#mining licence

[tenementconsultant]

Underground vs. Open-Pit Copper Mining: Pros and Cons

Copper is one of the most essential metals in modern industry, used in everything from electrical wiring to renewable energy solutions. But before it reaches manufacturers and consumers, copper must be extracted from the earth through mining. There are two primary methods for mining copper: underground mining and open-pit mining. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, affecting everything from environmental impact to economic feasibility. In this article, we’ll explore the key differences between these two techniques, helping you understand their benefits and challenges.

What is Open-Pit Copper Mining?

Open-pit mining is the most commonly used method for extracting copper when the ore is located relatively close to the surface. This technique involves removing layers of rock and soil to expose the mineral deposit. Large-scale excavation equipment, such as haul trucks and electric shovels, is used to extract and transport the ore for processing.

Pros of Open-Pit Copper Mining

✅ High Production Rates: Open-pit mining allows for large quantities of copper ore to be extracted efficiently, making it more cost-effective for companies.

✅ Lower Operational Costs: Since the ore is closer to the surface, excavation is less expensive compared to underground mining.

✅ Easier Access to Ore: Open-pit mining provides direct access to large ore deposits without the need for deep tunnelling.

✅ Safer Working Conditions: Because mining occurs at or near the surface, workers are less exposed to risks such as tunnel collapses or underground gas build-ups.

Cons of Open-Pit Copper Mining

❌ Significant Environmental Impact: Large-scale excavation can lead to deforestation, habitat destruction, and air pollution due to dust and emissions.

❌ Visual Pollution: Open-pit mines create massive scars on the landscape that can be seen from miles away, affecting local ecosystems and communities.

❌ Water Contamination Risks: Chemicals used in the extraction process can seep into groundwater, leading to potential water pollution.

❌ Limited Depth: Once the accessible surface ore is depleted, deeper deposits may require switching to underground mining.

What is Underground Copper Mining?

Underground mining is used when copper ore is located deep beneath the surface and cannot be efficiently reached through open-pit methods. This method involves digging tunnels and shafts to access the ore body, which is then extracted using specialized machinery.

Pros of Underground Copper Mining

✅ Less Surface Disruption: Since underground mining does not require large-scale excavation, it has a much smaller impact on the surrounding environment.

✅ Preserves Landscapes: Unlike open pits, underground mines do not drastically alter the natural scenery.

✅ Lower Water and Air Pollution: The contained nature of underground operations helps reduce exposure to pollutants.

✅ Access to Deeper Ore Deposits: Underground mining allows miners to extract copper from deeper levels, making it possible to tap into resources that open-pit methods cannot reach.

Cons of Underground Copper Mining

❌ Higher Costs: The construction of tunnels, ventilation systems, and safety measures makes underground mining significantly more expensive.

❌ Increased Safety Risks: Workers face cave-ins, underground explosions, and poor air quality hazards.

❌ Lower Production Rates: Compared to open-pit mining, underground extraction is slower and yields smaller quantities of ore.

❌ Complex Logistics: Transporting ore from deep underground to the surface requires additional equipment and time, increasing operational complexity.

Which Method is Better?

There is no single best method for copper mining; the choice between open-pit and underground mining depends on various factors, including:

Depth of the Ore Deposit: Shallow ore bodies are better suited for open-pit mining, while deeper deposits require underground extraction.

Environmental Regulations: Some regions have stricter laws on surface mining, making underground mining the only viable option.

Economic Considerations: Open-pit mining is often more profitable due to lower operational costs, but underground mining becomes necessary when deeper reserves hold significant value.

Local Community Impact: Open-pit mines can have a larger social and environmental footprint, while underground mining can reduce land disturbances.

Final Thoughts

Both open-pit and underground copper mining have their advantages and disadvantages. Open-pit mining is more cost-effective and productive but comes with greater environmental concerns. On the other hand, underground mining is less invasive but requires higher investment and poses more risks for workers. As the demand for copper continues to rise, mining companies must balance efficiency, safety, and sustainability to ensure responsible resource extraction. Whether through technological advancements or improved environmental practices, the future of copper mining will likely involve a mix of both methods, providing a steady supply of this essential metal for global industries.

[gothcatboygirl]

I FINALLY GOT MY DRIVERS LICENSE!!! kind of...

[newsfromstolenland]

Some highlights from the past year's rejected personalized license plates in ontario:

BANKROBR

GRASSBOY

STU.PITT

COP2SLO

[vilecemetery]

I just turned 17 and am now the age of both kaz brekker in six of crows and the dancing queen 😌

[charmixpower]

Hello!! I drew me and my friends Winxsonas together 💕

Going to the right: I'm on top, @snarky-art aka Taylor, @parola-di-winx aka Nove, @giantratbf aka Bee, and @nymphietonkslupin aka Madhu

They're all wonderful, so definitely check out their blogs!! Talyor, Bee, and Nove also drew us all! So keep your eyes peeled for that!

[sapphic-space-syren]

why is!! applying for jobs!! the Worst!!!!

[cyrafoam]

Okay never sacrifice sleep to draw art. because I slept for 14 hours today and had vivid dreams about meeting Neil deGrasse Tyson at a gas station that he is in love with. listen I don't know either.

[groupwest]

squeak…

[fictionisthebetterreality]

Shepard wakes up. Earth is in ruins. The Citadel is in pieces. The Alliance Navy is trying to put it all back together.

No one has seen the NORMANDY, or its crew.

-

She searches.

Days turn to weeks. Weeks turn to months. Or, she assumes they must. She stops keeping track.

Catalyst was right, as it turns out. Their tech is reduced to sparking heaps of metalwork; glitching at best, unresponsive at worst. Their surviving engineers get to work with a familiar, frenzied, desperate sense of purpose, and she doesn't mention Catalyst's promise, that everything should be salvageable.

She tries not to think about the Geth.

She won't let herself think about EDI.

The engineers are heralded as heroes when the first starship takes to space again, and she does nothing, says nothing to contradict it. She tells no one that their survival now, is not due to their humanity.

Her humanity.

Fallen Dreadnoughts litter the sky above Earth, their hulking carcasses blotting out the sun like clouds made of steel and death. Deadened Reaper ships float alongside them, tentacles forever frozen in a final death-spasm. Several are already establishing themselves in Earth’s orbit, visible as daytime stars. People start naming them in the style of constellations, complete with myths that are nowhere near as horrifying as the truth.

There are only a few intact ships left. The Alliance fleets are limping and crawling into dock at the Citadel, and every ship that is repaired to barely workable condition is snapped up, sent to search the debris for survivors, for resources, for anything useful. Their scans are breathtaking, thousands of wrecks already breaking down, breaking apart as solar wind and radiation whirl around planets and blast the broken hulls into pieces.

They’d thought Space was quiet once. Peaceful, even.

There are too few working ships to spare even one, certainly not for a personal mission. There are hundreds of thousands of people missing loved ones, family and friends disappeared in the chaos of battle. She prefers it, seeing the endless wallpaper of MISSING that covers every available surface; glitching holographs alongside crude hand-drawings, sometimes just a name carved into rock. Anything to find those missing.

It is so much easier to see that, than to catch sight of a sudden reunion in the street, to hear the surprised shouts and inevitable tears of relief and joy that follow. To hear the familiar litany of "Have you seen...?" and to see a person nod the affirmative, point their hand towards a building or some other destination that is undoubtably reachable.

There are too few working ships to spare even one.

Not even for a soldier gone AWOL.

[usagi-zakura]

My grandma's car was lime green.

It wasn't a great color for a car, I acknowledge that... however I still liked that it was that color because I am bad at recognizing cars, but I could recognize hers from a mile away.

Unlike my dad's car which is black like half the other cars in the neighborhood... One time I called him to pick me up, and watched for the dozens of (in my eyes) identical black cars driving by... but then spotted the lime green and I knew that was him, using grandma's old car for whatever reason.

You don't need to make your car rainbow if that's too expensive. But please make them different colors than white and black.

[tenementconsultant]

Revolutionary Technology Transforming Rare Earths Processing

Introduction:

In a significant advancement for the mining industry, MTM Critical Metals has unveiled a groundbreaking enhancement to its Flash Joule Heating (FJH) technology. This innovative two-step process has the potential to revolutionize how rare earth elements (REEs) are processed, offering both economic and environmental benefits. For stakeholders in mining tenement management, including those in Western Australia (WA), this development could redefine resource efficiency and sustainability.

This development could redefine resource efficiency and sustainability for stakeholders in mining tenement management, including those in Western Australia (WA)

The Current Challenges in Rare Earth Processing

Traditional methods of processing rare earth elements rely heavily on "cracking and leaching," which involves sulfuric acid baking at high temperatures. This approach, while effective, comes at a high cost:

High Energy Demand: Maintaining elevated temperatures requires substantial energy input.

Excessive Water Usage: Vast volumes of water are necessary to dissolve sparingly soluble REE sulfates.

Complex Refinement Needs: The process generates partially soluble sulfates, adding complexity to downstream refinement.

The Breakthrough: Flash Joule Heating Technology

MTM’s FJH technology offers an innovative alternative, which is creating purified REE chlorides in a single, streamlined operation. This process bypasses traditional inefficiencies and sets a new benchmark for rare earth extraction.

Key Achievements of FJH Technology

Initial Success (November 2024):

Removed nearly 50% of impurities such as iron, aluminum, calcium, and phosphorus in one step.

Reduced water consumption and chemical usage, simplifying refinement processes.

Recent Advancements:

Achieved 95% removal of impurities in a single step.

Converted 93% of REEs into chlorides using optimized carbo-chlorination parameters.

Economic and Environmental Benefits

The FJH technology delivers significant advantages, particularly for those involved in tenement management and mining projects:

Reduced Costs: Streamlined processing lowers operational expenses.

Sustainability: The method minimizes water usage and reduces reliance on harmful chemicals.

Strategic Independence: Decreases dependence on foreign supply chains, such as China, for REEs.

Strategic Value of REE Chlorides

The ability to produce REE chlorides instead of traditional sulfates marks a pivotal shift in processing. Chlorides are more refined and easier to handle, adding value to the end product. This is particularly important for high-demand magnet REEs like neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), dysprosium (Dy), and terbium (Tb), which are critical for technologies such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.

The Road Ahead for MTM and Mining Tenements

Michael Walshe, MTM’s Managing Director and CEO, emphasized the transformative potential of FJH technology. The company plans to expand its testing programs throughout 2025, exploring applications across various critical metal feedstocks, including rare earths, lithium, and e-waste.

For mining tenements in WA and beyond, this innovation represents a leap forward in operational efficiency and environmental responsibility. As tenement managers evaluate new technologies, FJH could become a cornerstone for sustainable practices in the industry.

Conclusion:

MTM Critical Metals’ advancements in Flash Joule Heating technology signal a bright future for rare earth processing. By simplifying extraction processes, reducing resource consumption, and enhancing sustainability, FJH technology aligns with the evolving priorities of the mining industry. For those managing mining tenements, especially in resource-rich regions like WA, embracing such innovations could redefine the landscape of mineral exploration and extraction.

Explore how MTM's breakthroughs are setting new standards for rare earths processing and shaping the future of tenement management.

[ramswaroops-blog]

[gingermeadows]

woke up this morning in a panic and realized my licence is expired

[cosmogenous2]

It makes sense, too, why people are not energetic in the current generation. Inflation is high, and the prices are high compared to the salaries/money they're earning, which is nothing. And everything is so expensive.

That was not the case in the 1900s. Man, times have changed so drastically, but unfortunately, not in a good way.

Living in today's time is basically about survival.

you're right. i'd be way more energetic if i wasn't worried about finances

[menxisan]

I put some Digimon movie on TV and I was thinking, a precure movie could have and maybe has the same plot, and then I thought but It would be imposible to watch them dubbed, and then I remembered the first two are dubbed and Googled It since they are not on the pirate sites... and then I discovered that there is a star twinkle fandub??? That sounds profesional???

And this is the thing that makes me feel that que are living in the future.

[tomshivbaby]

my driving toxic trait is that i drive normally and fine but i'm crying the whole time