#martin luther kin jr

[calendarprintlab]

Martin Luther King, one of the most influential persons ever who was born 15th January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The Nobel Peace Prize Winner (1964) is still in the hearts of billions of people. MLK was mainly known as Baptist Minister and activist who led several movements like Civil Rights, Peace, and Anti-War. He was the son of Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams King. In 1953, he married to Coretta Scott who gave birth to Yolanda, Martin III, Dexter, and Bernice. Today, the United States of America honor him as Martin Luther King Jr. Day every year on the 3rd Monday of the January month. Today, you are going to collect some images, quotes and status updates.

[academicallyhysterical]

This is a little snippet from a personal thesis paper I'm writing. It's not for university or any graded praise, simply something I do for fun and to challenge myself academically. In times like these, you have to weaponize your intelligence. The one thing that they can't steal from you, is the knowledge you already have. Keep in mind this is a very rough draft, written on my android mobile phone at 4am after many sleepless nights and far too much instant coffee with creamer that might very well have been expired.

Modern Nazis. Now given the title "The Alt- Right" by the media. Is this simply a radical political identity? Or something far more sinister? We as a nation have seen time and time again; the fall of democracy and empires. What most classes don't teach, is that an empire has an average lifespan of 250 years. Ladies and gentlemen, the United States of America is on its 249th year.

So, what exactly is a Nazi; or for the purpose of this piece, "The Alt-Right". SPLC law defines the Alt-Right in the following, "The Alternative Right, commonly known as the “alt-right,” is a set of far-right ideologies, groups and individuals whose core belief is that “white identity” is under attack by multicultural forces using “political correctness” and “social justice” to undermine white people and “their” civilization." Here are some notable quotes detailing their beliefs.

“Martin Luther King Jr., a fraud and degenerate in his life, has become the symbol and cynosure of White Dispossession and the deconstruction of Occidental civilization. We must overcome!”

—National Policy Institute column, January 2014

“Since we are fighting for nothing less than the biological survival of our race, and since the vast bulk of Jews oppose us, we need to err on the side of caution and have no association with Jews whatsoever. Any genuine Jewish well-wishers will understand, since they know what their people are like better than we ever can. Saving our race is something that we will have to do ourselves alone.”

—Greg Johnson, “White Nationalism & Jewish Nationalism,” August 2011

“Those who promote miscegenation, usury, or any other forms of racial suicide should be sent to re-education centers, not tolerated.”

—Matthew Heimbach, “I Hate Freedom,” Traditionalist Youth Network, July 7, 2013

“This is our home and our kith and kin. Borders matter, identity matters, blood matters, libertarians and their capitalism can move to Somalia if they want to live without rules, in the West we must have standards and enforce them. The ‘freedom’ for other races to move freely into white nations is nonexistent. Stay in your own nations, we don’t want you here.”

—Matthew Heimbach, “I Hate Freedom,” Traditionalist Youth Network, July 7, 2013

These are just a few direct quotes from those who share the ideaology. To anyone even remotely versed in Political Science or World History, these opinions might sound familiar. Particularly, they will sound similar to words spoken from a certain German dictator prevalent in the 1940s. So, why is this not sparking outage?

While I agree it certainly is, I find that the Alt-Right is met with almost as much acceptance as it is criticism. We have to examine what propels a movement forward, and I believe in this circumstance, what moves the Facistic ideals are a new wave of hatred charged political radicalism started by internet jokes. What once was tasteless pro racist humor, slowly became aggression, which eventually made way to a new surge of violence.

Changes don't happen overnight. And this movement has been carefully crafted in online communities for the last ten years. I'll personally site the increased outrage of small online extremist groups on the popular forum site "4-Chan" after former President Barack Obama's landslide win in 2008.

♡More to be added♡

[muvana]

via Giphy

[tma293uploads]

Online Response #5

11/28/22

Similarities between I am Not Your Negro and Paris is Burning

Despite each documentary covering distinctly separate topics, I am Not Your Negro (a social critique film directed by Raoul Peck, using James Baldwin’s words as a framework/commentary to support the film’s organization and narrative), and Paris is Burning (a chronicle of NYC ball culture and the African-American, Latino, gay, and transgender communities involved in it) share an obvious similarity in that they both seek to provide insight, and perhaps even empowerment, for marginalized groups. Beyond the surface analysis of minorities in America, however, the two films also share some similarities in narrative structure and their nuanced portrayals of imagined communities.

I am not your Negro takes a video-essay approach: it explores the history of racism in the US through a series of “chapters,” following Baldwin’s recollections of civil rights leaders Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr, as well as his personal observations of American History. Paris is Burning is far from an essay–but it also provides structure by following the development of involved characters (in this case Pepper LaBeija, Dorian Corey, Angie Xtravaganza, and Willi Ninja, to name a few) while also separating scenes by vocabulary topics (e.g, voguing, houses, “mother,” “shade,” reading,” “legendary”).

Both films are portrayals of imagined communities. While Benedict Anderson uses the term “imagined communities” to discuss the spread of nationalism, this concept can be applied to communities of any size or self-identification. He describes nations as “imagined communities” because it allows us to identify with others in the nation-community, despite not ever knowing these other people as individuals. In I am not your Negro, Raoul Peck is speaking to African-Americans currently living in the United States. In Paris is Burning, Livingston observes, in particular, the ball culture of NYC—but in doing so, also provides insights on the larger US LGBT community as a whole. 

Each film director is also deliberate in their nuanced portrayal of the communities at hand. The directors advocate for the better treatment of each marginalized group, while also showing each community's internal challenges and controversies. They highlight human dignity, rather than choosing to pedestal or make their subjects “model minorities.” For example, in I am Not Your Negro, Baldwin takes no stance on which civil rights leaders had the “best” or “right” approach to eventual black liberation. In Paris is Burning, Livingston doesn’t shy away from the differing views on gender reassignment surgery, as well as the commonality (and consequences) of shoplifting and sex work within ball culture. 

Additionally, each film highlights the history and ongoing struggles of each group, while also acknowledging the relative, ever-changing structure of these communities. In Paris is Burning, Both Pepper and Dorian, long-time “legends” of the ball scene, comment on how ball culture has experienced significant changes during their involvement, and will continue to change as time progresses. In I am Not Your Negro, Baldwin talks about race as a social construct, and how the distinction of a “Negro”, in opposition to the “white” race, in itself will always be a barrier to full equality (e.g.: “What white people have to do is try to find out in their own hearts why it was necessary to have a ‘nigger’ in the first place. Because I am not a nigger, I am a man! But if you think I’m a nigger, it means you need him. [...] I am not the nigger here, and you the white people invented him, then you’ve got to find out why.”)

At the end of the day, any imagined community is well, imagined. Our social structures are only as objective and real as the people who collectively say they are so. However, as each film shows, the effects that imagined communities can have on the people involved in them—a sense of belonging, empowerment, and kinship—are undeniably real. 

[peachyblkdemonslayer]

For what I see in your kin list: you have the same energy as a girl I used to know in high school who was sorta shy and knew fun facts about basically anything you'd asked and she was so enthusiastic to share that with everyone. I sat with her for a few months to make her feel welcome as the new kid and she would get quiet for long periods of time and suddenly blurt out something like "Hey did you know Martin Luther King Jr and Anne Frank were born on the same year?"

And before Summer and Lisa that was the healthiest relantionship I had been involved in

Awwww 😭 ❤

[sciencespies]

Civil Rights Icons' Mothers, Lost Ancient Cities and Other New Books to Read

https://sciencespies.com/history/civil-rights-icons-mothers-lost-ancient-cities-and-other-new-books-to-read/

Civil Rights Icons' Mothers, Lost Ancient Cities and Other New Books to Read

Anna Malaika Tubbs has never liked the old adage of “behind every great man is a great woman.” As the author and advocate points out in an interview with Women’s Foundation California, in most cases, the “woman is right beside the man, if not leading him.” To “think about things differently,” Tubbs adds, she decided to “introduce the woman before the man”—an approach she took in her debut book, which spotlights the mothers of Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and James Baldwin.

“I am tired of Black women being hidden,” writes Tubbs in The Three Mothers. “I am tired of us not being recognized, I am tired of being erased. In this book, I have tried my best to change this for three women in history whose spotlight is long overdue, because the erasure of them is an erasure of all of us.”

The latest installment in our series highlighting new book releases, which launched last year to support authors whose works have been overshadowed amid the Covid-19 pandemic, explores the lives of the women who raised civil rights leaders, the story behind a harrowing photograph of a Holocaust massacre, the secret histories of four abandoned ancient cities, humans’ evolving relationship with food, and black churches’ significance as centers of community.

Representing the fields of history, science, arts and culture, innovation, and travel, selections represent texts that piqued our curiosity with their new approaches to oft-discussed topics, elevation of overlooked stories and artful prose. We’ve linked to Amazon for your convenience, but be sure to check with your local bookstore to see if it supports social distancing–appropriate delivery or pickup measures, too.

The Three Mothers: How the Mothers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and James Baldwin Shaped a Nation by Anna Malaika Tubbs

Ebenezer Baptist Church is perhaps best known for its ties to King, who preached there alongside his father, Martin Luther King Sr., between 1947 and 1968. The Atlanta house of worship proudly hails its ties to the Kings, but as Tubbs writes for Time magazine, one member of the family is largely left out of the narrative: King’s mother, Alberta.

The author adds, “Despite the fact that this church had been led by her parents, that she had re-established the church choir, that she played the church organ, that she was the adored Mama King who led the church alongside her husband, that she was assassinated in the very same building, she had been reduced to an asterisk in the church’s overall importance.”

In The Three Mothers, Tubbs details the manifest ways in which Alberta, Louise Little and Berdis Baldwin shaped their sons’ history-making activism. Born within six years of each other around the turn of the 20th century, the three women shared a fundamental belief in the “worth of Black people, … even when these beliefs flew in the face of America’s racist practices,” per the book’s description.

Alberta—an educator and musician who believed social justice “needed to be a crucial part of any faith organization,” as Tubbs tells Religion News Service—instilled those same beliefs in her son, supporting his efforts to effect change even as the threat of assassination loomed large. Grenada-born Louise, meanwhile, immigrated to Canada, where she joined Marcus Garvey’s black nationalist Universal Negro Improvement Association and met her future husband, a fellow activist; Louise’s approach to religion later inspired her son Malcolm to convert to the Nation of Islam. Berdis raised James as a single parent in the three years between his birth and her marriage to Baptist preacher David Baldwin. Later, when James showed a penchant for pen and paper, she encouraged him to express his frustrations with the world through writing.

All three men, notes Tubbs in the book, “carried their mothers with them in everything they did.”

The Ravine: A Family, a Photograph, a Holocaust Massacre Revealed by Wendy Lower

Few photographs of the Holocaust depict the actual moment of victims’ deaths. Instead, visual documentation tends to focus on the events surrounding acts of mass murder: lines of unsuspecting men and women awaiting deportation, piles of emaciated corpses on the grounds of Nazi concentration camps. In total, writes historian Wendy Lower in The Ravine, “not many more than a dozen” extant images actually capture the killers in the act.

Twelve years ago, Lower, also the author of Hitler’s Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields, chanced upon one such rare photograph while conducting research at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Taken in Miropol, Ukraine, on October 13, 1941, the photo shows Nazis and local collaborators in the middle of a massacre. Struck by a bullet to the head, a Jewish woman topples forward into a ravine, pulling two still-living children down with her. Robbed of a quick death by shooting, the youngsters were “left to be crushed by the weight of their kin and suffocated in blood and the soil heaped over the bodies,” according to The Ravine.

Lower spent the better part of the next decade researching the image’s story, drawing on archival records, oral histories and “every possible remnant of evidence” to piece together the circumstances surrounding its creation. Through her investigations of the photographer, a Slovakian resistance fighter who was haunted by the scene until his death in 2005; the police officers who participated in their neighbors’ extermination; and the victims themselves, she set out to hold the perpetrators accountable while restoring the deceased’s dignity and humanity—a feat she accomplished despite being unable to identify the family by name.

“[Genocide’s] perpetrators not only kill but also seek to erase the victims from written records, and even from memory,” Lower explains in the book’s opening chapter. “When we find one trace, we must pursue it, to prevent the intended extinction by countering it with research, education, and memorialization.”

Four Lost Cities: A Secret History of the Urban Age by Annalee Newitz

Sooner or later, all great cities fall. Çatalhöyük, a Neolithic settlement in southern Anatolia; Pompeii, the Roman city razed by Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 A.D.; Angkor, the medieval Cambodian capital of the Khmer Empire; and Cahokia, a pre-Hispanic metropolis in what is now Illinois, were no exception. United by their pioneering approaches to urban planning, the four cities boasted sophisticated infrastructures and feats of engineering—accomplishments largely overlooked by Western scholars, who tend to paint their stories in broad, reductive strokes, as Publishers Weekly notes in its review of science journalist Annalee Newitz’s latest book.

Consider, for instance, Çatalhöyük, which was home to some of the first people to settle down permanently after millennia of nomadic living. The prehistoric city’s inhabitants “farmed, made bricks from mud, crafted weapons, and created incredible art” without the benefit of extensive trade networks, per Newitz. They also adorned their dwellings with abstract designs and used plaster to transform their ancestors’ skulls into ritualistic artworks passed down across generations. Angkor, on the other hand, became an economic powerhouse in large part thanks to its complex network of canals and reservoirs.

Despite their demonstrations of ingenuity, all four cities eventually succumbed to what Newitz describes as “prolonged periods of political instability”—often precipitated by poor leadership and unjust hierarchies—“coupled with environmental collapse.” The parallels between these conditions and “the global-warming present” are unmistakable, but as Kirkus points out, the author’s deeply researched survey is more hopeful than dystopian. Drawing on the past to offer advice for the future, Four Lost Cities calls on those in power to embrace “resilient infrastructure, … public plazas, domestic spaces for everyone, social mobility, and leaders who treat the city’s workers with dignity.”

Animal, Vegetable, Junk: A History of Food, From Sustainable to Suicidal by Mark Bittman

Humans’ hunger for food has a dark side, writes Mark Bittman in Animal, Vegetable, Junk. Over the millennia, the food journalist and cookbook author argues, “It’s sparked disputes over landownership, water use, and the extraction of resources. It’s driven exploitation and injustice, slavery and war. It’s even, paradoxically enough, created disease and famine.” (A prime example of these consequences is colonial powers’ exploitation of Indigenous peoples in the production of cash crops, notes Kirkus.) Today, Bittman says, processed foods wreak havoc on diets and overall health, while industrialized agriculture strips the land of its resources and drives climate change through the production of greenhouse gases.

Dire as it may seem, the situation is still salvageable. Though the author dedicates much of his book to an overview of how humans’ relationship with food has changed for the worse, Animal, Vegetable, Junk’s final chapter adopts a more optimistic outlook, calling on readers to embrace agroecology—“an autonomous, pluralist, multicultural movement, political in its demand for social justice.” Adherents of agroecology support replacing chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other toxic tools with organic techniques like composting and encouraging pollinators, in addition to cutting out the middleman between “growers and eaters” and ensuring that the food production system is “sustainable and equitable for all,” according to Bittman.

“Agroecology aims to right social wrongs,” he explains. “… [It] regenerates the ecology of the soil instead of depleting it, reduces carbon emissions, and sustains local food cultures, businesses, farms, jobs, seeds, and people instead of diminishing or destroying them.”

The Black Church: This Is Our Story, This Is Our Song by Henry Louis Gates Jr.

The companion book to an upcoming PBS documentary of the same name, Henry Louis Gates Jr.’s latest scholarly survey traces the black church’s role as both a source of solace and a nexus for social justice efforts. As Publishers Weekly notes in its review of The Black Church, enslaved individuals in the antebellum South drew strength from Christianity’s rituals and music, defying slaveholders’ hopes that practicing the religion would render them “docile and compliant.” More than a century later, as black Americans fought to ensure their civil rights, white supremacists targeted black churches with similar goals in mind, wielding violence to (unsuccessfully) intimidate activists into accepting the status quo.

Gates’ book details the accomplishments of religious leaders within the black community, from Martin Luther King Jr. to Malcolm X, Nat Turner and newly elected senator Reverend Raphael G. Warnock. (The Black Churches’ televised counterpart features insights from similarly prominent individuals, including Oprah Winfrey, Reverend Al Sharpton and John Legend.) But even as the historian celebrates these individuals, he acknowledges the black church’s “struggles and failings” in its “treatment of women and the LGBTQ+ community and its dismal response to the 1980s AIDS epidemic,” per Kirkus. Now, amid a pandemic that’s taken a disproportionate toll on black Americans and an ongoing reckoning with systemic racism in the U.S., black churches’ varying approaches to activism and political engagement are at the forefront once again.

As Gates says in a PBS statement. “No social institution in the Black community is more central and important than the Black church.”

#History

[blackfemmejeanvaljean]

historical facts that sound completely made up

Martin Luther King Jr.'s church choir performed at the premiere of Gone With the Wind (he was a child and didn't really have a say)

Ancient Egyptians were ancient when Rome was still being built

Abraham Lincoln was racist

Henry Box Brown just said "fuck it" and mailed himself to freedom. and it worked

Robert Smalls stole a confederate ship and sailed to freedom (this is more of a "they don't teach you this in school. I read a book about him and ir makes perfect sense given his background in sailing)

Frederick Douglass was married to a white woman in like the 1870s

MLK cheating on his wife (this probably was maded up)

Martin Luther Kin Jr. being killed by the government

Fidel Castro was good friends with Nelson Mandela

it's techingly against the law for Americans to travel to Cuba

Regan actually reformed the immigration process and made it easier for immigrants

Hedy Lamarr apparently met Hitler and Mussolini at a party her then husband threw (they later divorced thank god)

Talluah Bankhead had an affair with Hattie McDonald

in the 30s a group of Black farmers were invited to move to Communist Russia

Communist Russia was very critical of Capitalist America's treatment of African Americans

Harriet Tubman was the first woman in modern times to lead men into battle without disguising herself as a man (this was obliviously the civil war they won they won btw)

Harry Tubman going back to the South 100s of times to rescue slaves. Like read any slave narrative and you will see how difficult that was

Fresno Nightwalkers are a part of Native lore and probably aren't a hoax

Thomas Jefferson originally wrote a verison of the Declaration of independence that was antislavery despite the fact he made 0 effort to free his slaves

nixon wanting to be a rapper...what

current facts that will probably sound fake in the future

most antivaccers were college educated and middle class or better

Obama deported more immigrants than George Bush

Russia interfered with the 2016 presidential elections

someone really wrote a whole musical about alexander hamilton. and it slaps but seriously who asked for this

scientists have know about the effects of global warming since the 1970s

[transcendentwhispers]

“Outside the courtroom, hundreds of their supporters packed into the hallway and watched the televised session on two screens. As Chu spoke, many began to weep.The minister recounted his life story: from surviving violent land reform campaigns in mainland China to orphaned homelessness in Hong Kong, then a conversion to Christianity that led to a lifetime of public service through a local Baptist church. In Chai Wan, a low-income district where people lived in shanties and coffin-sized homes, Chu worked with drug addicts and gang members, advocated for public hospitals, and supported Chinese dissidents after the Tiananmen Square massacre — motivated by a faith that emphasized walking with the poor. That same faith drives Chu’s belief in democracy. “Political freedom is more than loyalty to the state,” he said. “It professes human dignity.” 

Chu was convicted Tuesday alongside fellow Occupy Central with Love and Peace leaders Chan Kin-man and Benny Tai. Student activists Tommy Cheung and Eason Chung, legislators Tanya Chan and Shiu Ka-chun, and political party leaders Raphael Wong and Lee Wing-tat were also convicted. 

“It’s a slap in the face for the hundreds of thousands of people who went on the streets to protest peacefully for the government to fulfill its promises to bring democracy to Hong Kong,” said Maya Wang, China researcher for Human Rights Watch.

The court issued a judgment of more than 200 pages, saying the three Occupy leaders used “a wrong yardstick” to measure the degree of disturbance their movement caused.It said that “civil disobedience is not a defense to a criminal charge” and called the tactics “unrealistic” and “naive.” The judgment also denied that convicting the Umbrella leaders would cause a “chilling effect” on the exercise of freedoms of speech and assembly.“

In many cases, people really just want to express themselves and be quite constructive in how they think public affairs should be conducted,” said Wang. “But the Chinese and Hong Kong government in the last five years generally react with a hammer.”

*

In 2014, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in China proposed to alter the conditions of Hong Kong’s chief executive elections. Universal suffrage would be allowed — but only for two to three candidates nominated by a committee and deemed as people who “love the country and love Hong Kong.” Critics said this amounted to allowing everyone to vote, but only for Beijing’s choices.

In response, Hong Kong’s civil society came to its feet. Tai, a legal scholar who’d begun campaigning for direct universal suffrage, invited Chu and Chan Kin-man, a sociology professor, to join him in a movement called Occupy Central with Love and Peace. 

Chu was already 70 years old. Friends had encouraged him to stop his public work. “You’ve done enough,” they said, urging him to rest and focus on his health after a near-fatal bout with illness in 2008. “But I could not ignore the cry of conscience,” Chu said.

*

In a submission to the court in December 2018, Tai referenced the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter From a Birmingham Jail” in defense of Occupy Central. “Following Dr. King’s steps closely in the path of civil disobedience, we strive to inspire self-sacrificing love and peacefulness but not to incite anger and hatred,” Tai wrote, noting that the protesters’ tactic was to sit on the street, arms locked, and wait for arrest without struggling. “This is a case about some Hong Kong People who love Hong Kong very much and believe that only through the introduction of genuine universal suffrage could a door be opened to resolving the deep-seated conflicts in Hong Kong,” Tai wrote.

At the end of his submission in court, Chu quoted King. He read a Bible verse, Micah 6:8, about justice, mercy and humility. He urged Hong Kong residents to have compassion for protesters and police officers alike, both “victims of unjust systems.” He spoke for all three leaders as he ended his speech: “We have no regrets. We hold no grudges. No anger, no grievances. We do not give up.”

The crowds outside the courtroom stood and clapped as the defendants walked out.

[academyoftheheartandmind]

Two Leaders, One Shared Cause and Other Poems

By Douglas J. Lanzo Two Leaders, One Shared Cause Dedicated to the memory of Martin Luther King, Jr. Two leaders of their peoples, yearning to be free, shattering cruel vestiges, of tragic slavery. The first, son of a pastor, thundering Sundays, the second, raised in Egypt, kin to Hebrew slaves. Both spoke out for true freedom, dignity and rights, speaking with authority leading righteous…

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.13

313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. 1325 – Ibn Battuta begins his travels, leaving his home in Tangiers to travel to Mecca (gone 24 years). 1381 – In England, the Peasants' Revolt, led by Wat Tyler, comes to a head, as rebels set fire to the Savoy Palace. 1514 – Henry Grace à Dieu, at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England, is dedicated. 1525 – Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns. 1625 – King Charles I of England marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury. 1740 – Georgia provincial governor James Oglethorpe begins an unsuccessful attempt to take Spanish Florida during the Siege of St. Augustine. 1774 – Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army. 1805 – Lewis and Clark Expedition: Scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River. 1855 – Twentieth opera of Giuseppe Verdi, Les vêpres siciliennes ("The Sicilian Vespers"), is premiered in Paris. 1881 – The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack. 1886 – A fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia. 1893 – Grover Cleveland notices a rough spot in his mouth and on July 1 undergoes secret, successful surgery to remove a large, cancerous portion of his jaw; the operation was not revealed to the public until 1917, nine years after the president's death. 1895 – Émile Levassor wins the world's first real automobile race. Levassor completed the 732-mile course, from Paris to Bordeaux and back, in just under 49 hours, at a then-impressive speed of about 15 miles per hour. 1898 – Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital. 1917 – World War I: The deadliest German air raid on London of the war is carried out by Gotha G.IV bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries. 1927 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh receives a ticker tape parade up 5th Avenue in New York City. 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Villers-Bocage: German tank ace Michael Wittmann ambushes elements of the British 7th Armoured Division, destroying up to fourteen tanks, fifteen personnel carriers and two anti-tank guns in a Tiger I tank. 1944 – World War II: German combat elements, reinforced by the 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division, launch a counterattack on American forces near Carentan. 1944 – World War II: Germany launches the first V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs strike their targets. 1952 – Catalina affair: A Swedish Douglas DC-3 is shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 fighter. 1966 – The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the police must inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment rights before questioning them (colloquially known as "Mirandizing"). 1967 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. 1971 – Vietnam War: The New York Times begins publication of the Pentagon Papers. 1973 – In a game versus the Philadelphia Phillies at Veterans Stadium, Steve Garvey, Davey Lopes, Ron Cey and Bill Russell play together as an infield for the first time, going on to set the record of staying together for 8 ½ years. 1977 – Convicted Martin Luther King Jr. assassin James Earl Ray is recaptured after escaping from prison three days before. 1981 – At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, a teenager, Marcus Sarjeant, fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II. 1982 – Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid. 1982 – Battles of Tumbledown and Wireless Ridge, during the Falklands War. 1983 – Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the central Solar System when it passes beyond the orbit of Neptune. 1990 – First day of the June 1990 Mineriad in Romania. At least 240 strikers and students are arrested or killed in the chaos ensuing from the first post-Ceaușescu elections. 1994 – A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, blames recklessness by Exxon and Captain Joseph Hazelwood for the Exxon Valdez disaster, allowing victims of the oil spill to seek $15 billion in damages. 1996 – The Montana Freemen surrender after an 81-day standoff with FBI agents. 1996 – Garuda Indonesia flight 865 crashes during takeoff from Fukuoka Airport, killing three people and injuring 170. 1997 – A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. 1999 – BMW win the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with Toyota being a contention for the win until a puncture in the last hour relegated it to second, Toyota not participating in Le Mans again until 2012. The race was also remembered for the flipping incidents involving the Mercedes cars, the team withdrawing mid-race and Mercedes never entering Le Mans again. 2000 – President Kim Dae-jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang. 2000 – Italy pardons Mehmet Ali Ağca, the Turkish gunman who tried to kill Pope John Paul II in 1981. 2002 – The United States withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. 2005 – The jury acquits pop singer Michael Jackson of his charges for allegedly sexually molesting a child in 1993. 2007 – The Al Askari Mosque is bombed for a second time. 2010 – A capsule of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa, containing particles of the asteroid 25143 Itokawa, returns to Earth by landing in the Australian Outback. 2012 – A series of bombings across Iraq, including Baghdad, Hillah and Kirkuk, kills at least 93 people and wounds over 300 others. 2015 – A man opens fire at policemen outside the police headquarters in Dallas, Texas, while a bag containing a pipe bomb is also found. He was later shot dead by police. 2018 – Volkswagen is fined one billion euros over the emissions scandal. 2021 – A gas explosion in Zhangwan district of Shiyan city, in Hubei province of China kills at least 12 people and wounds over 138 others.

[imthehuman]

With every post, a smile, ت

[thegistoffreedom]

Martin Luther King's Influential Grandfather the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams ~ Williams Pastored the Congregation at Ebenezer Baptist Church King followed in his Father's and Grandfather's Foot Steps.... Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was born on the second floor of his family's home at 501 Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia to the Reverend and Mrs. Martin Luther King Sr. The large, Victorian style, home belonged to King's maternal grandparents and was located in an area, known as Sweet Auburn, in the center of Atlanta's black community. King grew up in this home with his family, which included grandparent's and other relatives. Two blocks down from the family home, at 407 Auburn Ave, is the Ebenezer Baptist Church. The Ebenezer Baptist Church was founded in 1886 by the Rev. John A. Parker with a congregation of thirteen. Reverend Parker struggled to keep the fledgling church going until 1894 when he stepped aside and the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams replaced him as pastor. Reverand Martin Luther King Jr 1964 Photo of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. originally published in World Telegram & Sun newspaper & now in Library of Congress 1964 Photo of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. originally published in World Telegram & Sun newspaper & now in Library of Congress | Source Williams Built the Congregation at Ebenezer Baptist Church When the Reverend Williams assumed his duties on March 14, 1894 the congregation had seventeen members officially listed on its membership roll. Like his grandson, Martin Luther King Jr., after him, Williams was a charismatic speaker whose preaching attracted and inspired people. Utilizing his speaking and other talents, Williams was able to attract sixty-five new people to the congregation during his first year as pastor. Under his leadership the congregation of Ebenezer Baptist Church continued to grow steadily as evidenced by the fact they twice had to build and move into larger churches to accommodate their growing numbers. The second move was to the present Ebenezer Baptist Church at 407 Auburn Ave. the building of which was completed in 1922. It was at the present church on Auburn Ave. that Reverend Williams' son-in-law, Martin Luther Kin https://www.instagram.com/p/CIePqPDrSQz/?igshid=b8s54jym9xnw

[muvana]

via Giphy

[greenwaterskeeter]

List for Survey of African American Literature, part 5: 1960-1979

Martin Luther King, Jr. (”Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” nonfiction; Why We Can’t Wait, nonfiction)

James Baldwin (The Fire Next Time, nonfiction; No Name in the Street, nonfiction)

William Demby (The Catacombs, novel)

Melvin Tolson (Harlem Gallery, poetry)

Malcolm X & Alex Haley (The Autobiography of Malcolm X, nonfiction)

Margaret Walker (Jubilee, novel - based on a true story)

John A. Williams (The Man Who Cried I Am, novel)

William Melvin Kelley (dem, novel)

Carlene H Polite (The Flagellants, novel)

Eldridge Cleaver (Soul on Ice, memoir)

Gwendolyn Brooks (Riot, nonfiction)

Amiri Baraka (Four Black Revolutionary Plays)

James Alan McPherson (Hue and Cry, short stories)

Maya Angelou (I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, memoir) 

Shirley Chisholm (Unbought and Unbossed, nonfiction)

Toni Morrison (The Bluest Eye, novel; Sula, novel)

Alice Walker (Meridian, novel)

Mari Evans (I Am a Black Woman, poetry)

Nikki Giovanni (Black Feeling, Black Talk/Black Judgement, poetry)

Ernest J. Gaines (The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, novel)

Ishmael Reed (Mumbo Jumbo, nonfiction)

Haki Madhubuti (Directionscore: Selected and New Poems, poetry)

Huey P. Newton (To Die for the People: The Writings of Huey P. Newton, nonfiction)

Toni Cade Bambara (Gorilla, My Love, short stories)

Albert Murray (Trainwhistle Guitar, novel)

Henry Dumas (Play Ebony: Play Ivory, poetry)

Angela Davis (Joan Little: the Dialectics of Rape, nonfiction)

Gayl Jones (Corregidora, novel)

Carolyn Rodgers (How I Got Ovah: New and Selected Poems)

Ntozake Shange (For colored girls who have considered suicide/when the rainbow is enuf, play/poetry)

Alex Haley (Roots, history of the author’s family in novel form)

Michael Harper (Images of Kin: New & Selected Poems)

Sonia Sanchez (I’ve Been a Woman: New and Selected Poems)

Michele Faith Wallace (Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman, nonfiction)

Octavia Butler (Kindred, novel)

Here’s the list of books, compiled from a combination of Alice Walker’s recommendations and references in In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens, reading lists from several universities’ African American Studies courses, and a few “Top 100″ lists of novels by Black authors. If anyone sees glaring gaps, please let me know. No hyperlinks doesn’t mean there are no free copies online; i didn’t look for them this time. A lot of these authors are still alive, and i/we can support them by buying their books or even just checking them out from libraries, so i want to promote that. Capitalism is bullshit, but authors aren’t rich (as a rule).

[obedmanwatkar]

"....When I hear the slogans shouted by these Hindu social reformers, I recollect the efforts made by the American white people for the emancipation of the American Negroes. Years ago, the condition of the Negroes in America was just the same as that of Untouchables in India. The difference between the two was that the slavery of Negroes had the sanction of the law; while that of your [people], by religion. So, some reformers were trying for the abolition of the slavery of the Negroes. But can those white reformers be compared with their counterparts, the Hindu social reformers in India? The American white reformers fought battles in war with their kith and kin for the emancipation of the Negroes. They killed thousands of whites who defended the slavery of the Negro people and also sacrificed their own blood for this cause. When we read these chapters through the pages of history, the social reformers in India cut a very sorry figure before them. These so-called benefactors of the Untouchables of India called "reformers" need to be asked the following questions: Are you prepared to fight a civil war with your Hindu brethren, like the whites in America who fought with their white brothers for the cause of the colored people? And if not, why these proclamations of reforms? Now let us take the example of Mr. M.K. Gandhi, the greatest of the Hindus who claim to fight for the cause of the Untouchables. To what extent can he go? M.K. Gandhi, who pilots the non-violent agitation against the British Government, is not prepared to hurt the feelings of the Hindus, the oppressors of the Untouchables. He is not willing to launch a peaceful Satyagraha against them. He is not even prepared to take legal action against the Hindus. What is the good of such Hindu reformers for us? I don't see any." --- 'BABASAHEB' Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Brother of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr from another mother), 31st May 1936, Bombay. "What Path To salvation?", Chapter 15: The difference between Human and Animal. JAI JAI JAI JAI JAI BHEEM!! #LivingtheLegacy #KeepTheDreamAlive #LetTheKingdomCome https://www.instagram.com/p/B2EuUOSlNzXRcEgtP28u0ciaPf3Rvh2yEhdlNE0/?igshid=1dy5od8ql9uo3

[visgae]

martin luther kin jr