#jakubiak

[infinitelytheheartexpands]

two adorable people who…can never be together

[lukaszrygalo]

Tajne nauczanie w Wołominie w latach 1939-1944 (V)

Tajne nauczanie jako forma obrony wołomińskiej społeczności przed okupantem Wybuch wojny dla całej społeczności Wołomina był wielką tragedią, ale wołominiacy nie poddawali się. Od pierwszych dni wojny stawiali zdecydowany opór Niemcom. Oprócz zbrojnej walki z oprawcą jedną z form oporu było tajne nauczanie, w którym udział miało wielu nauczycieli z Wołomina i okolic. Zamykanie szkół i okrajanie…

[revelstein]

Klaun z twarzą Jakubiaka

Jest takie powiedzenie, że kto mieszka w Polsce, ten w cyrku się nie śmieje. I coś w tym jest. No, bo skoro Marek Jakubiak znów chce zostać prezydentem, no to żaden cyrk z najbardziej nawet odjazdowym klownem, nie ma po prostu szans. To nie pierwsze wyprawa owego indywiduum na Krakowskie Przedmieście i prawdopodobnie kolejna, która być może znów skończy się skandalem. Continue reading Klaun z…

[atlurbanist]

Turning oceans of blacktop into great places for people

Vast expanses of asphalt, like the one at Peters & Walker Streets in Atlanta, are not what cities need (notice the circular tire marks, obviously from dangerous behaviors enabled by this expanse).

In the second image, check out a great concept for how to use our public domain in a better way, adding space for pedestrians.

Even if there's some reason that the exact design pictured in the concept illustration isn't perfect for this exact intersection in Castleberry Hill, it's the spirit of the thing that I'm drawn to -- the idea of asking "how can we redesign this as a great urban space?" (instead of a knee jerk "we can't do that here! Atlanta's a car town!").

Source for the concept image: Tom Jakubiak on LinkedIn

https://www.linkedin.com/posts/tom-jakubiak-70bb6366_urbandesign-higways-activity-7215399700521201664-97Da

[yamayuandadu]

was mithra/mithras worshipped in mesopotamia like was his worship introduced into this area during the achaemenid and later periods? what about cities near mesopotamia like Palmyra and dura europos? also was he syncrestised With any local gods? maybe shamash

I’m sorry but due to space constraints and lack of sufficient familiarity with (or deeper interest in) most Roman mystery cults I can’t help much with the dissemination of Mithras and Mithraism on the eastern periphery. There is no evidence of his cult being present in Palmyra (Javier Teixidor, The pantheon of Palmyra, p. 106) but on the other hand it was definitely present in Dura Europos (the mithraeum discovered there is notable enough to have its own wiki page, apparently); I’m not really aware of any attestations from even further east. According to Encyclopedia Iranica, “though represented virtually everywhere in the Roman empire, it was much stronger in the Latin speaking West than in the (predominantly) Greek-speaking East”. As for Mithra proper: the oldest datable attestation of him - or a derivative, at least, since we are dealing with a highly divergent oddity with a plural name, it seems - is technically at least Mesopotamia-adjacent. 

The treaty between Suppiluliuma of the Hittite Empire and Šattiwaza of Mittani (c. 1330 BCE) lists “the Mitra-gods (d.MEŠMitraššil; the determinative signifies plurality), the Varuna-gods, Indra, the Nasatya-gods” (translation courtesy of Gary Beckman, Hittite Diplomatic Texts, p. 43) among deities invoked as witnesses on the Mittani side. As stressed most recently by Eva von Dassow in Mittani and Its Empire (published in The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East), their position is not prominent, and they do not appear anywhere else. People who try to make this attestation into a big deal are basically automatically untrustworthy. The Mitanni rulers, regardless of their origin, were culturally Hurrianized to such a degree the presence of some derivative of Mithra in a single treaty is borderline irrelevant - and it might not even be strictly speaking Mithra, but rather generic “treaty gods” (hence the plural). I’m not really aware of any Achaemenid, Arsacid or Sasanian efforts to introduce the strictly Zoroastrian version of Mithra to Mesopotamia.

Whether it’s possible to speak of any connection between Mithra and Shamash is a complex matter so that’s addressed under the cut. The material from Hatra pertains to that so it’s covered there too.

To begin with, I’m not aware of any clear case of identification between Mithra and Shamash. It’s a suggestion which sometimes pops up in scholarship, but without any conclusive evidence, as far as I am aware. It’s not entirely implausible, though.

Typically the comparisons depend on sharing both judiciary and solar roles, but it needs to be stressed here that Mithra didn’t really have strong solar associations until relatively late. This aspect of his character is absent from the Avesta, and according to his article in Encyclopedia Iranica there’s no clear evidence for him having a solar role predating Strabo’s account of Persian beliefs. Therefore, it probably only developed at some point in the Achaemenid period.

One relatively recent example of seeking possible connections between Mithra and Shamash I’ve stumbled upon is the article Mesopotamian Influence on Persian Sky-watching and Calendar. Part I. Mithra, Shamash and Solar Festivals by Krzysztof Jakubiak and Arkadiusz Sołtysiak (accessible via De Gruyter). Some quite bold claims are made there, with the supposed influence going all the way back to the Bronze Age. However, the authors provide basically no archeological evidence for early Iranian-Mesopotamian contact (they also don’t address the fact early Iranians would very obviously encounter Elamites first when moving westwards); and some of their sources indicate that a thorough survey of literature wasn’t made (in many cases outdated generalist publications are the only sources consulted). I’m reluctant to recommend it as a point of reference for this reason. It seems much more sound to seek possible influence in the Achaemenid period or beyond. However, matters are complicated by the fact that Mithra is essentially absent from some of the earliest available sources like the Persepolis fortification archives, and largely just appears in theophoric names before the reign of Artaxerxes II.

Margaret Cool Root suggests in Defining the Divine in Achaemenid Persian Kingship (published in Every Inch a King – Comparative Studies on Kings and Kingship in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds, accessible via Brill) that there is already evidence for Persians being familiar with the iconography of Shamash and his association with royal power and legitimacy during the reign of Darius I. However, she doesn’t propose any connection with Mithra, only with the semi-divine king and Ahura Mazda, and relies just on motifs in monumental art. More sound evidence is available from the early centuries CE. Michael Shenkar (Intangible Spirits and Graven Images, p. 102) notes a figure on the relief from Tang-e Sarvak might be either Mithra depicted in a similar manner to Shamash or just outright Shamash. He also proposes that an unusual depiction of the Kushan emperor Vima Kadphises rising from between mountains with rays/flames emanating from his shoulders is patterned on Shamash’s iconography (Royal regalia and 'Divine Kingship' in the pre-Islamic Central Asia, p. 58) and that Iranian and adjacent groups might have associated the images of Shamash rising from between mountains with the customary description of Mithra as responsible for surveying the world from atop Mount Harā. He points out Shamash was still depicted this way in the second century CE, as indicated by works of art from Hatra. I personally found these arguments convincing at least in terms of iconography. The situation in Hatra is somewhat unique, and requires some additional explanations, though. 

A good recent outline can be found in Aleksandra Kubiak-Schneider’s Hatra of Shamash. How to assign the city under the divine power? (there is a small mistake on p. 799 though - referring to Ereshkigal as a sister of Shamash is a questionable syllogism at best, and even her sibling credentials wrt Inanna are questionable as recently stressed by Alhena Gadotti). She argues the city god, Maran/Maren, was essentially a derivative of Shamash - or Shamash under an Aramaic title, something like “our lord”. Some of his local features are unique - for example, his symbol was an eagle, but Shamash was never associated with this bird elsewhere in earlier periods (it was mostly Zababa’s thing). Kuciak-Schneider suggests this might be an evolution of depicting him symbolically as a winged solar disk (p. 798). A slightly different view can be found in an earlier publication. Ted Kaizer in his 2000 overview article Some remarks about the religious life of Hatra states that it cannot be determined with certainty if the Shamash worshiped in Hatra was derived from the Mesopotamian god, or instead from the Arabic sun goddess (p. 234). He also the local pantheon combined “Mesopotamian, Arab, Syrian and Graeco-Roman elements” (p. 230) - but not Iranian. This obviously requires partial revision, since Lucinda Dirven in her fantastic My Lord with his Dogs. Continuity and Change in the Cult of Nergal in Parthian Mesopotamia does demonstrate at least a degree of Iranian influence on the worship of Nergal in Hatra. However, all I dug up in the case of Mithra is a handful of Iranian theophoric names listed by Enrico Marcato in Personal Names in the Aramaic Inscriptions of Hatra: Daosha-Mithra (“Mithra is my friend”), Mithra, Mithra-bandag (“servant of Mithra”) and Mithra-dāta (“given by Mithra”). It doesn’t seem these have any deeper implications than that there were some people with an Iranian background in Hatra, though. Marcato states that the presence of an actual cult of Mithra in Hatra is implausible (p. 167) and has been already disproven in the 1970s by Han J. W. Drijvers in the article Mithra at Hatra? Some remarks on the problem of the Irano- Mesopotamian syncretism, which I tragically failed to find online. For what it’s worth, he also notes some of the same theophoric names occur in material from Palmyra as well.

[blueiscoool]

Archaeologists in Armenia Discover an Ancient ‘Golden Tomb’

It's the latest find from a joint Polish and Armenian excavation effort begun in 2013.

Archaeologists at Metsamor, an ancient necropolis in Armenia, have discovered a tomb filled with gold pendants and more than a hundred amber and carnelian beads. Dating to the late Bronze Age (1,300 to 1,200 B.C.E.), the grave also held the remains of a man and a woman, who appear to have be buried at the same time.

“Their death is a mystery to us, we do not know the cause, but everything indicates that they died at the same time, because there are no traces of tomb reopening,” Krzysztof Jakubiak, an archaeology professor at the University of Warsaw, said in a statement.

Laid to rest in an eternal embrace, the couple was buried in a cist, a stone-lined chamber dug into the ground. Believed to have died in their 30s, one wore bronze bracelets, the other a tin wire ring.

The grave also included a wooden burial bed, a faience flask, and about a dozen ceramic vessels. According to researchers, the beads and pendants were originally part of three necklaces, and the flask would have been imported from the Syrian-Mesopotamian borderland.

The research project at the Ararack Valley is a joint effort the Polish Center of Mediterranean Archaeology at the University of Warsaw and Armenia’s Service for the Protection of Historical Environment and Cultural Museum-Reserves, led by Jakubiak and Ashot Piliposian. The partnership has been ongoing since 2013, according to the Greek publication Archaeology; an exhibition of their findings opened last fall at the Armenian History Museum in nearby Yerevan.

To date, archaeologists have discovered about 100 graves in the cemetery, but the newly found golden tomb is one of the few that were not looted prior to the start of excavations in 1965. The cist graves would have been covered with burial mounds of earth that have eroded over the centuries.

Because the ancient Armenians do not appear to have been illiterate, and left behind no written records, archaeologists know little about Metsamor society. The walled settlement was at its height from 4th to the 2nd millennium B.C.E., with temple complexes surrounding a central fortress.

“It was a very large settlement. Even fortifications made of huge stone blocks have survived to our times, encircling the so-called citadel on the hill,” Jakubiak said. “There was no other settlement in the region that could be compared in terms of importance and size.”

By Sarah Cascone.

[klubidzpanstad]

Marian naucza demokracji

Ruszyła kampania wyborcza do wyborów parlamentarnych a wraz z nią do pracy zabrały się media sympatyzujące ze swoimi obozami politycznymi oraz niezliczone organizacje, fundacje i inny aktyw partyjny z każdej ze stron. Ciekawa okazała się także karuzela kandydatur na parlamentarzystów, wśród której objawiły się prawdziwe rodzynki. Do Konfederacji powrócił, goszczący często w sekciarskich audycjach Dobromir Sośnierz, któremu w oczy zajrzało widmo utraty mandatu posła, jego kolega buntownik Artur Dziambor, także częsty gość IPP przykleił się do tzw. Trzeciej Drogi, na listy PiS wciągnięci zostali ludzie od dawna pracujący na względy partii rządzącej czyli Marek Jakubiak i Robert Bąkiewicz. Niemałe zamieszanie wytworzyło się wokół miejsca na liście Koalicji Obywatelskiej dla Romana Giertycha a także Bogusława Wołoszańskiego i lidera AgroUnii Michała Kołodziejczaka.

Media po stronie PiS natychmiast wyciągnęły sprawę współpracy ze służbami PRL Wołoszańskiemu, przypominały, że Giertych nie zjawia się w Polsce z obawy przed aresztowaniem gdyż ma poważne problemy z prawem zaś Kołodziejczakowi wyciągnięto wszystkie idiotyczne wypowiedzi i zachowania  a tych było sporo więc było z czego korzystać i trudno dziwić się, że zostały użyte w walce wyborczej.

Jednak w tym samym czasie gdy na Kołodziejczaku, Wołoszańskim czy Giertychu nie zostawiano suchej nitki wypominając nawet dawną krytykę PO, Unii Europejskiej czy samego Donalda Tuska w trasę po kraju wyruszyli aktywiści sympatyzujący z PiS a zorganizowani przez środowisko bliskie Gazecie Polskiej i TV Republika.

Inicjatywa o nazwie „Akademia demokracji” ma w założeniu deklarowanym wzmacniać społeczeństwo obywatelskie w kluczowym dla systemu demokratycznego wymiarze czyli zajmować się sprawami szeroko związanymi z wyborami, była m.in. cyklem spotkań w różnych miastach, podczas których do udziału w wyborach zachęcali np. publicyści przychylnych władzom mediów. W ten oto sposób nauczycielem demokracji, wykładowcą „Akademii demokracji” został Marian Kowalski (któremu miejsca na listach jednak nie zdecydowano się zaoferować), który w towarzystwie red. Adriana Stankowskiego z TV Republika dzielił się z wyborcami swoją wiedzą o demokracji. Niedawny współpracownik sekty dla której przez 2,5 roku niemal codziennie wulgarnie opluwał Polaków i katolików wysłany został w teren by tym samym ludziom opowiadać o demokracji i zachwalać rządzącą partię. Kowalskiemu, w przeciwieństwie do Kołodziejczaka nikt dawnych wypowiedzi nie wyciąga a jest tego o stokroć więcej niż w przypadku lidera AgroUnii i są to naprawdę rzeczy obrzydliwe. Kowalskiego przyjęto na służbę w charakterze „narodowca” i do dziś wciskany jest on widzom mediów Tomasza Sakiewicza jako przejęty losem Polski patriota i człowiek o czystych intencjach.

[gotomaszokrutablog]

Marek Jakubiak: Musimy doprowadzić do wcześniejszych wyborów

[head-post]

Poland’s Duda displeased with PiS-backed presidential candidate

Polish President Andrzej Duda voiced his displeasure with the new presidential candidate from his party, Karol Nawrocki, Euractiv reported.

Duda is due to finish his second term in 2025 and will not be able to run for another term. Therefore, PiS was forced to find another candidate for next year’s elections. The choice fell on Nawrocki, the president of the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN).

Speaking about the presidential candidates at a press conference in Armenia last week, Duda forgot Nawrocki but recalled the names of the remaining nominees, including Donald Tusk of the Civic Coalition and Rafał Trzaskowski, the incumbent mayor of Warsaw.

I like the fact that the formation of the group of candidates for Polish president is ongoing. […] The Civic Coalition has presented its candidate, Mr Rafał Trzaskowski. PiS supports the civic candidate… Mr Karol Nawrocki.

Experts speculate that Duda may have felt insulted that he was not even asked about what happens next with the presidential election. Agata Adamek from the private TVN24 channel claimed:

He feels like a politician who actually accomplished a task that, when he was running for president, seemed impossible.

According to Adamek, Duda allegedly considered national-oriented candidate Sławomir Mentzen “a more interesting candidate.” Mentzen, 38, is co-chairman of the Confederation Party and has served in the Polish parliament since last year.

Poland is due to hold presidential elections on 11 or 18 May 2025. The speaker of parliament, Szymon Hołownia, will set the date on 8 January. Five candidates have been nominated for the presidency: in addition to Trzaskowski, Nawrocki and Mentzen, Hołownia and the Republican Marek Jakubiak plan to compete for the presidency.

Read more HERE

[whencyclopedfr]

Interview: Site Archéologique de Metsamor

Metsamor, situé à 32 km à l'ouest d'Erevan, en Arménie, est l'un des sites archéologiques les plus intéressants du Caucase. D'abord colonisée et fondée en tant que ville de l'âge du bronze, Metsamor fut habitée de façon continue par des populations sous la domination urartéenne jusqu'au début de l'ère moderne, ce qui en fait un site archéologique particulièrement riche. James Blake Wiener (alors directeur de la communication de World History Encyclopedia) s'entretient avec le professeur Krzysztof Jakubiak (directeur de l'équipe polonaise chargée des fouilles arméno-polonaises à Metsamor) au sujet des travaux archéologiques entrepris sur le site par son équipe et de l'importance de Metsamor dans la région.

Lire la suite...

[1234567ttttttttttt]

M. Jakubiak: Sikorski siedział w Białym Domu i nawet na chodnik go nie w...

[tn10y]

Three reasons to now worry about DAFC

🆕 📝 ⚽️ In November, I wrote an article about why it was not time to worry about #DAFC. However, four months on and with no win since early December, there are reasons to be skittish. 👱‍♂️ Michael Wood 🤝 Shares appreciated. 🔗👇

By Michael Wood Injuries have hurt and continue to Just when Dunfermline felt they were getting over their injury issues, the news dropped that Sam Fisher is to miss six to eight weeks with a calf complaint. He joins Aaron Comrie, Andrew Tod, Craig Wighton, Kane Ritchie-Hosler and Kyle Benedictus in the treatment room, but, hopefully, Alex Jakubiak, Matty Todd and Rhys Breen are imminently…

[casualflowerglitter]

Touch in close adult relationships increases oxytocin levels, and when that touch is paired with a positive interpretation of the touch, it leads to lowered stress and could cause cognitive changes that increase both relational and psychological well-being (Holt-Lunstad, Birmingham, & Light, 2008; Jakubiak & Feeney, 2017).

[therealefl]

Carlisle United Eyeing Up Move For Title Winning Scottish Striker

Carlisle United Eyeing Up Move For Title Winning Scottish Striker

Carlisle United have been heavily linked with Dundee striker Alex Jakubiak, according to reports from the Daily Record. Jakubiak is set to become a free agent this summer, with both the club and player deciding to part ways. The 26-year-old is coming off a solid season and will no doubt receive plenty of interest in the transfer window. This was the Scotsman’s third season with Dundee, and by…

[studenttransteacher]

Colonialization is naturally dehumanizing. Let's explore how Phillip Noyce's 2002 Film "Rabbit-Proof Fence" flips traditional hegemonic standards by proving that being a colonizer is much more barbaric and animalistic than those they are colonizing.

My essay investigates Rabbit-Proof Fence's use of comparison between humans hunting animals for a food and survival resource and how the white colonizers hunt the runaway aboriginal characters.

Read my essay below:

[motylowy]

Jak widzę nagłówki

"Tomasz Jakubiak z "MasterChef Junior" schudł bez drastycznej diety. "Był Tomek i nie ma Tomka""

"Ile można schudnąć w miesiąc? Zastosuj się do 4 zasad, a boczki będą znikać w oczach"

"Dlaczego jedna osoba chudnie, a druga tyje? Chodzi m.in. o bakterie"

"Przez pięć dni testowałam dietę od Joanny Krupy. Zaskoczeń nie brakowało"

pojawiające się na pierwszej stronie mimo, że nigdy nie wyszukuje i nie wchodzę w takie materiały, to jedyne o czym marzę w tym momencie, to, żeby schudnąć. Czuje się wtedy obrzydliwie we własnym ciele. Fakt, że czytam takie nagłówki przy napadzie powoduje, że czuje się gorszx od innych.