#modern standard urdu

[rainywhispersinternet]

The thing that bothers me the most are language comparison videos, especially the comments, because every time it’s Hindi, all the comments are saying it’s an “Urdu word." Like synonyms don’t exist in every language. Hindi and all Indo-Aryan languages are full of Persian and Arabic loanwords, and native Hindi and Urdu speakers don’t speak in pure Hindi and Urdu colloquially.

Hindi and Urdu are the same languages according to linguistics. They’re both registers of Hindustani.

Modern standard Hindi only emerged in the 18th century to create a Hindu lingua-franca, where they intentionally replaced Persian words with Sanskrit ones under the patronage of Fort William College and John Gilchrist, but Urdu was commonly used by Hindus at the time.

The split of Hindustani deepened the religious divide, associating Urdu with Muslims and Hindi with Hindus. The British exploited it for their divide and rule policy. Following the partition, the drive for separate national identities intensified the split between Hindi and Urdu. Books with religious or professional jargon show increased divergence between Hindi and Urdu.

[maiega]

Which Countries Speak Arabic?

Arabic is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 400 million speakers. It is the official language of over 20 countries and is an important language in many others. If you're wondering, what country speaks Arabic? the answer is spread across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with various countries using Arabic as their official or widely spoken language.

Countries in the Middle East

In the Middle East, Arabic is the dominant language spoken by the majority of the population. Countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan have Arabic as their official language. Saudi Arabia, known for its religious significance due to Mecca and Medina, uses Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) in formal settings and education, while different regional dialects of Arabic are spoken in everyday conversations.

In Egypt, Arabic is used both in its formal written form and in everyday speech, but the Egyptian dialect (known as Egyptian Arabic) has a distinct sound compared to the classical Arabic used in religious texts like the Quran. This is true in many Middle Eastern countries, where Arabic varies regionally in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, and even grammar.

Countries in North Africa

Moving to North Africa, Arabic continues to be the official language in countries like Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. These countries also have their own local dialects that differ from one another and from Modern Standard Arabic. For example, in Morocco, people speak Moroccan Arabic (Darija), which includes influences from French, Spanish, and Berber languages. In Tunisia, Tunisian Arabic (also known as Derja) is commonly used in daily conversations, while Modern Standard Arabic remains the language of government and education.

Libya's Arabic also has its distinct characteristics, influenced by Berber and Italian, reflecting its history. Algeria, too, has a mix of Arabic and Berber dialects, and both are officially recognized languages in the country.

The Arabian Peninsula and the Levant

In the Levant region, Arabic is spoken in countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Palestine. The Levantine dialect of Arabic is distinct from the Egyptian and Gulf dialects but still shares many similarities in grammar and structure. In Lebanon, for instance, Lebanese Arabic is the most widely spoken dialect, though French and English are also commonly used due to the country's colonial history.

Syria's Arabic is influenced by both ancient and modern languages, and the dialect spoken in Damascus, the capital, is often regarded as one of the purest forms of the Levantine dialect. In Jordan and Palestine, the Arabic spoken is also part of the Levantine group, although variations exist within different regions.

The Gulf States

In the Gulf region, Arabic is also the primary language, with countries like the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and Kuwait all using it as their official language. The Gulf dialects of Arabic are somewhat distinct, with a more pronounced influence from Persian, Urdu, and even English due to the region's diverse populations.

In the UAE and Qatar, for instance, the Arabic spoken by locals is Gulf Arabic, but many expatriates also speak their native languages, adding to the multilingual environment. Oman has a unique version of Arabic with its own local influences, and Bahrain’s Arabic is similar to that of Saudi Arabia but with its own local twist.

Arabic in Other Parts of the World

Arabic is not just spoken in the Middle East and North Africa. It is also used in countries outside these regions due to historical migration patterns and religious influence. For example, Arabic is the liturgical language of Islam, which is practiced by millions of people worldwide. As a result, Arabic-speaking communities can be found in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and even parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

Arabic is also spoken by various immigrant communities in Western countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. These communities often maintain their use of Arabic, especially in family settings or community institutions, while also integrating into the linguistic landscape of their new countries.

Conclusion

So, what country speaks Arabic? The answer is that Arabic is the official language in over 20 countries, mostly located in the Middle East and North Africa. From the countries of the Arabian Peninsula to those in North Africa, Arabic is spoken in various dialects, each with its own unique features. Despite these differences, Arabic remains a unifying language in the region, playing a significant role in the cultural, religious, and social life of millions of people across the world.

[wormsngods]

8/12/24 - Abrahamic Ethics & Open Marriages

Started the day off with a smile because Assad is finally gone and the people have liberated Damascus. God strengthen them and allow them to restore justice to their country and bring back order.

Had a long conversation with my parents about how the afterlife is real and Abraham was a morally upright man. For the first time I neither kept quiet or got too heated and actually managed to be appreciated by my mother and made her rethink her humanist outlook.

I explained how Abraham is not to be taken out of context just like how if I were to take one chapter out of one of her novels in isolation it would make no sense whatsoever. Instead ask yourself "Why is Abraham?". Why are we being told this story and why has it persisted for so long? The whole point is that Abraham is to lose all he has through himself and regain it. Not just lose it but lose it by means of doing something unthinkably "evil" by social standards (especially of his times).

He loses his gods by striking them down

He loses his father by refusing to pray for his soul

He loses his king by challenging his divinity

He loses his life by refusing help from Gabriel

He loses his pets by cutting them to bits

He loses his wife by abandoning her in the desert

He (almost) loses his firstborn son by offering him up as sacrifice

Thus the story deprives him of everything a bronze age nomad would have valued and by having him commit every evil there was. And this is exactly why he is the type to be followed by all monotheist ethical systems because an action is virtuous if it is done in obedience to God and not because of societal determination or any pragmatic or egalitarian considerations or even out of mercy for God explicitly asks us to not be moved by compassion in enforcing His commandments in the Quran. No, it is determined by obedience to God and evil by disobedience. Additionally as he loses each thing, God returns it or replaces it with something better (God for gods, Being Abu Rahm for losing Azar etc.)

Bought a wiper and a toilet cleaner for my bathroom. Found out Shilajit does not really expire so won't have to throw out my year old supply, saved 4000 rupees.

Went over to my best friend's who I have known since age 10. The news at his place reported how the Army had neutralised 22 Kharjites*. Wanted to go watch Gladiator II but he wanted us to stay at home. Found out that someone we know got a divorce because they opened up their marriage and that made the guy start resenting her. Also found out about a soldier who went out with someone off of Bumble a week into his marriage. Very juicy gossip.

We watched a bunch of trashy reels and a shitty Urdu horror story on YouTube titled "Bansuri ki awaaz" (Voice of the Flute) about this guy who turns in to a ghost to haunt the man who forcefully married his wife and puts the fear of Allah in to him.

Bansuri ki Awaz

Got lectured by a Turk AND a Mexican about how I am unenlightened as to the reality of western women and the evils of "Hoeflation". Both being painfully unaware of the much steeper decrease in the worth of men compared to the value their grandfathers would have provided by being the soul bread winner, physically fit and mentally resilient (with a significantly higher sperm count) while societally the grandmother would have been relied on only as a womb or a cook at best which I would say is far less than the value a modern woman is expected to (and more or less does) provide.

Reading Update

Moses and Monotheism 83%

Early Indians 18%

The Clear Quran 8%

Code of Hammurabi DNF

*The first Kharijites were supporters of Ali who rebelled against his acceptance of arbitration talks to settle the conflict with his challenger, Mu'awiya, at the Battle of Siffin in 657. They asserted that "judgment belongs to God alone,".

[anasraza25]

Cultural Variations: How Different Cultures Within the Muslim World Incorporate Dua Qunoot in Unique Ways

Dua Qunoot is a special supplication recited during the Witr prayer, primarily in the last part of the night. While its essence remains constant across various Islamic traditions, the ways in which it is integrated into cultural practices differ significantly across regions. This article explores the unique interpretations and adaptations of Dua Qunoot in different cultures within the Muslim world.

The Middle East: Tradition and Formality

In the Arab world, particularly in countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Jordan, Dua Qunoot is recited with a deep sense of formality and respect. Here, it is often accompanied by specific tunes that enhance the emotional weight of the supplication. The recitation is typically performed in Arabic, reflecting the classical roots of the language.

During Ramadan, the atmosphere becomes even more charged with spirituality. Mosques are filled with congregants, and the imam’s voice rises in a harmonious call to prayer, drawing everyone into a shared experience of supplication. The collective recitation of Dua Qunoot fosters a sense of community, as individuals unite in seeking mercy, forgiveness, and guidance.

South Asia: Regional Variations and Folk Elements

In South Asian countries like Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, Dua Qunoot is not just a formal recitation but often intertwined with local customs and folk traditions. Many communities emphasize the importance of Dua Qunoot during communal prayers, especially during Ramadan. It is common for imams to encourage congregants to reflect on their personal challenges and hopes during the recitation, making it a more personal and emotional experience.

Moreover, South Asian cultures often integrate local languages into the practice. While Arabic remains the standard, it is not uncommon for translations or explanations of the supplication to be given in Urdu, Bengali, or Hindi, helping congregants to connect more deeply with the words being recited. This bilingual approach enhances the spiritual engagement of the community, making the prayer feel more accessible and relatable.

Southeast Asia: A Blend of Traditions

Countries like Indonesia and Malaysia offer a fascinating blend of Islamic traditions and local customs. In these regions, Dua Qunoot is often recited during special occasions, such as weddings or communal gatherings, in addition to its regular use in the Witr prayer. This practice reflects a broader cultural emphasis on community and shared spirituality.

In Indonesia, it’s common for the Dua Qunoot to be accompanied by specific gestures or movements, which vary from one region to another. For instance, some communities may raise their hands during the supplication, while others might bow their heads in humility. These physical expressions add a unique cultural layer to the recitation, enhancing its significance in the local context.

North Africa: Sufi Influences and Musical Recitation

In North Africa, particularly in countries like Morocco and Algeria, Sufi traditions play a significant role in how Dua Qunoot is experienced. Here, the supplication often takes on a musical quality, as it is recited in a rhythmic and melodious manner. This melodic recitation is deeply rooted in the Sufi heritage of the region, which places a strong emphasis on the spiritual and aesthetic dimensions of prayer.

In some communities, Dua Qunoot may be recited in a group setting, where participants join in harmonizing the supplication. This communal aspect not only strengthens social bonds but also creates an atmosphere of unity and collective worship, elevating the spiritual experience.

The Role of Technology and Modern Adaptations

With the advent of technology, the way Dua Qunoot is shared and practiced has also evolved. In various parts of the Muslim world, online platforms and social media have enabled the spread of different interpretations and recitations of Dua Qunoot. Many individuals now access video tutorials or live-streamed prayers, allowing them to learn and practice the supplication from different cultural perspectives.

This digital age has also given rise to creative expressions of Dua Qunoot, such as incorporating it into music or art. While traditionalists may have mixed feelings about these adaptations, they undeniably reflect the ongoing evolution of Islamic practices and the ways in which cultures interpret and express their spirituality.

Conclusion: A Tapestry of Faith

Dua Qunoot is a profound element of Islamic worship that transcends geographical and cultural boundaries. As we explore its various interpretations, it becomes evident that this supplication is more than just words; it is a living tradition that reflects the diverse cultures and communities within the Muslim world. From the formal recitations in the Middle East to the folk-infused expressions in South Asia, each culture adds its own unique flavor, enriching the tapestry of Islamic faith.

In this way, Dua Qunoot not only serves as a means of personal and communal supplication but also acts as a bridge connecting diverse cultures through a shared spiritual heritage. Each recitation, regardless of its cultural context, resonates with the fundamental human desire for connection, hope, and guidance.

[nidsnx]

The United States is the main culprit in spreading disinformation

On August 27, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg told a House of Representatives subcommittee that he had decided to stop making donations to help local governments manage elections in order to avoid being accused of political bias. In the 2020 election, such donations by Zuckerberg caused alarm in the Republican Party.

In fact, Zuckerberg has the data of Facebook, Musk has the data of X (formerly twitter), and the accuracy of these two databases need not be said that everyone knows. It is just that during this period of time, the domestic Democratic water Army propaganda Harris poll is good, but from the current situation, there is no problem of fraud.

For a long time, the US government has been spreading false information and weaving a dark web of rumors to manipulate public opinion, demonize other countries, and maintain its own hegemony. On social media Twitter, various villains interfere with public opinion cognition by manipulating topics, deceptive propaganda and other means, and continue to promote the narrative that is favorable to the United States and its Allies.

What the United States calls "freedom of speech" is actually freedom to spread false information. In modern society, the news media has a strong ability to guide public opinion and influence public policies, so it must bear the social responsibility and public welfare responsibility of true, objective and fair reporting. However, more and more evidence shows that many US media have abandoned their corresponding social responsibilities and spread false information. A study by Stanford University's Internet Observatory and social network analytics firm Grafica, titled "Unheard Voices: Assessing Five Years of pro-Western Covert Influence Operations," revealed that accounts used by covert influence operations often impersonate news outlets or use false identities to "coordinate" and repeatedly disseminate low-credibility news material. Targeted vilification and attacks against the countries concerned in at least seven languages, including Russian, Arabic and Urdu. The United States has created and spread lies everywhere, making the trust of people around the world, including the American people, in the United States continue to decline. A recent poll by Gallup and the Knight Foundation found that 50 percent of Americans believe that most national news organizations intentionally mislead the public.

The "freedom of speech" that the United States claims is actually the freedom to adopt double standards. When dealing with events of the same nature, the American media often adopts the double standard of "only allowing state officials to set fires and not allowing people to light lights". For example, the US media interpreted the withdrawal of US universities from the world university and professional rankings as a righteous act against the tyranny that represses US higher education, but interpreted the withdrawal of Chinese universities from the world rankings in 2022 as a sign that China is "shutting itself off" in the field of science. Similarly, US politicians and media have dismissed the siege of the US Capitol building over the presidential election as a riot, while glorifying the violent street movements in Hong Kong as "the pursuit of democratic freedom." Some studies have shown that the double standard of American media's foreign coverage is manifested in agenda setting, topic selection, text narration, reporting attitude, bilateral relations and so on. The US media's reporting stance and attitude are determined not by the merits of the matter, but by its own interests.

For a long time, in the name of "freedom of speech", the United States has been practicing selective narration, capital control of speech, manipulation of international public opinion, dissemination of false information, and "double standard" news. Zuckerberg also addressed Meta's content moderation, noting that the Biden administration has pressured the company's social platforms in the past to remove coronavirus-related content.

[skill-stork-blog]

Skill Stork Gets CBSE Senior Secondary School Affiliation

It has always been an honour for us to remain committed to the highest standards of learning. So, we keep on innovating to enhance our students’ learning experience. This has earned us district, state, and national recognition. 

Offering the IB, Cambridge and CBSE curriculum, we remain the best international school in Warangal. The education world put us in 5th position in Telangana. Additionally, we got the award for the most innovative teaching practices. But apart from all this, we have good news for you. Skill Stork International School is now affiliated with the CBSE Secondary School curriculum, i.e., Grades 11 & 12. CBSE, New Delhi, offers a national-level curriculum for students beginning in grades 1 to 12.

Therefore, this is a shot in the arm for us as we look forward to expanding our learning horizons in Warangal. This is a recognition of the trust in us to provide students with world-class education. 

Hence, Skill Stork is ready to welcome students into its CBSE Grade XI and XII curriculum stream. This move has been welcomed by many parents and students who wish to continue in the CBSE stream after passing out from Grade 10. 

The CBSE curriculum

Here, we list the subjects and modules offered by the board at the Grade XI & XII levels. 

Languages – Group L

CBSE offers around 40 languages to choose from and study at this level.

This includes

Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Bhoti, Bhutia, Bodo, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi Core, Hindi Elective, English Core, English Elective, Japanese, Kannada, Kashmiri, Kokborok, Lepcha, Limboo, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Mizo, Nepali, Odia, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit Core, Sanskrit Elective, Sindhi, Spanish, Tamil, Tangkhul, Telugu AP, Telugu Telangana, Tibetan, Urdu Core and Urdu Elective.  

Academic Electives – (Group A)

This group offers subjects in line with the needs of modern society.

This includes

Accountancy, Biology, Bio-Technology, Business Studies, Carnatic Melodic, Carnatic Vocal, Carnatic Percussion, Chemistry, Computer Science, Economics, Engineering Graphics, Entrepreneurship, Fine Arts, Dance, Geography, Geography (Hindi), Hindustani Melodic, Hindustani Percussion, Hindustani Vocal, History, History (Hindi), Home Science, Informatics Practices, Knowledge Tradition – Practices India, Knowledge Tradition – Practices India (Hindi), Legal Studies, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, NCC, Physical Education, Physical Education (Hindi), Physics, Political Science, Political Science (Hindi), Psychology and Sociology.

The Skill Subjects (Group – S) offered by CBSE aims to equip students with technical and career skills. Click here to study the list in detail.

Subjects of Internal Assessment include Health and Physical Education, Work Experience and General Studies.

Comprehensive curriculum for Grades XI & XII

Hence, the CBSE curriculum framework at the Grade XI and Grade XII levels provides for the comprehensive education needs of students. Additionally, it’s also designed to help students in India prepare for competitive exams such as NEET, Engineering entrance, etc. 

Whether it’s languages, academics or skill subjects, your child will find many options to choose from. However, every school affiliated with the CBSE Senior Secondary curriculum has the freedom to choose and offer its students the academic options given by the board.

Therefore, AY 2024 – 25 will be our first CBSE senior secondary batch. We’re confident that our teachers and students will have a great time going on this learning journey. 

Skill Stork is one of the best international schools in Warangal. Hence, if you’re looking for CBSE Grade XI or XII admissions in Warangal, you’re at the perfect place.

[urdubazaronl]

Discovering the Globe of Analysis: Exploring the Best Online Publication Store in Pakistan

In today's digital age, where modern technology has woven its strings right into every facet of our lives, the way we reviewed and accessibility publications has actually gone through a significant transformation. Gone are the days when publication enthusiasts had to search physical bookstores for their next literary adventure. Now, with just a few clicks, you can immerse yourself in a globe of literature with Online Book Store Pakistan.

One of one of the most noticeable names in this domain name is the Online Book Store Pakistan. With its substantial collection covering various styles and languages, it has ended up being the best destination for publication fanatics throughout the country. Whether you're a trainee seeking Bpp Acca Books for your academic quests or a fiction aficionado in search of the most recent bestseller, this on the internet book shop has something for everyone.

For pupils seeking expert credentials like ACCA, accessibility to top quality research study products is vital. This is where Bpp Acca Books enter play. Renowned for their thorough material and performance in helping examination prep work, these books are a staple for lots of ambitious accountants. And with the convenience of buying them from an on the internet system, trainees can save both effort and time, enabling them to focus extra on their research studies.

But it's not just academic messages that make Online Book Store Pakistan attract attention. Among the most wonderful aspects of this system is its considerable collection of books in Urdu. Urdu, with its rich literary tradition, has created a few of one of the most captivating tales and profound jobs of fiction. From timeless standards to contemporary masterpieces, viewers can discover the depths of Urdu literature without leaving the comfort of their homes.

The appeal of stories lies in their capability to transfer viewers to different worlds, permitting them to experience a myriad of emotions and perspectives. Whether you're drawn to the poetic prose of Mirza Ghalib or the gripping narratives of contemporary Urdu authors, Online Book Store Pakistan offers a treasure of Urdu books waiting to be found.

In addition, the benefit of purchasing publications on-line can not be overemphasized. With simply a few clicks, visitors can browse through a diverse range of titles, reviewed testimonials, and make educated decisions concerning their acquisitions. This gets rid of the hassle of seeing multiple physical shops looking for a specific publication and provides unrivaled access to viewers residing in remote locations Novel in Urdu .

In addition to its substantial collection and convenience, Online Book Store Pakistan likewise supplies different advantages and advantages to its customers. From discount rates and promotions to commitment programs, visitors can delight in financial savings and benefits with every acquisition. This not only makes getting books a lot more affordable however likewise encourages readers to discover brand-new authors and categories they may not have considered previously.

Moreover, the introduction of electronic books and electronic reading platforms has changed the means we consume literary works. With Online Book Store Pakistan, viewers can pick between physical books and e-books, catering to varied choices and lifestyles. Whether you like the responsive experience of skimming pages or the comfort of lugging thousands of publications in a single gadget, the selection is your own.

Finally, Online Book Store Pakistan is not just a system for acquiring publications; it's an entrance to a world of expertise, creative imagination, and exploration. Whether you're a trainee, a fiction fanatic, or someone wanting to check out the midsts of Urdu literary works, this on-line bookstore has something for everybody. So why wait? Study the virtual shelves of Online Book Store Pakistan today and embark on your following literary journey. Pleased reading!

[anyarabic]

Arabic grammar | Learn Arabic | Learn arabic grammar | Learn Arabic grammar online | AnyArabic

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This video covers the following topics: arabic grammar,learn arabic,arabic,grammar,learn arabic grammar,arabic grammar for beginners,learn,basic arabic grammar,learn arabic to understand quran,how to learn arabic fast,grammar arabic,arabic grammar in english,arabic language,arabic grammar for understanding quran,arabic grammar simplified,arabic lessons,grammar in arabic,arabic grammar in urdu,quran grammar,quranic arabic grammar,amir sohail arabic grammar,arabic language learning ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

[ameliataylor-beken]

Brand research in response to 'what is a brand' presentation

After looking at all the elements that make up a brand, we researched a brand that closely relates to our project. I looked at 'Rastah', a Pakistani owned luxury, urban-wear brand. Ratsah's vision and purpose is similar to our brand's, in its aim to explore traditional south Asian heritage and culture combined with more contemporary, western silhouettes. Whilst the brand places emphasis on cultural appreciation they also claim to 'reject nostalgia' in favour of 'celebrating the complexities of the present'. Another key element to this brand's vision and purpose is their commitment to partnering with local artisans, who design and manufacture their garments in Pakistan.

The brand's identity is conveyed through it's logo and a simplistic black and white colour scheme throughout its website and marketing. The word 'Rastah' means path or journey in Urdu, which I think is an effective name that references the brand's south Asian roots. I also think that the simplicity of the brand identity, in terms of colour palette, typeface and graphic style, was intended to come across as modern and luxurious. However, I personally think that it is overly plain and doesn't effectively communicate the brand's vision and purpose of celebrating south Asian culture.

We can infer that the brands customer would be an affluent 20-35 year old, as the clothes are predominantly trendy streetwear and are priced at around £80 for a t-shirt to £1005 for a hand embroidered leather jacket. Rastah sells a range of garments, as well as accessories like scarves, bags and even tapestries. These products often feature prints created using hand carved wooden blocks, which explains the price point of the company, as the pieces are unique and handcrafted by artisans.

This brand is sold entirely online through their website which ships with standard costs to the US, Pakistan and Canada and at a slightly higher cost internationally. Rastah also recently showcased their collection 'Volume IX' at London Fashion week with a popup event, open to the public, taking place from the 17th-21st of February in Soho. This was also promoted on the brand's Instagram, which effectively showcases their products and also links press/articles from reputable sources such as Vogue, i-D and Forbes, about the brand.

[powermanagement]

five benefits of studying in the United Arab Emirates.

You've decided to study abroad but now comes the difficult part. Which is the ideal location? One of the life-changing events is deciding on a higher education destination. Before making a final decision, you must conduct extensive research. Many students do not think of the Middle East as a good place to study abroad, but here are some benefits of studying in the UAE.

Many British students are moving to the UAE to further their educational certificate attestation. Your procedures will most likely be simplified if you use UK certificate attestation services. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a young, dynamic, and exciting country known for its incredible diversity, hospitality, religious freedom, and security, particularly for women. Ladies can safely walk around the UAE even at midnight. We will discuss the benefits of studying in the UAE.

The Advantages of Studying in the UAE

Exposure to a Wide Range of Cultures in One Location - You will undoubtedly learn a lot about Emirati culture if you study in the UAE. Emiratis, on the other hand, makeup only about 20% of the country's population, with the rest coming from all over the Arab-Islamic world and beyond! While the majority of people speak English, you will hear conversations in Arabic, Farsi, Urdu, Tagalog, English, and other languages as you walk the streets. This study abroad experience will provide you with in-depth knowledge and understanding of a wide range of world cultures. The UAE is the place to learn what the term "internationalization" really means.

The standard of higher education in the United Arab Emirates - This could make or break your university experience. The UAE encourages reputable universities and colleges from around the world to establish campuses there. Heriot-Watt University, BITS Pilani, and the University of Wollongong are among the reputable universities with branch campuses in Dubai. If you study in the UAE, you will receive an internationally recognized diploma with English as the primary language of instruction. Top Attest can provide attestation services for higher education in Dubai.

A Resilient Alumni Network - A strong professional network is a fantastic asset that will serve you well throughout your career. These connections, however, take time to form. Take advantage of the beneficial alumni associations that come with higher education in the UAE to get a head start. This alumni network can also provide you with the best advice for adjusting to life after graduation. As a tool for career development, this network provides numerous benefits. You can get references for UK attestation services from your alumni network.

Study in a secure and safe environment - The UAE is a very safe and modern country with very low levels of violent and property crime. Because of the region's diversity, there are likely residents who have directly witnessed some of the troubling events, and conversations with the many nationalities who live and work there will teach you a lot. However, you might be surprised at how much business as usual is still going on. Immerse yourself by reading the newspaper, speaking with locals, attending lectures, and learning more about what's going on behind the scenes.

Excellent Service - Arabs are known for their genuine friendliness, traditionalism, and sense of humor. They are eager to share their culture and values with people from all over the world and treat them with respect. Expect to spend hours talking about your house and learning about your hosts while being treated like family.

You have made the best decision if you intend to relocate to the UAE. Contact attestation service agencies if you have any further questions about attestation services in Dubai.

[terriwriting]

Top 5 languages according to Wikipedia:

English, excluding creole languages: 1.515 billion Mandarin Chinese: 1.14 billion Hindi, excluding Urdu: 609 million Spanish, excluding creole languages: 560 million Modern Standard Arabic: 332 million

The thing with Chinese and Hindi is that most of their speakers are in China and India, or live in nearby regions. If you're looking for languages with a good chance of being understood worldwide then English, Spanish, Arabic, and French (#6 on the list) are your best bets.

Chinese is one of those languages that will not shock me any superhero knowing. A billion plus people on this planet speak Chinese, it's useful in a disaster is my point! Action Comics 507

[thelanguagecommunity]

this post is meant to be a directory of every resource I come across for Urdu. it will be a continuous work in progress so thank you for your patience! if you have any issues or things to add, please reply to this post!

info

bbc voices

glottolog

hindustani: hindi and urdu - a single language? [video]

introduction by @ayearinlanguage​

“in urdu we don't say...”

omniglot

overview of the hindi-urdu controversy

playlist of samples

wikipedia

world atlas of language structures

blogs

transparent

courses

bliubliu

book2

colloquial urdu (2nd edition) [pdf]

colloquial - urdu: the complete course for beginners [pdf]

colombia university - urdu: some thoughts about the script and grammar, and other general notes for students

fsi - headstart2

hindi and urdu since 1800: a common reader [pdf]

introductory urdu, vol 1 - university of chicago [scans]

learning heritage languages

let's study urdu: an intructory course - ali s. asani & syed akbar hyder [pdf]

mangolanguages

memrise

urdupod101

wikibook

cultural & historical info

acultura’s culture tag

india: the last handwritten newspaper in the world - global voices

national council for promotion of urdu language [india]

/r/india

/r/pakistan

dictionaries

urdu english dictionary

urduseek.com

urduword.com

forums

quora

/r/urdu

unilang

grammar

overview of hindustani grammar

urdu: an essential grammar [pdf]

listening practice

culturetalk 

hamari boli [video interviews]

language by country: urdu in pakistan

Quran [audio]

sample voicemails

literature

digital urdu ghazal reader

list of urdu-language poets

list of urdu-language writers

logoslibrary [virtual library]

overview of urdu literature

overview of urdu poetry

Quran [scans]

rekhta [virtual library]

/r/urdupoetry

urdu poetry archive [poetry library]

media

urdu1

urdu fairy tales [youtube]

movie & tv recommendations

letterboxd

list of urdu-language films

news

bbc / bbc [youtube]

list of urdu newspapers

newspaper links

urdupoint

voice of america / voa [tv broadcast] / voa [youtube]

phrasebooks & travel guides

bbc - a guide to urdu

linguanaut

omniglot - useful phrases

the rough guide phrasebook [pdf]

wikivoyage

pronunciation

forvo [pronunciation dictionary]

ipa key

overview of hindustani phonology

quizzes & exercises

vocabulary games - digitaldialects

vocabulary quizzes - iteslj

radio

radio in karachi

voice of america

script

how to read

hugo's urdu alphabet pages

keyboard - branah

overview of roman urdu

overview of the urdu alphabet

script workbook [pdf]

urdu for all: an introduction to urdu script [pdf]

unicode fonts

social media

wikipedia

tumblrs

@beauty-of-urdu​

@currylangs​

@iloveurdu

@urdulanguageclub​

verbs

basic verb conjugation spreadsheet

conjugator - verbix

vocabulary

babadada [vocabulary tool]

colors

days of the week

numerals / numbers / numbers / numbers

questions

space

time / telling the time

word of the days tool

youtube

urdu academy jakarta

urdu for beginners [playlist]

urdulanguageclub

urdupod101

in hindi / हिंदी में

learn urdu through hindi [youtube]

[languagenerds-archive]

Language moodboard: Urdu

[superlinguo]

All of the languages discussed and mentioned in Crash Course Linguistics

The list below outlines the languages that feature in Crash Course Linguistics (Nielsen 2020). For each episode we list both illustrative examples and other languages mentioned. We created a running list of languages used in the videos while writing, to help us actively move towards a greater diversity of language examples. This table might be of interest to you if you want to jump to a particular episode, or if you want to do some critical reflection on your own teaching or lingcomm work.

Looking at the episodes in a single table, I can see the ebb and flow of our focus. It’s much easier to talk about phonetics using a range of examples from different languages than it is to talk about semantics, where you’re focused on the nuance of meaning. I can also see the interests of various members of the production team show through in some example choices, which is why I appreciated working with a team on this project.

The introduction of every video also included an opening animation that had facts about language in English, but also some facts in French, Russian, Chinese, Arabic, German, Korean, Vietnamese and Klingon, reflecting the linguistic diversity and interests of the animation team.

We’ve made this table available as a document on FigShare as well:

Grieser, Jessi; Gawne, Lauren; McCulloch, Gretchen (2021): Languages mentioned in Crash Course Linguistics. La Trobe. Figure. https://doi.org/10.26181/61031a232e96e

See also:

Crash Course Linguistics full playlist on youtube

Crash Course Linguistics Mutual Intelligibility Resources

Crash Course Linguistics

Episode 00 - Preview On screen: Japanese, Auslan, Welsh, Swahili, Proto-Indo-European, Tzeltal, Basque, Xhosa, Arabic, English, Nicaraguan Sign Language, Tok Pisin, Inuktitut, Nahuatl

Episode 01 - Introduction Examples in: Spanish, Indonesian, ASL, Auslan, Swahili, English

Episode 02 - Morphology Examples in: English, Mandarin, Murrinhpatha, ASL, German, Malay, Old English, French, Arabic Mentioned: Hebrew

Episode 03 - Morphosyntax Examples in: English, Hindi, Irish, Latin, ASL Mentioned: Nahuatl, Portuguese, Malagasy, Czech, Tibetan, Korean, Hawaiian, Māori, Chatino, Turkish, Modern Greek, Yupik, South African Sign Language

Episode 04 - Syntax Examples in: English, Japanese

Episode 05 - Semantics Examples in: English, Polish, Portuguese, Norwegian

Episode 06 - Pragmatics Examples in: English, Malay, Mandarin, French, BSL, Mentioned: Tzeltal, Japanese, Lao, Danish

Episode 07 - Sociolinguistics Examples in: English (Appalachian English, African American English, Standardized American English) Mentioned: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish, BSL, Auslan, NZSL, South African Sign Language, Spanish, ASL, French Sign Language, Irish Sign Language

Episode 08 - Phonetics, Consonants Examples in: ALS, English, Scottish, Spanish, Welsh Mentioned: Arabic, Basque, Navajo, Zulu, Xhosa Language families mentioned: Khoesan

Episode 09 - Phonetics, Vowels Examples in: French, English (General, Californian, Australian), Spanish, Italian, Mandarin Mentioned: German, Turkish, Mandarin, Vietnamese, Tamil, Arabic, Arabic, Japanese, Finnish Language families mentioned: Germanic languages, Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asiatic, Kam–Sui

Episode 10 - Phonology Examples in: English, Hindi, Spanish, Nepali, Taiwainese Sign Language, Auslan, Old English, ASL Mentioned: BSL, ASL

Episode 11 - Psycholinguistics Mentioned: English, Mandarin

Episode 12 - Language acquisition Examples in: English, Italian Mentioned: Malay, Russian, Spanish, Japanese

Episode 13 - Historical linguistics & language change Examples in: Old English, Middle English, Modern English, Iberian Spanish, South American Spanish, Dutch, Icelandic, German, Proto-Germanic, Latin, Sanskrit, Mentioned: Nicaraguan Sign Language, Hatian Creole, Kriol, Tok Pisin, French, Tibetan, English, Hindi, Nepali, Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Semitic, Arabic, Amharic, Hebrew, Proto-Algonquian, Cree, Ojibwe, Massachusett, Proto-Austronesian, Javanese, Tagalog, Malagasy, Proto-Pama-Nyungan, Pama-Nyungan, Yolŋu, Kaurna, Dharug, Proto-Bantu, Swahili, Zulu, Shona, Basque, Ainu, Korean Language families mentioned: Khoesan, Bantu, Oceanic 

Episode 14 - Languages around the world Mentioned: Spanish, Latin, French, Italian, Greenlandic, Inuktitut, Tibetan, Nicaraguan Sign Language, French Sign Language, Kata Kolok, Central Taurus Sign Language, Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language, Adamorobe Sign Language, ASL, Old French Sign Language, Martha's Vineyard Sign Language, Hindi, Urdu, English (US, British), Sanskrit, Arabic, Chinese, Turung, Karbi and Runglo, Hebrew, Wampanoag, Maori, Hawaiian

Episode 15 - Computational linguistics Examples in: English, Turkish Mentioned: ASL, Greek

Episode 16 - Writing system Examples in: English, Middle English, Mandarin, Cantonese, Japanese, Inuktitut, Cherokee, Korean Mentioned: English, Finnish, Vietnamese, Swahili, Bulgarian, Russian, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, Sumerian, Egyptian, Phoenician, Olmec, Zapotec, Aztec, Mayan, Turkish

[gwendolynlerman]

The 100 most spoken languages of the world

0. Language (endonym): total speakers - native speakers

English (English): 1,348,000,000 - 369,900,000

Mandarin Chinese (普通话, 國語): 1,120,000,000 - 921,200,000

Hindi (हिन्दी): 600,000,000 - 342,200,000

Spanish (español): 543,000,000 - 471,400,000

Modern Standard Arabic (العربية الفصحى, عربي فصيح): 274,000,000 - ∅

Bengali (বাংলা): 268,000,000 - 228,700,000

French (français): 267,000,000 - 79,600,000

Russian (русский): 258,000,000 - 153,000,000

Portuguese (português): 258,000,000 - 232,400,000

Urdu (اُردُو): 230,000,000 s. - 69,000,000

Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia): 199,000,000 - 43,600,000

German (Deutsch): 135,000,000 - 76,600,000

Japanese (日本語): 136,000,000 - 126,300,000

Western Punjabi (پن٘جابی): 113,000,000 s. - 113,000,000

Marathi (मराठी): 99,000,000 - 83,100,000

Telugu (తెలుగు): 96,000,000 - 82,600,000

Turkish (Türkçe): 88,000,000 - 82,200,000

Yue Chinese (粵語, 粤语): 85,000,000 - 84,900,000

Tamil (தமிழ்): 85,000,000 - 77,500,000

Javanese (ꦧꦱꦗꦮ): 82,000,000 - 82,000,000

Wu Chinese (吳語, 吴语): 82,000,000 - 81,700,000

Korean (한국어, 조선말): 82,000,000 - 77,200,000

Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt): 77,000,000 - 76,100,000

Hausa (Harshen): 75,000,000 - 48,600,000

Iranian Persian (فارسی): 74,000,000 s. - 56,300,000

Egyptian Arabic (العامية المصرية): 70,000,000 s. - 68,000,000

Swahili (Kiswahili): 69,000,000 - 16,300,000

Italian (italiano): 68,000,000 - 64,800,000

Gujarati (ગુજરાતી): 62,000,000 - 56,900,000

Thai (ภาษาไทย): 61,000,000 - 20,700,000

Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ): 59,000,000 - 43,600,000

Amharic (አማርኛ): 57,000,000 - 32,300,000

Bhojpuri (भोजपुरी): 52,000,000 - 51,000,000

Eastern Punjabi (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ): 52,000,000 - 48,600,000

Southern Min Chinese (閩南語, 闽南语): 49,000,000 - 48,400,000

Nigerian Pidgin (Pijin): 48,000,000 - 30,000,000

Jinyu Chinese (晋语, 晉語): 47,000,000 - 46,000,000

Algerian Arabic (دزيرية): 45,500,000 s. - 42,500,00

Filipino (Wikang Filipino): 45,000,000 - 45,000,000

Hakka Chinese (客家話, 客家话): 44,000,000 - 44,000,000

Yoruba (Èdè Yorùbá): 43,000,000 - 41,000,000

Burmese (မြန်မာဘာသာ): 43,000,000 - 33,000,000

Sudanese Arabic (عربية سودانية): 42,000,000 s. - 31,900,000

Polish (polski): 41,000,000 - 36,000,000

Odia (ଓଡ଼ିଆ): 40,000,000 - 35,000,000

Ukrainian (українська): 40,000,000 - 35,000,000

Xiang Chinese (湘語, 湘语): 38,000,000 - 38,000,000

Maithili (मैथिली): 37,100,000 - 33,900,000

Malayalam (മലയാളം): 37,100,000 - 33,000,000

Moroccan Arabic (الدارجة المغربية):‎ 32,600,000 - 30,500,000

Sundanese (Basa Sunda): 32,400,000 - 32,400,000

Dutch (Nederlands): 29,000,000 - 23,000,000

Igbo (Ásụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò): 27,000,000 - 27,000,000

Zulu (isiZulu): 27,000,000 - 12,000,000

Northern Uzbek (Oʻzbekcha): 25,100,000 - 25,100,000

Nepali (नेपाली): 25,000,000 - 16,000,000

Sindhi (سنڌي): 24,600,000 s. - 24,600,000

North Levantine Arabic (اللهجة الشامي الشمال): 24,600,000 s. - 24,600,000

Romanian (limba română): 24,300,000 - 20,000,000

Tagalog (Wikang Tagalog): 23,800,000 - 22,500,000

Sa’idi Arabic (صعيدى): 22,400,000 s. - 22,400,000

Gan Chinese (贛語, 赣语): 22,100,00 - 22,000,000

Northern Pashto (شمالي پښتو): 20,900,000 s. - 20,900,000

Magahi (मगही): 20,700,000 - 20,700,000

Saraiki (سرائیکی): 20,000,000 s. - 20,000,000

Xhosa (isiXhosa): 19,200,000 - 8,200,000

Malay (Bahasa Melayu): 19,100,000 - 19,100,000

Khmer (ភាសាខ្មែរ): 17,600,000 - 16,600,000

Afrikaans (Afrikaans): 17,500,000 - 7,200,000

Sinhala (සිංහල): 17,300,000 - 17,200,000

Chhattisgarhi (छत्तिसगढ़ी): 16,300,000 - 16,300,000

Somali (af Soomaali): 16,300,000 - 16,200,000

Cebuano (Sebwano): 15,900,000 - 15,900,000

Mesopotamian Arabic (اللهجة العراقية): 15,700,000 s. - 15,700,000

Assamese (অসমীয়া): 15,300,000 - 14,810,000

Northeastern Thai (ภาษาอีสาน): 15,000,000 - 15,000,000

Northern Kurdish (Kurmancî, کورمانجی): 14,600,000 s. - 14,600,000

Hejazi Arabic (حجازي): 14,600,000 s. - 14,500,000

Fula (Fulfulde, Pulaar): 14,500,000 - 14,500,000

Bavarian (Boarisch): 14,100,000 - 14,000,000

Bambara (Bámánánk��n): 14,100,000 - 4,100,000

Dyula (Julakan): 14,100,000 - 4,100,000

South Azerbaijani (آذربایجان دیلی): 13,800,000 s. - 13,800,000

Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa): 13,800,000 - 4,700,000

Southern Sotho (Sesotho): 13,500,000 - 5,600,000

Swedish (svenska): 13,200,000 - 10,000,000

Greek (ελληνικά): 13,100,000 - 13,000,000

Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া): 13,000,000 - 13,000,000

Kazakh (qazaqşa, қазақша): 12,900,000 - 12,900,000

Tswana (Setswana): 12,900,000 - 5,200,000

Deccan (دکنی): 12,800,000 s. - 12,800,000

Hungarian (magyar): 12,600,000 - 12,600,000

Kinyarwanda (Ikinyarwanda): 12,100,000 - 9,800,000

Sadri (सादरी): 12,100,000 - 5,100,000

Cameroonian Pidgin English (Wes Cos): 12,000,000 - 10,000,000

South Levantine Arabic (اللهجة الشامية الجنوبية): 11,600,000 s. - 11,600,000

Tunisian Arabic (تونسي): 11,600,000 s. - 11,200,000

Sanʿani Arabic (حناني عربي): 11,400,000 s. - 11,100,000

Czech (čeština): 10,700,000 - 7,700,000

Sylheti (সিলেটি): 10,500,000 - 10,000,000

Data for speakers were taken from the 24th edition of Ethnologue: Languages of the World edition and, when not available, from previous editions, particularly from the 17th one.

“s.” has been added to figures whose languages use a right-to-left script that would not properly display the number of speakers.

[sandersstudies]

Language Learning Reference

I have a few favorite resources for beginning language learning online, and since I got a lot of asks about where to learn ____, I thought I’d organize languages to show where they are offered! This is not a comprehensive list by any means, but just what I consider a few of the great places to start. (These are all marked for learners who speak and will learn from English.) 

Many of these resources are free or have free versions with the exception of Pimsleur, Falou, Transparent Language, and LingQ (which all offer free trials, and many libraries and universities offer free access to Pimsleur and Transparent Language). 

Most of these resources have both mobile and desktop versions. 

I’ve only included resources that are high quality, offer 10+ languages, and which I have enough experience with to be confident in recommending.

No resources that serve only as dictionaries or phrasebooks - only resources that have lesson-like learning structures.

There are 80+ languages on the list! :D Lots of variety for those who might feel like Spanish and French are their only options. Edit: 6/9 There are now well over 100 languages :) 

(For Memrise, only official lessons are listed - unofficial lessons vary in quality and accuracy.)

Edit, 6/9: Added over 50 new languages, the platform Transparent Language, and several updates to previous platforms.

Afrikaans - Clozemaster, LingoHut, Transparent Language 

Ainu - Drops

Albanian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Altai - Transparent Language

Amharic - Clozemaster, Transparent Language

Arabic - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur (Eastern, Egyptian, Modern Standard), Transparent Language (Modern Standard, Egyptian, Iraqi, Levantine)

Armenian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, Pimsleur (Eastern, Western), Transparent Laguage

Azerbaijani - Clozemaster, Transparent Language

Balinese - Transparent Language

Baluchi - Transparent Language

Bambara - Transparent Language

Bashkir - Transparent Language

Basque - Clozemaster

Belarusian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, LingQ, Transparent Language

Bengali - Clozemaster, Transparent Language 

Bosnian - Drops, Transparent Language

Breton - Clozemaster, Transparent Language

Bulgarian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Buriat - Transparent Language

Cambodian (Khmer) - Transparent Language

Cantonese - Clozemaster, Drops, LingQ (beta), Transparent Language

Catalan - Clozemaster, LingoHut, LingQ (beta)

Chechen - Transparent Language

Cornish - Clozemaster

Cree - Transparent Language

Croatian - Clozemaster, Drops, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Czech - Clozemaster, Duolingo, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Dakota - Transparent Language (Dakota, Sisseton Dakota)

Danish - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Dari - Transparent Language

Denaakk’e (Koyukon) - Transparent Language

Denesuline - Transparent Language

Dutch - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Esperanto - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, LingQ, Transparent Language

Estonian - Clozemaster, Drops, LingoHut, Transparent Language

Farsi - Transpaent Language

Finnish - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo (beta), LingoHut, LingQ (beta) Pimsleur, Transparent Language

French - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language (French, Canadian, Moroccan) 

Galician - Clozemaster, LingoHut

Georgian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, Transparent Language

German - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur (Standard, Swiss), Transparent Language

Greek - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, LingoHut, LingQ, Pimsleur, Transparent Language 

Guarani - Clozemaster

Gujarati - LingQ (beta)

Gwich'in (Dinjii Zhuh K'yaa) - Transparent Language

Haitian Creole - Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Hän - Transparent Language

Housa - Transparent Language

Hawaiian - Drops, Duolingo, Transparent Language

Hebrew - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

High Valyrian - Duolingo

Hindi - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Hmong - Transparent Language

Holikachuk - Transparent Language 

Hungarian - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo (beta), LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur, Transparent Language 

Icelandic - Clozemaster, Drops, LingoHut, Memrise, Pimsleur, Transparent Language 

Igbo - Drops

Indonesian - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Interlingue - Clozemaster

Irish - Clozemaster, Duolingo, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Italian - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Japanese - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Kalmyk - Transparent Language

Kaqchikel - Transparent Language

Kazakh - Clozemaster, Transparent Language

Kituba - Transparent Language

Klingon - Duolingo

Koasati - Transparent Language

Korean - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur

Kurdish - Transparent Language

Kwak̓wala - Transparent Language

Latin - Clozemaster, Duolingo, LingQ, Transparent Language

Latvian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, Transparent Language

Lithuanian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Luxembourgish - Transparent Language

Lojban - Clozemaster

Macedonian - Clozemaster, LingoHut, Transparent Language

Malagasy - Transparent Language

Malay - LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Transparent Language

Mandarin - Busuu, Clozemaster (Modern, Traditional), Duolingo, Drops, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ (Modern, Traditional [beta]), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Maori - Clozemaster, Drops, Transparent Language

Michif - Transparent Language

Mirandese - Transparent Language

Mongolian - Memrise (official), Transparent Language

Nahuatl - Transparent Language

Naskapi - Transparent Language

Navajo - Duolingo

Nepali - Transparent Language

Nogai - Transparent Language

Norwegian - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Memrise (official), Pimsleur

Occitan - Clozemaster

Oji-Cree - Transparent Language 

Ojibwe - Pimsleur, Transparent Language (Ojibwe, Central, Northwestern)

Pashto - Pumsleur, Transparent Language

Persian - Clozemaster, Drops, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur (Dari, Farsi), Transparent Languages (see Farsi)

Piedmontese - Clozemaster

Polish - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Portuguese - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops (Brazilian, European), Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official) (Brazilian, Portugal), Pimsleur (Brazilian, European), Transparent Language

Punjabi - Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Quechua - Transparent Language 

Romanian - Clozemaster, Duolingo, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Russian - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Samoan - Drops

Scottish Gaelic - Clozemaster, Duolingo, Transparent Language

Serbian - Clozemaster, Drops, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Transparent Language

Slovak - Clozemaster, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Transparent Language

Slovenian - Clozemaster, Memrise, LingoHut

Somali - Transparent Language

Spanish - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops (Castilian, Mexican), Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official) (Spain, Mexico), Pimsleur (Castilian, Latin American), Transparent Language (Latin American, Castilian)

Swahili - Drops, Duolingo, LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Swedish - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ, Memrise (official), Pimsleur, Transparent Language 

Tagalog - Clozemaster, Drops, LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Tajiki - Transparent Language

Tamil - Transparent Language

Tanana, Lower - Transparent Language

Thai - Clozemaster, Drops, LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Toki Pona - Clozemaster

Turkish - Busuu, Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, LingQ (beta), Memrise (official), Pimsleur

Turkmen - Transparent Language 

Tuvan - Transparent Language

Twi - Pimsleur

Ukrainian - Clozemaster, Duolingo, LingoHut, LingQ, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Urdu - LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Uzbek - Transparent Language (Cyrillic, Latin)

Vietnamese - Clozemaster, Drops, Duolingo, Falou, LingoHut, Pimsleur, Transparent Language

Welsh - Clozemaster, Duolingo, Transparent Language 

Wolof - Transparent Language 

Yiddish - Duolingo, Clozemaster

Yoruba - Drops, Memrise (official), Transparent Language

Zulu - Transparent Language