#modal cloth material

[srisakthitex]

How Sri Sakthi Textiles Became the Top Choice for Cotton Fabric in Erode?

In the bustling textile hub of Erode, there’s a place where quality meets tradition Sri Sakthi Textiles. Decades ago, this family-run business began with a single mission: to craft the finest cotton fabric for people across India and beyond. Word spread quickly as Sri Sakthi Textiles earned a reputation for quality and reliability, becoming the go-to source for cotton fabric in Erode.

As the business grew, so did their collection. The team introduced modal fabric, a soft and sustainable choice that quickly became a favorite among fashion designers looking for that unique blend of comfort and elegance. Soon after, they added linen fabric, perfect for those seeking a breathable, natural look that’s as stylish as it is timeless.

Each roll of fabric tells a story of craftsmanship and care, woven with the dedication that Sri Sakthi Textiles has stood by for generations. Today, designers, artisans, and businesses from all over trust Sri Sakthi Textiles to provide the very best. They know that every fabric—from cotton and modal to linen—is crafted with love and a commitment to excellence, making it an ideal choice for anyone looking to bring their creations to life with a touch of authenticity.

[venusianpulp]

Personal Aesthetic -

Through Venus, Moon, Ascendant, Dominant Elements/Modalities

here's a general overview of how your personal aesthetic might be influenced by your Venus sign & house placement. Remember that everyone's preferences and expressions can vary widely, & these descriptions are meant to offer a starting point for exploration. You can go through each section to refer to and create your own harmonious understanding of each nuiance. Each theme will be representative of different aspects of yourself: Venus Sign: This sign represents your artistic tastes, fashion sense, and overall aesthetic preferences.

Venus Signs:

Venus in Aries: Edgy and bold, loves vibrant colors and dynamic styles. Enjoys athletic wear and fashion-forward looks.

Venus in Taurus: Classic and earthy, values comfort and quality. Prefers natural fabrics, earth tones, and timeless pieces.

Venus in Gemini: Eclectic and versatile, enjoys mixing and matching styles. Has a love for trendy accessories and playful colors.

Venus in Cancer: Nostalgic and cozy, prefers soft and comfortable fabrics. May lean towards vintage-inspired or homey aesthetics.

Venus in Leo: Glamorous and attention-grabbing, enjoys statement pieces and bold colors. Loves luxurious materials and dramatic flair.

Venus in Virgo: Neat and refined, appreciates clean lines and practical elegance. Prefers well-organized and polished looks.

Venus in Libra: Harmonious and stylish, values balance and symmetry. Has a penchant for fashion-forward trends and elegant pieces.

Venus in Scorpio: Mysterious and sensual, loves deep and rich colors. Prefers outfits that evoke intensity and allure.

Venus in Sagittarius: Adventurous and eclectic, embraces a global and bohemian aesthetic. Enjoys travel-inspired pieces and bold patterns.

Venus in Capricorn: Timeless and sophisticated, appreciates classic and professional styles. Values high-quality pieces and understated elegance.

Venus in Aquarius: Unique and avant-garde, embraces quirky and unconventional fashion. Enjoys experimental and futuristic looks.

Venus in Pisces: Dreamy and romantic, prefers soft and flowing fabrics. Loves ethereal and fantasy-inspired aesthetics.

Venus House: The house that Venus is located in your natal chart can provide insights into the areas of life where you express your aesthetic preferences.

Venus Houses:

Venus in the 1st House: Personal and attention-grabbing, leans towards a style that showcases individuality and uniqueness.

Venus in the 2nd House: Sensual and luxurious, values quality materials and comfortable yet stylish clothing.

Venus in the 3rd House: Versatile and communicative, enjoys styles that express curiosity and intellectual engagement.

Venus in the 4th House: Nostalgic and cozy, prefers styles that evoke a sense of home and emotional comfort.

Venus in the 5th House: Playful and creative, embraces trends and enjoys fashion as a form of self-expression.

Venus in the 6th House: Practical and polished, prefers clean and organized styles that suit daily routines.

Venus in the 7th House: Harmonious and refined, values balanced and aesthetically pleasing looks.

Venus in the 8th House: Intense and provocative, gravitates towards styles that evoke mystery and allure.

Venus in the 9th House: Adventurous and global, embraces a diverse range of styles and cultural influences.

Venus in the 10th House: Professional and sophisticated, prefers classic and elegant styles suitable for public appearances.

Venus in the 11th House: Eccentric and unique, enjoys fashion that sets them apart and showcases individuality.

Venus in the 12th House: Dreamy and ethereal, prefers styles that evoke a sense of fantasy and spiritual connection.

Moon Sign: Your Moon sign reflects your emotional and inner world, which can also play a role in your aesthetic choices.

Moon Sign:

Moon in Aries: Bold and dynamic aesthetic, drawn to vibrant colors and edgy styles. Enjoys statement pieces and adventurous looks.

Moon in Taurus: Earthy and comfortable aesthetic, values quality fabrics and timeless pieces. Prefers classic and well-fitting styles.

Moon in Gemini: Eclectic and versatile aesthetic, enjoys mixing and matching styles. Loves playful colors and accessories.

Moon in Cancer: Cozy and nostalgic aesthetic, prefers soft and comforting fabrics. Enjoys vintage-inspired and homey styles.

Moon in Leo: Glamorous and attention-grabbing aesthetic, loves bold colors and luxurious materials. Prefers dramatic and eye-catching pieces.

Moon in Virgo: Neat and polished aesthetic, appreciates clean lines and practical elegance. Prefers well-organized and refined styles.

Moon in Libra: Harmonious and refined aesthetic, values balance and symmetry. Enjoys fashion-forward trends and elegant pieces.

Moon in Scorpio: Intense and provocative aesthetic, drawn to deep and rich colors. Prefers styles that evoke mystery and allure.

Moon in Sagittarius: Adventurous and global aesthetic, embraces a diverse range of styles. Enjoys travel-inspired pieces and cultural influences.

Moon in Capricorn: Professional and sophisticated aesthetic, appreciates classic and timeless styles. Values high-quality and understated pieces.

Moon in Aquarius: Unique and unconventional aesthetic, enjoys styles that set them apart. Enjoys experimental and futuristic looks.

Moon in Pisces: Dreamy and romantic aesthetic, prefers soft and flowing fabrics. Loves ethereal and fantasy-inspired styles.

Moon Houses:

Moon in the 1st House: A personal and bold aesthetic that reflects your individuality and presence. Your style makes a statement about who you are.

Moon in the 2nd House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by comfort and quality. You appreciate well-made and tactile pieces.

Moon in the 3rd House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by intellectual engagement and curiosity. You enjoy versatile and communicative styles.

Moon in the 4th House: Nostalgic and homey aesthetic, reflecting emotional comfort and a sense of familiarity.

Moon in the 5th House: Playful and creative aesthetic, embracing fashion as a form of self-expression. Loves to experiment with different looks.

Moon in the 6th House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by practicality and efficiency. You appreciate polished and well-put-together styles.

Moon in the 7th House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by partnerships and harmony. You seek styles that reflect balance and aesthetic cooperation.

Moon in the 8th House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by intensity and depth. You're drawn to styles that evoke mystery and transformation.

Moon in the 9th House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by adventure and exploration. You enjoy styles that embrace cultural diversity and global influences.

Moon in the 10th House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by professionalism and reputation. You gravitate toward classic and sophisticated styles.

Moon in the 11th House: Unique and avant-garde aesthetic, reflecting your individuality and preference for unconventionality.

Moon in the 12th House: Aesthetic preferences are influenced by spirituality and dreaminess. You're drawn to styles that evoke a sense of fantasy and imagination.

Ascendant Sign: This is more about your outward appearance, it can also influence your aesthetic choices. Your Ascendant sign may guide you toward certain fashion trends or styles that align with your projected image.

Ascendant:

Aries Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through bold and energetic styles. They might opt for edgy looks, sporty attire, and vibrant colors to reflect their confident and adventurous personality.

Taurus Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through comfort and elegance. They tend to gravitate towards high-quality materials, classic silhouettes, and earthy tones that showcase their love for luxury.

Gemini Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through versatility and trends. They're likely to experiment with various styles, mixing and matching clothing items, and staying up-to-date with the latest fashion trends.

Cancer Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through a cozy and nurturing approach. They might prefer soft and flowing fabrics, pastel colors, and styles that evoke a sense of emotional connection.

Leo Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic with a touch of drama and glamour. They enjoy attention-grabbing clothing, bold accessories, and styles that allow them to shine and be the center of attention.

Virgo Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through refined and polished looks. They tend to choose clean lines, well-tailored clothing, and subtle details that showcase their attention to detail.

Libra Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through balance and harmony. They often opt for elegant and tasteful clothing, and they pay attention to color coordination and creating a visually pleasing appearance.

Scorpio Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic with intensity and allure. They might gravitate towards bold and provocative styles, dark colors, and clothing that exudes a sense of mystery.

Sagittarius Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through a free-spirited and adventurous approach. They're drawn to eclectic and global styles, embracing a mix of cultural influences and bold patterns.

Capricorn Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through timeless and sophisticated choices. They prefer classic, well-structured clothing that reflects their professionalism and status-conscious nature.

Aquarius Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic with an avant-garde and unique flair. They might gravitate towards unconventional clothing, quirky accessories, and styles that challenge traditional norms.

Pisces Ascendant: Expresses their aesthetic through dreamy and romantic looks. They prefer soft and flowing fabrics, ethereal colors, and styles that evoke a sense of fantasy and imagination.

Dominant Elements + Modalities: Assess the dominant elements (fire, earth, air, water) and modalities (cardinal, fixed, mutable) in your natal chart. These can give you a general sense of the energies that resonate with you.

Elements:

Fire Signs (Aries, Leo, Sagittarius): People with a dominant Fire element in their chart often prefer bold and energetic aesthetics. They might lean towards vibrant colors, expressive patterns, and styles that showcase their confident and passionate nature.

Earth Signs (Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn): A strong Earth element indicates a preference for practical and grounded aesthetics. These individuals might gravitate towards classic and timeless styles, neutral tones, and comfortable yet stylish clothing.

Air Signs (Gemini, Libra, Aquarius): A dominant Air element suggests a preference for intellectual and communicative aesthetics. They might enjoy clean and well-organized styles, modern designs, and clothing that fosters freedom of movement.

Water Signs (Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces): A strong Water element points to a preference for emotional and intuitive aesthetics. These individuals might be drawn to soft and flowing fabrics, dreamy colors, and styles that evoke a sense of emotion and sensitivity.

Modalities:

There are three modalities in astrology: Cardinal, Fixed, and Mutable. Each modality reflects different approaches to initiating, stabilizing, and adapting energies, which can be mirrored in one's aesthetic choices:

Cardinal Signs (Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn): A dominant Cardinal modality can lead to an aesthetic that's innovative and trendsetting. These individuals might embrace new styles and trends, showing a willingness to experiment and take the lead in fashion choices.

Fixed Signs (Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius): A strong Fixed modality suggests an aesthetic that's stable and consistent. These individuals might lean towards classic pieces, enduring styles, and clothing that reflects their personal taste without necessarily following current trends.

Mutable Signs (Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces): A dominant Mutable modality can result in a versatile and adaptable aesthetic. These individuals might enjoy mixing and matching styles, experimenting with various looks, and being open to a wide range of fashion influences.

For a specified and honed in description for your personal aesthetic, drop your placements in the comments! A part 2 will be available explaining aspects and how your mood, resistance + insecurities, outer world may affect your ability to express your aesthetic

[esoteric-chaos]

A Lesson on Sympathetic Magic

{My post is cross-posted from The Cobalt Athenaeum aka my original post. You can find the server at the bottom of my pinned post.}

Always take my words with a grain of salt and do your own cross-referencing and research on a subject. Never take my words at face value. Self-study is important.

What is Sympathetic Magic?

“Sympathetic magic, also known as imitative magic, is a type of magic based on imitation or correspondence." - Wikipedia

Another example is

“Sympathetic magic is a magical modality that involves symbolically imitating the desired outcome. It may involve acting on a physical representation of a target or creating a physical representation of the outcome or recreating the desired outcome through motion and art. In this way, the practitioner might cause change at a distance in time or space.” - magickalspot.com

Sympathetic Magic Broken Down

Sympathetic Magic might sound difficult but I promise it is not. Let’s have a bit of a history lesson. Sir James George Frasier first outlined the underlying principles of sympathetic magic in his (1890-1915) book The Golden Bough (Ch 3). He explained that it was based on two basic principles which we now call the Law of Similarity and the Law of Contagion or Contact. There was also a book written by Richard Andree called Sympathy-Enchantment which was written in 1882. The idea of some form of sympathetic magic has existed since prehistory.

There has been talk of Ancient Egyptians using sympathetic magic within their rituals, from use of charms and amulets. We can see examples of sympathetic magic in Kemetic practices, some history is never forgotten.

It goes like this:

Principle - Explanation: Examples

Law of Similarity - “Like produces like”: Uses of a poppet to create a direct link to a target for healing, baneful work and other means

Law of Contagion - Objects or beings/things in contact retain a connection: Using a taglock (hair, nails, body fluids) in a spell to influence the target or as a representation of yourself

Law of Correspondence - Symbolic associations create connections: using for example a pink candle for self-love or a black candle for protection or baneful work. This would follow colour magic for theory

Law of Association - Linking two entities establishes a connection: Placing a photo of an ancestor on an ancestor altar or using a photo as a Taglock for a spell

Sympathetic Magic is the correspondence itself within witchcraft practice. It’s the main driving point behind a spell that uses materials. Without mastering sympathetic magic, your spells may not work as intended and may not have the power behind them that you so wish. Even materials in magic sometimes need a taglock of sorts for a spell to be as effective.

Law of Similarity

The Law of Similarity states that things that resemble each other have a connection on a metaphysical level. Examples include a poppet being used to represent an individual, either yourself or someone else. Its similarity to the target. This is what would drive the spellwork, as it would influence the target as intended. This is the basics of the law, the very base of representations in spellwork.

The Law of Contagion or Contact

The Law of Contagion states that things that were once in contact remain connected after separation and that whatever affects one can still affect the other, and whatever energy was in the original remains in the removed. We see this in taglocks, taglocks that were once connected to a being, living or dead. This can be physical taglocks (hair, nails, body fluids) or even a business card this person once possessed or an item of clothing. Alternatively, if you were out of options a name and birthday or a photograph would work fine. In a pinch, you work with what you have.

Types of Sympathetic Magic

Similarity

That of which resembles something that represents or substitutes an object or thing to do with the working. We can look at alchemy in this sense, we would alchemize an ingredient as a substitute. Pomegranates have been seen as a substitute for blood as t’s connected with life/death, vitality and mortality/immortality. It shows this symbolism through myths throughout different cultures and some folklore (ex. vampires). You can thank our Maven Satan for this fun fact so I can look into it further.

Contact

That of which something came in contact with something that can represent an object, thing or person. Examples include taglocks (hair, nails bodily fluids) or even moon/sun water as its rays have “touched” the water, blessing it a certain way. It can be UPG, SPG or VPG.

Imitation

While being close to similarity, it's not quite the same. It involves the act of creating an imitation object. Things like Poppets are great examples of alchemizing an ingredient for a working. The important thing is that it looks like the thing/person you are creating, however, a close imitation works just as fine (alchemy). Correspondence Correspondences are essentially the idea that something can influence another thing because of its relationship or resemblances to said thing. Let's say for example a correspondence to a deity, Roses are seen as a correspondence to the goddess Aphrodite or Keys for Hekate. You can also have something like Peppermint that represents the planet Mercury, as it rules under such. Correspondences can look like colours, plants, minerals and objects. As long as it represents that thing you are working with, it is a correspondence.

Examples of Sympathetic Magic

Practice - Purpose: Example

Poppet Magic - Healing, cursing, influencing, or representing a person: Constructing a doll-like figure and using it as a focus point to a ritual

Mirror Magic - Reflection, divination, or reversing energy: Using mirrors to channel intentions, amplify energy, reflect energy or for scrying

Material Correspondences - Utilizing plants, minerals and colours for their symbolic associations: Selecting specific herbs or flowers from research for their correspondence to include in a spell or working

Charm or Talisman Creation - Protection, luck, or manifestation: Crafting a personal charm or talisman with an intended purpose like protection or invisibility

Sources

Sympathetic magic. (2024, August 25). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_magic

https://magickalspot.com/sympathetic-magic/ (read this source with a grain of salt as it mentions things like voodoo dolls)

https://plentifulearth.com/sympathetic-magic-power-spells/ (again read this source with a grain of salt as it mentions voodoo dolls and other topics that are a bit of a yikes)

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1019/magic-in-ancient-egypt/

Would you be interested in the rest of my posts? Check out the Masterpost.

[schtrawberry]

oh, to dress as your venus sign.ᐟ

[!] featuring my aries venus in the ninth house.

brief description: focusing on the more malefic side of mars in comparison to my previous post. in venus, aries is boyish and energetic— leaning heavily into bright reds to combat various shades of monochromatic blacks, whites, greys, and paler shades.

short hair, short cuts, and an even shorter temper.ᐟ

rather than the vibrant pinks and neons i've mentioned before, this venus in aries uses varying shades of red to cut through dark purples, greys, blacks, and army greens.

felt incredibly inspired by this picture from the musier paris spring 2023 lookbook— the use of grey leather on plain white with the model's very sleek pair of black boots made for such a carefully-monochromatic outfit that allowed for her red hobo bag to absolutely shine through. and the hair! just the perfect amount of short and playful that i associate with venus in this sign.

in this interpretation, venus in aries is a minimalist. yes, there may be a mix of revealing cuts and varying textures of leather and denim, but the colors always speak for themselves. sparkles, crazy patterns, belts, and excessive pieces of jewelry are to be kept at a minimum (but not forgone) in order for the singular addition of red to be the forever star of the show.

leather, cargo, and denim are truly the primary fabrics that bring body to each outfit for this sign— layered on top of cotton or modal to create emphasis for these more structured fabrics.

brands that come to mind: BAPE, maje paris, musier, AMI paris, zadig et voltaire, A.P.C, this piece from the isabel marant spring 2024 collection, jil sander, helmut lang.

brief description: venus in the ninth house is big on travel and expanding their horizon by visiting unfamiliar places. in this house, venus seeks pieces of clothing that make moving easy and comfortable— preferably in muted blues, pinks, greens, and oranges but with a loud pop of red to show their bright, jupiterian spirit.

something to camp in, something outdoorsy, something easy to move in.ᐟ

the ninth house also represents ethics; making this sign highly attracted to fashion brands that make use of eco-friendly fabrics and materials. they have a soft spot for brands that put special effort into ensuring that they are operated in an ethical manner.

colorful knits and sturdy hiking boots as seen in this aries x ROA hiking collaboration! such a perfect blend of comforting knitwear and natural colors to support the rugged life of their dreams.

too keep up with this sign's active spirit, i also envisioned a more boyish and sporty wardrobe and felt particularly inspired by the most recent sporty & rich x adidas collaboration. cotton tees, jersey shorts, and bejeweled sambas that are best for movement and activity!

in terms of jewelry, a charmed anklet first comes to mind. this sign is also a minimalist to, so they would rather put their energy into accessorizing their shoes with charms, bags with trinkets, and beltlines with functional pouches.

more energy moves towards functionality in this sign; with multi-pocketed jackets and pants, compact crossbody bags, and shoes that can be paired with a multitude of outfits.

brands that come to mind: forét (fw24), adidas sambas, aries x ROA collab, thinking mu, AMI paris, sporty & rich, marni, pangaia, comptoir des cotonniers.

[secretlandca]

Shop Luxurious Lingerie and Sleepwear - Discover Secretland's Collection

If you are in need of some sweet pampering or you have to find a gift for someone you love, Secretland provides a stunning range of nightwear, lingerie sleepwear, and underwear. Currently a growing Canadian-based company from Vancouver, Secretland produces quality lingerie from such materials as silk and lace.

For the fitting and cute nightwear, check their collection of camis, babydolls, chemise and teddies. Pretty lace undergarments for her include underwire bras, panties, and bodysuits, which are perfect for bridal wear or wedding anniversary. If you enjoy the wonderful touch of silk on your body, you should definitely buy a silk kimono robe, negligee or pajamas.

Lingerie Sleepwear

Secretland’s range of sleepwear is a span of from the warm fleece to the provocative satin. Wear a loose-fitting, smooth, and comfortable jersey knit nightgown or choose a short satin slip with lace edges if you want to feel seductive. Pajama suits in modal or cotton jersey makes can also be used as leisure wear since they are comfortable.

This is particularly important since every woman needs to have her daily undergarments in her lingerie drawer. That is why Secretland has a lot of options in terms of styles, cuts, and colors. Choose a package of seamless thongs, sexy underwear or hi-cut briefs in basic color. Or go for a burst of color with the latest range of bralettes, boyshorts, and bikinis that come in bright colours and cute prints.

Next time you are in need of new intimate apparel to purchase for yourself or a special lady in your life, do not hesitate to visit Secretland’s online store. They offer free shipping and returns, so you can browse their Canadian brand wearing your comfy clothes. Explore their collection online today and find comfy lingerie, nightwear, and basic undergarments made from exquisite materials. You will see elegant work ideal for bridal showers, honeymoons, anniversary gifts, Valentine’s Day and more. Time to treat yourself!

[wings2fashion]

Loungewear: Your Guide to Ultimate Comfort

Loungewear is more than just clothes to wear around the house; it's a state of mind. It's that feeling of slipping into something soft, cozy, and utterly relaxing after a long day. Loungewear should be comfortable enough for napping, stylish enough for running errands, and versatile enough for unexpected guests. But with so many options available, choosing the right loungewear can be overwhelming. This blog post is your one-stop guide to different types of loungewear for men and women. We'll explore a variety of styles, materials, and brands to help you find the perfect pieces for your laid-back lifestyle.

For the Women: - The Classic Pajama Set: A timeless loungewear option, the pajama set offers comfort and style. Choose from soft cotton sets for ultimate comfort or silky satin sets for a touch of luxury. Opt for fun prints or classic stripes to express your personality. - The Cozy Robe: Wrap yourself in comfort with a luxuriously soft robe. Look for plush fleece robes for chilly days or lightweight cotton robes for warmer weather. - The Leggings and Tee Duo: A casual and comfy combination, leggings and tees are perfect for running errands, working from home, or lounging around. Choose from a variety of materials like cotton, jersey, or modal for the perfect level of comfort and breathability. - The Jogger Set: Joggers have become a loungewear staple for their effortless style and comfort. Pair them with a matching hoodie or a comfy tee for a laid-back look. - The Sweater Dress: A cozy and chic option, the sweater dress is perfect for lounging or running errands. Choose from chunky knits for extra warmth or lightweight knits for layering.

For the Men: - The Comfy Sweatsuit: A classic choice for men, the sweatsuit is perfect for relaxing at home or running errands. Opt for cotton or fleece sets for maximum comfort. - The Henley and Shorts Combo: A casual and summery option, the henley and shorts combo is perfect for lounging by the pool or running errands. Choose from a variety of fabrics and colors to express your style. - The Linen Pants and Tee Duo: A lightweight and breathable option, linen pants and tees are perfect for warmer weather. Linen is naturally wrinkle-resistant, making it a low-maintenance choice for lounging. - The Joggers and Hoodie Set: A comfortable and stylish option, joggers and hoodies are perfect for lounging or running errands. Choose from a variety of materials and colors to find the perfect set for you. - The T-Shirt and Shorts Duo: A classic and casual option, the t-shirt and shorts duo is perfect for lounging at home or running errands. Choose from a variety of fabrics and colors to express your style. Material Matters: The material of your loungewear is essential for both comfort and style. Here are some popular options to consider: - Cotton: Soft, breathable, and naturally hypoallergenic, cotton is a great choice for all-season loungewear. - Fleece: Ideal for colder weather, fleece is soft, warm, and cozy. - Modal: This silky-soft fabric is perfect for warmer weather and offers a luxurious feel. - Linen: Breathable and lightweight, linen is a great choice for summer loungewear. - Silk: Luxurious and elegant, silk is perfect for special occasions or a touch of indulgence. Brands to Love: When it comes to loungewear, there are endless brands to choose from. Here are a few of our favorites: - For Women: Eberjey, Ugg, Natori, Victoria's Secret PINK, Barefoot Dreams - For Men: Vuori, Reigning Champ, Patagonia, Champion, John Lewis & Partners Remember: When choosing loungewear, the most important thing is to find pieces that make you feel comfortable and confident. Don't be afraid to experiment with different styles clothing and materials until you find your perfect fit. Bonus Tip: Add a pair of slippers or fuzzy socks to your loungewear routine for an extra touch of comfort. Read the full article

[earaercircular]

Lyocell, milk fibre and pineapple leather: New textile fibres advertise sustainability. Few can keep their promises

Initiatives are many, the textile industry is in a frenetic state

Polyester causes microplastics, and the natural fibre cotton also has environmental damage in its luggage. No wonder some manufacturers are looking for alternatives. But they can at best be part of the solution.

When someone buries his/her underpants in the garden, it's not necessarily a sign of outlandish or disturbing preferences. It can also be just a slightly more entertaining test of soil quality, which the University of Zurich has even used scientifically. However, most of our clothes would probably emerge from the earth relatively unchanged after a few months, even if the soil in question contains enough beneficial organisms. Because most of our clothes are not biodegradable in the environment - often not even those made of supposedly more sustainable fibres.

“First of all, you have to differentiate between natural fibres that grow on bushes, stalks or trees and are already in fibre form, and man-made fibres,” says Anett Matthäi, who works on sustainable textiles at the engineering faculty of the Hof University of Applied Sciences[1] in Bavaria.

Up until the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, clothing was always made of natural fibres, cotton, linen, wool or silk. Then, at the beginning of the 20th century, the first synthetic fibre was commercially manufactured: wood became viscose. In 1940, nylon was the first completely synthetic fibre to appear on the market. In the 1950s, the first items of clothing made of polyester were found in stores. Today, polyester is by far the most common material for clothing, accounting for 52 percent of global fibre production[2].

Polyester, cotton and viscose are harmful to the environment

Polyester[3], nylon[4], and other man-made fibres like polyamide[5], acrylic[6], and elastane[7] have advantages—they're cheap, and they use relatively little water to make. But their starting material is the finite raw material petroleum. And they contribute to plastic and microplastic pollution when they enter the environment.

And they do that on a significant scale: clothing loses fibres, during manufacture, during wear and during washing; In Switzerland, 650 tons of microplastics from textiles end up in the environment every year. And in countries like Chile or Ghana[8], old clothes collected abroad rot in huge landfills; some of them are washed into the sea. They will not rot in the ground or in salt water. Instead, like other plastic waste, they break down into smaller and smaller particles over time.

The second most important fibre on the market does not have this problem: cotton[9] is a natural fibre and biodegradable. But growing them requires a lot of fertilizer, pesticides and water. An estimated 3,700 or 4,700 litres of water are needed to produce one pair of jeans.

And viscose[10], which is made from renewable raw materials, also has its pitfalls. The cellulose from the wood of beech or eucalyptus is dissolved and the resulting so-called dope is pressed through nozzles to create the fibre. "You can imagine the process as making spaghetti from dough," says Matthäi, "only much finer, and the 'spaghetti' doesn't tear as quickly."

In this process, however, large amounts of toxic carbon disulfide and caustic soda are sometimes used. The same applies to modal, which is also made from cellulose. Bamboo viscose has therefore also fallen into disrepute. At first it was considered particularly sustainable because of the fast and pesticide-free growing raw material.

The production of lyocell does not require any toxic chemicals

Because neither viscose nor polyester nor cotton are really sustainable, manufacturers are looking for alternative fibres. And so there are now clothes made of materials with names like Lyocell[11] or PLA[12], bamboo viscose or soy silk, pineapple leather or milk fibre.[13] A lot of it sounds like nature. But the raw material alone does not make a fibre sustainable.

Lyocell is considered to be comparatively environmentally friendly, and the label often includes the brand name Tencel. It is also a so-called regenerated fiber that is chemically synthesized from renewable raw materials. But unlike classic viscose, the solvent used in lyocell is not toxic.

And lyocell is – just like classic viscose – biodegradable, i.e. it is broken down by microorganisms into CO2, water and minerals. A recently published study showed that this not only works in the garden, but also in the sea.

"Compostable" does not mean "biodegradable"

Scientists hung samples of different textiles in the sea for more than a year. The cotton samples then dissolved – no surprise, even from the cotton underpants buried in the garden only the seams and the elastic band are left after two months if the soil is healthy. The lyocell had also disappeared after months in the sea.

The sample made of PLA, a bioplastic that is also processed into textiles, was almost unchanged. PLA is the abbreviation of Polylactic Acid. It is made from fermented starch from sugar beets or corn, advertised as particularly sustainable and is officially compostable. But that does not mean that it is degraded in the environment.

Because in order to be able to call itself "compostable", the material only has to decompose within three months in an industrial composting plant. In this, however, there are completely different conditions of temperature, humidity and oxygen supply than in the garden - and even more so than in the sea.

“You cannot draw any direct conclusions from results on the compostability of a material as to whether it can also be decomposed by microorganisms in a different environment,” says Matthäi. "The conditions and the composition of the microorganisms are completely different." The study shows that bioplastics also contribute to the littering of the oceans with plastic.[14]

Soy silk, milk fibre and pineapple leather: new fibres have their pitfalls

It might be different with soy silk.[15] According to Matthäi, it is in principle biodegradable, but like viscose, manufacturing processes and chemical additives could impair its degradability. The material is often featured in reports on sustainable clothing, but only a few raw fabrics and yarns are available to knit yourself. According to the information provided, they are made from waste from tofu production in a closed cycle.

While soy silk[16] does not seem to play a role on the market so far, an Austrian underwear manufacturer has released the first models with another new material this spring: milk fibre[17]. It should be very comfortable to wear. How good it is for the environment depends on whether only dairy waste that is no longer suitable for consumption is processed. And it depends on which additives are needed to spin a fibre from the milk protein. However, the underwear manufacturer does not provide this information – and does not provide it later on request either.

Pineapple leather[18] is just one particularly exotic-sounding example of a non-animal and therefore supposedly sustainable alternative to leather. Other manufacturers use cork, mushrooms[19], apples[20], coffee, grapes, cacti or bananas as raw materials. But the naturalness usually doesn't go any further than that. Plastic is always involved, as a carrier material, adhesive or coating, and then often polyurethane[21].

Not all fibres can be recycled

The same applies to all fibres: even if a material is sustainable and biodegradable in itself, this is by no means necessarily the case with the finished garment. "A chemical change caused by dyeing or functionalisation - for example to make the clothing easy to iron or water-repellent - can impair biodegradability," says Matthäi. A small percentage of elastane, which many cotton dresses have, also has this effect.

And recyclability also suffers as a result. Pure natural fibres can be shredded mechanically, and the resulting shorter fibres can be spun again. This is often not possible with synthetics; recycled polyester is not made from reused clothing, but from PET bottles.

It's certainly better than oil, but – contrary to what the advertising suggests – it shouldn't be seen as a solution to the packaging waste problem. All the more so since PET is particularly easy to recycle and should serve better as a raw material for a new bottle than for a fleece jacket.

For Anett Matthäi, all these fibres alone cannot be the solution anyway. There is probably not enough cultivable land to produce the quantities of clothing currently made from polyester with clothing made from fibres from renewable raw materials. "In my opinion, the most important thing is that the consumption of materials is reduced overall," she sums up. Then, she believes, it would also be possible to produce enough materials from renewable raw materials or by recycling waste.

So before you bury your underpants in the garden, you should ask yourself whether you could still wear them for a while.

Source

Esther Widmann, Lyocell, Milchfaser und Ananasleder: Neue Textilfasern werben mit Nachhaltigkeit. Ihre Versprechen halten können die wenigsten, in Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 29-08-2023, https://www.nzz.ch/wissenschaftnachhaltige-textilfasern-wie-gut-sind-lyocell-co-wirklich-ld.1745536

[1] Hof University, German: Hochschule Hof, full name Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hof, is a public non-profit business, media and technical vocational university founded in 1994 in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.

[2] Read also: https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/725160672165543936/scientists-develop-simple-way-to-recycle-polyester?source=share

[3] Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in every repeat unit of their main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly refers to a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include naturally occurring chemicals, such as in plants and insects, as well as synthetics such as polybutyrate. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. Synthetic polyesters are used extensively in clothing.

[4] Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers composed of polyamides (repeating units linked by amide links). Nylon is a silk-like thermoplastic, generally made from petroleum, that can be melt-processed into fibers, films, or shapes]: 2  Nylon polymers can be mixed with a wide variety of additives to achieve many property variations. Nylon polymers have found significant commercial applications in fabric and fibers (apparel, flooring and rubber reinforcement), in shapes (molded parts for cars, electrical equipment, etc.), and in films (mostly for food packaging)

[5] A polyamide is a polymer with repeating units linked by amide bonds. Polyamides occur both naturally and artificially. Examples of naturally occurring polyamides are proteins, such as wool and silk. Artificially made polyamides can be made through step-growth polymerization or solid-phase synthesis yielding materials such as nylons, aramids, and sodium polyaspartate. Synthetic polyamides are commonly used in textiles, automotive industry, carpets, kitchen utensils and sportswear due to their high durability and strength. The transportation manufacturing industry is the major consumer, accounting for 35% of polyamide (PA) consumption

[6] Acrylic fabric is made with plastic threads. The plastic threads are made of a manmade polymer fiber created from fossil fuels through a chemical process. Acrylic fabric is made in a way similar to the production of polyamide fabric (or nylon fabric) and polyester fabric.

[7] Spandex, Lycra, or elastane is a synthetic fibre known for its exceptional elasticity. It is a polyether-polyurea copolymer that was invented in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont.

[8] Read also: https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/720260226679488512/hms-answer-about-the-dumped-clothes-article?source=share

[9] Read also https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/715379082096951296/the-type-of-cotton-matters-betting-on-more?source=share

[10] Rayon is a semi-synthetic fiber, made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. It is also called viscose. Many types and grades of viscose fibers and films exist. Some imitate the feel and texture of natural fibers such as silk, wool, cotton, and linen. The types that resemble silk are often called artificial silk.

[11] Lyocell is a semi-synthetic fiber used to make textiles for clothing and other purposes. It is a form of regenerated cellulose made by dissolving pulp and dry jet-wet spinning. Unlike rayon made by some of the more common viscose processes, Lyocell production does not use carbon disulfide, which is toxic to workers and the environment. Lyocell was originally trademarked as Tencel in 1982.

[12] Polylactic acid, also known as polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA), is a thermoplastic polyester.

[13] Read also: https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/721296904220196864/joline-jolink-makes-biodegradable-fashion?source=share

[14] Read also: https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/656486012918333440/fashion-brands-are-diving-into-ocean-plastic-but?source=share

[15] With the softness of silk, soy fabric or “vegetable cashmere” is one of the world’s most eco-friendly fabrics. Produced using soy protein derived from the hulls of soybeans, this intriguing textile takes a waste product and transforms it into a usable textile with minimal use of toxic chemicals and limited processing. Soy fabric has excellent drape, and it is highly elastic. While this textile dyes well, colors sometimes bleed during the first few washings. Though reasonably prone to pilling, soy fabric does not wrinkle, and it doesn’t shrink. https://sewport.com/fabrics-directory/soy-fabric

[16] Soy silk has similar properties to animal silk: it has a smooth, soft structure, a shimmering shine, it is temperature regulating has high moisture absorption. Unlike conventional silk, it hardly creases and is completely biodegradable… https://www.glore.de/Materiallexikon/Sojaseide/

[17] Milk protein fibers are synthetic fibers made from the milk protein casein. In 2011, the new fiber made headlines as a particularly ecological alternative to cotton. Casein fibers have been known since the 1930s. Designer Anke Domaske developed the new milk fiber Qmilk together with the Fiber Institute Bremen. For the production, casein powder is heated together with other natural ingredients and drawn into threads through a nozzle. Only 2 liters of water are needed to produce 1 kg of milk fibre. On the other hand, in the production of cotton textiles, 10,000-25,000 liters are used for 1 kg of fabric. Every year in Germany alone, 1.9 million tons of milk have to be disposed of because it is no longer suitable for consumption. It still contains valuable ingredients and offers great potential for technical purposes. https://www.glore.de/Materiallexikon/Milchfaser/

[18] Piñatex is a non-biodegradable leather alternative made from cellulose fibres extracted from pineapple leaves, PLA (polylactic acid), and petroleum-based resin. Piñatex was developed by Dr Carmen Hijosa and first presented at the PhD graduate exhibition at the Royal College of Art, London. Piñatex is manufactured and distributed by Hijosa's company Ananas Anam Ltd.

[19] Read also: https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/667314088734507008/mushrooms-as-raw-material-for-leather-accessories?source=share

[20] Read alsop: https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/677442405046321152/we-make-a-sneaker-out-of-apples?source=share

[21] Polyurethane refers to a class of polymers composed of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. In contrast to other common polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene, polyurethane is produced from a wide range of starting materials. This chemical variety produces polyurethanes with different chemical structures leading to many different applications. These include rigid and flexible foams, and coatings, adhesives, electrical potting compounds, and fibres such as spandex and polyurethane laminate (PUL). Foams are the largest application accounting for 67% of all polyurethane produced in 2016.

[infomatize]

Sustainable Fashion Revolution: The Ultimate Guide to Dress Responsibly and Look Fabulous in 2023

Introduction

Sustainable fashion has gained significant attention in recent years, as consumers and brands alike are becoming more aware of the negative impact of the fashion industry on the environment and society. Sustainable fashion refers to the production, use, and disposal of clothing items in an environmentally responsible and socially conscious manner. Here are some key takeaways from the provided web search results regarding sustainable fashion and how it can help us dress responsibly in 2023: - Sustainable fashion is an emerging trend in the fashion industry, but progress remains slow . - Creating a greener wardrobe is a simple step towards sustainability. It involves taking stock of your existing wardrobe, choosing sustainable fabrics, and supporting sustainable brands . - Sustainable fashion brands use natural or recycled fabrics that require less or no chemical treatment, less water, and less energy. Some of the most sustainable fabrics include linen, hemp, organic cotton, and Tencel . - There are several sustainable fashion brands that offer stylish and environmentally friendly clothing options. These brands source upcycled fabrics and eco-minded materials for their clothing, and prioritize ethically sourced and sustainable materials and working conditions. Some of the top sustainable fashion brands include Christy Dawn, Reformation, Cuyana, Amour Vert, Whimsy + Row, and Mara Hoffman . - Sustainable fashion is a key step towards dismantling the fast fashion industry, which is responsible for more greenhouse gas emissions than the shipping and aviation industries combined . - Sustainable fashion is also gaining traction among consumers. A 2020 report on sustainability in fashion found that 67% of shoppers now consider environmentally friendly fabrics when choosing a brand . - The fashion industry is taking steps towards sustainability, such as Copenhagen Fashion Week's sustainability requirements for participating designers, with the goal of setting a new industry standard . In conclusion, sustainable fashion is a key aspect of dressing responsibly in 2023. By choosing sustainable fabrics, supporting sustainable brands, and taking steps towards a greener wardrobe, we can contribute to a more environmentally friendly and socially conscious fashion industry.

Sustainable Materials for Fashion

Sustainable fashion has gained increasing attention in recent years due to the negative environmental impact of the fashion industry. Several sustainable materials can be used in a fashion that minimizes waste, reduces carbon emissions, and conserves natural resources. Some of the most commonly used sustainable materials in fashion include organic cotton, recycled cotton, hemp, linen, bamboo, cork, ECONYL® recycled polyester, Lyocell, Modal, ECOVERO™, Piñatex, and Bananatex® . The fashion industry's conventional raw materials sourcing has contributed significantly to the planet's declining health, including petroleum refining for polyester, water contamination and depletion, soil degradation, and deforestation for industrial cotton and viscose production. Consequently, the industry is turning to sustainable materials that prioritize the environment and promote ethical practices in production. Polyester, which accounts for approximately 65% of all clothing, is produced from fossil fuels and consumes 70 million barrels of oil annually, causing significant pollution to the environment. Similarly, the fashion industry uses considerable amounts of fossil fuel-based plastic for packaging and hangers. Less than one per cent of clothing is recycled to make new clothes, which contributes to significant waste generation in the industry . Wool is another sustainable fabric that can be produced sustainably, depending on how it's made. Climate Beneficial™ Wool produced on carbon farming landscapes captures carbon and puts it back into the soil. Wool is also compostable, insulating, and does not shed plastic microfibers . Several sustainable materials are emerging, and luxury brands are turning to them to respond to customer demand for greener textiles. Examples include mushroom leather and pineapple fabric, which are gaining popularity and could play a significant role in sustainable fashion in the future . Several sustainable fashion brands prioritize using sustainable materials in their production, including Outerknown, which sources 90% of its fibres from sustainable materials such as recycled mango fruit, organic cotton, recycled Polyurethane (PU) leftovers, and environmentally-certified leather. Similarly, Reformation, based in Los Angeles, uses upcycled sneakers made of sustainable materials such as recycled mango fruit, organic cotton, recycled Polyurethane (PU) leftovers, and environmentally-certified leather. . Other sustainable materials include linen and hemp, which were commonly used in clothing in the past. Hemp is three times stronger than cotton, UV-resistant, durable, breathable, and can be grown without fertilizer or pesticides. It also requires less water to grow compared to cotton . Recycled plastic bottles are also a sustainable material used in fashion production, and they are being adopted by many designers due to their eco-friendliness . In conclusion, several sustainable materials are available for use in fashion production, ranging from organic and recycled cotton, hemp, linen, and bamboo to mushroom leather and pineapple fabric. Sustainable fashion brands prioritize The Rise of Recycled Materials in Sustainable Fashion Sustainable fashion has become a growing trend in the fashion industry, and the use of recycled materials is one of the ways that fashion brands are becoming more eco-friendly. Recycled materials, such as organic cotton, hemp, and linen, are being used in fashion lines to reduce waste and carbon emissions. Some fashion brands are even implementing compostable packaging and branding to further reduce their environmental footprint . The use of recycled materials in sustainable fashion is not only beneficial to the environment but it can also be implemented through fair labour practices, such as the Maasai beadwork. Additionally, upcycling, a process that transforms waste and byproducts of manufacturing into new products, has gained popularity in the fashion industry. Designers like Ancuta Sarcas have even started upcycling discarded Nike shoes and high-waste materials like mesh to create unique fashion pieces . The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the demand for eco-friendly fashion. Fashion brands, manufacturers, and traders are looking at more sustainable approaches to meet the market demand for products meeting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria. Carbon emissions reduction is also one of the targets of global efforts to promote sustainable economic development . Overall, recycled materials are becoming increasingly prevalent in a sustainable fashion as designers and brands look for ways to reduce waste and carbon emissions while still producing stylish and unique fashion pieces. Organic Cotton: The Benefits for the Environment and Your Wardrobe Organic cotton is cotton grown without the use of synthetic chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It offers various benefits to the environment and to the people wearing the clothes made from it. One of the most significant benefits of organic cotton is that it requires much less water to grow compared to conventional cotton. The farming process used in organic cotton production relies on rainwater for about 80% of its needs, resulting in approximately 71% less water used overall . Additionally, organic cotton cultivation methods avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers, which can lead to soil degradation and pollution of water sources, ultimately helping to prevent water contamination . Furthermore, organic cotton production methods play a role in mitigating climate change by avoiding the use of synthetic chemicals, reducing energy consumption, and sequestering carbon more efficiently in healthier soils . As such, it has been established that organic cotton cultivation has significant environmental benefits, such as promoting biodiversity, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and helping to prevent soil erosion and degradation . Aside from its environmental benefits, organic cotton is also better for the farmers who grow it. They are not exposed to harmful chemicals that can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory issues and cancer . Moreover, organic cotton is also softer and less likely to cause irritation than conventional cotton, making it a better choice for those with sensitive skin . In summary, the benefits of organic cotton are numerous, and it is an excellent choice for those looking to reduce their impact on the environment while also supporting the health and well-being of farmers and consumers. The Future of Sustainable Textiles: Innovations and Breakthroughs Sustainable textiles are becoming increasingly important in the fashion industry. Several recent developments suggest that innovative and groundbreaking new textiles are on the horizon. Researchers at MIT are exploring the intersection of textile research and sustainable materials, seeking potential synergies that could advance the field . McKinsey and Company predict that there will be significant growth in sustainable fashion consumption, particularly in products made from more sustainable materials such as organic cotton . Science Daily reports on new textiles that can change shape when heated, potentially offering designers a wide range of new options for responsive and adjustable aesthetics . Drapers Online covers a variety of textile innovations, offering insights into the latest developments in the industry . Finally, the European Commission has launched a roadmap for the future of sustainable textiles in the EU, outlining efforts to increase the circularity of the fashion ecosystem . With these developments and more, it seems clear that sustainable textiles are an area of rapid innovation and growth, and we can expect exciting breakthroughs in the near future.

The Circular Fashion Movement

The Circular Fashion Movement is a growing global trend in the fashion industry that aims to promote sustainable and responsible production and consumption of clothing while reducing the negative impact of the fast fashion industry on the environment and society. Circular fashion involves designing, producing, and using clothes that are meant to be used and circulated responsibly and effectively for as long as possible, and then safely decomposed or repurposed when they are no longer of use to humans . The movement has gained significant momentum in recent years, with numerous fashion brands and organizations committing to circularity commitments and initiatives, such as take-back and resale programs, upcycling, and closed-loop production systems . The Circular Fashion Pledge is a simple concept that asks fashion brands to pledge to one or more circularity commitments by the end of the calendar year, such as enabling take-back or resale programs . Circular fashion has been identified as a key solution to the environmental and social challenges posed by the fast fashion industry, including waste, pollution, exploitation of labour, and depletion of resources . The movement has also gained significant attention and support from sustainability experts and advocates, who believe that it can help to create a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable fashion industry that benefits both people and the planet. Overall, the Circular Fashion Movement represents a growing global trend towards more sustainable and responsible fashion production and consumption and has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach clothing and fashion in the future. Understanding Circular Fashion: What It Is and Why It Matters Circular fashion is a concept that has emerged from the intersection of the circular economy and sustainable and ethical fashion . Essentially, it refers to a system in which all garments can be reused, recycled, or returned to the earth (by virtue of being biodegradable or compostable), reducing the hugely damaging impact the fashion industry has on the planet . In other words, products are designed and developed with the next use in mind, with the aim of keeping resources in use for as long as possible and minimizing waste . The fashion industry has long been known for its negative impact on the environment, including the strain on natural resources, the vast amount of CO2 emissions it produces, and the giant heaps of clothing that end up in landfills . Circular fashion is one solution to this problem, as it aims to reduce the harmful impact of fast fashion by circulating and reusing articles for as long as possible before decomposing them safely . Circular fashion also means using sustainable and natural materials in production, such as organic cotton, bamboo, and Tencel, and avoiding synthetic and plastic fabrics like polyester and nylon derived from fossil fuels . Additionally, the production and transport of items should be powered by renewable energy sources . In summary, circular fashion is a sustainable and ethical approach to fashion that aims to reduce waste and minimize the harmful impact of the industry on the environment. It involves reusing, recycling, and upcycling as much as possible, using sustainable and natural materials, and powering production and transport with renewable energy sources . From Cradle to Cradle: The Principles of Circular Fashion Design Circular fashion design principles are heavily influenced by the cradle-to-cradle (C2C) approach, which is a design framework for creating products that mimic natural systems and support the circular economy. The C2C approach promotes the high-quality use and circulation of biological and technical nutrients, protecting and enriching ecosystems while enabling economic productivity . The aim of the C2C approach is to optimize products from the molecular to modular level and establish these principles in all industry sectors, including the textile industry, consumables, buildings, automotive, packaging, and cosmetics . Circular fashion design principles follow the four principles of the circular economy: preservation of natural capital, optimization of available resources, risk reduction, and renewable flow of resources and products . The principles of circular fashion design also emphasize the importance of planning the entire lifecycle of a product at the design stage, incorporating aspects such as sustainable materials, biodegradability, recyclability, and durability. Circular fashion aims to eliminate waste, pollution and the negative environmental impact of the fashion industry, by designing products for reuse, recycling, and composting . Closing the Loop: How Brands are Embracing Circular Fashion Circular fashion refers to a closed-loop system that rethinks and redesigns the way products are made, used, and discarded to reduce waste and promote sustainability. Many fashion and luxury companies, including LVMH, Kering, H&M, VF Corp, and Gap, have embraced circularity as a way to reduce their environmental footprint . A fully closed-loop apparel recycling system in California could achieve a total holistic impact of $11 billion to $13 billion a year, based on the estimate of the total holistic impact of approximately $5.5 billion to $6.5 billion from closed-loop recycling of polyester, which represents a significant portion of textile production . In order to combat unethical practices in the fashion and textile industry, the industry must embrace a closed-loop system, rethinking and redesigning the way products are made, used, and discarded . Many fashion brands are now working towards closing the loop on waste and promoting circular design, such as Loop Swim, a brand that transforms post-consumer plastic bottles into sun-protective swimwear . In February 2022, Reformation launched RefRecycling, a program that allows customers to return any well-worn Ref goods to the company to be recycled, thus promoting circular fashion and reducing waste .

Ethical and Slow Fashion

Ethical and slow fashion are two related concepts that are gaining more attention in the fashion industry. While they share some similarities, they also have distinct differences. Ethical fashion focuses on ensuring fair treatment of workers throughout the supply chain, from safe working conditions to fair wages and eliminating child and slave labour . It also considers the treatment of animals, making sure that the materials used in clothing production are cruelty-free . On the other hand, slow fashion is about producing high-quality, timeless clothing that is sustainable and environmentally friendly . Slow fashion leans into sustainable practices, such as using eco-friendly materials and minimizing waste . Both ethical and slow fashion is countercultural, going against the current societal norms that prioritize fast and cheap production over ethical and sustainable practices. Hallmarks of slow fashion include longer production timetables, fewer items produced, and more ethical labour practices, with an emphasis on creating timeless pieces that will stand the test of time . In summary, ethical fashion is focused on the fair treatment of workers and animals throughout the supply chain, while slow fashion is about sustainable and timeless clothing production. Both concepts are aimed at creating a more sustainable and ethical fashion industry, challenging the norm of fast and cheap fashion production. Slow Fashion: The Antidote to Fast Fashion Slow Fashion is an approach to clothing production that takes into account all aspects of the supply chain, including the environmental and social impact, as well as animal welfare. It aims to create sustainable, ethical, and high-quality garments, produced on a smaller scale with more eco-conscious materials and locally manufactured to reduce transportation and promote fair wages for workers . In contrast to fast fashion, where clothing is produced quickly and cheaply with a focus on trends and low prices, slow fashion considers the long-term impact of the production process and encourages consumers to value quality over quantity . If you're interested in adopting slow fashion practices, here are a few tips to get started: - Have a clear-out of your closet and donate or sell the clothes you don't wear anymore to avoid cluttering and promote the use of existing garments . - Buy clothes made from sustainable and eco-friendly materials such as organic cotton, recycled fabrics, or biodegradable fibres . - Choose locally-produced garments to support your community and reduce the environmental impact of transportation . Read the full article

[dataproviderindia]

Textile Manufacturers in India [Top Companies]

1. Loyal Group: Started by South Indian visionary industrialist Karumuttu Thiagarajan Chettiar, the initial credentials of this mill were a spinning and weaving mill, which used old machines and retrenched labour.

Loyal Group comprises of four spinning mills, two weaving units, one knitting unit, one dyeing house, seven garment manufacturing units, one trading cum retail company and a joint venture trading company in Italy.

Being one of the top garment manufacturers, it has an unwavering obsession with quality.

The major subsidiaries are Loyal IRV Textiles, Loyal International Sourcing Private Limited and Sri Chintamani Textile Mills Limited.

Original Source: https://knowledgekablog.wixsite.com/knowledgekablog/post/textile-manufacturers-in-india-top-companies

2. Mandhana Industries: It is headquartered in Mumbai and has various manufacturing units located in various locations like Tarapur, Bengaluru and Baramati.

It is an integrated textile and apparel company with a global presence across a number of fashion brands.

With state-of-the-art designs, statistical quality control techniques, superior technology and marketing capabilities, it has become a pioneer in the modern textile revolution.

The company is capable of yarn dyeing, printing, processing, designing and garment manufacturing.

3. Bombay Rayon Fashions Ltd.: It is India's largest shirt manufacturing company.

It manufactures a wide range of fabrics, including cotton, polyester, tencel, modal, lycra, wool and various blends. Yarn-dyed fabrics, printing techniques, finishing, processing, knitting and stitching, all combine to make it a complete package of textile engineering.

With manufacturing facilities of 100 million metres per annum, garment manufacturing facilities of 60 million pieces per annum which is being expanded to 90 million pieces per annum, it has made its presence felt in the global market.

4. Nahar Group of Companies: Started as a small woollen spinning machine and hosiery manufacturer, the group has grown to become a leading textile giant in Northern India. The group now represents Oswal Woollen Mills Ltd., Nahar Spinning Mills Ltd., Monte Carlo Fashions Ltd., Cotton County Retail Ltd. and others.

Currently, the group is responsible for the production of the following materials:

Woollen products such as pullovers, cardigans, shirts, coats, baby suits, mufflers, shawls, blankets, woollen knits

Cotton/blended/knitted hosiery, pullovers, t-shirts, baby suits, ladies tops, winter thermals, tracksuits, jackets, hoodies

All types of yarns such as woollen, woollen blended, cotton, polyester-cotton, other blends, compact yarns, mercerised gassed yarns, organic cotton yarns

Knitted fabric for shirts, trousers and denim.

5. Rupa & Co. Ltd.: It is one of the largest knitwear companies in India. It was founded by the Agarwal brothers as Binod Hosiery. There are many brands under the family like Frontline, Softline, Softline Leggings, Euro, Bumchums, Torido, Thermocot, Macroman, Frontline, John. Rupa family supplies many products such as

Men's Clothing: Vests, Briefs, Drawers, Bermudas, Capris, T-shirts, Loungewear, Boxer Shorts and Sleepwear.

Women's Clothing: Bras, Panties, Camisoles and Leggings.

Children's Clothing: Baba suits, Bloomers and slips for infants/toddlers, Lounge-wear, Bermudas and T-shirts.

Winter Clothing: Many thermal clothing for both men and women.

Clothing and Us:

Along with the evolution of mankind, human needs have also changed accordingly. There was a time when we desperately needed clothes to protect us from heat, cold, rain and storms. In the medieval times, it became an essential item of dignity for some and luxury for very few. Now, it is limited to comfort, design, style and fashion. But be it any era or civilization, clothes have always represented personality, culture and tradition. And, textile manufacturers have always tried their best to meet the needs and demands of the people in India.

Note: Choose 77Data as your data provider company in India. Get all types of industry and business data at best price. Download data list in just one click, given below.

manufacturing company list in india | pune manufacturing company list | company list in gurgaon

[banarjeenikita]

Trendy Custom T-Shirt Designs: What Manufacturers Can Offer for Fashion Brands

The fashion industry is constantly evolving, and custom t-shirts remain a staple for brands looking to make a statement. With advancements in fabric technology, printing techniques, and sustainable production, Custom T Shirt Manufacturers play a crucial role in helping fashion brands create trendy, high-quality apparel.

From streetwear to luxury fashion, custom t-shirts serve as a versatile canvas for innovative designs. Whether a brand is launching a new collection or creating exclusive limited-edition prints, working with the right manufacturer can make all the difference. This article explores the latest trends in custom t-shirt design and what manufacturers can offer to fashion brands.

1. Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Custom T-Shirts

Sustainability is a major trend in the fashion industry. Consumers are becoming more conscious of environmental impact, and brands are responding by prioritizing eco-friendly materials and ethical production methods.

How Custom T Shirt Manufacturers Support Sustainability

Organic Cotton and Bamboo Fabric: Many manufacturers offer sustainable fabric choices like organic cotton, bamboo blends, and hemp. These materials are biodegradable and reduce environmental footprint.

Water-Based and Plant-Based Inks: Instead of traditional chemical dyes, manufacturers now provide non-toxic, eco-friendly printing solutions that align with sustainable fashion goals.

Recycled Fabrics: Some brands are choosing recycled polyester or upcycled cotton for their custom t-shirts to promote a circular economy in fashion.

By offering sustainable manufacturing options, Custom T Shirt Manufacturers enable fashion brands to align with consumer preferences for environmentally responsible clothing.

2. Vintage and Retro-Inspired Graphics

The nostalgia trend continues to dominate the fashion world, with vintage-inspired prints making a strong comeback.

Popular Retro Design Styles for Custom T-Shirts

Washed-Out and Distressed Prints: Manufacturers offer printing techniques that create a faded, vintage look, giving t-shirts a worn-in, classic appeal.

Throwback Logos and Typography: 90s-style bold graphics, neon colors, and handwritten fonts are popular among brands tapping into retro aesthetics.

Tie-Dye and Psychedelic Prints: Custom t-shirt manufacturers provide pre-dyed fabrics or all-over digital printing for psychedelic, colorful designs that define the vintage trend.

For brands looking to capitalize on nostalgia, Custom T Shirt Manufacturers offer specialized printing processes to achieve authentic vintage aesthetics.

3. Minimalist and Monochrome Designs

Minimalism remains a key trend in modern fashion. Many high-end and streetwear brands prefer clean, understated designs that emphasize quality over complexity.

How Manufacturers Support Minimalist T-Shirt Trends

Embossed and Raised Printing: Techniques like puff printing, high-density screen printing, and embroidery create subtle yet high-end visual effects.

Premium Fabrics: Soft-touch cotton blends, modal, and Tencel enhance the minimalist look by providing a luxurious feel.

Matte and Monochrome Colors: Manufacturers provide custom-dyed fabrics in muted tones like beige, olive, and pastel shades for a sleek aesthetic.

Minimalist custom t-shirts appeal to fashion brands that prioritize timeless, versatile apparel over trend-driven designs.

4. Oversized and Streetwear-Inspired Custom T-Shirts

Oversized silhouettes continue to dominate streetwear fashion, blending comfort with bold design elements.

Key Features Offered by Custom T Shirt Manufacturers

Custom Fits and Cuts: Manufacturers offer drop-shoulder styles, extended-length tees, and boxy fits for streetwear brands.

Heavyweight Fabric Options: Streetwear t-shirts often use thicker, high-GSM cotton blends to achieve structure and durability.

Bold Graphic Printing: Techniques like screen printing, vinyl heat transfers, and DTG (Direct-to-Garment) printing bring intricate streetwear designs to life.

For brands targeting urban fashion markets, partnering with a manufacturer that specializes in oversized silhouettes and high-quality printing is essential.

5. Customization and Personalization Options

Fashion brands are increasingly offering limited-edition and customizable t-shirts to create exclusivity and engagement with customers.

Advanced Customization Techniques by Manufacturers

On-Demand Digital Printing: Some manufacturers use print-on-demand (POD) services, allowing brands to create unique designs for each customer.

Interactive Elements: QR codes, augmented reality (AR) designs, and custom name prints add a tech-driven edge to fashion collections.

Patches and Embroidery: Adding sewn-in patches, labels, or chain-stitch embroidery enhances customization while maintaining a premium feel.

This level of personalization allows brands to offer one-of-a-kind apparel that stands out in a crowded market.

6. Neon, Metallic, and Glow-in-the-Dark Effects

Experimental fashion is gaining popularity, and many brands are exploring bold and futuristic design elements for their custom t-shirts.

Specialty Printing and Fabric Options

Metallic Foil Printing: Gives a reflective, high-shine effect on text or logos.

Glow-in-the-Dark Inks: Perfect for streetwear brands and festival fashion, adding an eye-catching nighttime element.

Holographic and UV-Reactive Prints: Some manufacturers offer photochromic (UV-reactive) inks, where designs change color under sunlight.

With these high-impact visual effects, manufacturers help brands push the boundaries of fashion innovation.

7. Ethical and Local Production Trends

Consumers are becoming more conscious of fair labor practices and ethical sourcing. Many brands now prefer locally manufactured custom t-shirts to ensure transparency in their supply chain.

How Manufacturers Support Ethical Fashion

Fair Trade Certified Factories: Brands can partner with manufacturers that ensure fair wages and ethical working conditions.

Made-in-the-Country Branding: Localized production allows brands to promote their apparel as “Made in USA,” “Made in Italy,” or “Made in India.”

Low-Waste Manufacturing: Some manufacturers use zero-waste cutting techniques to reduce fabric waste.

This shift toward ethical manufacturing is not just a trend—it’s becoming a key selling point for modern fashion brands.

Conclusion

The demand for trendy custom t-shirt designs continues to grow, and Custom T Shirt Manufacturers play a critical role in helping fashion brands stay ahead of the competition. Whether it’s through sustainable materials, cutting-edge printing techniques, streetwear-inspired silhouettes, or high-tech customization, the right manufacturer can turn creative visions into reality.

For brands looking to make an impact in the fashion industry, working with a custom t-shirt manufacturer that offers trend-driven solutions is essential for staying relevant in an ever-evolving market. By choosing the right materials, prints, and production techniques, fashion brands can create unique, high-quality apparel that resonates with modern consumers.

[cleverhottubmiracle]

Today, modal fabric is used as a sustainable and vegan silk alternative. For many brands that want to offer more affordable, sustainable options to their customers - modal fabric makes that possible without compromising a luxurious look and feel. But, there is a secret to substituting modal for silk. And, it’s understanding that not all modals are the same. Don’t worry, I am going to give you the cheat code. Let’s start from the beginning - what is modal fabric? And what is the material used in? BUT BEFORE WE GET STARTED... I love helping startup brand founders succeed, so I created a bunch of free guides that will help you with your business. They won’t be free forever, so make sure to grab them while you can. WHAT YOU’LL LEARN What is modal fiber? Evolution of rayons and the invention of modal How is modal fabric made? Properties of modal fabrics  stretch feel shrinkage absorbency wrinkle hot and cold weather Washing and care instructions Should you use modal in your clothing line?  4 pros of modal 3 cons of modal This or that? Viscose vs modal Tencel vs modal Modal vs cotton Modal vs polyester Is the Lenzing modal better?  Is modal really sustainable?  Where to buy modal fabric Additional fiber resources  NO TIME TO READ? CHECK OUT THIS 60 SECOND SLIDE DECK    WHAT IS MODAL FIBER FIBER VS. FABRIC  All fabrics are made up of fibers.  Fibers are single strands about the width of a human hair. These fibers can be natural like cotton and silk, or man-made like modal and Tencel. The fibers are then spun together into a yarn. And from there the yarns are combined to form a fabric through weaving or knitting.  Modal is a fiber. And modal fibers make up a modal fabric.  You can have modal knit fabrics and modal woven fabrics. Think of it this way, modal is like eggs. An egg is an egg. But with that egg you can make all sorts of dishes - scrambled eggs, an omelet, poached, etc. That’s exactly the relationship between fibers and fabrics. MODAL VS RAYON But, modal fiber is also a type of rayon.   Confusing right? Rayon is the umbrella term for different man made semi-synthetic fibers that are made out of cellulose (plant material). Other types of rayon include Tencel, Lyocell, Viscose, and Bamboo fabric. Another term for rayon fibers is regenerated cellulosic fiber (not to be confused with regenerative farming, which is a totally different thing). HISTORY AND INVENTION OF MODAL FABRIC Fiber science is an evolution. It is constantly changing, especially today with new technologies and variations being discovered regularly. Modal is an extension of that evolution.  First came the invention of viscose, which was then improved, and modal was invented. Modal fabric is considered second-generation viscose (Tencel and lyocell are third-generation).  While many people think of viscose as an alternative to cotton, it was actually invented by French scientist Hilaire de Chardonnet as an alternative to silk. The first viscose was extremely flammable and had to be recalled from the market because it was just too dangerous. This led to the German Bemberg Company developing a less flammable and more consumer-friendly variation. While the Bemberg Company just wanted to make something that wouldn’t explode into flames while cooking breakfast, the inventors of modal (in Japan in 1951) set out to create a more sustainable option.  HOW IS MODAL FIBER MADE? The scientific process. Yea, this might be a bit boring. I mean, we are here for fashion, not science, right? But, understanding this process will help you understand the sustainable advances in modal rayon, as well as some greenwashing to avoid. So, bear with me. Step 1 – Gathering Cellulose What is modal fabric made out of?  In modal, the source of the cellulose (plant material) is beech trees. The reason beech trees were chosen for modal is because they propagate easily. Meaning, they are very easy to grow. Theoretically, you can take a branch from a birch tree, stick it in the ground, and grow another one. And, birch trees also grow very quickly – they don’t take the centuries that great oaks take. This makes birch an ideal sustainable source of cellulose. It can be regrown easily and quickly, preventing deforestation from tropical rainforest areas.  Step 2 - The Wood Pulp Breakdown This part of the production process is not so earth friendly. In this step, the wood pulp is broken down. First into tiny wood chips, then into a liquid with the help of some pretty harsh chemicals - sodium hydroxide used. Step 3 - Liquid Modal More chemicals - carbon disulfate - is added to make a liquid modal fiber. And a chemical reaction takes place to create and orange substance called sodium cellulose xanthate.  We'll get more into all the chemicals used in a little bit. Step 4 - Extrusion The liquid modal fiber is then pushed through a spinneret, something that looks like a mini shower head, into another chemical solution - this time sulfuric acid. This causes the orange chemical solution to solidify, creating fibers. Step 5 - Repeat Then, the process is repeated with some of the waste. Modal was the first fiber to attempt a closed-loop model. Meaning, the waste of the process could go back into the system to make more of the fiber.  Modal is not a perfect closed-loop system; while some waste produced can go back into the system, not all of it can. That is why modal production is often referred to as a semi-closed loop system.  While this is much more environmentally friendly than traditional viscose, third-generation lyocell was able to completely close the loop, making an even more sustainable product. WHERE IS MODAL FABRIC MADE? Modal fabric is made all over the world, but production hubs are located in Austria, China, and even the United States. MODAL FABRIC PROPERTIES What does modal fabric feel like? Is modal fabric stretchy? Modal fibers on their own are not very stretchy. But, you can make them stretchy through fabric construction. Knit fabrics tend to have a lot of natural engineered stretch in them. So a knit modal fabric, compared to a woven modal fabric will be more stretchy.  If more stretch is needed then it is possible through fabric design - elastic, spandex, or lycra which are fibers with natural stretch in them, can be added. How does modal fabric feel? Modal fabric manufactured from beech trees feels similar to silk or synthetic bamboo fabric. It is slick, shiny, and tends to have a cooler feel.  Does modal fabric shrink? Modal fibers are very stable and tend not to shrink. But (And, this is a big ‘but’) just because a fiber does not shrink that does not mean a fabric won’t.  When fabrics are knit or woven into textiles the yarns that make them are stretched. After the textiles come off the machines, they relax a little, meaning they shrink a little. Then, when water is added (think washing), they relax even more, and shrink even more. Knit fabrics (mentioned above for their stretch), tend to shrink a lot when washed for the first time.  So, be careful. Just because modal itself does not shrink, that does not mean your shirt won't. Is modal fabric breathable? Yes. Modal is very breathable and performs similarly to cotton.  The trick to assessing if a fabric is breathable or not is looking at if it absorbent. Fabrics that have higher absorbancy rates, tend to be more breathable.  Does modal fabric wrinkle? When it comes to wrinkles, modal is pretty middle ground. Cotton and linen tend to wrinkle more, but modal is not as wrinkle resistant as polyester.  If you want a wrinkle resistant modal, I would recommend using a knit fabric instead of a woven one. That is because, in general, knit fabrics tend to wrinkle less than wovens. Is modal fabric warm? Modal fibers do not offer much insulation, so they are not good for cold weather.  They do offer good wicking capabilities, which make them a great choice for warm weather. The secret to good fabrics for hot weather is not just fabrics that absorb sweat, but fabrics that can wick (meaning move) the moisture away from the body, and disperse moisture, to help it evaporate quickly.  That cool feeling comes from evaporation.   How do you wash modal fiber? Washing and care instructions for modal fabric will depend on the knit, weave, and other manufacturing details. But as a good rule of thumb, wash in cold water, and dry on delicate. Modal fibers can be steamed and ironed, but try to use a low setting to not damage the fibers with excessive heat. SHOULD YOU USE MODAL IN YOUR CLOTHING DESIGNS?  To figure out if using modal fabric is the right choice for you, I want to tell you about a few modal fabrics pros and cons. Let’s start with the pros. MODAL FABRIC PROS It’s a Good Financial Alternative to Silk Today modal is used as a silk alternative for both price and ethics. Modal is a fraction of the price of real silk. For example, the same dress that would be about $25 to produce in modal, would cost about $50 or more to make in silk. That’s a huge difference. It’s Vegan The other pro to using Modal is that it is vegan. If you didn’t know, there is a lot of crossover between the sustainable and vegan fashion spaces. By using a vegan option, brands are able to appeal to a wider customer base. It Does Not Contribute to Deforestation While the use of viscose was a step in the right direction (in my humble opinion), like everything, it is not perfect. And, one of the biggest issues with viscose is that it could be contributing to deforestation. However, with modal, specifically the Austrian company Lenzing’s modal, there tends to be much more transparency in the supply chain. Lenzing is one of the biggest suppliers of modal in the world. The company works hard to eliminate deforestation and verify where all its cellulose is coming from. And, because modal is only using birch trees and not any old type of tree, like viscose rayon, the process of verification and tightening the supply chain tends to be easier.  It has High Wet Modulus (HWM) One of the downsides to using viscose is that it tends to stretch out, especially when wet. That makes washing and caring for viscose difficult. High wet modulus, or HWM means that a fiber is actually stronger when wet. In the case of modal, it is about 50% stronger when wet. That means that it is a lot easier to wash and care for modal than viscose. And, in the world of sustainable fashion, that is a really good thing. Because the easier a garment is to wash, the longer it will last, and the longer it lasts, the less likely it is to end up in a landfill.  Modal tends to be easy to dye because of the fiber’s high absorption rate (how fast it sucks that dye right up). There also tends to be less damage (read money lost) during the dying process because of the increased strength. CONS OF MODAL It Still Uses Chemicals  Many people believe that rayons are natural because they are made from plants. But, as I explained earlier, a lot of chemicals go into the fiber manufacturing process.  SODIUM HYDROXIDE Sodium hydroxide is just one example of those chemicals. High concentrations of sodium hydroxide have been known to cause burns to the eyes, skin, digestive system, and lungs. And, prolonged exposure can cause permanent damage, and in some cases death. Sodium hydroxide is also harmful to aquatic life. That is because when sodium hydroxide comes in contact with water, it creates an exothermic reaction. Meaning it makes the water hot. Sometimes too hot for marine animals to survive.  CARBON DISULFIDE There is also use of carbon disulfide. Workers exposed to carbon disulfide have complained of dizziness, poor sleep, headaches, anxiety, lack of appetite from stomach problems, and vision changes when inhaled. It is also believed the chemical can cause harm to the eyes, kidneys, heart, liver, nerves and skin.  SULFURIC ACID Exposure to sulfuric acid can cause pulmonary edema – or a build-up of fluid in the lungs, which is a medical emergency. Repeated exposure can cause permanent damage. While the way we handle these chemicals has improved through the years to protect the works in manufacturing plants, it is still important to remember that these are some heavy-duty chemicals, and in the wrong hands or without the proper safety guidance can cause serious lifelong problems. It is Super Absorbent While this is pro for the dying process, as mentioned above. It can be a negative for garment wearability and comfort. If you have ever noticed, sometimes when you are super hot, and sweating a lot, your cotton shirt might feel really heavy. That is because all of the sweat from your body is quickly absorbing into the shirt like a sponge. So, you could understand why modal would be a terrible choice of fiber for swim and athletic wear. It Pills and Snags Many online articles are reporting that modal does not pill. And, that simply is not the case.  I have run dozens of clothing programs that use modal fabric. And one of the things I always discuss with my clients is that while the fabric looks beautiful straight out of the factory, there might be some complaints in the future after the customer washes it a few times.  There are also newer modals that tend to pill less. Make sure to be very clear with your development and manufacturing team that you want an option engineered to pill less. WHEN IS MODAL APPROPRIATE IN YOUR GARMENT DESIGN?   Many brands get confused about what fibers they should use for what type of products. So, I am going to break that down quickly for you.  Because, here is the thing. You can have the nicest garment design, but if you use the wrong fibers and fabrics, it will be a disaster. So, for all of these examples, let’s pretend we are designing a dress, and then decide which fiber would be best for the design. VISCOSE VS MODAL The first thing to remember is that viscose and modal are both rayons. But, they have some different properties. Modal tends to have a silkier feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more breathable. Generally speaking, modal tends to have a more luxurious feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more expensive.  Our dress example: Both viscose and modal are going to create a very flowy breezy dress. But, if you are concerned with comfort, especially in hot weather, you would want to opt for modal.  Also, if you want a more luxury product (read, sell for more money), modal does tend to have a more luxurious feel and appearance than viscose.  TENCEL VS MODAL Again, modal and Tencel are both different types of rayon. But, while modal mimics silk, Tencel tends to feel more like cotton. Except, a more comfy cotton. Our dress example: Modal and tencel are both going to offer a lot of movement and flowyness in the fabric. But, if you want the fabric to have higher shine, and feel more like silk, you should choose modal.  If you want the dress to have more of that cozy cotton feel, then choose Tencel. MODAL FABRIC VS COTTON Modal is a semi-synthetic rayon that was created to feel like silk. Cotton is a natural fabric that tends to feel a little more rugged. Naturally, cotton has a much stiffer handfeel than modal. Our dress example: A dress made with cotton will be more rigid, and tend to have a lot more structure (think a woven button-down poplin shirt). Whereas, a dress made with modal will be flowy with movement or a light breeze.  MODAL FABRIC VS POLYESTER Modal and poly are both going to offer shine and drape comparable to silk. Generally, polyester is considered an easy care fabric. Meaning it does not wrinkle, and is very easy to wash. The downside to polyester though, is that it is basically a plastic and tends not to breath well – meaning it isn’t great for the heat.  Our dress example: If you want something that will not wrinkle (thinking packing in a suitcase for vacation) polyester is going to be your best bet. But, it’s also going to be hot and sweaty. If you also want the dress to be comfortable, especially in hot weather, I would pick modal (just remember to pack a steamer for those wrinkles).  Also, from a sustainability standpoint modal fabric is the clear winner here. IS PAYING MORE FOR LENZING FIBERS WORTH IT? In my opinion, yes.  You don’t just get the traceability of the brand, you also get tons of technological innovations that were meant to solve problems and help you create the best product possible. That is because, Lenzing doesn’t just make 1 type of modal – they actually make 9 different types (as of April 2023).  A few of my favorites… These different types of fibers aim to solve different problems for the customer. Lenzing micro technology is used to make modal micro and modal micro air. This technology produces finer and lighter fibers that are better suited for athletic wear.  Lenzing eco color technology creates modal color and modal color black. These fibers are a special set of options that come in premade color options. The color is actually added into the liquid mix, before it is turned into solid fibers. The benefit to this type of technology is that there is no additional dying process – meaning it saves a TON (literally) of water and energy. The downside is, brands must choose from a predetermined set of colors. But another benefit to this technology is that it tends to have better color retention (meaning will not fade) compared to other traditional dye methods. The color black is notorious for fading, so the fact that Lenzing makes a special black option is noteworthy. And, Lenzing indigo color, is just what it sounds like an indigo denim modal option. IS MODAL REALLY SUSTAINABLE? I saved this for the end. Because, to answer it you need to understand all the ins and outs, and pros and cons of using it. The thing is, sustainability isn’t black and white. It isn’t good and bad. Sustainability is about doing the best you can.  So, if you are using polyester for a dress, and can use modal then ya, it’s probably a more sustainable option. But, if using modal, like in the example of swimwear, creates a lower quality product, something that people won’t like using, and will just leave in their closets, ultimately end up in a landfill, then, no it’s not. At the end of the day if something is sustainable or not is determined by you and your values, not what a magazine article says. There you go! All of the secrets have been revealed. Once you understand everything there is to know about modal, and by now you do, it’s really up to you if you consider an option for you or not. Remember, there is no right or wrong answer. WHERE TO BUY MODAL FABRIC BEST PLACES TO BUY SUSTAINABLE MODAL FABRIC Lenzing Global tradeshows  ADDITIONAL FIBER RESOURCES  What is rayon What is polyester Recycled cotton What is tencel lyocell, and is it sustainable?  DO YOU PLAN TO USE MODAL IN YOUR FASHION BRAND?  Sustainable clothing brands, let me know in the comments - what do you think now that you really understand, what is modal fabric? Are you going to use it in your line? Source link

[norajworld]

Today, modal fabric is used as a sustainable and vegan silk alternative. For many brands that want to offer more affordable, sustainable options to their customers - modal fabric makes that possible without compromising a luxurious look and feel. But, there is a secret to substituting modal for silk. And, it’s understanding that not all modals are the same. Don’t worry, I am going to give you the cheat code. Let’s start from the beginning - what is modal fabric? And what is the material used in? BUT BEFORE WE GET STARTED... I love helping startup brand founders succeed, so I created a bunch of free guides that will help you with your business. They won’t be free forever, so make sure to grab them while you can. WHAT YOU’LL LEARN What is modal fiber? Evolution of rayons and the invention of modal How is modal fabric made? Properties of modal fabrics  stretch feel shrinkage absorbency wrinkle hot and cold weather Washing and care instructions Should you use modal in your clothing line?  4 pros of modal 3 cons of modal This or that? Viscose vs modal Tencel vs modal Modal vs cotton Modal vs polyester Is the Lenzing modal better?  Is modal really sustainable?  Where to buy modal fabric Additional fiber resources  NO TIME TO READ? CHECK OUT THIS 60 SECOND SLIDE DECK    WHAT IS MODAL FIBER FIBER VS. FABRIC  All fabrics are made up of fibers.  Fibers are single strands about the width of a human hair. These fibers can be natural like cotton and silk, or man-made like modal and Tencel. The fibers are then spun together into a yarn. And from there the yarns are combined to form a fabric through weaving or knitting.  Modal is a fiber. And modal fibers make up a modal fabric.  You can have modal knit fabrics and modal woven fabrics. Think of it this way, modal is like eggs. An egg is an egg. But with that egg you can make all sorts of dishes - scrambled eggs, an omelet, poached, etc. That’s exactly the relationship between fibers and fabrics. MODAL VS RAYON But, modal fiber is also a type of rayon.   Confusing right? Rayon is the umbrella term for different man made semi-synthetic fibers that are made out of cellulose (plant material). Other types of rayon include Tencel, Lyocell, Viscose, and Bamboo fabric. Another term for rayon fibers is regenerated cellulosic fiber (not to be confused with regenerative farming, which is a totally different thing). HISTORY AND INVENTION OF MODAL FABRIC Fiber science is an evolution. It is constantly changing, especially today with new technologies and variations being discovered regularly. Modal is an extension of that evolution.  First came the invention of viscose, which was then improved, and modal was invented. Modal fabric is considered second-generation viscose (Tencel and lyocell are third-generation).  While many people think of viscose as an alternative to cotton, it was actually invented by French scientist Hilaire de Chardonnet as an alternative to silk. The first viscose was extremely flammable and had to be recalled from the market because it was just too dangerous. This led to the German Bemberg Company developing a less flammable and more consumer-friendly variation. While the Bemberg Company just wanted to make something that wouldn’t explode into flames while cooking breakfast, the inventors of modal (in Japan in 1951) set out to create a more sustainable option.  HOW IS MODAL FIBER MADE? The scientific process. Yea, this might be a bit boring. I mean, we are here for fashion, not science, right? But, understanding this process will help you understand the sustainable advances in modal rayon, as well as some greenwashing to avoid. So, bear with me. Step 1 – Gathering Cellulose What is modal fabric made out of?  In modal, the source of the cellulose (plant material) is beech trees. The reason beech trees were chosen for modal is because they propagate easily. Meaning, they are very easy to grow. Theoretically, you can take a branch from a birch tree, stick it in the ground, and grow another one. And, birch trees also grow very quickly – they don’t take the centuries that great oaks take. This makes birch an ideal sustainable source of cellulose. It can be regrown easily and quickly, preventing deforestation from tropical rainforest areas.  Step 2 - The Wood Pulp Breakdown This part of the production process is not so earth friendly. In this step, the wood pulp is broken down. First into tiny wood chips, then into a liquid with the help of some pretty harsh chemicals - sodium hydroxide used. Step 3 - Liquid Modal More chemicals - carbon disulfate - is added to make a liquid modal fiber. And a chemical reaction takes place to create and orange substance called sodium cellulose xanthate.  We'll get more into all the chemicals used in a little bit. Step 4 - Extrusion The liquid modal fiber is then pushed through a spinneret, something that looks like a mini shower head, into another chemical solution - this time sulfuric acid. This causes the orange chemical solution to solidify, creating fibers. Step 5 - Repeat Then, the process is repeated with some of the waste. Modal was the first fiber to attempt a closed-loop model. Meaning, the waste of the process could go back into the system to make more of the fiber.  Modal is not a perfect closed-loop system; while some waste produced can go back into the system, not all of it can. That is why modal production is often referred to as a semi-closed loop system.  While this is much more environmentally friendly than traditional viscose, third-generation lyocell was able to completely close the loop, making an even more sustainable product. WHERE IS MODAL FABRIC MADE? Modal fabric is made all over the world, but production hubs are located in Austria, China, and even the United States. MODAL FABRIC PROPERTIES What does modal fabric feel like? Is modal fabric stretchy? Modal fibers on their own are not very stretchy. But, you can make them stretchy through fabric construction. Knit fabrics tend to have a lot of natural engineered stretch in them. So a knit modal fabric, compared to a woven modal fabric will be more stretchy.  If more stretch is needed then it is possible through fabric design - elastic, spandex, or lycra which are fibers with natural stretch in them, can be added. How does modal fabric feel? Modal fabric manufactured from beech trees feels similar to silk or synthetic bamboo fabric. It is slick, shiny, and tends to have a cooler feel.  Does modal fabric shrink? Modal fibers are very stable and tend not to shrink. But (And, this is a big ‘but’) just because a fiber does not shrink that does not mean a fabric won’t.  When fabrics are knit or woven into textiles the yarns that make them are stretched. After the textiles come off the machines, they relax a little, meaning they shrink a little. Then, when water is added (think washing), they relax even more, and shrink even more. Knit fabrics (mentioned above for their stretch), tend to shrink a lot when washed for the first time.  So, be careful. Just because modal itself does not shrink, that does not mean your shirt won't. Is modal fabric breathable? Yes. Modal is very breathable and performs similarly to cotton.  The trick to assessing if a fabric is breathable or not is looking at if it absorbent. Fabrics that have higher absorbancy rates, tend to be more breathable.  Does modal fabric wrinkle? When it comes to wrinkles, modal is pretty middle ground. Cotton and linen tend to wrinkle more, but modal is not as wrinkle resistant as polyester.  If you want a wrinkle resistant modal, I would recommend using a knit fabric instead of a woven one. That is because, in general, knit fabrics tend to wrinkle less than wovens. Is modal fabric warm? Modal fibers do not offer much insulation, so they are not good for cold weather.  They do offer good wicking capabilities, which make them a great choice for warm weather. The secret to good fabrics for hot weather is not just fabrics that absorb sweat, but fabrics that can wick (meaning move) the moisture away from the body, and disperse moisture, to help it evaporate quickly.  That cool feeling comes from evaporation.   How do you wash modal fiber? Washing and care instructions for modal fabric will depend on the knit, weave, and other manufacturing details. But as a good rule of thumb, wash in cold water, and dry on delicate. Modal fibers can be steamed and ironed, but try to use a low setting to not damage the fibers with excessive heat. SHOULD YOU USE MODAL IN YOUR CLOTHING DESIGNS?  To figure out if using modal fabric is the right choice for you, I want to tell you about a few modal fabrics pros and cons. Let’s start with the pros. MODAL FABRIC PROS It’s a Good Financial Alternative to Silk Today modal is used as a silk alternative for both price and ethics. Modal is a fraction of the price of real silk. For example, the same dress that would be about $25 to produce in modal, would cost about $50 or more to make in silk. That’s a huge difference. It’s Vegan The other pro to using Modal is that it is vegan. If you didn’t know, there is a lot of crossover between the sustainable and vegan fashion spaces. By using a vegan option, brands are able to appeal to a wider customer base. It Does Not Contribute to Deforestation While the use of viscose was a step in the right direction (in my humble opinion), like everything, it is not perfect. And, one of the biggest issues with viscose is that it could be contributing to deforestation. However, with modal, specifically the Austrian company Lenzing’s modal, there tends to be much more transparency in the supply chain. Lenzing is one of the biggest suppliers of modal in the world. The company works hard to eliminate deforestation and verify where all its cellulose is coming from. And, because modal is only using birch trees and not any old type of tree, like viscose rayon, the process of verification and tightening the supply chain tends to be easier.  It has High Wet Modulus (HWM) One of the downsides to using viscose is that it tends to stretch out, especially when wet. That makes washing and caring for viscose difficult. High wet modulus, or HWM means that a fiber is actually stronger when wet. In the case of modal, it is about 50% stronger when wet. That means that it is a lot easier to wash and care for modal than viscose. And, in the world of sustainable fashion, that is a really good thing. Because the easier a garment is to wash, the longer it will last, and the longer it lasts, the less likely it is to end up in a landfill.  Modal tends to be easy to dye because of the fiber’s high absorption rate (how fast it sucks that dye right up). There also tends to be less damage (read money lost) during the dying process because of the increased strength. CONS OF MODAL It Still Uses Chemicals  Many people believe that rayons are natural because they are made from plants. But, as I explained earlier, a lot of chemicals go into the fiber manufacturing process.  SODIUM HYDROXIDE Sodium hydroxide is just one example of those chemicals. High concentrations of sodium hydroxide have been known to cause burns to the eyes, skin, digestive system, and lungs. And, prolonged exposure can cause permanent damage, and in some cases death. Sodium hydroxide is also harmful to aquatic life. That is because when sodium hydroxide comes in contact with water, it creates an exothermic reaction. Meaning it makes the water hot. Sometimes too hot for marine animals to survive.  CARBON DISULFIDE There is also use of carbon disulfide. Workers exposed to carbon disulfide have complained of dizziness, poor sleep, headaches, anxiety, lack of appetite from stomach problems, and vision changes when inhaled. It is also believed the chemical can cause harm to the eyes, kidneys, heart, liver, nerves and skin.  SULFURIC ACID Exposure to sulfuric acid can cause pulmonary edema – or a build-up of fluid in the lungs, which is a medical emergency. Repeated exposure can cause permanent damage. While the way we handle these chemicals has improved through the years to protect the works in manufacturing plants, it is still important to remember that these are some heavy-duty chemicals, and in the wrong hands or without the proper safety guidance can cause serious lifelong problems. It is Super Absorbent While this is pro for the dying process, as mentioned above. It can be a negative for garment wearability and comfort. If you have ever noticed, sometimes when you are super hot, and sweating a lot, your cotton shirt might feel really heavy. That is because all of the sweat from your body is quickly absorbing into the shirt like a sponge. So, you could understand why modal would be a terrible choice of fiber for swim and athletic wear. It Pills and Snags Many online articles are reporting that modal does not pill. And, that simply is not the case.  I have run dozens of clothing programs that use modal fabric. And one of the things I always discuss with my clients is that while the fabric looks beautiful straight out of the factory, there might be some complaints in the future after the customer washes it a few times.  There are also newer modals that tend to pill less. Make sure to be very clear with your development and manufacturing team that you want an option engineered to pill less. WHEN IS MODAL APPROPRIATE IN YOUR GARMENT DESIGN?   Many brands get confused about what fibers they should use for what type of products. So, I am going to break that down quickly for you.  Because, here is the thing. You can have the nicest garment design, but if you use the wrong fibers and fabrics, it will be a disaster. So, for all of these examples, let’s pretend we are designing a dress, and then decide which fiber would be best for the design. VISCOSE VS MODAL The first thing to remember is that viscose and modal are both rayons. But, they have some different properties. Modal tends to have a silkier feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more breathable. Generally speaking, modal tends to have a more luxurious feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more expensive.  Our dress example: Both viscose and modal are going to create a very flowy breezy dress. But, if you are concerned with comfort, especially in hot weather, you would want to opt for modal.  Also, if you want a more luxury product (read, sell for more money), modal does tend to have a more luxurious feel and appearance than viscose.  TENCEL VS MODAL Again, modal and Tencel are both different types of rayon. But, while modal mimics silk, Tencel tends to feel more like cotton. Except, a more comfy cotton. Our dress example: Modal and tencel are both going to offer a lot of movement and flowyness in the fabric. But, if you want the fabric to have higher shine, and feel more like silk, you should choose modal.  If you want the dress to have more of that cozy cotton feel, then choose Tencel. MODAL FABRIC VS COTTON Modal is a semi-synthetic rayon that was created to feel like silk. Cotton is a natural fabric that tends to feel a little more rugged. Naturally, cotton has a much stiffer handfeel than modal. Our dress example: A dress made with cotton will be more rigid, and tend to have a lot more structure (think a woven button-down poplin shirt). Whereas, a dress made with modal will be flowy with movement or a light breeze.  MODAL FABRIC VS POLYESTER Modal and poly are both going to offer shine and drape comparable to silk. Generally, polyester is considered an easy care fabric. Meaning it does not wrinkle, and is very easy to wash. The downside to polyester though, is that it is basically a plastic and tends not to breath well – meaning it isn’t great for the heat.  Our dress example: If you want something that will not wrinkle (thinking packing in a suitcase for vacation) polyester is going to be your best bet. But, it’s also going to be hot and sweaty. If you also want the dress to be comfortable, especially in hot weather, I would pick modal (just remember to pack a steamer for those wrinkles).  Also, from a sustainability standpoint modal fabric is the clear winner here. IS PAYING MORE FOR LENZING FIBERS WORTH IT? In my opinion, yes.  You don’t just get the traceability of the brand, you also get tons of technological innovations that were meant to solve problems and help you create the best product possible. That is because, Lenzing doesn’t just make 1 type of modal – they actually make 9 different types (as of April 2023).  A few of my favorites… These different types of fibers aim to solve different problems for the customer. Lenzing micro technology is used to make modal micro and modal micro air. This technology produces finer and lighter fibers that are better suited for athletic wear.  Lenzing eco color technology creates modal color and modal color black. These fibers are a special set of options that come in premade color options. The color is actually added into the liquid mix, before it is turned into solid fibers. The benefit to this type of technology is that there is no additional dying process – meaning it saves a TON (literally) of water and energy. The downside is, brands must choose from a predetermined set of colors. But another benefit to this technology is that it tends to have better color retention (meaning will not fade) compared to other traditional dye methods. The color black is notorious for fading, so the fact that Lenzing makes a special black option is noteworthy. And, Lenzing indigo color, is just what it sounds like an indigo denim modal option. IS MODAL REALLY SUSTAINABLE? I saved this for the end. Because, to answer it you need to understand all the ins and outs, and pros and cons of using it. The thing is, sustainability isn’t black and white. It isn’t good and bad. Sustainability is about doing the best you can.  So, if you are using polyester for a dress, and can use modal then ya, it’s probably a more sustainable option. But, if using modal, like in the example of swimwear, creates a lower quality product, something that people won’t like using, and will just leave in their closets, ultimately end up in a landfill, then, no it’s not. At the end of the day if something is sustainable or not is determined by you and your values, not what a magazine article says. There you go! All of the secrets have been revealed. Once you understand everything there is to know about modal, and by now you do, it’s really up to you if you consider an option for you or not. Remember, there is no right or wrong answer. WHERE TO BUY MODAL FABRIC BEST PLACES TO BUY SUSTAINABLE MODAL FABRIC Lenzing Global tradeshows  ADDITIONAL FIBER RESOURCES  What is rayon What is polyester Recycled cotton What is tencel lyocell, and is it sustainable?  DO YOU PLAN TO USE MODAL IN YOUR FASHION BRAND?  Sustainable clothing brands, let me know in the comments - what do you think now that you really understand, what is modal fabric? Are you going to use it in your line? Source link

[ellajme0]

Today, modal fabric is used as a sustainable and vegan silk alternative. For many brands that want to offer more affordable, sustainable options to their customers - modal fabric makes that possible without compromising a luxurious look and feel. But, there is a secret to substituting modal for silk. And, it’s understanding that not all modals are the same. Don’t worry, I am going to give you the cheat code. Let’s start from the beginning - what is modal fabric? And what is the material used in? BUT BEFORE WE GET STARTED... I love helping startup brand founders succeed, so I created a bunch of free guides that will help you with your business. They won’t be free forever, so make sure to grab them while you can. WHAT YOU’LL LEARN What is modal fiber? Evolution of rayons and the invention of modal How is modal fabric made? Properties of modal fabrics  stretch feel shrinkage absorbency wrinkle hot and cold weather Washing and care instructions Should you use modal in your clothing line?  4 pros of modal 3 cons of modal This or that? Viscose vs modal Tencel vs modal Modal vs cotton Modal vs polyester Is the Lenzing modal better?  Is modal really sustainable?  Where to buy modal fabric Additional fiber resources  NO TIME TO READ? CHECK OUT THIS 60 SECOND SLIDE DECK    WHAT IS MODAL FIBER FIBER VS. FABRIC  All fabrics are made up of fibers.  Fibers are single strands about the width of a human hair. These fibers can be natural like cotton and silk, or man-made like modal and Tencel. The fibers are then spun together into a yarn. And from there the yarns are combined to form a fabric through weaving or knitting.  Modal is a fiber. And modal fibers make up a modal fabric.  You can have modal knit fabrics and modal woven fabrics. Think of it this way, modal is like eggs. An egg is an egg. But with that egg you can make all sorts of dishes - scrambled eggs, an omelet, poached, etc. That’s exactly the relationship between fibers and fabrics. MODAL VS RAYON But, modal fiber is also a type of rayon.   Confusing right? Rayon is the umbrella term for different man made semi-synthetic fibers that are made out of cellulose (plant material). Other types of rayon include Tencel, Lyocell, Viscose, and Bamboo fabric. Another term for rayon fibers is regenerated cellulosic fiber (not to be confused with regenerative farming, which is a totally different thing). HISTORY AND INVENTION OF MODAL FABRIC Fiber science is an evolution. It is constantly changing, especially today with new technologies and variations being discovered regularly. Modal is an extension of that evolution.  First came the invention of viscose, which was then improved, and modal was invented. Modal fabric is considered second-generation viscose (Tencel and lyocell are third-generation).  While many people think of viscose as an alternative to cotton, it was actually invented by French scientist Hilaire de Chardonnet as an alternative to silk. The first viscose was extremely flammable and had to be recalled from the market because it was just too dangerous. This led to the German Bemberg Company developing a less flammable and more consumer-friendly variation. While the Bemberg Company just wanted to make something that wouldn’t explode into flames while cooking breakfast, the inventors of modal (in Japan in 1951) set out to create a more sustainable option.  HOW IS MODAL FIBER MADE? The scientific process. Yea, this might be a bit boring. I mean, we are here for fashion, not science, right? But, understanding this process will help you understand the sustainable advances in modal rayon, as well as some greenwashing to avoid. So, bear with me. Step 1 – Gathering Cellulose What is modal fabric made out of?  In modal, the source of the cellulose (plant material) is beech trees. The reason beech trees were chosen for modal is because they propagate easily. Meaning, they are very easy to grow. Theoretically, you can take a branch from a birch tree, stick it in the ground, and grow another one. And, birch trees also grow very quickly – they don’t take the centuries that great oaks take. This makes birch an ideal sustainable source of cellulose. It can be regrown easily and quickly, preventing deforestation from tropical rainforest areas.  Step 2 - The Wood Pulp Breakdown This part of the production process is not so earth friendly. In this step, the wood pulp is broken down. First into tiny wood chips, then into a liquid with the help of some pretty harsh chemicals - sodium hydroxide used. Step 3 - Liquid Modal More chemicals - carbon disulfate - is added to make a liquid modal fiber. And a chemical reaction takes place to create and orange substance called sodium cellulose xanthate.  We'll get more into all the chemicals used in a little bit. Step 4 - Extrusion The liquid modal fiber is then pushed through a spinneret, something that looks like a mini shower head, into another chemical solution - this time sulfuric acid. This causes the orange chemical solution to solidify, creating fibers. Step 5 - Repeat Then, the process is repeated with some of the waste. Modal was the first fiber to attempt a closed-loop model. Meaning, the waste of the process could go back into the system to make more of the fiber.  Modal is not a perfect closed-loop system; while some waste produced can go back into the system, not all of it can. That is why modal production is often referred to as a semi-closed loop system.  While this is much more environmentally friendly than traditional viscose, third-generation lyocell was able to completely close the loop, making an even more sustainable product. WHERE IS MODAL FABRIC MADE? Modal fabric is made all over the world, but production hubs are located in Austria, China, and even the United States. MODAL FABRIC PROPERTIES What does modal fabric feel like? Is modal fabric stretchy? Modal fibers on their own are not very stretchy. But, you can make them stretchy through fabric construction. Knit fabrics tend to have a lot of natural engineered stretch in them. So a knit modal fabric, compared to a woven modal fabric will be more stretchy.  If more stretch is needed then it is possible through fabric design - elastic, spandex, or lycra which are fibers with natural stretch in them, can be added. How does modal fabric feel? Modal fabric manufactured from beech trees feels similar to silk or synthetic bamboo fabric. It is slick, shiny, and tends to have a cooler feel.  Does modal fabric shrink? Modal fibers are very stable and tend not to shrink. But (And, this is a big ‘but’) just because a fiber does not shrink that does not mean a fabric won’t.  When fabrics are knit or woven into textiles the yarns that make them are stretched. After the textiles come off the machines, they relax a little, meaning they shrink a little. Then, when water is added (think washing), they relax even more, and shrink even more. Knit fabrics (mentioned above for their stretch), tend to shrink a lot when washed for the first time.  So, be careful. Just because modal itself does not shrink, that does not mean your shirt won't. Is modal fabric breathable? Yes. Modal is very breathable and performs similarly to cotton.  The trick to assessing if a fabric is breathable or not is looking at if it absorbent. Fabrics that have higher absorbancy rates, tend to be more breathable.  Does modal fabric wrinkle? When it comes to wrinkles, modal is pretty middle ground. Cotton and linen tend to wrinkle more, but modal is not as wrinkle resistant as polyester.  If you want a wrinkle resistant modal, I would recommend using a knit fabric instead of a woven one. That is because, in general, knit fabrics tend to wrinkle less than wovens. Is modal fabric warm? Modal fibers do not offer much insulation, so they are not good for cold weather.  They do offer good wicking capabilities, which make them a great choice for warm weather. The secret to good fabrics for hot weather is not just fabrics that absorb sweat, but fabrics that can wick (meaning move) the moisture away from the body, and disperse moisture, to help it evaporate quickly.  That cool feeling comes from evaporation.   How do you wash modal fiber? Washing and care instructions for modal fabric will depend on the knit, weave, and other manufacturing details. But as a good rule of thumb, wash in cold water, and dry on delicate. Modal fibers can be steamed and ironed, but try to use a low setting to not damage the fibers with excessive heat. SHOULD YOU USE MODAL IN YOUR CLOTHING DESIGNS?  To figure out if using modal fabric is the right choice for you, I want to tell you about a few modal fabrics pros and cons. Let’s start with the pros. MODAL FABRIC PROS It’s a Good Financial Alternative to Silk Today modal is used as a silk alternative for both price and ethics. Modal is a fraction of the price of real silk. For example, the same dress that would be about $25 to produce in modal, would cost about $50 or more to make in silk. That’s a huge difference. It’s Vegan The other pro to using Modal is that it is vegan. If you didn’t know, there is a lot of crossover between the sustainable and vegan fashion spaces. By using a vegan option, brands are able to appeal to a wider customer base. It Does Not Contribute to Deforestation While the use of viscose was a step in the right direction (in my humble opinion), like everything, it is not perfect. And, one of the biggest issues with viscose is that it could be contributing to deforestation. However, with modal, specifically the Austrian company Lenzing’s modal, there tends to be much more transparency in the supply chain. Lenzing is one of the biggest suppliers of modal in the world. The company works hard to eliminate deforestation and verify where all its cellulose is coming from. And, because modal is only using birch trees and not any old type of tree, like viscose rayon, the process of verification and tightening the supply chain tends to be easier.  It has High Wet Modulus (HWM) One of the downsides to using viscose is that it tends to stretch out, especially when wet. That makes washing and caring for viscose difficult. High wet modulus, or HWM means that a fiber is actually stronger when wet. In the case of modal, it is about 50% stronger when wet. That means that it is a lot easier to wash and care for modal than viscose. And, in the world of sustainable fashion, that is a really good thing. Because the easier a garment is to wash, the longer it will last, and the longer it lasts, the less likely it is to end up in a landfill.  Modal tends to be easy to dye because of the fiber’s high absorption rate (how fast it sucks that dye right up). There also tends to be less damage (read money lost) during the dying process because of the increased strength. CONS OF MODAL It Still Uses Chemicals  Many people believe that rayons are natural because they are made from plants. But, as I explained earlier, a lot of chemicals go into the fiber manufacturing process.  SODIUM HYDROXIDE Sodium hydroxide is just one example of those chemicals. High concentrations of sodium hydroxide have been known to cause burns to the eyes, skin, digestive system, and lungs. And, prolonged exposure can cause permanent damage, and in some cases death. Sodium hydroxide is also harmful to aquatic life. That is because when sodium hydroxide comes in contact with water, it creates an exothermic reaction. Meaning it makes the water hot. Sometimes too hot for marine animals to survive.  CARBON DISULFIDE There is also use of carbon disulfide. Workers exposed to carbon disulfide have complained of dizziness, poor sleep, headaches, anxiety, lack of appetite from stomach problems, and vision changes when inhaled. It is also believed the chemical can cause harm to the eyes, kidneys, heart, liver, nerves and skin.  SULFURIC ACID Exposure to sulfuric acid can cause pulmonary edema – or a build-up of fluid in the lungs, which is a medical emergency. Repeated exposure can cause permanent damage. While the way we handle these chemicals has improved through the years to protect the works in manufacturing plants, it is still important to remember that these are some heavy-duty chemicals, and in the wrong hands or without the proper safety guidance can cause serious lifelong problems. It is Super Absorbent While this is pro for the dying process, as mentioned above. It can be a negative for garment wearability and comfort. If you have ever noticed, sometimes when you are super hot, and sweating a lot, your cotton shirt might feel really heavy. That is because all of the sweat from your body is quickly absorbing into the shirt like a sponge. So, you could understand why modal would be a terrible choice of fiber for swim and athletic wear. It Pills and Snags Many online articles are reporting that modal does not pill. And, that simply is not the case.  I have run dozens of clothing programs that use modal fabric. And one of the things I always discuss with my clients is that while the fabric looks beautiful straight out of the factory, there might be some complaints in the future after the customer washes it a few times.  There are also newer modals that tend to pill less. Make sure to be very clear with your development and manufacturing team that you want an option engineered to pill less. WHEN IS MODAL APPROPRIATE IN YOUR GARMENT DESIGN?   Many brands get confused about what fibers they should use for what type of products. So, I am going to break that down quickly for you.  Because, here is the thing. You can have the nicest garment design, but if you use the wrong fibers and fabrics, it will be a disaster. So, for all of these examples, let’s pretend we are designing a dress, and then decide which fiber would be best for the design. VISCOSE VS MODAL The first thing to remember is that viscose and modal are both rayons. But, they have some different properties. Modal tends to have a silkier feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more breathable. Generally speaking, modal tends to have a more luxurious feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more expensive.  Our dress example: Both viscose and modal are going to create a very flowy breezy dress. But, if you are concerned with comfort, especially in hot weather, you would want to opt for modal.  Also, if you want a more luxury product (read, sell for more money), modal does tend to have a more luxurious feel and appearance than viscose.  TENCEL VS MODAL Again, modal and Tencel are both different types of rayon. But, while modal mimics silk, Tencel tends to feel more like cotton. Except, a more comfy cotton. Our dress example: Modal and tencel are both going to offer a lot of movement and flowyness in the fabric. But, if you want the fabric to have higher shine, and feel more like silk, you should choose modal.  If you want the dress to have more of that cozy cotton feel, then choose Tencel. MODAL FABRIC VS COTTON Modal is a semi-synthetic rayon that was created to feel like silk. Cotton is a natural fabric that tends to feel a little more rugged. Naturally, cotton has a much stiffer handfeel than modal. Our dress example: A dress made with cotton will be more rigid, and tend to have a lot more structure (think a woven button-down poplin shirt). Whereas, a dress made with modal will be flowy with movement or a light breeze.  MODAL FABRIC VS POLYESTER Modal and poly are both going to offer shine and drape comparable to silk. Generally, polyester is considered an easy care fabric. Meaning it does not wrinkle, and is very easy to wash. The downside to polyester though, is that it is basically a plastic and tends not to breath well – meaning it isn’t great for the heat.  Our dress example: If you want something that will not wrinkle (thinking packing in a suitcase for vacation) polyester is going to be your best bet. But, it’s also going to be hot and sweaty. If you also want the dress to be comfortable, especially in hot weather, I would pick modal (just remember to pack a steamer for those wrinkles).  Also, from a sustainability standpoint modal fabric is the clear winner here. IS PAYING MORE FOR LENZING FIBERS WORTH IT? In my opinion, yes.  You don’t just get the traceability of the brand, you also get tons of technological innovations that were meant to solve problems and help you create the best product possible. That is because, Lenzing doesn’t just make 1 type of modal – they actually make 9 different types (as of April 2023).  A few of my favorites… These different types of fibers aim to solve different problems for the customer. Lenzing micro technology is used to make modal micro and modal micro air. This technology produces finer and lighter fibers that are better suited for athletic wear.  Lenzing eco color technology creates modal color and modal color black. These fibers are a special set of options that come in premade color options. The color is actually added into the liquid mix, before it is turned into solid fibers. The benefit to this type of technology is that there is no additional dying process – meaning it saves a TON (literally) of water and energy. The downside is, brands must choose from a predetermined set of colors. But another benefit to this technology is that it tends to have better color retention (meaning will not fade) compared to other traditional dye methods. The color black is notorious for fading, so the fact that Lenzing makes a special black option is noteworthy. And, Lenzing indigo color, is just what it sounds like an indigo denim modal option. IS MODAL REALLY SUSTAINABLE? I saved this for the end. Because, to answer it you need to understand all the ins and outs, and pros and cons of using it. The thing is, sustainability isn’t black and white. It isn’t good and bad. Sustainability is about doing the best you can.  So, if you are using polyester for a dress, and can use modal then ya, it’s probably a more sustainable option. But, if using modal, like in the example of swimwear, creates a lower quality product, something that people won’t like using, and will just leave in their closets, ultimately end up in a landfill, then, no it’s not. At the end of the day if something is sustainable or not is determined by you and your values, not what a magazine article says. There you go! All of the secrets have been revealed. Once you understand everything there is to know about modal, and by now you do, it’s really up to you if you consider an option for you or not. Remember, there is no right or wrong answer. WHERE TO BUY MODAL FABRIC BEST PLACES TO BUY SUSTAINABLE MODAL FABRIC Lenzing Global tradeshows  ADDITIONAL FIBER RESOURCES  What is rayon What is polyester Recycled cotton What is tencel lyocell, and is it sustainable?  DO YOU PLAN TO USE MODAL IN YOUR FASHION BRAND?  Sustainable clothing brands, let me know in the comments - what do you think now that you really understand, what is modal fabric? Are you going to use it in your line? Source link

[chilimili212]

Today, modal fabric is used as a sustainable and vegan silk alternative. For many brands that want to offer more affordable, sustainable options to their customers - modal fabric makes that possible without compromising a luxurious look and feel. But, there is a secret to substituting modal for silk. And, it’s understanding that not all modals are the same. Don’t worry, I am going to give you the cheat code. Let’s start from the beginning - what is modal fabric? And what is the material used in? BUT BEFORE WE GET STARTED... I love helping startup brand founders succeed, so I created a bunch of free guides that will help you with your business. They won’t be free forever, so make sure to grab them while you can. WHAT YOU’LL LEARN What is modal fiber? Evolution of rayons and the invention of modal How is modal fabric made? Properties of modal fabrics  stretch feel shrinkage absorbency wrinkle hot and cold weather Washing and care instructions Should you use modal in your clothing line?  4 pros of modal 3 cons of modal This or that? Viscose vs modal Tencel vs modal Modal vs cotton Modal vs polyester Is the Lenzing modal better?  Is modal really sustainable?  Where to buy modal fabric Additional fiber resources  NO TIME TO READ? CHECK OUT THIS 60 SECOND SLIDE DECK    WHAT IS MODAL FIBER FIBER VS. FABRIC  All fabrics are made up of fibers.  Fibers are single strands about the width of a human hair. These fibers can be natural like cotton and silk, or man-made like modal and Tencel. The fibers are then spun together into a yarn. And from there the yarns are combined to form a fabric through weaving or knitting.  Modal is a fiber. And modal fibers make up a modal fabric.  You can have modal knit fabrics and modal woven fabrics. Think of it this way, modal is like eggs. An egg is an egg. But with that egg you can make all sorts of dishes - scrambled eggs, an omelet, poached, etc. That’s exactly the relationship between fibers and fabrics. MODAL VS RAYON But, modal fiber is also a type of rayon.   Confusing right? Rayon is the umbrella term for different man made semi-synthetic fibers that are made out of cellulose (plant material). Other types of rayon include Tencel, Lyocell, Viscose, and Bamboo fabric. Another term for rayon fibers is regenerated cellulosic fiber (not to be confused with regenerative farming, which is a totally different thing). HISTORY AND INVENTION OF MODAL FABRIC Fiber science is an evolution. It is constantly changing, especially today with new technologies and variations being discovered regularly. Modal is an extension of that evolution.  First came the invention of viscose, which was then improved, and modal was invented. Modal fabric is considered second-generation viscose (Tencel and lyocell are third-generation).  While many people think of viscose as an alternative to cotton, it was actually invented by French scientist Hilaire de Chardonnet as an alternative to silk. The first viscose was extremely flammable and had to be recalled from the market because it was just too dangerous. This led to the German Bemberg Company developing a less flammable and more consumer-friendly variation. While the Bemberg Company just wanted to make something that wouldn’t explode into flames while cooking breakfast, the inventors of modal (in Japan in 1951) set out to create a more sustainable option.  HOW IS MODAL FIBER MADE? The scientific process. Yea, this might be a bit boring. I mean, we are here for fashion, not science, right? But, understanding this process will help you understand the sustainable advances in modal rayon, as well as some greenwashing to avoid. So, bear with me. Step 1 – Gathering Cellulose What is modal fabric made out of?  In modal, the source of the cellulose (plant material) is beech trees. The reason beech trees were chosen for modal is because they propagate easily. Meaning, they are very easy to grow. Theoretically, you can take a branch from a birch tree, stick it in the ground, and grow another one. And, birch trees also grow very quickly – they don’t take the centuries that great oaks take. This makes birch an ideal sustainable source of cellulose. It can be regrown easily and quickly, preventing deforestation from tropical rainforest areas.  Step 2 - The Wood Pulp Breakdown This part of the production process is not so earth friendly. In this step, the wood pulp is broken down. First into tiny wood chips, then into a liquid with the help of some pretty harsh chemicals - sodium hydroxide used. Step 3 - Liquid Modal More chemicals - carbon disulfate - is added to make a liquid modal fiber. And a chemical reaction takes place to create and orange substance called sodium cellulose xanthate.  We'll get more into all the chemicals used in a little bit. Step 4 - Extrusion The liquid modal fiber is then pushed through a spinneret, something that looks like a mini shower head, into another chemical solution - this time sulfuric acid. This causes the orange chemical solution to solidify, creating fibers. Step 5 - Repeat Then, the process is repeated with some of the waste. Modal was the first fiber to attempt a closed-loop model. Meaning, the waste of the process could go back into the system to make more of the fiber.  Modal is not a perfect closed-loop system; while some waste produced can go back into the system, not all of it can. That is why modal production is often referred to as a semi-closed loop system.  While this is much more environmentally friendly than traditional viscose, third-generation lyocell was able to completely close the loop, making an even more sustainable product. WHERE IS MODAL FABRIC MADE? Modal fabric is made all over the world, but production hubs are located in Austria, China, and even the United States. MODAL FABRIC PROPERTIES What does modal fabric feel like? Is modal fabric stretchy? Modal fibers on their own are not very stretchy. But, you can make them stretchy through fabric construction. Knit fabrics tend to have a lot of natural engineered stretch in them. So a knit modal fabric, compared to a woven modal fabric will be more stretchy.  If more stretch is needed then it is possible through fabric design - elastic, spandex, or lycra which are fibers with natural stretch in them, can be added. How does modal fabric feel? Modal fabric manufactured from beech trees feels similar to silk or synthetic bamboo fabric. It is slick, shiny, and tends to have a cooler feel.  Does modal fabric shrink? Modal fibers are very stable and tend not to shrink. But (And, this is a big ‘but’) just because a fiber does not shrink that does not mean a fabric won’t.  When fabrics are knit or woven into textiles the yarns that make them are stretched. After the textiles come off the machines, they relax a little, meaning they shrink a little. Then, when water is added (think washing), they relax even more, and shrink even more. Knit fabrics (mentioned above for their stretch), tend to shrink a lot when washed for the first time.  So, be careful. Just because modal itself does not shrink, that does not mean your shirt won't. Is modal fabric breathable? Yes. Modal is very breathable and performs similarly to cotton.  The trick to assessing if a fabric is breathable or not is looking at if it absorbent. Fabrics that have higher absorbancy rates, tend to be more breathable.  Does modal fabric wrinkle? When it comes to wrinkles, modal is pretty middle ground. Cotton and linen tend to wrinkle more, but modal is not as wrinkle resistant as polyester.  If you want a wrinkle resistant modal, I would recommend using a knit fabric instead of a woven one. That is because, in general, knit fabrics tend to wrinkle less than wovens. Is modal fabric warm? Modal fibers do not offer much insulation, so they are not good for cold weather.  They do offer good wicking capabilities, which make them a great choice for warm weather. The secret to good fabrics for hot weather is not just fabrics that absorb sweat, but fabrics that can wick (meaning move) the moisture away from the body, and disperse moisture, to help it evaporate quickly.  That cool feeling comes from evaporation.   How do you wash modal fiber? Washing and care instructions for modal fabric will depend on the knit, weave, and other manufacturing details. But as a good rule of thumb, wash in cold water, and dry on delicate. Modal fibers can be steamed and ironed, but try to use a low setting to not damage the fibers with excessive heat. SHOULD YOU USE MODAL IN YOUR CLOTHING DESIGNS?  To figure out if using modal fabric is the right choice for you, I want to tell you about a few modal fabrics pros and cons. Let’s start with the pros. MODAL FABRIC PROS It’s a Good Financial Alternative to Silk Today modal is used as a silk alternative for both price and ethics. Modal is a fraction of the price of real silk. For example, the same dress that would be about $25 to produce in modal, would cost about $50 or more to make in silk. That’s a huge difference. It’s Vegan The other pro to using Modal is that it is vegan. If you didn’t know, there is a lot of crossover between the sustainable and vegan fashion spaces. By using a vegan option, brands are able to appeal to a wider customer base. It Does Not Contribute to Deforestation While the use of viscose was a step in the right direction (in my humble opinion), like everything, it is not perfect. And, one of the biggest issues with viscose is that it could be contributing to deforestation. However, with modal, specifically the Austrian company Lenzing’s modal, there tends to be much more transparency in the supply chain. Lenzing is one of the biggest suppliers of modal in the world. The company works hard to eliminate deforestation and verify where all its cellulose is coming from. And, because modal is only using birch trees and not any old type of tree, like viscose rayon, the process of verification and tightening the supply chain tends to be easier.  It has High Wet Modulus (HWM) One of the downsides to using viscose is that it tends to stretch out, especially when wet. That makes washing and caring for viscose difficult. High wet modulus, or HWM means that a fiber is actually stronger when wet. In the case of modal, it is about 50% stronger when wet. That means that it is a lot easier to wash and care for modal than viscose. And, in the world of sustainable fashion, that is a really good thing. Because the easier a garment is to wash, the longer it will last, and the longer it lasts, the less likely it is to end up in a landfill.  Modal tends to be easy to dye because of the fiber’s high absorption rate (how fast it sucks that dye right up). There also tends to be less damage (read money lost) during the dying process because of the increased strength. CONS OF MODAL It Still Uses Chemicals  Many people believe that rayons are natural because they are made from plants. But, as I explained earlier, a lot of chemicals go into the fiber manufacturing process.  SODIUM HYDROXIDE Sodium hydroxide is just one example of those chemicals. High concentrations of sodium hydroxide have been known to cause burns to the eyes, skin, digestive system, and lungs. And, prolonged exposure can cause permanent damage, and in some cases death. Sodium hydroxide is also harmful to aquatic life. That is because when sodium hydroxide comes in contact with water, it creates an exothermic reaction. Meaning it makes the water hot. Sometimes too hot for marine animals to survive.  CARBON DISULFIDE There is also use of carbon disulfide. Workers exposed to carbon disulfide have complained of dizziness, poor sleep, headaches, anxiety, lack of appetite from stomach problems, and vision changes when inhaled. It is also believed the chemical can cause harm to the eyes, kidneys, heart, liver, nerves and skin.  SULFURIC ACID Exposure to sulfuric acid can cause pulmonary edema – or a build-up of fluid in the lungs, which is a medical emergency. Repeated exposure can cause permanent damage. While the way we handle these chemicals has improved through the years to protect the works in manufacturing plants, it is still important to remember that these are some heavy-duty chemicals, and in the wrong hands or without the proper safety guidance can cause serious lifelong problems. It is Super Absorbent While this is pro for the dying process, as mentioned above. It can be a negative for garment wearability and comfort. If you have ever noticed, sometimes when you are super hot, and sweating a lot, your cotton shirt might feel really heavy. That is because all of the sweat from your body is quickly absorbing into the shirt like a sponge. So, you could understand why modal would be a terrible choice of fiber for swim and athletic wear. It Pills and Snags Many online articles are reporting that modal does not pill. And, that simply is not the case.  I have run dozens of clothing programs that use modal fabric. And one of the things I always discuss with my clients is that while the fabric looks beautiful straight out of the factory, there might be some complaints in the future after the customer washes it a few times.  There are also newer modals that tend to pill less. Make sure to be very clear with your development and manufacturing team that you want an option engineered to pill less. WHEN IS MODAL APPROPRIATE IN YOUR GARMENT DESIGN?   Many brands get confused about what fibers they should use for what type of products. So, I am going to break that down quickly for you.  Because, here is the thing. You can have the nicest garment design, but if you use the wrong fibers and fabrics, it will be a disaster. So, for all of these examples, let’s pretend we are designing a dress, and then decide which fiber would be best for the design. VISCOSE VS MODAL The first thing to remember is that viscose and modal are both rayons. But, they have some different properties. Modal tends to have a silkier feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more breathable. Generally speaking, modal tends to have a more luxurious feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more expensive.  Our dress example: Both viscose and modal are going to create a very flowy breezy dress. But, if you are concerned with comfort, especially in hot weather, you would want to opt for modal.  Also, if you want a more luxury product (read, sell for more money), modal does tend to have a more luxurious feel and appearance than viscose.  TENCEL VS MODAL Again, modal and Tencel are both different types of rayon. But, while modal mimics silk, Tencel tends to feel more like cotton. Except, a more comfy cotton. Our dress example: Modal and tencel are both going to offer a lot of movement and flowyness in the fabric. But, if you want the fabric to have higher shine, and feel more like silk, you should choose modal.  If you want the dress to have more of that cozy cotton feel, then choose Tencel. MODAL FABRIC VS COTTON Modal is a semi-synthetic rayon that was created to feel like silk. Cotton is a natural fabric that tends to feel a little more rugged. Naturally, cotton has a much stiffer handfeel than modal. Our dress example: A dress made with cotton will be more rigid, and tend to have a lot more structure (think a woven button-down poplin shirt). Whereas, a dress made with modal will be flowy with movement or a light breeze.  MODAL FABRIC VS POLYESTER Modal and poly are both going to offer shine and drape comparable to silk. Generally, polyester is considered an easy care fabric. Meaning it does not wrinkle, and is very easy to wash. The downside to polyester though, is that it is basically a plastic and tends not to breath well – meaning it isn’t great for the heat.  Our dress example: If you want something that will not wrinkle (thinking packing in a suitcase for vacation) polyester is going to be your best bet. But, it’s also going to be hot and sweaty. If you also want the dress to be comfortable, especially in hot weather, I would pick modal (just remember to pack a steamer for those wrinkles).  Also, from a sustainability standpoint modal fabric is the clear winner here. IS PAYING MORE FOR LENZING FIBERS WORTH IT? In my opinion, yes.  You don’t just get the traceability of the brand, you also get tons of technological innovations that were meant to solve problems and help you create the best product possible. That is because, Lenzing doesn’t just make 1 type of modal – they actually make 9 different types (as of April 2023).  A few of my favorites… These different types of fibers aim to solve different problems for the customer. Lenzing micro technology is used to make modal micro and modal micro air. This technology produces finer and lighter fibers that are better suited for athletic wear.  Lenzing eco color technology creates modal color and modal color black. These fibers are a special set of options that come in premade color options. The color is actually added into the liquid mix, before it is turned into solid fibers. The benefit to this type of technology is that there is no additional dying process – meaning it saves a TON (literally) of water and energy. The downside is, brands must choose from a predetermined set of colors. But another benefit to this technology is that it tends to have better color retention (meaning will not fade) compared to other traditional dye methods. The color black is notorious for fading, so the fact that Lenzing makes a special black option is noteworthy. And, Lenzing indigo color, is just what it sounds like an indigo denim modal option. IS MODAL REALLY SUSTAINABLE? I saved this for the end. Because, to answer it you need to understand all the ins and outs, and pros and cons of using it. The thing is, sustainability isn’t black and white. It isn’t good and bad. Sustainability is about doing the best you can.  So, if you are using polyester for a dress, and can use modal then ya, it’s probably a more sustainable option. But, if using modal, like in the example of swimwear, creates a lower quality product, something that people won’t like using, and will just leave in their closets, ultimately end up in a landfill, then, no it’s not. At the end of the day if something is sustainable or not is determined by you and your values, not what a magazine article says. There you go! All of the secrets have been revealed. Once you understand everything there is to know about modal, and by now you do, it’s really up to you if you consider an option for you or not. Remember, there is no right or wrong answer. WHERE TO BUY MODAL FABRIC BEST PLACES TO BUY SUSTAINABLE MODAL FABRIC Lenzing Global tradeshows  ADDITIONAL FIBER RESOURCES  What is rayon What is polyester Recycled cotton What is tencel lyocell, and is it sustainable?  DO YOU PLAN TO USE MODAL IN YOUR FASHION BRAND?  Sustainable clothing brands, let me know in the comments - what do you think now that you really understand, what is modal fabric? Are you going to use it in your line? Source link

[oliviajoyice21]

Today, modal fabric is used as a sustainable and vegan silk alternative. For many brands that want to offer more affordable, sustainable options to their customers - modal fabric makes that possible without compromising a luxurious look and feel. But, there is a secret to substituting modal for silk. And, it’s understanding that not all modals are the same. Don’t worry, I am going to give you the cheat code. Let’s start from the beginning - what is modal fabric? And what is the material used in? BUT BEFORE WE GET STARTED... I love helping startup brand founders succeed, so I created a bunch of free guides that will help you with your business. They won’t be free forever, so make sure to grab them while you can. WHAT YOU’LL LEARN What is modal fiber? Evolution of rayons and the invention of modal How is modal fabric made? Properties of modal fabrics  stretch feel shrinkage absorbency wrinkle hot and cold weather Washing and care instructions Should you use modal in your clothing line?  4 pros of modal 3 cons of modal This or that? Viscose vs modal Tencel vs modal Modal vs cotton Modal vs polyester Is the Lenzing modal better?  Is modal really sustainable?  Where to buy modal fabric Additional fiber resources  NO TIME TO READ? CHECK OUT THIS 60 SECOND SLIDE DECK    WHAT IS MODAL FIBER FIBER VS. FABRIC  All fabrics are made up of fibers.  Fibers are single strands about the width of a human hair. These fibers can be natural like cotton and silk, or man-made like modal and Tencel. The fibers are then spun together into a yarn. And from there the yarns are combined to form a fabric through weaving or knitting.  Modal is a fiber. And modal fibers make up a modal fabric.  You can have modal knit fabrics and modal woven fabrics. Think of it this way, modal is like eggs. An egg is an egg. But with that egg you can make all sorts of dishes - scrambled eggs, an omelet, poached, etc. That’s exactly the relationship between fibers and fabrics. MODAL VS RAYON But, modal fiber is also a type of rayon.   Confusing right? Rayon is the umbrella term for different man made semi-synthetic fibers that are made out of cellulose (plant material). Other types of rayon include Tencel, Lyocell, Viscose, and Bamboo fabric. Another term for rayon fibers is regenerated cellulosic fiber (not to be confused with regenerative farming, which is a totally different thing). HISTORY AND INVENTION OF MODAL FABRIC Fiber science is an evolution. It is constantly changing, especially today with new technologies and variations being discovered regularly. Modal is an extension of that evolution.  First came the invention of viscose, which was then improved, and modal was invented. Modal fabric is considered second-generation viscose (Tencel and lyocell are third-generation).  While many people think of viscose as an alternative to cotton, it was actually invented by French scientist Hilaire de Chardonnet as an alternative to silk. The first viscose was extremely flammable and had to be recalled from the market because it was just too dangerous. This led to the German Bemberg Company developing a less flammable and more consumer-friendly variation. While the Bemberg Company just wanted to make something that wouldn’t explode into flames while cooking breakfast, the inventors of modal (in Japan in 1951) set out to create a more sustainable option.  HOW IS MODAL FIBER MADE? The scientific process. Yea, this might be a bit boring. I mean, we are here for fashion, not science, right? But, understanding this process will help you understand the sustainable advances in modal rayon, as well as some greenwashing to avoid. So, bear with me. Step 1 – Gathering Cellulose What is modal fabric made out of?  In modal, the source of the cellulose (plant material) is beech trees. The reason beech trees were chosen for modal is because they propagate easily. Meaning, they are very easy to grow. Theoretically, you can take a branch from a birch tree, stick it in the ground, and grow another one. And, birch trees also grow very quickly – they don’t take the centuries that great oaks take. This makes birch an ideal sustainable source of cellulose. It can be regrown easily and quickly, preventing deforestation from tropical rainforest areas.  Step 2 - The Wood Pulp Breakdown This part of the production process is not so earth friendly. In this step, the wood pulp is broken down. First into tiny wood chips, then into a liquid with the help of some pretty harsh chemicals - sodium hydroxide used. Step 3 - Liquid Modal More chemicals - carbon disulfate - is added to make a liquid modal fiber. And a chemical reaction takes place to create and orange substance called sodium cellulose xanthate.  We'll get more into all the chemicals used in a little bit. Step 4 - Extrusion The liquid modal fiber is then pushed through a spinneret, something that looks like a mini shower head, into another chemical solution - this time sulfuric acid. This causes the orange chemical solution to solidify, creating fibers. Step 5 - Repeat Then, the process is repeated with some of the waste. Modal was the first fiber to attempt a closed-loop model. Meaning, the waste of the process could go back into the system to make more of the fiber.  Modal is not a perfect closed-loop system; while some waste produced can go back into the system, not all of it can. That is why modal production is often referred to as a semi-closed loop system.  While this is much more environmentally friendly than traditional viscose, third-generation lyocell was able to completely close the loop, making an even more sustainable product. WHERE IS MODAL FABRIC MADE? Modal fabric is made all over the world, but production hubs are located in Austria, China, and even the United States. MODAL FABRIC PROPERTIES What does modal fabric feel like? Is modal fabric stretchy? Modal fibers on their own are not very stretchy. But, you can make them stretchy through fabric construction. Knit fabrics tend to have a lot of natural engineered stretch in them. So a knit modal fabric, compared to a woven modal fabric will be more stretchy.  If more stretch is needed then it is possible through fabric design - elastic, spandex, or lycra which are fibers with natural stretch in them, can be added. How does modal fabric feel? Modal fabric manufactured from beech trees feels similar to silk or synthetic bamboo fabric. It is slick, shiny, and tends to have a cooler feel.  Does modal fabric shrink? Modal fibers are very stable and tend not to shrink. But (And, this is a big ‘but’) just because a fiber does not shrink that does not mean a fabric won’t.  When fabrics are knit or woven into textiles the yarns that make them are stretched. After the textiles come off the machines, they relax a little, meaning they shrink a little. Then, when water is added (think washing), they relax even more, and shrink even more. Knit fabrics (mentioned above for their stretch), tend to shrink a lot when washed for the first time.  So, be careful. Just because modal itself does not shrink, that does not mean your shirt won't. Is modal fabric breathable? Yes. Modal is very breathable and performs similarly to cotton.  The trick to assessing if a fabric is breathable or not is looking at if it absorbent. Fabrics that have higher absorbancy rates, tend to be more breathable.  Does modal fabric wrinkle? When it comes to wrinkles, modal is pretty middle ground. Cotton and linen tend to wrinkle more, but modal is not as wrinkle resistant as polyester.  If you want a wrinkle resistant modal, I would recommend using a knit fabric instead of a woven one. That is because, in general, knit fabrics tend to wrinkle less than wovens. Is modal fabric warm? Modal fibers do not offer much insulation, so they are not good for cold weather.  They do offer good wicking capabilities, which make them a great choice for warm weather. The secret to good fabrics for hot weather is not just fabrics that absorb sweat, but fabrics that can wick (meaning move) the moisture away from the body, and disperse moisture, to help it evaporate quickly.  That cool feeling comes from evaporation.   How do you wash modal fiber? Washing and care instructions for modal fabric will depend on the knit, weave, and other manufacturing details. But as a good rule of thumb, wash in cold water, and dry on delicate. Modal fibers can be steamed and ironed, but try to use a low setting to not damage the fibers with excessive heat. SHOULD YOU USE MODAL IN YOUR CLOTHING DESIGNS?  To figure out if using modal fabric is the right choice for you, I want to tell you about a few modal fabrics pros and cons. Let’s start with the pros. MODAL FABRIC PROS It’s a Good Financial Alternative to Silk Today modal is used as a silk alternative for both price and ethics. Modal is a fraction of the price of real silk. For example, the same dress that would be about $25 to produce in modal, would cost about $50 or more to make in silk. That’s a huge difference. It’s Vegan The other pro to using Modal is that it is vegan. If you didn’t know, there is a lot of crossover between the sustainable and vegan fashion spaces. By using a vegan option, brands are able to appeal to a wider customer base. It Does Not Contribute to Deforestation While the use of viscose was a step in the right direction (in my humble opinion), like everything, it is not perfect. And, one of the biggest issues with viscose is that it could be contributing to deforestation. However, with modal, specifically the Austrian company Lenzing’s modal, there tends to be much more transparency in the supply chain. Lenzing is one of the biggest suppliers of modal in the world. The company works hard to eliminate deforestation and verify where all its cellulose is coming from. And, because modal is only using birch trees and not any old type of tree, like viscose rayon, the process of verification and tightening the supply chain tends to be easier.  It has High Wet Modulus (HWM) One of the downsides to using viscose is that it tends to stretch out, especially when wet. That makes washing and caring for viscose difficult. High wet modulus, or HWM means that a fiber is actually stronger when wet. In the case of modal, it is about 50% stronger when wet. That means that it is a lot easier to wash and care for modal than viscose. And, in the world of sustainable fashion, that is a really good thing. Because the easier a garment is to wash, the longer it will last, and the longer it lasts, the less likely it is to end up in a landfill.  Modal tends to be easy to dye because of the fiber’s high absorption rate (how fast it sucks that dye right up). There also tends to be less damage (read money lost) during the dying process because of the increased strength. CONS OF MODAL It Still Uses Chemicals  Many people believe that rayons are natural because they are made from plants. But, as I explained earlier, a lot of chemicals go into the fiber manufacturing process.  SODIUM HYDROXIDE Sodium hydroxide is just one example of those chemicals. High concentrations of sodium hydroxide have been known to cause burns to the eyes, skin, digestive system, and lungs. And, prolonged exposure can cause permanent damage, and in some cases death. Sodium hydroxide is also harmful to aquatic life. That is because when sodium hydroxide comes in contact with water, it creates an exothermic reaction. Meaning it makes the water hot. Sometimes too hot for marine animals to survive.  CARBON DISULFIDE There is also use of carbon disulfide. Workers exposed to carbon disulfide have complained of dizziness, poor sleep, headaches, anxiety, lack of appetite from stomach problems, and vision changes when inhaled. It is also believed the chemical can cause harm to the eyes, kidneys, heart, liver, nerves and skin.  SULFURIC ACID Exposure to sulfuric acid can cause pulmonary edema – or a build-up of fluid in the lungs, which is a medical emergency. Repeated exposure can cause permanent damage. While the way we handle these chemicals has improved through the years to protect the works in manufacturing plants, it is still important to remember that these are some heavy-duty chemicals, and in the wrong hands or without the proper safety guidance can cause serious lifelong problems. It is Super Absorbent While this is pro for the dying process, as mentioned above. It can be a negative for garment wearability and comfort. If you have ever noticed, sometimes when you are super hot, and sweating a lot, your cotton shirt might feel really heavy. That is because all of the sweat from your body is quickly absorbing into the shirt like a sponge. So, you could understand why modal would be a terrible choice of fiber for swim and athletic wear. It Pills and Snags Many online articles are reporting that modal does not pill. And, that simply is not the case.  I have run dozens of clothing programs that use modal fabric. And one of the things I always discuss with my clients is that while the fabric looks beautiful straight out of the factory, there might be some complaints in the future after the customer washes it a few times.  There are also newer modals that tend to pill less. Make sure to be very clear with your development and manufacturing team that you want an option engineered to pill less. WHEN IS MODAL APPROPRIATE IN YOUR GARMENT DESIGN?   Many brands get confused about what fibers they should use for what type of products. So, I am going to break that down quickly for you.  Because, here is the thing. You can have the nicest garment design, but if you use the wrong fibers and fabrics, it will be a disaster. So, for all of these examples, let’s pretend we are designing a dress, and then decide which fiber would be best for the design. VISCOSE VS MODAL The first thing to remember is that viscose and modal are both rayons. But, they have some different properties. Modal tends to have a silkier feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more breathable. Generally speaking, modal tends to have a more luxurious feel than viscose, and it also tends to be more expensive.  Our dress example: Both viscose and modal are going to create a very flowy breezy dress. But, if you are concerned with comfort, especially in hot weather, you would want to opt for modal.  Also, if you want a more luxury product (read, sell for more money), modal does tend to have a more luxurious feel and appearance than viscose.  TENCEL VS MODAL Again, modal and Tencel are both different types of rayon. But, while modal mimics silk, Tencel tends to feel more like cotton. Except, a more comfy cotton. Our dress example: Modal and tencel are both going to offer a lot of movement and flowyness in the fabric. But, if you want the fabric to have higher shine, and feel more like silk, you should choose modal.  If you want the dress to have more of that cozy cotton feel, then choose Tencel. MODAL FABRIC VS COTTON Modal is a semi-synthetic rayon that was created to feel like silk. Cotton is a natural fabric that tends to feel a little more rugged. Naturally, cotton has a much stiffer handfeel than modal. Our dress example: A dress made with cotton will be more rigid, and tend to have a lot more structure (think a woven button-down poplin shirt). Whereas, a dress made with modal will be flowy with movement or a light breeze.  MODAL FABRIC VS POLYESTER Modal and poly are both going to offer shine and drape comparable to silk. Generally, polyester is considered an easy care fabric. Meaning it does not wrinkle, and is very easy to wash. The downside to polyester though, is that it is basically a plastic and tends not to breath well – meaning it isn’t great for the heat.  Our dress example: If you want something that will not wrinkle (thinking packing in a suitcase for vacation) polyester is going to be your best bet. But, it’s also going to be hot and sweaty. If you also want the dress to be comfortable, especially in hot weather, I would pick modal (just remember to pack a steamer for those wrinkles).  Also, from a sustainability standpoint modal fabric is the clear winner here. IS PAYING MORE FOR LENZING FIBERS WORTH IT? In my opinion, yes.  You don’t just get the traceability of the brand, you also get tons of technological innovations that were meant to solve problems and help you create the best product possible. That is because, Lenzing doesn’t just make 1 type of modal – they actually make 9 different types (as of April 2023).  A few of my favorites… These different types of fibers aim to solve different problems for the customer. Lenzing micro technology is used to make modal micro and modal micro air. This technology produces finer and lighter fibers that are better suited for athletic wear.  Lenzing eco color technology creates modal color and modal color black. These fibers are a special set of options that come in premade color options. The color is actually added into the liquid mix, before it is turned into solid fibers. The benefit to this type of technology is that there is no additional dying process – meaning it saves a TON (literally) of water and energy. The downside is, brands must choose from a predetermined set of colors. But another benefit to this technology is that it tends to have better color retention (meaning will not fade) compared to other traditional dye methods. The color black is notorious for fading, so the fact that Lenzing makes a special black option is noteworthy. And, Lenzing indigo color, is just what it sounds like an indigo denim modal option. IS MODAL REALLY SUSTAINABLE? I saved this for the end. Because, to answer it you need to understand all the ins and outs, and pros and cons of using it. The thing is, sustainability isn’t black and white. It isn’t good and bad. Sustainability is about doing the best you can.  So, if you are using polyester for a dress, and can use modal then ya, it’s probably a more sustainable option. But, if using modal, like in the example of swimwear, creates a lower quality product, something that people won’t like using, and will just leave in their closets, ultimately end up in a landfill, then, no it’s not. At the end of the day if something is sustainable or not is determined by you and your values, not what a magazine article says. There you go! All of the secrets have been revealed. Once you understand everything there is to know about modal, and by now you do, it’s really up to you if you consider an option for you or not. Remember, there is no right or wrong answer. WHERE TO BUY MODAL FABRIC BEST PLACES TO BUY SUSTAINABLE MODAL FABRIC Lenzing Global tradeshows  ADDITIONAL FIBER RESOURCES  What is rayon What is polyester Recycled cotton What is tencel lyocell, and is it sustainable?  DO YOU PLAN TO USE MODAL IN YOUR FASHION BRAND?  Sustainable clothing brands, let me know in the comments - what do you think now that you really understand, what is modal fabric? Are you going to use it in your line? Source link

[stevetickolo24]

A Guide to Choosing the Perfect Intimate Outfit for Every Occasion: From Romantic Evenings to Casual Days at Home

Intimate wear is more than just clothing—it’s an expression of personality, confidence, and comfort. Whether you’re dressing for a romantic evening, a casual day at home, or something in between, selecting the right intimate outfit can elevate your mood and enhance your overall experience. This guide will help you choose the perfect ensemble for every occasion, ensuring you feel both stylish and comfortable.

Romantic Evenings: Set the Mood For romantic occasions, such as date nights or anniversaries, opt for pieces that exude elegance and sensuality.

Key Tips: Fabrics: Lace, silk, and satin are timeless choices that feel luxurious against the skin. Colors: Deep reds, blacks, and jewel tones like emerald or sapphire create a seductive vibe. Styles: Consider matching sets, teddies, or chemises with intricate detailing like embroidery or mesh panels. Accessories: Pair with a silk robe, stockings, or a garter belt for an extra touch of allure.

Example: A black lace teddy with a plunging neckline and a satin robe can create a captivating look while still being comfortable.

Casual Days at Home: Prioritize Comfort For lounging at home, your intimate outfit should strike a balance between comfort and style. Think cozy yet chic pieces that make you feel at ease.

Key Tips: Fabrics: Cotton, modal, or jersey are soft, breathable options. Colors: Light pastels, neutrals, or playful prints can brighten your mood. Styles: Bralettes, boyshorts, or loose-fitting camisoles paired with high-waisted briefs work well. Layering: Add an oversized cardigan or a plush robe for extra warmth and coziness.

Example: A pastel-colored bralette and matching boyshorts set paired with a knit cardigan is perfect for relaxing in style.

Special Occasions: Make a Statement Special events call for outfits that feel unique and memorable. Whether it’s a bridal night, birthday celebration, or another milestone, select pieces that make you feel extraordinary.

Key Tips: Fabrics: Opt for unique textures like velvet, shimmer fabrics, or embellished details. Colors: White and champagne work well for bridal occasions, while bold colors like gold or deep purple can add drama. Styles: Corsets, bustiers, or longline bras paired with matching bottoms can create a sophisticated look. Personalization: Consider custom embroidery or monogrammed pieces for a personal touch.

Example: A champagne satin corset with gold embroidery paired with matching high-waisted briefs creates a stunning bridal look.

Travel: Versatility is Key When packing for a trip, versatility and comfort should be top priorities. Choose pieces that can multitask and adapt to different settings.

Key Tips: Fabrics: Wrinkle-resistant materials like microfiber or blended fabrics are ideal. Colors: Neutral tones or classic black are easy to mix and match. Styles: Seamless bralettes, multi-way bras, and lightweight robes offer flexibility. Practicality: Include pieces that can double as loungewear or layering items.

Example: A seamless nude bralette and bikini brief set that can transition from daywear to sleepwear is perfect for travel.

Confidence is the Best Accessory No matter the occasion, the key to choosing the perfect intimate outfit lies in selecting pieces that make you feel confident and comfortable in your own skin. Pay attention to fit, quality, and your personal style preferences to create a look that’s uniquely yours.

Final Tip: Invest in a variety of pieces that cater to different moods and occasions, and don’t be afraid to experiment with colors, styles, and textures.