoyu, is a character associated with the element of water. She spends most of the novel being described as weeping or crying, and this is due to the “debt of tears” she promised to repay to the jade stone that helped her in her previous life when she was a flower. Lin Daiyu, being the reincarnation of the flower, repays her debt by crying in her new reincarnation. Hence her association with water.

But let’s get back to our main point.

Next, what’s interesting is the sentence Faust uses right after to criticize the tea she was served:

“I must wonder though, is there a good reason to pay such a stiff price for… for lack of a better word, scented water.”

We try to mask the transparency of this water with a strong scent, but in the end, it remains an illusion and doesn’t fix the real “problem” of this tea: it’s tasteless, without personality. Could Hong Lu then be just scented water that conveys an image filled with scent (that of a young aristocrat who has had an easy life and has been immersed in wealth all his life) to mask his lack of identity or self/ownness (is that a word)?

Hong Lu is merely scented water; he emits a strong and misleading scent that seems to suggest a certain vision he is or/and others have of him, but in the end, he remains just water to which a scent has been added. Perhaps this water couldn’t develop its own taste because it has been fermenting for over 20 years in an ideal environment, imposing on it a scent that has defined its entire identity.

This could also be seen as a metaphor that ties back to the idea of smoke and mirrors and that this image of a dandy that comes from Hong Lu is just an illusion whose scent is stronger and masks his real "taste".

And it also could be a way to reinforce this idea that Hong Lu try to hide or belittle the/his reality with a stronger "scent", masking the reality with something more noticeable even if it's just an illusion.

Hong Lu should then, during his Canto, learn to renounce the bases that has given him a bit of scent until now, what allowed him to be more than just water, to have an identity, to find a new one/ his true self that would be much more authentic and real.

[supriyab]

Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market Growth Opportunities by 2030

The precision fermentation ingredients market size is estimated to be valued at USD 2.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 36.3 billion by 2030, recording a CAGR of 44.0% in terms of value The demand for precision fermentation ingredients is increasing due to the increasing demand for plant-based alternative products worldwide.

The expanding business has offered lucrative business opportunities to the players who are operating in the market segments. For instance, in May 2023, Geltor introduces CAVIANCE™, a vegan type of Il collagen polypeptide offering remarkable skin rejuvenating benefits. This innovative product stimulates six different types of collagens, exhibits potent antioxidant properties, and aids in wound healing. Other key players, like MycoTechnology, established a “groundbreaking” collaborative venture with Oman Investment Authority (OIA) to produce mushroom-based protein using locally cultivated dates. This joint venture will be named Vital Foods Technologies LLC. The overall precision fermentation ingredients market is classified as a competitive market, with the top five key players, namely Geltor (US), Perfect Day, Inc. (US), The Every Co. (US), Impossible Foods Inc. (US), Motif FoodWorks, and Inc. . (US), occupying 25–50% of the market share.

Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market Drivers: Growing adoption of vegan as well as meat-free lifestyles

According to research conducted by The Hartman Group, the landscape of the North American precision fermentation ingredients market is poised for a transformative shift Around 40% of U.S. adults, over 90 million individuals, are ready to embrace precision fermentation products, projected to reach 132 million consumers by 2027. Younger generations are receptive due to environmental concerns and sustainability, with the second most influential factor being the positive impact on the environment. This aligns with their preference for sustainable consumption. The link between precision fermentation and sustainability, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, natural farming, and sustainable packaging, offers innovation potential. Millennials and Gen Z are willing to pay up to 10% more for such products. This technology serves as a catalyst for a more sustainable and technologically advanced market landscape shaped by evolving consumer preferences and environmental consciousness. This trend invariably is supporting the precision fermentation ingredients market growth.

Restraints: Higher manufacturing costs associated with the production of ingredients utilizing precision fermentation ingredients

Demand for microbe-based precision fermented proteins or fats has gained momentum lately due to the increasing demand for animal-free products by the rising vegan population. In addition, precision fermentation provides several benefits: it reduces land and water usage, greenhouse gas emissions, and health problems associated with animal-based products. However, higher manufacturing costs have acted as a major restraint for the industry to scale up. Specific growth media for microorganisms, large-scale fermenters, and specialized purification processes combine to increase the production cost exponentially. Also, the risk of yield failure or contamination is high, as microorganisms need a stable and sterile environment for growth.

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By food & beverage application, the egg alternatives segment is projected to grow with the second-highest CAGR in the precision fermentation ingredients market during the forecast period.

The rising inclination toward vegan food has led manufacturers to introduce a variety of egg alternatives. Precision fermentation derived egg alternatives find use in baking, cooking, and food formulation. Every Company introduced an egg protein called ClearEgg via precision fermentation in collaboration with Pressed Juicery in November 2021. In April 2021, the company increased its production capacity of egg alternatives further. In 2022, Shiru streamlined animal-free egg prototype creation using AI and machine learning. This innovative method accelerated the replication of egg properties within a plant-based framework.

North America holds the highest market share during the forecast period.

North America remained the largest market for precision fermentation ingredients due to increasing consumer awareness, consumption of healthy food ingredients, the veganism trend, etc. The landscape of North American precision fermentation ingredients market is poised for a transformative shift; around 40% of U.S. adults, over 90 million individuals, are ready to embrace precision fermentation products, projected to reach 132 million consumers by 2027 (The Hartman Group). Younger generations are receptive due to environmental concerns and sustainability, with the second most influential factor being the positive impact on the environment. This aligns with their preference for sustainable consumption. The link between precision fermentation ingredients and sustainability, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, natural farming, and sustainable packaging, offers innovation potential. Millennials and Gen Z are willing to pay up to 10% more for such products. This technology serves as a catalyst for a more sustainable and technologically advanced market landscape shaped by evolving consumer preferences and environmental consciousness.

Top Companies in the Precision Fermentation Ingredients Market

Key players in this market include Geltor (US), Perfect Day, Inc. (US), The Every Co. (US), Impossible Foods Inc. (US), Motif FoodWorks, Inc. . (US), Formo (Germany), Eden Brew (Australia), Mycorena (Sweden), Change Foods (US), and MycoTechnology (US).