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intersex-questions · 2 years ago

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hihi!!

what counts as intersex? Is it just genitalia? Also i never knew intersex came in variants 😭 can u give some examples of some intersex variants ?

Thank u for all ur help and this blog 🤍🤍🤍🤍🤍

This is a super duper long answer! Apologies for that. If you have more questions please ask! I've sorted this by your questions.

CW: Discussion of genitalia, illustrated image of genitalia (at the very end with an additional reminder content warning)

What counts as intersex?

This is a great question! First off, no, it’s NOT just genitalia, although that’s a common misconception!

This is how I personally define intersex:

Intersex- An umbrella term to describe individuals who have sex characteristics naturally found in their body that do not fit the societal standard of a traditional standard of a male or female body. These sex characteristics can include but aren't limited to: abnormal puberty, fertility, genitalia, and/hormonal levels.

It’s important to note that one can only be considered intersex if they were born that way, or, along the way in their life, develop those traits due to their body’s natural processes and NOT from HRT (hormone replacement therapy, like testosterone and estrogen, HRT can cause changes in sex characteristics that cause an individual’s body to no longer fit the societal and traditional standards of what the correct male or female body is like).

InterAct also has a definition I quite like:

"The term intersex is an umbrella term that refers to people who have one or more of a range of variations in sex characteristics that fall outside of traditional conceptions of male or female bodies. For example, intersex people may have variations in their chromosomes, genitals, or internal organs like testes or ovaries. Some intersex characteristics are identified at birth, while other people may not discover they have intersex traits until puberty or later in life." -InterACT

You might be thinking, “what are sex characteristics?” Understanding sex characteristics are very key to understanding what intersex is AND how broad of a spectrum it is.

Sex characteristics can be sorted into primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics. Primary sex characteristics of the genitalia, the part of the body that’s function is for sexual reproduction. Secondary sex characteristics are any other characteristics that are commonly associated with its primary sex and often occur during puberty.

Primary sex characteristics in what is traditionally considered female includes but isn’t limited to:

The vulva

The vagina

The clitoris

The uterus

The inner and outer labia

Secondary sex characteristics in what is traditionally considered female includes but isn’t limited to:

Increased breast tissue after puberty

Increased pubic hair and armpit hair after puberty (traditional standards dictate that this is less than in “males”)

Body composition (increased body fat percentages in areas like the butt and hips after puberty)

Pitch of voice (higher than “males”/becomes shrill after puberty)

Enlargement of uterus and vagina

Narrowing of the shoulders after puberty

Widening of the hips after puberty

Releasing of egg cells (menstruation/periods)

Nearly anything affected within the body whether internally or externally due to a traditional puberty

Primary sex characteristics in what is traditionally considered male includes but isn’t limited to:

The penis

The scrotum

The testis

The prostate gland

Seminal vesicles

Secondary sex characteristics in what is traditionally considered male includes but isn’t limited to:

Lack of breast tissue

Increased pubic, armpit, facial hair, chest hair, and overall body hair (traditional standards dictate that this is more than in “females”)

Body composition (increased muscular tone after puberty)

Pitch of voice (deeper than “females” after puberty)

Enlargement of the penis after puberty

Widening of the shoulders after puberty

Production of sperm cells

Nearly anything affected within the body whether internally or externally due to a traditional puberty

Once you understand primary and secondary sex characteristics, you can begin understand what those are supposed to look like traditionally in any given society for their designated sexes. In the USA at least, it is expected that a vagina be a certain width, that a clitoris is below a certain size and that the penis is above a certain size, and more. A significant number of places and people (not all, and it’s definitely more than it used to be due to Westernization and colonization) in the world use a binary system of male and female with expectations in what each body is supposed to look like, function as, and so on.

What are intersex variants?

Intersex variants are simply any type of variant of being intersex. Intersex variants are also synonymous with intersex conditions. Different intersex people will give you different answers on what classifies as being intersex. This is a point of discussion and argument within the community. Medical professionals also often argue on this, however their opinions are often disregarded by many intersex people as they themselves are not the ones being affected by being intersex, and intersex people have a history of being medically modified without consent by doctors.

I am extremely liberal with what I consider being intersex. I am making this clear to let you know my information will be biased towards a more inclusive stance to what is considered intersex.

An intersex variant is often defined with a specific medical diagnosis or term that describes what it is. However, not all intersex people fit into an easy medical diagnosis or simply cannot be diagnosed as what intersex condition they have. Some people (more conservative on the definition of intersex) often believe you need to have a medical diagnosis to be intersex. Other people (more liberal) often believe you only need to be able to recognize that you fall on the intersex spectrum on your own.

What are some examples of intersex variants?

Probably the easiest to understand intersex variation is ovotestis/true hermaphroditism.

DISCLAIMER: Please note that hermaphrodite, a term used to mean someone who is physically both “male” and “female”, is considered a slur and offensive term towards intersex people. You should not call an intersex person a hermaphrodite. Some intersex people reclaim it for themselves, but don’t call someone that unless they explicitly want to be called that. (Animals who are biologically both “male” and “female” are referred to as hermaphrodites. In this case, it is not offensive. Just remember it IS offensive towards humans.) Intersex is an alternative, non-offensive, more inclusive term than hermaphrodite.

True hermaphroditism is also referred to as ovotesticular syndrome/ovotestis (with a preference on it being called ovotestis). This is what most people imagine when they think of intersex. However, it is not the most common intersex variation and actually one of the rarest. There are also many misconceptions about it. This is when someone is born with both ovarian and testicular tissue. People with this intersex variation/condition might have both functioning testes and ovaries, but not all do. People with this also almost always have some level of both a penis and vagina/vulva. But having this condition is also a spectrum of itself, so not everyone is the same.

(The following is from a very inclusive view of intersex.)

Some VERY common examples of intersex variations are: Clitoromegaly, gynecomastia, and a micropenis.

Clitoromegaly is when one has a clitoris above the size of what is considered socially acceptable. This is often caused by increased testosterone or development within the womb. Some people believe that you must have other symptoms alongside clitoromegaly to be intersex, however I personally believe that any variation, especially in primary sex characteristics, count as intersex. This usually presents itself during puberty, but can be born this way as well. Many people born with clitorises that are seen as “too large” are surgically modified to make them smaller without their consent at birth.

Gynecomastia is the overdevelopment of breast tissue in males past the point what is considered socially acceptable. This isn’t to be confused with fat tissue on the pectorals and not to be confused with muscular development on the pectorals. I think even more people might view this as something that needs other symptoms alongside it to be considered intersex, but I consider it intersex, especially since it is extremely stigmatizing and ostracizing to have and often leads to medical modification to remove breast tissue.

A micropenis is when someone has a penis that is significantly smaller than what is considered the average or socially acceptable size for a penis. There are various medical standards for what a micropenis is. Again, not all would consider this inherently intersex, and I can understand cases where a micropenis wouldn’t be intersex, but in many cases, I am of the opinion that it is an intersex condition. Clitoromegaly and a micropenis are often confused at birth by doctors who decide that if the structure is large enough, it is a penis and the baby is a boy, and if it is small enough, it is a clitoris and it is a girl. Steps are often then taken to reduce the size of the clitoris in this case. A micropenis is often comorbid (occurs along with) gynecomastia.

One of the most common intersex variations/conditions in my opinion is PCOS. Please note there is a large number of people who argue that this isn’t intersex. PCOS stands for polycystic ovary syndrome. Individuals with this have enlarged ovaries that often develop cysts. Symptoms of PCOS can be hyperandrogenism (excess testosterone/more testosterone than socially acceptable), acne, and excess body hair.

(This ends information that is in a more inclusive view of intersex.)

Many intersex conditions/variations are connected to differences in one’s chromosomes. It is socially understood that “males” are born with XY chromosomes and that “females” are born with XX chromosomes.

@intersex-support has a (non-exhaustive) list of intersex variations here.

One thing that also helps understanding intersex overall is you can imagine “biological sex” on a slider almost, from male to female. Once people start to have traits that aren’t enough on one end or the other, they’re considered intersex. The causes for this can be many. This case doesn’t account for as many secondary sex characteristics though, but it does help in understanding genitalia specifically.

Here are two images that I think can help in understanding the spectrum that is intersex. They don’t offer a complete view of the spectrum, but do help.

CW for illustrations of genitalia.

I no longer have credit to the artist or creator of this as it was saved to my computer. If you know the creator, please tell me so I can credit.

End CW

This image/chart is more complicated and still non-exhaustive, but it is fun to look at and explore.

Credit for this image goes here.

Again, sorry for this being so long! And truly, if you have more questions, I'd love to answer.

If anyone sees any errors whether it be typos, grammatical errors, or informational errors, I'll correct them as soon as possible, just point it out.

#fren-in-your-computr #asks #questions #intersex #i like your icon also i saw it and was like omg! lyra is in my inbox!#undescribed #<- the images are undescribed because i genuinely don't know how to describe that chart i am so sorry!#to any visually impaired folks the link to the chart I mention might has information explaining it but I dont know if it has any IDs #genitalia

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miratiwari-7 · 5 months ago

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Best One Wall Decompression Surgery in India

One wall decompression is corrective surgery for a particular eye condition available at our clinics in India. The eyes are the most sensitive organ for any surgery and treatment of the human body. Especially when conditions are affecting eyesight due to certain factors. The eyesight of a patient can be affected due to pressure on the optic nerve or optic neuropathy. Therefore, it may be necessary to perform urgent orbital wall decompression surgery by top cosmetic surgeons to prevent any further loss of vision.

Orbital wall decompression surgery in India involves the removal of the bony walls of the eye orbit, and this removal creates extended space for the inflamed orbital tissues. In many cases, the process can help relieve the throttling symptoms of the optic nerve and may allow recovery of eyesight.

Mild eye proptosis or bulging on the eyes can be treated with lateral wall decompression, creating extra space by removing part of the outer (lateral) wall of the eye orbit. Removing the eye orbit wall has the lowest rate of complications. One wall decompression or two or more wall decompression in most cases can provide a useful reduction in the signs of thyroid-related diseases.

What Is The Need For One Wall Decompression?

Thyroid-related eye disease can cause orbital congestion in the eyes. If the symptoms of proptosis are minimal, one-wall decompression surgery is not suggested, instead, squint surgery or eye muscle surgery may be used to improve any double vision. Eyelid surgery is another option that can improve the appearance of eyelid closure.

For mild proptosis cases, one wall decompression alone can treat by taking advantage of the adjacent ethmoid sinuses at The Esthetic Clinics in India. Patients at our clinics in Mumbai are educated about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of the one wall decompression procedure including bleeding, infection, loss of vision, double vision, and need for any other surgery.

Why Does Thyroid-Related Eye Disease Occur?

Inflammation of the tissues of the eye socket of a patient can cause signs of thyroid-related eye diseases in the eyes. Inflamed tissues of the eyes can become swollen and congested causing the proptosis or sore/red eyes of the patient. Swelling of the eye muscles reduces the ability of the eyes to shorten and lengthen eyelids which affects eye movements.

What To Do To Prevent One Wall Decompression Surgeries?

At present, there are four factors known to affect the outcome of thyroid eye diseases which is why one wall decompression is needed. Two of the reasons are age and sex which are hard to change or control. The other two factors that can be controlled are thyroid gland activity control by regular checking by taking blood tests at clinics nearby and no smoking. In recent years it has become evident that smoking can seriously worsen thyroid condition-related diseases carrying a significant risk of blindness. Smoking is injurious for everyone, patients can visit clinics in India to get help which in turn may help avoid one-wall decompression surgery as well.

What Is One Wall Decompression Surgery?

One wall compression surgery is a surgery that involves the removal of one wall of bone kind of muscles surrounding the eye orbit to allow the eyes to have space for excess bulging orbital inflammation. Surrounding muscles of the eye including nerves and other tissues of fat all fit inside the skull’s eye orbit. This orbit further has its corresponding organs, the brain and sinuses in place in the front and below. Between both orbits for eyes lies the space for the nasal cavity and sinuses.

Every part of the skull has a fixed fit of muscles and tissues to function perfectly. Most of the supporting muscles of the jaw and surrounding orbits have just enough space for them. However, when a patient is suffering from a thyroid disease that is affecting their eyes, these muscles can expand in size. The expansion can make the eyes have lesser space to suffice inside the walls of the orbit forcing the excess mass to protrude from the eye ahead. This can give way to a bulging of the eyes.

One wall decompression surgery by our expert surgeon at The Esthetic Clinics can help the patient with such condition to get better with surgical intervention to make space for the excess muscle mass. The decompression essentially means taking the pressure away from the eyes because of the enlarged and swollen tissue beneath the orbit. The surgery will gently remove the bony part of the eye from one wall and make way for the rehabilitation. Making way for the proptosis symptoms of the eyes.

What Are The Risks Of Orbital Decompression Surgery?

Like every surgical incident, one wall decompression surgery is a serious surgery that can have various risks and complications lingering with it. Patients are supposed to permanently alter the natural construction of the walls of the orbit. Therefore, the decision to go ahead with the decompression procedure should be taken into consideration only after a detailed and thorough consultation with an expert cosmetic surgeon.

Here are some of the attached risks with the process of decompression:

Permanent loss of eyesight in the eyes with surgery or both of the eyes. However, the chances of loss of sight are rare but possible. A patient can choose to get one eye treated at one time to avoid the risk of losing sight in both eyes.

Blood thinners can cause critical danger to a surgical procedure. Therefore, most cosmetic surgeon would instruct their patients to stop regular medication used for thinning blood as early as 3-4 weeks before surgery. Heart patients would require a consultation with their cardiologist to make sure stopping the medication does not alter their health.

Bruising and swelling is a very common side effect of such surgeries especially when any sensitive organ is involved like the eyes. Swelling often subsides as time passes in the recovery phase.

Double vision can occur if it was not already a symptom or may worsen as an effect of this surgery in many cases. Again this is also a rare occurrence but is possible one wall decompression surgery complication. Scars resulting from the surgery will not be much visible as they melt into the laughing lines at the corner of the patients’ eyelids.

Wobbling vision is another condition that can impact and irritate the patient a lot. In many cases, the patient might experience a wobbling sight whenever chewing or eating anything after the surgery. However, this condition would often settle soon in almost all cases.

Risk of losing a life.

How Is One Wall Decompression Surgery Done?

After evaluation and assessment of the patient by an expert cosmetic surgeon, the surgery is performed under an anaesthetic. The patient might need to stay hospitalized for one night after the one-wall decompression surgery. The duration of the surgery depends on the severity of the case and whether wall decompression is needed in one or both eye orbits of the patient. The surgical operation can take around 3-4 hours depending on various factors.

Eyes are covered with a padded bandage after the surgery which is removed the next morning. Patients are given an oral antibiotics course by their cosmetic surgeon. Prescription of steroids and eye drops is often advised with an appointment scheduled for a follow-up visit in two weeks’ time.

The Thing To Keep In Mind Before Surgery?

Our team at The Esthetic Clinics will discuss everything that a patient has to take care of before their scheduled surgery for one wall decompression. Here are some of the precautionary things to note:

Putting all courses of blood thinners on hold and prescription or non-prescription medication that might thin the blood significantly before the scheduled time of surgery.

Consultation with other doctors, such as a family doctor or patient’s cardiologist.

Custodian arrangement and confirmation before the schedule of the surgery as the patient would need someone else to drive them home.

Aftercare & Recovery

Protective padded bandages are placed on the site operation. One of the best plastic surgeons would gently remove the pads before leaving for home.

The expert would also suggest suitable cleansers for face cleaning and maintenance following surgery.

Sleeping with an additional pillow might help to reduce bruising as well as swelling.

Driving needs to be avoided, notably with double vision episodes of after-effects.

The patient should be careful of their sensitive eyes and schedule an appointment for a general follow-up after 2 weeks of the surgery with our team at The Esthetic Clinics.

Dr. Debraj Shome and his well-appointed team of cosmetic surgeons and staff will do everything in their capacity to evaluate and start the treatment promptly. Cosmetic surgeries require dedicated expertise and quality treatment at a clinic of trust. Consult with our expert cosmetic surgeon in Mumbai for a better understanding of the surgical treatment and one-wall decompression surgery cost. Dr. Debraj Shome, heading the team at our clinics in Mumbai has world-famous expertise in cosmetic surgery. Make sure to visit our clinics in Mumbai to get one-wall decompression surgery treatment.

#OneWallDecompression #OrbitalDecompression #ThyroidEyeDisease #GravesDisease #OrbitalSurgery #EyeSurgery #VisionRestoration #OphthalmicSurgery #SurgicalDecompression #OculoplasticSurgery #EyeHealth #ThyroidEyeCare #EyeSurgeon #OrbitalSurgeon #EyeSurgeryRecovery #surgery #treatment #surgeon

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despazito · 5 years ago

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Here’s my submission for Wallace ll!

The Maiapeltids (”Mother Sheilds”) are a family of megafauna derived from the ancient ambulospeculids on Wallace ll, notable for their convergent Earth mammal-like qualities. Trading in the armoured exoskeleton for a more dynamic endoskeleton allowed for the development of a more complex muscular system. Maiapeltids have also evolved a thick outer dermis and a coat of coarse, hair-like fibers covering most of their bodies. Maiapeltids are further fortified with armored plates on their heads, back, first legs, and large crests. Taking advantage of Wallace ll’s lighter gravity they are able to bulk up to such great extents with less stress on the body. Earlier species may have been more heavily armored and resembled the Polyaspids, whereas more derived Maiapeltids have reduced plates or even osteoderm-like plating under the skin.

The central proboscis on Maiapeltids has been reduced to an orifice fortified with bone-like jaws and sharp serrated edges like teeth. since these are not true teeth with roots, a disadvantage is that they cannot be regenerated which can become painful for old individuals who have worn them down. Meanwhile the other two proboscises have become very muscular and dexterous, capable of gripping food and guiding it to the mouth. These proboscises are similar to elephant trunks. They can no longer ingest food with them, but as a vestigial mouth they have a small opening with highly modified hypodermic “fangs” and venom glands. The venom was first adapted for self defense, however more derived lineages like Platyaspsis and Rhinacheirus can use them to hunt prey.

The compound eyes of early Ambulospeculids have instead become one lens adapted to a diurnal lifestyle. Vision is still weak and primarily senses movement, therefore Maiapeltids rely more on their sensitive whiskers, proboscises, and enlarged olfactory organ to search for food. The olfactory organ is separate from the respiratory system, with two sets of three ‘nostrils’ on each side of the beak. This beak is adapted from the frontmost plate on ancestral ambulospeculids, and is detached from the rest of the skull. It is somewhat dexterous, not unlike Earth’s parrot bills.

The Maiapeltids are generally slow, tanky herbivores. They feed on Polyspeculates, and with their beaks they are capable of crushing their bony exterior to feed on the nutritious insides. Some more active or adventurous members will prey on moving Sidobosians. Maiapeltids are notably quadrupedal, with the two anterior pairs of legs becoming highly specialized in different ways. The frontmost pair retain an ancestral segmented appearance and typically aid in defense, protecting the vulnerable neck area and its respiratory holes, but may also help with foraging activities or social displays.

The second pair of legs are what gives the Maiapeltids the other half of their name, having evolved into a fortified pouch, which is present and fully functional in both the female and the male. The pouch evolved as a more effective way of transporting eggs and young that were once simply carried, the limbs then developed skin webbing eventually connecting the arms together. It differs from the Earth Marsupial pouch due to the presence of bones, making this pouch more of a “chamber” and incubator. The Maiapeltid egg is amniotic with a thick but porous shell. The bony chamber allows the egg to remain intact even when the parent is bearing weight on the belly.

This adaptation is thought to have evolved as a result of unpredictable climate and food supply. Previously, a Maiapeltid would have to abandon its nest or helpless young who were too weak to spontaneously migrate, or would fall prey to opportunistic predators. Eggs and small babies were easy to snatch, as most other aliens could easily outspeed the slow parents. Now, young stay in the pouch whenever they aren’t grazing until they are strong enough to have a chance at defending themselves. Some can even graze while still having the rest of the body in the pouch.

Today there are four extant genera of Maiapeltid: Polyaspis, Platyaspis, Gigantodendranops, and Rhinacheirus.

Polyaspis most resembles its’ more primitive ancestors by body plan and behaviour, but has sophisticated armour plating moreso than any other genera. These Maiapeltids are strict grazers and quite passive creatures. They will form herds but generally are not social with each other apart from mating.

Platyaspis is named after its more flattened, reduced plates. They are considerably more active than polyaspis species and are generalists, giving them a larger distribution. Although they still rely on stationary greens, they will take an opportunity to scavenge a carcass or even hunt small prey. They are notable for having sharp serrated beaks and fangs. Platyaspis acridon has the most complex social behaviour of all observed Maiapeltids, they are known to butt heads and fight over carcasses or mates. They can form small packs or pairs to share a territory with.

Gigantodendranops titan is the largest recorded Maiapeltid and its lifestyle and morphology closely resembles that of Earth’s giant ground sloths or chalicotheres. Their tall stature allows them to graze higher branches or even to knock large Celestiphytans over as they roam and form paths. This occasional forest clearing creates a unique ecosystem and individual G. titans can attract a posse of other wildlife eating their leftovers or other food that falls to forest floor by clumsy eating. They are named for their large tree-like crest used for display which is larger in the female. This genus is unique in that it primarily uses its large claws for defense.

The Rhinacheirus genus is the smallest and arguably the most derived lineage in the Maiapeltid family, who took on a completely different morphology suitable for life underground. Taking advantage of their poor eyesight they have almost completely abandoned their sight, instead relying on olfactory senses and their highly specialized branching proboscises to feel for food. These feelers have many nerve endings and are venemous, and will can grab small underground organisms guiding them into the mouth. These are also the only Maiapeltids who use venom to kill their prey, because of its small stature even smaller prey. The giant front claws of Rhinacheirus ceasus are curved like shovels making them skilled diggers, burrowing complex tunnel systems underground. This genus has the largest distribution of extant Maiapeltids, and their small size plus abundance gives them an advantage over other members of the family. If an extinction event were to occur, its likely these may become the only extant Maiapeltids..

#spec bio #wallace ll

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wikhous · 4 years ago

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Facial skin fat:

One of the most problems suffered by most people and young people especially is the fat on the skin of the face, and the distribution of fat in two forms: either it is a compound fat accumulates in the forehead and nose area and the cheeks are dry or normal, or the skin is oily in the whole face clear pores are a lot of gloss,

Causes of fat accumulation on the face:

Subcutaneous fat cells secrete fatty and oily substances that keep the skin healthy and hydrated, and protect it from infections caused by some types of bacteria and fungi, and in some cases there is an overactive activity of these glands and the flow of excess fat on the external pores of the skin, the causes of this hyperactivity are due to many factors, including genetic، Processed substances, high fat content, obesity in the body, as this activity leads to the accumulation of fat on the skin and its appearance irritatingly.

Symptoms and manifestations of the formation of skin facial fat:

As excess fat secreted in the sebaceous glands of the face area seeps into the pores of the outer skin, it will be always shiny, with a lot of pimples and acne, pallor and loss of freshness, enlarged pores, and the appearance of blackheads.

Tips for getting rid of skin face fat:

There are a few simple steps that reduce the accumulation of fat, turn normal skin into oily skin and mitigate its side effects:

Clean face continuously: Wash the face with daily washes for oily skin, avoid rubbing it strongly, rinse it gently with warm and not hot water, avoid rubbing it when dry, and maintain its cleanliness without exaggeration; because the frequent use of water to clean the face or rub it with solid soap stimulates the secretion of more fat, which will increase the problem that is supposed to Any unwanted responses are adopted and used regularly.

The viscosity of the face caused by these fats also forms a suitable environment for collecting dust and bacteria that mainly cause inflammation and acne. There are many types of lotions that can be used to reduce and reduce these fats, their secretion and alleviate their problems, where it is recommended to use chemical-free products, and can be used medical soaps that contain a moisturizing cream and do not contain alkali, thus protecting the skin from the formation of zyuan.

Remove makeup before sleeping Daily, stay away from moisturizers oily, and replace them with oil-free.

make a face mask weekly to rejuvenate the skin.

use appropriate sunscreen that is free of fats and oils.

Stay away from stress; studies have shown that stress has to do with increased secreted fat.

food quality: it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of food, and to minimize fatty foods, such as fast food, chocolate, and soft drinks, as all of them may lead to increased fat secretion, especially in the skin face

Masks and masks to relieve fat facial skin:

Yogurt: it is very useful to use yogurt for all skin types because it is rich in minerals and vitamins, useful to tighten and rejuvenate your skin, get rid of damaged skin. It can be used by mixing a spoonful of honey, a spoonful of lemon juice, a teaspoon of cornstarch, a spoonful of yogurt, a few drops of tea tree oil, then mix and grease on a homogeneous clean skin, leave for fifteen minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Rose water: contains rose water at many vitamins and antioxidants that are useful in the treatment of infections caused by accumulated fat, which creates rose water with lemon juice to fight symptoms and oily skin treatment of acne, pimples and various cereals.

Yeast :Yeast contains a large number of vitamins, especially vitamin B12, minerals and amino acids, which in turn help cleanse and disinfect the face, fight infections caused by bacteria accumulating on the accumulated fat on the skin, used by mixing a tablespoon of honey, a spoon of lemon juice, a spoon of yeast, with 3 tablespoons of water, and applied to the facial skin.

Characteristics of oily skin:

Skin experts pointed out that people with oily skin or those with a build-up of fat on the face age slower than people with normal or dry skin; because wrinkles are difficult to form and appear due to the permanent accumulation of fat on the surface of the skin, which keeps the skin always moist and smoother.

#beauty #skincare #skinmask #fat face #face skin

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jerasphealth · 4 years ago

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15 Weeks Pregnant: Body Changes, What to Eat & More

15 weeks is around the second trimester of the whole gestation period.

Body changes in the expectant mother’s body.

Weight gain-this is completely normal as the baby is going a lot more than the first trimester. Measure your weight regularly and it should be about 0.5 kg a week on average.

Enlargement of the rib cage around 2 to 3 inches to accommodate the widening of the lungs to carry more oxygen to the baby since the capacity increases.

Body pains and aches- unless they are unbearable this is completely normal. The uncomfortable pain may be a result of the growing belly that put excess pressure on the muscles and skeleton. All this to accommodate the growing fetus accompanied by the weakening of abdominal walls and increasing strain of muscles. In addition to that, hormonal levels are heightened (especially relaxin hormone) causing stretching of joints and ligaments in the body and this change correlates with back pain.

Nipples become darker and bumpier; the hormones cause the skin cell to produce more pigment. there also is the secretion of oily substance so that the nipples can become oily and soft during breastfeeding the secretion of this oil substance is due to the gland called Montgomery tubercles that are only visible during pregnancy. they are found around the nipples on the areola, they re-raised white bumps around the areola(the dark area surrounding the nipple, just like goosebumps).

Numbing, tingling Hands and feet- you’ve ever slept on your arm for a long time or sit on your leg and had that tingling feeling? That is the body’s way of telling you a particular area is not getting enough blood or you are compressing a nerve. However, this is just temporary during the second trimester and very common in the last trimester caused by carpal tunnel syndrome.

Sexual arousal(increased libido)- estrogen whose level rises during the second-trimester causes an increase of blood flow in the vulva and vagina lubrication hence heightened arousal and pleasure. The genital blood flow makes the clitoris hypersensitive. there is no harm in enjoying sex in this period is advised until the very late stages of your pregnancy.

Sensitive teeth and gums-it may be accompanied by bleeding gums especially during brushing teeth, it’s the pregnancy hormones making your gums swell hence likely to bleed. these same hormones make your sinuses to clog. If the symptoms of sinusitis are brutal seek medical help to get relieved.

Nose bleed; same thing hormonal changes cause a nose bleeds and if you are not losing a lot of blood do not be terrified as this is completely normal.

The good news is by this time nausea and vomiting symptoms are fading, unlike the first trimester, so the expectant mother is likely to get her appetite back. this is not a privilege for all women some women experience hyperemesis gravidarum which is an intense morning sickness accompanied by extreme vomiting and may require hospitalization, this may lead to complications like premature detachment of the placenta from the uterus(womb), which causes deprivation of the nutrients and oxygen to the baby. So go see the doctor!

Changes of the baby during 15 weeks of pregnancy’

From the size of kiwi fruit in week fourteen to the size of an orange or apple fascinating right? It is about 4.5 inches a nd weighs about 144 grams.

The outer part of the baby ears can be recognizable through the inner year continues to develop, hearing though not yet it's happening and you can start singing or read to that baby.

The skin is still translucent and vessels and skeleton can be seen, some bones like collar bone have already the development process through the bones from the hands and feet harden and become stronger this week.

Baby hair might appear on the scalp and eyebrows.

By 15 weeks the bay can make whole-body movements, their arms legs, stretch and breathing motions, they can go as far as sucking thumbs. When very still, focused and attentive some women can feel their baby moves as early as 15 weeks, they aren’t as strong as the “it kicked” during the 20- 22 weeks. these are first fetal movements and are known as “fluttering” and they are very subtle that some mothers don’t feel them at all.

FOOD A PREGNANT MOTHER IS ADVISED TO EAT AT 15 WEEKS A pregnant mother should consume a balanced diet to avoid pregnancy difficulties like high blood pressure, premature birth, preeclampsia (rise of blood pressure, swelling of face, hands, and feet. Although a balanced diet should be some nutrients are very essential including

Protein- this is essential for the growth of the abyss brain and other tissues to grow, it also helps the growth of the mother's uterus and breasts. for every 1kg of a mother, she should aim to eat 1.52g of protein every day. So if the expectant mother is 65 kg she should eat 98.8g of protein daily. The protein foods include lean meat(low-fat content), nuts, eggs (not undercooked to avoid the risk of salmonella), fish, and beans.

Iron; supplies oxygen to the baby and voids anemia and complications such as premature birth and pots Partum depression (feeling down after giving birth) is a mental health condition. The foods containing iron are meat (lean), green vegetables, groundnuts, cashew nuts, bread, cereal foods. Iron from animal products is absorbed way faster than that from plants. For those who are vegans foods rich in vitamin c like oranges are highly advisable

Fluids- pregnant women need to stay hydrated at all times (8-12glasses a day). Water is essential for the formation of amniotic fluid, carries nutrients and wastes to and fro respectively, produces extra blood, lack of water can cause premature labor, neural tube defects reduced milk production, and low amniotic fluid. Stay hydrated queens!

Calcium &folic acid- calcium helps to strengthen a baby's bones and teeth and improves its circulatory system. Folic acid prevents neural tube defects (birth defects of brain, spine, or spinal cord including spina bifida which is the failure of the baby’s spinal cord to develop properly and anencephaly which is a baby born with brain or incomplete skull and normally becomes stillborn or dies few hours after being born), reduces risks of premature labour.No expectant mother wants any of that to happen to her baby. So take these calcium foods which include dairy, eggs, sardines, and salmon (with bones), fruit juices and greens, and foods containing folic acid include oranges, grains, green vegetables, cereals, and legumes. The folic acid increment is available as one may not get enough from foods.

Vitamin D and fatty acids – like calcium vitamin d in building the baby’s bones and teeth.it is not present in many foods but can be obtained from the morning sun even though the body generates it's own vitamin D. Cereal and milk, egg yolk, beef liver, cheese 9 just to mention a few the supplements can be obtained especially fr those who live in polar regions. Fatty acids support the heart, brain, and eyes, prevent premature labor, increase birth weight, and reduces the risk of the mother falling into depression. Vegetable oils, fruits, nuts animal fats, are some of the sources of fatty acids.

N.B

Alcohol in the first trimester can cause the baby to have abnormal facial features however alcohol deprives growth and cause harm to the central nervous system, refrain from it at all costs!

Do not smoke

! It causes baby defects like the sudden death of infant syndrome or cleft lip or cleft palate( this is an opening on the baby's lip or in the roof of her mouth. Of course, it can be treated but if you can avoid it you should.

Working out is good as it helps reduces aches, bloating and constipation helps a woman to sleep better. It also helps one to have a normal delivery, without unnecessary complications. Avoid being idle unless strictly advised by the doctor to have a bed rest. Almost there queens, a new life is about to join yours!.

#pregnancy #mother

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yogaadvise · 4 years ago

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A Beginner`s Guide To The Chakras

The word 'chakra' originates from the Sanskrit language. In English, we mean it a little differently. In Sanskrit, words is 'cakra.' The word actually indicates 'wheel' or 'circle.' Words 'chakra' also has Indo-European roots as well as relates to the Greek word 'kuklos' which implies, 'cycle.' Really early Hindu texts point out the word in connection to karma and later in the Upanishads words is utilized to define spiritual vortexes in the body. This is just how the word is made use of in yoga and also subtle power body techniques today.

Root Chakra — Muladhara

The root chakra, which is normally represented by the color red, is the initial chakra on the body and also it lies at the base of the spinal column. The root chakra is called the center for survival. Here, all of your fundamental requirements are thought about. This chakra is typically considered as regulating your primal instincts.

The Sanskrit word for the root chakra is 'muladhara.' Sanskrit is a tonal language, so really saying the Sanskrit word for the chakras will supply energy recovery benefits. In English, the word 'muladhara' translates to 'root assistance.' This assists to reinforce the concept that the root chakra is the point where all subtle power in the body begins.

Yoga Presents To Turn On the Origin Chakra

Depending on what is taking place in your physical or emotional life, discrepancies of the origin chakra can turn up in various methods. The chakra can be both as well open or also closed. In this write-up from The Chopra Center, writer Michelle Fondin specifies that discrepancies in the root chakra commonly reveal up as 'anxiety, worry, or headaches.' She additionally states physical issues with the bladder, bowels, and also lower back.

Some yoga postures that balance and open the origin chakra are:

1. Pavanamuktasana, knee to upper body pose 2. Virabhadrasna 1, Warrior I Pose 3. Janu Sirsansana, head to knee pose 4. Padmasana, lotus flexion 5. Malasana, squatting pose 6. Savasana, Corpse Pose

Sacral Chakra — Svadishthana

This chakra is the 2nd power facility on the body and it is stood for by a lush beautiful orange shade. The sacral chakra is the creative thinking center of the body, and not remarkably represents your magnificent power of production, including your powers for sexuality and childbirth. The pelvic chakra is called 'svadishthana' in Sanskrit, and in English this indicates 'one's very own base.' You will usually see this chakra stood for as a 6-petaled lotus, with each petal representing a various setting of consciousness. This chakra is extremely psychological and also highly connected to the unconscious mind. Due to its connection to sexuality, literally this chakra controls the reproductive organs.

Yoga Postures To Trigger the Pelvic Chakra

According to this write-up from MindValley, this chakra regulates sensations of satisfaction, interest, and also intimacy. When this chakra remains in equilibrium, life feels happy as well as imaginative. Individuals with a blocked sacral chakra may experience affection concerns, be over sex-related, or really feel great deals of regret, embarassment, and emotional pain. In the write-up, the author mentions some really sage suggestions regarding stabilizing this chakra. 'Among the most favorable things about stabilizing sacral chakra is that all it actually calls for is for you to do even more of what makes you satisfied. It's doing all the basic things, dancing and also sing like no person's enjoying or do easy exercises consistently like yoga or just go for a run.'

If yoga exercise is something you enjoy (and it most likely is!) attempt these poses to bring balance to the sacral chakra:

1. Supta Bhaddha Konasana, Reclining Butterfly Pose 2. Dhanurasana, Bow Pose 3. Kapotasana, Pigeon Pose 4. Mandukasana, Frog Pose 5. Ananda Balasana, Happy Baby

Naval Chakra — Manipura

When the majority of people consider the marine chakra, they think of having a level tummy or 6-pack abs. While physical conditioning is helpful, the naval chakra is so a lot more than that! In Sanskrit, words for the naval chakra is 'manipura.' In English, this converts to 'gem city.' Isn't that gorgeous? This chakra lies in the tummy area a little listed below the solar plexus. The shade of this chakra is yellow, so if you are trying to mobilize up your personal power, consider putting on the shade yellow or collaborating with yellow crystals. The manipura chakra controls your digestions and metabolic rate, but it additionally links to your feeling of self.

Yoga Poses To Trigger the Naval Chakra

In a terrific short article about stabilizing the marine chakra, Yoga exercise Journal author Stephanie Snyder specifies that imbalance in this chakra can show up in different means depending upon the individual. She mentions,' In some it materializes as aggressive, extremely rigid, or managing habits, in others it breeds a target mindset, neediness, as well as absence of direction or self-confidence to stand up and also take positive action.'

In order to balance this chakra, take into consideration these yoga presents:

1. Cat Cow Pose 2. Phalakasana, Plank 3. Navasana, Boat Pose 4. Virabhadrasana III, Warrior III Pose 5. Balasana, Child's Pose 6. Trikonasana, Triangle Pose

Heart Chakra — Anahata

The heart chakra is represented by a gleaming green shade. When in equilibrium, this chakra helps us to feel all of the love and also beauty within other individuals, our environments, and also ourselves. In Sanskrit the word for this chakra is 'anahata.' In English, this word translates to 'unstruck,' which states so much regarding the human ability to like. Besides including the heart, this chakra also covers the thymus gland, which creates hormonal agents and controls the immune system. This chakra is considered to be really unique because it is a bridge chakra, this implies it connects your lower chakras, which regulate your earthly requirements, and needs with the top chakras that house your spiritual aspirations.

Yoga Positions To Trigger the Heart Chakra

Of training course, this chakra lies in the facility of the breast. If this chakra is out of equilibrium, you might feel protective, shut off to others, jealous, codependent, or separated. Holding animosities and also hesitating to forgive others is likewise a big indication that the heart chakra runs out balance.

To open as well as align this chakra, think about heart-opening postures like:

1. Urdhva Dhanurasana, Full Wheel Pose 2. Ustrasana, Camel Pose 3. Bhujangasana, Cobra Pose 4. Restorative sustained backbends 5. Garudasana, Eagle Pose 6. Matsyasana, Fish Pose

Throat Chakra — Vishuddhi

The throat chakra is energy facility of the body that assists you speak your reality and pay attention compassionately to others. This chakra controls the throat, ears, neck, mouth, tounge, and also thyroid gland. In Sanskrit, the throat chakra is called 'vishuddhi.' In English, this translates to 'especially pure,' which is exceptionally intriguing when you believe about how you might utilize your words. This chakra is generally stood for by the color blue, as well as when it is in equilibrium you will certainly locate it easy to claim what you mean and communicate with others in a healthy and balanced method. When this chakra is out of equilibrium, you could discover yourself being extremely peaceful in social circumstances or speaking unconsciously. Everyone has had the experience of stating something you really did not imply, but bringing this chakra into equilibrium can assist you be extra mindful.

Yoga Positions To Turn On the Throat Chakra

In a post by The Chopra Center, author Michelle Fondin estimates skilled Dr. David Simon. He states three old principals one need to take into consideration before talking. He states them as:

1. Ask yourself, "Is what I am regarding to say real?" 2. If so, continue to the second portal and also ask, "Is what I am regarding to claim essential?" 3. If the solution is yes, go to the third entrance as well as ask on your own, "Is what I am about to claim kind?"

In mix with this workout, you can likewise bring the throat chakra right into balance utilizing yoga. Some poses to take into consideration are:

1. Sarvangasana, Shoulder Stand 2. Halasana, Plow 3. Matsyasana, Fish Pose 4. Simhasana, Lions Breath 5. Bhujangasana, Cobra Pose

Eyebrow Chakra — Ajna

If you have actually ever had a brush with a psychic or instinctive individual, you have actually seen the eyebrow chakra at the workplace! This chakra is commonly referred to as 'your mind's eye,' or your 'pineal eye.' This chakra aids you see right into internal and outer globes, and also connects you to the power of clear though and also spiritual representations. According to this write-up from Chakra Composition,' Through the present of seeing we can internalize the external globe and also with symbolic language we can externalize the inner globe.' That is the power of the 3rd eye. In Sankrit, this chakra is called 'ajna.' In English, this is equated to 'view,' 'command,' or 'beyond knowledge.'

Yoga Positions To Activate the Brow Chakra

When this chakra is in equilibrium, you might find it simple to connect to your inner knowledge, instinct, and creative imagination. This chakra is represented by the shade purple, so if you feel this chakra runs out balance, wearing as well as incorporating even more purple right into your life can be useful. When this chakra runs out balance, you could experience vision issues, eyestrain, and also headaches.

To balance and activate this chakra, consider these yoga exercise presents:

1. Ardha Pincha Mayurasana, Dolphin Pose 2. Janusirsasana, Head to Knee Pose 3. Virasana, Hero Pose 4. Arha Uttanasana, Standing Half Forward Bend 5. Adho Mukha Svanasana, Downward Encountering Dog

Crown Chakra — Sahasrara

The crown chakra rests right above the head. This chakra is a mixture of pure white and light purple, as well as it connects you to your higher self and God. This chakra is called 'sahasrara' in Sanskrit, which translates to 'thousand-petaled' in English. This chakra is generally represented as a thousand-petaled lotus. This chakra is the seventh chakra as well as is at the top of the chakras on the body. All subtle energy steps between the chakras 1-7, so while the root chakra connects us to Earth, the crown chakra connects us to the heavenly realms.

Yoga Presents To Trigger the Crown Chakra

When this chakra is healthy and balanced, open, as well as in balance, you will certainly really feel a deep gratefulness and respect permanently. This chakra represents the timelessness of the heart as well as raised consciousness. To activate this chakra, you can do several methods like yoga exercise, pranayama and reflection. Some yoga exercise presents to take into consideration are:

1. Salamba Sirhasana, Headstand 2. Savasana, Corpse Pose 3. Makarasana, Crocodile Pose 4. Supta Padangusthasana, Supine Hand-to-Big-Toe Pose 5. Parsvakonasana, Side Angle Pose

Yoga Positions To Straighten All 7 Chakras

Of course, each chakra isn't reduce off from each other. The power streams openly through each chakra, and inevitably you will profit most from every one of the chakras remaining in positioning. Sequences like the Sun Salutations A, B, and also C job effectively to activate every one of the chakras and also bring them all right into balance. You may additionally take into consideration activities like pranayama. Some pranayama exercises that balance all of the chakras are:

1. Nadi Shodhana, Alternative Nostril Breathing 2. Kapalabhati, Skull Shining Breath

These methods are best done after a yoga warm-up and also only if you really feel kicked back as well as comfortable. When practicing pranayama, make certain you are staying up straight with your hips raised over your knees, like on a reflection cushion or folded up blanket. This activity assists to keep the chakras abreast during the breath work. Likewise, be certain that you are not reverse breathing, the breath should move efficiently from all-time low of the lungs to the top upon inhale, as well as from the top of the lungs to the base during exhale.

#bikram yoga #Hatha Yoga #hot yoga #pilates #pranayama #spiritual #yoga #yoga for beginners #yoga poses #yoga positions

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zenleaf11-blog · 4 years ago

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Is Having CBD in Your Skincare Products Actually Helpful?

Understanding What CBD is:

CBD, fully referred to as cannabidiol, is originated from the cannabis sativa plant or what we commonly call marijuana. Being one of the 80 compounds extracted from the plant, CBD has many beneficial properties when applied or consumed without getting the person high as its companion tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) does. Visit our website for more details.

Different Types of CBD:

CBD products are generally divided into three categories. It is essential to know the differences so you can choose the proper skincare products that would be suitable for your skin:

· Isolated CBD: Isolated CBD products are those that contain only the CBD component and nothing else alongside it. It’s the most pure and enhanced form of CBD you can find in products and is especially for those that believe they only want CBD in their product.

· Full Spectrum CBD: Full spectrum CBD products are those in which the entire plant’s components are used instead of extracting and using CBD only. Many people believe that CBD products work best with the entire plant’s components working together rather than just one.

Why Are CBD Skincare Products Getting Popularized Now?

CBD has been made legal in numerous states across the US and other countries just now. Due to this reason, the research on CBD and its benefits date back only a few years. However, as more and more advantages of CBD come through the cannabinoid industry has started expanding at a rapidly accelerating rate. Consequently, more people are opting for CBD products as a supplement to traditional medications and skincare products.

CBD Point gives you a solution to all your skin problems with our range of skincare products you can choose from and get the best of CBD benefits.

How Does CBD Work on Your Skin?

CBD enters your body and works alongside a person’s already existing endocannabinoid system to enhance its function and produce increased levels of cannabinoid receptors to tackle different issues. For consumption medications, the CBD enters the blood stream works through the entire body. On the other hand products such as creams, serums and other skincare products work on the outer layer of the skin and affect the specific areas only.

Why is CBD Thought to Lessen Skin Relevant Problems?

There are various researches on the effects of CBD for diseases such as chronic pain, anxiety etc. However, recent studies also indicate that CBD may also work for skin related problems. CBD is known to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties incorporated in it. Hence, CBD is gradually becoming an alternative option for problems such as dry skin, eczema and psoriasis as well.

However, the sudden craze for CBD skincare comes due to its anti-inflammatory property to counteract problems like acne and wrinkles with creams, lotions and serums that work with the skin to lessen the secretion of glands that cause these skin problems. For this reason, individuals are moving towards CBD skincare that actually has beneficial properties with no known side effects (unless you’re allergic) as compared to medications that come with side effects.

How Does CBD Help Acne?

Acne comes in various problems and individuals facing acne problems either have one or even all of the problems including excess secretion of sebum, inflammation, blockage of pores and increase in bacteria production. What CBD really does is work with your endocannabinoid receptors and control the secretion of oil-producing glands since excess oil is the major cause of acne breakouts and controlling inflammation alongside as well.

Should You Completely Switch to CBD Products?

CBD has proved beneficial for various problems due to its numerous properties. However, since the research on CBD and its benefits has only just started it is not clear as to how far do the positive effects actually go. Moreover, the most confused perspective of CBD products is how much CBD is enough to gain positive effects. Many people believe 100 mgs per ounce is what it takes to get actual progress while others state that even 5 mgs per ounce can do the job. Regardless of the confusion regarding CBD dosage, CBD does have advantageous properties you might want to try. Completely leaving your traditional products and moving to CBD might not work for everyone, but if you’re willing to give it a try take it slow and see how it works for you.

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lastsonlost · 6 years ago

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A circumcision masterpost for anyone who needs it..

THIS IS THE FUNCTIONALITY YOU LOSE TO CIRCUMCISION

Frenar Band, or Ridged Band The frenar band is a group of soft ridges near the junction of the inner and outer foreskin. This region is the primary erogenous zone of the intact male body. Loss of this delicate belt of densely innervated, sexually responsive tissue reduces the fullness and intensity of sexual response. [Source: Taylor, J. R. et al., “The Prepuce: Specialized Mucosa of the Penis and Its Loss to Circumcision,” British Journal of Urology 77 (1996): 291-295.]

Mechanical Gliding Action The foreskin’s gliding action is a hallmark feature of the normal, natural, intact penis. This non-abrasive gliding of the penis in and out of its own shaft skin facilitates smooth, comfortable, pleasurable intercourse for both partners. Without this gliding action, the corona of the circumcised penis can function as a one-way valve, making artificial lubricants necessary for comfortable intercourse. [Source: P. M. Fleiss, MD, MPH, “The Case Against Circumcision,” Mothering: The Magazine of Natural Family Living (Winter 1997): 36-45.]

Meissner’s Corpuscles Circumcision removes the most important sensory component of the foreskin - thousands of coiled fine-touch receptors called Meissner’s corpuscles. Also lost are branches of the dorsal nerve, and between 10,000 and 20,000 specialized erotogenic nerve endings of several types. Together these detect subtle changes in motion and temperature, as well as fine gradations in texture. [Sources: 1. R. K. Winkelmann, “The Erogenous Zones: Their Nerve Supply and Its Significance,” Proceedings of the Staff Meetings of the Mayo Clinic 34 (1959): 39-47. 2. R. K. Winkelmann, “The Cutaneous Innervation of Human Newborn Prepuce,” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 26 (1956): 53-67.]

Frenulum The frenulum is a highly erogenous V-shaped structure on the underside of the glans that tethers the foreskin. During circumcision it is frequently either amputated with the foreskin or severed, which destroys or diminishes its sexual and physiological functions. [Sources: 1. Cold, C, Taylor, J, “The Prepuce,” BJU International 83, Suppl. 1, (1999): 34-44. 2. Kaplan, G.W., “Complications of Circumcision,” Urologic Clinics of North America 10, 1983.]

Dartos Fascia Circumcision removes approximately half of this temperature-sensitive smooth muscle sheath which lies between the outer layer of skin and the corpus cavernosa. [Source: Netter, F.H., “Atlas of Human Anatomy,” Second Edition (Novartis, 1997): Plates 234, 329, 338, 354, 355.]

Immunological System The soft mucosa (inner foreskin) contains its own immunological defense system which produces plasma cells. These cells secrete immunoglobulin antibodies as well as antibacterial and antiviral proteins, including the pathogen killing enzyme lysozyme. [Sources: 1. A. Ahmed and A. W. Jones, “Apocrine Cystadenoma: A Report of Two Cases Occurring on the Prepuce,” British Journal of Dermatology 81 (1969): 899-901. 2. P. J. Flower et al., “An Immunopathologic Study of the Bovine Prepuce,” Veterinary Pathology 20 (1983):189-202.]

Lymphatic Vessels The loss of these vessels due to circumcision reduces the lymph flow within that part of the body’s immune system. [Source: Netter, F.H., “Atlas of Human Anatomy,” Second Edition (Novartis, 1997): plate 379.]

Estrogen Receptors The presence of estrogen receptors within the foreskin has only recently been discovered. Their purpose is not yet understood and needs further study. [Source: R. Hausmann et al., “The Forensic Value of the Immunohistochemical Detection of Oestrogen Receptors in Vaginal Epithelium,” International Journal of Legal Medicine 109 (1996): 10-30.]

Apocrine Glands These glands of the inner foreskin produce pheromones - nature’s powerful, silent, invisible behavioral signals to potential sexual partners. The effect of their absence on human sexuality has never been studied. [Source: A. Ahmed and A. W. Jones, “Apocrine Cystadenoma: A Report of Two Cases Occurring on the Prepuce,” British Journal of Dermatology 81 (1969): 899-901.]

Sebaceous Glands The sebaceous glands may lubricate and moisturize the foreskin and glans, which is normally a protected internal organ. Not all men have sebaceous glands on their inner foreskin. [Source: A. B. Hyman and M. H. Brownstein, “Tyson’s Glands: Ectopic Sebaceous Glands and Papillomatosis Penis,” Archives of Dermatology 99 (1969): 31-37.]

Langerhans Cells These specialized epithelial cells are a component of the immune system in the penis. [Source: G. N. Weiss et al., “The Distribution and Density of Langerhans Cells in the Human Prepuce: Site of a Diminished Immune Response?” Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 29 (1993): 42-43.]

Natural Glans Coloration The natural coloration of the glans and inner foreskin (usually hidden and only visible to others when sexually aroused) is considerably more intense than the permanently exposed and keratinized coloration of a circumcised penis. The socio-biological function of this visual stimulus has never been studied. ——– The glans ranges from pink to red to dark purple among intact men of Northern European ancestry, and from pinkish to mahagony to dark brown among intact men of Color. If circumcision is performed on an infant or young boy, the connective tissue which protectively fuses the foreskin and glans together is ripped apart. This leaves the glans raw and subject to infection, scarring, pitting, shrinkage, and eventual discoloration. Over a period of years the glans becomes keratinized, adding additional layers of tissue in order to adequately protect itself, which further contributes to discoloration. Many restoring men report dramatic changes in glans color and appearance, and that these changes closely mirror the natural coloration and smooth, glossy appearance of the glans seen in intact men. ——— [Source: P. M. Fleiss, MD, MPH, “The Case Against Circumcision,” Mothering: The Magazine of Natural Family Living (Winter 1997): 36-45.]

Length and Circumference Circumcision removes some of the length and girth of the penis - its double-layered wrapping of loose and usually overhanging foreskin is removed. A circumcised penis is truncated and thinner than it would have been if left intact. [Source: R. D. Talarico and J. E. Jasaitis, “Concealed Penis: A Complication of Neonatal Circumcision,” Journal of Urology 110 (1973): 732-733.]

Blood Vessels Several feet of blood vessels, including the frenular artery and branches of the dorsal artery, are removed in circumcision. The loss of this rich vascularization interrupts normal blood flow to the shaft and glans of the penis, damaging the natural function of the penis and altering its development. [Sources: 1. H. C. Bazett et al., “Depth, Distribution and Probable Identification in the Prepuce of Sensory End-Organs Concerned in Sensations of Temperature and Touch; Thermometric Conductivity,” Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 27 (1932): 489-517. 2. Netter, F.H., “Atlas of Human Anatomy,” Second Edition (Novartis, 1997): plates 238, 239.]

Dorsal Nerves The terminal branch of the pudendal nerve connects to the skin of the penis, the prepuce, the corpora cavernosa, and the glans. Destruction of these nerves is a rare but devastating complication of circumcision. If cut during circumcision, the top two-thirds of the penis will be almost completely without sensation. [Sources: 1. Agur, A.M.R. ed., “Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy,” Ninth Edition (Williams and Wilkins, 1991): 188-190. 2. Netter, F.H., “Atlas of Human Anatomy,” Second Edition (Novartis, 1997): plate 380, 387.]

Other Losses

- Circumcision performed during infancy disrupts the bonding process between child and mother. There are indications that the innate sense of trust in intimate human contact is inhibited or lost. It can also have significant adverse effects on neurological development. ��

-Additionally, an infant’s self-confidence and hardiness is diminished by forcing the newborn victim into a defensive psychological state of “learned helplessness” or “acquired passivity” to cope with the excruciating pain which he can neither fight nor flee.

- The trauma of this early pain lowers a circumcised boy’s pain threshold below that of intact boys and girls. This has been proven in a study during vaccination time. [Sources: 1. R. Goldman, Circumcision: The Hidden Trauma (Boston: Vanguard Publications, 1997), 139-175. 2. A. Taddio et al., “Effect of Neonatal Circumcision on Pain Responses during Vaccination in Boys,” Lancet 345 (1995): 291-292.]

- Every year some boys lose their entire penises from circumcision accidents and infections. They are then “sexually reassigned” by castration and transgender surgery, and are expected to live their lives as females. [Sources: 1. J. P. Gearhart and J. A. Rock, “Total Ablation of the Penis after Circumcision with Electrocautery: A Method of Management and Long-Term Followup,” Journal of Urology 142 (1989):799-801. 2. M. Diamond and H. K. Sigmundson, “Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-Term Review and Clinical Implications,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 151 (1997): 298-304.]

-Every year many boys in the United States and elsewhere lose their lives as a result of circumcision - a fact that is routinely ignored or obscured.

[Sources: 1. G. W. Kaplan, “Complications of Circumcision,” Urologic Clinics of North America 10 (1983): 543-549. 2. R. S. Thompson, “Routine Circumcision in the Newborn: An Opposing View,” Journal of Family Practice 31 (1990): 189-196.

NOT LONG ENOUGH FOR YOU? I DIDN’T THINK SO EITHER.

MORE ON “THE HEALTHIER THAN DEALING WITH STIGMA” ARGUMENT..

let’s talk infant maintenance:

n babies, the foreskin is completely fused to the head of the penis. You cannot and should not retract it to clean it, as this would cause the child pain, and is akin to trying to clean the inside of a baby girl’s vagina. The infant foreskin is perfectly designed to protect the head of the penis and keep feces out. All you have to do is wipe the outside of the penis like a finger. It is harder to keep circumcised baby’s penis clean because you have to carefully clean around the wound, make sure no feces got into the wound, and apply ointment. The foreskin separates and retracts on its own sometime between age 3 and puberty. Before it retracts on its own, you wipe the outside off like a finger. After it retracts on its own, it will get clean during the boy’s shower or bath. There is nothing special that the parents need to do.

let’s talk about risk and side effects:

Removal of healthy tissue from a non-consenting patient is, in itself, harm (more on this point later). Circumcision has an number of risks and side effects. There is a 1-3% complication rate during the newborn period alone (Schwartz 1990).

Here is a short list potential complications.

Meatal Stenosis: Many circumcised boys and men suffer from meatal stenosis. This is a narrowing of the urethra which can interfere with urination and require surgery to

fix.Adhesions. Circumcised babies can suffer from

adhesions, where the foreskin remnants try to heal to the head of the penis in an area they are not supposed to grow on. Doctors treat these by ripping them open with no anesthesia.Buried penis. Circumcision can lead to trapped or buried penis – too much skin is removed, and so the penis is forced inside the body.

This can lead to problems in adulthood when the man does not have enough skin to have a comfortable erection. Some men even have their skin split open when they have an erection. There are even more sexual consequences, which we will address in a future post.

Infection. The circumcision wound can become infected. This is especially dangerous now with the prevalence of hospital-acquired multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Death. Babies can even die of circumcision. Over 100 newborns die each year in the USA, mostly from loss of blood and infection (Van Howe 1997 & 2004, Bollinger 2010).

All of these dangers are not at all risked if you simply don’t circumcize your child, and all of these dangers are incredibly reduced in likelyhood if at a later time the child makes the decision on their own after puberty in their late teens to early adult hood.

medical misinformation:

Medical advice may have promoted infection in uncircumcised males. A shocking number of doctors are uneducated about the normal development of the foreskin, and they (incorrectly) tell parents that they have to retract the baby’s foreskin and wash inside it at every diaper change. Doing this tears the foreskin and the tissue (called synechia) that connects it to the head of the penis, leading to scarring and infection.American doctors receive little medical school education on the care and treatment of the intact penis. The curriculums assume that all men will be circumcised.

Doctors in America are trained to circumcise. Hence, when an American doctors encounters an intact penis with a minor problem his first recommendation is circumcision.Misinformation was especially prevalent during the 1950s and 60s, when most babies were circumcised and we didn’t know as much about the care of the intact penis, which is why the story is always about someone’s uncle. Doing this to a baby boy would be like trying to clean the inside of a baby girl’s vagina with Q-tips at every diaper change. Rather than preventing problems, such practices would cause problems by introducing harmful bacteria. Remember that humans evolved from animals, so no body part that required special care would survive evolutionary pressures.

The human genitals are wonderfully self-cleaning and require no special care.Also, in medicine we only treat the sick, injured or diseased. We do not prescribe medications preemptively. We do not perform preemptive surgery until there is a real problem. We do not prescribe antibiotic until there is evidence of infection. We do not perform tonsillectomies until there is repeated tonsillitis. We do not perform mastectomies until there is cancer or a proven high risk of cancer. So why should circumcision be any different?

on the subject of urinary tract infection:

Girls have a 3 times higher rate of UTI than boys. Yet no one suggests cutting girls genitals to prevent UTI. When a girl gets a UTI, she is simply prescribed antibiotics. The same treatment works for boys. The UTI claim is based on one study that looked at charts of babies born in one hospital (Wiswell 1985). The study had many problems, including that it didn’t accurately count whether or not the babies were circumcised, whether they were premature and thus more susceptible to infection in general, whether they were breastfed (breastfeeding protects against UTI), and if their foreskins had been forcibly retracted (which can introduce harmful bacteria and cause UTI) (Pisacane 1990). There have been many studies since which show either no decrease in UTI with circumcision, or else an increase in UTI from circumcision. Thus circumcision is not recommended to prevent UTI (Thompson 1990).

How does male circumcision protect against HIV infection? SHORT ANSWER: IT DOESN'T

Robert Szabo, medical resident a, Roger V Short, professor b.

a Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3168, Australia, bDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women’s Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Melbourne 3053, Australia

Correspondence to: R V Short

In his otherwise excellent review of the AIDS epidemic in the 21st century, Fauci presented no new strategies for preventing the spread of the disease.1 He made no mention of male [or female] circumcision, yet there is now compelling epidemiological evidence from over 40 studies which shows that male circumcision provides significant protection against HIV infection; circumcised males are two to eight times less likely to become infected with HIV.2

[The evidence is far from “compelling”. Each of the studies has its own flaws. See the relevant page of this site. The extraordinary history of circumcision as a panacea, and before that as a rite, strongly suggest that latter-day claims of prophylaxis should be regarded with a sceptical, if not jaundiced, eye. Few if any men can be truly neutral about circumcision. The temptation to justify what was done to oneself seems almost irresistible.]

Furthermore, circumcision also protects against other sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis and gonorrhoea, 3 4 [This is contradicted by Laumann] and since people who have a sexually transmitted infection are two to five times more likely to become infected with HIV,5 circumcision may be even more protective. The most dramatic evidence of the protective effect of circumcision comes from a new study of couples in Uganda who had discordant HIV status; in this study the woman was HIV positive and her male partner was not.6 No new infections occurred among any of the 50 circumcised men over 30 months, whereas 40 of 137 uncircumcised men became infected during this time. [But as Peiperlpoints out, over one-third (29 out of 79) of the circumcised men in this study were HIV-positive before the study began.] Both groups had been given free access to HIV testing, intensive instruction about preventing infection, and free condoms (which were continuously available), but 89% of the men never used condoms, and condom use did not seem to influence the rate of transmission of HIV. [Why not? What’s going on? Did circumcision status influence the rate of usage of condoms?] These findings should focus the spotlight of scientific attention onto the foreskin. [No, on the condoms or their use] Why does its removal reduce a man’s susceptibility to HIV infection? [This is the fallacy of post hoc ergo propter hoc, after this therefore because of this. Circumcision does not take place in a social vacuum. What is associated with circumcision and intactness in Ugandan society? It very commonly goes with religion, for example, and religion in turn influences sexual practice in a variety of ways:

choice of partner

degree of monogamy

use of alcohol and hence unprotected sex

attitudes towards homosexuality]

Summary points

The majority of men who are HIV positive have been infected through the penis [In some parts of the world perhaps, but not all.]

_____________________________________________________________

There is conclusive epidemiological evidence to show that uncircumcised men are at a much greater risk of becoming infected with HIV than circumcised men [No, there is some very debatable, highly selective evidence.] _____________________________________________________________

The inner surface of the foreskin contains Langerhans’ cells with HIV receptors; these cells are likely to be the primary point of viral entry into the penis of an uncircumcised man [Equally, the Langerhans’ cells may have a protective function. Their function is certainly not to receive HIV, as the term “HIV receptors” implies.] _____________________________________________________________

Male circumcision should be seriously considered as an additional means of preventing HIV in all countries with a high prevalence of infection [The Roman Senator Cato would finish every speech, no matter its subject, with “Therefore, Carthage must be destroyed”. This refrain, like that one, tolls like a knell through the literature on HIV and circumcision. There are many other factors that must be considered before moving from a dubious correlation to passionate advocacy.] The development of HIV receptor blockers, which could be applied to the penis or vagina before intercourse, might provide a new form of HIV prevention

Methods

To compile the information for this review a Medline search was done using the terms circumcision, HIV, Langerhans’ cells, penis, foreskin, and prepuce, and extensive email correspondence with other researchers was also undertaken. Histological observations were carried out on samples of penile tissue obtained from 13perfusion fixed cadavers of men aged 60-96 years, seven of whom had been circumcised. [The advanced age of the men from whom the samples were taken, in considering a process that is age-related, throws suspicion on this work.]

The pathogenesis of sexually acquired HIV infection

Between 75% and 85% of cases of HIV infection worldwide have probably occurred during sexual activity.7 Most cases of primary HIV infection are thought to involve HIV binding initially to the CD4 and CCR5 receptors found on antigen presenting cells - which include macrophages, Langerhans’ cells, and dendritic cells - in the genital and rectal mucosa.

The most widely accepted model for the sexual transmission of HIV is based on infection of the genital tract of rhesus macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus. 8 9 After female macaques are inoculated intravaginally with simian immunodeficiency virus, the virus targets the Langerhans’ cells located in the vaginal mucosa. [And do Short and Szabo consider advocating the amputation of vaginal mucosa? The fatal sexism of a policy that protects men but not women, compared with one that protects both, such as condom use, is not considered.] Once infected, these cells fuse with adjacent CD4 lymphocytes and migrate to deeper tissues. Within two days of infection, the virus can be detected in the internal iliac lymph nodes and shortly thereafter in systemic lymph nodes. This ultimately leads to a fatal infection.

Similarly, infection in male macaques occurs when simian immunodeficiency virus is inoculated into the penile urethra or onto the foreskin; the same sequence of cellular events involving the infection of Langerhans’ cells is then likely to occur.9 Infected Langerhans’ cells have also been detected in the penile mucosa of male rhesus macaques that have chronic simian immunodeficiency virus infection.9 In humans, histological studies have identified antigen presenting cells in the mucosa of the inner foreskin and urethra.10 Therefore it seems likely that antigen presenting cells at these mucosal sites are the primary target for HIV in men.

In vitro studies have shown that the CD4 receptor is generally necessary, although insufficient on its own, to permit HIV-1 to enter host cells.11 The entry of HIV-1 into cells requires an additional chemokine receptor, usually CCR5, although CXCR4 is used by cells that become infected during the later stages of the disease.12 After primary infection occurs, the virus mutates, which allows it to utilise other chemokine receptors, such as CXCR4, and thus spread to a variety of cell types. However, more than 99% of HIV-1 isolates from acutely infected patients are homologous, indicating that one specific variant is likely to be responsible for most cases of primary HIV infection.13 HIV variants that are transmitted to other individuals almost invariably use CCR5 as a coreceptor and are therefore named R5 viruses, to reflect their specific requirement for a coreceptor.14

How HIV enters the penis

About 70% of men infected with HIV have acquired the virus through vaginal sex, and a smaller number have acquired it from insertive anal intercourse.7 Thus, on a global scale most men who are HIV positive have acquired the virus via the penis. This raises questions of how HIV enters the penis and why men who are uncircumcised are potentially more susceptible to becoming infected with HIV.

The uncircumcised penis consists of the penile shaft, glans, urethral meatus, inner and outer surface of the foreskin, and the frenulum, the thin band connecting the inner foreskin to the ventral aspect of the glans. A keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium covers the penile shaft and outer surface of the foreskin. This provides a protective barrier against HIV infection. [There is no evidence for this claim.] In contrast, the inner mucosal surface of the foreskin is not keratinised15 and is rich in Langerhans’ cells,10 making it particularly susceptible to the virus. [Again, this is conjecture.] This is particularly important because during heterosexual intercourse the foreskin is pulled back down the shaft of the penis, and the whole inner surface of the foreskin is exposed to vaginal secretions, providing a large area where HIV transmission could take place. [In that case, why are women, with the much greater area of their vaginal surfaces, not vastly more susceptible to HIV infection from men?]

There is controversy about whether the epithelium of the glans in uncircumcised men is keratinised; some authors claim that it is not,15 but we have examined the glans of seven circumcised and six uncircumcised men […aged 60 to 96…], and found the epithelia to be equally keratinised. In circumcised males only the distal penile urethra is lined with a mucosal epithelium. However, this is unlikely to be a common site of infection because it contains comparatively few Langerhans’ cells.10 [This is an example of begging the question, assuming what you have to prove.]

Ulcerative or inflammatory lesions of the penile urethra, foreskin, frenulum, or glans that are caused by other sexually transmitted infections may provide additional potential routes for HIV transmission. In uncircumcised males, the highly vascular frenulum is particularly susceptible to trauma during intercourse, [It is equally so in circumcised males - if it has not been ablated - and in addition traumas and tearing of the scarred ring are only possible in circumcised men] and lesions produced by other sexually transmitted infections commonly occur there. Thus, male circumcision further reduces the risk of infection by reducing the synergy that normally exists between HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.5

Conclusions

Of the estimated 50 million people infected with HIV worldwide, about half are men, most of whom have become infected through their penises

[… and a vast number of whom were circumcised].

The inner surface of the foreskin, which is rich in HIV receptors, and the frenulum, a common site for trauma and other sexually transmitted infections, must be regarded as the most probable sites for viral entry in primary HIV infection in men.

[“Must”? Yet a vast number of them don’t have one.]

Although condoms must remain the first choice for preventing the sexual transmission of HIV, they are often not used consistently or correctly, they may break during use, and there may be strong cultural and aesthetic objections to using them. Cultural and religious attitudes towards male circumcision are even more deeply held,

[and the perfectly rational view that it reduces sexual pleasure, and the human rights issue of consent]

but in the light of the evidence presented here circumcising males seems highly desirable,

[“Desirable”? A strange choice of word, suggesting a sexual rather than rational motivation]especially in countries with a high prevalence of HIV infection. [Yet Ethiopia and the US already have high prevalences of both HIV infection and circumcision.]

Although neonatal circumcision is easy to perform, and has a low incidence of complications,16[Other references cite much higher rates] it would be 15-20 years before a programme of circumcision had any effect on HIV transmission rates. Circumcision at puberty, as practised by many Muslim communities, would be the most immediately effective intervention for reducing HIV transmission since it would be done before young men are likely to become sexually active

[… and knew what they had been deprived of].

It may also be time to re-think the definition of “safe sex.” Since the penis is the probable site of viral entry, neither infected semen nor vaginal secretions should be allowed to come in contact with the penis, particularly in uncircumcised males. Thus, mutual male masturbation during which a penis is exposed to the potentially infected semen of another male should be regarded as risky sexual behaviour.

[Szabo and Short present no evidence for this claim. They have reasoned backward from their analysis of the literature of heterosexual transmission.]

Let’s not even get started on Africa & FAILED HIV/STD PREVENTION:

Three studies in Africa several years ago claimed that circumcision prevented HIV transmission and that circumcision was as effective as a 60% effective vaccine (Auvert 2005, 2006). These studies had many flaws, including expectation bias (both researcher and participant), selection bias, lead-time bias, attrition bias, duration bias, and early termination that favored the treatment effect the investigators were hoping for. (Van Howe, Storms 2011: How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections.)It as been suggested that the researchers tailored the studies to reach the conclusions they wanted. Read more about how circumcision is a dangerous mistake for HIV prevention.There have also been several studies that show that circumcision does not prevent HIV (Connolly 2008).

There are many issues at play in the spread of STDs which make it very hard to generalize results from one population to another.In Africa, where the recent studies have been done, most HIV transmission is through male-female sex, but in the USA, it is mainly transmitted through blood exposure (like needle sharing) and male-male sex. Male circumcision does not protect women from acquiring HIV, nor does it protect men who have sex with men (Wawer 2009, Jameson 2009).

What’s worse, because of the publicity surrounding the African studies, men in Africa are now starting to believe that if they are circumcised, they do not need to wear condoms, which will increase the spread of HIV (Westercamp 2010). Even in the study with the most favorable effects of circumcision, the protective effect was only 60% – men would still have to wear condoms to protect themselves and their partners from HIV.

In the USA, during the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s and 90s, about 85% of adult men were circumcised (much higher rates of circumcision than in Africa), and yet HIV still spread.It is important to understand, too, that the men in the African studies were adults and they volunteered for circumcision. Babies undergoing circumcision were not given the choice to decide for themselves.

Recent studies have demonstrated that circumcised men are at increased risk of contracting gonorrhea, syphilis and genital warts. Men are at equal risk for developing human papillomavirus lesions and herpesvirus infections regardless of circumcision status. At least four studies have shown human immunodeficiency virus infection to occur more commonly in circumcised men.

SEXUAL INTERCOURSE… CIRCUMCISED VERSUS UNCIRCUMCISED:

The function of the foreskin for women in intercourse is to seal the natural lubrication inside the vagina and provide a gentle internal massaging action. The intact penis moves in and out of its foreskin, which provides a frictionless, rolling, gliding sensation.

Intact men tend to make shorter strokes that keep their bodies in contact with the clitoris more, thus aiding female orgasm (O’Hara 1999). On the other hand, the circumcised penis functions like a piston during intercourse – the head of the penis actually scrapes the lubrication out of the vagina with each stroke.

As the man thrusts, his skin rubs against the vaginal entrance, causing discomfort, and sometimes pain (O’Hara 1999, Bensley 2001). Far from making sex better for women, circumcision decreases female satisfaction.

In a landmark study of US women, 85% who had experienced both circumcised and intact men preferred sex with intact men. Sex with a circumcised man was associated with pain, dryness and difficulty reaching orgasm (O’Hara 1999). In another study, women were twice as likely to reach orgasm with an intact man (Bensley 2003). Even when a woman said she preferred a circumcised partner, she had less dryness and discomfort with intact men (O’Hara 1999).

Men who are circumcised are 60% more likely to have difficulty identifying and expressing their feelings, which can cause marital difficulties (Bollinger 2010). Circumcised men are 4.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, use drugs like Viagra, and to suffer from premature ejaculation (Bollinger 2010, Tang 2011).

Men who were circumcised as adults experienced decreased sensation and decreased quality of erection, and both they and their partners experienced generally less satisfaction with sex (Kim 2007, Solinis 2007).

The foreskin contains several special structures that increase sexual pleasure, including the frenulum and ridged band (the end of the foreskin where it becomes internal), both of which are removed in circumcision.

The LEAST sensitive parts of the foreskin are more sensitive than the MOST sensitive parts of the circumcised penis (Sorrells 2007).

In other words, if you wanted to decrease a penis’ sensitivity the most, circumcision would be the ideal surgery.

The foreskin has nerves called fine-touch receptors which are clustered in the ridged band (Cold 1999). This type of nerve is also found in the lips and fingertips. To get an idea of the sensation these nerves provide, try this experiment: first lightly stroke your fingertip over the back of the other hand. Now stroke your fingertip over the palm of your hand. Feel the difference?

That is the kind of sensation the foreskin provides, and the circumcised man is missing. It may feel like the penis is overly sensitive to a circumcised man because there is little sensation left to indicate excitement, leading to unexpected premature ejaculation (a common problem with circumcised young men).

However, as circumcised penises age they become calloused and much less sensitive.

It is documented that circumcised adult males exhibit a greater tendency to engage in risky sexual behavior. Hooykaas and colleagues reported that circumcised men in the Netherlands engage in more risky sexual behavior and have markedly higher rates of STDs. Laumann and colleagues reported more risky sexual behavior amongst circumcised men in the United States and have higher rates of STDs.

Michael et al.reported more variability in sexual behavior, less condom usage, and more STD amonst the predominantly circumcised population of the United States as compared with the predominantly non-circumcised intact males of the United Kingdom.

Do you STILL NEED MORE sources? HERE YOU GO…!!

Intactivist linksThis list is mostly an effort to consolidate old bookmarks and fix links I’d bookmarked that were broken. It’ll be updated as I find new links, or have to fix broken links. Be aware that links to images or videos are probably NSFW, given that this is a discussion involving genitals.

let's pretend Halloween is around the corner with some circumcision horror stories both domestic and abroad.

A dozen men are ambushed, stripped naked and forced to undergo circumcisions in Kenya after their wives complained that they were not as good in bed.

A 14-Year Old Kenya Boy Recounts Torture, Forced Circumcision

Kenyan men in hiding fearing circumcision

S. African boys saved from forced circumcision:

Kenya: Men Circumcised by Force in Luhya Tribe Ceremony

A Florida mother took her son into hiding to avoid circumcision.

Child forced to undergo circumcision has been diagnosed with leukemia

Forced Circumcisions For Ugandan Males Over 15

(Godfrey Olukya) The Ugandan town of Mbale was brought to a standstill on Tuesday afternoon, as a naked man ran through the streets, with more than 50 men in pursuit. He was fleeing a forced circumcision.

Islamic State (ISIS) FUCKING ISIS forcefully circumcised Assyrian Christian men

32 boys dead in South African botched circumcisions by ill-trained traditional surgeons.

Half a million boys killed and hospitalised by tribal circumcision

Testimony from the Global Survey of Circumcision

Some writing on the topic:

No Justification for routine neonatal circumcision, part 1, fallacious medical arguments

No Justification for routine neonatal circumcision, part 2, unmerited social support The first article includes a lot of links to information supporting the assertions I’ve made.

Those links are also included among the links below on this page.

Videos:

Doctor Discusses Circumcision Controversy

The Prepuce Anatomy and Physiology of the Foreskin Video I originally had linked here was removed from youtube, but this one is excellent.

Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital ♦

Whose body, whose rights

Difference Between: Male & Female Circumcision

Discussion after screening of the movie “Cut.”

Related to Cut, the Film: Debate with Rabbi Shmuley Boteach Eli Ungar-Sargon offers facts and logic; Rabbi Shmuley preaches, ridicules, and mocks, even after hearing evidence.

Brian D Earp, scientist and ethicist; discusses why there’s no moral difference between male and female circumcision. ††

More from Brian D Earp on comparing male circumcision to female circumcision †††

Brian D. Earp; Female genital mutilation and male circumcision: toward an autonomy-based ethical framework

The Penis - Sex education 101 ††††

Water Bear Brigade: Circumcision, male and female

Doctors on Circumcision:

doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/

Doctors Opposing Circumcision HIV Statement

Medical Association Position Statements

Doctors Opposing Circumcision - Publications

Medical Organizations Statements on Circumcision

How the circumcision solution in Africa will increase HIV infections

Circumcision as a prophylactic against STIs and cancer

NORM COHEN: Circumcision AIDS Fraud

U.S. Navy Finds That Circumcision Does Not Prevent HIV or STIs

Male Circumcision and the HIV/AIDS Myth

Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Circumstitions.com: Circumcision and the HIV prevention myth

Circumcision in HIV-infected men and its effect on HIV transmission to female partners in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised controlled trial

PrePex in Rwanda: Male Circumcision Associated with Higher HIV Transmission and Higher Profits

Sub-Saharan and African randomized clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical, and legal concerns

STD prevalence over time: Europe vs U.S.

American Cancer Society: Penile cancer and circumcision

Circumcision the most common risk factor for hepatitis B & C infection in men in Nigeria †

Phimosis: Is circumcision necessary?

Anatomy and function

Functions of the Foreskin: Purposes of the Prepuce

Fine-touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis

Study: Circumcision Removes Most Sensitive Parts

Damage

Leaked Audio Shows Doctors’ Association LYING About Effects Of Circumcision On The Penis

Ritual circumcision and risk of autism spectrum disorder in 0- to 9-year-old boys: national cohort study in Denmark

Adult Circumcision Outcomes Study: Effect on Erectile Function, Penile Sensitivity, Sexual Activity and Satisfaction

Alexithymia and Circumcision Trauma: A Preliminary Investigation

Circumcisionharm.org

Male circumcision and sexual function in men and women: a survey-based, cross-sectional study in Denmark Circumcision was associated with frequent orgasm difficulties in Danish men and with a range of frequent sexual difficulties in women, notably orgasm difficulties, dyspareunia and a sense of incomplete sexual needs fulfillment.

Estimated U.S. Incidence of Neonatal Circumcision Complications (physical only) Affecting Males Born between 1940 and 1990

100+ circumcision deaths each year in United States

Lost Boys: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deaths

Toddler’s tragic death after circumcision

Baby dies in circumcision

A Gallery of Botched Circumcisions[NSFW]

Male Circumcision: Pain, Trauma and Psychosexual Sequelae

Study Links Circumcision to Personality Trait Disorder

Other Research:

72 peer-reviewed studies

Circumcision and law

Is circumcision legal? Does it matter?

Changes in the practice

Circumcision: Then and Now (How the procedure has become more dramatic)

Timeline of the medicalization of circumcision **

From Ritual to Science, the Medical Transformation of Circumcision in America

Mythbusting

Myths about Circumcision You Likely Believe

More Circumcision Myths You May Believe: Hygiene and STDs

NoCirc PA (archive) Myths vs Facts

Follow the money:

Circumcision: Who Profits?

Wrinkle Treatment Uses Babies’ Foreskins

Interest in circumcision more than foreskin deep

Sale of Neonatal Dermal Fibroblasts is quite lucrative.

Hair Loss Treatment Uses Baby Foreskins

Human Foreskins are Big Business for Cosmetics

Babies’ foreskins used to make cosmetics. Is this ethical?

The Foreskin Mafia

American Bias (1) (2)

Circumfetish

NoCirc.com Articles on Circumcision

For Jewish Readers:

How “Cut” Saved My Son’s Foreskin: A Movie Review By Diane Targovnik

Cut, the film Q & A

Jewish Circumcision Critics Integral in National Circumcision Debate

Jewish Circumcision: An Alternative Perspective by Jenny Goodman, MD.

On Alternative Rituals by Ronald Goldman, Ph.D.

Jewish Intactivism: Circumcision Resources

Jewish Intactivism Part II

Jewish Intactivism Part III, More Jewish Parents Are Skipping Circumcision, Keeping New Sons Intact

Jewish Voices: The Current Judaic Movement to End Circumcision: Part 1

Jewish Voices: The Current Judaic Movement to End Circumcision: Part 2

Jewish Voices: The Current Judaic Movement to End Circumcision: Part 3

Jewish Circumcision Resource Center

Jews Against Circumcision

Beyond the Bris

Brit Shalom

What is a Jewish Bris Shalom (Covenant Without Cutting)? A ‘Bloodless Bris’ is Becoming Popular Among American Jews How Judaic is circumcision? An Israeli Hebrew scholar on Biblical intactivism.

100+ Rabbis and Celebrants who lead intact covenant ceremonies worldwide.

Song for a Brit Shalom.

Bris B'lee Milah Ceremony

A Bris Shalom Ceremony

Judaism, the Foreskin and Human Rights.

Rabbis on a Brit Shalom / Covenant without Circumcision

Humanistic Jewish Movement is Increasingly Intactivist

Jewish Ethical Advancement, the Foreskin, and Human Rights | Part 1.

Jewish Ethical Advancement, the Foreskin, and Human Rights | Part 2.

Jewish Ethical Advancement, the Foreskin, and Human Rights | Part 3.

Israeli Intactivist Groups (Mostly in Hebrew)

Israeli Association Against Circumcision / Intact Son

Protect the Child / Eran Saddeh

Kahal (Jewish & Israeli Parents of Intact Sons)

Intactivism Spreads in Israel. This Time by Jews. (Israeli Intactivist Ads)

Jewish Intactivist Resources and Groups

Cut: A Movie by a Jewish Intactivist.

Questioning Circumcision. A Jewish Perspective By Ron Goldman, Ph.D.

Beyond the Bris Weblog by Rebecca Wald.

Jews Against Circumcision (Bay Area)

Jewish Intactivist Families: Jewish Parents’ Experiences Keeping their Sons Intact.

Jewish Family in Vancouver Canada Opts for a Brit Shalom

A Jewish Father’s Brit Shalom Journey

Laura Stanley: A Jewish Woman and Midwife Denounces Circumcision

Tikkun: Michael Kimmel: The Kindest Un-Cut: Feminism, Judaism, and My Son’s Foreskin

Circumcision Questions (Letter from an Intact Jew). | Published in the Northern California Jewish Bulletin.

Jewish Daily Forward: Outlawing Circumcision: Good for the Jews? By Eli Ungar-Sargon. Published in the Jewish Daily Forward.

Dear Elijah: A Conservative Jewish Father’s Letter to His Intact Son | Published on Peaceful Parenting.

Stacey Greenberg: My Son: The Little Jew with a Foreskin

The debate on neonatal male circumcision isn’t and shouldn’t be about women, but here are some links for those who think it should.

How Male Circumcision Harms Women

Why feminists should be anti-circumcision

Similarities in Attitudes and Misconceptions toward Infant Male Circumcision in North America and Ritual Female Genital Mutilation in Africa

Neonatal circumcision vs female circumcision - though comparison should not matter to the discussion on the right or wrong of performing circumcision on infants, here are some links for those who think it should.

FGC vs MGC

Difference Between: Male & Female Circumcision

On the Good for the goose, good for the gander front, many arguments used to support neonatal circumcision are the same arguments used to support female circumcision

Female circumcision does not reduce sexual activity

The Association between Female Genital Mutilation ( FGM ) and the Risk of HIV/AIDS in Kenyan Girls and Women (15-49 Years)

Yes to female circumcision?

Medical benefits of female circumcision

INDONESIA: Health official claims ‘female circumcision is not genital mutilation’

Two studies have reported that FGC is associated with decreased risk of HIV.

*Note - many of these links I obtained either from

this page

or by researching broken/outdated links on it. I’ve put them here to have them in a place that’s easy to find. I will update this page as I run across new links.

135 notes · View notes

thatwhichdoesnotsuffer · 6 years ago

Quote

Clairvoyance and imagination are the same. Clairvoyance is imagination and imagination is clairvoyance. Clairvoyance exists eternally. When an image emerges in our interior, it is then necessary to serenely examine it in order to know its contents. When the igneous rose of our Astral body (situated in the middlebrow) awakens into new activity, then the images that come internally to our imagination are accompanied with light and color. It is necessary to learn by direct experience how to differentiate between the images that are received and the images that we consciously or unconsciously create or project. It is necessary to differentiate between our own images and the outer images that come to us. The imagination has two poles, one being a receptor and the other a projector. Receiving an image is one thing. Projecting an image created by our mind is another thing. The contrary pole of the imagination is [all that is] imaginary [fantasy]. Imagination is clairvoyance. Fantasy is all the absurd images that are created by a mind filled with aberrations. Instructors must not only give practices to disciples in order to awake the frontal chakra, but they must also teach them how to control the clairvoyance. Clairvoyance is imagination. This chakra resides in the middlebrow. Imagination is translucent. For wise individuals, to imagine is to see. The Age of Reason was initiated by Aristotle. It reached its culmination with Emmanuel Kant and ends now with the birth of the new era of Aquarius. The new era of Aquarius will be the era of the intuitive humanity. We must learn to differentiate between creating an image with the mind and capturing an image that floats in the supra-sensible worlds. Many people may say, “How is it possible for me to capture an image when I am not clairvoyant?” We must answer them that imagination is the same as clairvoyance and that every human being is more or less imaginative, which means, more or less clairvoyant. The most damage that has been caused to the students of esotericism is a result of the false concept that exists about clairvoyance. The creators of this false concept are the ‘intellectuals’ who have observed the faculties of the imagination with scorn. Wanting to defend themselves from this intellectual disdain, the esotericists began to give a scientific tinge to the imagination and the name of clairvoyance or sixth sense was given to it. This attitude of the esotericists damaged themselves because they remained in confusion. Now, the esotericists (who are victims of the intellectuals) have established a terrible abyss between clairvoyance and imagination. Many people ask themselves, “How can I perceive images without being a clairvoyant?” Poor people! They do not know the treasure which they possess. They ignore that imagination is the same as clairvoyance and that every human being is more or less clairvoyant. The esotericists have wanted to convert the beautiful faculty of clairvoyance into something artificial, technical and difficult. Clairvoyance is imagination. Clairvoyance is the most beautiful, the most simple and pure flower of spirituality. When we re-conquer our lost infancy, all the images that come to our imagination are accompanied by vivid astral colors. The intellectual who despises imagination commits a grave absurdity because everything that exists in nature is a child of imagination. The artist who paints a picture is a great clairvoyant. One remains amazed before Leonardo da Vinci’s Christ or before Michelangelo’s Madonna. The artist perceives sublime images with his imagination (clairvoyance). He then places them with paint over the canvas or he carves them for his sculpture. Mozart’s Magic Flute reminds us of an Egyptian initiation... When the mother goddess of the world wants to give a toy to humans for their entertainment, she then places it in the imagination of inventors. This is how we have the radio, the airplane, the automobile, etc. When the tenebrous images of the submerged worlds are captured by the scientists, these are then converted into cannons, machine guns, bombs, etc. Therefore, the entire world is more or less clairvoyant. Imagination cannot be despised because all things are children of imagination. It is necessary to differentiate between the people who have not received any esoteric education and those who have already submitted themselves to great esoteric disciplines. Imagination evolves, develops, and progresses within the igneous rose of the universe. Those who have already caused the magic wheel of their middlebrow to rotate, possess a rich and powerful imagination and all the images which are perceived by them are accompanied with light, color, heat and sound. We do not deny the existence of clairvoyance. Clairvoyance is the sixth sense. Its chakra resides in the middlebrow and has ninety-six rays. What we want is to increase this concept and to make the student to comprehend that the other name for clairvoyance is imagination. People have forgotten how to use and control divine clairvoyance. It is necessary for our students to know that imagination is actually clairvoyance or the sixth sense situated in the middlebrow. Many people believe that imagination is purely a mental faculty and that it has nothing to do with the clairvoyant frontal chakra. This false concept is due to the disdain that intellectuals feel about imagination, and to the cunning way through which the esotericists want to make a technicality of this beautiful faculty of clairvoyance. The frontal chakra of the Astral body is intimately related with the frontal chakra of the Mental body, with the frontal chakra of the ethereal body and with the pituitary gland, situated in the middlebrow of the physical body. Therefore, imagination belongs to all the planes of the universal Consciousness. Clairvoyance is precisely the same imagination with the susceptibility of development, evolution and progress within the igneous rose of the universe.

Samael Aun Weor, Igneous Rose

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kitterahsdollhouse · 6 years ago

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The Ziz- Waterbird Lore

(I’d like to preface this by saying if I’ve missed anything or you want something clarified, feel free to send in an ask! Also, if you like the Ziz and the Waterbirds and would like to make one, feel free! [and tag me cause I’d love to see])

There are four varieties of Ziz, the Waterbirds, Raptors, Songbirds and Pygmies. They all live near the same peninsula, with Waterbirds found wheeling about the air or swimming though the water near the cliffs, beaches and small islands dotting the outer edges of the peninsula that they inhabit. There they create homes in caves on the cliffs or stone huts on the beaches and islands. The climate they live in is generally warm to mild year round due to its low elevation, the climate is much like the Songbird’s forest, though the cool ocean breeze keeps it from being as warm. Waterbirds form very small and tight knit communities which are usually family based but are generally aloof to other ziz, including other Waterbirds, and humans. Because of their size and strength compared to other Ziz, Waterbirds are also sometimes called ‘Giants’.

Waterbirds, as mentioned, are grouped generally in very small, tight knit, familial communities that keep to themselves. There may be multiple groups together, even at sea, but many of them won’t interact without cause. They are not territorial like Raptors, so there’s generally no need for defense but neither are they as communal as the Songbirds. Of course, in times of need Waterbirds may flock together, specially out at sea to hunt and stay safe in larger groups. The leader of each flock is usually the oldest, looked up to for wisdom or experience, though an act of bravery may place a younger member as the lead instead. The easiest way to tell flocks apart without knowing their songs is how they decorate their clothing and hair.

Coming in at the second least human looking, Waterbirds have many physical traits that set them apart from Ziz or humans. They’re the largest of the Ziz, ranging from around 5’-6’. All Ziz have four toes, with the fourth toe actually more like a thumb it’s able to be placed forward, against the other three, or separate to wrap around a branch for steady walking though Waterbirds also have webbing between their toes, except the “thumb” to help them when they dive or swim through the ocean. Even their hands have webbing up to the first knuckle. Their legs are a bit longer proportionally to keep their large wings from dragging on the ground.

Water birds also have a sort of “pouch” under their chin, much like a pelican, for carrying fresh water on long distance flights or when drinking water might be scarce. A muscle keeps the pouch taunt if it is empty and, when it is full, contracts to allow them to swallow the water. An empty pouch of a young Waterbird often looks indistinguishable from a human chin, while an elder’s pouch may sag from years of use. To accommodate the pouch, the Waterbird’s jaw protrudes from their face more so than a human or any other Ziz.

Unlike most other Ziz, Water birds do not have great night vision and so are not very active in the dark, but while their eyes have two iris’ like all Ziz, they also have a clear eye lid to help protect their eyes in the water. Oddly, they are the only Ziz to have feathers other than on their wings or heads. Downy feathers covering their chests to help keep their core temperature up while they are in cooler waters. Oil glands cover their wing and chest feathers to make them water proof.

Long, large and narrow wings attach below the shoulders to a second set of “shoulder blades”. The Waterbirds have the largest wings of all Ziz, even in proportion to their body. They are noisy fliers and clumsy at ground take-off, but great at soaring long distances or close over the water surface. Hollow bones allow for flight, but make them rather weak physically (though they can attack and defend with their strong magic). Waterbirds are physically the strongest Ziz, but still only about as strong as a human. Waterbird wings come in a variety of patterns of white, brown, black, and an iridescent greenish or blueish black. Neither colors nor patterns are hereditary. Some Waterbirds, due to diet, may have their feathers dyed, usually green, blue or pink. The dye from their diet may, or may not, also affect their hair.

Unsurprisingly, due to their close proximity to the ocean, the Waterbird’s diet consists mostly of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and just about any other seafood they can get their somewhat webbed hands on, as well as greens like kelp and seaweeds. While they need help opening the stronger shells of mollusks, like clams, their strong jaws can easily rip through the shells of crustaceans. Those who live with a close supply may also supplement their diet with greens from the land, though since their wings are best for soaring and diving, they generally do not hunt land animals. They may also eat fruit, grains and red meat, but fish are especially important to create the waterproofing oil that coats their feathers.

As with all Ziz, communication up close is done with the Ziz language which is full of chirping, clicking, whistles and other sounds. For long distance calls, instead of the screeching of Raptors or lilting songs of Songbirds, Waterbirds have long, crooning calls. They’re almost eerie to hear echoing across the ocean, especially at night. While not as melodic as a Songbird’s songs, their call is pretty in its own right, varying in length, complication and length of notes. Like with Songbirds and Raptors, each flock will have its own distinctive calls.

Magic, for Waterbirds, comes as naturally as is does for Songbirds. However, while Songbirds use it to live in harmony with the trees of their forest, and Raptors use it to enhance their skills, Waterbirds use magic to still waters, find food, build nests and all in all, survive. They do, of course, have offensive and defensive spells as well, just like any other Ziz species.

Courtship and mating is done year round, usually by the interested party presenting unique shells. These shells may be presented as is or may be made into jewelry and presented. It usually takes Waterbirds a while to warm up to each other due to how aloof they are. Since flocks are mostly familial, unions are almost always between Waterbirds of different flocks, creating an extra barrier between courtship, Though, it is easier to approach if a Waterbird in interested in another since they’re not a territorial species.

Waterbirds’ mating is usually for life, with the Ziz which was wooed leaving their flock. That isn’t to say they will never see their family again or never visit, but they are considered to have changed flocks. Waterbirds may also mate with Raptors who will then usually live with the Waterbirds as they can’t be far from their source of fish. There have been cases where living close to a source of freshwater fish have allowed Waterbirds to live happily with Raptors away from the ocean. Children born of a mixed species couple will be one or the other. This is determined by gender. The child will generally be the same species of the parent with the same gender, however there are a few exceptions.

Children are cared for until they are strong enough to hunt for themselves, but since flocks, especially familial flocks are so tight knit, Waterbirds stay until they are wooed away. If the flock has to travel, children are either carried on the backs of the strongest fliers or, if they are too young to hold on, slings are made and they are carried close to the Waterbird’s downy chest. Parents and children from a close bond until the child gains independence, but the bond never fully goes away.

Waterbird’s clothing is made from woven leaf fibers, much like a songbird, but it will not always be from land plants and may in fact be from kelp or seaweed. Their clothing and hair will be decorated with seashells or maybe even shells of claws from animals like crabs or lobsters. They don’t mark themselves with paints like Raptors do, but as decorations are handed down through families and certain shells are only attainable in certain places, each flock creates a unique and distinctive way of decorating clothing and hair.

#Ziz #Waterbird #Waterbird Lore #Ziz Lore #this is the most I've written on any Ziz!#in captivity many waterbirds are used for fishing or guards

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malev0lent-entity · 2 years ago

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The Facial Construction of the Equus Mutatio

Dr. Mix Method

Canterlot Biology Institute

The Equus Mutatio, more commonly known as the Changeling, possesses a facial structure that greatly resembles that of an equine, though its composition has evolved to suit this creature’s parasitic nature. The head is formed of seven dark gray chitinous pieces: two mandibles, two eye plates, two ear shells, and the skull plate. The skull plate supports a pair of antennae and a spiraled horn. The antennae appear to be its primary sensory organ and are highly receptive to olfactory, tactile, and arcane stimuli.

The horn, similar to a unicorn, is used as a focus for its primitive form of magic. It is primarily used for polymorphing and feeding, though it is capable of telekinesis. The extent of its ability to mimic unicorn magic is unknown. The horn also appears to hold a social function, as Changelings have been observed locking horns in ritual combat.

Upon closer inspection, its mane is not made of hair. Rather, they are elongated keratin scales located along the neck and head, similar to a moth. It is thinner and stiffer than true hair. This false mane has only been observed in queens, with drones having a frill in its place. The social and biological implications of this difference are unknown. Both known queens have presented with teal false manes. It is unknown if color variations are possible.

Its eyes are unique. It lacks the compound eyes seen in drones, its structure more closely resembles a pony. Granted, it’s a faint resemblance. The sclera has a green tint. Its slit pupil allows for adaptable vision. The Changeling’s night vision is far superior to its day vision, polymorphing’s effect on its vision is unknown. The most distinctive ocular structure is its double iris. The true purpose of this feature is unknown, but the most prominent theory is that the outer ring controls arcane intake, while the inner ring regulates light intake.

The most strikingly unique feature of Changeling's facial structure is its jaw. As it is a carnivorous parasite, it sustains itself on love magic forcibly extracted from its prey. Ponies are its preferred source, but it is an opportunist that will feed on anything that crosses its path. Its hunting methods are based on mimicry. Glands near the base of its tongue produce green silk to ensnare prey. It then bites the victim to inject a magical venom. This venom causes the victim’s love to manifest physically in the bloodstream. The changeling then consumes the body, often while they are still alive.

Due to the brutality of this process, it has evolved a highly unique mouth and jaw. Its teeth are sharp and densely packed in order to shred meat. The prominent upper canines are both hollow for venom injection and able to fold back into the mouth to accommodate their length. The folding hollow fangs, forked tongue, and certain vocalizations may suggest that the Changeling species has serpentine ancestry alongside the insectoid. The lower jaw is bisected, the center split being lined with a flexible keratin material that allows it to spread to over double its original width. This likely developed to counter its equine-like narrow muzzle and provide more flexibility than the hard chitin plates.

We still know little about this mysterious creature, but current observation is bearing fruit. More research is needed on its internal structure and social behaviors.

#my little pony #mutatioverse #academic papers #in-universe academia

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valty-heater-uk · 2 years ago

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Valty Heater UK: check price, benefits and customer feedback 2022

How cold weather affects the human body:

We all experience cold weather differently. If you are tall, you tend to become cold faster than a shorter person. Taller people have a bigger surface area; meaning heat is lost from the body quicker. Even though people react to cold weather differently, as a species we are extremely adaptable.

What happens when we get cold? The human body has several defense mechanisms to try and boost our core temperature when it gets chilly. Our muscles shiver and teeth chatter. Our hairs rise and our flesh forms 'goosebumps' - a kind of evolutionary echo from the times when our ancestors were covered in fur. The hypothalamus, the gland in the brain that acts as your body's thermostat, stimulates these reactions to keep the body's vital organs warm, at least until it can find some kind of warmth and shelter.

The hypothalamus's mission is to keep the core warm at all costs - sacrificing the extremities if need be. That's why we feel pins and needles in our fingers and toes in extreme cold - the body is keeping its warm blood close to the center, constricting blood supply in the outer regions such as the end of our limbs. In extreme cold, and especially if bare skin is open to the elements, this effect can end in frostbite. Blood flow is reduced, and the lack of warm blood can lead to tissue freezing and rupturing.

Cold weather can put increased stress on our cardiovascular system. Cold temperatures cause your blood vessels to constrict, shallow breathing, and a slight thickening of the blood. These changes can cause chest pain in people with heart disease. When you're outside in cold conditions, make sure to wrap up warm, being careful to cover up your extremities.

Cold temperatures can cause problems for asthma sufferers. Cold, dry air causes the air passages in the lungs of some asthma sufferers to contract, making it difficult to breathe. When it comes to the cold, it is not just about being outside. It is important to understand that keeping your house warm during the winter months is essential.

Cold, dry air can also worsen conditions such as eczema by drying out the skin. Even if you may not feel like it, it's important to drink lots of water in the winter months in order to stay hydrated and avoid dry, flaky skin.

Therefore, use of a heater during the winter is a must.

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Three colors to choose between blue, white and light green.

Smooth finishes with nickel plating on the edges and rounded corners.

Instant-hot heating, you will notice the heat within 5-10 seconds of having the appliance connected.

Ideal as a desktop radiator thanks to its small space.

Energy savings of up to 20% compared to heaters that heat less.

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Limited stocks

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Official Website: https://ipsnews.net/business/2022/09/24/valty-heater-uk-reviews-exposed-scam-you-need-to-know/

#Valty Heater UK