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papermoonloveslucy · 7 years ago

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LUCY, THE PART-TIME WIFE

S3;E14 ~ December 14, 1970

Directed by Ross Martin ~ Written by Larry Rhine and Lou Derman

Synopsis

Harry is panicked when he thinks an old college girlfriend wants to marry him, so he recruits Lucy to pretend to be his wife – complete with two teenage kids and another one on the way!

Regular Cast

Lucille Ball (Lucy Carter), Gale Gordon (Harrison Otis Carter), Lucie Arnaz (Kim Carter)

Desi Arnaz Jr. (Craig Carter) does not appear in this episode. He is, however, mentioned in the dialogue and his name appears in the opening credits. Harry claims Craig is “on vacation.”

Guest Cast

Jean Willes (Gertrude Krebs) appeared in The Fuller Brush Girl (1950) and A Woman of Distinction (1950) with Lucille Ball. This is her only series appearance.

Gertrude is a college friend of Harry’s.

Carole Cook (Lillian Rylander) played Thelma Green on “The Lucy Show” as well as a host of other characters. She was a protege of Lucille Ball’s during the Desilu Playhouse years. Although born as Mildred Cook, Ball suggested she take the name Carole, in honor of Lucy’s great friend, Carole Lombard. Cook appeared in five episodes of “Here’s Lucy.”

Lillian is a member of Lucy’s bridge club. The surname Rylander has been used many times by Gale Gordon when dictating letters to Lucy in both “Here’s Lucy” and “The Lucy Show.”

Eddie Quillan (Cab Driver) appeared in the Lucille Ball film A Guide for the Married Man (1967) and in two episodes of “The Lucy Show.” This is the first of his two “Here’s Lucy” installments.

Billy Benedict (Delivery Man) played Whitey in the original Bowery Boys / East Side Kids film serials. He married for the first time at age 52 while working as an extra on Hello, Dolly (1969) – coincidentally to a girl named Dolly! This is his only time (in more than 300 films and television shows) working with Lucille Ball.

Gary Morton (Airport Announcer Voice, uncredited) was a comedian who worked the famed ‘Borscht Belt’ in the Catskills Mountains. He met Lucille Ball shortly after her divorce from Desi Arnaz and they married in November 1961. At her request, Morton gave up his nightclub career and became a producer of “The Lucy Show.” Morton also served as a warm-up comic for the show’s studio audience. He appeared in “Lucy and the Andrews Sisters” (S2;E6) and “Lucy and Sammy Davis Jr.” (S3;E3). Morton passed away in 1999.

The voice delivers the news that Gertrude’s flight has been delayed five hours.

Lee Bergere (Doctor Brogan, uncredited) worked at Desilu in "Star Trek", "Mission: Impossible," and "Mannix". He is probably best remembered for playing Joseph on “Dynasty” (1981-83).

Unusually, Bergere, who has dialogue in the episode’s final scene, is not identified in the end credits. It may be the result of ‘artistic differences’ with Lucille Ball a LBP, or it may just have been an oversight.

Joan Carey (Airport Traveler, uncredited) was one of the few performers to be seen on “I Love Lucy,” “The Lucy Show” and “Here’s Lucy.” She was also one of Lucille Ball’s camera and lighting stand-ins. [Thanks to The Lucy Lounge for spotting her!]

Other airport travelers are played by uncredited background performers.

This is the first episode to be directed by actor Ross Martin, who was a good friend of Lucille Ball’s. In a 1970 TV special (two weeks before this episode first aired) titled “Swing Out, Sweet Land” - a history of America hosted by John Wayne - Lucille Ball did the voice of the Statue of Liberty and Martin played Alexander Hamilton. He will direct one more episode of “Here’s Lucy.”

The title of this episode is often listed without the article: “Lucy, Part-Time Wife.”

Gary Morton’s loud laughter from the studio audience is particularly noticeable in this episode. Perhaps, as her husband, he was wildly amused at the idea of Lucille being pregnant?

When Harry pleads with Lucy saying “it’s a matter of life or death” Lucy immediately assumes he’s been drafted. From 1940 until 1973 men were drafted to fill vacancies in the United States Armed Forces that could not be filled through voluntary means. The draft came to an end when the United States Armed Forces moved to an all-volunteer military force. In 1970, the Vietnam War made the draft a hot button issue on TV and politics.

To get Lucy to play along as his expectant wife, Harry bribes Lucy with a steam cabinet and an all-expenses paid trip to the Grand Canyon.

Gertrude is in Los Angeles on a layover on her way to Honolulu. At the end of season three, Lucy and Vivian will go to Hawaii, but by cruise ship, not plane.

Gertrude’s college nicknamed was ‘Blood and Guts’, the nickname of General Patton. General George Smith Patton Jr. (1885-1945) was a senior officer of the United States Army who commanded in the Mediterranean and European theaters of World War II, but is best known for his leadership in France and Germany following the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. A biopic of his life starring George C. Scott (inset) opened in spring 1970 making this reference topical.

Lillian Rylander says she’s at the airport on her way to Chicago with Hilda and Jane for a bridge tournament. When Lucy’s Bridge Club was introduced in “Lucy and Eva Gabor” (S1;E7) it consisted of Dolores, Maude and Nelly. Hilda was mentioned as a Bridge Club member in “Lucy the Helpful Mother” (S2;E15). This is the first mention of a member named Jane.

Lucy tells Gertrude that she’s had cravings for pickles and ice cream, the usual TV trope craving for expectant mothers.

When Lucy is reading baby names from a book, she stops on the name 'Anabell.’ Lucille Ball starred as Annabel Allison in the films The Affairs of Annabel (1938) and Annabel Takes a Tour (1938).

Lucie breaks out the doll she had as a child, which was named Clarabelle.

At the end of the episode, Lucy kisses Harry, her brother-in-law, on the lips!

Interestingly, the last time Lucille Ball was pregnant on camera was with Desi Arnaz Jr., who is coincidentally absent from this episode of “Here’s Lucy.”

In 1952, when Lucy Ricardo was expecting, CBS censors forbade the writers from using the word ‘pregnant.’ Throughout this episode – eighteen years later – the word is still not used!

When Lucy Ricardo was pregnant she craved pistachio ice cream and sardines.

Lucy Ricardo also worried about picking a name for the baby, wanting names that were “unique and euphonious.”

Lucy Ricardo spends some time in a steam cabinet in “The Diet” (ILL S3;E1).

Sitcom Logic Gap Chasm! Lucille Ball was 59 years old when she filmed this episode!

Also, Harry tells Gertrude that Lucy is having a baby “any day now.” Could they not simply tell Gertrude that the baby came early and disguise a doll (or a cheese!) as the baby?

“Lucy, the Part-Time Wife” rates 3 Paper Hearts out of 5

This episode has the shoe on the other foot: Harry has a wild scheme that he must convince Lucy to go along with. Despite the preposterous premise, the episode proves to be funny. The last scene, however, fails to build to a climax quite in the way it should have. But Lucy gets to do a good amount of her trademark physical comedy, including her funny faces when eating the pickles and ice cream!

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wonderfulworldofmichaelford · 3 years ago

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Here are a bunch of historical figures and famous people who are/were involved with the supernatural side of the world in the Rhine City universe:

Mary Shelley, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, H.P. Lovecraft, Elizabeth Bathory, Jack the Ripper (duh), the Zodiac Killer, the Axeman of New Orleans, J.K. Rowling, Jim Jones, Blackbeard, Abigail Williams, Rasputin, Stephen King, Bram Stoker, Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman, Tobe Hooper, Aleister Crowley, Vlad the Impaler, Hiromu Arakawa, D.B. Cooper, Typhoid Mary, Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth, Diogenes, David Copperfield, L. Ron Hubbard, Nicolas Flamel, Stevie Nicks, Taika Waititi, the Brothers Grimm, Kaspar Hauser, Tarrare, Joan of Arc, Gilles de Rais

Those are just the ones I’ve already decided on, there’s gonna be more

#the vampirino story

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mattbegins · 4 years ago

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Chapters: 5/? Fandom: Endeavour (TV) Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Warnings: Graphic Depictions Of Violence Relationships: Endeavour Morse/Gael Edwards Characters: Endeavour Morse, Fred Thursday, Max DeBryn, Reginald Bright, Jim Strange, Shirley Trewlove, Dorothea Frazil, Win Thursday, Joan Thursday, Sam Thursday, Gael Edwards, George Fancy Additional Tags: Case Fic, Angst, Murder, Attempted Murder, Serial Killers, Endeavour Morse Whump, Morse Whump, Hurt/Comfort, Royal Corps of Signals, Signals, British Army of the Rhine, Cold War, Codes & Ciphers, Flashbacks, Treason, Enigma - Freeform, Shooting, Poisoning, Drugging, Special Branch, Espionage, Past Relationship(s), Cipher Clerk, Established Relationship, Established Morse/Gael, buckle up lads this story gets dark Summary:

Endeavour Morse’s life is almost beginning to feel normal but when a face from the past suddenly appears and the men from his old Signals unit start turning up dead, one after another one, the message is clear: he’s next.

In order to catch the killer and save himself, Morse is forced to dive headlong back into the depths of his past to try and preserve the fragile stability he’s built in his life. But, in doing so, he finds himself trapped into the web of a grand Cold War conspiracy that threatens to destroy everything he holds dear.

#chapter five is up!#this story is about to get ten times darker #but on the bright side: we have Morse and Gael #endeavour #endeavour fic #endeavour morse

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mamapriest · 4 years ago

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The Academy Awards through the years: PT. 3

By LOS ANGELES TIMES STAFF

FEB. 26, 2017

Feb. 27, 1941. James Stewart (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, over a two-way radio hookup from Washington, D.C., addresses the 1,400 in attendance at the Biltmore Hotel. The academy presents a new special award to Bob Hope in recognition of his “unselfish services” to the motion-picture industry.

Best picture: “Rebecca”

Actor: James Stewart, “The Philadelphia Story”

Actress: Ginger Rogers, “Kitty Foyle”

Supporting actor: Walter Brennan, “The Westerner”

Supporting actress: Jane Darwell, “The Grapes of Wrath”

Director: John Ford, “The Grapes of Wrath”

Feb. 26, 1942. Walter Pidgeon, left, Donald Crisp and Roddy McDowall in "How Green Was My Valley."

The academy bans formal dress for the first ceremony after the U.S. enters World War II. Many men attend in military uniform. Joan Fontaine beats out her sister Olivia de Havilland for lead actress. The women, seated opposite each other, are dressed in black and wear Spanish mantillas.

Best picture: “How Green Was My Valley”

Actor: Gary Cooper, “Sergeant York”

Actress: Joan Fontaine, “Suspicion”

Supporting actor: Donald Crisp, “How Green Was My Valley”

Supporting actress: Mary Astor, “The Great Lie”

Director: John Ford, “How Green Way My Valley”

Mar. 4, 1943. Teresa Wright, left, and Greer Garson in a scene from "Mrs. Miniver." (Associated Press)

Donald Crisp reads a communication from President Franklin D. Roosevelt to attendees gathered at the Cocoanut Grove: “In total war, motion pictures, like all other human endeavor, have an important part to play in the struggle for freedom and the survival of democracy.”

Best picture: “Mrs. Miniver”

Actor: James Cagney, “Yankee Doodle Dandy”

Actress: Greer Garson, “Mrs. Miniver”

Supporting actor: Van Heflin, “Johnny Eager”

Supporting actress: Teresa Wright, “Mrs. Miniver”

Director: William Wyler, “Mrs. Miniver”

Mar. 2, 1944. Paul Lukas, left, Jennifer Jones, Katina Paxinou and Charles Coburn pose backstage with their statuettes. (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)

Winners are broadcast to the troops overseas, which keeps the awards on schedule. The ceremony is held at Grauman’s Chinese Theatre but the banquet is eliminated. Among the brief speeches, Katina Paxinou, winner for supporting actress, gives tribute to the men overseas fighting for “liberty, justice and human dignity.”

Best picture: “Casablanca”

Actor: Paul Lukas, “Watch on the Rhine”

Actress: Jennifer Jones, “The Song of Bernadette”

Supporting actor: Charles Coburn, “The More the Merrier”

Supporting actress: Katina Paxinou, “For Whom the Bell Tolls”

Director: Michael Curtiz, “Casablanca”

Mar. 15, 1945. Bing Crosby as Father O'Malley in "Going My Way" (File photo)

In one of the most comprehensive victories by a single film, “Going My Way” wins seven major awards. Margaret O’Brien is honored with a special award for outstanding child actress. The ceremony is held at Grauman’s Chinese Theatre.

Best picture: “Going My Way’

Actor: Bing Crosby, “Going My Way”

Actress: Ingrid Bergman, “Gaslight”

Supporting actor: Barry Fitzgerald, “Going My Way”

Supporting actress: Ethel Barrymore, “None But the Lonely Heart”

Director: Leo McCarey, “Going My Way”

Source: https://timelines.latimes.com/academy-awards/

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augustwritessometimes · 5 years ago

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She’s Getting Traded?

I have Joan angst for @moan-jeutas I’m starting this with no idea how it’s gonna go so.... (I’m also watching DnD videos while I write this is excuse any errors)

Also, finally decided on a team name: the Royals. Full team name is Cincinnati Royals. it’s Cincinnati because home stadium is Great American and I know nothing about baseball stadiums in England. Okay, now on to the actual fic.

Joan knew she couldn’t expect to stay with the Royals for a long time. Trades were common and needed, even if you didn’t want to leave your team. The people able to solidify their spot on a team had to work hard for their spot.

Joan knew that out of everyone on the team, she was one of the worst.

She wasn’t bad enough to have to be sent down to Minors for a season or two, but she was bad enough that she hasn’t ever stayed on one team for longer than two seasons.

Maybe the media is right for once She thought to herself one night, laying by herself in the small apartment she rented out for her short stay in the city.

Women belong in baseball. Aragon, Anne, Anna, Howard, Bessie, and Maria prove that. Genderfluid people belong in baseball, Maggie proves that. Nonbinary people belong in baseball, Parr proves that. Do I belong in baseball? Probably not. Or, at least not at player level. Okafor has said I would make a good trainer. This train of thought wasn’t uncommon for Joan. She’s believed for years that there were better women in the Minors who would do a better in Majors than her. After all, she made it to Majors by pure luck.

Joan never speaks a word of her thoughts to the team, especially as the time for trades nears. She slowly starts to distance herself from her teammates, even Bessie, who has been with her since college. If she just distanced herself, became more isolated, it won’t hurt so much when Jane makes the decision to trade her for someone better.

She will never blame Jane for getting rid of her, but she will blame herself for being so bad Jane had to get rid of her for the benefit of the team.

Joan stayed in her small Over-the-Rhine apartment for two weeks, it was post season and they weren’t playing the World Series, so she felt that she could hide.

The team disagrees.

When there was a knock on her apartment door, she didn’t really want to answer it. Joan didn’t want anything to do with the team or humans in general right now. She wanted to sit on her bed and do nothing but cry and be numb.

Dear lord she’s pathetic. No one has even heard if anyone on the team is being traded, she’s just jumping to conclusions

“Joan, answer the door. It’s just Bessie, Maggie, Maria, and Jane.” When Joan heard Bessie’s voice through the door she almost burst into a new round of tears. The last thing she wanted to do was talk to fucking Jane. The person who holds the fate of her career in her hands.

“What do you want?” Joan didn’t even make a move to open the door. Just sat down across the hall from it.

“We just want to talk with you. You’ve been really withdrawn the last couple weeks, and it’s concerning the entire team.” Jane explained softly. Joan growled lowly in her throat, despite knowing no one one the other side of the door would hear it.

“I don’t want to talk to anyone.” Joan could hear someone - probably Bessie or Maggie - sigh, and she would be lying if she said that didn’t make her feel worse.

“Can you tell us why you’ve been hiding at least?” Maria asked.

“No.”

“It would make it easier for us to help you if you tell us, Joey.” Joan slowly stands and opens the door.

“I’m gonna get traded.” When the words leave Joan’s lips, everyone turns to look at Jane.

“Who told you were getting traded? I have no plan to trade for this upcoming season. Yeah, we’re going to get two people from Minors, but that’s only because two of the guys are retired and we need to pull in two new pitchers because of it.” Jane explains.

“Yeah, we’ll see how that stands later.” With that Joan closes the door, locks it, and returns to her room.

Well, this didn’t go how I wanted but I’ve spent an hour on it and I don’t feel like changing it

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whossmashedguitar · 5 years ago

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Tagged by @thanks-for-all-thefish thank youu!!!

rules: spell out your url using song titles and tag as many people as letters in your url

Eish, I’m gonna try for some variety here

W - Who Do You Love/The Band

H - Help!/The Beatles

O - One at a Time/The Who

S - Secondhand Love/Pete Townshend

S - She’s a Rainbow/The Rolling Stones

M - Magic Bus/The Who

A - All of it was Music/ Over the Rhine

S - Slow Mover/Angie McMahon

H - Heartbreak Hotel/Elvis Presley

E - End of the Line/The Travelling Wilburys

D - Diamonds and Rust/Joan Baez

G - Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!/Abba

U - Under the Graveyard/Ozzy Osbourne

I - I Like Nightmares/The Who

T - Take This Waltz/Leonard Cohen

A - And We Run/Within Temptation

R - Run So Far/Eric Clapton

i don’t think I know that many people to tag?

@arbitrarylau @pete-townshend-is-the-eggman @thatonerockerfreak @sastrugie @daddydeakydeacon @john-the-bassist @useyourillusion

#tag #personal

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mydailyvintagephotos · 6 years ago

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#oscar💫🌟⭐️

Actors & Actresses

Who won the Oscar 1938-1947

Actor

1938 Spencer Tracy Boys Town

1939 Robert Donat Goodbye Mr Chips

1940 James Stewart The Philadelphia Story

1941 Gary Cooper Sergeant York

1942 James Cagney Yankee Doodle Dandy

1943 Paul Lukas Watch on the Rhine

1944 Bing Crosby Going My Way

1945 Ray Milland The Lost Weekend

1946 Fredric March The Best Year of Our Lives

1947 Ronald Colman A Double Life

Actress

1938 Bette Davis Jezebel

1939 Vivian Leigh Gone with the Wind

1940 Ginger Rogers Kitty Foyle

1941 Joan Fontaine Suspicion

1942 Greer Garson Mrs. Miniver

1943 Jennifer Jones The Song of Bernadette

1944 Ingrid Bergman Gaslight

1945 Joan Crawford Mildred Pierce

1946 Olivia de Havilland To Each His Own

1947 Loretta Young The Farmers Daughter

#oscars #the golden era #hollywood #vintage hollywood #actress #actor #1930s #1940s

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sporadiceagleheart · 6 months ago

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Emeline Grier Miller, Kimber Hibbs, Adrianna Hutto, Jayden-Jay Silvester, Emily Vitoria Tavares DaSilva, Mystique Genuine Pairama, Josie Burleson, Faithlynn Blankenship, Leena Arredondo, Sally Ann Chesebro, Paige Marie Nilson, Christine L.Ketchum, Andrea Lee Anna Castilla, Shirley Temple and baby Leroy, Ava Jordan Wood, Samantha and Tessara Crespi, Gabby Petito, Mei Leung, Dayle Okazaki, Joan of Arc, Mary Katherine Moore, Arthur Boyd Moore, Brianna Mariah Lopez, Saffie-Rose Brenda Roussos, Lily Peters, Olivia Pratt Korbel, Elizabeth Shelley, Sara Sharif, Charlotte Figi, Lucy Morgan, Star Hobson, Emilie Alice Parker, Catherine Violet Hubbard, Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice, Louis XVII, Lois Janes, Sharon Lee Gallegos, Maite Rodriguez, Eliahna Torres, Jackie Cazares, Makenna Lee Elrod, Jayce Carmelo Luevanos, Jailah Nicole Silguero, Maranda Gail Mathis, Caroline Previdi, Charlotte Bacon, Olivia Engel, Olivia Dahl, Laila Marie Daniel, Paulette Gebara Farah, Barbara Tinning, Baby Abby Jennings, Olivia-Leigh Picton, Aisha and Lailani Ford, Caroline and Madison Rae king, Gillian and Jennifer Pollock, Madison Weeks, Violet Beckett, Kasi Sanders, Heather O'Rourke and Judith Barsi, Heather White, Jaclyn Dowaliby, Betty Jean Bartlett, Brianna Lynn Walker, Judy Garland, Darla Jean Hood, Frank Sutton, Jim Nabors, Eva Heyman, Lily Elsie, Nannie Tyler, Dicy Loud Ream, Emma Ochsner, Emma Ochsner Mundhenke, Little Darcy-May Elm, Mia Julianne Nicole Serrato, Sarah Shulze, Veronica Moser-Sullivan, Moa Leontine Björk, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, Rika Oudgenoeg, Makenna Grace Adcock, MaKenna Rae Fraaza, Mariah Lynn Sisco, Lesley Ann Downey, Sienna Maloney, Avery Nicole King, Angel Hope Herrera, Gerb Johansson, Th Princess Louise and Queen Victoria, Megan Rochelle Jenkins, Jennifer Sue Delgado, Soren Chilson, Joanna Pollock, Jacqueline Theresa Pollock, Robert Towne, Leona Gertrude Loud, Sirita Jimmina “BooBoo” Sotelo,

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amtopmthoughts · 6 years ago

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OSCARS

Legenda:

Legenda - Winners I have watched

Legenda - Winners I don’t know of

Legenda - Winners I know of

Legenda - Nominees I have watched

Legenda - Nominees I don’t know of

Legenda - Nominees I know of

1927/28

BEST MOVIE

Wings

The Racket

7th Heaven

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Janet Gaynor:

for her role as Diane Angela, The Wife in 7th Heaven and Street Angel Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans

Louise Dresser:

for her role as Mrs. Pleznik in A Ship Comes In

Gloria Swanson:

for her role as Sadie Thompson in Sadie Thompson

1928/29

BEST MOVIE

The Broadway Melody

Alibi

Hollywood Revue

In Old Arizona

The Patriot

= 0

Mary Pickford:

for her role as Norma Besant in Coquette

Ruth Chatterton:

for her role as Jacqueline Floriot in Madame X

Betty Compson:

for her role as Carrie in The Barker

Jeanne Eagels:

for her role as Leslie Crosbie in The Letter

Corinne Griffith:

for her role as Emma Hamilton in The Divine Lady

Bessie Love:

for her role as Hank Mahoney in The Broadway Melody

1929/30

BEST MOVIE

All Quiet on the Western Front

The Big House

Disraeli

The Divorcee

The Love Parade

= 0

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Jerry Bernard Martin in The Divorcee

Nancy Carroll:

for her role as Hallie Hobart in The Devil’s Holiday

Ruth Chatterton:

for her role as Sarah Storm in Sarah and Son

Greta Garbo:

for her role as Anna Christie/Madame Rita Cavallini in Anna Christie Romance

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Lucia Marlett in Their Own Desire

Gloria Swanson:

for her role as Marion Donnell in The Trespasser

1930/31

BEST MOVIE

Cimarron

East Lynne

The Front Page

Skippy

Trader Horn

= 0

Marie Dressler:

for her role as Min Divot in Min and Bill

Marlene Dietrich:

for her role as Mademoiselle Amy Jolly in Morocco

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Sabra Cravat in Cimarron

Ann Harding:

for her role as Linda Seton in Holiday

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Jan Ashe in A Free Soul

1931/32

BEST MOVIE

Grand Hotel

Arrowsmith

Bad Girl

The Champ

Five Star Final

One Hour with You

Shanghai Express

The Smiling Lieutenant

= 0

Helen Hayes:

for her role as Madelon Claudet in The Sin of Madelon Claudet

Marie Dressler:

for her role as Emma Thatcher Smith in Emma

Lynn Fontanne:

for her role as The Actress in The Guardsman

1932/33

BEST MOVIE

Cavalcade

42nd Street

A Farewell to Arms

I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang

Lady for a Day

Little Women

The Private Life of Henry VIII

She Done Him Wrong

Smilin’ Through

State Fair

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Katharine Hepburn:

for her role as Eva Lovelace in Morning Glory

May Robson:

for her role as Apple Annie in Lady for a Day

Diana Wynyard:

for her role as Jane Marryot in Cavalcade

1934

BEST MOVIE

It Happened One Night

The Barretts of Wimpole Street

Cleopatra

Flirtation Walk

The Gay Divorcee

Here Comes the Navy

The House of Rothschild

Imitation of Life

One Night of Life

The Thin Man

Viva Villa!

The White Parade

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Claudette Colbert:

for her role as Ellie Andrews in It Happened One Night

Grace Moore:

for her role as Mary Barrett in One Night of Love

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Elizabeth Barrett in The Barrett of Wimpole Street

Bette Davis:

for her role as Mildred Rogers in Of Human Bondage

1935

BEST MOVIE

Munity on the Bounty

Alice Adams

Broadway Melody of 1936

Captain Blood

David Copperfield

The Informer

The Lives of a Bengal Lancer

A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Les Misérables

Naughty Marietta

Rugs of Red Gap

Top Hat

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Bette Davis:

for her role as Joyce Heath in Dangerous

Elisabeth Bergner:

for her role as Gemma Jones in Escape Me Never

Claudette Colbert:

for her role as Jane Everest in Private Words

Katharine Hepburn:

for her role as Alice Adams in Alice Adams

Miriam Hopkins:

for her role as Becky Sharp in Becky Sharp

Merle Oberon:

for her role as Kitty Vane in The Dark Angel

1936

BEST MOVIE

The Great Ziegfeld

Anthony Adverse

Dodsworth

Libeled Lady

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

Romeo and Juliet

San Francisco

The Story of Louis Pasteur

A Tale of Two Cities

Three Smart Girls

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Luise Rainer:

for her role as Anna Held in The Great Ziegfeld

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Theodora Lynn in Theodora Goes Wild

Gladys George:

for her role as Carrie Snyder in Valiant is the Word for Carrie

Carole Lombard:

for her role as Irene Bullock in My Man Godfey

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Juliet Capulet in Romeo and Juliet

1937

BEST MOVIE

The Life of Emile Zola

The Awful Truth

Captain Courageous

Dead End

The Good Earth

In Old Chicago

Lost Horizon

One Hundred Men and a Girl

Stage Door

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Luise Rainer:

for her role as O-Lan in The Good Earth

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Lucy Warriner in The Awful Truth

Greta Garbo:

for her role as Marguerite Gautier in Camille

Janet Gaynor:

for her role as Esther Victoria Blodgett/Vicki Lester in A Star is Born

Barbara Stanwyck:

for her role as Stella Martin Dallas in Stella Dallas

1938

BEST MOVIE

You Can’t Take It With You

The Adventures of Robin Hood

Alexander’s Ragtime Band

Boys Town

The Citadel

Four Daughters

Grand Illusion

Jezebel

Pygmalion

Test Pilot

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Bette Davis:

for her role as Julie Marsden in Jezebel

Fay Bainter:

for her role as Hannah Parmalee in White Banners

Wendy Hiller:

for her role as Eliza Doolittle in Pygmalion

Norma Shearer:

for her role as Marie Antoinette in Marie Antoinette

Margaret Sullavan:

for her role as Patricia “Pat” Hollmann in Three Comrades

1939

BEST MOVIE

Gone With The Wind

Dark Victory

Goodbye, Mr. Chips

Love Affair

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Ninotchka

Of Mice and Men

Stagecoach

The Wizard of Oz

Wuthering Heights

= 0

BEST ACTRESS

Vivien Leigh:

for her role as Scarlett O’Hara in Gone with the Wind

Bette Davis:

for her role as Judith Traherne in Dark Victory

Irene Dunne:

for her role as Terry McKay in Love Affair

Greta Garbo:

for her role as Nina Yakushnova “Ninotchka” Ivanoff” in Ninotchka

Greer Garson:

for her role as Katherine Bridges in Goodbye, Mr. Chips

1940

BEST MOVIE

Rebecca

All This, and Heaven Too

Foreign Correspondent

The Grapes of Wrath

The Great Dictator

Kitty Foyle

The Letter

The Long Voyage Home

Our Town

The Philadelphia Story

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Ginger Rogers:

for her role as Kitty Foyle in Kitty Foyle

Bette Davis:

for her role as Leslie Crosbie in The Letter

Joan Fontaine:

for her role as The Second Mrs. de Winter in Rebecca

Katharine Hepburn:

for her role as Tracy Lord in The Philadelphia Story

Martha Scott:

for her role as Emily Webb in Our Town

1941

BEST MOVIE

How Green Was My Valley

Blossoms in the Dust

Citizen Kane

Here Comes Mr. Jordan

Hold Back the Dawn

The Little Foxes

The Maltese Falcon

One Foot in Heaven

Sargeant York

Suspicion

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Joan Fontaine:

for her role as Lina McLaidlaw Aysgarth in Suspicion

Bette Davis:

for her role as Regina Giddens, The Little Foxes

Olivia de Havilland:

Emmy Brown, Hold Back the Dawn

Greer Garson, Blossoms in the Dust

Barbara Stanwyck, Ball of Fire

1942

BEST MOVIE

Mrs. Miniver

The Invaders

Kings Row

The Magnificent Ambersons

The Pied Piper

The Pride of the Yankees

Random Harvest

The Talk of the Town

Wake Island

Yankee Doodle Dandy

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Greer Garson, Mrs. Miniver

Bette Davis, Now, Voyager

Katharine Hepburn, Woman of the Year

Rosalind Russel, My Sister Eileen

Teresa Wright, The Pride of the Yankees

1943

BEST MOVIE

Casablanca

For Whom the Bell Tolls

Heaven Can Wait

The Human Comedy

In Which We Serve

Madame Curie

The More the Merrier

The Ox-Bow Incident

The Song of Bernadette

Watch on the Rhine

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Jennifer Jones, The Song of Bernadette

Jean Arthur, The More the Merrier

Ingrid Bergman, For Whom the Bell Tolls

Joan Fontaine, The Constant Nymph

Greer Garson, Madame Curie

1944

BEST MOVIE

Going My Way

Double Indemnity

Gaslight

Since You Went Away

Wilson

= 0

BEST ACTRESS:

Ingrid Bergman, Gaslight

Claudette Colbert, Since You Went Away

1945

BEST MOVIE

The Lost Weekend

Anchors Aweigh

The Bells of St. Mary’s

Mildred Pierce

Spellbound

= 0

1946

BEST MOVIE

The Best Years of Our Lives

Henry V

= 0

1947

BEST MOVIE

Gentleman’s Agreement

The Bishop’s Wife

Crossfire

Great Expectations

Miracle on 34th Street

= 0

1948

BEST MOVIE

Hamlet

Johnny Belinda

The Red Shoes

The Snake Pit

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre

= 0

1949

BEST MOVIE

All the King’s Men

Battleground

The Heiress

A Letter to Three Wives

Twelve O’Clock High

= 0

1950

BEST MOVIE

All About Eve

Born Yesterday

Father of the Bride

King Solomon’s Mines

Sunset Boulevard

= 0

1951

BEST MOVIE

An American In Paris

Decision Before Dawn

A Place in the Sun

Quo Vadis

A Streetcar Named Desire

= 0

1952

BEST MOVIE

The Greatest Show on Earth

High Noon

Ivanhoe

Moulin Rouge

The Quiet Man

= 0

1953

BEST MOVIE

From Here to Eternity

Julius Caesar

The Robe

Roman Holiday

Shane

= 1

1954

BEST MOVIE

On The Waterfront

The Caine Mutiny

The Country Girl

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers

Three Coins in the Fountain

= 0

1955

BEST MOVIE

Marty

Love is a Many-Splendored Thing

Mister Roberts

Picnic

The Rose Tattoo

= 0

1956

BEST MOVIE

Around the World in 80 Days

Friendly Persuasion

Giant

The King and I

The Ten Commandments

= 0

1957

BEST MOVIE

The Bridge On The River Kwai

12 Angry Men

Peyton Place

Sayonara

Witness for the Prosecution

= 0

1958

BEST MOVIE

Gigi

Auntie Mame

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

The Defiant Ones

Separate Tables

= 0

1959

BEST MOVIE

Ben-Hur

Anatomy of a Murder

The Diary of Anne Frank

The Nun’s Story

Room at the Top

= 0

1960

BEST MOVIE

The Apartment

The Alamo

Elmer Gantry

Sons and Lovers

The Sundowners

= 0

1961

BEST MOVIE

West Side Story

Fanny

The Guns of Navarone

The Hustler

Judgment at Nuremberg

= 1

1962

BEST MOVIE

Lawrence of Arabia

The Longest Day

The Music Man

Mutiny on the Bounty

To Kill a Mockingbird

= 0

1963

BEST MOVIE

Tom Jones

America America

Cleopatra

How the West Was Won

Lilies of the Field

= 0

1964

BEST MOVIE

My Fair Lady

Becket

Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb

Mary Poppins

Zorba the Greek

= 1

1965

BEST MOVIE

The Sound of Music

Darling

Doctor Zhivago

Ship of Fools

A Thousand Clowns

= 1

1966

BEST MOVIE

A Man for All Seasons

Alfie

The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming

The Sand Pebbles

Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf

= 0

1967

BEST MOVIE

In the Heat of the Night

Bonnie and Clyde

Doctor Dolittle

The Graduate

Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner

= 0

1968

Oliver!

Funny Girl

The Lion in Winter

Rachel, Rachel

Romeo and Juliet

= 1

1969

BEST MOVIE

Midnight Cowboy

Anne of the Thousand Days

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

Hello, Dolly!

= 0

1970

BEST MOVIE

Patton

Airport

Five Easy Pieces

Love Story

M*A*S*H

= 0

1971

BEST MOVIE

The French Connection

A Clockwork Orange

Fiddler on the Roof

The Last Picture

Nicholas and Alexandra

= 0

1972

BEST MOVIE

The Godfather

Cabaret

Deliverance

The Emigrants

Sounder

= 0

1973

BEST MOVIE

The Sting

American Graffitti

Cries and Whispers

The Exorcist

A Touch of Class

= 0

1974

BEST MOVIE

The Godfather Part II

Chinatown

The Conversation

Lenny

The Towering Inferno

= 0

1975

BEST MOVIE

One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest

Barry Lyndon

Dog Day Afternoon

Jaws

Nashville

= 0

1976

BEST MOVIE

Rocky

All the President’s Men

Bound for Glory

Network

Taxi Driver

= 0

1977

BEST MOVIE

Annie Hall

The Goodbye Girl

Julia

Star Wars

The Turning Point

= 0

1978

BEST MOVIE

The Deer Hunter

Coming Home

Heaven Can Wait

Midnight Express

An Unmarried Woman

= 0

1979

BEST MOVIE

Kraver vs. Kramer

All That Jazz

Apocalypse Now

Breaking Away

Norma Rae

= 1

1980

BEST MOVIE

Ordinary People

Coal Miner’s Daughter

The Elephant Man

Raging Bull

Tess

= 0

1981

BEST MOVIE

Chariots of Fire

Atlantic City

On Golden Pond

Raiders of the Lost Ark

Reds

= 0

1982

BEST MOVIE

Ghandi

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial

Missing

Tootsie

The Verdict

= 1

1983

BEST MOVIE

Terms of Endearment

The Big Chill

The Dresser

The Right Stuff

Tender Mercies

= 0

1984

BEST MOVIE

Amadeus

The Killing Fields

A Passage to India

Places in the Heart

A Soldier’s Story

= 0

1985

BEST MOVIE

Out of Africa

The Color Purple

Kiss of the Spider Woman

Prizzi’s Honor

Witness

= 0

1986

BEST MOVIE

Platoon

Children of a Lesser God

Hannah and Her Sisters

The Mission

A Room with a View

= 0

1987

BEST MOVIE

The Last Emperor

Broadcast News

Fatal Attraction

Hope and Glory

Moonstruck

= 2

1988

BEST MOVIE

Rain Man

The Accidental Tourist

Dangerous Liaisons

Mississipi Burning

Working Girl

= 0

1989

BEST MOVIE

Driving Miss Daisy

Born on the Fourth of July

Dead Poets Society

Field of Dreams

My Left Foot

= 1

1990

BEST MOVIE

Dances with Wolves

Awakenings

Ghost

The Godfather III

Goodfellas

= 1

1991

BEST MOVIE

The Silence of the Lambs

Beauty and the Beast

Bugsy

JFK

The Prince of Tides

= 1

1992

BEST MOVIE

Unforgiven

The Crying Game

A Few Good Men

Howards End

Scent of a Woman

= 0

1993

BEST MOVIE

Schindler’s List

The Fugitive

In the Name of the Father

The Piano

The Remains of the Day

= 1

1994

BEST MOVIE

Forrest Gump

Four Weddings and a Funeral

Pulp Fiction

Quiz Show

The Shawshank Redemption

= 3

1995

BEST MOVIE

Braveheart

Apollo 13

Babe

The Postman (Il Postino)

Sense and Sensibility

= 4

1996

BEST MOVIE

The English Patient

Fargo

Jerry McGuire

Secrets & Lies

Shine

= 0

1997

BEST MOVIE

Titanic

As Good as it Gets

The Full Monty

Good Will Hunting

L.A. Confidential

= 3

1998

BEST MOVIE

Shakespeare in Love

Elizabeth

Life is Beautiful

Saving Private Ryan

The Thin Red Line

= 3

1999

BEST MOVIE

American Beauty

The Cider House Rules

The Green Mile

The Insider

The Sixth Sense

= 1

2000

BEST MOVIE

Gladiator

Chocolat

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

Erin Brokovich

Traffic

= 3

2001

BEST MOVIE

A Beautiful Mind

Gosfrod Park

In the Bedroom

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

Moulin Rouge!

= 1

2002

BEST MOVIE

Chicago

Gangs of New York

The Hours

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

The Pianist

= 1

2003

BEST MOVIE

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

Lost in Translation

Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World

Mystic River

Seabiscuit

= 0

2004

BEST MOVIE

Million Dollar Baby

The Aviator

Finding Neverland

Ray

Sideways

= 1

2005

BEST MOVIE

Crash

Brokeback Mountain

Capote

Good Night, and Good Luck

Munich

= 0

2006

BEST MOVIE

The Departed

Babel

Letters from Iwo Jima

Little Miss Sunshine

The Queen

= 2

2007

BEST MOVIE

No Country for Old Men

Atonement

Juno

Michael Clayton

There Will Be Blood

= 1

2008

BEST MOVIE

Slumdog Millionaire

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

Frost/Nixon

Milk

The Reader

= 1

2009

BEST MOVIE

The Hurt Locker

Avatar

The Blind Side

District 9

An Education

Inglorious Basterds

Precious: Based on the Novel “Push” by Saphire

A Serious Man

Up in the Air

= 4

2010

BEST MOVIE

The King’s Speech

127 Hours

Black Swan

The Fighter

Inception

The Kids Are All Right

The Social Network

Toy Story 3

True Grit

Winter’s Bone

= 5

2011

BEST MOVIE

The Artist

The Descendants

Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close

The Help

Hugo

Midnight in Paris

Moneyball

The Tree of Life

War Horse

= 3

2012

BEST MOVIE

Argo

Amour

Beasts of the Southern Wild

Django Unchained

Les Miserábles

Life of Pi

Lincoln

Silver Linings Playbook

Zero Dark Thirty

= 4

2013

BEST MOVIE

12 Years a Slave

American Hustle

Captain Philips

Dallas Buyers Club

Gravity

Her

Nebraska

Philomena

The Wolf of Wall Street

= 4

2014

BEST MOVIE

Birdman

American Sniper

Boyhood

The Grand Budapest Hotel

The Imitation Game

Selma

The Theory of Everything

Whiplash

= 2

2015

BEST MOVIE

Spotlight

The Big Short

Bridge of Spies

Brooklyn

Mad Max: Fury Road

The Martian

The Revenant

Room

= 3

BEST ACTRESS:

Brie Larson, Room

Cate Blanchett, Carol

Jennifer Lawrence, Joy

Charlotte Rampling, 45 Years

Saoirse, Brooklyn

2016

BEST MOIVE

Moonlight

La La Land

Arrival

Fences

Hacksaw Ridge

Hell or High Water

Hidden Figures

Lion

Manchester by the Sea

= 5

BEST ACTRESS:

Emma Stone, La La Land

Isabelle Huppert, Elle

Ruth Negga, Loving

Natalie Portman, Jackie

Meryl Streep, Florence Foster Jenkins

2017

BEST MOVIE

The Shape of Water

Lady Bird

Call Me by Your Name

Get Out

Darkest Hour

Dunkirk

Phantom Thread

The Post

Three Billboards Outside Ebbig, Missouri

= 4

BEST ACTRESS:

Frances McDormand, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

Sally Hawkins, The Shape of Water

Margot Robbie, I, Tonya

Saoirse Ronan, Lady Bird

Meryl Streep, The Post

TOTAL = 71/

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thechrysalisbrewproject · 2 years ago

Text

Meet our Author: Joan Bouza Koster

Meet our Author: Joan Bouza Koster #TheChrysalisBREWProject #writerslift #ReadingCommunity #WritingCommunity #BookTwitter

About the author*** Joan Koster resides in an 1860s farmhouse filled to the rafters with books with her historian husband and a coon cat named Cleo. She has experienced many misadventures in her life, including getting sunstroke while conducting ethnographic research with shepherds in Greece, getting lost on the Rhine with only one chocolate bar and no money, and while she has never been…

View On WordPress

#featured

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kerlonsusa · 2 years ago

Text

Pinnacle miro

#PINNACLE MIRO SERIES#

In 1966 it was purchased by the Folkwang Museeum located in Essen, Germany with additional financial assistance from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Portrait of Vincent Nubiola was for a time owned by the master Pablo Picasso before being acquired by the Galerie Wilhelm Großhennig in Düsseldorf. In a later work created in 1919 entitled Self-Portrait Miró paints himself wearing a similar shirt in the exact same manner. This period is often referred to as being the pinnacle of his Catalan Fauvist period and during this. Nubiola has his collar unbuttoned, which is largely considered to be an indication of his radical political stance at the time. Portrait of Vincent Nubiola painting by Joan Miro.

#PINNACLE MIRO SERIES#

The background is decorated with a series of triangles and flat curved shapes. The painting is produced with oil on canvas and depicts Vincent Nubiola smoking a pipe whilst seated at a table on which there is a potted plant, wine decanter and fruit. Nubiola was a professor of agriculture at the nearby School of Fine Arts and they became good friends. It was whilst attending the Cercle Artístic de Sant Llucart art school in Barcelona that he met the subject of the painting, Vincent Nubiola in 1913. He started working as a bank clerk during his teenage years, but after suffering a nervous breakdown decided to concentrate solely on art. Miró was originally educated at a business school with an aspiration for a career in finance. This period is often referred to as being the pinnacle of his Catalan Fauvist period and during this time Miró was also experimenting with Cubism, as can be seen in this example. Many art academics have noted the influence of van Gogh in the painting which is typical of his output at the time. Similar to many other artists of this era Miró was greatly inspired by artists such as Paul Cézanne and Vincent van Gogh. This piece was created while Miró was just 24 years old, but is considered to be a masterpiece of his early years and his finest portrait work.

#Pinnacle miro

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schoolcalidity · 6 years ago

Photo

Henri II un anglo franco normardo que comienza una saga que explica las capas tectónicas de la historia de la dominación anglo-germana católica romana en Hispania/ Al- Andalus/ Sefarad. Se ve cómo entre ellos se casan, se matan, se reproducen y se pasan los territorios como pelotas. Guerras y competencias pero siempre entre las familias.

House of Plantagenet

Henry II

(1154–1189) is considered by some to be the first Plantagenet king of England.

Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, adopted Plantagenet as his family name in the 15th century. Plantegenest (or Plante Genest) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor Geoffrey, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy. One of many popular theories suggests the common broom, planta genista in medieval Latin, as the source of the nickname.[1]

Los Angenvins

Angevin kings of England //// Angevin Empire

Angevin is French for "from Anjou". The three Angevin kings were Henry II, Richard I and John. "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other counts and dukes of Anjou, including the ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of Jerusalem; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the Capetian House of Anjou and the Valois House of Anjou.[4] Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider Henry III to be the first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consider the first Plantagenet to be Henry II.[5][6][7][8]

Angevin zenith

Of Henry's siblings, William and Geoffrey died unmarried and childless, but the tempestuous marriage of Henry and Eleanor, who already had two daughters (Marie and Alix) through her first marriage to King Louis, produced eight children in thirteen years:[22]

William IX, Count of Poitiers (1153–1156)

Henry the Young King (1155–1183)

Matilda, Duchess of Saxony (1156–1189)—married Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria. The eldest amongst the couple's children, Richenza, is probably the daughter English chroniclers call Matilda, who was left in Normandy with her grandparents in 1185 and married firstly to Geoffrey, count of Perche, and secondly to Enguerrand de Coucy. The eldest son, Henry, became duke of Saxony and count palatine of the Rhine. His brother Otto was nominated by his uncle Richard I as earl of York and count of Poitiers before being elected emperor in opposition to the Hohenstaufen candidate. Otto was crowned in Rome but he was later excommunicated and declared deposed. Childless, Otto lost power following the defeat of the Welf and Angevin forces at the Battle of Bouvines. The youngest child, William of Winchester married Helena daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark. Their only son, also called Otto, was the sole male heir of his uncle Henry. The ducal house of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the British royal house of Windsor both descend from him.[23]

Richard I, King of England (1157–1199). He had no legitimate offspring, but is thought to have had two illegitimate sons, of whom little is known, called Fulk and Phillip, Lord of Cognac.[24]

Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (1158–1186)—married Constance daughter of Duke Conan of Brittany and became duke of Brittany by right of his wife. The couple's son Arthur was a competitor to John for the Angevin succession.[25]

Eleanor, Queen of Castile (1161–1214)—married King Alfonso VIII of Castile. The couple's children included King Henry of Castile and four queen consorts, Berengaria, Queen of Leon, Urraca, Queen of Portugal, Blanche, Queen of France and Eleanor, Queen of Aragon.[26]

Joan, Queen of Sicily (1165–1199)—married firstly King William II of Sicily and secondly Count Raymond VI of Toulouse. Her children included Raymond VII of Toulouse.[27]

John, King of England (1166–1216)

La historia se perpetua en varias generaciones y matrimonios que dejan claro que el norte de la peninsula lógicamente por mar se corresponde con Inglaterra y Francia por igual.

Henry III had nine children:[59]

Edward I (1239–1307)

Margaret of England (1240–1275). Her three children predeceased her husband, Alexander III of Scotland; consequently, the crown of Scotland became vacant on the death of their only grandchild, Margaret, Maid of Norway in 1290.[60]

Beatrice, Countess of Richmond (1242–1275). She initially married John de Montfort of Dreux, and later married John II, Duke of Brittany.

Edmund Crouchback (1245–1296), who was granted the titles and estates of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and the earldom of Leicester after Henry defeated Montfort in the Second Barons' War. Henry later granted Edmund the earldoms of Lancaster and Ferrers. From 1276, through his wife, Edmund was Count of Champagne and Brie.[61] Later Lancastrians would attempt to use Henry IV's maternal descent from Edmund to legitimise his claim to the throne, spuriously claiming that Edmund was the eldest son of Henry III but had not become king due to deformity.[62] Through his second marriage to Blanche, the widow of Henry I of Navarre, Edmund was at the centre of European aristocracy. Blanche's daughter, Joan, was queen regnant of Navarre and queen consort of France through her marriage to Philip IV. Edmund's son Thomas became the most powerful nobleman in England, adding to his inheritance the earldoms of Lincoln and Salisbury through his marriage to the heiress of Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln.[63]

Four others who died as children: Richard (1247–1256), John (1250–1256), William (c. 1251/1252–1256), Katherine (c. 1252/3–1257) and Henry (no recorded dates).

Henry was bankrupted by his military expenditure and general extravagance. The pope offered Henry's brother Richard the Kingdom of Sicily, but the military cost of displacing the incumbent Emperor Frederick was prohibitive. Matthew Paris wrote that Richard stated: "You might as well say, 'I make you a present of the moon – step up to the sky and take it down'." Instead, Henry purchased the kingdom for his son Edmund, which angered many powerful barons. The barons led by Henry's brother-in-law Simon de Montfort forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, under which his debts were paid in exchange for substantial reforms. In France, with the Treaty of Paris, Henry formally surrendered the territory of his Angevin ancestors to Louis IX of France, receiving in return the title duke of Aquitaine and the territory of Gascony as a vassal of the French king.[43]

Death of Simon de Montfort at the

Battle of Evesham

Disagreements between the barons and the king intensified. The barons, under Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, captured most of southeast England in the Second Barons' War. At the Battle of Lewesin 1264, Henry and Prince Edward were defeated and taken prisoner. De Montfort assembled the Great Parliament, recognized as the first Parliament because it was the first time the cities and boroughs had sent representatives.[64] Edward escaped, raised an army and defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.[65] Savage retribution was inflicted upon the rebels, and authority restored to Henry. With the realm now peaceful, Edward left England to join Louis IX on the Ninth Crusade; he was one of the last crusaders. Louis died before Edward's arrival, but Edward decided to continue. The result was disappointing; Edward's small force only enabled him to capture Acre and launch a handful of raids. After surviving an assassination attempt, Edward left for Sicily later in the year, never to participate in a crusade again. When Henry III died, Edward acceded to the throne; the barons swore allegiance to him even though he did not return for two years.[65]

Constitutional change and the reform of feudalism

Edward I married Eleanor of Castile, daughter of King Ferdinand of Castile, a great grandson of Henry II through his second daughter Eleanor in 1254. Edward and Eleanor had sixteen children; five daughters survived to adulthood, but only one son survived Edward:[66]

Eleanor, Countess of Bar (1264/69−1298)

Three daughters (Joan, Alice, and Juliana/Katherine) and two sons (John and Henry) born between 1265 and 1271. They died between 1265 and 1274 with little historical trace.

Joan, Countess of Gloucester (1272–1307)

Alphonso, Earl of Chester (1273–1284)

Margaret, Duchess of Brabant (1275–1333)

Mary of Woodstock (1278–1332), who became a nun

Isabella (1279–1279)

Elizabeth, firstly Countess of Holland and on widowhood, secondly Countess of Hereford (1282–1316). Among her eleven children were the earls of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton, and the countesses of Ormond and Devon.

Edward II

Two other daughters (Beatrice and Blanche), who died as children.

Following Eleanor's death in 1290, Edward married Margaret of France, daughter of Philip III of France, in 1299. Edward and Margaret had two sons, who both lived to adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child:[67]

Thomas (1300–1338), whose daughter Margaret inherited his estates. Margaret's grandson, Thomas Mowbray, was the first duke of Norfolk, but Richard II exiled him and stripped him of his titles.

Edmund, Earl of Kent (1301 to 1330). Edmund's loyalty to his half-brother, Edward II, resulted in his execution by order of the rebel Mortimer and his lover, Edward's queen, Isabella. His daughter, Joan, inherited his estates and married her own cousin, Edward the Black Prince; together, they had Richard, who later became the English king.

Eleanor (1306–1311).

Más adelante .... Fighting in the Hundred Years' War spilled from the French and Plantagenet lands into surrounding realms, including the dynastic conflict in Castile between Peter of Castile and Henry II of Castile. The Black Prince allied himself with Peter, defeating Henry at the Battle of Nájera. Edward and Peter fell out when Peter was unable to reimburse Edward's military expenses leaving him bankrupt.[75] The Plantagenets continued to interfere, and John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the Black Prince's brother, married Peter's daughter Constance, claiming the Crown of Castile in her name. He invaded with an army of 5000 men. Fighting was inconclusive before Gaunt agreed a treaty with King Juan of Castile.[76] Terms of the treaty included the marriage of John of Gaunt's daughter Katherine to Juan's son, Enrique.[77]

entonces... John of Gaunt (1340–1399), after Blanche's death in 1369, John married Constance of Castile, trying unsuccessfully to obtain the throne of Castile. The marriage produced two children:Catherine of Lancaster (1372–1418)—married Henry III of Castile, with whom she was a great-grandmother of Catherine of Aragon, first wife of Henry VIII of England.John (1374–1375)Constance died in 1394, after which John married Katherine Swynford on 13 January 1396. Their four children were born before they married. The pope legitimised them in 1396, as did Richard II by charter, on the condition that their children could not ascend the throne:John (c. 1371/1372–1410)—grandfather of Margaret Beaufort, Henry VII's mother.Henry (1375–1447)Thomas (1377–1427)Joan (1379–1440)—Joan's son, Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and her grandson, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, were leading supporters of the House of York.Edmund (1341–1402)—founder of the House of York. He had three children with Isabella of Castile:Edward (1373–1415)—killed at the Battle of Agincourt.Constance (1374–1416)Richard—(1375–1415)Blanche (1342)—died as a child.Mary of Waltham (1344–1362)—married John V, Duke of Brittany. No issue.Margaret (1346–1361)—married John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. No issue.Joan (b. 1351)Thomas (1355–1397)—murdered or executed for treason by order of Richard II; his daughter, Anne, married Edmund Stafford.Edward's long reign had forged a new national identity, reinforced by Middle English beginning to establish itself as the spoken and written language of government. As a result, he is considered by many historians in cultural respects the first 'English' post-conquest ruler.[74]

No paraban jamás! sigue la tradición:

House of York

Edward III made his fourth son Edmund the first duke of York in 1362. Edmund was married to Isabella, a daughter of King Peter of Castile and María de Padilla and the sister of Constance of Castile, who was the second wife of Edmund's brother John of Gaunt. Both of Edmund's sons were killed in 1415.

María de Padilla (c. 1334 [1]–Seville, July 1361) was the mistress of King Peter of Castile.

María Díaz de Padilla

Arms of María de Padilla

Born1334

Died August 1361 (aged 26–27)

Juan García de Padilla 1st Lord of Villagera and María González de Henestrosa

Religion

Roman Catholicism

She was a Castilian noblewoman, daughter of Juan García de Padilla (died between 1348 and 1351) and his wife María González de Henestrosa[2] (died after September 1356). Her maternal uncle was Juan Fernández de Henestrosa, the King's favorite between 1354 and 1359[3] after Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque fell out of favor, and the mediator in an apparent pardon for Fadrique Alfonso, King Peter's half-brother. She was also the sister of Diego García de Padilla, Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava.[3]María’s family, members of the regional nobility,[4] originally came from the area of Padilla de Abajo, near Castrojeriz in the province of Burgos.

She is described in the chronicles of her time as very beautiful, intelligent, and small of body.[5]

Real Monasterio de Santa Clara en Astudillo (Palencia) founded by María de Padilla

Relationship with King Peter of Castile

King Peter met María in the summer of 1352 during an expedition to Asturias to battle his rebellious half-brother Henry. It was probably her maternal uncle, Juan Fernández de Henestrosa, who introduced them, as mentioned in the chronicle of King Peter’s reign written by Pero López de Ayala.[6] At that time, María was being raised at the house of Isabel de Meneses, wife of Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque, a powerful nobleman. They became lovers and their relationship lasted until her death despite the King’s other marriages and affairs. The Padillas were raised to various offices and dignities. Her uncle, Henestrosa, became Alcalde de los fidalgos.[7]

In the summer of 1353, under coercion from family and the main court favorite, Juan Alfonso de Alburquerque, Peter wed Blanche of Bourbon, the first cousin of King John II of France. Peter abandoned Blanche within three days when he learned that she had an affair with his bastard brother Fadrique Alfonso en route to Spain, and that the dowry was not coming.

Children

María and Peter had three daughters: Beatrice (born 1354), Constance (1354–1394), and Isabella (1355–1392), and a son, Alfonso, crown-prince of Castile (1359 - October 19, 1362).

Two of their daughters were married to sons of Edward III, King of England. Isabella married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, while the elder, Constance, married John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, leading him to claim the crown of Castile on behalf of his wife. Constance's daughter, Catherine of Lancaster, married Henry III of Castile in order to reunify any claim to succession that may have passed via Constance.

El Horror que nos somete:

The Order of Calatrava (Spanish: Orden de Calatrava Portuguese: Ordem de Calatrava) was the first military order founded in Castile, but the second to receive papal approval. The papal bull confirming the Order of Calatrava as a Militia was given by Pope Alexander III on September 26, 1164. Most of the political and military power of the order dissipated by the end of the 15th century, but the last dissolution of the order's property did not occur until 1838.

Origins and foundation

It was founded at Calatrava la Vieja in Castile, in the twelfth century by St. Raymond of Fitero, as a military branch of the Cistercian family.[1][2] The etymology of the name of this military order, Calatrava, conveys the meaning: "fortress of Rabah".

Rodrigo of Toledo describes the origins of the order:

Castle of Calatrava la Nueva, former parent headquarters of the order

"Calatrava is the Arabic name of a castle recovered from the Moslems, in 1147, by the King of Castile, Alfonso VII, called el Emperador. Located in what was then the southernmost border of Castile, this conquest was more difficult to keep than to make, especially at a time with neither standing armies nor garrisons were known. In part to correct this deficiency, the military orders such as Knights Templars were founded, where men could fulfill a vow of perpetual war against the Muslim. The Templars, however, were unable to hold Calatrava, and the king found further volunteer warriors when Raymond, Abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Fitero offered himself.

Los sueños de Re-conquista.. pero cual de ellas? sino la Romana por alusión y conexiones subterráneas?

Battles during the Reconquista

The first military services of the Knights of Calatrava were highly successful, and in return for the exceptional services they had rendered they received from the King of Castile new grants of land, which formed their first commanderies. They had already been called into the neighbouring Kingdom of Aragon, and been rewarded by a new encomienda (landed estate), that of Alcañiz (1179). But these successes were followed by a series of misfortunes, due in the first instance to the unfortunate partition which Alfonso had made of his possessions, and the consequent rivalry which ensued between the Castilian and Leonese branches of his dynasty. On the other hand, the first successes of the Reconquista in the 12th century, soon met up with a new wave of Islamic warriors, the invasion of the Almohads from Morocco. The first encounter resulted in a defeat for Castile.

Battle of Alarcos

After the disastrous Battle of Alarcos, the knights abandoned their bulwark of Calatrava to the Almohads (1195). Velasquez lived long enough to witness the failure of his daring scheme. He died the next year in the monastery of Gumiel (1196).[3] The order in Castile appeared to be finished, and the branch of Aragon sought primacy. The Knights of Alcañiz actually proceeded to elect a new grand master, but the grand master still living in Castile claimed his right. Finally, by a compromise, the master of Alcañiz was recognized as second in dignity, with the title of Grand Commander for Aragon.

The scattered remains of Castilian knights sheltered in the Cistercian monastery of Cirvelos, and there began to regroup and expand. They soon erected a new bulwark, Salvatierra Castle, where they took the name, which they kept for fourteen years, of Knights of Salvatierra (1198). But Salvatierra itself fell to the Almohad Caliphate in 1209.

Summoned by Pope Innocent III, foreign crusaders joined Iberian Christians. An early battle was the reconquest of Calatrava (1212), which was returned to its former masters. In the same year the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa turned the tide of Muslim domination in Spain. Having recovered its stronghold, and resumed the title of Calatrava (1216), the order nevertheless removed to more secure quarters of Calatrava la Nueva, eight miles from old Calatrava (1218). In 1221 the Order of Monfragüe was merged into that of Calatrava.

With the decline of Muslim power, new orders sprang up, including the Alcántara in the Kingdom of León and Avis in Portugal. Both began under Calatrava's protection and the visitation of its grand master. This age marks the climax of Iberian chivalry: it was then that King Ferdinand the Saint, after the definitive coalition of Castile and León (1229), in (1235) captured the capital of the old caliphate, Cordova, soon afterwards Murcia, Jaén, and Seville. The European crusade seemed at an end. Encouraged by these victories, Ferdinand's successor, Alfonso X, the Wise, planned a crusade in the East and contemplated marching, with his Castilian chivalry, to restore the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1272).

Calatrava had developed abundant resources of men and wealth, with lands and castles scattered along the borders of Castile. It exercised feudal lordship over thousands of peasants and vassals. Thus, more than once, we see the order bringing to the field, as its individual contributions, 1200 to 2000 knights, a considerable force in the Middle Ages. Moreover, it enjoyed autonomy, being by its constitutions independent in temporal matters and acknowledging only spiritual superiors—the Abbot of Morimond and, in appeal, the pope. These authorities interfered, in consequence of a schism which first broke out in 1296 through the simultaneous election of two grand masters, García Lopez and Gautier Perez.

Lopez, dispossessed a first time by a delegate of Morimond, appealed to Pope Boniface VIII, who quashed the sentence and referred the case to the general chapter at Cîteaux, where Lopez was re-established in his dignity (1302). Dispossessed a second time, in consequence of a quarrel with his lieutenant, Juan Nuñez, Lopez voluntarily resigned in favour of Nuñez, who had taken his place (1328), on condition that he should keep the commandery of Zurita; as this condition was violated, Lopez again, for the third time, took the title of Grand Master in Aragon, where he died in 1336. These facts sufficiently prove that after the fourteenth century the rigorous discipline and fervent observance of the order's earlier times had, under the relaxing influence of prosperity, given place to a spirit of intrigue and ambition.

Peter of Castile entered into a conflict with the order. That prince had three grand masters in succession sentenced to death, as having incurred his suspicion: the first of these was beheaded (1355) on a charge of having entered into a league with the King of Aragon; the second, Estevañez, having competed for the grand mastership with the king's candidate, García de Padilla, was murdered in the royal palace, by the king's own treacherous hand; lastly García de Padilla himself, a brother of the royal mistress, fell into disgrace, upon deserting the king's party for that of his half brother, Henry the Bastard, and died in prison (1369).

The following is an incomplete list of former Grand Masters of the Order of Calatrava, the current grand master of the order is King Felipe VI of Spain

Don García (1164–1169)

Fernando Icaza (1169–1170)

Martín Pérez de Siones (1170–1182)

Nuño Pérez de Quiñones (1182–1199)

Martín Martínez (1199–1207)

Ruy Díaz de Yanguas (1207–1212)

Rodrigo Garcés (1212–1216)

Martín Fernández de Quintana (1216–1218)

Gonzalo Yáñez de Novoa (1218–1238)

Martín Ruiz de Cevallos (1238–1240)

Gómez Manrique (1240–1243)

Fernando Ordóñez (1243–1254)

Pedro Yáñez (1254–1267)

Juan González (1267–1284)

Ruy Pérez Ponce de León (1284–1295)

Diego López de Santsoles (1295–1296)

Garci López de Padilla (1296–1322)

Juan Núñez de Prado (1322–1355)

Diego García de Padilla (1355–1365)

Martín López de Córdoba (1365–1371)

Pedro Muñiz de Godoy y Sandoval (1371–1384)

Pedro Álvarez de Pereira (1384–1385)

Gonzalo Núñez de Guzmán (1385–1404)

Enrique de Villena (1404–1407)

Luis González de Guzmán (1407–1443)

Fernando de Padilla (a few months in 1443)

Alfonso de Aragón y de Escobar (end of 1443–1445)

Pedro Girón Acuña Pacheco (1445–1466)

Rodrigo Téllez Girón (1466–1482)

García López de Padilla (1482–1487)

Catholic Monarchs (from 1487 onwards)

King Juan Carlos I of Spain

King Felipe VI of Spain (Incumbent)

sigue con Isabella de Castilla una saga de la que pocos hablan para descifrar los poderes que llevamos soportando años y siglos:

Isabella was the youngest of the three daughters of King Peter of Castile by his favourite mistress, María de Padilla (d.1361).[1]

On 21 September 1371 Edward III's fourth son, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, married Isabella's elder sister, Constance (d. 1394), who after the death of their father in 1369 claimed the throne of Castile. Isabella accompanied her sister to England, and on 11 July 1372, at about the age of 17, married John of Gaunt's younger brother, Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, fifth son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, at Wallingford, Oxfordshire, as part of a dynastic alliance in furtherance of the Plantagenet claim to the crown of Castile.[2] According to Pugh, Isabella and Edmund of Langley were 'an ill-matched pair'.[3]

As a result of her indiscretions, including an affair with King Richard II's half-brother, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (d. 1400), whom Pugh terms 'violent and lawless', Isabella left behind a tarnished reputation, her loose morals being noted by the chronicler Thomas Walsingham. According to Pugh, the possibility that Holland was the father of Isabella's favourite son, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, 'cannot be ignored'.[4]

In her will Isabel named King Richard as her heir, requesting him to grant her younger son, Richard, an annuity of 500 marks. The King complied. However, further largesse which might have been expected when Richard came of age was not to be, as King Richard II was deposed in 1399, and according to Harriss, Isabella's younger son, Richard, 'received no favours from the new King, Henry IV'.[5]

Isabella died 23 December 1392, aged about 37, and was buried 14 January 1393 at the church of the Dominicans at Kings Langley.[6] After Isabella's death, Edmund of Langley married Joan Holland, sister and co-heir of Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (9 January 1382 – 15 September 1408), with whom his daughter, Constance, had lived as his mistress (see above).[7]

Isabella was appointed a Lady of the Garter in 1379.[8]

Prodecencia: The Castilian House of Burgundy[1] is a cadet brach of the House of Ivrea descended from Raymond of Burgundy. Raymond married Urraca of the House of Himénez. Two years after his death, Urraca succeeded her father and became queen of Castille and Leon; Urraca's and Raymond's offspring ruled the kingdom from 1126 up to Peter of Castile, 1369.

Origins

Raymond was the fourth son of William I, Count of Burgundy (from the House of Ivrea) and arrived in the Iberian peninsula probably in 1086 with the army of Odo I, Duke of Burgundy, who siege the city Tudela, Navarre. In April 1087 the army abandoned the siege and returned home, but Odo, Raymond and Henry (Raymond's cousin) went west at the court of Alfonso VI king of Castile and León. There, Odo arranged the marriage of king's first daughter Urraca to Raymond on 1087; the couple received the county of Galicia as dowry.[2]In 1093 Alfonso VI married his second daughter Teresa to Henry and gave them the county of Portugal, which evolved to a kingdom.[3] In 1107 Raymond died; the next year died Sancho, king's only son and in 1109 the king himself. Urraca succeeded him up to her death and then next ruler was her son Alfonso VII, first king of Castile and León from the Castilian House of Ivrea:

The founder of the family's fortunes was a petty Burgundian count named Anscar, who, with the support of his powerful brother, the archbishop of Rheims Fulk the Venerable, brought Guy III of Spoleto to Langres to be crowned King of France in 887. Their plot failing, Anscar accompanied Guy back to Italy to seek that vacant throne and, in gratefulness to Anscar, Guy created the March of Ivrea to bestow on his Burgundian faithful. Anscar's descendants held the march until 1030. Perhaps the most illustrious scion of the house was his grandson Berengar, the first of three Anscarids to be crowned king of Italy.Berengar seized the throne in 950 after the death of Lothair II. He was opposed, immediately, by Lothair's widow Adelaide, whom he imprisoned after his attempt to force her marriage to his son, Adalbert II, failed. Emperor Otto I came down the peninsula and forced him to do homage in 952. For the next eleven years, Berengar and his co-crowned son governed Italy until Otto finally formally deposed them in 963.From 1002 to 1014 Arduin of Italy held the Italian throne in opposition to the German Henry II

Castilian branch of Ivrea

Raymond, fourth son of Count William I of Burgundy, travelled to Castile-León in the late eleventh century and there married Urraca, the future monarch. She was succeeded by their son, Alfonso VII. Subsequent monarchs of Castile and León were their agnatic descendants until the 16th century, although the crown had passed to an illegitimate cadet branch, the House of Trastámara, in the late 14th century.

Country

Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of Italy

Frankish Empire

Papal States

County of Burgundy

Galicia

Castile

and

León

Ethnicity

Frankish

–

Burgundian

Founded9th century

Founder

Anscar I

Final rulerItaly:

Arduin

Burgundy:

Joan II

Castile, Galicia and León:

Peter

Orange:

Philibert

Titles

Pope (Elective)

King of Italy

King of Galicia

King of Castile

King of León

Margrave of Ivrea

Count of Burgundy

Count of Mâcon

Holy Roman Empress

Queen of France(Regent)

La hermana Constance of Castile (1354 – 24 March 1394) was claimant of the Castilian throne after the death of her father Peter, King of Castile and León, also known as Peter the Cruel. Her mother was María de Padilla, whom Peter had secretly married, but was then forced to repudiate; however he kept her as his mistress.Constance of CastileDuchess of LancasterBorn1354Castrojeriz, CastileDied24 March 1394 (aged 39–40)Leicester Castle, LeicestershireBurialChurch of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, LeicesterSpouseJohn of Gaunt, 1st Duke of LancasterIssueCatherine, Queen of CastileHouseCastilian House of IvreaFatherPeter of CastileMotherMaría de PadillaReligionRoman CatholicismConstance was married, at Roquefort, near Bordeaux, Guienne, on 21 September 1371, to John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, who was the third son of Edward III of Englandand Philippa of Hainault, as his second wife. Constance's younger sister, Infanta Isabella, married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth son of King Edward III and Queen Philippa.On 9 February 1372 Constance made a ceremonial entry into London as Queen of Castile, accompanied by Edward, the Black Prince, and an escort of English and Castilian retainers and London dignitaries. Crowds lined the streets to see her as she processed to the Savoy Palace in the Strand where she was ceremonially received by her husband, who had proclaimed himself King of Castile and León on 29 January.[1]The surrender of Santiago de Compostela to John of Gaunt. Constance is the lady on horseback.This was the way for Gaunt to obtain a kingdom of his own (he had been offered Scotland as a youth by the childless David II but nothing came of this), as his nephew Richard II and the descendants of his brother Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, stood between him and the Crown of England. John of Gaunt claimed the title of King of Castile jure uxoris, and insisted that English nobles address him as "my lord of Spain", but was unsuccessful in his attempts to obtain the crown. Their daughter Catherine of Lancaster was married to the king of the Trastámara line, Henry III of Castile, thus uniting these two rival claims.Constance died at Leicester Castle and was buried at the Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, Leicester.[2][3]

y le sigue Berengaria (Castilian: Berenguela; nicknamed the Great (Castilian: la Grande); 1179 or 1180 – 8 November 1246) was queen regnant of Castile[1] in 1217 and queen consort of León from 1197 to 1204. As the eldest child and heir presumptive of Alfonso VIII of Castile, she was a sought after bride, and was engaged to Conrad, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. After his death, she married her cousin, Alfonso IX of León, to secure the peace between him and her father. She had five children with him before their marriage was voided by Pope Innocent III.Berengaria1753 statue in MadridQueen of Castile and ToledoReign6 June – 31 August 1217PredecessorHenry ISuccessorFerdinand IIIQueen consort of LeónTenure1197–1204Born1179 or 1180BurgosDied8 November 1246 (aged 66)Las Huelgas near BurgosBurialLas Huelgas near BurgosConsortConrad II, Duke of Swabia(m. 1187; died 1196)Alfonso IX of León(m. 1197; annulled 1204)Issuemore...Ferdinand III of CastileAlfonso, Lord of MolinaBerengaria, Latin EmpressHouseCastilian House of IvreaFatherAlfonso VIII of CastileMotherEleanor of EnglandReligionRoman CatholicismWhen her father died, she served as regent for her younger brother Henry I in Castile until she succeeded him on his untimely death. Within months, she turned Castile over to her son, Ferdinand III, concerned that as a woman she would not be able to lead Castile's forces. However, she remained one of his closest advisors, guiding policy, negotiating, and ruling on his behalf for the rest of her life. She was responsible for the re-unification of Castile and León under her son's authority, and supported his efforts in the Reconquista. She was a patron of religious institutions and supported the writing of a history of the two countries.

2 notes · View notes