#oil filler machine

[spheretechpackagingindia]

Oil Filling Machine - Quality Oil Filler Machine Supplier in Mumbai

Looking for an oil filling machine Supplier and exporter for your industry, then connect with us now at (022)-2500 5773 we are a leading supplier and exporter focussing on Liquid Packaging solutions.

[shivshaktimachtech]

Safflower Oil Filling Machine Manufacturer from Ahmedabad - Shiv Shakti Machtech

[got-into-worm-by-mistake]

I find it both funny and absurd how Valefor and the Butcher, baddies that in earlier of Worm would have taken an arc or more to take down, are dealt with a chapter each, essentially.

And like, yes, a lot of it is the Undersiders being a far more well-oiled machine and yada yada, but a lot of it is also clearly Wildbow just not wanting to linger. like, the Bakuda Fight wasn't 'fluffed' in the sense that it had tons of filler, but it could have been shorter.

But clearly, Wildbow just wants to speedrun ahead, and yeah, he's also giving Taylor a brief kickass Warlord Arc, thankfully, but in another, probably worse universe, Wildbow devotes like half an arc's worth of chapters at least to both takedowns and the fights drag on forever.

In this case, Wildbow, make kudos, thank you so much for not dragging this out.

[bigeasyironworkss]

Preventing Defects and Imperfections in Welded Joints

Welding is a critical process used across industries to join metals in the construction of buildings, bridges, automobiles, aircraft, pipelines and many other structures. However, welding is not a perfect process and various types of defects can occur, both internally and externally in the welded metal. These welding defects are imperfections that deviate from acceptable tolerances, weakening the joint and potentially leading to catastrophic failures. Understanding the common types of welding defects, their causes, and preventive measures is crucial for ensuring the integrity and reliability of welded structures. In this article, we will explore the major categories of welding defects, delve into specific defect types, examine their causes, and discuss strategies for preventing their occurrence.

Types of Welding Defects

Welding defects can be broadly classified into two main categories:

External defects: Discontinuities that are visible on the surface of the weld metal

Internal defects: Imperfections that occur within the weld metal and are not readily visible

External Welding Defects

Some of the most common external welding defects include:

Cracks: Fractures that form in the weld metal or heat-affected zone due to thermal stresses, hydrogen embrittlement, or solidification shrinkage

Undercut: A groove-like defect along the edges of the weld bead, reducing the cross-sectional area and weakening the joint

Overlap: Excessive weld metal that flows onto the base material without proper fusion

Spatter: Small droplets of molten metal that solidify on the base material or surrounding area, affecting aesthetics and requiring additional cleaning

Internal Welding Defects

Internal welding defects are not readily visible and often require advanced inspection techniques to detect. Some common internal defects are:

Porosity: Gas bubbles or cavities that form within the weld bead due to trapped gas during solidification

Slag inclusion: Retention of solid materials, metallic or non-metallic, within the weld metal

Lack of fusion: Insufficient bonding between the base material and weld metal or between successive weld beads

Incomplete penetration: The weld does not fully extend through the thickness of the base material, leaving a gap or void

Causes of Welding Defects

Several factors can contribute to the formation of welding defects:

Poor welding technique: Incorrect welding parameters, improper electrode angle, or inadequate travel speed

Incorrect welding parameters: Unsuitable voltage, current, or wire feed speed settings

Contamination: Presence of impurities such as oil, grease, rust, or moisture on the base metal or filler material

Inadequate shielding gas coverage: Insufficient or improper shielding gas flow, leading to atmospheric contamination

Improper joint preparation: Incorrect joint design, poor fit-up, or inadequate cleaning of the joint surfaces

Preventing Welding Defects

To minimize the occurrence of welding defects and ensure high-quality welds, several preventive measures can be implemented:

Proper Welding Technique

Maintain the correct electrode angle and travel speed

Adjust welding parameters based on the material thickness and joint configuration

Ensure proper weld bead placement and overlap

Material Preparation

Thoroughly clean the base metal and filler material to remove contaminants

Ensure proper joint preparation, including beveling and fit-up

Preheat the base metal when required to reduce thermal stresses

Shielding Gas Management

Use the appropriate shielding gas composition and flow rate for the specific welding process and material

Regularly check and maintain the gas delivery system to prevent leaks or contamination

Ensure adequate gas coverage, especially in windy or drafty environments

Equipment Maintenance and Calibration

Regularly inspect and maintain welding equipment to ensure proper functioning

Calibrate welding machines and monitoring devices to maintain accurate settings

Replace worn or damaged components, such as contact tips and gas nozzles

Welder Training and Qualification

Provide comprehensive training to welders on proper techniques, parameter selection, and defect prevention

Ensure welders are qualified and certified according to relevant standards and codes

Encourage continuous learning and skill development through ongoing training and education

Implementing Quality Control Measures

Establish and follow welding procedures and specifications

Conduct visual inspections and non-destructive testing (NDT) to detect and evaluate defects

Implement corrective actions and process improvements based on defect analysis and root cause identification

Detecting and Correcting Welding Defects

Despite preventive measures, welding defects may still occur. Early detection and appropriate corrective actions are essential to maintain the integrity of welded structures. Some common methods for detecting and correcting welding defects include:

Visual Inspection

Examine the weld surface for visible defects such as cracks, undercut, overlap, or spatter

Use magnifying lenses or borescopes for closer inspection of hard-to-reach areas

Document and evaluate the severity of defects based on acceptance criteria

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

Employ NDT techniques such as radiographic testing (RT), ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), or dye penetrant testing (PT) to detect internal defects

Interpret NDT results and determine the acceptability of defects based on applicable standards and specifications

Perform additional testing or sectioning for further evaluation if necessary

Corrective Actions

Remove defects by grinding, chipping, or gouging, ensuring complete removal of the defective material

Re-weld the affected area using proper techniques and parameters

Perform post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) when required to relieve residual stresses and improve mechanical properties

Re-inspect the repaired area to confirm the effectiveness of the corrective action

Advancements in Welding Technology

Welding technology continues to evolve, with advancements aimed at improving weld quality, productivity, and safety. Some notable developments include:

Automated welding processes: Robotic welding systems and computer-controlled welding machines enhance precision, consistency, and efficiency, reducing human error and variability.

Advanced welding consumables: New filler materials with improved mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and weldability enable welding of challenging materials and in demanding environments.

Real-time monitoring and control systems: Sensors, data acquisition systems, and machine learning algorithms enable real-time monitoring of welding parameters, defect detection, and process optimization, leading to improved weld quality and reduced rework.

Conclusion

Preventing defects and imperfections in welded joints is crucial for ensuring the structural integrity, safety, and reliability of welded components across various industries. By understanding the common types of welding defects, their causes, and implementing effective preventive measures, welding professionals can significantly reduce the occurrence of defects and achieve high-quality welds.

[ghostlycorvid]

Got the sewing machine up and running first thing in the morning! The only snag I ran into was the needle clamp being gummed up with old sewing machine oil and not being placed back on there correctly by a previous owner. Took it off, gave it a good cleaning, and it slid right back on perfectly and I had no problem installing the needle after! 

Tested it by just turning the hand wheel, it took a few tries adjusting the bobbin tension but I got the stitches looking neat and tidy! I’m definitely not used to older machines where you have to manually adjust the tension for the top and bottom threads separately, thankfully it’s pretty easy!

The other 7 hours of my workday were spent out on the office deck, giving the wood a nice wash with oil soap and then oiling the cast iron base. The little bit of cleaning really made the wood pop ;w; 

I patched some of the holes in the drawers with wood filler, and also found some finishing nails to stabilize a couple of corners that had come apart over the years. I ordered some fun drawer handles last night, so hopefully I’ll be able to make something that looks nice when they come in! 

The last thing I need to do to make it properly functional is treat the leather strap to help it get more grip. It turns fine with the slower speed of the handwheel, but as soon as I get the treadle wheel moving, it’s too fast and the leather strap just sits there. We might have some rosin at home from my mom’s days of playing violin... 🤔

My next step will be consulting with our shipwright to see what he thinks can be done about some of the trickier wood damage that I don’t know how to repair. Every guide I find on patching up wood damage is like “fill it with wood filler then slap some BORING ASS PAINT over your nice 115 year old antique wood stain” which is not going to happen lmao but also means that my internet research isn’t giving me any good leads. I know I could try to match the staining, but that will be tricky without talking to someone who actually knows this stuff.

[eilooxara]

Ok time for an infodump I guess

Noise Control: How To Make That Fucking Thing Stop

Perhaps you hate noise. Perhaps you have neighbors or roommates or a washing machine or whatever that, despite your suffering, persists in making noise.

In that, you are like me. But one way we may differ is that I've studied physical acoustics extensively back in grad school and I know a lot about what can be done about noise.

There are a lot of methods to control noise, but they are not all equally effective; in fact, there is a strict hierarchy of efficacy, and each tier is only worth trying if you can't meaningfully do anything in the tier before it.

Tier 1: Stop it at the source

The best way to keep a noise out of your ears is to make the noise never come into existence in the first place. It's like if you have a prophesied enemy who'll destroy you so you kill their parents before they're born. Sensible!

Stopping it at the source depends, of course, on the source.

For your squeaking and creaking noises, these come from microscopic slipping and catching of two or more solid surfaces in contact with each other. There are two ways to stop these sorts: make it EASIER for the surfaces to move against one another--no catching--or make it IMPOSSIBLE (not just more difficult) for them to move against one another--no slipping. Which is better will depend on the thing! A creaky metal bed frame might be best fixed by welding the joints to prevent any movement. If you own your home and have a creaky floorboard, you could (though it's a big project) replace flooring nails with screws, because screws will keep the boards from pulling up as they flex over time. A squeaking doorknob, hinge, etc just wants some oil. Use 3 in 1 oil rather than WD40, it's a better lubricant in most cases. If you've got a fan or something that squeals, take it apart and clean it, then lubricate the bearings.

For your thumps and bumps, the noise is caused by the rapid impact of one thing on another. The best way to stop sounds like this is to soften the impact points. I'm mostly thinking of footsteps in the floor above you--a rug or carpet, especially with a soft pad underneath, will help a lot in making those footfalls not make sound in the first place.

Traffic noise mostly comes from the tires rubbing against the road. You may have noticed that traffic noise is less when there's a soft layer of snow.

But you can't make it snow (can you? If you can, DM ME PLEASE).

Time for Tier 2: I can't stop the source, but I can block the way

Sound propagates through anything. The ones that matter most here will be air and solid structures.

What to do next depends on which it's doing.

If the sound is propagating through air--your roommate is having a party outside your door, there's somebody outside with a leaf blower and it's illegal to murder them in your area, etc., then the best thing you can do is block the path of sound. Sound is great at turning around corners, so putting a shield directly between you and the source will not help much (though it may still make a noticeable difference). You want to completely fill the space between you and the sound source: a door with a 3 inch gap lets through nearly as much sound as a door that is all the way open. If you've got a little gap at the bottom of the door or window, stuff it with something. The best gap fillers will be malleable to press and fill whatever gaps exist, and they'll be heavy, and they'll be complex in shape (more on that later). But whatever you can manage is better than open air.

Ok, so what if the sound isn't coming to you through air? Your upstairs neighbors are playing DDR and the sound is coming from your ceiling.

Unfortunately, blocking the path when the sound is propagating through a structure is much harder to do. You'd have to dismantle the ceiling/wall/etc and introduce gaps between the structure on your side and on their side. If you own your home this is possible but expensive and elaborate. If you're renting then you obviously can't.

Or perhaps the source of the sound is in open air and you want to be outside, and blocking the path would mean building some sort of elaborate dome over you or it. Impractical!

Unfortunately we're at Tier 3: stuff that sort of works

Sound can be reduced in intensity by making it turn a lot of corners or go through a lot of changes in medium. Even sound that still has a direct path to your ears can be mitigated by putting something along its route that will suck some of its energy away.

What can do that?

- complex surfaces. This is where things like acoustic foam, or fluffy fabrics, or bags of sand, or shelves full of books come in. What these all have in common is very complex geometry. When a sound wave gets inside them, it has many tiny bounces and turns and twists before it gets back out.

- heavy weight. Air is light. Not-air is comparatively heavy. Every time sound moves from a light thing to a heavy thing, it loses some energy. If the sound is in a structure, like say your ceiling, your best option is to put a heavy-ass layer in between (one that's heavier than the stuff the structure is made of). Hard to do. But it would help.

[fipindustries]

rewatching steven universe future right now and im really appreciatting how... tight this season feels, it feels well planned and like a coherent whole, in a way that prevous seasons constant threat of cancellation and irregular scheduling didnt allow for.

there is a sense that by the time the crew came back for one last season they were a well oiled machine, they had spent 8 years working on something and were practisced in how it was done right, they had the pipeline down, they know what a steven universe season looked like and how it was done. it is no surprise that it feels like the most coherent, the one that has the least noticeable off model moments, the least "filler" episodes, the one with the better constructed overall plot and the one with the strongest sense of continuity to it. this is work done by people who finally, at last, know what they are doing and were given the proper space to tell a story the way it was supposed to be told from beggining to end through the span of one season

[yiruimetalmg]

WHAT IS MAGNESIUM USED FOR IN MANUFACTURING?

Magnesium is a lightweight, durable, and highly versatile metal that has a wide range of applications in various manufacturing industries. This metal is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and has excellent corrosion resistance, making it an ideal choice for many industrial applications. In this blog, we will explore some of the most common uses of magnesium in manufacturing.

Magnesium metal used for Die Casting:

Magnesium is widely used in die casting applications due to its low density, high strength, and excellent dimensional stability. Magnesium die casting is used to manufacture parts for the automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries, among others. Some of the parts that can be die-cast from magnesium include engine blocks, transmission cases, steering wheels, and laptop and mobile phone frames.

Some of the benefits of die-casting magnesium include:

1. Lightweight: Magnesium is one of the lightest metals available, with a density that is two-thirds that of aluminum and one-quarter that of steel. This makes it an excellent choice for applications where weight is a critical factor, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries.

2. High Strength-to-Weight Ratio:

Magnesium alloys have a high strength-to-weight ratio, making them stronger and more durable than many other materials. This is particularly important in applications where the part must withstand high stress and loads.

3. Good Corrosion Resistance:

Magnesium metal alloys have excellent corrosion resistance, which makes them ideal for use in harsh environments. They are particularly resistant to saltwater and other corrosive substances, making them useful in marine applications.

The combination of low weight, high strength, good corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, and excellent machinability makes magnesium an ideal choice for die casting applications.

Magnesium metal used for Welding

Magnesium is also used in welding applications due to its low melting point and excellent heat conductivity. Magnesium welding is used to manufacture components such as aircraft and aerospace parts, bicycle frames, and automotive parts.

Magnesium is a reactive metal that is prone to oxidation, which can create problems when welding. Here are some of the key factors to consider when welding magnesium:

1. Cleanliness: Magnesium must be cleaned thoroughly before welding to remove any oils, grease, or other contaminants that can interfere with the welding process.

2. Shielding Gas: Welding magnesium requires the use of a shielding gas, such as argon or helium, to protect the molten metal from the surrounding air and prevent oxidation.

3. Welding Technique: Magnesium is best welded using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process, also known as TIG welding. This process allows for precise control of the heat input and minimizes the risk of oxidation.

4. Preheat: Magnesium material should be preheated before welding to reduce the risk of cracking and ensure a strong weld.

5. Filler Metal: Magnesium filler metal should be used when welding magnesium to ensure a strong, durable weld. The filler metal should match the composition of the base metal as closely as possible.

Welding magnesium requires careful preparation and execution to ensure a strong, durable weld. It is important to follow best practices and work with a skilled welder who has experience working with magnesium.

Magnesium metal used for Welding

Magnesium metal used for Extrusion

Magnesium extrusion is used to manufacture a wide range of components for various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and construction. Extruded magnesium components include window frames, door frames, heat sinks, and decorative elements.

Magnesium and magnesium alloys are easy to machine and extrude, which makes them an excellent choice for complex shapes and designs. And magnesium has good thermal conductivity, which means that it can quickly dissipate heat. This makes it useful in applications where heat dissipation is important, such as in electronic devices and automotive parts.

Overall, the combination of low weight, high strength, good corrosion resistance, excellent machinability, and good thermal conductivity makes magnesium an ideal choice for extrusion applications. It is important to note, however, that magnesium is a reactive metal and must be handled carefully to prevent oxidation during the extrusion process. Special precautions must be taken to ensure that the metal is properly protected from the surrounding atmosphere during extrusion.

Magnesium metal used for Extrusion

Magnesium metal used for Sheet Metal Fabrication:

Magnesium sheet metal is used in the manufacture of various components for the aerospace and automotive industries. Magnesium sheet metal is lightweight, strong, and easy to work with, making it an ideal material for producing complex shapes and designs.

Magnesium metal for sale at Yirui Metal can be used for sheet metal fabrication, but there are some important considerations that need to be taken into account. Sheet metal fabrication involves forming, cutting, and joining thin sheets of metal to create a desired shape or structure. Here are some of the key factors to consider when using magnesium for sheet metal fabrication:

1. Cutting and Forming:

Magnesium metal can be cut and formed using many of the same tools and techniques used for other metals. However, it is important to use tools that are designed for use with magnesium to prevent damage to the metal and to ensure a clean, accurate cut.

2. Welding and Joining:

Magnesium material can be welded using a variety of techniques, including gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and laser welding. However, it is important to take special precautions to prevent oxidation during the welding process, as magnesium is highly reactive.

3. Surface Treatment:

Magnesium materialcan be treated with a variety of surface coatings, such as anodizing or plating, to improve its corrosion resistance or to enhance its appearance.

Magnesium material can be a good choice for sheet metal fabrication when its unique properties are needed. However, it is important to work with a skilled fabricator who has experience working with magnesium and who understands the special precautions that must be taken to prevent oxidation during the fabrication process.

Magnesium metal used for Machining

Magnesium metal is also used in machining applications to produce a wide range of components for various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and electronics. Magnesium can be machined to produce complex shapes and designs, making it an ideal material for producing intricate components such as gears, bearings, and connectors.

Magnesium metal is often used for machining because it is a lightweight and easy-to-machine metal with good mechanical properties. Machining involves using cutting tools to remove material from a workpiece to create a desired shape or finish. Here are some of the key factors to consider when machining magnesium:

1. Cutting Tools:

Magnesium material is a soft metal, so it requires cutting tools that are designed for use with soft metals. Carbide tools are a popular choice for machining magnesium, as they are durable and can be used at high speeds.

2. Lubrication:

Magnesium material can be prone to galling, which is a form of surface damage that can occur during machining. To prevent galling, it is important to use a suitable lubricant during the machining process.

3. Safety:

Magnesium material is a flammable metal and can ignite when exposed to heat or sparks. It is important to take proper safety precautions when machining magnesium, such as using fire-resistant barriers and ensuring proper ventilation.

4. Surface Finish:

Magnesium material can be machined to a high degree of accuracy and can achieve a smooth surface finish. However, care must be taken to avoid creating burrs or other defects during the machining process.

Magnesium is a good choice for machining when its unique properties are needed. However, it is important to work with a skilled machinist who has experience working with magnesium and who understands the safety considerations that must be taken when machining this metal.

Magnesium metal used for Powder Metallurgy

Magnesium is also used in powder metallurgy applications to manufacture a wide range of components for various industries, including aerospace and automotive. Magnesium powder metallurgy is used to produce components such as engine parts, gears, and bearings.

Magnesium metal can be used for powder metallurgy, a manufacturing process that involves forming metal powders into a desired shape or structure using heat and pressure. Here are some of the key factors to consider when using magnesium for powder metallurgy:

1. Powder Production:

Magnesium powders can be produced using a variety of techniques, including atomization, chemical reduction, and mechanical milling. The choice of production technique depends on the desired powder characteristics, such as particle size, shape, and purity.

2. Forming:

Magnesium alloy powder can be formed into a desired shape or structure using various techniques, such as hot pressing, cold pressing, or injection molding. Care must be taken to ensure that the powder is properly consolidated and that the final part has the desired properties.

3. Sintering:

After forming, the magnesium part is typically sintered at high temperatures to create a fully dense, solid structure. During the sintering process, the powder particles are bonded together to create a solid mass.

4. Surface Treatment:

Magnesium parts produced using powder metallurgy can be treated with a variety of surface coatings, such as anodizing or plating, to improve their corrosion resistance or to enhance their appearance.

Magnesium is a good choice for powder metallurgy when its unique properties are needed. However, it is important to work with a skilled metallurgist who has experience working with magnesium and who understands the special considerations that must be taken when working with this metal powder.

In conclusion, magnesium is a highly versatile metal that finds a wide range of applications in various manufacturing industries. Its low density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance make it an ideal choice for die casting, welding, extrusion, sheet metal fabrication, machining, and powder metallurgy applications. As technology continues to advance, the use of magnesium is likely to expand further, making it an increasingly valuable material in the years to come.

PREV: Is Magnesium Considered a Heavy Metal?

NEXT: Is Magnesium a Soft Metal?

[isaiahmk]

closed starter: @zzzmoons / reese when: mid-morning after frat party where: dorm

Isaiah was open-minded. If there was anything a person could say about him, it was that—and maybe that he was crotchety and dogmatic, but that shit was irrelevant. He was, by and large, non-discriminatory. But still, when he received information on his dorms over the summer, he had been momentarily shocked to see that a couple girls were on the list. Not that he had anything against girls. He liked girls. Historically, he liked them a whole lot. But the only girls he ever had to share a living space with were the ones he was related to. Isaiah reminded himself it was no big deal; living with this ‘Reese’ would be as much of a learning curve as if she were a guy. So he approached her as normal as he was capable.

“Hey, good morning,” Isaiah greeted perfunctorily with a half-empty ceramic travel mug gripped in one hand and an iPad in the other, happy to bulldoze through the small talk niceties. “Good first night?” More standard filler. Swiftly, he continued: “I wanted your feedback on something. I figured if we’re all going to live together—and if we want things to remain, y’know, peaceable, clean, running like a well-oiled machine, whatever—then we should figure out how we want to divvy shit up.” He placed the travel mug down on the coffee table and sat on the couch, then began tapping at the screen of his iPad. “I made a rough chore chart when I got home last night. Couldn’t sleep. It’s got the basics: sweeping the floor, taking out the garbage, clearing clutter in the common area...” Isaiah trailed off, turning the screen for her to see. “It’s like a rotation. Two weeks for each task.”

[elshadhaicivils]

All about Asphalt Surfacing

Elshadhai Civils

 All about Asphalt Surfacing

https://elshadhaicivils.co.zw +263 78 028 9132

https://elshadhaicivils.co.za +27 82 712 6571

Asphalt surfacing is a mixture of aggregates, binder and filler, used for constructing and maintaining roads, parking areas, railway tracks, ports, airport runways, bicycle lanes, sidewalks and also play- and sport areas.

Aggregates used for asphalt mixtures could be crushed rock, sand, gravel or slags. Nowadays, certain waste and by-products, such as construction and demolition debris, are being used as aggregates, which increases the sustainability of asphalt.

In order to bind the aggregates into a cohesive mixture a binder is used. Most commonly, bitumen is used as a binder, although nowadays, a series of bio-based binders are also under development with the aim of minimising the environmental impact of the roads.

Asphalt Surfacing / Road Construction Process

What is Asphalt concrete?

Asphalt concrete, also referred to as black cementing agent has been used for road construction for centuries. Asphalt is a combination of aggregates, binder, and filler, used for constructing and maintaining roads.

Aggregates used in asphalt mixture can be crushed rock, sand, gravel, or slags. In present times, to increase the sustainability of the asphalt, certain waste and by-products are used, such as materials resulting from the alteration, construction, destruction, rehabilitation, or repair of any manmade physical structure includes houses, buildings, industrial or commercial facilities, and roadways. To bind or put together aggregates into a cohesive mixture a binder is used. Bitumen is used as a binder.

What is Bitumen?

Bitumen is the liquid binder that holds asphalt together and is produced from petroleum. Bitumen is produced through the distillation of crude oil that is recognized for its waterproofing and adhesive properties. This process removes lighter crude oil components, such as gasoline and diesel, leaving the “heavier” bitumen behind. Although nowadays, to minimize the environmental impact of the roads, bio-based binders are also under development.

Asphalt Surfacing Mixture

Asphalt surfacing is a mixture of 2 primary ingredients:

1) Aggregates

2) Asphalt binder

The aggregates have around 95% of the total mixture by weight. Aggregates are mixed with 5% of asphalt binder to produce asphalt pavement. The aggregates and asphalt are heated to an appropriate temperature and mixed in a processing plant capable of producing specified materials. Asphalt pavement is transported by truck to the paving site, it is then spread to a uniform thickness with a paving or finishing machine.

The material is then compacted to the required degree by heavy, self-propelled rollers, producing a smooth pavement course. Depending on the factors such as ambient conditions, to achieve adequate density, care is been taken that mix temperature does not fall below optimum compaction temperature while the material is compacted.

Asphalt Surfacing Laying Temperature Classification

1) Hot mix asphalt

2) Warm mix asphalt

3) Half-warm mix asphalt

4) cold mix asphalt

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) has a laying temperature above 150˚C, it is one of the traditional paving methods used. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) has a lower temperature compared to hot mix asphalt, between 110˚C to 140˚C. The third concept is half-warm mix asphalt (HWMA), it has a lower temperature compared to HMA and WMA, i.e., below 100˚C. While Cold mix asphalt (CMA) is least suitable for paving, having a paving temperature below 60˚C, also cold mix asphalt is the most environment-friendly among all, but due to lack of performance, it is not used as paving temperature.

Anciently, HMA was the most preferred asphalt surfacing temperature but in recent years development, WMA has been performing very close to that of HMA. WMA has a 30% lower production temperature compared to HMA. WMA has advantages such as less power consumption, better performance, decrease emission and lower fuel consumption. Benefits are also seen on-site due to a reduction in emission leading to keep better health of people working on sites. WMA can be used in strictly air polluted areas as well as the site of paving can be opened earlier due to less time for cooling asphalt surfacing so that transportation can easily access it again. HWMA and WMA consume less energy i.e., 50% and 10to30%.

Asphalt Surfacing Process

It consists of the 5 layers mentioned below (From bottom to top)

1) Sub-Grade (150-300mm)

The subgrade is a layer of natural soil prepared to receive the layers of the pavement and is a base of all the payment layers. All the stress of the above pavement layers is transferred to Sub-grade. Hence, it is essential to ensure that the sub-grade is not overstressed. The subgrade should be strong enough to take up the stresses Imposed due to loads without shear failure or excessive deformation.

2) Sub-base (100-300mm)

It is the layer of the material between the Sub-Grade course and Base-Course. The sub-base is also known as soling. The primary functions of the sub-base are to provide structural support, improve drainage, and reduce the intrusion of fines from the sub-grade in the pavement structure. This course provides a medium to spread the wheel loads to the subgrade. In the case of the base course, the course is open-graded or has a large air void, the sub-base course with more fine material can be utilized as filler between sub-grade and the base course. The course usually consists of broken stones, bricks, or aggregates. As the stresses in a sub-base are much lower than those in the base, the material used is inferior to those in the base course. A sub-base course is not mandatory needed or used.

3) Asphalt Surfacing base Course (100-300mm)

The base course layer is above the sub-base layer and immediately beneath the surface of the binder course. The base course is considered an important structural layer of the pavement, it is planned to effectively distribute traffic and environmental loading that underlying unbound layers are not exposed to excessive stresses and strains. The base course also provides additional load distribution and contribution to the sub-surface drainage. Crushed stone, crushed slag, emulsified asphalt, and other untreated or stabilized material are used for the base course.

[nutraexperts]

TESTOSIL: FEEL THE BOOST, TRANSFORM YOUR LIFE! 💪✨

Feeling sluggish? Struggling to keep up with the younger crowd?

You’re not alone.

Many of us worry about energy dips and performance issues as we age.

That’s where Testosil comes in, offering a potential boost when you need it most.

With Testosil for sale, it's time to compare its benefits against others like Testosil vs Prime Male.

Ready to see if this could be your game-changer? Let's jump into the details!

👉 BUY TESTOSIL FOR UNMATCHED TESTOSTERONE SUPPORT

Testosil

When it comes to boosting testosterone levels, I know how confusing things can get.

You might be wondering if there's a product out there that actually works.

Let’s break down what Testosil is all about.

What Is Testosil?

Testosil is marketed as a testosterone booster designed to help men enhance their physical performance and vitality.

It claims to support muscle growth, increase energy levels, and improve overall mood.

I’ve seen plenty of guys rave about its effects on various forums and social media platforms.

But what’s the real deal?

Let’s look at the testosil ingredients that make this product tick.

Key Testosil Ingredients

The magic lies in the blend of ingredients packed into each capsule.

Here are some key components:

D-Aspartic Acid: This amino acid plays a role in hormone production. Some studies suggest it may help boost testosterone levels.

Fenugreek Extract: Known for its potential to enhance libido and promote healthy testosterone levels.

Zinc: Essential for hormone production, zinc deficiency can lead to lower testosterone levels.

Vitamin D: Often linked with improved mood and energy, adequate vitamin D is crucial for maintaining testosterone levels.

These ingredients work together like a well-oiled machine.

They’re not just random herbs thrown into a bottle; they’re selected based on research and effectiveness.

Testosil Side Effects

Now, let's talk about something important – testosil side effects.

Every supplement has its pros and cons, right?

Some users have reported mild side effects such as:

Upset stomach

Headaches

Changes in sleep patterns

Most of these issues seem manageable but keep an eye on how your body reacts when you start taking it.

If you're ever unsure or feel something's off, consulting with a healthcare professional is always smart.

Is Testosil Safe?

So, is testosil safe?

From what I gather, most users don’t experience severe adverse reactions when taking it as directed.

It's generally regarded as safe for healthy adults.

However, if you have any pre-existing health conditions or are on medication, it's better to consult with your doctor first.

Safety first!

The Benefits of Testosil

What really sets this product apart are the potential testosil benefits that many users rave about:

Increased Energy Levels: Many folks report feeling more energetic throughout the day.

Enhanced Muscle Growth: If you're hitting the gym hard, you might notice gains more quickly than before.

Improved Mood: A boost in testosterone can lead to better mood stability and reduced irritability.

Better Libido: Let’s face it; who doesn’t want that?

Take John from Texas, 35 years old:

“After using Testosil for three months, I noticed my workouts were way more productive! My energy skyrocketed.”

And then there’s Mike from California, 42 years old:

“Not only did my strength improve at the gym but my confidence shot up too! It feels great.”

These testimonials highlight how effective this supplement can be for real people dealing with everyday challenges related to low testosterone levels.

Why Choose Testosil?

There are tons of products claiming to do similar things out there but let me tell you why I think Testosil stands tall above others:

Its ingredient list isn’t filled with fillers or mystery compounds.

Real user experiences show positive results without extreme side effects.

It targets multiple areas—energy, muscle growth, mood—all in one go!

If you're looking for a reliable way to boost your testosterone naturally without resorting to harsh chemicals or treatments, give Testosil a shot!

In short,

This isn’t just another supplement; it could be the game-changer you've been searching for.

Ready to take control of your vitality?

👉 BUY TESTOSIL TO TRANSFORM YOUR WORKOUTS

Testosil For Sale

When you're on the hunt for something that can genuinely boost your performance, you want to know where to find it.

I get it.

You’ve heard about Testosil, and now you’re wondering where to snag your own bottle.

Let’s break this down.

Where To Buy Testosil

Finding the right place to buy Testosil is crucial.

You want a reliable source that guarantees quality and authenticity.

The best option?

Head straight to their official website.

It’s the most straightforward way to ensure you’re getting the real deal without any shady business.

Plus, buying directly from the source often means better deals and exclusive offers.

Testosil Price: What You Can Expect

Now, let’s talk money.

The price of Testosil can vary depending on promotions or bundles they offer.

Typically, you’ll find it priced competitively compared to other supplements in its category.

Here’s a quick breakdown of what I’ve seen:

Single Bottle: Around £39.99

Two Bottles: Approximately £69.98 (a nice little saving)

Three Bottles: About £99.97 (the best value if you're serious)

Keep an eye out for seasonal discounts or special promotions on their site too!

These can help you snag a great deal without compromising on quality.

Snagging A Testosil Discount Code

Who doesn’t love a good discount?

If you’re looking for ways to save on your purchase, keep an eye out for Testosil discount codes floating around online.

They often run promotions that give you a percentage off your order or free shipping when you buy multiple bottles.

Signing up for their newsletter is also a smart move.

You might just score an exclusive code sent straight to your inbox!

Imagine getting that boost in performance while saving some cash at the same time—win-win!

Why Choose Testosil Over Other Options?

You might be thinking, “Why should I go with Testosil?”

Good question!

What sets it apart?

For starters, it’s formulated with natural ingredients designed specifically for enhancing testosterone levels safely and effectively.

Many users report noticeable improvements in energy levels, mood stability, and even muscle growth after consistent use.

Take John, 35 years old. He shared,

“I was feeling sluggish and unmotivated until I tried Testosil. Within weeks, my energy skyrocketed! It feels like I'm back in my twenties.”

Then there’s Sarah, 42:

“After starting Testosil, not only did my workouts improve but so did my overall mood! I can’t recommend it enough!”

These testimonials aren’t just fluff; they reflect genuine experiences from real people who decided to take action and boost their confidence through supplementation.

Final Thoughts

So here we are—ready to make a decision?

When searching for Testosil for sale, remember:

Buy from their official website.

Look out for promotional offers.

Keep an eye open for discount codes that could save you money.

This isn’t just about buying another supplement; it's about investing in yourself and reclaiming your vitality.

Don’t wait around while others take charge of their health—make your move today!

👉 BUY TESTOSIL FOR A LIFETIME GUARANTEE

Testosil Vs Prime Male

When it comes to boosting testosterone, two names pop up a lot: Testosil and Prime Male.

I get it. You want to know which one packs more punch.

Let’s break this down.

Ingredients Matter

Both products claim to help with testosterone levels, but what’s inside matters.

Testosil focuses on natural ingredients like:

D-Aspartic Acid

Fenugreek Extract

Zinc

These are known for their potential in supporting testosterone production.

On the flip side, Prime Male boasts its own blend, including:

D-Aspartic Acid

Vitamin D

Nettle Root Extract

Both have D-Aspartic Acid, but the other ingredients differ.

This could affect how each product works for you.

Benefits Breakdown

What can you really expect from each?

With Testosil, users often rave about increased energy levels and better workouts.

Here’s what one user said:

“I’m 35 and felt sluggish all the time. After using Testosil for a month, my energy shot up! I’m hitting the gym harder than ever.” — Mark, 35

Now let’s look at Prime Male. It promises similar benefits but also claims to enhance mood and mental clarity.

One user mentioned:

“I’ve noticed not just physical changes but also a boost in my focus throughout the day.” — John, 42

So both products have their perks. It boils down to what you need most—energy or overall well-being.

Price Point Comparison

Money always plays a role in decisions, right?

Testosil generally sits at a lower price point compared to Prime Male.

If you’re watching your budget but still want results, that could be a game-changer.

But remember: cheaper doesn’t always mean lesser quality.

User Experiences

Real experiences can guide us better than any marketing spiel.

Many folks report significant gains with both products.

For instance:

“Testosil helped me regain my confidence and strength after months of feeling low.” — Tom, 38

And then there’s feedback on Prime Male, which often highlights its mood-enhancing effects:

“I feel more motivated and energetic since starting Prime Male.” — Sarah, 40

Both have their champions!

Safety First

Safety is non-negotiable when choosing supplements.

Both brands claim to use safe ingredients with minimal side effects.

However, personal reactions can vary widely based on individual health conditions or allergies.

Always consult your doctor before trying something new!

Testosil Vs Nugenix: A Quick Look

Now if we throw in another player—Nugenix—the conversation gets even spicier!

While Nugenix has solid reviews too, its formula differs significantly from both Testosil and Prime Male.

It tends to focus heavily on libido enhancement rather than overall testosterone support.

So if that’s your main goal? Nugenix might be worth considering alongside these two heavyweights.

In short:

Testosil: Great for energy and workout performance.

Prime Male: Good for mood enhancement along with physical benefits.

Nugenix: More focused on libido improvement.

Final Thoughts

At the end of the day, it comes down to personal preference and goals.

I’d suggest trying out one first before jumping into another if you're unsure which fits best for your lifestyle.

Remember: everyone reacts differently!

So whether you lean towards Testosil, go for Prime Male, or even consider adding in some insights from the comparison with Nugenix, make sure it aligns with what you're looking for in terms of results!

👉 BUY TESTOSIL AND FEEL THE DIFFERENCE NOW

FAQ

What is Testosil?

Testosil is a testosterone booster designed to help increase testosterone levels in men. It aims to support muscle growth, enhance energy levels, and improve overall vitality.

What are the ingredients in Testosil?

Testosil typically includes a blend of natural ingredients like D-Aspartic Acid, Fenugreek Extract, and Zinc. These components are known for their potential to support testosterone production and overall male health.

Are there any side effects associated with Testosil?

While many users report positive experiences, some might encounter mild side effects such as headaches or digestive issues. It's always smart to monitor how your body reacts when trying a new supplement.

Is Testosil safe to use?

Yes, Testosil is generally considered safe for most people when used as directed. Still, it's wise to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions.

What benefits can I expect from taking Testosil?

Users often notice increased energy levels, improved mood, enhanced libido, and better muscle recovery. Many find it helps them feel more confident and motivated in their fitness journey.

Where can I buy Testosil?

You can find Testosil available for purchase on various online platforms. Always check official websites or reputable retailers to ensure you're getting the genuine product.

Are there any discounts available for Testosil?

Occasionally, promotions or discount codes may be offered through the official website or trusted retailers. Keep an eye out for special offers that could save you some cash!

How does Testosil compare to Prime Male?

Both supplements aim to boost testosterone but may differ in their ingredient formulations and target audience. Personal preference and individual responses will often guide which one works best for you.

Is Testosil better than Nugenix?

It really depends on what you're looking for. Nugenix has its own set of benefits and formulation that some users prefer. Trying both might give you a clearer picture of which suits your needs better.

How long does it take to see results from Testosil?

Many users report noticing changes within a few weeks of consistent use. Everyone's body reacts differently, so patience is key while monitoring your progress!

👉 BUY TESTOSIL AND BOOST YOUR ENERGY TODAY

[spheretechpackagingindia]

We Provide A Wide Range Of Liquid Filling Machines. We Design Bottle Filling Machines That Can Package Free-Flowing Products Such As Edible Oil, Lube Oil, Wines, Juices, Viscous Products Such As Mango Juice, Sauce, Fruit Syrup, Ghee. We Offer A Complete Range Of Bottle Filling Machine For Glass & Plastic Bottles, Cans & Jar. Visit : https://www.spheretechpackaging.com/

[shivshaktimachtech]

Canola Oil Filling Machine Manufacturer from Ahmedabad

[hitechpipes0]

How is an ERW Pipe Made? The Step-by-Step Process of Electric Resistance Welding Pipe Manufacturing

Electric Resistance Welding (ERW) pipes are among the most commonly used types for piping solutions across a wide range of industries due to their durability, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. ERW pipes are commonly found in applications ranging from structural supports to transport pipelines for gas and oil, water supply systems, construction, and infrastructure projects. So, what goes into making these highly reliable pipes? Let's dive into the details of the ERW pipe manufacturing process.

What is an ERW Pipe?

ERW stands for Electric Resistance Welding, a manufacturing process that produces a high-quality pipe by welding metal sheets or strips together using electric current. The process is highly efficient and creates a durable bond, which makes ERW pipes perfect for both structural and fluid-transport applications.

Unlike other types of welding, ERW doesn’t involve any filler materials, so the finished pipes are smoother, lighter, and have a uniform wall thickness. Here's how ERW pipes are made step-by-step.

Step 1: Raw Material Selection and Preparation

The process begins with selecting the right raw material, which is typically a strip or coil of low carbon steel. The quality and type of steel used are critical as they determine the strength, durability, and flexibility of the finished product.

Once the coil or strip is selected, it is carefully inspected for any imperfections or inconsistencies. Quality is a top priority at this stage, as any defects in the material can lead to issues during the welding process or impact the final pipe's structural integrity.

Step 2: Slitting and Uncoiling

The steel coil is then uncoiled and fed into a slitting machine, where it is cut into narrow strips based on the diameter of the pipe to be produced. This slitting process allows the material to be prepared in the exact width needed for the pipe dimensions, ensuring minimal wastage.

Once slitted, the strips are rewound into smaller coils. These coils are now ready for the forming process.

Step 3: Forming the Pipe

In this stage, the prepared steel strip is uncoiled and passed through a series of forming rollers. These rollers gradually shape the flat strip into a round, open-seam tube. The forming rollers apply precise pressure to bend the strip without cracking or damaging the material, ultimately creating a tube with a gap where the two edges of the strip meet.

Step 4: Electric Resistance Welding

The core of the ERW pipe manufacturing process lies in this step. The open seam tube is passed through a series of high-frequency electric resistance welding units. Here, an electric current is applied to the edges of the tube, causing them to heat up and reach the point of fusion.

As the edges are heated, they are pressed together using rollers, which forms a solid-state weld without adding any filler material. The pressure exerted by the rollers removes any molten material, creating a smooth and seamless weld. This electric resistance welding method produces a strong bond along the seam, making ERW pipes highly reliable.

Step 5: Sizing and Shaping

After welding, the pipe is sent through another series of rollers, known as the sizing section, which adjusts the diameter and roundness of the pipe. This step ensures that the pipe achieves its final dimensions and maintains uniformity in thickness and shape.

The sizing process is crucial for applications where consistency in diameter and wall thickness is required, such as in fluid transport systems where precise pressure ratings must be met.

Step 6: Cutting

Once the pipe has been sized and shaped, it moves along the production line to the cutting section. Here, automated cutting machines cut the continuous length of pipe into shorter, specific lengths based on customer or industry requirements.

Some ERW pipes are cut to standard lengths, while others may be customized depending on the intended application.

Step 7: Inspection and Quality Control

Quality assurance is critical in ERW pipe manufacturing, as the pipes are often used in applications where safety is paramount. After cutting, each pipe undergoes rigorous testing and inspection, including:

Ultrasonic Testing to check for any hidden defects.

X-ray Testing to ensure the weld is of high quality.

Hydrostatic Testing to verify the pipe's strength and ability to withstand pressure.

Visual Inspection for any surface defects, dents, or irregularities.

If any pipe fails to meet quality standards, it is either reworked or discarded to ensure only top-quality pipes reach the market.

Step 8: Finishing and Marking

After passing the quality control tests, the ERW pipes undergo finishing treatments, which may include deburring (smoothing sharp edges), coating (for corrosion resistance), or galvanizing if needed.

Finally, the pipes are marked with essential information, such as size, grade, manufacturer details, and any other relevant certifications or standards, ensuring traceability and compliance with industry regulations.

Final Thoughts

The ERW pipe manufacturing process is an efficient and reliable way to produce pipes that can withstand high pressures, resist corrosion, and maintain structural integrity over time. From raw material selection to final inspection, each stage of production ensures that the finished product meets high standards for quality and durability.

Whether used in construction, energy, water supply, or industrial applications, ERW pipes continue to be a popular choice for their strength, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. Understanding the process behind their manufacturing provides insight into why ERW pipes are trusted in such critical applications worldwide.

Click here for more information

[ghostlycorvid]

A couple more before (but after I’d started doing some cleaning with isopropyl alcohol) and after photos!

Some of that corrosion and plating chipping is not going anywhere but it all moved really well even before I cleaned things up and refreshed the oil so I’m happy to have stuff just a little cleaned up and shinier. The wear gives it character!

Since I wasn’t sure how much was rust vs corrosion, I gave the bars on the bottom a light sanding with 1500 grit sandpaper which already made a visual difference. Then went in with the alcohol to clean up the sewing machine oil buildups, and then polished the length with automotive polish while taking care to avoid getting it too close to any of the moving parts.

Out of all those screws in the bobbin area, literally the only one that would budge was the release lever for the bobbin case 8′) I don’t know how to free the seized screws all over this machine but I had to stop trying to get them so I didn’t strip them out. One of them was already pretty gouged before I got to it, so I assume the owners before my coworker were already struggling with them 10+ years ago.

I think I’ve got the machine all cleaned up to my liking! Most of the cleaning was purely aesthetic anyway. My plan for tomorrow is to bring in a new machine needle, some thread, and some scrap fabric to give her a hand turned test run to make sure everything’s working and timed correctly. Fingers crossed! 

I started cleaning the dust off the cabinet and base today before realizing it was INCREDIBLY SILLY to do that indoors. So my other plan for tomorrow is to take it outside the office, give it a good dusting and then clean it with oil soap.

If I’ve got time after that, I’d like to apply wood filler to the drawer bottoms and the inside corners where things are gapping or outright broken. Thankfully the outside doesn’t look TOO bad, the veneer peeled a bit on one edge, but it’s laying pretty flat. All but one of the drawer handles broke off over time (thin wood filigree, unsurprising) and half of the replacement cup handles have also broken off, so I’m looking into ordering some pretty handles that are more my style. :3c

The one piece of wood damage that I really need to look into covering up and stabilizing is the front panel on the cabinet. The bottom third broke off over time and there’s another crack in the remainder, so it has a jagged edge and is missing the thin wood filigree that used to be there. I’d like to do something decorative that also helps protect the user from those sharp edges.

[industrynewsupdates]

Industrial Vending Machine Market Opportunities, Segmentation and Forecast Report 2024 - 2030

The global industrial vending machine market size was valued at USD 3.01 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 9.8% from 2023 to 2030. 

The increasing demand is attributed to the growing trend toward lean manufacturing practices. As businesses strive to eliminate waste and improve efficiency, industrial vending machines are essential for managing and dispensing materials as needed. By supporting just-in-time (JIT) inventory practices, these machines help companies maintain minimal stock levels while ensuring that critical items are always available. This approach reduces storage costs and minimizes the capital tied up in inventory.

Another important driver is the rising adoption of customized and flexible manufacturing processes in sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics, where production lines often need to adapt to different product specifications; industrial vending machines offer a flexible solution for managing a wide range of tools and components. These machines can be easily reconfigured to accommodate different items, enabling manufacturers to quickly adapt to changing production needs without disrupting operations. This flexibility is increasingly valuable as companies look to stay competitive in a market where customization and rapid product development are key differentiators. Industrial vending machines are provisioned to record inventory usage by tracking the type, time, and user identification, bringing transparency and accountability. Additionally, these machines improve the company's output by reducing the walk-around time and facilitating employee typicity. They also avoid hoarding various items.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Industrial Vending Machine Market

Industrial Vending Machine Market Report Highlights

• The coil vending machine segment accounted for over 37.8% of the global revenue share in 2023, owing to its higher penetration across various end-use industries such as construction, manufacturing, and oil & gas

• The PPE segment accounted for the largest share in 2023 due to the increased use of protective items, including hard hats, safety goggles, and safety gloves, across various industries

• The manufacturing segment held the largest market revenue share in 2023. This is credited to the strong growth in the manufacturing sector worldwide, especially in emerging economies

• North America accounted for the largest regional share in 2023, owing to the strong presence of key players and distributors in the region, and high awareness about these machines across various industries

• Key players are opting for various strategies, including product development, expansion to new geographic locations, and joint ventures, to increase sales and improve market share

Browse through Grand View Research's Advanced Interior Materials Industry Research Reports.

• The global polymer filler market size was valued at USD 57.33 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.0% from 2024 to 2030. 

• The global vacuum insulation panel market size was valued at USD 8.25 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2024 to 2030.

Industrial Vending Machine Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global industrial vending machine market based on type, product, end-use, and region:

Industrial Vending Machine Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

• Carousel Vending Machine

• Coil Vending Machine

• Cabinet Vending Machine

• Others

Industrial Vending Machine Product Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

• MRO Tools

• PPE

• Others

Industrial Vending Machine End-use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

• Manufacturing

• Oil & Gas

• Construction

• Aerospace

• Others

Industrial Vending Machine Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

• North America

o U.S.

o Canada

• Europe

o UK

o Germany

o France

o Italy

o Spain

• Asia Pacific

o China

o India

o Japan

o Australia

o South Korea

• Latin America

o Brazil

o Mexico

o Argentina

• Middle East & Africa (MEA)

o UAE

o Saudi Arabia

o South Africa

Order a free sample PDF of the Industrial Vending Machine Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.