#myoid cell

[notfye]

flat fuck friday (myoid cells)

[crimsonpublisherscancerstudy]

Twirl and Whirl-Myopericytoma _Crimson Publishers

Opinion

Myopericytoma emerges as a distinct myoid neoplasm delineating perivascular distribution of tumour cells. The neoplasm configures a morphological continuum with myofibroma. Myopericytoma is comprised of bland, spindle shaped myoid cells configuring a concentric pattern circumscribing innumerable, miniature vascular articulations. Myofibroma expounds a biphasic tumour pattern and exhibits primitive cellular zones admixed with frequent mitotic figures, tumour necrosis and focal calcification. Aforesaid cellular elements are encompassed within hyalinised nodules constituted of myoid spindle shaped cells. Myopericytoma and myofibroma expound chromosomal mutations within PDGFRB gene. Cellular myofibroma or myopericytoma exemplifies SRF-RELA genetic fusion. Nomenclature of infantile hemangiopericytoma is not recommended. Myopericytoma commonly arises within adult subjects although no age of disease emergence is exempt. Myofibroma may emerge as a congenital lesion or occur within 2 years or within adults and expounds a male predilection [1,2]. Myofibromatosis preponderantly implicates infants and young children wherein majority (~88%) of neoplasms occur <2 years. Solitary infantile myofibromatosis is commonly encountered within male subjects whereas multi-centric infantile myobromatosis expounds a female predilection [1,2]. Myopericytoma and myofibroma preponderantly emerge as cutaneous lesions or may be confined to subcutaneous tissues of extremities, trunk or head and neck region. Exceptionally, neoplasm is encountered within diverse viscera or intracranial sites. Infants with myofibromatosis delineate lesions within various visceral locations as hepatic parenchyma, cardiac muscle, gastrointestinal tract, bone or brain [1,2].

Read more about this article:

For more articles in Novel Approaches in Cancer Study

[mcatmemoranda]

The myoid cells are contractile cells that propel the sperm. Leydig cells (aka interstitial cells) respond to LH and make testosterone. They also secrete seminiferous tubule fluid, which contains nutrients and capacitation inhibitors. It makes sense that Leydig cells are also called interstitial cells because they're outside of the seminiferous tubule, in the interstitial space.

The sertoli cells (aka nurse cells) are inside of the seminiferous tubule. They respond to FSH and make androgen binding protein, which concentrates testosterone within the seminiferous tubule to help sperm mature. Sertoli cells also secrete inhibin, which inhibits release of GnRH and FSH (negative feedback mechanism). Sertoli cells also make estrogen.

The spermatogonium are the initial cells that will divide and mature into sperm.

[tachtutor]

Peritubular Myoid Cells Participate in Male Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cell Maintenance

[iyakuhonyaku]

sperm 精子 せいし

testicle 精巣 せいそう

testosterone テストステロン

core body temperature 深部体温 しんぶたいおん

spermatogenesis 精子形成 せいしけいせい

body cavity 体腔 たいくう or たいこう

dartos 肉様膜 にくようまく

cremaster 精巣挙筋 せいそうきょきん

seminiferous tubule 精細管 せいさいかん

Sertoli cell セルトリ細胞 せるとりさいぼう

leydig cell ライディッヒ細胞 らいでぃっひさいぼう

androgen binding protein アンドロゲン結合タンパク質 あんどろげんけつごうたんぱくしつ

spermatogonia 精原細胞 せいげんさいぼう

spermatocyte 精母細胞 せいぼさいぼう

spermatid 精子細胞 せいしさいぼう

spermiogenesis 精子完成 せいしかんせい

myoid cell 筋様細胞 きんようさいぼう

rete testis 精巣網 せいそうもう

epididymis 精巣上体 せいそうじょうたい

epididymal duct 精巣上体管 せいそうじょうたいかん

stereocilium 不動毛 ふどうもう

vas deferens 精管 せいかん

ejaculatory duct 射精管 しゃせいかん

prostate gland 前立腺 ぜんりつせん

urethra 尿道 にょうどう

ejaculation 射精 しゃせい

fertilisation 受精 じゅせい

semen 精液 せいえき

seminal vesicle 精嚢 せいのう

penis 陰茎 いんけい

pubis 恥骨 ちこつ

glans penis 陰茎亀頭 いんけいきとう

foreskin 包皮 ほうひ

erectile tissue 勃起組織 ぼっきそしき

corpus cavernosum 海綿体 かいめんたい

corpus spongiosum 尿道海綿体 にょうどうかいめんたい

erection 勃起 ぼっき

[cellimagelibrary]

Image of the Week - July 24, 2017

CIL:39062 - http://www.cellimagelibrary.org/images/39062

Description: This light micrograph shows the outside edge of two seminiferous tubules of a mouse testis. This section is a 1um thick transverse section, stained with toluidine blue to highlight the cells, with the nucleus staining a darker blue. The dark blue line separating the two seminiferous tubules consists mostly of myoid (muscle) tissue. The majority of cells seen in this image (arranged in layers) are germ cells, which, by repeated cell division, eventually produce spermatozoa. Chromosomes are visible in most of the nuclei of the cells. The cell with a deeply-stained nucleus and even darker nucleolus is a Sertoli cell ('nurse cell') that has fine cytoplasmic extensions branching between the other cells to nurture the developing germ cells.

Author: Spike Walker

Licensing: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 UK: England & Wales (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 UK)

[juniperpublishers-gjorm]

Male Fertility as a Bull's Eye for Mastocytosis

Authored by:  Ali Shalizar Jalali

Opinion

Mast cell (MC) as a free cell type can be found in connective and epithelial tissues throughout the body as well as peritoneal and thoracic cavities in rodents [1].The MCs are located in subepithelial areas in connective tissue surrounding blood cells, smooth muscle, mucous and hair follicles and have been detected in all vascularized tissues except for the central nervous system and the retina [2]. The cytoplasm of MC contains 50200 large granules storing a variety of substances with potent physiological activities including histamine, heparin, serotonin, cytokines, chondroitin sulfate and neutral proteases [3-5]. It is well-established that these multi-functional master cells are involved in a wide spectrum of functions including vasodilation, angiogenesis, bacterial and parasite elimination, immune system, vascular and bronchial homeostasis and bone growth, remodeling and mineral homeostasis along with inflammatory, hypersensitivity and fibrotic disorders [2, 6-8].Three populations of MCs have been identified based on protease content. The mucosal MC (MCT) only containstryptase, the connective tissue MC (MCTC) contains tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase and cathepsin and the third MC type (MCC) has chymase and carboxypeptidase [9].

A growing body of evidence indicates association between mastocytosis and male infertility [10-12]. It has been reported that increased number of MCs is ascribed to idiopathic male infertilities and spermatogenic disorders [13-15]. Accordingly, it has been revealed that number of MCT and MCTC increases in the testes of patients with spermatogenic arrest and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, confirming MCs roles in the male infertility pathogenesis [16-18]. It has also been shown that increased numbers of MCs are associated with different types of spermatological abnormalities including asthenospermia, oligospermia, azoospermia and sperm DNA damages [19-21].

It has been suggested that paracrine factors from myoid, Sertoli and spermatogenic cells can play crucial roles in testicular mastocytosis [19]. Myoid cells may also trigger MCs activation through formation of membrane-to-membrane connections [16]. It is well-known that MC products can stimulate fibroblast migration, proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix compounds leading to tissue fibrosis [22]. On the other hand, increased depositions of fibrous connective tissue in the peritubular layers and thickening of the tubular wall have been attributed to several testicular pathological patterns resulting in male infertilities [23].

Additionally, MCs degranulation in response to biochemical stresses can lead to release of histamine and chemotactic factors causing increased vascular permeability and immune cells (ICs) infiltrations [24]. It is noteworthy to mention that ICs are sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and excessive ROS generation induced oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors of reproductive dysfunctions [25-27]. Moreover, it was found that testicular mastocytosis is associated with blood-testis barrier malfunction [28]. In line with that, previous reports have shown the beneficial effects of MC blockers in improvement of male fertility impairments. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Ketotifen can improve sperm motility in asthenospermic infertile men and sperm quality, chromatin integrity and pregnancy rate after varicocelectomy [20]. Furthermore, it has been suggested that tranilast is clinically useful for the treatment of severe idiopathic oligozoospermia [29]. On the whole, mastocytosis in reproductive tract can result in male fertility disturbance through fibrotic changes and oxidative stress inductions as well as inflammatory responses formation and medicinal strategies such as administration of MC blockers may be beneficial in treatment of idiopathic male infertilities (Figure 1).

[genefish]

New in Pubmed: Morphological and molecular criteria allow the identification of putative germ stem cells in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.

Related Articles

Morphological and molecular criteria allow the identification of putative germ stem cells in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.

Histochem Cell Biol. 2018 Oct 15;:

Authors: Cherif-Feildel M, Kellner K, Goux D, Elie N, Adeline B, Lelong C, Heude Berthelin C

Abstract While our knowledge of bivalve gametogenesis recently progressed, data on early stages of gametogenesis remain to be developed, especially when dealing with germinal stem cells (GSC) and their niche in these organisms. Here, we wish to develop a strategy to identify putative GSC in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas based on morphological criteria combined with vasa marker expression. A histological quantitative approach, based on stereology, allowed us to identify two types of early germ cells in the germinal epithelium, one presenting round nuclei and the other irregular ones. Both early germ cell types present slightly condensed chromatin in nucleus, are vasa-positive and the Oyvlg (oyster vasa-like gene) expression in these cells is recorded throughout the whole gametogenesis process. The microenvironment of an early germ cell in oyster includes an associated somatic cell presenting an immunolabeling for BMP2/4 and a close myoid cell. In agreement with the GSC characteristics in other species, we postulate that putative germ stem cells in C. gigas correspond to the early germ cell type with irregular nucleus shape; those early germ cells with a round nucleus may consist in progenitors.

PMID: 30318560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from pubmed: crassostrea gigas https://ift.tt/2yHr927 via IFTTT

[healthtimetaylor]

Therapeutic prospects of hydroxytyrosol on experimentally induced diabetic testicular damage: potential interplay with AMPK expression.

PMID:  Cell Tissue Res. 2019 Dec 14. Epub 2019 Dec 14. PMID: 31838605 Abstract Title:  Therapeutic prospects of hydroxytyrosol on experimentally induced diabetic testicular damage: potential interplay with AMPK expression. Abstract:  Male reproductive dysfunction represents one of the overlooked consequences of diabetes that still deserve more scientific attention. We designed this study to explore the therapeutic potential of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on diabetic testicular damage and to investigate its relationship with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. In this context, 30 adult male Wistar rats were utilized and subdivided into control, diabetic and HT-treated diabetic groups. Testicular sections were prepared for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical detection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, Sertoli cell vimentin, myoid cellα-SMA, androgen receptors and caspase-3. We also assessed oxidative enzymatic and lipid peroxidation biochemical profiles, sperm count, morphology and motility. Real-time PCR of AMPK expression in tissue homogenate was performed. We observed that HT restored testicular histopathological structure and significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage and the apoptotic index. The HT-treated group also exhibited significantly higher Sertoli cell vimentin, myoid cell α-SMA and androgen receptor immune expression than the diabetic group. A rescue of the oxidative enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation profiles, sperm count, morphology and motility to control levels was also evident in the HT-treated group. Significant upregulation of AMPK mRNA expression in the HT-treated group clarified the role of AMPK as an underlying molecular interface of the ameliorative effects of HT. We concluded that HT exhibited tangible antioxidant and antiapoptotic impacts on the testicular cytomorphological and immunohistochemical effects of experimentally induced diabetes. Furthermore, AMPK has an impactful role in the molecular machinery of these effects.

read more

[tachtutor]

Targeting the Gdnf Gene in Peritubular Myoid Cells Disrupts Undifferentiated Spermatogonial Cell Development

Targeting the Gdnf Gene in Peritubular Myoid Cells Disrupts Undifferentiated Spermatogonial Cell Development

[ad_1]