#lexus taiwan

[lyselkatzfandomluvs]

別人不信你，我信你啊! - Even if others don't, I believe in you!

Jack Yáo ChúnYào 姚淳耀 and Fandy Fàn ShàoHsun 范少勳 for the Lexus Taiwan *My Film* short film competition.

[chenganchung]

Lexus NX300

VLT 25% 70%

FRONT GLASS SHIELD

[jvuhn]

Baby shower

Offered ride home - kiss on your cheeks

2 days after

Jvan are you up? Help me.

1 month car hunting

Ill go to you ill pick you up - no pick me up at starbucks mindanao at this time

Fortuner bulacan scam

Fortuner quezon city

Fortuner las pinas

Fortuner autocamp

Masil charcoal grill - your treat cause whole day with you

May 19, 2024 - Do you want to make out - i thought youd never ask

Skyway lightning with dog to ate baby doggie

Altis windshield crack - i have shop to do that

Mingyu svt karat

Pacute selfie

The ex effect

Eye rolls - baby eye rolls

Dog trainer

Jog at filinvest with sila con

Dropped by the house 1st time you driving to my place after i showed you

Vape run

Ootds for me

Bantayan island

Bantayan island accident

May 26, 2024 - raining, after your jog, vape, altis - youre different

Hair color

Vornado

Japan

Try 711 food its very good

Selfie connect the dots

Selfie before make up going to your barkadas house near you

What are you wearing? Can i see

Download strava and open it when you go out

Samba shopping

Lays truffle

Condo errands

Naks naka burbery shirt

Shuuuubawuuuu everywhere

Replica - bubble bath - your perfume for dates

Wala na akong pwet

Disneyland - i want to go to disney sea

What do you think about this interior - so minimalist walang sayang sa space - but i dont like it

Forgot my wallet ~~ taaaadaaan

Xv of your friend

Tokyo sky - core memory helipad

Condo checking

Tambay at your barkadas house

Altis gtx pro front - west ave

Gts car care plaza

Navy guy msgd you "bahay ka lang?"

Client stress

Sales invoice day

Pokemon day - i choose you ill catch you with my master ball

What is master ball? Google it.

Tokyo sky pictures when you went to tokyo

When you get back

Where to get leather seats for altis

Montero las pinas

Autonexus

Test drive - montero

Hi tita kamusta? May tinignan po kaming montero its nice

Lexus video with a rare pokemon

I dont know what to do without you

Lolo - crying in car

Magnolia

Uniqlo - run clothes for you and clothes for me

Kissy selfie peace angry and eye roll selfie in 1

Condo parking stress

Charger - aa usb - dashcam - led fog and high for altis

Ootd pictures

Look what i got obd2 screen

June 10 - montero - try mo ung remote start

Makakasakay ba ako dyan sa montero mo?

Rfid slex

Condo checking with me

Cereal polvoron

Oaktop for light dinner

Navy guy - nabastusan ako

Foreman - kausapin ka ng boyfriend ko

Subic called you

The afterpolish inquiry

Blessing the montero

Condo furniture shopping

Decided to glass coating - pick me up

Zix with you

Lays hoarding

The ordinary

Coating booster

Condo tv bracket

Pass sa lowkey

Client - nice love it - proud of you

Condo pictures

Clients home

Rfid nlex

Navy still msging

Spider

Vape and mcdo before going to ethan you look so beautiful

You going to quezon

Super dark

Weak signal

Never again going to quezon

Villa escudero

Dinner party with the koreans - why do you look so good but when youre with me...

Altis problems

Altis foglights - so bright

Mama - bakit yellow yan patayin mo yan

Run with john at up

Mcdo treat

Tris and bf - i dont like him for her - ill always listen to your rants and will never get tired

Ganda nung t2

Tadeo - ive always wanted to try this - always flexing

Oil for altis

Escobars

Harley

Teddy

Misty

Polo

Billie

Jurassic world terror evolves

S&r card for discount

Booster r pro tutorial

Ano ginagawa mo? Bat ka nagpapagas anong oras na? Need ko magpagas wala ng gas..

Cooking for the babies

You going to gab to have the tire checked

You passing by the house

House quick tour - aki

Altis interior cleaning

Canvass for montero tires

Jisulife for my taiwan trip

Jisu unboxing

You getting angry and lashing it out on me - after this you dont talk to me as regular as before not much selfies even not comforting me when im ranting about stuffs. It seems like youre not interested with me anymore.

Bia

Have you eaten? Not yet hold on - ate your cooked food - always loved what you cook

Deadpool and wolverine a day after i come back to ph

Mommys day and maxies day

Family trip no signal still updating you

Manipedi-food spa - yuan spa

Youre still following her yeah just follow shes on mute

I want a baby

This day the H

End of july aug sept oct not that good days...

Samahan moko sa cavite may kukunin lang ako then off to evia to eat then ice cream then you home.

Samahan moko clark. Waitied for an hour but its okay. Omni. Korean fil food. Moon cafe. You talking to ate for hours. Traffic going home. You wanted to go to lakeshore i want to take you somewhere in clark you would love it.

Samahan moko to batangas. Make hatid your ate. Mahiya ka naman kay jvan. No its okay ill pick you up we need to leave at this time. Qc-las pinas-batangas-prism-red doorz-araneta-home neyo day tiring day but so worth it.

Baguio strawberry treats.

Appreciate the thought but i cant accept this. Unfollow everywhere. Remember the podcast. Its different when you unfollow

I wanted us to last this time i want you to be the one that ill bend my knee to. I really do. Its been a month and im still thinking of you what are you doing hows your day and all.

Are we really done? Ill never hate you i always have a trauma towards you but Ill always always love you. Even with our history past present. You dont have to doubt me just stay with me.

I wont say goodbye.

[metamoonshots]

Taiwan’s regulation enforcement companies busted what might be the most important cryptocurrency-related cash laundering case within the area, involving 324.2 million USDT. The Legal Bureau’s Digital Investigation Group of Taiwan has confiscated quite a few items of proof, together with a Lamborghini, a LEXUS LM, three high-end timepieces, work-related cellphones, and narcotics. Taiwan’s Largest Ever Crypto Bust In accordance with a statement from the legal investigation bureau of the police company within the industrial metropolis of Taichung, a suspect with the surname Chiu was arrested in June. Chiu is alleged to have facilitated the laundering of over 324.2 million USDT, which was linked to an funding fraud case uncovered in October 2022. Along with Chiu, three different people had been additionally apprehended, as reported by the native newspaper United Every day Information. The police investigation revealed that the fraud group instructed victims to switch their funds to fraudulent accounts and subsequently funneled these illicit funds to abroad cryptocurrency exchanges or particular person crypto merchants. Chiu is accused of buying these cryptocurrencies and changing them into money. A specialised activity pressure decided that Chiu had been a frequent traveler to Hong Kong, the Philippines, and Malaysia, which in line with the authorities raised suspicions that the suspect may need been in communication with worldwide playing and fraudulent organizations. Chiu was apprehended by the police in June at Taoyuan Worldwide Airport upon the suspect’s return to the nation. Digital Asset Administration Invoice Regardless that Taiwan has been identified for its powerful crypto stance, its lawmakers presented the Digital Asset Administration Invoice to the single-chamber parliament, generally known as the Legislative Yuan final week. The primary goal of the 30-page invoice is to boost buyer safeguards and guarantee efficient oversight of the business. It outlined necessities for the digital asset service suppliers (VASPs) and proposed obligations, together with segregating buyer funds from the corporate’s reserve funds, implementing an inner management and audit system, and affiliating with the native commerce affiliation. Beneath the proposed laws, VASPs that function and not using a license may face fines starting from a minimal of two million Taiwanese dollars (roughly $60,000) to a most of 20 million TWD ($600,000). Moreover, companies presently energetic within the Taiwanese market can be granted a six-month window to safe a license as soon as the invoice is enacted. Final July, Taiwan’s Monetary Supervisory Fee (FSC) sent a letter to the Affiliation of Banks requesting bank card corporations to stop processing funds for retailers concerned in cryptocurrency-related actions. SPECIAL OFFER (Sponsored) Binance Free $100 (Unique): Use this link to register and obtain $100 free and 10% off charges on Binance Futures first month (terms).PrimeXBT Particular Supply: Use this link to register & enter CRYPTOPOTATO50 code to obtain as much as $7,000 in your deposits.

[wiackcom]

Lexus stunned the automotive world by unveiling the LM minivan in 2019, the brand's most lavish vehicle ever. Targeted at VIP transportation in Asia, this futuristic minivan has yet to launch in North America. This guide will examine the Lexus LM - its origins, opulent features, model configurations, pricing, and the prospects of it eventually coming to the US. Introduction to the New Lexus LM Luxury Minivan The Lexus LM is a newly developed, ultra-luxurious minivan only available in Asian markets. Key facts: Debuted in 2019, went on sale in 2020 Currently sold in China, Japan, and other Asian countries Not available in US or Europe Two models offered - hybrid LM 300h and gas-powered LM 350 Designed specifically as a chauffeured vehicle Overflowing with luxury features and technology With seating for up to 7, the futuristic LM caters to high-end clients that demand luxury and space. But its high price and focus on rear seat comfort make US availability unlikely. Lexus LM Background and Development The LM traces its roots back to the Toyota Alphard, a top-line minivan sold in Asia: Lexus decided to adapt the Alphard into an ultra-luxury model Work began in 2016 to transform it into a flagship LM design finalized in 2019, debuted at Auto Shanghai Represents most lavish, expensive Lexus model ever Toyota's extensive minivan expertise was leveraged to position the LM as a rolling embodiment of Japanese hospitality. Targeted at Chauffeured Executives Rear seat focus suits business leaders and VIPs China luxury minivan market expected to flourish Jesus Benito, head of Lexus International: "The LM harmonizes contradictory elements...It is a new genre of luxury vehicle." A radical reinvention of the minivan concept for upper class clients. Lexus LM Models and Configurations The LM is offered in both hybrid and gasoline variants, with seating arrangements designed around passenger comfort: LM 300h Hybrid Model LM 300h Hybrid Model 2.5L inline-4 paired with electric motors Total system output of 219 hp 60/40 split folding rear seats Optional captain's chairs for 6 passenger seating Available with 4 or 7 passenger configurations LM 350 Gasoline Model LM 350 Gasoline Model 3.5L V6 producing 260 horsepower 8-speed automatic transmission Same seating arrangements as LM 300h More affordable option compared to hybrid Both models deliver silky V8-level refinement thanks to extensive sound insulation. Lexus LM Pricing Around the Globe Pricing of the Lexus LM varies greatly depending on market: Lexus LM in China Base model LM 300h starts around $120,000 USD Top LM 350 model over $200,000 USD Ultra luxury makes it aspirational status symbol Lexus LM in Japan Lexus LM pricing starts around $95,000 USD Higher trims push over $120,000 USD Costs 2-3X more than similar Toyota Alphard Other Asian Markets Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong trims similar to Japan Taiwan LM pricing closer to China market Consistently highest prices of any Lexus model The LM commands premiums of up to 3X the Toyota donor vans, reflecting its bespoke luxury transformation. Lavish Interior Features and Technology The LM lavishes occupants with every conceivable luxury feature: Opulent Leather Seating Semi-aniline leather upholstery Heating, ventilation, and massage functions Rotating rear captain's chairs on some trims Optional fold-out ottoman footrests Enormous Driver and Passenger Displays Up to 24" rear seat entertainment screens Heads up display for driver Wireless charging pads and touchscreen controls Advanced Safety and Driving Technology Lexus Safety System+ 2.5 driver assist suite 24-sensor surround view monitor Road sign assist, parking support brake Advanced air purification climate control No expense was spared crafting the LM's otherworldly interior comfort.

Prospects of the Lexus LM Coming to the USA Given its exotic concept and rarefied pricing, possibilities of Lexus selling the LM minivan in America seem doubtful: Limited Demand Among Luxury Buyers Minivans carry stigma among status-conscious buyers Better reception expected for upcoming Lexus RZ EV crossover Unknown If It Could Be Made LHD Currently the LM is only manufactured in right-hand drive Expensive to re-engineer steering and interior for left side Production focused on Chinese and Asian orders Pricing Would Likely Exceed $100,000 Base models would rival a Mercedes S-Class pricing To recoup R&D costs, MSRP would be highest of any Lexus Hard to entice buyers from European brands Global Chip Shortage Still Impacting Production LM minivan uses complex electronics requiring many chips Supply constraints could make exporting unfeasible While intriguing as a flagship, the LM may be destined exclusively for Asian markets. Its mix of prodigious price and minivan design seem tough sells in America. But Lexus could find interest with LWB livery fleets. For now, US buyers will have to admire the bold LM from afar. FAQs Does Lexus sell the LM minivan in the USA? No, the Lexus LM is currently only sold in Asian markets like China and Japan. It is not offered for sale in the USA. How much does the Lexus LM cost? The Lexus LM starts around $120,000 USD in China. In Japan, pricing starts around $95,000. Fully loaded models can cost over $200,000 USD. What features does the LM offer? The Lexus LM offers luxurious features like massaging leather seats, climate control, large entertainment screens and more. It has the latest tech and safety systems. When did the Lexus LM debut? The first generation Lexus LM debuted in 2020 as Lexus' most luxurious minivan offering. A redesigned model was recently revealed in 2023. Will Lexus ever sell the LM in America? It's unlikely Lexus will bring the LM to the US in the near future due to limited demand for luxury minivans. If they did, pricing would start over $100,000 USD. #Wiack #Car #CarInsurance #CarRental #CarPrice #AutoLoans

[sportyconnect]

Lexus stunned the automotive world by unveiling the LM minivan in 2019, the brand's most lavish vehicle ever. Targeted at VIP transportation in Asia, this futuristic minivan has yet to launch in North America. This guide will examine the Lexus LM - its origins, opulent features, model configurations, pricing, and the prospects of it eventually coming to the US. Introduction to the New Lexus LM Luxury Minivan The Lexus LM is a newly developed, ultra-luxurious minivan only available in Asian markets. Key facts: Debuted in 2019, went on sale in 2020 Currently sold in China, Japan, and other Asian countries Not available in US or Europe Two models offered - hybrid LM 300h and gas-powered LM 350 Designed specifically as a chauffeured vehicle Overflowing with luxury features and technology With seating for up to 7, the futuristic LM caters to high-end clients that demand luxury and space. But its high price and focus on rear seat comfort make US availability unlikely. Lexus LM Background and Development The LM traces its roots back to the Toyota Alphard, a top-line minivan sold in Asia: Lexus decided to adapt the Alphard into an ultra-luxury model Work began in 2016 to transform it into a flagship LM design finalized in 2019, debuted at Auto Shanghai Represents most lavish, expensive Lexus model ever Toyota's extensive minivan expertise was leveraged to position the LM as a rolling embodiment of Japanese hospitality. Targeted at Chauffeured Executives Rear seat focus suits business leaders and VIPs China luxury minivan market expected to flourish Jesus Benito, head of Lexus International: "The LM harmonizes contradictory elements...It is a new genre of luxury vehicle." A radical reinvention of the minivan concept for upper class clients. Lexus LM Models and Configurations The LM is offered in both hybrid and gasoline variants, with seating arrangements designed around passenger comfort: LM 300h Hybrid Model LM 300h Hybrid Model 2.5L inline-4 paired with electric motors Total system output of 219 hp 60/40 split folding rear seats Optional captain's chairs for 6 passenger seating Available with 4 or 7 passenger configurations LM 350 Gasoline Model LM 350 Gasoline Model 3.5L V6 producing 260 horsepower 8-speed automatic transmission Same seating arrangements as LM 300h More affordable option compared to hybrid Both models deliver silky V8-level refinement thanks to extensive sound insulation. Lexus LM Pricing Around the Globe Pricing of the Lexus LM varies greatly depending on market: Lexus LM in China Base model LM 300h starts around $120,000 USD Top LM 350 model over $200,000 USD Ultra luxury makes it aspirational status symbol Lexus LM in Japan Lexus LM pricing starts around $95,000 USD Higher trims push over $120,000 USD Costs 2-3X more than similar Toyota Alphard Other Asian Markets Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong trims similar to Japan Taiwan LM pricing closer to China market Consistently highest prices of any Lexus model The LM commands premiums of up to 3X the Toyota donor vans, reflecting its bespoke luxury transformation. Lavish Interior Features and Technology The LM lavishes occupants with every conceivable luxury feature: Opulent Leather Seating Semi-aniline leather upholstery Heating, ventilation, and massage functions Rotating rear captain's chairs on some trims Optional fold-out ottoman footrests Enormous Driver and Passenger Displays Up to 24" rear seat entertainment screens Heads up display for driver Wireless charging pads and touchscreen controls Advanced Safety and Driving Technology Lexus Safety System+ 2.5 driver assist suite 24-sensor surround view monitor Road sign assist, parking support brake Advanced air purification climate control No expense was spared crafting the LM's otherworldly interior comfort.

Prospects of the Lexus LM Coming to the USA Given its exotic concept and rarefied pricing, possibilities of Lexus selling the LM minivan in America seem doubtful: Limited Demand Among Luxury Buyers Minivans carry stigma among status-conscious buyers Better reception expected for upcoming Lexus RZ EV crossover Unknown If It Could Be Made LHD Currently the LM is only manufactured in right-hand drive Expensive to re-engineer steering and interior for left side Production focused on Chinese and Asian orders Pricing Would Likely Exceed $100,000 Base models would rival a Mercedes S-Class pricing To recoup R&D costs, MSRP would be highest of any Lexus Hard to entice buyers from European brands Global Chip Shortage Still Impacting Production LM minivan uses complex electronics requiring many chips Supply constraints could make exporting unfeasible While intriguing as a flagship, the LM may be destined exclusively for Asian markets. Its mix of prodigious price and minivan design seem tough sells in America. But Lexus could find interest with LWB livery fleets. For now, US buyers will have to admire the bold LM from afar. FAQs Does Lexus sell the LM minivan in the USA? No, the Lexus LM is currently only sold in Asian markets like China and Japan. It is not offered for sale in the USA. How much does the Lexus LM cost? The Lexus LM starts around $120,000 USD in China. In Japan, pricing starts around $95,000. Fully loaded models can cost over $200,000 USD. What features does the LM offer? The Lexus LM offers luxurious features like massaging leather seats, climate control, large entertainment screens and more. It has the latest tech and safety systems. When did the Lexus LM debut? The first generation Lexus LM debuted in 2020 as Lexus' most luxurious minivan offering. A redesigned model was recently revealed in 2023. Will Lexus ever sell the LM in America? It's unlikely Lexus will bring the LM to the US in the near future due to limited demand for luxury minivans. If they did, pricing would start over $100,000 USD. #Wiack #Car #CarInsurance #CarRental #CarPrice #AutoLoans

[ozis-paradise]

ØZI photographed by Paul Chen for Lexus

[zionxie]

Lexus LC500h

Front end and side view

[kt-racing]

Lexus GS350 installed KT suspension

[diwangpalaboy]

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

DEVELOPMENT DEFINED Rethinking Development by Roland Simbulan (1982) Development and the Developing World by Uma Kambhampati (2004) Development as Freedom by Amartya Sen (1999) An Introduction to Economics and Economic Development Issues in the Philippines edited by Reuel Hermoso (1997) Human Geography by Meredith Marsh and Peter Alagona (2009) DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Development Studies edited by Jeffrey Haynes (2005) International Development Studies: Theories and Methods in Research and Practice by Andy Sumner and Michael Tribe (2013) Critique, Rediscovery and Revival of Development Studies by Mural Arsel and Anirban Dasgupta (2015) The Irrelevance of Development Studies by Michael Edwards (1989) Oryentasyon at Kasaysayan ng UP Development Studies Program ni Roland Simbulan (2014) Development Studies in UP: History, Curriculum and Practicum by Edberto Villegas (2014) Development Studies by Trysh Olives (audio-visual presentation) Praxis by Yfur Fernandez (audio-visual presentation) DEVELOPMENT PARADIGMS AND MODELS Technocracy and Development in the Philippines by Roman Dubsky (1993) Discourses on Development by Bjorn Hettne (2005) The Development Reader edited by Sharad Chari and Stuart Corbridge (2008) The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment by Charles Wilber and Kenneth Jameson (1996) Perspectives and Debates in Development Studies by Benjamin Tolosa (1997) Perspectives on Society, the Economy and the State by Benjamin Tolosa (1997) The Crisis of Development Theory by Bruce McFarlane (1989) The Myth of Development: The Non-Viable Economies of the 21st Century by Oswaldo De Rivero (2001) Models of Development and the Concept of Social Development by Alfonzo Guzman (1993) Notions of Social Development in Philippine National Development Planning by Lourdes Rebullida (1987) Philippine Social Development Perspectives by Rizal Buendia (1995) Rural Administration and Development by Wilfredo Carada (2000) The People's Economy: Philippine Community-Based Industries and Alternative Development by Masaaki Satake (2003) Kaunlaran nina Jessica Dator at Marilu Cardenas (2004) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences by John Ponsaran, et. al. (2017) Center and Periphery: Economic and Political Levels of Analysis by Miomir Jaksic Challenges to Capitalism: Marx, Lenin and Mao by John Gurley (1976) The Myth of the Market: Promises and Illusions by Jeremy Seabrook (1990) Models of Development: A Comparative Study of Economic Growth in South Korea and Taiwan edited by Laurence Lau (1990) Indigenization for Development by UP College of Public Administration Research (1995) Good Practices on Indigenous People's Development edited by Victoria Tauli-Corpuz (2006) Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as if People Mattered by EF Schumacher (1973) Story of Stuff by Annie Leonard (audio-visual presentation) DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS Political Economy of GNP Accounting in the Philippines by Edberto Villegas (2008) Human Capital and Development in the Philippines edited by Joseph Capuno and Aniceto Orbeta (2008) The Economist Pocket World in Figures Human Development: The Neglected Dimension edited by Khadija Haq and Uner Kirdar (1986) Human Development Report Philippine Human Development Report DEVELOPMENT ETHICS Researching the Vulnerable by Pranee Liamputtong (2006) Displacement by Development: Ethics, Rights and Responsibilities by Peter Penz, Jay Drydyk and Pablo Bose (2011) Contesting Development: Critical Struggle for Social Change edited by Philippine McMichael (2010) Politics of Unequal Development by Anthony Payne (2005) Science and Technology for Development by James Smith (2009) The Elusive Agenda: Mainstreaming Women in Development by Rounaq Jahan (1995) Male Bias in the Development Process: A Overview by Diane Elson (1995) Migration and Development: A Matter of Seeking Justice by IBON International (2013) DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION Capacity for Development: New Solutions to Old Problems by UNDP (2002) Framework and Strategy in Human Wellbeing by Conservation International Philippines (2007) Community Organizing for People Empowerment by Angelito Manalili (1990) DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION Introduction to Development Communication by Jia Virginia Ongkiko and Alexander Flor (1998) Communication for Rural Development: A Source Book by Mario Acunzo, et. al. (2014) Panimulang Kurso sa Gawaing Propaganda by People's Education Resource Center - International Political Economy (2005) Campaign for People's Goals: A Toolkit for Campaigners by Campaign for People's Goals for Sustainable Development (2013) Communication from the Ground Up by Mina Ramirez (1990) Using Video for Sustainable Development: A Training Handbook by Paulina Baustista (1997) Panimulang Kurso sa Gawaing Propaganda by People's Education Resource Center Institute of Political Economy (2005) Making Documentaries in the Philippines by Isabel Enriquez Kenny (2005) Reflections on Development Communication by Nora Quebral (2007) Communication for Development by Alexander Flor (audio-visual presentation) GLOBALIZATION, DEGLOBALIZATION AND ALTERGLOBALIZATION Globalization: The Key Concepts by Thomas Hylland Ericksen (2007) Globalization and Development by Ian Taylor (2005) Globalization and Labor: The New 'Great Transformation' by Ronaldo Munck (2002) The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization by Thomas Friedman (2000) Power Shift by Alvin Toffler (1990) A People's World: Alternatives to Economic Globalization by John Madeley (2003) Questioning Globalization by Kavaljit Singh (2004) Intensifying Working Women's Burden: The Impact of Globalization on Women Labor in Asia edited by Judy Taguiwalo (2005) Deglobalization: Ideas for a New World Economy by Walden Bello (2002)

[newcapitalstarpartsllc]

[thinktosee]

IS A CORPORATION A PERSON?

No? That’s true if we look at it from a science/biological construct.

Yes? That’s true if viewed from a legal definition.

d’Errico offers this explanation :

“The concept that a corporation is a "person" is the legal core of corporate power. When the U.S. Supreme Court overturned New Hampshire's attempt to turn Dartmouth College into a public institution (Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. Reports 518 [1819]), the Court subordinated a state legislature to an "artificial being": the college corporation.” (1)

Or this summary by Ripken :

“A legal person is the subject of legal rights and duties. Only those who are legally recognized as persons have the capacity to participate in legal relations. Legal personhood has never been a self-evident classification that applies only to living human beings. In fact, one’s status as a human being is neither necessary nor sufficient to be a person in the eyes of the law. Non-human organizational entities are treated as legal persons for some purposes, while human beings like infants and mentally impaired individuals are not regarded as full-fledged legal persons for other purposes.” (2)

Now that we have established a corporation is a legal person, let us examine how a real biological person and a legal person in the form of a corporation, are treated under the law.

A serial thief in Singapore, when apprehended is liable to serve up to three years in prison or a fine or both. (3) But that may vary, according to jurisdiction and the severity of the crime, like this example :

Man who spent 36 years in prison for stealing $50 from a bakery is now set to be freed - ABC News (go.com)

What about a corporation? What is the punishment when this person commits an offence? Let’s look at the branded corporations. The ones we are familiar with, or perhaps addicted to. Some of whom are on the list of Fortune Magazine’s “most admired” companies. (4) This list is not exhaustive :

Exxon Mobil ordered to pay $14.25M penalty in pollution case - ABC News (go.com)

Exxon Mobil: Corporate Rap Sheet | Corporate Research Project (corp-research.org)

Royal Dutch Shell | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

The five most-fined companies in US oil and gas history (offshore-technology.com)

SIA, 10 other airlines hit with S$1.2 billion fine by EU regulators for taking part in cargo cartel, Europe News & Top Stories - The Straits Times

Singapore Airlines Cargo Pte Ltd. Agrees to Plead Guilty to Price Fixing on Air Cargo Shipments | OPA | Department of Justice

Singapore Airlines cops $4.1M fine in latest air cargo cartel settlement | NBR

Pfizer fined $2.3 billion for illegal marketing in off-label drug case - ABC News (go.com)

Pfizer | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

Supreme Court rejects Johnson & Johnson's appeal of $2 billion baby powder penalty (cnbc.com)

Johnson & Johnson | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

Merck Fined $950 Million Over Painkiller Marketing | IndustryWeek

Merck | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

Taiwan regulator imposes biggest ever domestic fine on leading bank (internationalinvestment.net)

Citigroup | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

HSBC moved vast sums of dirty money after paying record laundering fine - ICIJ

HSBC | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

Netflix documentary re-examines HSBC’s $881 million money-laundering scandal - MarketWatch

JPMorgan Chase & Co. Agrees To Pay $920 Million in Connection with Schemes to Defraud Precious Metals and U.S. Treasuries Markets | OPA | Department of Justice

JPMorgan Chase | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

Boeing Charged with 737 Max Fraud Conspiracy and Agrees to Pay over $2.5 Billion | OPA | Department of Justice

Boeing | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

Boeing and Dow Chemical fined 926 million dollars (france24.com)

Airbus to Pay $4 Billion to Settle Corruption Inquiry - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

Yahoo Fined $50M Over Personal Data Breach | PYMNTS.com

Google’s European fine is a flashback to Microsoft’s ugly antitrust battle - The Verge

Google fined $592 million in dispute with French publishers (apnews.com)

FTC Imposes $5 Billion Penalty and Sweeping New Privacy Restrictions on Facebook | Federal Trade Commission

Facebook's WhatsApp Fined for Breaking E.U. Data Privacy Law - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

Twitter fined $546,000 in December 2020 by European Data Protection Authority for 2019 Breach Notification Violations | Robinson+Cole Data Privacy + Security Insider - JDSupra

Why General Motors’ $900 million fine for a deadly defect is just a slap on the wrist - The Washington Post

China fines Toyota 87.6 million yuan over Lexus price-fixing | Reuters

IBM to pay $24.25M in FCC probe fines | WRAL TechWire

Apple fined $1.2 billion by French competition authorities (cnbc.com)

Apple fined for slowing down old iPhones - BBC News

Samsung Fined $47 Million for Price Fixing in Netherlands | Investing News | US News

Dell fined $100m for accounting fraud that misled investors (computerweekly.com)

Sony slugged with $3.5 million fine over video game refund failures (smh.com.au)

General Electric agrees to pay $200 million SEC fine for misleading investors (cnbc.com)

Johns Hopkins, Bristol-Myers must face $1 billion syphilis infections suit | Reuters

McKinsey Settles for Nearly $600 Million Over Role in Opioid Crisis - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

France fines Roche, Novartis 444 million euros in ongoing eye drug clash | Reuters

Goldman to pay Malaysia $3.9 billion over 1MBD scandal, U.S. settlement seen close | Reuters

Goldman Sachs | Violation Tracker (goodjobsfirst.org)

If this is what it means for some to be on Fortune’s most admired list, one is left to wonder about those who did not make its list. 

Conclusion

Clearly, a corporation does not go to jail and neither does it face capital punishment. It generally gets a fine and move on. Some are serial offenders. Still no jail time or firing squad. That’s reserved for us, the peasants. 

Moral of the story : BE A CORPORATION. It has power. We the people do not.

Until we make the corporate executives and directors personally accountable and liable for the corporation’s offences, they will always be an untouchable class and caste above and beyond us.

Finally, a Quiz : Which is the oldest, continuous and living legal person in the world?

Gee. I dunno. But maybe we should ask the Pope?

Sources/References

1. d’Errico, Peter. Corporate Personality and Human Commodification. University of Massachusetts. 1996/1997.

Corporate person and Human Commodification (umass.edu)

2. Ripken, Susanna Kim. Corporate Personhood. Cambridge University Press. 2019

Corporate Personhood (cambridge.org)

3. Serial Thief Arrested (police.gov.sg)

4. World’s Most Admired Companies | Fortune

[runiround]

用十年營造動無礙環境 姜義村談身心障礙者運動

「『愛運動‧動無礙』顧名思義就是大家都是愛運動的人，但是後面的『動無礙』就比較難做到，因為我們很喜歡運動，但運動過程中會遇到一些阻礙。希望透過這個口號，告訴大家我們愛運動，希望大家幫助身心障礙者能『動無礙』。」姜義村教授表示。前身是跆拳道選手、國家級教練的姜義村，大學畢業後放棄獸醫優渥出路，考上研究所投身教育事業。現職是國立臺灣師範大學特殊教育系教授兼系主任。

2020年帶領身心障礙者及攜手���官學界人士，組成十隊接力隊伍參加了台東 LEXUS IRONMAN 70.3 Taiwan 的姜義村，前身是跆拳道運動員的姜老師不只是熱愛運動，並長期關注於休閒教育/治療、生命教育、身心障礙休閒、適應體育等。對他來說，這一次帶領身心障礙夥伴們完成鐵人賽事，除了擔心更是開心。

姜義村教授(右三) 照片來源：雄麒跆拳道館

常人看不見的超障礙空間

「我們很常看到『無障礙空間』，」姜義村表示：「事實上很多運動場所對身心障礙者來說是『超障礙』，充滿各式各樣的阻礙，例如說前往該地的交通不便、或者是入場館的報名、相關資訊不足，更不用談很多的賽事並不利於視障者報名，譬如有些比賽需要上階梯下階梯，那輪椅組的就沒辦法報了。」

對身心障礙者來說，有些軟體與硬體的設置是不夠細緻的，致使許多身心障礙者即使有意願嘗試運動，也往往受限於現實的環境。姜義村本身協助轉播過東京馬拉松賽，對輪椅組選手印象深刻：「那你就會知道，這個賽道是輪椅可以完成的。所以希望賽會在規劃賽事時，知道身心障礙者是愛運動的，那麼可不可以讓我們動無礙。」

自痛苦淬鍊 初嘗鐵人賽事

在此次隊伍的選手中，許多選手非屬耐力運動項目，但為何把目標放在鐵人運動上，姜義村有自己的見解與想法：「我希望讓身心障礙者接觸主流且大眾的運動。目前台灣主流的運動是路跑，一年有上千場的路跑賽事。此外，台灣是個親水的國家，我們有泳渡日月潭、搶灘料羅灣還有泳渡澎湖灣。第三個是單車，我們有很好的單車品牌美利達、捷安特，每年也有數十場單車賽事武嶺、一日北高…。如果這上千場賽事都能對身心障礙者友善，那代表我們很多身心障礙者可以隨時隨地參加比賽。」

左起：姜義村、肢障游泳國手張維捷、前體育署署長高俊雄

「我們滿貪心的，希望能三個願望一次滿足，所以我們就選了鐵人。」姜義村說道：「重點不是讓��們參加奧運距離、競賽型比賽，而是讓他們參與民間主流賽事，那IRONMAN鐵人賽就是���鎖定的。未來進可攻退可守，退的話就是在國內自己玩，進的話就是去國外比賽。」鐵人賽有半程、全程馬拉松距離。游泳距離夠長，而且又是開放水域，那未來選手們也可以挑戰泳渡活動。

透過參加鐵人賽，讓一般民眾跟主辦單位認識到身心障礙者的能力與強悍，那麼未來一些五公里、十公里的賽事，自然就不會拒絕身心障礙者的參與。「我們連辛苦的鐵人賽都能完成了，你怎麼能拒絕我們呢？」姜義村說明：「我是有點刻意逆向操作，先找難度最高的，等大家完賽之後，後來就能接受更多比賽。」

儘管從事特殊教育多年，實際率領身心障礙者參賽仍有不同的感動。「我自己在這次有一個很深刻的體驗，」姜義村說道：「我發現身心障礙者，他們每天都在面對日常生活上的挫折、不如意，所以當我帶他們去比賽，可能一些安排不好或是很累的事情時，他們都覺得還好，怡然自得。」不同於一般人面對突發狀況時的負面反饋，屢經挫折的身心障礙者反而很自在。如同跑步常會說的『乳酸閾值』，身心障礙者在忍受挫折、負面情緒的閾值很高。

難以想像的壓力 從貪心變成擔心

雖然貪心地選擇了鐵人三項運動，但姜義村卻表示過程的壓力非常大，甚至在比賽前一晚夜不得眠。「雖然我們是以接力方式完成，但總歸來講，它是開放水域，那不是開玩笑的。還有單車，因為距離騎很遠，所以看不到、顧不到。跑步21公里對一般人都不容易了，何況是身心障礙者，很擔心選手會不會跑到橫紋肌溶解。」他笑說：「我隔天早上還問選手：『你尿尿是甚麼顏色？』『有沒有發燒』。」選手參賽受傷，這是此賽參加鐵人競賽最大的擔憂。

早在參賽之前，本身是國家級運動教練、也是運動選手出身的姜義村在組隊時就逐一對有意願參加者進行評估：「我會去跟他們的老師要相關的運動表現成績，也會去看運動員在他們專業上的表現，推估有沒有能力完賽。」這次組隊的選手條件包含擁有不服輸的個性、有耐力運動經驗以及樂於參與運動。「在這次鐵人賽之後，很多人已經開始準備後面的大鵬灣鐵人賽。有人開始游泳，也有人開始學游泳。」

此外，還需要擔心的則是公眾輿論的壓力。對身心障礙者來說，不可預測的危險是很大的變數。一旦有身心障礙者受傷，撞車甚麼的，一當新聞媒體曝光之後，社會輿論會怎麼看待身心障礙者。「當公眾你一句我一句，就有可能會形成錯誤的共識。」會否從此認定身心障礙者不應該參加運動賽事？反之，如果社會共識將身心障礙者運動視為理所當然，自然就沒有這層壓力。

「事後回頭去看，這一切都是成功，也是值得的。」姜義村笑說：「很多選手都在問甚麼時候還要一起練習，詢問未來還有沒有比賽。」甚至有身心障礙者揪老師一塊報名路跑賽。

追求一個合理的環境

營造一個『動無礙』的環境，姜義村表示至少是十年的時間。十年期間，他希望最後的目標是���選手去夏威夷參加KONA。「一個文化要改變需要時間，」他說：「如果很多人一起推，大家也都支持的話，或許十年之後，你可以看到所有運動賽會都是友善的，不會問你說是不是視障、是不是聽障、需不需要易讀的網頁。」

身心障礙者需要的是被認同，而不是被同情。打破過去『超障礙空間』，身心障礙者也有合理的挑戰，享受運動樂趣的機會。依照不同障礙情形及障礙程度，提供合宜的調整、輔助，任何運動身障者都能嘗試看看，沒有不能做的。一當身心障礙者前往運動毫無阻礙，那麼就能從運動中發覺熱愛與感受自我的價值。讓身心障礙者參與運動有多元的選擇，營造「愛運動‧動無礙」的優質運動環境。

「愛運動 動無礙」Together we move

[shradhaattumb]

Global Luxury Vehicles Market Updates, News and Data 2020

Summary

A new market study, titled “Global Luxury Vehicles Market Research Report 2020” has been featured on WiseGuyReports.

Global Luxury Vehicles Market: Drivers and Restrains The research report has incorporated the analysis of different factors that augment the market’s growth. It constitutes trends, restraints, and drivers that transform the market in either a positive or negative manner. This section also provides the scope of different segments and applications that can potentially influence the market in the future. The detailed information is based on current trends and historic milestones. This section also provides an analysis of the volume of production about the global market and also about each type from 2015 to 2026. This section mentions the volume of production by region from 2015 to 2026. Pricing analysis is included in the report according to each type from the year 2015 to 2026, manufacturer from 2015 to 2020, region from 2015 to 2020, and global price from 2015 to 2026. A thorough evaluation of the restrains included in the report portrays the contrast to drivers and gives room for strategic planning. Factors that overshadow the market growth are pivotal as they can be understood to devise different bends for getting hold of the lucrative opportunities that are present in the ever-growing market. Additionally, insights into market expert’s opinions have been taken to understand the market better. Market Segment Analysis The research report includes specific segments by Type and by Application. Each type provides information about the production during the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. Application segment also provides consumption during the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. Understanding the segments helps in identifying the importance of different factors that aid the market growth. Segment by Type Compact Car Mid-size Car Full-size Car Larger Car SUV/Crossover Super Sport Car

Segment by Application Financing/Loan Cash Payment Leasing

ALSO READ:  https://www.openpr.com/news/2112619/global-luxury-vehicles-market-2020-key-vendors-trends

Global Luxury Vehicles Market: Regional Analysis The report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the Luxury Vehicles market in important regions, including the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Brazil, etc. Key regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The report has been curated after observing and studying various factors that determine regional growth such as economic, environmental, social, technological, and political status of the particular region. Analysts have studied the data of revenue, production, and manufacturers of each region. This section analyses region-wise revenue and volume for the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. These analyses will help the reader to understand the potential worth of investment in a particular region. Global Luxury Vehicles Market: Competitive Landscape This section of the report identifies various key manufacturers of the market. It helps the reader understand the strategies and collaborations that players are focusing on combat competition in the market. The comprehensive report provides a significant microscopic look at the market. The reader can identify the footprints of the manufacturers by knowing about the global revenue of manufacturers, the global price of manufacturers, and production by manufacturers during the forecast period of 2015 to 2019. The major players in the market include Mercedes Benz, BMW, Audi, Lexus, Volvo, Land Rover, MINI, Cadillac, Porsche, Infiniti, Acura, Jaguar, Smart, Lincoln, Tesla, Maserati, Bentley, Ferrari, Rolls-Royce, Lamborghini, McLaren, Aston Martin, etc.

FOR MORE DETAILS – https://www.wiseguyreports.com/reports/4787810-global-luxury-vehicles-market-research-report-2020

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