#la Senyera

[cosmonautroger]

René Gruau, La Senyera

[negreabsolut]

Alfons el Magnànim en campanya al regne de Nàpols.

[12endigital]

La Procesión Cívica llena las calles para acompañar a la Senyera, que vuelve a entrar en la Catedral después de 8 años de Ribó

La tradicional Procesión Cívica ha recorrido el centro de València este lunes 9 d’Octubre, Día de la Comunitat Valenciana, en una jornada festiva y de reivindicación. La marcha ha recuperado la entrada en la Catedral para participar en el Te Deum, ocho años después de la última vez, acto en el que no han participado los grupos municipales de Compromís y PSPV. La alcaldesa de València, María José…

[balkanparamo]

La Senyera: Rene Gruau

[wosona]

La senyera 🥰🫶🏼

she is just something else in that kit, the aura is off the charts 💫💫💫

[didalexiabreakupwitholgayet]

Hi! I love your insights into clubs and club culture, and I had a question I've been wondering for some time!

You know how Arsenal and England (and so many other teams that I don't really feel like listing) often wear a rainbow captain's armband? Do you know if Barça or Spain have ever worn one? Because I can't remember any time where this has happened.

Follow up question, do you know if there's a particular reason why they don't wear them?

Hopefully this isn't a weird question! 🫶

hi anon, thank you! not a weird question at all. so in 2022, spain announced that they would be wearing the rainbow armbands for the nt and even did a photoshoot with the captains wearing them. (rfef has been weird about this before and has tried to ban commemorative armbands before but this was allowed.)

and during the 2022 euros campaign, irene did indeed wear the rainbow armband on multiple occasions. (fifa caused a stink for 2023 wwc for all the teams, so we had a variety of other armbands then)

now barcelona almost always has its captain in the classic "senyera" flag armband, which reps the catalan flag. but they'll support in other ways, like flags around camp nou, etc. (la liga teams had an opportunity to wear rainbow armbands back in 2016 for an anti-homophobia campaign but only a few participated and can't confirm if barça did...)

[dalermessi]

On August 6th, 1936, Josep Sunyol made a mistake that cost him his life. The Republican president of FC Barcelona, a proud Catalan, was executed by Nationalist forces in the midst of the Spanish Civil War, after saluting troops he mistakenly identified as part of the Republican resistance by yelling, “Viva la República,” (Camino, 2014). The assassination of Sunyol symbolized the beginning of an oppressive era where regional cultures were restrained in Spain, particularly the autonomous community of Catalonia. The most publicly admired and respected representation of Catalanism, Futbol Club Barcelona, colloquially known as Barça, faced countless hardships during the fascist dictatorship of Francisco Franco from 1939 to 1975. The club rapidly became one of the only ways the Catalan people could freely express themselves and fight against Franco, especially by playing the team that became the face of the regime, Real Madrid. In the present day, Barça continues to symbolize hope and freedom for Catalonians. Amid the rise of Francoist Spain in the mid-1900s, escalating tensions between Catalan club FC Barcelona and centralist Real Madrid transformed their rivalry into a political product representing the struggles of the Catalan people, illustrating how football transcends the limits of sport to reach social and political issues, particularly through the ambience of stadiums.

Throughout Spain, football stadiums became an essential place of solace for oppressed fans, where they were free to speak out on the issues that plagued their lives. People could openly express their identities in the stands, as matches between teams of different regions often represented a conflict larger than the game itself. One example of Catalonians using football for this purpose dates back to the pre-Franco era, when “the Spanish national anthem was played to a chorus of boos before a match at Les Corts, FC Barcelona’s stadium in 1925” (O’Brien, 2013). Even prior to Catalonians being officially repressed under Franco, it was clear that they valued their regional identity more strongly than their national one.

As the dictatorship grew stronger, regional teams like FC Barcelona faced the brunt of the nationalist policies. In promoting a unified Spain, the regime heavily cracked down on aspects of localized culture. The Catalan language, in all forms, was banned in public, and only Castilian Spanish was permitted (Shobe, 2008). An order passed in 1941 required that the Catalan name of “Futbol Club Barcelona” be renamed to the Spanish “Club de Fútbol de Barcelona” (Kassimeris, 2012). The Catalan senyera flag was also banned, and so the senyera in FC Barcelona’s coat of arms was replaced with the newly created flag representing the fascist state (Shobe 2008). Under the severe Castilization of their environment, the people of Catalonia were being stripped of their identities right in front of their eyes. With essentially no power, the Catalan people “threw their cultural pride into Barça. At a Barça match, people could shout in Catalan and sing traditional songs when they could do it nowhere else” (Shobe, 2008). Inside the stadium was where it was openly acceptable to oppose the restrictions of the regime and where liberation felt most realistic.

On the other side of the country, Real Madrid was thriving as the favorite club of the regime. Franco believed the Spanish national team was not gaining enough traction internationally, as they did not qualify for the World Cup multiple times in a row and performed poorly the years they did. Fortunately for him, “the image of the Spanish national team was blurred by the prevalence and success of Real Madrid in European Football from 1956,” effectively thrusting the club into the international spotlight (Goig, 2007). Real Madrid won five consecutive European Cups from 1956 to 1960, and their recognition both in and out of Spain surged with each victory (Quiroga, 2015). The relationship between the team and the regime was undoubtedly symbiotic. Real Madrid portrayed a positive image of the dictatorship to international audiences, while Franco gave them his full-fledged support and funds. In the 1960s, as television ownership grew across the country, Real Madrid was the most broadcasted team (O’Brien, 2013). The increased public exposure to the club acted as justification for the actions of the fascist regime, because people started paying more attention to football than to the government. Supporters of Real Madrid, known as madridistas, had no idea what was happening politically behind closed doors, nor did they seem to care.

The matches between FC Barcelona and Real Madrid, termed el clásico, were expectedly controversial. Spanish media outlets moved quickly to polarize the two sides, with newly-created “Marca” pushing for Real Madrid and the dictatorship, while “El Mundo Deportivo” supported FC Barcelona and ultimately the oppressed people of Catalonia (O’Brien, 2013). The politicization of the sporting rivals is seen best in a famed clásico played in June 1943, the second leg of a knockout round in the Spanish Cup. FC Barcelona had won the first game 3-0 and were on track to advance to the next round, until police officials entered the Catalan locker room before the game. Flash forward a few hours, and Real Madrid won the game with a score of 11 to 1 (Shobe, 2008). The interference by the Francoist police no doubt played a significant role in Barça losing so severely. While it is not known what exactly was told to the Barcelona players in the locker room, it can be inferred that they were threatened to purposefully lose the game, otherwise, they could lose their lives.

As the dictator fell ill, FC Barcelona worked to reverse the impacts of his policies and reclaim their Catalan identity. During the 1973-1974 season, they shed the Spanish name of “Club de Fútbol de Barcelona” and went back to the Catalan version it currently holds (Shobe, 2008). Additionally, in 1975, the club switched the official language back to Catalan, thus once again proudly representing the people of Catalonia (Quiroga, 2015). After Franco’s death, the effects of the regime collapsing were felt immediately in stadiums across the country. One clásico played just a month after Franco’s death in 1975 experienced the largest public emergence of senyera flags since the Civil War, and in Basque Country, a similarly tyrannized region of Spain, a game between two local teams “witnessed the spectacle of both captains carrying the Basque flag on to the pitch before the game” in early 1976 (O’Brien, 2013). Events that would have been inconceivable just months earlier were now reality, as stadiums reflected the transition back to a more accepting nation.

These bold representations of cultural unity at football games did not cease in the years after Franco. In fact, they have grown stronger in the 21st century. In the 2009 Spanish Cup final between Basque side Athletic Club de Bilbao and FC Barcelona, the crowd vehemently booed King Juan Carlos I and the Spanish national anthem before kickoff (Ortega, 2015). Decades later, supporters have not forgotten the unjust treatment they were put through and are still vocal about it during matches. A fan of Celta de Vigo, situated in once-repressed Galicia, proclaimed that “On going to a match we never forget Galician prisoners, repression, the secular subjection of Galicia... Spain limits the ways in which we can fight, so football is a way of voicing our demands” (Spaaij & Viñas, 2013). While fans of teams in marginalized regions use every opportunity they can to bring light to the maltreatment and discrimination of their pasts, for the most part, Real Madrid supporters do not follow the same path. In 2010, when Real Madrid beat FC Barcelona 1-0 in the Spanish Cup final, a large group of madridistas gathered in downtown Madrid, carrying Spanish flags while cheering “I’m a Spaniard, Spaniard, Spaniard” (Ortega, 2015). It is incredibly telling that in choosing to reaffirm their national identity rather than regional, madridistas see themselves as representing the entire country. As Franco’s Spanish Nationalist movement saw its triumph over Republican forces as a victory for Spain, madridistas still see a Real Madrid victory over a formerly oppressed team as a win for the whole nation.

In 2017, Catalonia became the forefront of global news as violence broke out amidst an independence referendum. On October 1st, the autonomous community conducted a vote regarding whether Catalonia should declare independence from the Kingdom of Spain, and the regional government announced that out of 2.25 million votes, about 90% were in favor of separating (Dewan, Clarke, & Cotovio, 2017). Unfortunately, the vote was heavily obstructed by the Madrid government. National forces were sent in from the capital, “fir[ing] rubber bullets at protesters and voters trying to take part in the referendum, and us[ing] batons to beat them back,” injuring around 900 people (Dewan et al., 2017). Predictably, FC Barcelona is often utilized to discuss and promote Catalonian independence, such as in 2010 when a banner declaring that “Catalonia is not Spain” was displayed during a game against English club Arsenal (O’Brien, 2013). When the central government began plans to thwart voting earlier in September of 2017, Barça decided to speak out. The club released a statement on Twitter, expressing that “FC Barcelona...remain[s] faithful to its historic commitment to the defense of the nation, to democracy, to freedom of speech, and to self-determination...FC Barcelona...will continue to support the will of the majority of Catalan people” (FC Barcelona, 2017). In openly showing support towards Catalan citizens’ voting rights and the independence referendum, Barça effectively bridges the gap between sports and politics. This is a two-way street: FC Barcelona stands up for their adherents, just as fans turn to the club to escape injustice time and time again. Coincidentally, Barça had a game scheduled the same day as the vote, which was played behind closed doors in order to eliminate the possibility of violence erupting in the crowd. The opposing team, Las Palmas, wore “special uniforms emblazoned with the Spanish flag,” something very out of the ordinary (Minder & Barry, 2017). Such a display could not tell a more pointed message.

The Franco dictatorship shaped the future of Spanish football forever, with Real Madrid and FC Barcelona at the forefront of the action. Real Madrid’s consistent success found them gaining the trust of the regime, which showcased the club’s victories as a positive interpretation of the fascist dictatorship itself. The desire of a unified, homogeneous Spanish state fueled regional tension, especially in Catalonia. Despite having their language and flag taken away, the Catalan people sought comfort in the stadium of FC Barcelona, where they could freely sing and speak and cheer for their team. In the decades after Franco, FC Barcelona has captivated audiences across Spain and the globe, cementing the club’s status as the most powerful cultural institution of Catalonia. “When the team took the field against FC Valencia in February 2012, nine players from the starting 11 emerged from the club’s Cantera System” (O’Brien, 2013), illustrating the importance Barça places on homegrown players. By providing unmatched talent bred exclusively in the club’s own youth academy, FC Barcelona is ensuring that they are conveying the best image of Catalanism to the rest of the world. As the Catalan struggle for independence continues, Barça was, is, and will continue to be a significant characteristic of the identities of millions of Catalonians. FC Barcelona represented hope in a time where its people needed it the most, and it is still the most influential institution in Catalonia to this day. The club and region are inextricably intertwined, as best seen in the passionate cheer: “Visca el Barça i visca Catalunya” - long live FC Barcelona and long live Catalonia.

References

Camino, M. (2014). ‘Red Fury’: Historical memory and Spanish football. Memory Studies,7(4), 500-512. doi:10.1177/1750698014531594

Dewan, A., Clarke, H., & Cotovio, V. (2017, October 02). Catalonia referendum: What just happened? CNN. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/02/europe/catalonia- independence-referendum-explainer/index.html

Goig, R. L. (2007). Identity, nation‐state and football in Spain. the evolution of nationalist feelings in Spanish Football. Soccer & Society,9(1), 56-63. doi:10.1080/14660970701616738

FC Barcelona, @FCBarcelona. (20 September, 2017). Communique - Attached Image. [Twitter post]. Retrived from https://twitter.com/FCBarcelona/status/910462298908708864

Kassimeris, C. (2012). Franco, the popular game and ethnocentric conduct in modern Spanish football. Soccer & Society,13(4), 555-569. doi:10.1080/14660970.2012.677228

Minder, R., & Barry, E. (2017, October 01). Catalonia's Independence Vote Descends Into Chaos and Clashes. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/01/ world/europe/catalonia-independence-referendum.html

O’Brien, J. (2013). ‘El Clasico’ and the demise of tradition in Spanish club football: Perspectives on shifting patterns of cultural identity. Ethnicity and Race in Association Football, 25-40. doi:10.4324/9781315094304-3

Ortega, V. R. (2015). Soccer, nationalism and the media in contemporary Spanish society: La Roja, Real Madrid & FC Barcelona. Soccer & Society,17(4), 628-643. doi:10.1080/14660970.2015.1067793

Quiroga, A. (2015). Spanish Fury: Football and National Identities under Franco. European History Quarterly,45(3), 506-529. doi:10.1177/0265691415587686

Shobe, H. (2008). Place, identity and football: Catalonia, Catalanisme and Football Club Barcelona, 1899–1975. National Identities, 10(3), 329-343. doi:10.1080/14608940802249965

Spaaij, R., & Viñas, C. (2013). Political ideology and activism in football fan culture in Spain: A view from the far left. Soccer & Society, 14(2), 183-200. doi:10.1080/14660970.2013.776467

[disvain]

virgin "leftist" sant jordi poster with no catalan flags (la Senyera) vs chad catalanist Geronimo Stilton cover book

furries stay winning yet again

[useless-catalanfacts]

This is the world’s oldest national flag still in use: the Pennon of the Conquest (Penó de la conquesta), raised by the Moorish of València on the 28th of September 1238 when they surrendered to the troops of Catalonia-Aragon, led by the king James I.

The flag is 2 meters long and is made of a white cloth that time has turned yellowish, with four red bars painted over it. The Moorish troops made the flag of the conquering army (the emblem of the House of Barcelona) to show that they were surrendering, and waved the flag from the Alī-Bufāt tower (nowadays called Temple Tower), in the Medieval Islamic city walls of València.

ID: Wall paintings in the Castle of Alcañiz (Aragon) that represents the king James I the Conqueror (Jaume I el Conqueridor) approaching València, with senyera flags on the city wall’s towers.

The king talked about this event in his chronicle Llibre dels Feyts: “We sent to tell the king Abulhamalet, so that the Christians would know that València was ours, and for them to not injure anyone, to hang our flag from the tower now called of the Temple; and they said they agreed. And we went to the riverbed, between the gardens and the tower; and when we saw our flag upon the tower, we dismounted from our horse, and heading eastwards we cried from our eyes and kissed the earth for the great mercy God had made to us.”

This pennon was considered a relic and James I ordered to keep it in the church of Saint Vincent’s hospital, where it remained until the 19th century. Nowadays, it’s kept in València’s City Historical Archive (Arxiu Històric Municipal de València), in the City Hall.

The symbol represented in this flag (four red bars over a yellow background) has been the House of Barcelona’s flag since at least 1150, with origins dating even further back.

The flag of the House of Barcelona is still the flag of Catalonia, Aragon, the Valencian Country and the Balearic Islands nowadays (all the areas that in the Middle Ages were part of the confederacy of Catalonia and Aragon).

Source: La stoffa delle nazioni by Bruno Cianci, Vilaweb.

[portugfobia]

Los 8 datos que explican porqué el reino de Cataluña nunca existió (y los nacionalistas ocultan)

CATALUÑA NUNCA EXISTIÓ

En la idea de construir una ‘nación catalana‘, la formación de la Corona de Aragón deja en evidencia el relato de una nación catalana milenaria (o la corona catalanoaragonesa) por haber sido siempre fruto del destino de los reyes aragoneses. Y nunca tuvieron un carácter independiente en sus designios políticos.

Las órbitas independentistas siempre han intentado tergiversar la historia de la Corona de Aragón con hechos puestos en duda o con un gasto millonario en subvencionar a asociaciones que difundan las manipulaciones de los intereses políticos del nacionalismo. En concreto, hay 8 datos que el independentismo intenta derribar para formar su idea nacionalista pero que explican porqué el reino de Cataluña nunca existió.

Aragón será el «cabo principal de nuestra alteza» y «nombre y título nuestro principal», en palabras de Jaime I y de Pedro IV: los Aragón y los miembros de su familia se denominan de modo constante y único «Aragón».

SEÑERA

Con la constitución de Reino de Aragón tras incorporarse la casa de Barcelona, en ningún momento se pierde el emblema de la familia: las cuatro barras rojas sobre un fondo de oro que significa el ‘señal real de Aragón’. Un emblema que pasará a ser el de muchos de sus territorios. Es de la frase ‘señal real de Aragón’ de donde procede el término «senyera» o señera usado en Cataluña, Valencia y otros lugares de la antigua Corona de Aragón.

¿SANT JORDI O SAN JORGE?

Fue en la ciudad de Calatayud en 1461 donde, por orden de Juan II, se celebran las Cortes de Aragón que establecen la festividad del día de San Jorge el 23 de abril. Según consta en el diario de sesiones, será un día «inviolablemente, perpetua, guardada, observada y celebrada solemnemente» en todo el Reino de Aragón. Lo que incluye los territorios que de éste dependen, como Cataluña.

ESCUDO DE ARAGÓN

El escudo de Aragón, tal y como se conoce actualmente, se configuró en 1499. Está formado por cuatro emblemas o cuarteles: el Árbol de Sobrarbe, la Cruz de Íñigo Arista, la Cruz de Alcoraz y, por último, los cuatro palos gules de las barras de Aragón iguales entre sí. Una corona colocada en la parte superior del espacio que ocupan los cuatro emblemas mismos completa así la insignia del escudo de Aragón.

Las Barras de Aragón (cuarto cuartel) son un símbolo común a otras regiones como Cataluña, Baleares o Comunidad Valenciana.

PRÍNCIPE DE GERONA

El 21 de enero de 1351, Pedro IV creó el ducado de Gerona para afianzar la posición del heredero de la Corona aragonesa. Con las rentas de este ducado, se dotaba al recién nacido -su hijo Juan I- y automáticamente al príncipe heredero como garantía del estatus que le correspondía por nacimiento y lo situaba al frente de la jerarquía nobiliaria por encima de marqueses y condes.

DE CONDADO A SER PARTE DEL REINO

El matrimonio de Petronila, la hija del rey aragonés Ramiro II “el Monje”, con el duque Ramón Berenguer supuso la unión dinástica de los condados carolingios de Aragón, Sobrarbe y Ribagorza con la casa de Barcelona. De ahí fue cuando en 1035 se constituye el Reino de Aragón. Y en 1150 se termina convirtiendo en la Corona de Aragón.

ARAGONÉS

El termino aragonés siempre sirvió para designar a los naturales del Reino de Aragón o a los naturales de cualquiera de los reinos o principados comprendidos dentro de la Corona de Aragón. Incluido también a aquellos que vivían en el condado de Barcelona o en los Reinos de Valencia o Mallorca.

El término aragonés estuvo presente durante más de 300 años en todo el mar Mediterráneo. Por ejemplo, cuando se avistaba un navío con la señal de Aragón o los documentos de la época que servían de crónicas del reino.

NOMBRES REALES

Los nombres dinásticos característicos de la Casa de Aragón son Pedro -cinco reyes- y Alfonso -con otros cinco monarcas-. Ramiro II llamó Petronila (femenino de Pedro) a su hija y heredera, que se desposó con Ramón Berenguer (conde de Barcelona), de cuyo matrimonio nació el rey Alfonso II, en recuerdo de Alfonso I el Batallador.

Los reyes de Aragón no se llamaron Ramón, ni Berenguer, ni Pere, ni Jaume, ni nombres propios del Condado de Barcelona. Todos los nombres eran de origen aragonés.

Grupo La Tarántula 🕷️

[minglana]

still in the good place of the bad place (l'escut de la provincia te una senyera)

[negreabsolut]

La Senyera, la bandera de Catalunya, i una de les banderes nacionals més antigues d'Europa.

[peligrosapop]

we are wearing last season’s Senyera tonight?! LOL this club

¿Vamos a usar la senyera de la temporada pasada hoy?! Este club jajaajja

[giaima61]

El Barça jugará hoy contra los pajarracos con la senyera. A por La Liga! Barça will play today against the birds with the Senyera. To by La Liga! Pedri, De Jonh and Gavi, lindos bad-boys!

[palaugranetes]

Anamari completing 100 match while wearing la Senyera.. Catalanisme 💛❤️

[uniquetyphoonmiracle]

Por cierto..lo que es realmente penoso no es que la gente pague un dineral para ver a SPRINGSTEEN [al que por cierto..pocos entenderán lo que quiere decir aunque sepan INGLES pues ya sabemos que la canciones de tener SENTIDO O RAZON lo tienen como un ENIGMA pues por ejemplo la gente cree que BORN IN THE USA es un himno Patriotico y es justo lo contrario] o quien sea..no es que se pase mucho tiempo haciendo fotos como yo [sobre todo al público o el recinto] sino que este continuamente yendo a la barra [o comprando MERCHANDAISING]..p.e. en el del VETERAN MEMORIAL ARENA de la gira MAGIC [15_8_08]..fui en sus mas de 3 horas a por 6 cubatas tranquilamente cosa que me pareció genial tras verlo en el incómodo BERNABEU donde es imposible salir de tu asiento..aunque lo mejor fue hablar con 2 catalanas que iban con su SENYERA y a las que saludo SPRINGSTEEN..luego continue la fiesta..y me dijeron 2 cuarentonas YANKEES que mi BOLSITO CHAMPION era de GAY y las dije que me podía hacer un DUPLEX con las 2..luego conocí a una camarera MARY "KATHRYN" [HURACAN que sumergió NEW ORLEANS] de 26 años con un hijo y soltera que quería ir al VATIKANO...después in taxista me llevo a un local de solo NEGROS donde sus novias me hacían bailecitos por 10$ ..y me llamaron un taxi para volver pero como no venia y eran 6 AM me puse el IPOD que me envió mi padre de CUBA al psikiatriko LOPEZ IBOR y fui caminando guiándome por los RASCACIELOS para ir a mi hotel HYATT junto a rivera del río ST JOHN donde estaba el jurado de AMERICAN IDOL [hicieron una selección por la mañana en el VETERAN MEMORIAL ARENA] y los DEL_FIN_ES de MIAMI a los que vi jugar contra JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS ese 16 agosto 2008 [50 cumple de MADONNA y de TIM FARRISS DE INXS que me dio su pua, se puso camiseta de JESUS y en cuyo 20 cumple dieron 1er concierto] empezando con un 0_13 a favor de los delfines cuyo estadio entonces era SUNLIFE donde fotografie un mitshubisi ECLIPSE junto a su BUS y actual HARD ROCK que visite este 2024 con un Dodge DURANGO=MAS ALLA DEL AGUA...cuya central AMEN_CARS en España está en la azotada LORCA y su sucursal en Madrid anexa donde tenía mi padre su empresa en Avda de la INDUSTRIA 8 [Alcobendas=hermanas CRUZ] trasladada a calle MARIE CURIE junto a CC H20 en RIVAS FUTURA donde grababa Virginia maestro en ESTUDIOS B