#lymphadenectomy

[cariantha]

Favors

Book: Open Heart, Book 1 Pairing: Dr. Ethan Ramsey x F!MC (Dr. Sawyer Brooks) Rating: General Category: Angsty Fluff, Christmas Word count: 2.5K Summary: Sawyer is worried that her crush is getting the wrong impression and is later hurt when she thinks he has taken advantage of a situation. A/N: This takes place during intern year (pre-Miami) shortly before the events in Merry Christmas, Rookie.

Events/Prompts: • Photo prompt from @jerzwriter • Participating in CFWC Holidays 2023 • Participating in Choices Flashfics Holiday Prompts 🎄12: “The tree isn’t the only thing getting lit this year.” 🎅21: “It looks like Santa threw up in here.” 🎁67: “What’s wrong? Do you not like your gift?” • Participating in Choices Flashfics Week #64 Prompts 👨🏻‍⚕️2: “I’m not in the mood for a lecture.” • Participating in Choices Holidays Winter 2023

While waiting in the lunch rush lines in the cafeteria, Sienna reminded her roommates of their party assignments. “...I’ve got the treats covered, Elijah is handling the music, Jackie is making jingle juice-”

“Hell yeah!” Elijah exclaimed, giving Jackie a high-five. 

“The tree isn’t the only thing getting lit this year,” she said coolly.

“Oh, and don’t forget your white elephant gifts!” Sienna also reminded them.

“Shit, I forgot about that. What are the rules again?” Jackie asked.

“The only rule is you can’t buy anything,” Sienna answered. 

“I’ll go shop the lost and found when we’re done here.”

“Or, I saw some pharma reps in the atrium earlier. You could try to hit them up for some swag,” Sawyer chimed in. 

A heavy arm slipped around Sawyer's shoulders when the group reached the front of the line. “Thanks for saving my spot, Brooks,” Bryce winked, cutting in line.

“Do you meatheads have to cut into everything?” Jackie barked.

Bryce chomped into the apple he hadn’t yet paid for. “Yep,” he nodded with a big toothy grin. “I’m just trying to get on the naughty list. If you all want to join me, we could save Santa a trip this year,” he joked.

“You’re already looking at Santa’s favorite ho,” Jackie quipped.

“Brooksie, I actually am in a hurry. I need to scrub in for a lymphadenectomy. Do you mind?” he asked seriously.

Sawyer tilted her head to the register, gesturing for him to go ahead.

“Thanks.” When the cashier asked if they were together, Bryce said yes.

“Bryce, you don’t have to-”

He placed a hand on the small of her back. "I've got you, Ipo. I'll see you later," he promised before hurrying away.

“Girl, what are you holding out for? He's hot and totally into you,” Sienna teased once Bryce was out of earshot.

Sawyer lifted her tray and turned to her friend. She opened her mouth to say something but froze when she spotted a six-foot-four-inch, blue-eyed attending at the adjacent register. Not knowing how much he saw or heard, a blush of embarrassment colored her cheeks. Feeling like a shy teenager at a school dance, Sawyer hoped the interaction with Bryce hadn’t given her crush the wrong impression. 

As Ethan raised his eyes to her, he gave no indication. Pocketing his wallet, he stoically turned and exited the cafeteria. 

As their shift ended, Sawyer approached her roommates, who were walking in the opposite direction down the hall.

“Locker room is that way, Brooks,” Jackie pointed. 

“I know. I just need to run and check on one more patient before I clock out.”

“Do you want us to wait for you?” Sienna asked.

“No, don’t wait up. I’ll be right behind you.” 

After ensuring the coast was clear, Sawyer slipped behind the plastic curtain that sealed off the construction wing. Naveen spiked a fever earlier in the day, and she wanted to check on him before going home. She found him fast asleep, and after checking his monitors and medications, she quietly tidied the room. When she finished, she softly closed the door, whispering, “Goodnight, Dr. B.”

On her way to dispose of some trash, Sawyer’s phone buzzed in her pocket.

Bryce knocked and let himself in, making a beeline to the kitchen to find Sienna. “Help?” he asked, lifting a roll of wrapping paper and tape.

She looked at him, puzzled. “Where’s your gift?”

“You're looking at it.” He beckoned her to the living room, where he lay down on the floor. 

“You’re ridiculous, you know that?” she laughed, kneeling beside him.

A few minutes later, Sienna placed the last piece of tape, securing the wrapping around Bryce’s torso. Using all of her body weight, she rolled him to his back and slid him under the Christmas tree. 

“Si?” he called, his voice muffled. “Do me a favor and start the game sooner than later. I already have to pee.” 

In the locker room, Sawyer traded her white coat for her winter one. As she gathered her things, her phone buzzed with an incoming call.

“Hi,” she answered.

“Hi. “By any chance, are you still at the hospital?” Ethan asked.

“I am.”

“Could I ask you for a favor? I’ve had something come up at the last minute. Would you be able to stay with Naveen for a few hours?”

By now, Sawyer had come to know Ethan Ramsey well enough to know that he would not ask for help unless he was desperate. “Sure. Is everything okay?”

“Yes. I’m pressed for time right now, but I’ll explain later. I’ll relieve you as soon as I can.”

“No problem.”

“Thanks, Rookie.”

Sawyer was about to text Sienna when Danny entered the room.  

“Hey, Sawyer,” he waved. “I thought you’d be at home getting ready for the party. I’m heading there now if you want a ride.”

“Danny, I’m so glad you’re here! Could you take something to Sienna for me? I’m not going to make it home for a while.”

“How come?” 

She made sure they were alone and lowered her voice. “Dr. Ramsey got tied up with something and asked if I would look after Patient X for a few hours.”

“You should go and have fun with your roommates, Sawyer. I can stay,” he insisted, having been recruited by Ethan shortly after Naveen agreed to be treated.

“That’s really sweet of you, Danny, but I know you traded shifts so that you could be off tonight. Besides, Sienna baked a batch of peppermint chocolate chip cookies just for you.”

“She did?” he smiled.

“Yeah. Go. Have fun. I’ll be there as soon as Dr. R gets here.”

After Danny left with what appeared to be a wrapped bedpan, she updated her roommate.

Later, Sawyer was in Naveen’s room, scrolling through Pictagram, when her phone vibrated with a new text notification.

Several hours had passed when Sawyer felt a hand on her shoulder. 

“Rookie?” 

“Hiiiii,” she managed through a yawn. 

“I’m so sorry,” Ethan apologized.

“Huh? What time is it?” Sawyer reached for her phone and noticed several missed calls from Sienna and Bryce. 

“It’s almost four in the morning. I would have been here sooner, but I accidentally dozed off,” he explained, helping her to her feet.

“It’s okay. There's no doubt you probably needed it. And it’s been quiet here. His fever finally broke a little while ago.” 

“Good. Go home and get some sleep,” he instructed, “I’ll tell Ines that you’ll be in this afternoon.” 

“Okay.” Sawyer shouldered her bag and headed for the door. “Good night." 

“Sawyer?” 

“Yeah?” 

“Thank you.”

With a shake of the snow from her coat, Sawyer entered her apartment and found Landry eating breakfast at the kitchen table. “Oh boy. It looks like Santa threw up in here.”

“Smells like it, too,” he grumbled. 

“I’m surprised you’re still going in early after…,” she circled her hand in the air, “all of this.”

“Yeah, well, not all of us are lucky enough to get preferential treatment from Dr. Ramsey.” 

“Excuse me?” 

“What? This is the second time he’s personally assigned you a case. To my knowledge, he hasn’t assigned cases to other interns in the competition.”

“Wow. Well, maybe he will if you ever crack the top five.” She let him chew on that as she hung her coat and walked to her room.

Bryce turned from the surgical board and spotted Sawyer approaching. “Finally coming to collect your prize, Brooksie?”

Sawyer rolled her eyes.

“What’s wrong? Do you not like your gift?”

“You’re ridiculous,” she said with an amused smile.

“So I’ve been told. By the way, this gift comes with a night on the town.” 

Unbeknownst to her, Dr. Ramsey inconveniently emerged from a nearby patient’s room, catching the tail end of their conversation.

“Bryce-” 

But before she could protest, he backed his way down the hall. “I’ve gotta run. Check your schedule and let me know when I can pick you up. And you should know, I have a strict ‘no rejections’ policy.”

She sighed deeply once his back was to her, then turned to find Ethan standing a couple of feet away, his eyes focused on the tablet in his hand.

“Dr. Ramsey,” she acknowledged sheepishly.

Ethan glanced at her with a side-eye. “Brooks.”

“Rrrrr! Of course, he is here right now!” As they moved on to their next tasks, Sawyer told herself it was time for a heart-to-heart with Bryce. 

"Excuse me, would you please page Dr. Ramsey?"

A few minutes later, Ethan met an attractive woman at the nurses’ station and led her away from the busybodies seated at the circular desk. As they walked down the hall, she handed him a small box. “Thank you, Jen. I really appreciate this. I’ll send you the outcome report as soon as the trial period ends.”

Stepping in front of him, Jen pulled him to the side until their shoulders hugged the wall. "It was great to see you again, " she paused as a couple of nurses walked past. "We had a good time last night, didn’t we?"

“It was nice to catch up.”

She didn’t mean to eavesdrop, but when Sawyer heard the familiar voice, she wondered if her ears were deceiving her. 

“Listen, I would love to see you again tonight,” Jen continued, reaching for the end of his tie and running it through her fingers. I’m staying at The Langham. Come have drinks with me and...” she shrugged, "and we can see where things go from there.” 

“I-”

Sawyer stepped out of the vending machine alcove and turned her head toward them. 

Ethan’s surprised eyes met hers, finding only hurt. He moved Jen’s hand back to her side as Sawyer spun and walked briskly in the opposite direction. 

“Jen, you’ll have to excuse me. I need to go,” he apologized, watching the woman he longed for retreat and disappear. “I appreciate your assistance. I will speak with you later.” 

“Later tonight?”

“I’ll text you,” he said as he sidestepped her.

Ethan’s long strides carried him down the hall quickly. He nearly collided with a visitor as he rounded the corner. “I’m sorry. Excuse me.”

In the far corner of the cafeteria, Sawyer watched the snowfall in the empty courtyard. The sound of metal chair legs scraping against the tiled floor jarred her from her thoughts.

“I’ve been looking all over for you.”

“Why? Need another favor?” she said, words laced with disdain.

“Rookie, that-”

“Dr. Ramsey, I haven’t been helping you to win favor or get a leg up in the competition. If you want an intern to run errands and cover for your ass, then let me suggest Dr. Olsen. He'd be more than happy to fill that role.”

She lowered her voice, hurt replacing anger. “I canceled plans with my roommates last night because I believed that it must have been important if you were asking for help. If I had known I was only covering so that you could go on a date and get…” She let the rest of the sentence die on her tongue. “Sorry. I know how you spend your free time is none of my business, but I won’t let you take advantage of mine.” 

Visibly disappointed, she avoided eye contact. Ethan keenly observed that her disappointment went beyond merely thinking he would take advantage of her kindness. If he had read the situation correctly, it would have been the same disappointment he had felt seeing her with the surgical intern.

“Sawyer, let me explain. Jen works for Phlaum Pharmaceuticals. They are currently conducting a trial on a new antibiotic for sepsis. I reached out to her when I heard about it. Her team is in the area promoting a new product this week. You may have noticed her reps in the lobby. She made herself available to meet with me last night. And after some convincing, she agreed to pull some strings to get Naveen into the trial. She was here this afternoon to drop off the treatment.” Ethan pulled a small vial from his pocket and placed it on the table.

“It sounded like you convinced her all right,” she muttered.

“Rookie. I know we haven’t known each other long, but do you honestly believe I’m the type of person who would trade sexual favors? I agreed to a testimonial and a couple of expo appearances. That’s all.”

“What? Can you blame me for going there? She said she had a ‘good time,’ and you told me you were late because you ‘accidentally dozed off,’ then she asked you to meet her again tonight. At. A. Hotel.”

He shook his head and pinched the bridge of his nose at her teasing dramatization, failing to hide the crack of a smile.

“So, how’d you get out of it?” she wondered.

“I told her I would text her later.”

“You don’t text.”

“Exactly.” His knee touched hers, but neither one attempted to move away. “I need to get back upstairs. Can you meet me later to review the trial protocols?”

“I have a few patients to check on. I’ll page you after?” she answered.

Ethan scooted back in his chair, but before standing, he covered Sawyer’s hand with his own. 

“Sawyer, your contributions and the sacrifice of your time have not gone unnoticed. And as far as I’m concerned, you are my partner on this case. I should have filled you in on the drug trial. I just didn’t want either of us to get our hopes up.” 

“Thank you, Dr. Ramsey.” When he moved to stand, she followed. “I’m finished here. I’ll head back up with you.”

The elevator doors were halfway closed when a fellow intern squeezed through. 

“Hi, Brad,” Sawyer greeted.

“Sooo, who’s the lucky guy?” he quizzed, embarrassingly indiscreet.

“Pardon?”

“Come on, girl. Why else would you ditch us last night? Your roommates say you’re never home. You rarely come out for drinks anymore. And you’ve parked Bryce in the friend zone.” Brad nudged her shoulder with his. “Spill the tea.”

“Sorry to disappoint, TMZ, but I’m not dating anyone. I got stuck here with a last-minute case.” She made her eyes big and subtly tipped her head toward Dr. Ramsey as a warning. Luckily, Brad picked up on the cue, sparing her from having to tell any more white lies. 

Ethan hid a smile, pretending not to notice the act.

“Any chance you guys will host again for New Year’s? You’re the only ones with an apartment big enough,” Brad asked as they exited the elevator together. 

“Talk to Elijah. He’s the party planner of the group.” 

Once Brad was on his way, Ethan reached for Sawyer's elbow, drawing her back. “You skipped your own party?” 

She shrugged. “You needed my help, and our patient wasn’t in any condition to be left alone.”

“You should have told me. I would have figured something else out…” He looked into her eyes with a sense of wonder. “Thank you. I owe you one.”

She smiled up at him. “You’re welcome.”  

“So, what excuse did you give your roommates?” he asked as they walked side by side down the hall.

“About that…” she said with a tense grin, “I’m gonna need you to assign some of your cases to the other interns in the top five.”

“Come again?”

Tag List: @choicesficwriterscreations @openheartfanfics @peonierose @potionsprefect @trappedinfanfiction @jerzwriter @queencarb @coffeeheartaddict2 @quixoticdreamer16 @jamespotterthefirst @liaromancewriter @zealouscanonindeer @tveitertotwrites @tessa-liam @youlookappropriate @kyra75 @socalwriterbee @txemrn @choicesflashfics

[abbyandhanako]

Body Type Headcanons (Eun-min, Eva, Leopold, Sonata, Alicia and Rebecca)

Eun-min: Has a fairly slender frame despite in her early 50’s and even after two pregnancies, she however has a faint C-section scar after Mark was born, used to be much thinner when Mark was a child due to irregular eating.

Eva: She has a slender yet toned physique, but has faded due to malnutrition from Dim Sun’s kidnapping but has slowly been recovering, even after recovering, she hasn’t fully recovered, she has a scar from an oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy to remedy her ovarian cancer

Leopold: Kept a slender yet muscular physique that was suited for Pokémon Ranger activities, he had scars on his shoulder from dislocating it.

Sonata: She has a similar physique to N, she has a slender and thin frame that her ribs can easily be seen slightly.

Alicia: She has a toned and muscular physique thanks to being a former Pokémon Ranger and Dim Sun member.

Rebecca: She has a mildly thin physique, she bulked up a bit however after joining Neo Plasma, running away from home didn’t help her condition at all, especially with two Deino to feed.

[prachicmi]

"Global Sentinel Node Biopsy Market Driven by Rising Incidence of Breast Cancer"

Sentinel Node Biopsy Market Growth is primarily includes products and solutions used for lymphatic mapping and lymphadenectomy in cancer detection and staging. The demand for minimally invasive cancer detection procedures and technological advancements in identification and guidance systems are fueling market growth. The Global Sentinel Node Biopsy Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 752.1 Mn in 2024 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 7% over the forecast period 2024-2031.

Get more insights on, Sentinel Node Biopsy Market

[arrangoiz]

Axillary Web Syndrome

Axillary web syndrome: Appears to be a common complication following axillary surgery It consists of the appearance of a visible web of axillary skin overlying palpable cords of tissue: That are made taut and painful by shoulder abduction These cords can result in painful abduction of the shoulder and reduced range of motion It typically results from axillary lymphadenectomies for treatment…

[indiamedicaltourism]

Stomach Cancer Treatment in India

Stomach cancer is also known as gastric cancer. It is a serious health problem that requires timely and effective treatment for better patient condition. India has made lots of advancements in the field of oncology and is providing a wide range of cancer treatment options for stomach cancer in top Indian hospitals. We will discuss aboutvarious aspects of stomach cancer treatment in India such as cost of treatment, top oncologist, best cancer hospitals etc.

Stomach cancer treatment in India follows a multidisciplinary method, involving a team of highly skilled cancer specialists, including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists, and radiologists. This collaborative approach ensures comprehensive evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans for each stomach cancer patient.

India is home to several best hospitals and cancer centers that are equipped with latest medical related technology for the diagnosis and treatment of stomach cancer. You can find many best stomach cancer hospitals in India. These facilities offer advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic procedures for accurate staging and planning of cancer treatment.

Surgery plays an important role in stomach cancer treatment, especially in the early stages. India has top experienced surgical oncologists who specialize in performing complex procedures such as gastrectomy (partial or total removal of the stomach) and lymphadenectomy (removal of nearby lymph nodes). They employ advanced surgical techniques, including minimally invasive approaches like laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, resulting in smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, faster recovery, and improved outcomes for patients.

Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of stomach cancer, particularly for patients with advanced stages of the disease. India has approved several targeted therapy drugs that specifically target cancer cells with certain genetic mutations or overexpressed proteins. These therapies, such as trastuzumab for HER2-positive stomach cancer, have shown significant efficacy in improving survival outcomes.

Chemotherapy is an integral part of stomach cancer treatment, both before and after surgery. Indian medical oncologists stay updated with the latest chemotherapy regimens and have access to a wide range of chemotherapy drugs. They develop personalized treatment plans based on the stage, grade, and molecular characteristics of the tumor, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients.

Radiation therapy is often used in combination with surgery and chemotherapy for stomach cancer treatment. India has advanced radiation therapy facilities that offer techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). These techniques precisely target the tumor while minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.

Stomach cancer treatment cost in Indiais lower than many other countries in the world. So many foreign patients choose India for medical treatment for stomach cancer. India offers cost-effective treatment without compromising on medical treatment quality. The cost of treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and supportive care etc.

Al Afiya Medi Tour is a leading medical tourism company in India. We are offer medical tourism services in India foreign patients. Some of the main countries are Bangladesh, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Namibia, Iraq, Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and so on. We provide free assistance for TURP surgery cost, lung cancer treatment, breast cancer surgery, stomach cancer treatment, ovarian cancer treatment, liver transplant cost, best hospital for heart valve replacement, liver cancer treatment, bone marrow transplant cost,prostate cancer treatment, arthroscopic surgery, best liver transplant hospital, brain tumor surgery, kidney transplant, cancer treatment, liver transplant treatment, leukemia treatment, best bone marrow hospital, etc.  If you are searching for free medical and healthcare consulting to find the best hospitals and top doctors and surgeons in India for any treatment then contact us- Alafiyameditour.com.

Source: https://bestmedicaltourismcompanyinindia.blogspot.com/2023/07/stomach-cancer-treatment-in-india.html

[ebd-updates]

An international Delphi consensus for surgical quality assessment of lymphadenectomy and anastomosis in minimally invasive total gastrectomy for gastric cancer

http://dlvr.it/T0djcQ

[singh-a]

An international Delphi consensus for surgical quality assessment of lymphadenectomy and anastomosis in minimally invasive total gastrectomy for gastric cancer

http://dlvr.it/T0dhlV

[icareheal]

GI Cancer Surgeries: An Expert Perspective by Dr. Kanuj Malik in Noida

Introduction

When it comes to gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgeries in Noida, Dr. Kanuj Malik stands out as a leading expert in the field. With years of experience, expertise, authority, and trust, Dr. Malik has helped numerous patients successfully battle GI cancer. In this article, we will delve into the realm of GI cancer surgeries and discuss how Dr. Kanuj Malik's specialized approach sets him apart.

Understanding GI Cancer

What is GI Cancer?

GI cancer refers to cancer that affects the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum.

How Does GI Cancer Develop?

GI cancer typically develops from abnormal growths or tumors in the digestive system.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of GI Cancer?

Symptoms of GI cancer may include unintended weight loss, persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, and difficulty swallowing.

What Are the Risk Factors for GI Cancer?

Risk factors for GI cancer include age, family history, smoking, obesity, poor diet, and certain genetic conditions.

Expertise in GI Cancer Surgeries

As a specialist in GI cancer surgeries, Dr. Kanuj Malik brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to every case. His specialized skill set allows him to perform a wide range of surgical procedures with precision and care. With a focus on personalized treatment plans, Dr. Malik ensures that each patient receives the most suitable surgical approach tailored to their specific condition.

What Are the Different Types of GI Cancer Surgeries?

GI cancer surgeries can vary depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Some common procedures include:

Resection: Removal of the tumor and surrounding tissues.

Lymphadenectomy: Removal of nearby lymph nodes to check for the spread of cancer.

Hepatectomy: Removal of a part or the entire liver affected by cancer.

Whipple Procedure: Removal of the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, gallbladder, and sometimes other nearby tissues.

Colectomy: Removal of all or part of the colon affected by cancer.

What Makes Dr. Kanuj Malik an Expert in GI Cancer Surgeries?

Dr. Malik's extensive experience in GI cancer surgeries, combined with his continuous dedication to staying updated with the latest advancements in the field, ensures that his patients receive the best possible care.

He is adept at utilizing minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, whenever appropriate. These approaches offer numerous benefits, including smaller incisions, less pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times for patients.

Dr. Malik's expertise also extends to providing comprehensive pre-operative and post-operative care, ensuring the comfort and well-being of his patients throughout their treatment journey.

Trust and Patient Care

How Does Dr. Kanuj Malik Build Trust with His Patients?

Dr. Malik's compassionate and empathetic approach puts his patients at ease, fostering a sense of trust and confidence in his expertise.

He takes the time to thoroughly explain the surgical procedure, address any concerns, and involve patients in decision-making about their treatment.

Dr. Malik believes in the power of establishing strong doctor-patient relationships built on trust and open communication.

What Can Patients Expect From Dr. Kanuj Malik's Care?

Patients under the care of Dr. Malik can expect a holistic treatment approach that addresses not only the physical aspects of their condition but also their emotional well-being.

He and his dedicated team provide comprehensive support, from pre-operative counseling to post-operative care and follow-up, ensuring a seamless and comfortable experience for patients and their families.

Dr. Malik's commitment to delivering exceptional patient care has earned him a reputation as a trusted and respected oncological surgeon in Noida.

Conclusion

When it comes to GI cancer surgeries in Noida, there's no denying the expertise, experience, authority, and trust that Dr. Kanuj Malik brings to the table. His specialized knowledge, personalized approach, and compassionate care have made a positive impact on the lives of countless GI cancer patients. If you or a loved one needs GI cancer surgical treatment, Dr. Kanuj Malik is a name you can trust.

[pearloncology]

Empowering Women's Health: Cervical Cancer Treatment Landscape in Lagos

Cervical cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide, and in Lagos, Nigeria, it stands as a notable challenge for women's health. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Lagos has prompted the need for accessible and effective treatments, pushing medical institutions to develop comprehensive approaches to tackle this disease.

Treatment options for Cervical Cancer Treatment in Lagos typically encompass a multidisciplinary approach, involving surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and in some cases, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Lagos boasts several medical facilities and specialized centers that offer these services.

Surgery stands as one of the primary treatments for cervical cancer. Procedures such as hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), lymphadenectomy (removal of lymph nodes), or, in early stages, cone biopsy to remove abnormal cervical tissue, are commonly performed. Skilled gynecologic oncologists in Lagos carry out these surgeries using advanced techniques to ensure better outcomes for patients.

Radiation therapy, which uses high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells, is another crucial treatment modality. Lagos-based medical centers are equipped with modern radiation machines and facilities that offer both external beam radiation and brachytherapy, a form of internal radiation therapy. This allows for targeted treatment, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

Chemotherapy, either alone or combined with radiation therapy, is often used to treat advanced stages of cervical cancer. Specialized Oncology Specialist in Lagos administers chemotherapy drugs to destroy cancer cells throughout the body and is adept in managing potential side effects.

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are newer treatment approaches showing promising results in certain cases. These treatments work by targeting specific abnormalities within cancer cells or by boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer. While these treatments might not be widely available in all facilities, some in Lagos offer them within clinical trials or specialized programs.

Despite the available treatment options, challenges persist. Accessibility and affordability remain significant concerns for many women in Lagos. Some may face barriers in accessing timely screenings, diagnosis, or treatments due to financial constraints or limited healthcare infrastructure.

Awareness campaigns and education programs play a crucial role in prevention and early detection. NGOs, governmental initiatives, and healthcare providers collaborate to educate women about the importance of regular screenings, HPV vaccination, and the early signs of cervical cancer.

In conclusion, while Lagos boasts advanced medical facilities and a range of treatment options for cervical cancer, there's a need for improved accessibility and affordability to ensure that all women have the opportunity to receive timely and effective care. The concerted effort of healthcare providers, governmental support, and community engagement is essential to combat Cancer Treatment in Lagos, Nigeria and ensure better outcomes for affected individuals.

Source & Reference: https://sites.google.com/view/pearl-oncology/empowering-womens-health-cervical-cancer-treatment-landscape-in-lagos

[mambasoftwares]

Treating Small Bowel Cancer: A Comprehensive Approach

Introduction:

Small bowel cancer, although relatively rare, poses significant challenges due to its location and limited treatment options. The small bowel, also known as the small intestine, plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. When cancer develops in this vital organ, prompt and appropriate treatment becomes crucial. In this article, we will explore the various treatment options available for small bowel cancer, highlighting both surgical and non-surgical approaches that can help patients achieve the best possible outcomes.

Surgical Interventions:

Surgery is often the primary treatment for small bowel cancer. The choice of surgical procedure depends on factors such as the tumor's size, location, and stage. Some commonly used surgical interventions include:

a) Resection: Surgical removal of the cancerous portion of the small intestine, along with nearby lymph nodes, is a standard approach. In cases where the tumor is limited, a partial small bowel resection may be performed. If the cancer has spread extensively, a more extensive resection might be required.

b) Lymphadenectomy: Removing nearby lymph nodes helps prevent the spread of cancer and allows for a more accurate staging of the disease.

c) Surgical bypass: When a tumor obstructs the small bowel, surgeons may create an alternative pathway to bypass the blockage, allowing for the continuation of normal bowel function.

Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy utilizes high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells. It can be administered externally or internally. In small bowel cancer treatment, radiation therapy is often used in combination with surgery or as a palliative measure to relieve symptoms when the cancer is advanced. The precise use of radiation therapy depends on individual factors and the extent of the disease.

Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy involves the use of powerful drugs that circulate throughout the body to kill cancer cells. It can be administered before surgery to shrink tumors, after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells, or as a primary treatment option for advanced cases. Chemotherapy may be used in combination with other treatments to achieve better results.

Targeted Therapy:

Targeted therapies aim to interfere with specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth and progression. In small bowel cancer, targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be used to inhibit the activity of specific proteins that promote tumor growth. These treatments are typically recommended for advanced or metastatic cases.

Immunotherapy:

Immunotherapy is a groundbreaking treatment option that stimulates the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. While it has shown remarkable success in various cancers, its effectiveness in small bowel cancer is still under investigation. Clinical trials are ongoing to explore the potential of immunotherapeutic approaches for small bowel cancer treatment.

Palliative Care:

For patients with advanced small bowel cancer or those who cannot undergo aggressive treatment, palliative care becomes essential. Palliative care focuses on managing symptoms, improving quality of life, and providing emotional support. It may include pain management, nutritional support, and psychological counseling.

Conclusion:

The treatment of small bowel cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach tailored to each patient's specific circumstances. Surgical interventions, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are the key treatment modalities available. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as tumor stage, location, and individual patient factors. By combining these treatment options and integrating palliative care when needed, healthcare professionals can provide the best possible outcomes and improved quality of life for patients affected by small bowel cancer.

[gicancerindia]

Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Treatment and Recovery

Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Treatment and Recovery

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a complex and potentially life-threatening condition that affects the digestive system. When diagnosed with GI cancer, surgery often plays a crucial role in treatment, aiming to remove cancerous tumors and restore normal functioning. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the various aspects of gastrointestinal cancer surgery, including its importance, surgical procedures, recovery process, and post-operative care.

Surgical Procedures for Gastrointestinal Cancer 

Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Esophagectomy, lymphadenectomy, and reconstruction techniques

Esophageal cancer surgery typically involves a procedure known as esophagectomy, which involves the removal of a portion or the entire esophagus. This surgery is often performed alongside lymphadenectomy, which is the removal of nearby lymph nodes to check for cancer spread.

Esophagectomy can be performed through different approaches, including open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or robot-assisted surgery. The choice of approach depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, cancer stage, and surgeon's expertise.

During the surgery, the surgeon first removes the affected part of the esophagus and nearby lymph nodes. The remaining healthy parts of the esophagus are then reconnected to the stomach or the remaining portion of the esophagus, allowing for the passage of food and liquids.

There are different reconstruction techniques available depending on the extent of esophageal removal. These include:

Primary anastomosis: This technique involves directly reconnecting the remaining esophagus to the stomach or the upper part of the esophagus. It is suitable when there is enough healthy esophagus left to create a connection.

Esophageal replacement: In cases where a significant portion of the esophagus needs to be removed, the surgeon may use a portion of the stomach or intestine to create a new connection. This technique is known as esophageal replacement or reconstruction.

Gastric pull-up: The surgeon uses a portion of the stomach, typically the fundus, and pulls it up into the chest to connect it to the remaining part of the esophagus.

Colonic interposition: A segment of the colon is used to replace the removed esophagus. One end of the colon is connected to the remaining esophagus, while the other end is attached to the stomach or the neck.

Jejunal interposition: A section of the small intestine, called the jejunum, is used to create a new esophagus. It is connected to the stomach or the neck, bypassing the removed esophagus.

These reconstruction techniques aim to restore the normal swallowing function and maintain the continuity of the digestive tract after the removal of the esophagus. The choice of technique depends on factors such as the patient's overall health, cancer stage, and the surgeon's experience and preference.

Stomach Cancer Surgery: Gastrectomy, partial or total, with or without lymph node dissection

Stomach cancer surgery typically involves a procedure called gastrectomy, which is the surgical removal of part or all of the stomach. The extent of the gastrectomy depends on the size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.

There are two main types of gastrectomy:

Partial Gastrectomy: In this procedure, only a portion of the stomach containing the tumor is removed. The surgeon removes the affected area of the stomach, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding the tumor. The remaining part of the stomach is then connected to the small intestine to allow for the passage of food.

Total Gastrectomy: This surgery involves the complete removal of the entire stomach. In a total gastrectomy, the surgeon removes the entire stomach and connects the esophagus directly to the small intestine. After the procedure, the patient's food will bypass the stomach, and the small intestine will assume the function of digestion and absorption.

Lymph node dissection, also known as lymphadenectomy, is often performed during gastrectomy. Lymph nodes are part of the body's immune system and may be a site for the spread of cancer cells. By removing nearby lymph nodes, the surgeon can assess if the cancer has spread and determine the appropriate treatment plan.

The extent of lymph node dissection varies depending on the stage and location of the cancer. The surgeon will remove the lymph nodes in the area surrounding the stomach to check for any cancerous cells. The number and location of lymph nodes removed will be determined by the surgeon based on the individual case.

In some cases, additional procedures may be performed alongside gastrectomy, such as:

Esophagogastrostomy: When the upper part of the stomach is removed, the remaining part of the stomach is connected directly to the esophagus. This allows for the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach.

Gastrojejunostomy: After total gastrectomy, the small intestine is connected to the remaining part of the esophagus. A section of the jejunum (a part of the small intestine) is used to create this connection, allowing for the passage of food from the esophagus into the small intestine.

The specific details of stomach cancer surgery, including the type of gastrectomy and the extent of lymph node dissection, are determined by the individual patient's condition, the stage and location of the cancer, and the surgeon's expertise. It is important for patients to consult with their healthcare team to discuss the most appropriate surgical approach for their specific situation.

Colorectal Cancer Surgery: Colectomy, proctectomy, and sphincter-sparing techniques

Colorectal cancer surgery involves several procedures, including colectomy, proctectomy, and sphincter-sparing techniques. These surgeries aim to remove the cancerous tissue and, when possible, preserve the function of the rectum and anal sphincter.

Colectomy: Colectomy is the surgical removal of part or all of the colon (large intestine). The extent of the colectomy depends on the location and stage of the cancer. There are different types of colectomy:

Partial Colectomy: This procedure involves the removal of the cancerous section of the colon, along with a margin of healthy tissue on either side. The remaining healthy portions of the colon are then reconnected.

Total Colectomy: In certain cases, when the cancer affects a significant portion of the colon or when there is a risk of recurrence, the entire colon may need to be removed. The small intestine is then connected directly to the rectum or to a stoma (an opening on the abdomen for waste elimination).

Proctectomy: Proctectomy is the surgical removal of the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine. It is performed when the cancer is located in the rectum or if it has spread to this area. There are different types of proctectomy:

Partial Proctectomy: In this procedure, the cancerous portion of the rectum is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue. The remaining healthy rectum is reconnected to the remaining colon.

Total Proctectomy: In certain cases, when the cancer affects the entire rectum or if there is a risk of recurrence, the entire rectum may need to be removed. The surgeon then creates a stoma for waste elimination.

Sphincter-Sparing Techniques: Sphincter-sparing techniques are used to preserve the anal sphincter, which is important for maintaining bowel control. These techniques are employed when the cancer is located close to the anal sphincter and it is possible to preserve its function. They include:

Local Excision: This technique is used for early-stage cancers or small tumors. The surgeon removes the tumor and a small margin of healthy tissue through the anus using specialized tools.

Transanal Resection: This procedure is used for slightly larger tumors that are still within the rectum. The surgeon removes the tumor through the anus using specialized instruments.

Low Anterior Resection: This technique involves the removal of the cancerous portion of the rectum, while preserving the anal sphincter. The remaining healthy rectum is then reconnected to the colon.

Liver Cancer Surgery: Hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and ablation therapies

Liver cancer surgery involves various procedures depending on the stage and extent of the disease. Three common surgical options for liver cancer treatment are hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and ablation therapies.

Hepatectomy: Hepatectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the liver affected by cancer. This procedure is performed when the tumor is limited to a specific area of the liver and the remaining liver tissue is healthy enough to support the body's functions. The goal is to remove the tumor and ensure that enough healthy liver tissue remains for proper liver function.

Liver transplantation: Liver transplantation is a surgical procedure where the entire liver affected by cancer is replaced with a healthy liver from a deceased or living donor. This option is considered when the tumor is widespread within the liver or when the liver is severely damaged and cannot be effectively treated by other surgical methods. Liver transplantation is an extensive surgery and requires careful matching of donors and recipients.

Ablation therapies: Ablation therapies are minimally invasive procedures that target and destroy cancerous tumors within the liver. These techniques include radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation. In RFA and MWA, heat or microwaves are used to heat or burn the tumor, while cryoablation freezes the tumor using extremely cold temperatures. Ablation therapies are suitable for patients who have small tumors or are unable to undergo surgery due to underlying medical conditions.

It is important to note that the choice of surgical procedure depends on several factors such as the stage and location of the tumor, the overall health of the patient, and the availability of a suitable donor in the case of liver transplantation. The decision is made after a thorough evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals specialized in liver cancer treatment.

Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: Whipple procedure, distal pancreatectomy, and palliative surgeries

Pancreatic cancer surgery involves various procedures depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Three common surgical options for pancreatic cancer treatment are the Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), distal pancreatectomy, and palliative surgeries.

Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): The Whipple procedure is the most common surgery for tumors located in the head of the pancreas. It involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder, and sometimes a portion of the stomach. The remaining organs are then reconnected to allow for digestion and the flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes. This complex procedure is performed to completely remove the tumor and preserve the function of the remaining pancreas.

Distal pancreatectomy: Distal pancreatectomy involves the removal of the tail and body of the pancreas when the tumor is located in this area. The spleen may also be removed if it is involved or if necessary for better access to the tumor. This surgery is suitable when the cancer is confined to the body or tail of the pancreas.

Palliative surgeries: Palliative surgeries are performed to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer that cannot be completely removed. These procedures aim to bypass blocked bile or digestive pathways and alleviate pain or discomfort. Common palliative surgeries include biliary stenting (placement of a tube to relieve bile duct obstruction), gastrojejunostomy (connecting the stomach to the jejunum to bypass a blocked duodenum), and celiac plexus block (injection of medication to numb nerves and reduce pain).

The choice of surgical procedure depends on several factors such as the location and stage of the tumor, the overall health of the patient, and the potential benefits and risks associated with each procedure. The decision is made after a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals specialized in pancreatic cancer treatment.

Surgical options for other gastrointestinal cancers: Small intestine, gallbladder cancer surgery, and appendix

Surgical options for other gastrointestinal cancers, such as small intestine, gallbladder cancer, and appendix cancer, vary depending on the specific location and stage of the disease. Here are some common surgical procedures used for these cancers:

Small Intestine Cancer Surgery: Surgical treatment for small intestine cancer typically involves the removal of the affected portion of the small intestine. The extent of the surgery depends on the location and size of the tumor. Procedures may include segmental resection (removal of a portion of the small intestine), bowel bypass (rerouting the intestines to bypass the tumor), or in some cases, a complete resection of the small intestine. Lymph nodes in the area may also be removed to check for cancer spread.

Gallbladder Cancer Surgery: The surgical approach for gallbladder cancer depends on the stage of the disease and may involve different procedures. These can include cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder), extended cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder, surrounding lymph nodes, and a portion of the liver or bile duct), or hepatectomy (removal of a portion of the liver). In advanced cases, palliative surgeries may be performed to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Appendix Cancer Surgery: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for appendix cancer. The most common procedure is appendectomy, which involves the removal of the appendix. Additional procedures may be required based on the stage and extent of the tumor. These can include right hemicolectomy (removal of the appendix, cecum, and part of the colon), ileocecal resection (removal of the appendix, cecum, and a portion of the small intestine), or peritonectomy (removal of the lining of the abdominal cavity). In some cases, heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be performed during surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells in the abdomen.

The choice of surgical procedure depends on several factors, including the location, stage, and extent of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient. The treatment plan is determined by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals specialized in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer refers to malignancies that originate in the digestive system, which includes the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. These cancers can develop in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and exhibit different characteristics. Here are the common types of gastrointestinal cancer:

Esophageal Cancer: Esophageal cancer occurs in the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach. The two main types are: a. Adenocarcinoma: It typically affects the lower part of the esophagus and is often associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). b. Squamous cell carcinoma: This type is more common in the upper part of the esophagus and is often linked to tobacco and alcohol use.

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer: Gastric cancer arises in the lining of the stomach. The two main types are: a. Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of stomach cancer, accounting for 90-95% of cases. b. Lymphoma, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs), and Carcinoid tumors: These are rarer types of stomach cancer.

Liver Cancer: Liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma, begins in the liver cells. It may result from chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis, or from viral infections like hepatitis B and C.

Pancreatic Cancer: Pancreatic cancer originates in the pancreas, an organ that produces enzymes for digestion and regulates blood sugar. The two main types are: a. Exocrine tumors: These tumors start in the cells that produce digestive enzymes and represent the majority of pancreatic cancers. b. Neuroendocrine tumors: These are less common and develop in hormone-producing cells of the pancreas.

Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal cancer affects the colon (large intestine) and rectum. It is divided into: a. Colon cancer: Tumors that begin in the colon, which is the longest part of the large intestine. b. Rectal cancer: Tumors that develop in the rectum, the lower part of the large intestine.

Anal Cancer: Anal cancer occurs in the anal canal, the short tube connecting the rectum to the anus. It is often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Small Intestine Cancer: Small intestine cancer is rare and can originate in different cell types within the small intestine.

Gastrointestinal cancer surgery plays a critical role in the treatment and management of GI cancers. It involves a multidisciplinary approach, with skilled surgeons collaborating with oncologists and other specialists to provide comprehensive care. By understanding the significance of surgical intervention, familiarizing oneself with different surgical procedures, and following proper post-operative care guidelines, patients can have better treatment outcomes and improved quality of life. If you or a loved one is diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer, consulting with a qualified GI cancer surgeon in Delhi or any other trusted medical center can provide personalized guidance and optimal care throughout the treatment journey.

[rjsharma]

Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Treatment and Recovery

Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide to Treatment and Recovery

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a complex and potentially life-threatening condition that affects the digestive system. When diagnosed with GI cancer, surgery often plays a crucial role in treatment, aiming to remove cancerous tumors and restore normal functioning. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the various aspects of gastrointestinal cancer surgery, including its importance, surgical procedures, recovery process, and post-operative care.

Surgical Procedures for Gastrointestinal Cancer 

Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Esophagectomy, lymphadenectomy, and reconstruction techniques

Esophageal cancer surgery typically involves a procedure known as esophagectomy, which involves the removal of a portion or the entire esophagus. This surgery is often performed alongside lymphadenectomy, which is the removal of nearby lymph nodes to check for cancer spread.

Esophagectomy can be performed through different approaches, including open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or robot-assisted surgery. The choice of approach depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, cancer stage, and surgeon's expertise.

During the surgery, the surgeon first removes the affected part of the esophagus and nearby lymph nodes. The remaining healthy parts of the esophagus are then reconnected to the stomach or the remaining portion of the esophagus, allowing for the passage of food and liquids.

There are different reconstruction techniques available depending on the extent of esophageal removal. These include:

Primary anastomosis: This technique involves directly reconnecting the remaining esophagus to the stomach or the upper part of the esophagus. It is suitable when there is enough healthy esophagus left to create a connection.

Esophageal replacement: In cases where a significant portion of the esophagus needs to be removed, the surgeon may use a portion of the stomach or intestine to create a new connection. This technique is known as esophageal replacement or reconstruction.

Gastric pull-up: The surgeon uses a portion of the stomach, typically the fundus, and pulls it up into the chest to connect it to the remaining part of the esophagus.

Colonic interposition: A segment of the colon is used to replace the removed esophagus. One end of the colon is connected to the remaining esophagus, while the other end is attached to the stomach or the neck.

Jejunal interposition: A section of the small intestine, called the jejunum, is used to create a new esophagus. It is connected to the stomach or the neck, bypassing the removed esophagus.

These reconstruction techniques aim to restore the normal swallowing function and maintain the continuity of the digestive tract after the removal of the esophagus. The choice of technique depends on factors such as the patient's overall health, cancer stage, and the surgeon's experience and preference.

Stomach Cancer Surgery: Gastrectomy, partial or total, with or without lymph node dissection

Stomach cancer surgery typically involves a procedure called gastrectomy, which is the surgical removal of part or all of the stomach. The extent of the gastrectomy depends on the size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.

There are two main types of gastrectomy:

Partial Gastrectomy: In this procedure, only a portion of the stomach containing the tumor is removed. The surgeon removes the affected area of the stomach, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding the tumor. The remaining part of the stomach is then connected to the small intestine to allow for the passage of food.

Total Gastrectomy: This surgery involves the complete removal of the entire stomach. In a total gastrectomy, the surgeon removes the entire stomach and connects the esophagus directly to the small intestine. After the procedure, the patient's food will bypass the stomach, and the small intestine will assume the function of digestion and absorption.

Lymph node dissection, also known as lymphadenectomy, is often performed during gastrectomy. Lymph nodes are part of the body's immune system and may be a site for the spread of cancer cells. By removing nearby lymph nodes, the surgeon can assess if the cancer has spread and determine the appropriate treatment plan.

The extent of lymph node dissection varies depending on the stage and location of the cancer. The surgeon will remove the lymph nodes in the area surrounding the stomach to check for any cancerous cells. The number and location of lymph nodes removed will be determined by the surgeon based on the individual case.

In some cases, additional procedures may be performed alongside gastrectomy, such as:

Esophagogastrostomy: When the upper part of the stomach is removed, the remaining part of the stomach is connected directly to the esophagus. This allows for the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach.

Gastrojejunostomy: After total gastrectomy, the small intestine is connected to the remaining part of the esophagus. A section of the jejunum (a part of the small intestine) is used to create this connection, allowing for the passage of food from the esophagus into the small intestine.

The specific details of stomach cancer surgery, including the type of gastrectomy and the extent of lymph node dissection, are determined by the individual patient's condition, the stage and location of the cancer, and the surgeon's expertise. It is important for patients to consult with their healthcare team to discuss the most appropriate surgical approach for their specific situation.

Colorectal Cancer Surgery: Colectomy, proctectomy, and sphincter-sparing techniques

Colorectal cancer surgery involves several procedures, including colectomy, proctectomy, and sphincter-sparing techniques. These surgeries aim to remove the cancerous tissue and, when possible, preserve the function of the rectum and anal sphincter.

Colectomy: Colectomy is the surgical removal of part or all of the colon (large intestine). The extent of the colectomy depends on the location and stage of the cancer. There are different types of colectomy:

Partial Colectomy: This procedure involves the removal of the cancerous section of the colon, along with a margin of healthy tissue on either side. The remaining healthy portions of the colon are then reconnected.

Total Colectomy: In certain cases, when the cancer affects a significant portion of the colon or when there is a risk of recurrence, the entire colon may need to be removed. The small intestine is then connected directly to the rectum or to a stoma (an opening on the abdomen for waste elimination).

Proctectomy: Proctectomy is the surgical removal of the rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine. It is performed when the cancer is located in the rectum or if it has spread to this area. There are different types of proctectomy:

Partial Proctectomy: In this procedure, the cancerous portion of the rectum is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue. The remaining healthy rectum is reconnected to the remaining colon.

Total Proctectomy: In certain cases, when the cancer affects the entire rectum or if there is a risk of recurrence, the entire rectum may need to be removed. The surgeon then creates a stoma for waste elimination.

Sphincter-Sparing Techniques: Sphincter-sparing techniques are used to preserve the anal sphincter, which is important for maintaining bowel control. These techniques are employed when the cancer is located close to the anal sphincter and it is possible to preserve its function. They include:

Local Excision: This technique is used for early-stage cancers or small tumors. The surgeon removes the tumor and a small margin of healthy tissue through the anus using specialized tools.

Transanal Resection: This procedure is used for slightly larger tumors that are still within the rectum. The surgeon removes the tumor through the anus using specialized instruments.

Low Anterior Resection: This technique involves the removal of the cancerous portion of the rectum, while preserving the anal sphincter. The remaining healthy rectum is then reconnected to the colon.

Liver Cancer Surgery: Hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and ablation therapies

Liver cancer surgery involves various procedures depending on the stage and extent of the disease. Three common surgical options for liver cancer treatment are hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and ablation therapies.

Hepatectomy: Hepatectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the liver affected by cancer. This procedure is performed when the tumor is limited to a specific area of the liver and the remaining liver tissue is healthy enough to support the body's functions. The goal is to remove the tumor and ensure that enough healthy liver tissue remains for proper liver function.

Liver transplantation: Liver transplantation is a surgical procedure where the entire liver affected by cancer is replaced with a healthy liver from a deceased or living donor. This option is considered when the tumor is widespread within the liver or when the liver is severely damaged and cannot be effectively treated by other surgical methods. Liver transplantation is an extensive surgery and requires careful matching of donors and recipients.

Ablation therapies: Ablation therapies are minimally invasive procedures that target and destroy cancerous tumors within the liver. These techniques include radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation. In RFA and MWA, heat or microwaves are used to heat or burn the tumor, while cryoablation freezes the tumor using extremely cold temperatures. Ablation therapies are suitable for patients who have small tumors or are unable to undergo surgery due to underlying medical conditions.

It is important to note that the choice of surgical procedure depends on several factors such as the stage and location of the tumor, the overall health of the patient, and the availability of a suitable donor in the case of liver transplantation. The decision is made after a thorough evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals specialized in liver cancer treatment.

Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: Whipple procedure, distal pancreatectomy, and palliative surgeries

Pancreatic cancer surgery involves various procedures depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Three common surgical options for pancreatic cancer treatment are the Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), distal pancreatectomy, and palliative surgeries.

Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): The Whipple procedure is the most common surgery for tumors located in the head of the pancreas. It involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder, and sometimes a portion of the stomach. The remaining organs are then reconnected to allow for digestion and the flow of bile and pancreatic enzymes. This complex procedure is performed to completely remove the tumor and preserve the function of the remaining pancreas.

Distal pancreatectomy: Distal pancreatectomy involves the removal of the tail and body of the pancreas when the tumor is located in this area. The spleen may also be removed if it is involved or if necessary for better access to the tumor. This surgery is suitable when the cancer is confined to the body or tail of the pancreas.

Palliative surgeries: Palliative surgeries are performed to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer that cannot be completely removed. These procedures aim to bypass blocked bile or digestive pathways and alleviate pain or discomfort. Common palliative surgeries include biliary stenting (placement of a tube to relieve bile duct obstruction), gastrojejunostomy (connecting the stomach to the jejunum to bypass a blocked duodenum), and celiac plexus block (injection of medication to numb nerves and reduce pain).

The choice of surgical procedure depends on several factors such as the location and stage of the tumor, the overall health of the patient, and the potential benefits and risks associated with each procedure. The decision is made after a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals specialized in pancreatic cancer treatment.

Surgical options for other gastrointestinal cancers: Small intestine, gallbladder cancer surgery, and appendix

Surgical options for other gastrointestinal cancers, such as small intestine, gallbladder cancer, and appendix cancer, vary depending on the specific location and stage of the disease. Here are some common surgical procedures used for these cancers:

Small Intestine Cancer Surgery: Surgical treatment for small intestine cancer typically involves the removal of the affected portion of the small intestine. The extent of the surgery depends on the location and size of the tumor. Procedures may include segmental resection (removal of a portion of the small intestine), bowel bypass (rerouting the intestines to bypass the tumor), or in some cases, a complete resection of the small intestine. Lymph nodes in the area may also be removed to check for cancer spread.

Gallbladder Cancer Surgery: The surgical approach for gallbladder cancer depends on the stage of the disease and may involve different procedures. These can include cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder), extended cholecystectomy (removal of the gallbladder, surrounding lymph nodes, and a portion of the liver or bile duct), or hepatectomy (removal of a portion of the liver). In advanced cases, palliative surgeries may be performed to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Appendix Cancer Surgery: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for appendix cancer. The most common procedure is appendectomy, which involves the removal of the appendix. Additional procedures may be required based on the stage and extent of the tumor. These can include right hemicolectomy (removal of the appendix, cecum, and part of the colon), ileocecal resection (removal of the appendix, cecum, and a portion of the small intestine), or peritonectomy (removal of the lining of the abdominal cavity). In some cases, heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) may be performed during surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells in the abdomen.

The choice of surgical procedure depends on several factors, including the location, stage, and extent of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient. The treatment plan is determined by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals specialized in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer refers to malignancies that originate in the digestive system, which includes the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. These cancers can develop in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and exhibit different characteristics. Here are the common types of gastrointestinal cancer:

Esophageal Cancer: Esophageal cancer occurs in the esophagus, the tube connecting the throat to the stomach. The two main types are: a. Adenocarcinoma: It typically affects the lower part of the esophagus and is often associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). b. Squamous cell carcinoma: This type is more common in the upper part of the esophagus and is often linked to tobacco and alcohol use.

Stomach (Gastric) Cancer: Gastric cancer arises in the lining of the stomach. The two main types are: a. Adenocarcinoma: This is the most common type of stomach cancer, accounting for 90-95% of cases. b. Lymphoma, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs), and Carcinoid tumors: These are rarer types of stomach cancer.

Liver Cancer: Liver cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma, begins in the liver cells. It may result from chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis, or from viral infections like hepatitis B and C.

Pancreatic Cancer: Pancreatic cancer originates in the pancreas, an organ that produces enzymes for digestion and regulates blood sugar. The two main types are: a. Exocrine tumors: These tumors start in the cells that produce digestive enzymes and represent the majority of pancreatic cancers. b. Neuroendocrine tumors: These are less common and develop in hormone-producing cells of the pancreas.

Colorectal Cancer: Colorectal cancer affects the colon (large intestine) and rectum. It is divided into: a. Colon cancer: Tumors that begin in the colon, which is the longest part of the large intestine. b. Rectal cancer: Tumors that develop in the rectum, the lower part of the large intestine.

Anal Cancer: Anal cancer occurs in the anal canal, the short tube connecting the rectum to the anus. It is often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Small Intestine Cancer: Small intestine cancer is rare and can originate in different cell types within the small intestine.

Gastrointestinal cancer surgery plays a critical role in the treatment and management of GI cancers. It involves a multidisciplinary approach, with skilled surgeons collaborating with oncologists and other specialists to provide comprehensive care. By understanding the significance of surgical intervention, familiarizing oneself with different surgical procedures, and following proper post-operative care guidelines, patients can have better treatment outcomes and improved quality of life. If you or a loved one is diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer, consulting with a qualified GI cancer surgeon in Delhi or any other trusted medical center can provide personalized guidance and optimal care throughout the treatment journey.

[naaneedariha]

Effective Treatments for Prostate Cancer

Symptoms of prostate most cancers

Pain and burning sensation all through urination

Weakness

Impotence

Interruption all through float of the urine

Inability to urinate

Frequent urination, specifically at night

Blood all through urination

Pain withinside the decrease elements of the frame like top thighs, returned and pelvis

Many recuperation strategies are used to treatment the prostate most cancers like Surgery, Radiotherapy, Hormonal Therapy, Biological Therapy and Targeted Therapy.

Some of the strategies had been defined as follows:

Surgery It has been a success for the preliminary degree of the prostate most cancers. Surgery is achieved while cancerous tissues have an effect on the complete reproductive machine of a person. It has different sorts like Pelvic lymphadenectomy, Radical prostatectomy, Retropubic prostatectomy, Perineal prostatectomy and prostatectomy Perineal prostatectomy. It is normally endorsed via way of means of the oncologists on the preliminary the degree of the prostate most cancers.

Chemotherapy It is every other powerful approach for the Prostate Cancer Treatment that's finished through drug or medicine technique. Drugs are designed in line with the degree and the sort of the tumor. It is normally used with the aggregate of surgical operation and radiotherapy for a greater a success result.

Cryosurgery It is the technique wherein inflamed malignant cells are cooled to a totally low temperature with liquid nitrogen or argon. Oncologists use picture strategies which include MR (Magnetic Resonance), CT test and ultrasound to manual this cooling technique. This technique is both utilized by topically or surgically relying upon the degree of the cancerous cells.

Radiotherapy Radiotherapy is every other powerful Prostate Cancer Treatment wherein radiation beams in shape of X-rays are focused at the cancerous tissues to heal the malignant tissues.

Proton therapy This is one of the maximum well-known recuperation strategies for prostate most cancers. It is finished through excessive ionized proton debris. Highly shifting debris kill the genetic substances of the malignant cells referred to as as DNA. In this approach, proton debris are brought in this sort of manner that avoids harming any wholesome tissue, main fewer aspect results after the treatment.

Summary Above defined recuperation strategies need to be achieved withinside the first-rate most cancers care hospitals wherein world-elegance infrastructure has been evolved and docs use medical path techniques to deal with every affected person withinside the first-rate feasible manner.

Read More: Promising Research and Information on Prostate Cancer

[arrangoiz]

Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial 2 (MSLT-2)

The Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial 2 (MSLT-2): Was recently published in June 2017: Which evaluated completion lymphadenectomy versus observation following positive sentinel lymph node biopsies for metastatic melanoma There was no significant difference: In disease-specific survival among the two treatment groups Key limitations to the study were: That it mostly included…

[indiamedicaltourism]

Stomach Cancer Treatment in India

Stomach cancer is also known as gastric cancer. It is a serious health problem that requires timely and effective treatment for better patient condition. India has made lots of advancements in the field of oncology and is providing a wide range of cancer treatment options for stomach cancer in top Indian hospitals. We will discuss about various aspects of stomach cancer treatment in India such as cost of treatment, top oncologist, best cancer hospitals etc.

Stomach cancer treatment in India follows a multidisciplinary method, involving a team of highly skilled cancer specialists, including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists, and radiologists. This collaborative approach ensures comprehensive evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and personalized treatment plans for each stomach cancer patient.

India is home to several best hospitals and cancer centers that are equipped with latest medical related technology for the diagnosis and treatment of stomach cancer. You can find many best stomach cancer hospitals in India. These facilities offer advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic procedures for accurate staging and planning of cancer treatment.

Surgery plays an important role in stomach cancer treatment, especially in the early stages. India has top experienced surgical oncologists who specialize in performing complex procedures such as gastrectomy (partial or total removal of the stomach) and lymphadenectomy (removal of nearby lymph nodes). They employ advanced surgical techniques, including minimally invasive approaches like laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery, resulting in smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, faster recovery, and improved outcomes for patients.

Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of stomach cancer, particularly for patients with advanced stages of the disease. India has approved several targeted therapy drugs that specifically target cancer cells with certain genetic mutations or overexpressed proteins. These therapies, such as trastuzumab for HER2-positive stomach cancer, have shown significant efficacy in improving survival outcomes.

Chemotherapy is an integral part of stomach cancer treatment, both before and after surgery. Indian medical oncologists stay updated with the latest chemotherapy regimens and have access to a wide range of chemotherapy drugs. They develop personalized treatment plans based on the stage, grade, and molecular characteristics of the tumor, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients.

Radiation therapy is often used in combination with surgery and chemotherapy for stomach cancer treatment. India has advanced radiation therapy facilities that offer techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). These techniques precisely target the tumor while minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.

Stomach cancer treatment cost in India is lower than many other countries in the world. So many foreign patients choose India for medical treatment for stomach cancer. India offers cost-effective treatment without compromising on medical treatment quality. The cost of treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and supportive care etc.

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Source: https://bestmedicaltourismcompanyinindia.blogspot.com/2023/07/stomach-cancer-treatment-in-india.html