#kuo l e n

[masokistimielipuoli]

voisin oikeesti tehä mitä vaan atm et saisin vesimelonin, kauhee vesimelonihimo!! 😭🍉💔

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 36, 2023

Optimization of energy and time predicts dynamic speeds for human walking. Carlisle, R. E., & Kuo, A. D. (2023). eLife, 12, e81939.

Learning critically drives parkinsonian motor deficits through imbalanced striatal pathway recruitment. Cheung, T. H. C., Ding, Y., Zhuang, X., & Kang, U. J. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(12), e2213093120.

A circuit mechanism linking past and future learning through shifts in perception. Crossley, M., Benjamin, P. R., Kemenes, G., Staras, K., & Kemenes, I. (2023). Science Advances, 9(12).

Critically synchronized brain waves form an effective, robust and flexible basis for human memory and learning. Galinsky, V. L., & Frank, L. R. (2023). Scientific Reports, 13, 4343.

Rapid learning of predictive maps with STDP and theta phase precession. George, T. M., de Cothi, W., Stachenfeld, K. L., & Barry, C. (2023). eLife, 12, e80663.

Asymmetric retinal direction tuning predicts optokinetic eye movements across stimulus conditions. Harris, S. C., & Dunn, F. A. (2023). eLife, 12, e81780.

Learning vs. minding: How subjective costs can mask motor learning. Healy, C. M., Berniker, M., & Ahmed, A. A. (2023). PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282693.

Comparing retinotopic maps of children and adults reveals a late-stage change in how V1 samples the visual field. Himmelberg, M. M., Tünçok, E., Gomez, J., Grill-Spector, K., Carrasco, M., & Winawer, J. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 1561.

Modulation of potassium conductances optimizes fidelity of auditory information. Kaczmarek, L. K. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(12), e2216440120.

Progressive neuronal plasticity in primate visual cortex during stimulus familiarization. Koyano, K. W., Esch, E. M., Hong, J. J., Waidmann, E. N., Wu, H., & Leopold, D. A. (2023). Science Advances, 9(12).

Sensory and Choice Responses in MT Distinct from Motion Encoding. Levi, A. J., Zhao, Y., Park, I. M., & Huk, A. C. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(12), 2090–2103.

Complexity of cortical wave patterns of the wake mouse cortex. Liang, Y., Liang, J., Song, C., Liu, M., Knöpfel, T., Gong, P., & Zhou, C. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 1434.

Enhanced Reactivation of Remapping Place Cells during Aversive Learning. Ormond, J., Serka, S. A., & Johansen, J. P. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(12), 2153–2167.

Human generalization of internal representations through prototype learning with goal-directed attention. Pettine, W. W., Raman, D. V., Redish, A. D., & Murray, J. D. (2023). Nature Human Behaviour, 7(3), 442–463.

On the role of inhibition in suppression-induced forgetting. van Schie, K., Fawcett, J. M., & Anderson, M. C. (2023). Scientific Reports, 13, 4242.

Interaction of dynamic error signals in saccade adaptation. Wagner, I., & Schütz, A. C. (2023). Journal of Neurophysiology, 129(3), 717–732.

Honey bees infer source location from the dances of returning foragers. Wang, Z., Chen, X., Becker, F., Greggers, U., Walter, S., Werner, M., … Menzel, R. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(12), e2213068120.

Resolving the associative learning paradox by category learning in pigeons. Wasserman, E. A., Kain, A. G., & O’Donoghue, E. M. (2023). Current Biology, 33(6), 1112-1116.e2.

Development of a measure of kindness. Youngs, D. E., Yaneva, M. A., & Canter, D. V. (2023). Current Psychology, 42(7), 5428–5440.

Recurrent network interactions explain tectal response variability and experience-dependent behavior. Zylbertal, A., & Bianco, I. H. (2023). eLife, 12, e78381.

[shookethdev]

a o e i i er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong i ia iao ie iu ian in iang ing iong u ua uo uai ui uan un uang ueng ü üe üan ün a o e er ai ao ou an en ang eng yi ya yao ye you yan yin yang ying yong wu wa wo wai wei wan wen wang weng yu yue yuan yun b ba bo bai bei bao ban ben bang beng bi biao bie bian bin bing bu p pa po pai pei pao pou pan pen pang peng pi piao pie pian pin ping pu m ma mo me mai mei mao mou man men mang meng mi miao mie miu mian min ming mu f fa fo fei fou fan fen fang feng fu d da de dai dei dao dou dan den dang deng dong di diao die diu dian ding du duo dui duan dun t ta te tai tei tao tou tan tang teng tong ti tiao tie tian ting tu tuo tui tuan tun n na ne nai nei nao nou nan nen nang neng nong ni niao nie niu nian nin niang ning nu nuo nuan nü nüe l la le lai lei lao lou lan lang leng long li lia liao lie liu lian lin liang ling lu luo luan lun lü lüe g ga ge gai gei gao gou gan gen gang geng gong gu gua guo guai gui guan gun guang k ka ke kai kei kao kou kan ken kang keng kong ku kua kuo kuai kui kuan kun kuang h ha he hai hei hao hou han hen hang heng hong hu hua huo huai hui huan hun huang z za ze zi zai zei zao zou zan zen zang zeng zong zu zuo zui zuan zun c ca ce ci cai cao cou can cen cang ceng cong cu cuo cui cuan cun s sa se si sai sao sou san sen sang seng song su suo sui suan sun zh zha zhe zhi zhai zhei zhao zhou zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang ch cha che chi chai chao chou chan chen chang cheng chong chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang sh sha she shi shai shei shao shou shan shen shang sheng shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang r re ri rao rou ran ren rang reng rong ru rua ruo rui ruan run j ji jia jiao jie jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong ju jue juan jun q qi qia qiao qie qiu qian qin qiang qing qiong qu que quan qun x xi xia xiao xie xiu xian xin xiang xing xiong xu xue xuan xun

NAKU 🫵

[eyenaku]

Ji ji fu ji ji

a o e i i er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong i ia iao ie iu ian in iang ing iong u ua uo uai ui uan un uang ueng ü üe üan ün a o e er ai ao ou an en ang eng yi ya yao ye you yan yin yang ying yong wu wa wo wai wei wan wen wang weng yu yue yuan yun b ba bo bai bei bao ban ben bang beng bi biao bie bian bin bing bu p pa po pai pei pao pou pan pen pang peng pi piao pie pian pin ping pu m ma mo me mai mei mao mou man men mang meng mi miao mie miu mian min ming mu f fa fo fei fou fan fen fang feng fu d da de dai dei dao dou dan den dang deng dong di diao die diu dian ding du duo dui duan dun t ta te tai tei tao tou tan tang teng tong ti tiao tie tian ting tu tuo tui tuan tun n na ne nai nei nao nou nan nen nang neng nong ni niao nie niu nian nin niang ning nu nuo nuan nü nüe l la le lai lei lao lou lan lang leng long li lia liao lie liu lian lin liang ling lu luo luan lun lü lüe g ga ge gai gei gao gou gan gen gang geng gong gu gua guo guai gui guan gun guang k ka ke kai kei kao kou kan ken kang keng kong ku kua kuo kuai kui kuan kun kuang h ha he hai hei hao hou han hen hang heng hong hu hua huo huai hui huan hun huang z za ze zi zai zei zao zou zan zen zang zeng zong zu zuo zui zuan zun c ca ce ci cai cao cou can cen cang ceng cong cu cuo cui cuan cun s sa se si sai sao sou san sen sang seng song su suo sui suan sun zh zha zhe zhi zhai zhei zhao zhou zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang ch cha che chi chai chao chou chan chen chang cheng chong chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang sh sha she shi shai shei shao shou shan shen shang sheng shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang r re ri rao rou ran ren rang reng rong ru rua ruo rui ruan run j ji jia jiao jie jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong ju jue juan jun q qi qia qiao qie qiu qian qin qiang qing qiong qu que quan qun x xi xia xiao xie xiu xian xin xiang xing xiong xu xue xuan xun

[postsofbabel]

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[raylastnamefarandi]

Week 4: 

Digital Community and Blogging: Tumblr Case Study

The public sphere is a theoretical construct that denotes the communal domain in which individuals convene to deliberate and recognize societal concerns and predicaments, and construct viewpoints regarding them (Kruse, Norris & Flinchum 2018, pp. 62-63). This is a forum for civic discourse and deliberation, wherein individuals are afforded the opportunity to articulate their perspectives and interact with fellow citizens in a democratic fashion (Browne 2018, pp. 16-17). The public sphere can manifest in diverse formats, including conventional media channels, virtual platforms, or communal assemblies (Browne 2018, pp. 13).

Blogging has become a major public sphere. Bloggers can impact public discourse by sharing their thoughts, experiences, and perspectives online (Lovink 2008, p. 1). Blogging lets people express themselves without media restrictions (Lovink 2008, p. 9). Moreover, it provides an opportunity for individuals to connect with others who share common interests. Lifestyle bloggers can share their experiences on various topics, while political bloggers can discuss current events (Lovink 2008, p. 185-187).

The culture of blogging pertains to collective concepts, convictions, conduct, and traditions of the community and it concept places great emphasis on the act of self-expression, honesty, and the sense of community (Kuo, Belland & Kuo 1017, p. 37-39). Engaging in activities such as commenting, sharing, and collaborating can facilitate the expansion of readership for bloggers. Individuals participate in virtual competitions and provide encouragement to each other's endeavors (Lovink 2008, p. 185) . The culture of blogging fosters communal engagement and public discourse.

Tumblr has played the major history of blogging. The microblogging and social networking platform enables its users to disseminate multimedia and brief blog entries (Chang, Tang, Inagaki & Liu 2014, p. 21). Tumblr offers a user-friendly interface, opportunities for customization, and a supportive community that caters to specific interests (Chang, Tang, Inagaki & Liu 2014, p. 21-22). Political and social justice movements have used Tumblr. Tumblr users shared Black Lives Matter materials, personal tales, and calls to action (McCracken, et. al 2020, pp. 302-306).

The platform of Tumblr serves as an illustration of the vernacular utilized within the platform and the participation of individuals within the public sphere. The reblogging and tagging features on Tumblr have given rise to a distinct language and style of communication within the platform (McCracken, et. al 2020, pp. 182-184). The utilization of gifs, memes, and other forms of visual media as a means of communication is subject to distinct cultural norms and practices (McCracken, et al. 2020, pp. 63-68). Discussions pertaining to politics and pop culture have been a subject of debate amongst users on Tumblr and  researchers have conducted studies on the influence of Tumblr on political participation and mobilization (McCracken, et. al 2020, pp. 175-179).

References:

Browne, H 2018, Public sphere, in O’Donovan, O, Dukelow, F & Meade, R (eds), Cork University Press, Ireland.

Chang, Y, Tang, L, Inagaki, Y, Liu, Y 2014, ‘What is Tumblr: a statistical overview and comparison’, SIGKDD explorations, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 21-29.

Kuo, Y C, Belland, B. R, Kuo Y. T 2017, ‘Learning through Blogging: Students’ Perspectives in Collaborative Blog-Enhanced Learning Communities’, Educational technology & society, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 37-50.

Kruse, L. M, Norris, D. R, Flinchum, J. R 2018, ‘Social Media as a Public Sphere? Politics on Social Media’, Sociological Quarterly, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 62-84.

Lovink, G 2008, Zero comments : blogging and critical Internet culture, Routledge, New York.

McCracken, A 2020, A Tumblr book : platform and cultures, in Cho, A, Stein, L. E, Hoch, I. N (eds), University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.

[lifetein]

The Vital Role of 14-3-3γ in Influenza A Virus Replication

https://www.lifetein.com/blog/the-vital-role-of-14-3-3%ce%b3-in-influenza-a-virus-replication/ Influenza A is a virus responsible for multiple pandemics over the last centuries, the respiratory disease has claimed millions of lives over the course of human history. Though other pandemics may come to mind in recent years, flu season is just starting up again now as the weather gets chillier. While we can fight back the virus on a yearly basis, more understanding is requited for a long-term victory. A team has been researching into the NS1 protein of the virus, the part responsible for downregulating the antiviral response of host cells to facilitate viral replication. They believe their work has revealed information on the vital role of 14-3-3γ in influenza A virus replication, where the isoform was found to interact with the protein. Truncated N-Terminus interacts with 14-3-3γ The group preformed much work such through immunoprecipitation to show the interactions between 14-3-3γ and the influenza A encoded NS1 protein. Some of their most compelling finds was the inhibition of 14-3-3γ expression in the host cells greatly reduced replication of the PR8 wild-type virus, but had no such effect on the R8-NS1/1-98 mutant virus, which lacks most of the effector domain of NS1. LifeTein was able to provide the group with anti β-tubulin antibodies, which assisted in their immunoprecipitation methods. The team insists that the evidence points directly towards the vital role of 14-3-3γ in influenza A virus replication thanks to the NS1 protein. While they are still unclear on the precise mechanisms of these interactions, they are certain the findings have laid out the groundwork for future pivotal studies involving influenza A and the role of 14-3-3γ in infection. Kuo, R.-L.; Tam, E.-H.; Woung, C.-H.; Hung, C.-M.; Liu, H.-P.; Liu, H.M.; Wu, C.-C. Interactome Profiling of N-Terminus-Truncated NS1 Protein of Influenza A Virus Reveals Role of 14-3-3γ in Virus Replication. Pathogens 2022, 11, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070733Find Anti β-Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody here

[question-anon]

@echollama said: “Team Wotan-and-friends update when?”

Wōtan

B A S I C S

full name: Wōtan Azouf

gender: male

sexuality: ?

pronouns: he/him

O T H E R S

family: Torbjörn Azouf (father), Brenna Azouf (mother), Halja Azouf (sister)

birthplace: Armistice Enclave, Kingdom of Vale

job: ?

phobias: the dark

guilty pleasures: ?

M O R A L S

morality alignment?: Chaotic Good

sins - pride, wrath

virtues - chastity, diligence, justice

T H I S - O R - T H A T

introvert/extrovert: introvert

organized/disorganized: organized

close minded/open-minded: in the middle

calm/anxious: in the middle

disagreeable/agreeable: disagreeable

cautious/reckless: cautious

patient/impatient: patient

outspoken/reserved: outspoken

leader/follower: leader

empathetic/unemphatic: in the middle

optimistic/pessimistic: pessimistic

traditional/modern: traditional

hard-working/lazy: hard-working

R E L A T I O N S H I P S

otp: ?

ot3: ?

brotp: Wōtan & Izzy

notp: ?

Gwyn

B A S I C S

full name: Gwynevere Heulwen

gender: female

sexuality: homosexual

pronouns: she/her

O T H E R S

family: Arianwen Heulwen (adoptive mother), numerous nuns at Maen-Hir Monastery (current), a small band of thieves (former)

birthplace: ?

job: Acolyte of Maen-Hir Monastery

phobias: ?

guilty pleasures: ?

M O R A L S

morality alignment?: Lawful Good

sins - lust

virtues - charity, diligence, humility, kindness, patience, justice

T H I S - O R - T H A T

introvert/extrovert: extrovert

organized/disorganized: organized

close minded/open-minded: open-minded

calm/anxious: calm

disagreeable/agreeable: agreeable

cautious/reckless: cautious

patient/impatient: patient

outspoken/reserved: reserved

leader/follower: follower

empathetic/unemphatic: empathetic

optimistic/pessimistic: optimistic

traditional/modern: traditional

hard-working/lazy: in the middle

R E L A T I O N S H I P S

otp: Gwyn & Izzy

ot3: ?

brotp: Gwyn & Kohaku Yōttaroga

notp: ?

Izzy

B A S I C S

full name: Isabelline Arc-en-Ciel

gender: female

sexuality: demisexual

pronouns: she/her

O T H E R S

family: unnamed parents, multiple siblings including Irma Arc-en-Ciel

birthplace: Vale City, Kingdom of Vale

job: Huntress, former mercenary

phobias: loss

guilty pleasures: ?

M O R A L S

morality alignment?: Lawful Good

sins - pride, wrath

virtues - diligence, kindness, justice

T H I S - O R - T H A T

introvert/extrovert: extrovert

organized/disorganized: disorganized

close minded/open-minded: open-minded

calm/anxious: in the middle

disagreeable/agreeable: agreeable

cautious/reckless: reckless

patient/impatient: impatient

outspoken/reserved: outspoken

leader/follower: leader

empathetic/unemphatic: empathetic

optimistic/pessimistic: optimistic

traditional/modern: in the middle

hard-working/lazy: hard-working

R E L A T I O N S H I P S

otp: ?

ot3: ?

brotp: Izzy & Wōtan

notp: ?

Hero

B A S I C S

full name: Herodas Terracotta

gender: male

sexuality: heterosexual

pronouns: he/him

O T H E R S

family: unnamed parents, multiple siblings

birthplace: Atlas City, Kingdom of Atlas

job: Heir to the Terracotta Corporation

phobias: ?

guilty pleasures: ?

M O R A L S

morality alignment?: Neutral Good

sins - sloth

virtues - humility, patience

T H I S - O R - T H A T

introvert/extrovert: introvert

organized/disorganized: organized

close minded/open-minded: open-minded

calm/anxious: anxious

disagreeable/agreeable: agreeable

cautious/reckless: cautious

patient/impatient: patient

outspoken/reserved: reserved

leader/follower: follower

empathetic/unemphatic: empathetic

optimistic/pessimistic: in the middle

traditional/modern: modern

hard-working/lazy: lazy

R E L A T I O N S H I P S

otp: Hero & Euca

ot3: ?

brotp: ?

notp: ?

Euca

B A S I C S

full name: Eucalyptus Havelock

gender: female

sexuality: bisexual

pronouns: she/her

O T H E R S

family: unnamed parents, Andromeda Havelock (older sister), multiple other Faunus (by blood oath)

birthplace: Kuo Kana, Menagerie

job: N/A

phobias: ?

guilty pleasures: ?

M O R A L S

morality alignment?: Chaotic Good

sins - greed, gluttony, envy

virtues - charity

T H I S - O R - T H A T

introvert/extrovert: extrovert

organized/disorganized: disorganized

close minded/open-minded: in the middle

calm/anxious: anxious

disagreeable/agreeable: agreeable

cautious/reckless: reckless

patient/impatient: impatient

outspoken/reserved: outspoken

leader/follower: follower

empathetic/unemphatic: empathetic

optimistic/pessimistic: in the middle

traditional/modern: modern

hard-working/lazy: in the middle

R E L A T I O N S H I P S

otp: Euca & Hero

ot3: ?

brotp: ?

notp: ?

[tama-sake]

ASD研究（臨床系）メモ

読んでおいたほうがよさそう。

ASDの評価と治療に関する2020年の米国小児科学会の臨床報告書

Hyman, S. L., Levy, S. E., Myers, S. M., Kuo, D. Z., Apkon, S., Davidson, L. F., ... & Bridgemohan, C. (2020). Identification, evaluation, and management of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, 145(1).

Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder | Pediatrics | American Academy of Pediatrics (aap.org)

==

いまレポートで日本のASD 有病率は世界的に見ても高い、ということを書くために疫学論文を見ているんだけど、たしかに日本と韓国は世界的に見てもぶっちぎりで有病率が高いことがわかる。

最新かつ多数引用されているASD 疫学研究のsurveillance review（世界）

（…surveillance review ってなに？わかってない）

Chiarotti, F., & Venerosi, A. (2020). Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders: a review of worldwide prevalence estimates since 2014. Brain sciences, 10(5), 274.

現在、日本で最も新しいASD 疫学研究は弘前大学の５歳児コホート研究なんだけど、そこでの有病率は3.22%（95%CI 2.66–3.76%）。

Saito, M., Hirota, T., Sakamoto, Y., Adachi, M., Takahashi, M., Osato-Kaneda, A., ... & Nakamura, K. (2020). Prevalence and cumulative incidence of autism spectrum disorders and the patterns of co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders in a total population sample of 5-year-old children. Molecular autism, 11, 1-9.

韓国での有名なASD 疫学研究（7-12 歳児対象, N数はなんと55,266 人）での有病率は2.64% (95% CI=1.91–3.37)。

Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B. L., Koh, Y. J., Fombonne, E., Laska, E., Lim, E. C., ... & Grinker, R. R. (2011). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(9), 904-912.

一番最初にあげた世界各国の研究での有病率を見てもらうとわかるが、信頼区間レベルでさえ被っていない国が大半だ。ちなみに一番上の論文では1/100 表記じゃなくて1/1000 表記なので気をつけよう。

ちなみに弘前コホートについてのネット記事には

解析の結果、ASDの粗有病率は1.73%（95%信頼区間（CI）1.37–2.10%）、男女の比率は2.22：1だった。非参加の児を統計学的に調整した後のASDの有病率は3.22%（95%CI 2.66–3.76%）、男女の比率は1.83：1と推定された。3.22%の有病率の推定は、これまでに報告されている2011年の韓国の研究報告の2.64% (95%CI 1.91-3.37%)より高い数値であるが、信頼区間は重複している範囲にある。よって、日本におけるASD有病率が他の国と比較して高いという結果を示すものではない。

国内の5歳児における自閉スペクトラム症の有病率は推定3%以上－弘前大 - QLifePro 医療ニュース

と書いてあるんだけど、比較対象の韓国も世界的に見てバカ高いんじゃ。医療ニュースに嘘書くな。と思った。

[andyfan7896]

《自然》：新冠研究有重大进展！科学家首次发现新冠康复患者体内存在长寿骨髓浆细胞，对抗新冠病毒的长效体液免疫确实存在丨科学大发现

好消息！

真真的好消息。

今天，由华盛顿大学医学院Ali H. Ellebedy领衔的研究团队，在顶级期刊《自然》发表论文称：他们在轻症新冠肺炎康复者的骨髓中发现了新冠病毒特异性的长寿骨髓浆细胞（BMPCs，一种效应B细胞）[1]。这种细胞会终生存在，持续释放抗体。

这一发现表明，至少对于轻症新冠康复者而言，新冠病毒在他们体内诱发了强大的抗原特异性、长效的体液免疫反应。

此外，值得一提的是，这也是迄今首次证实病毒感染人类后会诱导抗原特异性BMPCs。

论文首页截图

根据之前的研究我们已经知道，季节性冠状病毒的再次感染一般发生在前一次感染后的6-12个月[2]。这表明人体对这些病毒的保护性免疫力可能是短暂的[2]。

一开始的时候，科学家从新冠肺炎康复者血液样本中发现的现象，让我们以为新冠病毒可能有类似的特点。

例如，有研究发现，抗新冠病毒的血清抗体在感染后的头几个月会迅速衰减[3，4]。这引起了研究人员的担忧，因为这可能意味着康复者体内没有产生长寿BMPCs，毕竟长寿BMPCs是保护性抗体的持久性和基本来源[5-7]。

甚至还有研究人员认为，新冠病毒感染可能无法引起功能性生发中心（主要由B细胞组成）的反应，而这将严重影响长寿BMPCs的产生[8]。

新冠病毒（图源：NIAID-RML）

不过，好消息是，研究人员在分析感染后4至6个月收集的样本时发现：新冠病毒抗体滴度下降较慢[9，10]。而且还有研究发现新冠肺炎康复者再感染的风险明显降低[11，12]。

种种迹象表明，新冠康复者对新冠肺炎应该是有长久的免疫力。

真相究竟如何呢？

Ellebedy意识到，要想弄清新冠肺炎康复者体内是否存在持久的抗体免疫，问题的关键在于骨髓。

得研究骨髓啊朋友们。

与血液样本比起来，骨髓样本的获取可就难多了。

新冠病毒（图源：NIAID-RML）

在Ellebedy的这项研究中，他们一共招募了77个轻症新冠肺炎康复者，其中49%为女性，51%为男性，年龄在21岁到69岁之间，中位年龄49岁。其中有6人接受过住院治疗。

所有的患者从初次感染后约一个月开始，每隔三个月提供一次血样。

最关键的骨髓样本Ellebedy团队也弄到了，在Iskra Pusic的帮助下[13]，他们从18名已经确诊感染新冠病毒七八个月了的康复者体内采集了骨髓；4个月之后，其中的5个人又贡献了一次骨髓。作为对照，他们还从11名从未感染过新冠肺炎的人体内采集了骨髓。

血样和骨髓采样时间

基于上述实验材料，Ellebedy和他的同事发现：新冠康复者血液中的抗体水平在感染后的头几个月迅速下降，然后趋于平稳，有些人甚至在感染后11个月还能检测到一些抗体。这与之前的研究数据基本一致。

血样抗体随时间的变化趋势

接下来就要研究一个重要问题：新冠康复者骨髓内是否存在新冠病毒特异性的长寿BMPCs。

为此，他们从骨髓样本中富集BMPCs，分析2019/2020年流感病毒疫苗、破伤风/白喉疫苗和新冠病毒S蛋白特异性的IgG和IgA的频率。

他们发现，流感和破伤风/白喉疫苗特异性BMPCs的频率，在对照组和康复者之间是相当的。

流感和破伤风/白喉疫苗、新冠病毒S蛋白特异性BMPCs分析

再来看新冠病毒S蛋白特异性的细胞。

在新冠康复者的19个骨髓样本中，有15个含有新冠病毒S蛋白特异性抗体产生细胞，在11名对照组参与者中没有检测到此类细胞的存在。

值得一提的是，在骨髓取样时，所有康复者的血液中都没有检测到S蛋白特异性抗体分泌细胞。这表明研究人员检测到的BMPCs是骨髓驻留细胞，而不是来自循环浆细胞的污染。

流感和破伤风/白喉疫苗、新冠病毒S蛋白特异性BMPCs比较

至于5名康复者4个月后采集的第二份骨髓样本，研究人员发现抗S IgG BMPCs的频率是稳定的，而抗S IgA BMPCs的频率在5人中有4人是稳定的，其中一人下降到检测阈值以下。

不同时间的新冠病毒S蛋白特异性BMPCs比较

对于自己的研究成果，Ellebedy有自己的理解，他认为[13]：“轻症新冠肺炎患者在感染后两到三周就会清除体内病毒，因此在感染7或11个月后就不会有病毒驱动的活跃免疫反应。”

此外，Ellebedy还认为[13]，这些新冠病毒特异性BMPCs处于静止状态，没有在分裂，只是静静地待在骨髓中，默默地分泌抗体，而且它们会无限期地持续这样做。

对于那些无症状感染者，Ellebedy推测他们也有可能留下了长期的免疫力[13]。

不过，对于那些重症感染者是否存在长期免疫力，还有待进一步的研究。第一作者Jackson Turner认为，重症感染者的过度炎症反应可能会导致免疫反应的缺陷，所以不能确定此类患者体内是否存在新冠病毒特异性的长寿BMPCs[13]。

至于新冠疫苗是否会诱导长寿BMPCs的产生，Ellebedy及其同事表示他们正在研究[13]。

参考文献：

[1].https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03647-4

[2].Edridge AWD, Kaczorowska J, Hoste ACR, et al. Seasonal coronavirus protective immunity is short-lasting. Nat Med. 2020;26(11):1691-1693. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1083-1

[3].Long QX, Tang XJ, Shi QL, et al. Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat Med. 2020;26(8):1200-1204. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6

[4].Ibarrondo FJ, Fulcher JA, Goodman-Meza D, et al. Rapid Decay of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Persons with Mild Covid-19 [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 23;:]. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(11):1085-1087. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2025179

[5].Slifka MK, Antia R, Whitmire JK, Ahmed R. Humoral immunity due to long-lived plasma cells. Immunity. 1998;8(3):363-372. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80541-5

[6].Hammarlund E, Lewis MW, Hansen SG, et al. Duration of antiviral immunity after smallpox vaccination. Nat Med. 2003;9(9):1131-1137. doi:10.1038/nm917

[7].Nutt SL, Hodgkin PD, Tarlinton DM, Corcoran LM. The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15(3):160-171. doi:10.1038/nri3795

[8].Kaneko N, Kuo HH, Boucau J, et al. Loss of Bcl-6-Expressing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Centers in COVID-19. Cell. 2020;183(1):143-157.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.025

[9].Wajnberg A, Amanat F, Firpo A, et al. Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months. Science. 2020;370(6521):1227-1230. doi:10.1126/science.abd7728

[10].Rodda LB, Netland J, Shehata L, et al. Functional SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Memory Persists after Mild COVID-19. Cell. 2021;184(1):169-183.e17. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.029

[11].Hall VJ, Foulkes S, Charlett A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN) [published correction appears in Lancet. 2021 May 8;397(10286):1710]. Lancet. 2021;397(10283):1459-1469. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00675-9

[12].Houlihan CF, Vora N, Byrne T, et al. Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline health-care workers. Lancet. 2020;396(10246):e6-e7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31484-7

[13].https://medicine.wustl.edu/news/good-news-mild-covid-19-induces-lasting-antibody-protection/

[hiroyukitsuji]

2020.11.26

国際共同研究Wheat 10+ genome の成果がNatureに論文発表されました!

16Gbと巨大でなおかつ6倍体のゲノムを持つコムギ10系統のゲノム配列を高精度の決定してゲノム科学と作物育種を加速させるチューリヒ大/木原生研の清水健太郎さんが日本側をリードしてまとまりました。世界のコムギのゲノムの多様性を活かした新しい研究がますます発展します。

Walkowiak S,  Gao L,  Monat C,  Haberer G,  Kassa MT,  Brinton J,  Ramirez-Gonzalez RH, Kolodziej MC,  Delorean E,  Thambugala D,  Klymiuk V,  Byrns B,  Gundlach H,  Bandi V,   Siri N,  Nilsen K,  Aquino C,  Himmelbach A,  Copetti D,  Ban T, Venturini L,  Bevan M,  Clavijo B,  Koo DH,  Ens J,  Wiebe K,  N’Daiye A, Fritz AK,  Gutwin C,  Fiebig A,  Fosker C,  Fu BX,  Accinelli GG, Gardner KA,  Fradgley N,  Gutierrez-Gonzalez J,  Halstead-Nussloch G,  Hatakeyama M, Koh CS,  Deek J, Costamagna AC,  Fobert P,  Heavens D,  Kanamori K,  Kawaura K,  Kobayashi F,  Krasileva K,  Kuo T,  McKenzie N,  Murata K,  Nabeka Y,  Paape T,  Padmarasu S,  Percival-Alwyn L,  Kagale S,  Scholz W,  Sese J,  Juliana P,  Singh R,  Shimizu-Inatsugi R,  Swarbreck D,  Cockram J,  Budak H,  Tameshige T,  Tanaka T,  Tsuji H,  Wright J,  Wu J,  Steuernagel B,  Small I,  Cloutier S,  Keeble-Gagnere G,  Muehlbauer G,  Tibbets J,  Nasuda S,  Melonek J, Hucl PJ,  Sharpe A,  Clark M,  Legg E,  Bharti A,  Langridge P,  Hall A,  Uauy C,  Mascher M,  Krattinger SG,  Handa H, Shimizu KK,  Distelfeld A,  Chalmers K,  Keller B, Mayer KFX,  Poland J,  Stein N, McCartney CA,  Spannagl M,  Wicker T,  Pozniak CJ (2020) Multiple wheat genomes reveal global variation in modern breeding. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2961-x

[nelliievance]

Nutrition and Prediabetes

As I mentioned in my previous post there is some fascinating and useful information in Dr. Michael Greger’s book How Not To Diet on the relation between what and how we eat and prediabetes. This topic is important to me because a good friend of mine was recently diagnosed with prediabetes, and has been making heroic efforts in her eating to address it without medication. Insulin resistance is the strongly related to prediabetes, which is chronically elevated blood sugar (glucose). Sometimes the two terms are used interchangeably. Another term is carbohydrate intolerance. As a last bit of terminology, insulin sensitivity is the opposite of insulin resistance. We want our cells to have high insulin sensitivity which is the same as low insulin resistance. High insulin sensitivity also means high carb tolerance. Prediabetes is diagnosed with an abnormally high reading on an hbA1c test, which indicates your average blood glucose level over the last couple of months.

Background

So first the basics. When food is digested our blood glucose level goes up. This signals to the pancreas to secrete insulin, which prompts the muscles and liver to receive the energy. It also prompts the fat cells to stop releasing energy, since there are readily available calories that need to be cleared from the blood. Excess glucose in the blood has various harmful side effects so it’s important for this to happen in a timely manner. In addition, the response to the excess glucose is for the pancreas to pump out more insulin, leading to elevated insulin levels in the blood, which has its own harmful effects

Cells can become resistant to the effect of insulin, so that not enough sugar is taken out of the blood in response to a normal dose of insulin. Some authors make the analogy that the insulin lock no longer fits in the cells’ keyhole, but I prefer Dr Greger’s analogy of a clogged drain. So insulin resistance reduces the outflow of sugar from the blood. The inflow of sugar is controlled by the food we eat, specifically its glycemic load: how much and how quickly the blood sugar rises in response to a specific number of calories of food consumed.

Refined carbohydrates have the worst glycemic load, so cutting back on them is a good way to “turn down the tap” of sugar inflow. It may seem like a good idea to cut back on all carbs, but this is failing to distinguish between “bad” (high-glycemic load) and “good” (low-glycemic load) carbs. You don’t have to cut down on all carbs to reduce blood sugar levels, just bad carbs. Also, carbs are not the only foods that cause insulin spiking. For example, beef, which contains no carbs, has a surprisingly high insulin response.

While it is a good idea to “turn down the tap”, the major question I often don’t see addressed is “why is the drain clogged” and what can we do to unclog it? Why did my friend suddenly become insulin resistant in her 60s? Especially in her case, because she doesn’t check any of the obvious boxes: she is normal weight, physically active, and eats a healthier diet than the standard American diet.

Intramyocellular lipids and insulin resistance From Dr Neal Barnard’s Ted Talk “Tackling diabetes with a bold new dietary approach” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktQzM2IA-qU)

It is by now well established that the insulin resistance is strongly associated with excess accumulation of intramyocellular lipids, or fat stuck inside muscle cells, and many experts argue that this is in fact the cause of insulin resistance. We don’t want a cross-section of our muscles to look like a marbled steak. Elevated blood fat (lipid) levels lead to increased intramyocellular lipids. And what we eat affects our blood lipid levels. This makes eating a reduced-fat diet seem like a good idea, but high triglycerides means excessive fat in the bloodstream, which can be caused by other types of excess calories, and the recommendations to lower triglycerides include exercise, avoiding sugar and other refined carbs, and lowering saturated fat consumption.

This is kind of what I new going into reading How Not To Diet but I picked up a lot of new knowledge there. Here is a summary of the new stuff I learned:

“Those eating plant-based diets average significantly lower insulin levels and have less insulin resistance, even compared to nonvegetarians at the same body weight. In fact, those who eat meat have up to 50 percent higher insulin levels in their bloodstreams” [1-4]. Intervention studies showed significant improvement by putting patients with type II diabetes on a plant-based diet [5]. There is a good discussion about how effective a plant-based diet is in preventing and treating diabetes in Dr. Greger’s video “The Best Diet for Diabetes“,

Our gut bacteria play a big role in carb tolerance. Bifodobacteria are good gut bugs we want to have, and bifodogenic foods encourages their growth. Unfortunately, some people are intolerant of a type of foods call fodmaps, which is associated with irritable bowel symptom among other things. But a low-fodmap diet can lead to lower levels of bifodobacteria [6] So it seems those who are on a low fodmap diet need to work harder at eating other foods allowed on their diet that are associated with good gut bugs.

Berries improve insulin sensitivity, and consuming them along with other foods, even bad carbs, blunts the insulin response to them. Eating more berries can overall lead to lower insulin resistance [7].

“Adding just two teaspoons of vinegar to a high-glycemic meal (a bagel and juice) reduces the blood sugar spike by 23 percent… A meta-analysis of eleven such studies found that vinegar taken with a meal significantly improves both blood sugar and insulin responses, and it didn’t seem to matter what kind of vinegar was used” [8]. As to how this works:”The mystery was solved when a research team in Greece demonstrated that vinegar consumption improves the uptake of blood sugar by our muscles” [9].

This next tidbit gets back to the meal-timing suggestion in my previous post: We are significantly more insulin sensitive in the morning compared to the evening. So avoiding higher glycemic foods in the evening is especially important for blood sugar control [10].

Takeaway

The recommendations discussed above still hold: move more, eat less refined carbs, eat less saturated fat, eat more high fiber foods including fruits and veggies. In the light of the lower insulin resistance associated with plant-based eating. moving towards lower animal protein intake and higher plant protein (like more beans, less meat) also seems like a good idea. In addition, there are some tweaks like eating berries with your meals, eating more in the morning and less at night (especially avoiding higher glycemic foods at night), and adding vinegar to your meals (Dr. Greger had some suggestions about vinegar with breakfast, but I must admit I have not tried that step yet). And don’t forget to work on your stress: we tend to eat junkier foods when stressed out. Fun physical activities and meditation (sitting or in motion) both help.

References:

Valachovicová M, Krajcovicová-Kudlácková M, Blazícek P, Babinská K. No evidence of insulin resistance in normal weight vegetarians. A case control study. Eur J Nutr, 2006.

Kuo CS, Lai NS, Ho LT, Lin CL. Insulin sensitivity in Chinese ovo-lactovegetarians compared with omnivores. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004.

Toth MJ, Poehlman ET. Sympathetic nervous system activity and resting metabolic rate in vegetarians. Metab Clin Exp. 1994

Hung CJ, Huang PC, Li YH, Lu SC, Ho LT, Chou HF. Taiwanese vegetarians have higher insulin sensitivity than omnivores. Br J Nutr. 2006.

Barnard, R, Jung, T, and Inkeles, S, “Diet and Exercise in the Treatment of NIDDM: The need for early emphasis”, Diabetes Care, 1994.

Hill P, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Controversies and recent developments of the low-FODMAP diet. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017

Törrönen R, Kolehmainen M, Sarkkinen E, Mykkänen H, Niskanen L. Postprandial glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid responses to sucrose consumed with blackcurrants and lingonberries in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012

Shishehbor F, Mansoori A, Shirani F. Vinegar consumption can attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses; a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017

Mitrou P, Petsiou E, Papakonstantinou E, et al. Vinegar consumption increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by the forearm muscle in humans with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2015

Bo S, Fadda M, Castiglione A, et al. Is the timing of caloric intake associated with variation in diet-induced thermogenesis and in the metabolic pattern? A randomized cross-over study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2015

Nutrition and Prediabetes published first on https://steroidsca.tumblr.com/

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 45, 2023

Interplay between external inputs and recurrent dynamics during movement preparation and execution in a network model of motor cortex. Bachschmid-Romano, L., Hatsopoulos, N. G., & Brunel, N. (2023). eLife, 12, e77690.

Distinct neural activations correlate with maximization of reward magnitude versus frequency. Balasubramani, P. P., Diaz-Delgado, J., Grennan, G., Alim, F., Zafar-Khan, M., Maric, V., … Mishra, J. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(10), 6038–6050.

Modulation of ventromedial orbitofrontal cortical glutamatergic activity affects the explore-exploit balance and influences value-based decision-making. Barnes, S. A., Dillon, D. G., Young, J. W., Thomas, M. L., Faget, L., Yoo, J. H., … Ramanathan, D. S. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(10), 5783–5796.

Long-range inhibition synchronizes and updates prefrontal task activity. Cho, K. K. A., Shi, J., Phensy, A. J., Turner, M. L., & Sohal, V. S. (2023). Nature, 617(7961), 548–554.

Accelerating Maturation of Spatial Memory Systems by Experience: Evidence from Sleep Oscillation Signatures of Memory Processing. Contreras, M. P., Fechner, J., Born, J., & Inostroza, M. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(19), 3509–3519.

Intrinsic Neural Timescales in the Temporal Lobe Support an Auditory Processing Hierarchy. Cusinato, R., Alnes, S. L., van Maren, E., Boccalaro, I., Ledergerber, D., Adamantidis, A., … Tzovara, A. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(20), 3696–3707.

Humans plan for the near future to walk economically on uneven terrain. Darici, O., & Kuo, A. D. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(19), e2211405120.

Bistability of prefrontal states gates access to consciousness. Dwarakanath, A., Kapoor, V., Werner, J., Safavi, S., Fedorov, L. A., Logothetis, N. K., & Panagiotaropoulos, T. I. (2023). Neuron, 111(10), 1666-1683.e4.

Schema formation in a neural population subspace underlies learning-to-learn in flexible sensorimotor problem-solving. Goudar, V., Peysakhovich, B., Freedman, D. J., Buffalo, E. A., & Wang, X.-J. (2023). Nature Neuroscience, 26(5), 879–890.

A Learned Map for Places and Concepts in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe. Herweg, N. A., Kunz, L., Schonhaut, D., Brandt, A., Wanda, P. A., Sharan, A. D., … Kahana, M. J. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(19), 3538–3547.

Counterconditioning reduces contextual renewal in a novel context but not in the acquisition context. Keller, N. E., Cooper, S. E., McClay, M., & Dunsmoor, J. E. (2023). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 201, 107749.

The human cerebellum in reward anticipation and outcome processing: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Kruithof, E. S., Klaus, J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2023). Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 149, 105171.

The Representational Similarity between Visual Perception and Recent Perceptual History. Luo, J., & Collins, T. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(20), 3658–3665.

Age-related differences in prefrontal glutamate are associated with increased working memory decay that gives the appearance of learning deficits. Rmus, M., He, M., Baribault, B., Walsh, E. G., Festa, E. K., Collins, A. G., & Nassar, M. R. (2023). eLife, 12, e85243.

Functional brain networks reflect spatial and temporal autocorrelation. Shinn, M., Hu, A., Turner, L., Noble, S., Preller, K. H., Ji, J. L., … Murray, J. D. (2023). Nature Neuroscience, 26(5), 867–878.

Peripheral targets attenuate miniature eye movements during fixation. Watamaniuk, S. N. J., Badler, J. B., & Heinen, S. J. (2023). Scientific Reports, 13, 7418.

Emergence of time persistence in a data-driven neural network model. Wolf, S., Le Goc, G., Debrégeas, G., Cocco, S., & Monasson, R. (2023). eLife, 12, e79541.

Intrinsic excitability of human right parietal cortex shapes the experienced visual size illusions. Wu, B., Feng, B., Han, X., Chen, L., & Luo, W. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(10), 6345–6353.

Neurocomputational mechanisms of young children’s observational learning of delayed gratification. Zhao, H., Zhang, T., Cheng, T., Chen, C., Zhai, Y., Liang, X., … Lu, C. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(10), 6063–6076.

Do needs always come first? Children’s allocation decisions in a necessary resource distribution task. Zhou, S., Peng, Q., Liu, T., & Zhang, J. (2023). Current Psychology, 42(11), 9372–9381.

[thegaitguys]

The Latissimus in Gait

Affording itself a large attachment centrally from the T7 to L5 spinouses, laterally to the iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia, rostrally to the lower 3 or 4 ribs and inferior angle of the scapula, to travel superiorly and laterally to the attach to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus, it is perfectly situated to effect both the upper and lower extremities in a large variety of movements.

It is one of the quintessential and often overlooked muscles in gait. It is generally quiet electrophysiologically during walking gait (1,2) until speed increases or you are running (2-4).  The latissimus dorsi is THE functional link between the upper and lower extremity, particularly though its connections with the thoracolumbar fascia (5,6). Latissimus activity, through gait and arm swing seems to profoundly influence and be influenced by gluteal activity, through the posterior oblique sling system (3,4), consisting of the latissimus dorsi, thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus (7). The posterior oblique sling system provides trunk stability and power delivery to the upper extremity from the contralateral lower extremity and promotes mutual gait patterns between the upper and lower extremities (8), while creating joint contraction in running, turning and walking (9,10). Recent studies conversely show that arm swing can, in turn, effect lower extremity movement as well (3,4). 

Given the importance of the latissimus, it would stand to reason we would want it to function at its best. Dry needling is one modality we seem to be able to use to change its function,not only reducing central sensitization, but reducing local and referred pain, improves range of motion and muscle activation patterns (11-13). There are other modalities, including supportive exercises, that can be used to both activate and rehabilitate the lat as well (14-17)

Here is one method we like to use to needle the latissimus dorsi. Consider adding this to your clinical toolbag. 

 references: 

1. Houglum P, Bertoti D in: Brunstrums Clinical Kinesiology 6th Edition, FA Davis 2012 p.558

2. G. Cappellini, Y. P. Ivanenko, R. E. Poppele, F. Lacquaniti Motor Patterns in Human Walking and Running Journal of Neurophysiology Published 1 June 2006 Vol. 95 no. 6, 3426-3437 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00081.2006

3. Shin S, Kim T, Yoo W. Effects of Various Gait Speeds on the Latissimus Dorsi and Gluteus Maximus Muscles Associated with the Posterior Oblique Sling System. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013;25(11):1391-1392. doi:10.1589/jpts.25.1391.

4. Kim T, Yoo W, An D, Oh J, Shin S. The Effects of Different Gait Speeds and Lower Arm Weight on the Activities of the Latissimus Dorsi, Gluteus Medius, and Gluteus Maximus Muscles. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013;25(11):1483-1484. doi:10.1589/jpts.25.1483.

5. Vleeming A, Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Stoeckart R, van Wingerden JP, Snijders CJ. The posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia. Its function in load transfer from spine to legs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995 Apr 1;20(7):753-8.

6. Willard FH, Vleeming A, Schuenke MD, Danneels L, Schleip R. The thoracolumbar fascia:anatomy,  function and clinical considerations. Journal of Anatomy. 2012;221(6):507-536.doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01511.x.

7. Mooney V, Pozos R, Vleeming A, Gulick J, Swenski D Exercise treatment for sacroiliac pain. Orthopedics. 2001 Jan; 24(1):29-32.

8. Page P, Frank C, Lardner R: Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance. Champaign: Human Kinetics Pub, 2010, pp 30–37. 

9. Bergmark A Stability of the lumbar spine. A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1989; 230():1-54.

10. Collins SH, Adamczyk PG, Ferris DP, Kuo AD A simple method for calibrating force plates and force treadmills using an instrumented pole. Gait Posture. 2009 Jan; 29(1):59-64.

11. Dar G, Hicks GE. The immediate effect of dry needling on multifidus muscles function in healthy individuals. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Apr 27;29(2):273-278.

12. Ortega-Cebrian S, Luchini N, Whiteley R. Dry needling: Effects on activation and passive mechanical properties of the quadriceps, pain and range during late stage rehabilitation of ACL reconstructed patients.Phys Ther Sport. 2016 Sep;21:57-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Feb 24.

13. Dommerholt J. Dry needling — peripheral and central considerations. The Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2011;19(4):223-227. doi:10.1179/106698111X13129729552065.

14. Youdas JW, Coleman KC, Holstad EE, Long SD, Veldkamp NL, Hollman JH. Magnitudes of muscle activation of spine stabilizers in healthy adults during prone on elbow planking exercises with and without a fitness ball. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017 Sep 18:1-11. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1377792. [Epub ahead of print]

15. Crane P, Ladden J, Monica D. Treatment of axillary web syndrome using instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization and thoracic manipulation for associated thoracic rotation dysfunction: A case report. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017 Aug 30:1-5. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1368755. [Epub ahead of print]

16. Massé-Alarie H, Beaulieu LD, Preuss R, Schneider C. Influence of paravertebral muscles training on brain plasticity and postural control in chronic low backpain. Scand J Pain. 2016 Jul;12:74-83. doi: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.03.005. Epub 2016 May 11.

17. Snarr RL, Hallmark AV, Casey JC, Esco MR. Electromyographical Comparison of a Traditional, Suspension Device, and Towel Pull-Up. J Hum Kinet. 2017 Aug 1;58:5-13. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0068. eCollection 2017 Sep.

[incitejournal]

The in:cite Syllabus, Summer 2017 Edition: Decolonial Theories, Histories, Movements

This summer, in preparation for our work carrying out the aims of our vision statement, the in:cite Editorial Board held a reading group. Organized and led by Lynn Ly (University of Toronto), the syllabus aimed to provide a broad introduction to decolonial, antiracist, and transnational feminist thought. As we explored the thoughts and movements each week, we worked to understand the intellectual and revolutionary traditions of Indigenous, Black, and women of colour feminisms, and tried to articulate how in:cite can build on and continue their work. We’re publishing our syllabus here to advocate for our intellectual roots and to seek engagement with others: we would love to hear from other youth about what you think about these readings, in the form of a blog post, an article, or just as part of a conversation! Reach out to us at incitejournal@gmail.com. 

Syllabus: Decolonial Theories, Histories, Movements

Meeting 1: Introduction

Keywords/Terms to think about: Grammarians of our epistemological order (Wynter), The figure of the Human (Wynter), Bridges/Relationality/Crossings, Memory, Refugees, Soul Work (Alexander), Worlds Otherwise (Crawley)

Wynter, S. (1992). No Humans Involved: An Open Letter to My Colleagues. Voices of the African Diaspora, 8(2), 13–16.

Alexander, M. J. (2005). Remembering This Bridge Called My Back, Remembering Ourselves. In Pedagogies of crossing : meditations on feminism, sexual politics, memory, and the sacred (pp. 257–286). Durham: Duke University Press.

Crawley, A. (2015, January 19). Otherwise Movements. The New Inquiry. Retrieved from https://thenewinquiry.com/otherwise-movements/

Meeting 2: New World’s Settler Colonial Racial State (Part 1)

Keywords/Terms to think about: Decolonization, Heteropatriarchy, Land, Kinship, Futurisms

Tuck, E., & Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 1(1). Retrieved from http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/view/18630

Arvin, M., Tuck, E., & Morrill, A. (2013). Decolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy. Feminist Formations, 25(1), 8–34. Retrieved from https://ethnc3870.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/25-1-arvin1.pdf

Tuck, E. (2016, July 25). Red and Black DNA, Kinship and Organizing with Kim Tallbear. The Henceforward Podcast, (Episode 4). Retrieved from http://www.thehenceforward.com/episodes/2016/7/25/episode-3-red-and-black-dna-blood-kinship-and-organizing-with-kim-tallbear

Dhillon, J., & Estes, N. (2016, December 22). Standing Rock, #NoDAPL, and Mni Wiconi. Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology. Retrieved September 13, 2017, from https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1010-standing-rock-nodapl-and-mni-wiconi

Inez Guzmán, A. (2015, March 15). Indigenous Futurisms Mixtape. Retrieved September 13, 2017, from https://ivc.lib.rochester.edu/indigenous-futurisms/

A Tribe Called Red. (2014, April 9). A Tribe Called Red - Sisters ft Northern Voice [YouTube video]. Jon Riera, director. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbrvwaVXJ48

Meeting 3: New World’s Settler Colonial Racial State (Part 2)

Keywords/Terms to think about: Intersectionality, Maps, Toxic Masculinity, Blackness, Genealogy, Queerness, Imprisonment/Captivity, Belonging

Brand, D. (2001). A map to the door of no return: Notes to belonging (pp. 3-12). Toronto: Doubleday Canada.

The Combahee River Collective. (1983 [1977]). The Combahee River Collective Statement. In Barbara Smith (Ed.), Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, Inc. Retrieved from http://circuitous.org/scraps/combahee.html

Hartman, S. (2016). The Belly of the World: A Note on Black Women’s Labors. Souls, 18(1), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999949.2016.1162596

Nigatu, H., & Clayton, T. (2017, May 22). Episode 89: Sister Girl Bonds (with Dr. Kimberle Crenshaw). Another Round Podcast, (Episode 89). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxxJvtTbnYU

Lim, E.-B. (2017, August 2). Trigger Warning: Toxic Masculinity in the U.S. Gun Phallocracy By Eng-Beng Lim | Bully Bloggers. Retrieved September 16, 2017, from https://bullybloggers.wordpress.com/2015/08/02/toxic-masculinity-in-the-u-s-gun-phallocracy/

Blain, C.-B. (2017, July 12). If you want cops in Pride, you’re missing the next queer revolution: Why Black Canadians are essential to the reclamation of Pride. Xtra. Retrieved from https://www.dailyxtra.com/if-you-want-cops-in-pride-youre-missing-the-next-queer-revolution-76054

Black Lives Matter Toronto. (n.d.). Demands – BLM – TO. Retrieved September 16, 2017, from https://blacklivesmatter.ca/demands/

Anusha Kedhar. (2014, October 6). “Hands Up! Don’t Shoot!”: Gesture, Choreography, and Protest in Ferguson. The Feminist Wire. Retrieved September 16, 2017, from http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/protest-in-ferguson/

Lewis, S. P. (n.d.). The Dandy Lion Project. Retrieved September 16, 2017, from http://thedandylionproject.com/

Meeting 4: Transnational Feminisms

Keywords/Terms to think about: Intimacies, Transnational, Gaze, War, Freedom, Pinkwashing, Orientalism, Model Minority, Corporatism, Rape Culture

Lowe, L. (2015). History Hesitant. Social Text, 33(4 125), 85–107. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-3315790. Available online at http://www.academia.edu/20221157/History_Hesitant

Mohanty, C. T. (1988). Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses. Feminist Review, (30), 61. https://doi.org/10.2307/1395054.

Lim, E.-B. (2017, April 16). "The Asian was told to leave. He was given an explanation. Nevertheless, he persisted. So he had to be carried out on a stretcher”. Bully Bloggers. Retrieved September 15, 2017, from https://bullybloggers.wordpress.com/2017/04/16/the-asian-was-told-to-leave-he-was-given-an-explanation-nevertheless-he-persisted-so-he-had-to-be-carried-out-in-a-stretcher/

Kuo, R. (2017, January 2). How Rape Culture and Racism Combine to Hurt Asian Women. Everyday Feminism. Retrieved from https://everydayfeminism.com/2017/01/rape-culture-racism-asian-women/

Puar, J., Pitcher, B., & Gunkel, H. (2008, May 2). Q&A with Jasbir Puar [Interview]. darkmatter. Retrieved September 15, 2017, from http://www.darkmatter101.org/site/2008/05/02/qa-with-jasbir-puar/

[postsofbabel]

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