#network effects vs switching costs

[mostlysignssomeportents]

But HP is still in business. Apple is still in business. Google is still in business. Microsoft is still in business. IBM is still in business. Facebook is still in business.

We don’t have those controlled burns anymore. Yesterday’s giants tower over all, forming a thick canopy. The internet is “five giant websites, each filled with screenshots of the other four.”

These tech companies have produced a lot of fire-debt. Over and over, they erupt in flames—in this short decade alone, every one of our tech giants has experienced a privacy scandal that should have permanently disqualified it from continuing to enjoy our patronage (and I do mean every one of them, including the one that spends millions telling you that it’s the pro-privacy alternative to the others).

Privacy is just one way that these firms are enshittifying themselves. There are the ghastly moderation failures, the community betrayals, the frauds and the billions squandered on follies.

We hate these companies. We hate their products. They are always on fire. They can’t help it. It’s the curse of bigness.

Companies cannot unilaterally mediate the lives of hundreds of millions — or even billions — of people, speaking thousands of languages, living in hundreds of countries.

- Let the Platforms Burn: The Opposite of Good Fires is Wildfires

[amarisbella21]

How To Change Your Medicare Plan During Open Enrollment?

Changing your Medicare plan during the Open Enrollment Period is an important step in ensuring that you have the coverage that best meets your health needs and financial situation. Understanding the process can make the transition smoother and help you make informed decisions. Here’s a detailed guide on how to navigate this process effectively.

Understanding the Medicare Open Enrollment Period

The Medicare Open Enrollment Period (OEP) runs from October 15 to December 7 each year. During this time, beneficiaries can make changes to their Medicare plans, including switching from Original Medicare (Part A and Part B) to a Medicare Advantage Plan (Part C), changing from one Medicare Advantage Plan to another, or enrolling in a stand-alone Medicare Part D (prescription drug) plan. Any changes made during the OEP will take effect on January 1 of the following year.

Assessing Your Current Coverage

Before making any changes, it’s crucial to evaluate your current Medicare coverage. Consider the following:

Health Needs: Assess any changes in your health status or medical needs since your last enrollment. Do you require more comprehensive coverage, or do you need to lower your premiums?

Medications: Review the medications you take and their costs. If you're on prescription medications, ensure that the plan you choose covers them and offers favorable co-pays.

Healthcare Providers: If you have preferred doctors or specialists, confirm whether they are in-network for the plans you are considering.

Costs: Compare the premiums, deductibles, and out-of-pocket maximums of your current plan against other options.

Exploring Your Options

Original Medicare vs. Medicare Advantage: Decide whether you want to stick with Original Medicare or switch to a Medicare Advantage plan. Each option has its pros and cons. Original Medicare allows you to see any provider that accepts Medicare, while Medicare Advantage often includes additional benefits, such as vision or dental coverage, but may limit your provider options.

Medicare Advantage Plans: If you're considering a Medicare Advantage plan, research various plans available in your area. Use the Medicare Plan Finder tool on the official Medicare website to compare different plans based on costs, coverage, and ratings.

Prescription Drug Plans: If you’re looking to change your Part D plan, ensure it covers your medications. Check for coverage levels and whether there are preferred pharmacies in your area that could lower your costs.

Enrollment Process

Gather Necessary Information: Before starting the enrollment process, gather your Medicare card, a list of your current medications, and details about your healthcare providers.

Online Enrollment: You can enroll or change your plan online through the Medicare website or your state’s health insurance marketplace. Simply log in or create an account, and follow the prompts to review and select your new plan.

Phone Enrollment: If you prefer speaking to someone, you can call Medicare and speak to a representative who can help you navigate your options.

In-Person Assistance: Local State Health Insurance Assistance Programs (SHIP) offer free, personalized counseling for Medicare beneficiaries. They can help you understand your options and assist with enrollment.

Paper Enrollment: If you prefer to enroll by mail, you can download the enrollment form for your chosen plan from the Medicare website, fill it out, and mail it to the plan provider.

Confirm Your Changes

Once you’ve completed your enrollment, verify that your new plan is active. You should receive a new Medicare card and confirmation of your enrollment from the plan. Double-check that your healthcare providers and medications are covered under your new plan.

Stay Informed

After the Medicare Open Enrollment Period, keep an eye out for information regarding your plan’s benefits, changes, and premium costs for the following year. Annual changes may affect your coverage, so it’s wise to review your plan each year.

Conclusion

Changing your Medicare plan during the Open Enrollment Period is an opportunity to reassess your health coverage and ensure it aligns with your needs. By evaluating your current plan, exploring new options, and understanding the enrollment process, you can make an informed decision that benefits your health and financial situation.

[iptvfro1]

IPTV France: The Future of Television Streaming

IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is transforming the way television is consumed in France, offering a flexible, cost-effective alternative to traditional cable. Through IPTV, viewers can stream live TV channels, on-demand content, and exclusive sporting events directly over the internet.

What is IPTV?

Understanding IPTV Technology

IPTV is a digital television service that streams content through the internet rather than traditional satellite or cable systems. This technology allows viewers to enjoy a vast range of TV channels, movies, and series on multiple devices, such as smart TVs, computers, and smartphones.

How Does IPTV Work?

IPTV delivers content in data packets through internet protocols. This method enables on-demand video streaming, live TV, and even cloud DVR options, giving viewers a personalized television experience.

Benefits of IPTV in France

Broad Channel Access

IPTV services provide access to thousands of live channels, ranging from local French news and entertainment to international broadcasts. The service also includes a comprehensive library of movies and TV shows, offering an extensive selection for users to enjoy​ IPTV FRANCE.

Legal and Reliable IPTV Providers

Several legal IPTV providers, like IPTV FR, offer high-quality, legitimate content. These services allow users to stream channels and on-demand shows without the risks associated with illegal streamin IPTV FRANCE.

Setting Up IPTV in France

Selecting an IPTV Provider

When choosing an IPTV provider, it’s important to consider factors like channel variety, streaming quality, and device compatibility. Reliable services like IPTV FR offer over 10,000 channels, including premium sports, entertainment, and movie networks.

IPTV Devices

For optimal IPTV usage, customers can use Android TV boxes or Smart TVs. Devices such as the Xiaomi Mi Box S are popular choices due to their ease of use and seamless integration with IPTV Services​.

Using a VPN for IPTV

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is recommended for users who wish to access region-locked content. VPNs also provide security and privacy while streaming, ensuring a smoother and safer IPTV experience.

Future Trends in IPTV

What’s Next for IPTV?

The future of IPTV in France looks promising, with ongoing advancements like 4K streaming, enhanced user interfaces, and interactive TV features. As more viewers shift from traditional cable to IPTV, these developments will likely reshape the viewing experience.

IPTV vs Traditional Cable

Compared to traditional cable, IPTV is more flexible, affordable, and accessible on multiple devices. With the ability to stream live content and enjoy on-demand services, more users are making the switch to IPTV FRANCE.

Conclusion

IPTV is revolutionizing how television content is consumed in France. With extensive channel options, on-demand flexibility, and affordable subscription models, IPTV services like IPTV FR are the future of television viewing. Whether you’re watching live sports, news, or movies, IPTV offers an unparalleled experience.

[rawgreenenergygroup]

Is EV Charging Cheaper than Petrol? | Raw Green Energy Group

The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) has brought up many questions for UK drivers, one of the most common being, "Is EV charging cheaper than petrol?" As the UK advances towards a greener future, many are considering electric vehicles for their cost-effectiveness and sustainability. At Raw Green Energy Group, we are here to shed light on the cost differences between EV charging and traditional petrol fueling, and how electric vehicle charging stations are transforming transportation.

Understanding the Cost of EV Charging vs. Petrol

To compare the costs, it's essential to break down both EV charging and petrol refueling:

Electric Vehicle Charging Costs: Charging an electric vehicle can vary based on where and how you charge. Charging at home, using a standard electric vehicle charging point, usually costs around 15p to 30p per kWh (depending on your energy provider). Public EV charging stations, such as rapid chargers found at motorway service areas, might cost more but still offer a lower price compared to petrol refueling.For example, fully charging an EV with a 60 kWh battery (typical for many electric cars) can cost approximately £9 to £18 if done at home. This provides a range of around 200 to 250 miles, depending on the vehicle.

Petrol Costs: The average petrol price in the UK fluctuates but is often around £1.50 per litre. For a petrol car with an average fuel efficiency of 40 miles per gallon, you would need roughly £75 to fill a 50-litre tank. This would typically cover about 450 miles, making the cost per mile higher than that of electric vehicles.

Cost Comparison: Charging an EV vs. Refueling with Petrol

When broken down into cost per mile, EVs generally come out cheaper. For instance, if charging at home costs 4 to 8p per mile, driving an electric vehicle is far more economical than a petrol car, which averages around 15p to 20p per mile. Therefore, using electric vehicle charging stations is not only beneficial for the environment but also for your wallet.

Public EV Charging Stations: Convenience and Cost

Public EV stations in the UK, such as those found in car parks, shopping centers, and motorway services, offer various charging speeds. Rapid chargers can top up an electric car in under an hour, making them a convenient option for those on the go. While public charging may be slightly more expensive than home charging (typically 30p to 50p per kWh), it still costs less per mile compared to petrol.

At Raw Green Energy Group, we understand the importance of easy access to EV recharge stations. Our EV car charging station solutions are designed to provide efficient, reliable, and affordable charging options for homes, businesses, and public spaces.

Electric Vehicle Charging Points in the UK: The Future of Mobility

With the UK government pushing for a greener future, the number of electric vehicle charging points is rapidly increasing. More EV charging stations are being installed nationwide, ensuring that drivers have convenient and affordable access to electricity. As a result, choosing an electric vehicle becomes an increasingly practical option.

Why Install an EV Charging Station?

If you own an electric vehicle or are considering purchasing one, installing an EV car charging station at your home or business can be a smart move. Not only does it provide convenience, but it also allows you to take advantage of lower energy costs. Charging your EV overnight, when electricity rates are lower, can lead to even greater savings.

At Raw Green Energy Group, we specialize in setting up electric vehicle charging points across the UK, helping both residential and commercial clients benefit from sustainable energy solutions.

Is It Time to Switch to Electric?

In the long run, the answer is clear: EV charging is generally cheaper than petrol. With the growing network of EV recharge stations and the cost-saving benefits of charging at home or work, electric vehicles present a more economical and environmentally friendly option for UK drivers.

If you're considering making the switch to electric or installing an EV station at your property, Raw Green Energy Group can help. Our team provides tailored solutions for electric vehicle stations, ensuring you have the most efficient setup for your needs.

Contact Raw Green Energy Group Today

Ready to explore the benefits of EV charging? Contact us to learn more about our electric vehicle charging solutions and how they can help you save money while contributing to a greener future.

Tel: 0161 523 3936

Email: info@rgeg.co.uk

Website: https://rgeg.co.uk/

[the-tree-witch]

Affordable International Calling Plans in UK: Stay in Touch Without Breaking the Bank

Finding affordable international calling plans in UK is essential for people who regularly need to communicate with friends, family, or business associates across the globe. With a wide range of telecom companies offering different plans, it can be difficult to determine which one provides the best value for your needs. However, with a little research and careful comparison, you can find a plan that allows you to stay connected without worrying about high costs. One popular choice is using SIM-only deals that include international minutes. These international calling plans in UK are often bundled with domestic packages, allowing you to seamlessly switch between local and overseas calls. Vodafone and EE are two major providers that offer such deals, often including unlimited minutes to select countries like the US, Canada, and parts of Europe. Additionally, MVNOs like Lebara and Lycamobile offer low-cost international calling options, providing substantial savings for users who make frequent international calls. Many plans also offer pay-as-you-go (PAYG) rates, which can be cost-effective for users who do not make regular international calls but need to keep the option open.

Mobile vs. Landline International Calling Plans in UK

When selecting international calling plans in UK, users should consider whether they will primarily make calls from a mobile phone or a landline. Mobile international plans are convenient for on-the-go communication, while landline plans can offer better rates for extended conversations. Providers like BT offer international calling bundles for landlines, which can be combined with broadband packages. Meanwhile, mobile options from Vodafone, O2, and EE offer greater flexibility and access from anywhere, making them ideal for people who are frequently out of the home or office.

Best International Calling Plans in UK for Students

Students living in the UK often need affordable international calling plans in UK to stay in touch with their families back home. Mobile virtual network operators like Lycamobile and giffgaff provide budget-friendly options for international calls. These plans are popular among students for their flexibility and low cost, making them an excellent choice for international students on a tight budget. Some providers also offer short-term plans that can be renewed monthly, allowing students to stay connected without committing to long-term contracts.

International Roaming vs. International Calling Plans in UK

While international roaming allows users to make calls when abroad, international calling plans in UK are more suitable for making calls from within the UK to other countries. Roaming can often lead to hefty charges, whereas international calling plans offer set rates or unlimited minutes to specific countries. Understanding the difference between these two services can help you avoid unexpected costs. International calling plans are typically much cheaper and more reliable when calling from home or your office, while roaming is more convenient for travel.

Comparing Network Providers for International Calling Plans in UK

Choosing the best provider for international calling plans in UK depends on your specific needs. Vodafone, O2, and EE are the major network providers offering international packages, each with its unique advantages. Vodafone is known for its wide global coverage, while O2 offers customizable international bolt-ons. EE boasts strong network performance, especially for frequent travelers. Comparing their rates, coverage, and plan flexibility can help you find the best solution to suit your international calling needs.

International Calling Add-Ons in UK

Many UK mobile providers offer international add-ons that can be added to your existing plan for a small fee. These add-ons allow you to make international calls at discounted rates or offer a set number of minutes for overseas calls. EE, for example, provides add-ons that allow customers to call specific regions like North America or Europe. If you're not ready to switch to a full international calling plan in UK, an add-on can be a cost-effective solution to enhance your current mobile package.

International Calling Plans in UK for Frequent Travelers

Frequent travelers often require flexible international calling plans in UK that can accommodate changing locations and varying needs. Many UK providers offer international packages that include calls to multiple countries, which can be useful for travelers with contacts in different parts of the world. Additionally, SIM-only options allow travelers to switch between local and international minutes seamlessly. Whether you're a globetrotter or someone with a multinational network, these plans provide convenience and peace of mind when it comes to staying connected.

Data-Driven International Calling Plans in UK

In today’s digital age, data-driven international calling plans in UK are increasingly popular. These plans allow users to make voice and video calls over the internet through apps like WhatsApp, Skype, or Zoom, without using traditional minutes. Providers like EE and Vodafone offer generous data packages that support high-quality VoIP calls to international numbers. This is a great alternative for tech-savvy users who rely heavily on internet-based communication. It provides flexibility and usually offers better rates than traditional calling methods.

Conclusion

Selecting the most suitable international calling plans in UK comes down to understanding your requirements and balancing cost with convenience. Whether you need to make regular calls to a specific country or require broader international coverage, there are multiple options to choose from. Providers like Vodafone, EE, O2, and budget-friendly alternatives such as Lycamobile and Lebara offer plans designed to keep you connected without hefty bills. By exploring different plans and packages, you can stay in touch with your global network while managing your budget effectively. With the right international calling plan, long-distance communication can be both affordable and reliable.

[tvpremiumco]

Abonnement IPTV: Redefining Your TV Experience

As television viewing continues to shift from traditional methods to more modern solutions, Abonnement IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) has emerged as a top contender for those seeking a flexible, high-quality, and cost-effective entertainment experience. This subscription-based model allows viewers to access a wide range of TV channels and content through the internet, offering a refreshing alternative to conventional cable and satellite services. If you're considering making the switch, here’s a comprehensive guide to understanding Abonnement IPTV and why it might be the perfect choice for you.

What is Abonnement IPTV?

Abonnement IPTV is a subscription-based service that delivers television programming and multimedia content via the internet. Unlike traditional TV, which relies on cable or satellite signals, IPTV streams content directly to your devices through an internet connection. By subscribing to an IPTV service, you gain access to a diverse array of live channels, on-demand content, and additional features, all without the need for physical cables or dishes.

Key Benefits of Abonnement IPTV

1. Extensive Channel Selection

One of the standout features of Abonnement IPTV is its extensive channel lineup. Subscribers have access to a broad spectrum of channels, including major networks, premium channels, international broadcasters, and specialized content. This wide variety ensures that you can find programming to match your interests, whether you're a sports enthusiast, a movie buff, or a fan of international news.

2. High-Definition Streaming

Abonnement IPTV services are known for their superior streaming quality. Many providers offer high-definition (HD) and ultra-high-definition (4K) options, ensuring that you experience your favorite shows and movies with excellent picture quality and crisp audio. This advanced streaming technology reduces buffering and interruptions, providing a smooth and enjoyable viewing experience.

3. Multi-Device Compatibility

One of the major advantages of Abonnement IPTV is its compatibility with multiple devices. You can stream content on various platforms, including smart TVs, tablets, smartphones, and laptops. This flexibility allows you to watch TV from virtually anywhere—whether you’re at home, traveling, or simply moving from room to room. Many IPTV services also support multiple simultaneous streams, so everyone in your household can enjoy their preferred content at the same time.

4. Customizable Subscription Plans

Abonnement IPTV offers a level of customization that traditional TV services often lack. Subscribers can select from various subscription plans that fit their viewing preferences and budget. Instead of paying for a bundle of channels that you might not use, IPTV allows you to choose the channels and features you want, ensuring that you only pay for what you actually watch.

5. Enhanced Features

Abonnement IPTV often includes a range of advanced features designed to improve the viewing experience:

Electronic Program Guide (EPG): An easy-to-use guide that helps you navigate through channels and find what you want to watch.

Digital Video Recording (DVR): The ability to record live TV and watch it at your convenience, so you never miss your favorite shows.

Parental Controls: Tools to manage and restrict access to content, ensuring a safe and family-friendly viewing environment.

Video-On-Demand (VOD): Access to a vast library of movies and TV shows available for streaming whenever you choose.

Abonnement IPTV vs. Traditional TV

1. Cost Efficiency

Abonnement IPTV is often more cost-effective than traditional cable or satellite TV services. With flexible subscription plans and the ability to choose only the channels you want, you can often save money while enjoying a comprehensive range of content. Traditional TV services can involve high monthly fees and additional costs, making IPTV a more affordable option.

2. Global Content Access

Traditional TV services are frequently limited by geographic constraints, which can restrict access to international channels and programming. Abonnement IPTV breaks these barriers by offering global content access, allowing you to enjoy programming from different countries and regions. This is particularly valuable for viewers who appreciate diverse content and want to stay connected with global events.

3. No Long-Term Commitments

Many Abonnement IPTV providers offer month-to-month subscription options, giving you the flexibility to adjust or cancel your service without being tied to a long-term contract. This freedom contrasts with traditional TV providers, which often require lengthy commitments, offering you greater control over your entertainment choices.

How to Get Started with Abonnement IPTV

If you’re ready to explore Abonnement IPTV, follow these steps to get started:

Research Providers: Investigate reputable IPTV providers that offer the channels and features you’re interested in. Look at customer reviews, compare pricing, and ensure the provider offers reliable customer support.

Check Device Compatibility: Verify that your devices are compatible with the IPTV service. Most providers support a range of devices, but it’s always best to confirm.

Select a Subscription Plan: Choose a plan that suits your viewing preferences and budget. Abonnement IPTV providers typically offer various packages, so you can find one that meets your needs.

Install and Configure: Follow the provider’s setup instructions to install the IPTV app or software on your device. Once set up, you can start exploring the available content and features.

Abonnement IPTV is revolutionizing the television viewing experience with its extensive channel selection, high-definition streaming, and customizable subscription plans. Its flexibility, cost-efficiency, and advanced features make it a compelling alternative to traditional TV services. If you’re looking for a modern and versatile way to enjoy your favorite content, Abonnement IPTV offers a forward-thinking solution. Explore the options available, choose a provider that fits your needs, and embrace a new era of television with Abonnement IPTV.

[govindhtech]

INT8 & INT4 Weight Only Quantization WOQ On Intel Extension

Weight Only Quantization(WOQ)

A practical guide to Large Language Models (LLMs) quantization. The capabilities, uses, and complexity of large language models (LLMs) have all significantly risen in recent years. With an ever-increasing amount of parameters, weights, and activations, LLMs have become larger and more intelligent.

However, They usually have to compress LLMs without significantly sacrificing their performance in order to increase the number of possible deployment targets and lower the cost of inference. Large neural networks, including language models, may be made smaller using a variety of methods. Quantization is one such crucial method.

WOQ meaning

In machine learning, especially in deep learning, Weight Only Quantization (WOQ) is a technique that minimizes the size of neural network models without compromising their functionality. It entails quantizing just the neural network’s weights the parameters that define the behavior of the model into a format with less precision (e.g., 8-bit instead of 32-bit).

This article provides an example of code that uses the Intel Extension for Transformers tool to conduct Weight Only Quantization (WOQ) on an LLM (Intel/neural-chat-7b model) for both INT8 and INT4.

How does quantization work?

INT8 Vs INT4

The process of switching to lower precision data types, such as float16, INT8 or INT4, from high-precision representation, such as float32, for weights and/or activations is known as quantization. Lower precision may greatly minimize the amount of memory needed.

While this may seem simple in principle, there are a lot of subtleties to consider, and computing data type is the most crucial warning to know. Certain operations need us to scale the representation back to high precision at runtime since not all operations support or have low-precision implementation. Although there is some additional cost, they may lessen its effects by using tools like Intel Neural Compressor, OpenVINO toolkit, and Neural Speed.

Because these runtimes include optimized implementations of several operators for low-precision data types, upscale values to high-precision is not necessary, resulting in improved speed and reduced memory use. If lower-precision data types are supported by your hardware, the performance improvements are substantial. For instance, support for float16 and bfloat16 is included into Intel Xeon Scalable processors of the 4th generation.

Therefore, quantization only serves to lower the model’s memory footprint; nevertheless, it may also introduce some cost during inference. Using optimized runtimes and the newest hardware is required to obtain both memory and performance improvements.

What Does WOQ Mean?

There are several methods for quantizing models. Model weights and activations the output values produced by every neuron in a layer are often quantized. One of these quantization methods, called Weight Only Quantization(WOQ), preserves the original accuracy of the activations while only quantizing the model weights. Faster inference and a reduced memory footprint are the clear advantages. In actual use, WOQ improves performance without appreciably affecting accuracy.

Code Execution

The Intel/neural-chat-7b-v3-3 language model’s quantization procedure is shown in the provided code sample. The model, which is an improved version of Mistral-7B, is quantized using Weight Only Quantization (WOQ) methods made available by the Intel Extension for Transformers.

With only one line of code, developers can easily use the power of Intel technology for their Generative AI workloads. You import AutoModelForCausualLM from Intel Extension for Transformers rather of the Hugging Face transformers library, and everything else stays the same.

1. From intel_extension_for_transformers.transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM

For INT8 quantization, just set load_in_8bit to True.

1. # INT8 quantization 2. Q8_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( 3. model_name, load_in_8bit=True)

Similarly, for INT4 quantization set load_in_4bit to True.1. # INT4 quantization 2. q4_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( 3. model_name, load_in_4bit=True)

The Hugging Face transformers library may be used in the same way for implementation.

If you set device to GPU, the aforementioned code snippets will utilize BitandBytes for quantization. This makes your code run much faster without requiring any code changes, regardless of whether you are utilizing a CPU or GPU.

GGUF model in operation

A binary file format called GGUF was created expressly to store deep learning models like LLMs especially for CPU inference. It has several important benefits, such as quantization, efficiency, and single-file deployment. They will be utilizing the model in GGUF format in order to maximize the performance of their Intel hardware.

Generally, one would need to utilize an extra library like Llama_cpp in order to execute models in GGUF format. Still, you may use it Intel Extension for Transformers library to run GGUF models since Neural Speed is built on top of Llama_cpp.1. model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained( 2. model_name=“TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-Chat-GGUF”, 3. model_file=“llama-2-7b-chat.Q4_0.gguf” 4. )

Take a look at the code example. The code example demonstrates how to use Intel’s AI Tools, Intel Extension for Transformers, to quantize an LLM model and how to optimize your Intel hardware for Generative AI applications.

INT4 vs INT8

Quantizing LLMs for Inference in INT4/8

Better quantization approaches are becoming more and more necessary as models become bigger. However, what is quantization exactly? Model parameters are represented with less accuracy by quantization. For example, using float16 to represent model weights instead of the widely used float32 may reduce storage needs by half.

Additionally, it improves performance at lesser precision by lowering computational burden. Nevertheless, a drawback of quantization is a little reduction in model accuracy. This happens when accuracy decreases and parameters have less representation power. In essence, quantization allows us to sacrifice accuracy for better inference performance (in terms of processing and storage).

Although there are many other approaches to quantization, this sample only considers Weight Only Quantization (WOQ) strategies. Model weights and activations the output values produced by every neuron in a layer are often quantized. But only the model weights are quantized by WOQ; activations remain unaltered. In actual use, WOQ improves performance without appreciably affecting accuracy.

The transformers library from HuggingFace makes quantization easier by offering clear choices. To enable quantization, users just need to specify the load_in_4bit or load_in_8bit option to True. But there’s a catch: only CUDA GPUs can use this capability. Unfortunately, only CUDA GPU devices can use the BitsandBytes configuration that is automatically built when these arguments are enabled. For consumers using CPUs or non-CUDA devices, this presents a problem.

The Intel team created Intel Extension for Transformers (ITREX), which improves quantization support and provides further optimizations for Intel CPU/GPU architectures, in order to overcome this constraint. Users may import AutoModelForCasualLM from the ITREX library rather of the transformers library in order to use ITREX. This allows users, irrespective of their hardware setup, to effortlessly use quantization and other improvements.

The from_pretrained function has been expanded to include the quantization_config, which now takes in different settings for CUDA GPUs and CPUs to perform quantization, including RtnConfig, AwqConfig, TeqConfig, GPTQConfig, and AutoroundConfig. How things behave when you set the load_in_4bit or load_in_8bit option to True is dependent on how your device is configured.

BitsAndBytesConfig will be used if the CUDA option is selected for your device. RtnConfig, which is specifically tailored for Intel CPUs and GPUs, will be used, nonetheless, if your device is set to CPU. In essence, this offers a uniform interface for using Intel GPUs, CPUs, and CUDA devices, guaranteeing smooth quantization across various hardware setups.

Read more on govindhtech.com

[healthcare999999999999]

Oxygen Generators for Hospitals

Introduction to Oxygen Generators in Hospitals

What is an Oxygen Generator? Oxygen generators are devices that produce oxygen for medical use. Unlike traditional methods, which rely on external oxygen tanks or cylinders, these generators create oxygen on-site. They work by extracting oxygen from the air and delivering it in a concentrated form. This ensures a steady and reliable supply of oxygen, crucial for patient care.

Importance of Oxygen Generators in Medical Settings Oxygen generators are vital in hospitals for ensuring a continuous and reliable supply of oxygen. They eliminate the need for frequent deliveries of oxygen tanks, reducing logistical challenges and operational costs. This continuous supply is particularly important in critical care units where patients rely on consistent oxygen levels.

Types of Oxygen Generators for Hospitals

Portable vs. Stationary Generators

Portable Oxygen Generators Portable generators are used in emergency situations or remote areas where mobility is crucial. They offer flexibility but might have lower capacities compared to stationary models. Their main advantage is their ease of transport and rapid deployment when needed.

Stationary Oxygen Generators Stationary generators are installed in hospitals and provide a continuous supply of oxygen. They are ideal for large facilities with high oxygen demand. Medequip provides various stationary generators designed to cater to extensive hospital networks 

Key Features and Specifications

Oxygen Purity Levels Medical oxygen must meet specific purity standards, typically around 93% oxygen content. Different generators ensure these levels through various technologies and quality control measures, essential for effective patient treatment.

Capacity and Flow Rates Generators vary in capacity and flow rates to accommodate different hospital sizes and needs. It’s crucial to select a generator that matches the hospital’s specific requirements to ensure sufficient oxygen supply.

Maintenance and Reliability Regular maintenance is necessary to keep oxygen generators functioning efficiently. Reliable models come with robust support and service options to minimize downtime and ensure continuous operation.

Benefits of Using Oxygen Generators in Hospitals

Cost Efficiency Oxygen generators reduce long-term costs associated with purchasing and transporting oxygen cylinders. By investing in a generator, hospitals can save on recurring costs and streamline their oxygen supply management. For instance, case studies have shown significant savings in facilities that switched to in-house oxygen generation systems.

Enhanced Patient Care Continuous oxygen supply from generators improves patient outcomes by providing a steady and reliable source of oxygen. This is especially critical in intensive care units where fluctuations in oxygen levels can impact patient health.

Environmental and Operational Benefits Using oxygen generators reduces the environmental impact associated with the production and disposal of oxygen cylinders. They also offer operational advantages, such as saving space and reducing logistical complexities related to cylinder storage and handling.

Challenges and Considerations

Initial Investment and Setup The initial cost of purchasing and installing an oxygen generator can be high. Hospitals must consider financing options and the long-term benefits to justify the investment. Typical costs include the purchase price, installation, and setup.

Technical and Training Requirements Staff must be trained to operate and maintain the oxygen generators effectively. Technical support is essential to address any issues that may arise and ensure the equipment’s optimal performance.

Compliance and Standards Oxygen generators must comply with medical and safety standards. Hospitals need to ensure that their equipment meets regulatory requirements and obtain necessary certifications to ensure safe and effective operation.

Conclusion

Summary of Key Points Oxygen generators are essential for hospitals, offering a reliable and cost-effective alternative to traditional oxygen supply methods. Understanding the types, features, benefits, and considerations of these generators helps hospitals make informed decisions.

Future Trends and Innovations Emerging technologies in oxygen generation promise to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve patient care. Innovations may include advanced filtration methods and more energy-efficient models, shaping the future of medical oxygen supply.

[coggno8]

Unlock Your Potential with Professional Development Courses

In today's fast-paced and competitive world, staying ahead of the curve is essential. Whether you're looking to advance in your current role, switch careers, or simply enhance your skill set, professional development courses are a powerful tool to help you achieve your goals.

Why Professional Development Courses Matter

Stay Current with Industry Trends: One of the primary benefits of professional development courses is the opportunity to stay updated with the latest industry trends and best practices. In fields like technology, marketing, and healthcare, continuous learning is crucial to remain relevant and effective.

Enhance Your Skills: Professional development courses offer a structured way to gain new skills or enhance existing ones. From mastering new software to improving leadership abilities, these courses provide targeted learning experiences that can significantly impact your professional capabilities.

Boost Your Confidence: Gaining new knowledge and skills through professional development courses can boost your confidence in the workplace. You'll be better equipped to handle challenges, make informed decisions, and contribute to your team's success.

Expand Your Network: Enrolling in professional development courses also provides valuable networking opportunities. You'll connect with like-minded professionals, industry experts, and potential mentors who can offer guidance and support throughout your career.

Increase Your Earning Potential: Investing in your professional development can lead to higher salaries and better job prospects. Employers value employees who take the initiative to improve their skills, and professional development courses can make you a more attractive candidate for promotions and new opportunities.

Choosing the Right Professional Development Courses

With so many options available, selecting the right professional development courses can be overwhelming. Here are some tips to help you make the best choice:

Identify Your Goals: Start by identifying what you want to achieve. Are you looking to gain a specific skill, advance in your current role, or switch careers? Knowing your goals will help you narrow down your options.

Research Course Providers: Look for reputable institutions or platforms that offer professional development courses in your area of interest. Consider factors like course content, instructor expertise, and reviews from past participants.

Consider Flexibility: Choose courses that fit your schedule and learning style. Many professional development courses offer online or hybrid formats, allowing you to learn at your own pace and convenience.

Evaluate Cost vs. Benefit: While some professional development courses may require a financial investment, consider the potential return on investment. The skills and knowledge you gain can lead to increased earning potential and career advancement.

Making the Most of Your Professional Development Courses

Once you've chosen your professional development courses, it's essential to make the most of your learning experience:

Stay Engaged: Actively participate in discussions, complete assignments, and seek feedback from instructors. Engagement enhances your learning and helps you apply new concepts to real-world situations.

Network Actively: Take advantage of networking opportunities with fellow participants and instructors. Building relationships with professionals in your field can open doors to new opportunities and collaborations.

Apply What You Learn: Put your new skills and knowledge into practice as soon as possible. Whether it's through a project at work, volunteering, or personal initiatives, applying what you've learned reinforces your understanding and demonstrates your capabilities.

Seek Continuous Improvement: Professional development is an ongoing journey. Stay curious and continue seeking new learning opportunities to keep your skills sharp and stay ahead in your career.

Conclusion

Professional development courses are a valuable investment in your future. They provide the tools, knowledge, and connections needed to excel in your career and achieve your professional goals. By choosing the right courses and fully engaging in the learning process, you can unlock your potential and take your career to new heights. So, why wait? Start exploring professional development courses today and embark on a journey of continuous growth and success.

[mostlysignssomeportents]

Frank Wilhoit described conservativism as “exactly one proposition”:

There must be in-groups whom the law protects but does not bind, alongside out-groups whom the law binds but does not protect.This is likewise the project of corporatism. Tech platforms are urgently committed to ensuring that they can do anything they want on their platforms — and they’re even more dedicated to the proposition that you must not do anything they don’t want on their platforms.

They can lock you in. You can’t unlock yourself. Facebook attained network-effects growth by giving its users bots that logged into Myspace on their behalf, scraped the contents of their inboxes for the messages from the friends they left behind, and plunked them in their Facebook inboxes.

Facebook then sued a company that did the same thing to Facebook, who wanted to make it as easy for Facebook users to leave Facebook as it had been to get started there.

Apple reverse-engineered Microsoft’s crown jewels — the Office file-formats that kept users locked to its operating systems — so it could clone them and let users change OSes.

Try to do that today — say, to make a runtime so you can use your iOS apps and media on an Android device or a non-Apple desktop — and Apple will reduce you to radioactive rubble.

- Let the Platforms Burn: The Opposite of Good Fires is Wildfires

[benchmaster]

Multi-Network SIMs vs. Traditional SIMs: What’s the Difference?

In the evolving landscape of mobile connectivity, SIM cards have played a crucial role in enabling communication and data transfer. As technology advances, so does the functionality of these tiny cards. Traditional SIM cards, which we have been using for decades, are now being complemented and, in some cases, replaced by multi-network SIMs. But what exactly sets these two apart? Let’s dive into the key differences between multi-network SIMs and traditional SIMs and explore how they impact your mobile experience.

Understanding Traditional SIMs

Traditional SIM cards, short for Subscriber Identity Module, are used to store the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and related key information used to authenticate and identify subscribers on mobile devices. These SIM cards are linked to a single mobile network operator (MNO), meaning your device connects to the network of the carrier that issued the SIM card.

Key Characteristics of Traditional SIMs:

Single Network Connectivity: Traditional SIM cards are locked to one network. If you’re in an area with poor coverage from your carrier, you’re out of luck.

Roaming Charges: When you travel internationally, traditional SIM cards typically incur roaming charges. These fees can be steep and vary depending on your carrier and destination.

Limited Flexibility: Switching networks often means physically changing SIM cards, which can be inconvenient and impractical.

Introducing Multi-Network SIMs

Multi-network SIMs are designed to address the limitations of traditional SIM cards by providing access to multiple networks. These SIM cards can automatically switch between different networks to ensure the best possible connectivity.

Key Characteristics of Multi-Network SIMs:

Multiple Network Access: Multi-network SIMs can connect to various networks, offering seamless coverage across different regions. This ensures you stay connected even if one network has poor coverage.

Cost Efficiency: By leveraging agreements with multiple network operators, multi-network SIMs can reduce or eliminate roaming charges. This is especially beneficial for frequent travelers who want to avoid hefty international fees.

Enhanced Reliability: The ability to switch between networks enhances reliability and reduces the chances of losing connectivity. This is crucial in remote or underserved areas where single-network coverage might be spotty.

Automatic Network Switching: Multi-network SIMs can dynamically select the best available network based on signal strength and quality, ensuring optimal performance without user intervention.

Comparing Traditional SIMs and Multi-Network SIMs

Coverage and Connectivity

Traditional SIMs: Limited to the coverage area of a single network provider. If you move out of this coverage area, your connectivity will suffer.

Multi-Network SIMs: Offers broader coverage by connecting to multiple networks. This ensures continuous connectivity even when one network is weak or unavailable.

Cost Implications

Traditional SIMs: Roaming charges can add up quickly when traveling internationally, making it an expensive option for globetrotters.

Multi-Network SIMs: Typically more cost-effective for international travel, as they can connect to local networks and avoid roaming fees.

Flexibility and Convenience

Traditional SIMs: Changing networks involves swapping out the SIM card, which can be inconvenient and time-consuming.

Multi-Network SIMs: No need to swap SIM cards. The device automatically connects to the best available network, providing hassle-free mobility.

Use Cases for Multi-Network SIMs

Frequent Travelers: For those who travel often, multi-network SIMs offer seamless connectivity without the need to switch SIM cards or worry about roaming charges.

Remote Work: Professionals working in remote or rural areas benefit from the enhanced coverage and reliability of multi-network SIMs.

IoT Devices: Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smart meters or connected vehicles, require constant connectivity, which multi-network SIMs can provide more reliably than traditional SIMs.

Conclusion

The evolution from traditional SIMs to multi-network SIMs marks a significant advancement in mobile connectivity. While traditional SIMs have served us well for many years, their limitations in terms of network dependency and roaming charges make them less suitable for today’s increasingly mobile and globalized world. Multi-network SIMs offer enhanced coverage, cost efficiency, and convenience, making them an ideal choice for travelers, remote workers, and IoT applications. As technology continues to advance, we can expect multi-network SIMs to become even more integral to our daily lives, ensuring we stay connected wherever we go.

[ejointech]

Comprehensive Guide to Choosing the Best VoIP Gateway, learn now ~~

In today's interconnected world, where seamless communication is vital for businesses of all sizes, choosing the right VoIP gateway can significantly impact operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness. A VoIP gateway serves as the bridge between traditional telephony systems and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) networks, enabling organizations to leverage the power of digital communication.

Understanding the Role of a VoIP Gateway

A VoIP gateway acts as an interface between the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and an IP network, converting voice traffic into data packets and vice versa. This conversion is crucial for transmitting voice calls over the internet, allowing businesses to benefit from lower costs and enhanced scalability compared to traditional phone systems.

Key Features to Consider 1. Scalability and Capacity

One of the primary considerations when selecting a VoIP gateway is its scalability and capacity to handle concurrent calls. Businesses experiencing growth need a gateway that can expand seamlessly without compromising call quality or system reliability. Look for features such as:

Scalable Port Configurations:Ensure the gateway supports additional ports or channels to accommodate future growth.

Redundancy Options:High availability features like redundant power supplies and failover mechanisms ensure uninterrupted communication.

Compatibility and Interoperability

Compatibility with existing infrastructure and interoperability with various VoIP protocols and systems are crucial for seamless integration. Whether integrating with an on-premises PBX system or a cloud-based VoIP service, ensure the VoIP gateway supports:

Protocols:SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), H.323, MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol), and others based on your network's requirements.

Codec Support:Compatibility with standard codecs like G.711, G.729, and Opus ensures optimal voice quality across different network conditions.

Security and Reliability

Protecting sensitive communications and ensuring uptime are paramount in selecting a VoIP gateway. Look for:

Encryption Standards:Support for TLS (Transport Layer Security) and SRTP (Secure Real-time Transport Protocol) ensures secure voice transmission.

Built-in Security Features:Firewalls, access control lists, and VPN support safeguard against unauthorized access and cyber threats.

Evaluating Deployment Options 1. On-premises vs. Cloud-based Solutions

The choice between on-premises and cloud-based VoIP gateways depends on factors such as:

Control and Customization:On-premises gateways offer greater control over configurations and security policies.

Scalability and Flexibility:Cloud-based gateways are ideal for businesses needing rapid scalability and reduced infrastructure management.

Cost Considerations

Cost-effectiveness is a significant driver in choosing a VoIP gateway solution. Consider:

Initial Investment:Hardware costs, licensing fees, and implementation expenses.

Operational Costs:Maintenance, upgrades, and ongoing support.

Long-term Savings:Potential savings on international calls and infrastructure consolidation.

Selecting the Right Vendor

Choosing a reputable vendor is as critical as selecting the right VoIP gateway. Consider vendors with:

Proven Track Record:Experience in deploying VoIP solutions across various industries.

Customer Support:Responsive technical support and service level agreements (SLAs) for maintenance and troubleshooting.

Scalability:Ability to support future growth and technological advancements.

Conclusion

Selecting the best VoIP gateway involves assessing technical specifications, compatibility, security features, and deployment options aligned with your business's communication needs and growth strategy. By prioritizing scalability, interoperability, security, and vendor reliability, businesses can ensure seamless integration and optimized communication workflows.

Welcome to visit: www.ejointech.cn for more information.

[havnblog]

What Makes Telegram Great

Chat apps: Part 2

People, myself included, will endlessly discuss the features and details of their favourite apps for email, calendar, task management and note-taking. But “no one” talks about chat apps — even though many people probably use this type of app even more. I recently wrote about this here, and that I think it’s a bummer that chat apps mostly rely on one of two things: Military-grade security, and lazy lock-in.

I, of course, get why it is like this: Network effects, and switching costs, are of course much higher with chat apps than other apps. A less reported on part of the EU’s Digital Market’s Act (DMA) is actually trying to do something about this, with the demand for chat interoperability! Matrix is also working on this.

However, as someone who’s used plenty of chat apps, one really stands out, in terms of quality and features — and that’s Telegram. I also regularly use iMessage and Messenger (in addition to a bit of Signal and WhatsApp) — and those feel like such a let-down by comparison. This post is me giving concrete examples of why. 1

Telegram does have a bunch of "social media features", like channels (one-to-many communication), huge groups (up to 200k), etc. - but I've never really used these. So I'm looking at it simply as a chat app, for individuals and smallish groups.

This is not an endorsement of Telegram, nor the people behind it, though.

(By the way, click here to skip the preamble.)

I started to move to Telegram (from Meta’s Messenger) 5 years ago — primarily to battle Meta’s monopoly and hold on my digital life. The secondary reason, was that I don’t want to support the people behind Meta more than necessary. Let’s say we give “The People Behind” a score of -1 in Meta’s case.

I was considering Telegram vs. Signal, and at the time I gave “The People Behind” scores of 0 (Telegram) and 1 (Signal). However, I really wanted to get my friends and family (who care less about this stuff, and just want to use their apps in peace) on-board with the switch. So I went with Telegram, simply because the app was better and easier to use and get into.

Now, in the intervening years, I think I’ve reduced my view of “The people behind” Telegram to -1. 2 But even though they’re only on-par with Meta here, I’d still rather use Telegram than Meta’s services because I want to spread out power in tech. 3

I’m also not saying Telegram’s as secure as things like Signal.

Personally, I only need my chat app to be “pretty secure”. I don’t mind higher security, of course — but, for me, it’s not worth sacrificing a lot of usability to get it. What is important for me, is privacy: I don’t want ads, and I especially don’t want my personal information (and the information of those I’ve dragged onto the platform) to be used for it.

The two reasons I still want to give Telegram a lot of praise:

While Telegram is the chat app I use the most today, I kind of hope the answer will be Signal or Matrix in a couple of years. So the first reason, is that I hope this can serve as inspiration.

The second reason is more personal, and a bit hard to explain. Like, I have zero problems with someone thinking iMessage is fine — just like Reminders.app, Calendar.app or Podcasts.app is fine. But if someone were to say the latter three are “just as good” as Things, Fantastical and Overcast, I hope some fellow app nerds would react. I just have this need to say:

Why Telegram’s great

These aren’t qualities and features Telegram is alone in having, necessarily! But I think Telegram is alone in having them all. Furthermore, even though most apps has a slower update cycle than Telegram, they do update. So, maybe some of these have been addressed by the time you read this?

#1) Choice of encryption

I’ll just get the most controversial out-of-the-way first:

The number one criticism of Telegram, is that they don’t end-to-end encrypt (E2EE) text chats by default. Instead, they encrypt on server, so on-par with what you get on iMessage if one of the participants has regular iCloud backups turned on. You can start “Secret Chats”, which are E2EE, though — and calls are always E2EE.

To some, this is a deal-breaker — but, and I get that this is a hot take, to me, it’s a big plus. If you have a specific threat model, I’d absolutely go for something E2EE. But let me compare Telegram and Signal in a couple of instances, to show why I think E2EE comes with a cost that might not always be worth it:

On Signal, you can send images up to 8 MB and videos up to 100 MB. On Telegram, you can send files up to 2 GB (4 GB with Premium).

When you log into a new device on Signal, you don’t get your chat logs — while Telegram instantly syncs everywhere.

Things being on server on Telegram, makes it possible to have it take up way less storage on your device. (Especially nice if you’ve sent some 2 GB files!)

Server encryption is also simpler and more user-friendly, 4 and (in my experience) more stable than E2EE. 5 This makes it easier to get people on the service, and away from something that’s might be way less private and secure.

Again, if you need, or just want, E2EE, go for it. But it’s not like there are no benefits of server encryption.

In addition to respecting a lack of storage on your device, they also have features for battery saving:

#2) Great apps everywhere

iMessage is pretty good for sharing photos and videos — but it’s not cross-platform. And, at least previously (I think they just improved it a bit), Messenger just massacres photos. So sharing things with a family that don’t all use Apple stuff is harder than it should be. But with Telegram, it’s easy to send stuff uncompressed, and also the compression is much less harsh.

And not only is it available everywhere — it’s good everywhere. The apps are native (and open source), and they’re quick to support new OS APIs. It also has a pretty good web app.

For instance, they were the first third-party app to support contacts showing up in the iOS Share Sheet.

While I like it on Mac and iPad, it’s literally one of my favourite apps, of any type, on my iPhone. They also update, and add new features, often (check out their blog to get a view of how often).

#3) Pretty good business model

Signal (and some others) kind of wins here, of course. They rely solely on donations, and give everything away for free. But while I hope it works out for them (and I have donated), I think it’s fair to not think every service should have to follow this model. So what’s the alternative?

Snapchat and Meta rely on surveillance capitalism — and is something I try to avoid. The point of iMessage is to get you, and the people around you, to keep buying Apple products — and is also something I don’t love.

Tracking-based ad in Meta's Messenger.

Telegram’s business model:

The main way they earn money, is through Telegram Premium — which primarily does three things:

Increase already large caps (like max file size from 2 GB to 4 GB),

visual flair, like animated emoji and profile picture, profile backgrounds, more app icons etc.,

and extra powerful organisation features. (I’ll touch on these later.)

Telegram does run ads as well, though — but they’re only in the large channels (I’ve never seen one), and they’re not tracking-based. Premium removes these. And you also get some AI features, like real-time translation and transcription of voice messages.

Example of a premium feature I don't mind.

However, there are some things I don’t like:

One is that, while the free version of Telegram is unequivocally better than probably all other chat apps, you do get some “Premium nagging”.

The second is that they hide some privacy features behind the pay wall, like being able to see “Last Seen” and “Read” times of others without sharing yours, and hiding the fact that you’ve viewed other’s stories.

But in general, I do think a freemium model is of the better business models for a chat app: I’m a power-user, so don’t mind paying for it. And I can get my family on it for free, without me then making them get tracked.

Brilliant basic chat experience

This is the most important part of an app like this — and it permeates into every other piece of the app. And Telegram does it so well. There’s just so many both fun and useful features sprinkled around the experience.

Sending options

Long-pressing the send button gives some good examples.

While iMessage insists on there only being six tap-backs, Telegram both has tons of them and the ability to send messages with them attached (and custom animations). Not useful, but absolutely fun! But the other options I always miss while using other services. I’m often awake when others are asleep — and every so often I’ll think “Oh, I should send this text on Monday”, but I need to get it out of my ADHD head. So I find them very useful!

Formatting

You can format your messages with bold, italics, underline, strikethrough, as code, as block quotes, with spoilers (hold to reveal) and with hyperlinks. Telegram also has great, and customisable, link previews and replying/quoting. These animations show off some of what I’m talking about:

What’s important to say, is that even though Telegram does have some powerful features, they don’t go in the way and make the app hard to use! But it’s there if you want it.

Good voice and video messages

While in a Telegram chat, you can lift your phone up to your ear, and talk into it to record a voice message. You can also pause these and add to them if you like. If you receive one, you can lift it up to your ear to have it play through the earpiece. You can also get a transcript if you want to read it instead.

Video messages are cute little round clips. Both of them, and images, can also be sent to be viewed only once. However, one of the things I’d like to see improved in Telegram, is the following: It should be faster and easier (require fewer taps) to send images that won’t get saved on the sender’s device and are only viewable once. In other words, to mimic Snapchat’s basic mode.

Some notes on these videos: They are promo videos taken from the Telegram blog - and not only do they have pretty gaudy use of AI generated images, they're also unrealistically fast and smooth. However, the UX animations and features are real.

Good video and voice calls

I haven’t really used the more powerful features of this — so can’t truly comment on it. (More info here and here.) But I do like that it’s a nice way to call (with or without video) across both borders and platforms.

Powerful group chats

Subjects in group chats, is one of my favourite features of Telegram. You can hide, or just temporarily mute, the subjects you’re less interested in, have different pinned messages in the different subjects, and more. Admins can also create stories from groups.

Stories

This is a feature that obviously is everywhere. But just like with video and voice calls, I do like that it’s also on Telegram. And I’ve been pleased with the implementation for my very basic usage.

One improvement I'd like to see here, is the option to create custom lists, and then select several of them.

Details and finesse

It’s hard to show what I mean about this — but Telegram just looks and feels really nice. And I constantly discover neat little details. Some of the videos have already shown off some animations — but they’re all over the UX, without making things feel slow or complicated.

Useful? No. Neat? Yes. And when they're all over the app, things just feels great.

They will also often do that little bit extra to make a feature more useful: OK, so you can share your location, and you can choose to just send where you are now, somewhere else static, or your live location for a set amount of time. But the “extra bit” is that you can also get notified when the other person gets close to you — and pick how close they should get before you’re notified!

Three more examples, all related to profile pictures

As you can see here, you can set profile pictures on your contacts, and either suggest it as a new one for them, or just set it for yourself.

For yourself, you can also set one profile picture that your contacts see, and another for people not in your contact list.

Lastly, if a person in a group chat has written something long (or several messages in a row), their picture will scroll so you always see who has written something:

OK, I just had to show one more. 👆🏻 Sure, why not make you able to decide if the caption is above or below the image!?

Now, I’m not saying other apps don’t have nice features. But Telegram just has the most of them, and frequently gets new ones. So going from it to other apps, feels like going back in time.

Pretty fine-grained privacy features

I like that you don’t have to share your phone number with other users. People can start talking to you by clicking a link, or by scanning a QR code.

I also like that you can tailor what you share with whom. In addition to being able to set a separate profile picture for people not in your contact list, you can also finesse things like birthday, description, “last seen”, what happens if someone forwards a message from you, etc.

Great organisation — chats, contacts, and messages

You can sort your different chats into folders. A chat can be in multiple folders, and you can set different pinned chats in each. I just use them for things like “Family”, “Favourites”, “Group chats”, etc. — but these folders can also be shared, if you have groups and channels you want to recommend to others.

I also really like how easy it is to find stuff in your chats — both via a very robust search feature, and sorting when you go into a contact. One thing that’s not viewable in the image above, is that you can also see the groups you’re in together.

You also get this experience while scrolling through shared media.

You can also pin messages within chats — and Telegram also has a pretty bonkers system for your own Saved Messages. Within Telegram, you can save whatever by forwarding it to your “Saved chats”.

You can also use the Share Sheet, or just type whatever like you would in a normal chat.

You can then simply view all saved messages, in chronological order. But if you have many of them, you’ll be glad to learn that you can also view them by type (media, link, etc.), or sorted by where you saved it from.

As you can see, I'm not the heaviest user of this feature. But I can see it being very useful if you need cross-platform sharing of links, for instance.

You can also tag saved messages!

Bots

Speaking of features I don’t use to its fullest, Telegram has support for making and speaking to bots.

I haven’t used anything like the ad above — but I have created a couple I like related to a Discourse forum I run:

I’ve set up channels where bots will post new topics from the forum.

And I have a “conversation” with a bot that gives me notifications when someone replies to things I’ve written.

Microsoft also has a Copilot bot you can talk to, and I know there’s plenty of stuff out there!

Fun stuff and customisation

Let me just say that I get that these are things some might hate — and you’ll be glad to know that it can be turned off. But I like that Telegram has several customisation and theming options, and animations and effects — and this is my last section.

Everything backgrounds, colours, emoji, stickers, GIFs, and more, have robust support.

Remember why I wrote this post

As mentioned, I get why some might not want to use Telegram — either because it’s not secure enough, or because you would rather not support the people behind it. But I hope this way too long post has shown why I think the app is so good. And I’d love it if other services steals as much as possible from this list!

My impression is that WhatsApp is pretty close. But as that’s also owned by Meta, I haven’t been interested in investing in it. ↩︎

Won’t go into it here, as it’s not the point of the article. ↩︎

In addition to it being way better, of course. ↩︎

No codes to save! And no chance of losing all your logs, etc. ↩︎

Me and a couple of friends tried Matrix early 2023 - and after daily decryption errors and missed notifications, they rioted… Matrix 2.0 looks like it’ll improve this greatly, though! So I’m paying attention there. ↩︎

[quantumnetworks]

Unleashing the Power of Connectivity: The Gigabit Ethernet Switch

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape efficient and high-speed networking solutions are more critical than ever. Whether you are managing a small business, a growing enterprise or even a smart home setup the need for reliable and fast data transmission is paramount. This is where the Gigabit Ethernet switch comes into play revolutionizing how we handle data and connectivity.

A Gigabit Ethernet switch is a networking device that significantly enhances the speed and efficiency of data transfer across a local area network (LAN). Unlike older switches that operate at 10/100 Mbps speeds, a Gigabit Ethernet switch operates at 1,000 Mbps (1 Gbps). This tenfold increase in speed ensures that data packets are transmitted more quickly and efficiently, minimizing latency and maximizing productivity.

High-Speed Performance: The primary advantage of a Gigabit Ethernet switch is its ability to handle large amounts of data at high speeds. This is especially beneficial for bandwidth-intensive applications such as video conferencing, online gaming, and large file transfers.

Improved Network Efficiency: With a Gigabit Ethernet switch, multiple devices can communicate simultaneously without bottlenecking. This ensures smoother and more reliable performance, even in networks with heavy traffic.

Scalability: As your network grows, a Gigabit Ethernet switch can easily accommodate additional devices. Whether you're adding more computers, servers, or IoT devices, these switches provide the flexibility to expand your network without compromising on speed.

Cost-Effective: While the initial investment might be higher than standard switches, the long-term benefits and enhanced performance justify the cost. Moreover, many modern Gigabit Ethernet switches come with features like power over Ethernet (PoE), reducing the need for additional power supplies and cables.

Key Features to Look For

When choosing a Gigabit Ethernet switch, consider the following features to ensure you get the best performance for your needs:

Number of Ports: Determine the number of devices you plan to connect. Gigabit Ethernet switches come in various configurations, from 5-port switches suitable for small networks to 48-port switches for larger setups.

Managed vs. Unmanaged: Managed switches offer advanced features like VLANs, QoS, and remote management, making them ideal for businesses with complex networking needs. Unmanaged switches are simpler and more cost-effective, suitable for straightforward setups.

PoE (Power over Ethernet): PoE-enabled switches can power devices like IP cameras and wireless access points directly through the Ethernet cable, simplifying installation and reducing clutter.

Durability and Reliability: Look for switches from reputable brands known for their reliability and durability. Features like metal enclosures and fanless designs can enhance the longevity of your switch.

Conclusion

In conclusion, a Gigabit Ethernet switch is an indispensable tool for modern networking. It ensures high-speed data transfer, improved efficiency, and scalability, making it ideal for a variety of applications. Whether you're upgrading your home network or managing a large enterprise, investing in a Gigabit Ethernet switch will pay off in enhanced performance and reliability.

By choosing the right Gigabit Ethernet switch for your needs, you can create a robust and future-proof network that can handle the demands of today's digital world. Embrace the power of connectivity and unleash the full potential of your network with a Gigabit Ethernet switch.

If you found this blog informative and would like more insights on networking solutions, stay tuned for more updates and tips. Feel free to leave your comments and questions below!

[whichvpnhaschinaserver]

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VPN IP Address Change

Title: Exploring the Benefits of VPN IP Address Change

In the digital age, privacy and security are paramount concerns for internet users worldwide. One effective tool in safeguarding online activities is a Virtual Private Network (VPN). A VPN encrypts internet traffic and routes it through a secure server, effectively masking the user's IP address. However, what many users may not realize is that they can further enhance their online anonymity and security by regularly changing their VPN IP address.

Changing your VPN IP address offers several benefits. Firstly, it enhances anonymity by making it more difficult for third parties to track your online activities. Internet service providers, government agencies, advertisers, and hackers often monitor IP addresses to gather information about users. By changing your VPN IP address regularly, you can thwart these tracking efforts and maintain a higher level of privacy.

Moreover, regularly changing your VPN IP address can help bypass geo-restrictions. Streaming services, websites, and online platforms often limit access based on the user's geographical location. By switching to different IP addresses associated with various regions, users can access content that may be blocked or restricted in their current location.

Additionally, changing your VPN IP address can improve security by reducing the risk of targeted cyber attacks. Hackers often target specific IP addresses for phishing scams, malware distribution, and other malicious activities. By regularly changing your IP address, you can mitigate the risk of becoming a target for such attacks.

In conclusion, changing your VPN IP address regularly offers numerous benefits, including enhanced privacy, bypassing geo-restrictions, and improving security. By incorporating this practice into your online routine, you can enjoy a safer and more private internet experience.

Dynamic IP vs Static IP VPN

Dynamic IP vs Static IP VPN: Understanding the Difference

When it comes to VPNs (Virtual Private Networks), users often encounter the terms "dynamic IP" and "static IP." These terms refer to the type of IP address assigned to users when they connect to the VPN server, and each has its own advantages and drawbacks.

Let's start with dynamic IP VPNs. In this setup, users are assigned a different IP address each time they connect to the VPN server. This constant change of IP address enhances anonymity and security, as it makes it more challenging for third parties to track users' online activities. Dynamic IP VPNs are also generally more cost-effective, as they require fewer IP addresses to operate efficiently.

On the other hand, static IP VPNs provide users with a fixed IP address that remains the same every time they connect to the VPN server. This can be advantageous for certain purposes, such as remote access to company networks or accessing geo-restricted content that requires a consistent IP address. However, the downside is that static IP addresses can be easier to trace back to the user, potentially compromising anonymity.

Choosing between dynamic and static IP VPNs depends on individual needs and preferences. If privacy and security are top priorities, dynamic IP VPNs are often the preferred choice. However, if specific applications require a fixed IP address, then a static IP VPN may be more suitable.

In conclusion, both dynamic and static IP VPNs offer distinct benefits and drawbacks. Understanding these differences can help users make an informed decision based on their unique requirements for privacy, security, and functionality.

VPN Server Rotation

Title: Enhancing Security and Anonymity with VPN Server Rotation

In the realm of online security and privacy, VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology stands as a bastion against threats like surveillance, data breaches, and cyberattacks. VPNs encrypt users' internet traffic and route it through servers located in different regions, effectively masking their IP addresses and providing anonymity. However, for maximum effectiveness, VPN server rotation is becoming increasingly crucial.

VPN server rotation involves regularly changing the server through which a user's internet traffic is routed. This process enhances security and privacy by preventing adversaries from tracking a user's online activities or identifying their true location. By constantly shifting between servers, VPN users can evade detection and maintain a higher level of anonymity.

One of the primary benefits of VPN server rotation is its ability to thwart geo-blocking and censorship measures imposed by governments or online platforms. By accessing servers in different countries, users can bypass restrictions and access content that may be unavailable in their region.

Moreover, rotating VPN servers can mitigate the risks associated with server vulnerabilities or compromised nodes. Continuous rotation reduces the likelihood of adversaries targeting a specific server and enhances overall network resilience.

From a privacy standpoint, VPN server rotation minimizes the accumulation of data trails that could be exploited by third parties for tracking or profiling purposes. By frequently changing servers, users disrupt the continuity of their online footprint, making it harder for advertisers, data brokers, or malicious actors to gather comprehensive information about them.

In conclusion, VPN server rotation is a proactive measure to bolster online security and privacy. By regularly changing servers, users can circumvent restrictions, mitigate vulnerabilities, and maintain a higher degree of anonymity in an increasingly interconnected digital landscape.

IP Address Masking with VPN

Title: Unlocking Online Privacy: Understanding IP Address Masking with VPN

In the digital realm, safeguarding your online privacy is paramount. With the ever-growing presence of cyber threats and data breaches, individuals and businesses alike seek reliable methods to protect their sensitive information. One effective solution that has gained widespread popularity is the use of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for IP address masking.

At its core, IP address masking involves concealing your true IP address – a unique identifier assigned to your device when connected to the internet – and replacing it with another address. This process adds an extra layer of anonymity, making it difficult for third parties to trace your online activities back to your physical location or identity.

VPNs facilitate this masking by rerouting your internet traffic through their secure servers located in different regions across the globe. When you connect to a VPN server, your IP address is effectively substituted with one associated with the server, thereby masking your actual location and identity. This not only shields your browsing habits from prying eyes but also enables access to geo-restricted content by making it appear as though you are browsing from a different location.

Moreover, VPNs employ encryption protocols to secure your data as it traverses the internet, further enhancing your online security. By encrypting your internet traffic, VPNs prevent unauthorized access to your sensitive information, thwarting potential hackers and cybercriminals in their tracks.

However, it's essential to choose a reputable VPN provider to ensure maximum effectiveness and reliability. Opting for a trustworthy VPN service with a strict no-logs policy and robust security measures will guarantee enhanced privacy and protection against online threats.

In conclusion, IP address masking with VPNs offers a robust solution for safeguarding your online privacy and security. By obfuscating your real IP address and encrypting your internet traffic, VPNs empower you to browse the web with confidence, free from prying eyes and potential cyber threats.

VPN Connection Stability

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a crucial tool for maintaining online security and privacy. However, one key aspect that determines the efficiency and reliability of a VPN is its connection stability. VPN connection stability refers to the ability of the VPN service to maintain a consistent and reliable connection without interruption or dropouts.

There are several factors that can impact VPN connection stability. One of the main factors is the quality of the VPN server network. A VPN service with a large number of servers spread across multiple locations is more likely to provide a stable connection compared to a service with limited server options.

Another factor that can influence VPN connection stability is the level of network congestion. During peak hours or in regions with restricted internet access, the VPN connection may become unstable due to high traffic volume. Choosing a VPN service with robust infrastructure and bandwidth capacity can help alleviate this issue.

Furthermore, the VPN protocol used can also affect connection stability. While some protocols prioritize speed over stability, others such as OpenVPN or IKEv2 are known for their reliability and security.

To ensure a stable VPN connection, it is necessary to regularly update the VPN client software, as outdated versions may lead to connectivity issues. Additionally, troubleshooting common connectivity issues such as network configuration or firewall settings can help improve VPN connection stability.

In conclusion, VPN connection stability is essential for ensuring a secure and uninterrupted browsing experience. By considering factors such as server network quality, network congestion, protocol selection, software updates, and troubleshooting, users can enhance the stability of their VPN connection and enjoy safe and private internet access.

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should you pay for vpn

Free VPN vs paid VPN

When it comes to using a VPN (Virtual Private Network), one of the common dilemmas faced by users is whether to opt for a free VPN or a paid VPN service. Both options offer advantages and disadvantages, and understanding the differences between the two can help users make an informed decision.

Free VPN services are appealing to users because they do not require any financial commitment. Users can access basic VPN functionalities without paying a subscription fee. However, free VPNs often come with limitations such as data caps, slower connection speeds, and fewer server options. Additionally, free VPNs may lack essential security features, leaving users vulnerable to data breaches and privacy risks.

On the other hand, paid VPN services offer users a higher level of security, privacy, and performance. Paid VPNs typically come with advanced security features such as encryption protocols, no-logs policy, and kill switch functionality. Paid VPN services also offer access to a larger server network, faster connection speeds, and dedicated customer support. By paying for a VPN subscription, users can enjoy a more reliable and seamless online browsing experience while keeping their data secure and anonymous.

In conclusion, the choice between a free VPN and a paid VPN ultimately depends on your specific needs and priorities. If you require basic VPN functionalities for casual browsing, a free VPN may suffice. However, if you value security, privacy, and performance, investing in a paid VPN service is recommended for a more robust and comprehensive VPN experience.

Benefits of paid VPN services

Using a paid Virtual Private Network (VPN) service comes with several advantages that can enhance your online experience. Here are the benefits of opting for a paid VPN service:

Enhanced Security: Paid VPN services offer higher levels of encryption to secure your online activities. This means that your personal data, such as passwords, sensitive information, and browsing history, are protected from potential hackers and cyber threats.

Privacy Protection: Paid VPNs do not log your internet usage data, ensuring that your online activities remain private and anonymous. This protection is crucial, especially if you frequently use public Wi-Fi networks or want to bypass government censorship.

Access to Geo-Restricted Content: By using a paid VPN service, you can bypass geo-restrictions and access region-locked content on streaming platforms like Netflix, Hulu, and BBC iPlayer. This allows you to enjoy a wider range of movies, TV shows, and websites from anywhere in the world.

Faster Internet Speeds: Some paid VPN services offer faster connection speeds compared to free VPNs. This can lead to smoother online streaming, quicker downloads, and reduced latency while gaming or video conferencing.

Customer Support: Paid VPN providers typically offer reliable customer support to assist you with any technical issues or inquiries. Having access to a dedicated support team can help resolve any VPN-related problems promptly.

In conclusion, investing in a paid VPN service can significantly enhance your online security, privacy, and browsing experience. The added benefits of faster speeds and customer support make it a worthwhile choice for individuals looking to safeguard their internet activities effectively.

Risks of using free VPNs

Using a free VPN might seem like a convenient and cost-effective solution for safeguarding your online privacy and accessing geo-restricted content. However, behind the allure of "free" lie significant risks that users should be aware of.

One of the foremost concerns with free VPNs is compromised security. Unlike reputable paid VPN services, free VPN providers may lack the resources to invest in robust security measures. This can leave your data vulnerable to breaches, hacking attempts, and even data selling to third parties. In some cases, free VPNs have been found to log user activity and sell this data to advertisers or other interested parties, undermining the very purpose of using a VPN for privacy protection.

Furthermore, free VPNs often have limited server networks and bandwidth caps. This can result in slower connection speeds and frequent disconnections, making them impractical for activities such as streaming or online gaming. Additionally, some free VPNs inject ads into users' browsing sessions or even employ bandwidth throttling techniques to manage network congestion, further compromising the user experience.

Another risk associated with free VPNs is the potential for malware and other malicious software. Since these services are often unregulated and may lack proper vetting procedures, they can inadvertently become breeding grounds for cyber threats. Users may unknowingly expose their devices to malware or become victims of phishing attacks while using free VPNs.

In conclusion, while free VPNs may seem appealing on the surface, they come with significant risks that users should carefully consider. Investing in a reputable paid VPN service not only provides better security and privacy protection but also ensures a smoother and more reliable online experience.

Factors to consider before paying for a VPN

When it comes to choosing a VPN service, there are several factors to consider before making a payment. VPNs, or Virtual Private Networks, offer users online privacy, security, and the ability to access geo-restricted content. Here are some key factors to consider before paying for a VPN:

Security Features: Look for VPNs that offer strong encryption protocols such as AES 256-bit encryption and secure tunneling protocols like OpenVPN or IKEv2. Also, check if the VPN has a no-logs policy to ensure that your online activities remain private.

Server Network: A wide range of servers located in various countries allows for better connectivity and access to geo-restricted content. Make sure the VPN provider offers servers in locations you need for your online activities.

Speed and Performance: Some VPNs can slow down your internet connection due to encryption and server load. Look for VPNs with high-speed servers and minimal impact on your internet speed.

Compatibility: Ensure that the VPN is compatible with your devices and operating systems. Whether you use Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, or Linux, make sure the VPN provider offers apps or setup guides for your platform.

Customer Support: A reliable customer support team is crucial in case you encounter any issues with the VPN service. Check if the provider offers 24/7 customer support via live chat, email, or phone.

Price and Payment Options: Consider the price of the VPN service and the payment options available. Look for discounts on long-term subscriptions and ensure that the payment methods offered are secure and anonymous if needed.

By considering these factors before paying for a VPN, you can ensure that you choose a reliable service that meets your online privacy and security needs.

Importance of investing in a reliable VPN

Investing in a reliable VPN, or Virtual Private Network, has become increasingly significant in today's digital landscape. With the rise of cyber threats and concerns over privacy, using a VPN provides an added layer of protection for internet users.

One of the key reasons to invest in a reliable VPN is to enhance online security. VPNs encrypt your internet connection, making it harder for hackers and cybercriminals to intercept your data. This is crucial when using unsecured public Wi-Fi networks, as VPNs help safeguard your personal information and sensitive data from potential breaches.

Moreover, a quality VPN can also help you bypass censorship and geo-blocks, allowing you to access restricted content and websites. Whether you are traveling abroad or simply want to stream your favorite shows without restrictions, a VPN can grant you access to a global network of servers, providing anonymity and freedom online.

Furthermore, investing in a reliable VPN can protect your privacy by masking your IP address and online activities from ISPs, advertisers, and other prying eyes. This helps prevent targeted ads, data tracking, and invasive monitoring, allowing you to browse the internet with peace of mind.

In conclusion, the importance of investing in a reliable VPN cannot be overstated. From safeguarding your online security to preserving your privacy and accessing restricted content, a VPN offers a multitude of benefits that enhance your overall internet experience. Prioritizing your online safety by utilizing a trusted VPN service is a wise decision in today's digital age.