#interspecifics

[packpack-killkill]

Northwestern Wolf & Mountain Coyote | Nakul Nagaraj

[unlived-past]

[tigerleopardlion]

African Leopard & Eastern Serval | triorache56

[otto-sea-main]

Yoooo, just found out my fanfic put Sneaky Sasquatch in the video game category instead of miscellaneous! Check it out maybe?

It’s actually kind of badly written.

[easterncoyoteenthusiast]

The Anthropocene/Conservation Cont.

Individuals across a variety of species alter their environments (e.g., beavers build dams, birds build nests, and earthworms physically/chemically alter soil) in a process called “niche construction.” Humans excel at this kind of activity and often participate in ways that “[use] phenomenal amounts of energy” [1, p. 28]. Unfortunately, this often results in “collateral consequences for climate, species diversity, and landscapes” [1, p. 30]. In response to the acceleration and accumulation of these consequences, it has been proposed that we have left the Holocene and entered into a new geological age called the “Anthropocene.”

Among other things, the Anthropocene is “a tool with which to focus attention on the current role of Homo sapiens in altering the Earth as a whole, and is a shorthand descriptor of that phenomenon” [1, p. 27]. It has become central to many analyses of human-animal relations and has called for us to do away with dualistic thinking of nature/society—with nature existing firmly outside the sphere of human society [2]. Rutherford, for example, has stated that “for all of its conceits around the importance of humans to the stories of the earth, it does invite a recognition that the world only operates via entanglement” [3, p. 215].

In light of this, I would like to acknowledge a study of mammalian movement in response to anthropogenic activity. Tucker et al. have determined that anthropogenic activities are "not only causing the loss of habitat and diversity, but also [affect] how animals move through fragmented and disturbed areas" [4, p. 9; see also 5-8]. Mammalian movements were typically two-to-three times smaller in areas with comparatively high instances of human presence compared to the same movements in areas with lower instances of human presence [4, p. 9]. This was attributed to both (1) an "individual-behavioral effect, where individuals alter their movements relative to" human activity, and (2) "a species-occurrence effect, where certain species that exhibit long-range movement" change their behavior to no longer reside in areas with high instances of human presence [4, pp. 11-12]. In terms of conservation, the authors conclude that animal movements should be considered a key conservation metric and that the goal should be maintaining landscape permeability [4, p. 13].

While most nations have some kind of endangered species legislation in place to prevent the loss of biodiversity, the majority of current conservation policies, practices, and conceptual frameworks are ill-suited to the Anthropocene because they were created "before there was widespread awareness of the unprecedented pace and magnitude of environmental change caused by humans" [9, p. 107]. Kareiva and Fuller recommend that we should instead be anticipating future impacts and "establishing goals that [reflect] the best science as to what is feasible in the future" [9, p. 108]; in short, a review and potential overhaul of current practices and/or conceptual frameworks because "nature is not a business, nor should it be run as one" [9, p. 111].

References:

[1] Boggs, C. (2016). Human Niche Construction and the Anthropocene. RCC Perspectives, 2, 27–32. www.jstor.org/stable/26241355

[2] Fredriksen, A. (2016). Of wildcats and wild cats: Troubling species-based conservation in the Anthropocene. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 34(4), 689-705. doi.org/10.1177/0263775815623539

[3] Rutherford, S. (2018). The Anthropocene’s animal? Coywolves as feral cotravelers. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 1(1-2), 206-223. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848618763250

[4] Tucker, M.A., Böhning-Gaese, K., Fagan, W.F., Fryxell, J., Moorter, B.V., Alberts, S.C., … Mueller, T. (2018). Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements. Science, 359(6374), 466-469.

[5] Patterson, B.R., Bondrup-Nielsen, S., & Messier, F. (1999). Activity patterns and daily movements of the eastern coyote, Canis latrans, in Nova Scotia. Canadian Field Naturalist, 113(2), 251-257. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285966455

[6] Way, J.G. (2011). Eastern coyote/coywolf (Canis latrans x lycaon) movement patterns: Lessons learned in urbanized ecosystems. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 4(1), Article 2. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cate/vol4/iss1/2

[7] Way, J.G. (2021). Coywolf: Eastern coyote genetics, ecology, management, and politics. Eastern Coyote/Coywolf Research, Barnstable, Massachusetts. www.easterncoyoteresearch.com/Coywolf/

[8] Way, J.G., Ortega, I.M., & Strauss, E.G. (2004). Movement and activity patterns of eastern coyotes in a coastal, suburban environment. Northeastern Naturalist, 11(3), 237-254. www.jstor.org/stable/3858416

[9] Kareiva, P. & Fuller, E. (2016). Beyond resilience: How to better prepare for the profound disruption of the Anthropocene. Global Policy, 7(Suppl. 1), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12330

TL;DR:

Humans are niche constructors who greatly alter the environment

The degree to which anthropogenic alterations occur has led to the suggestion that we have left the Holocene and entered the Anthropocene

The Anthropocene is a central concept in contemporary human-wildlife analyses and invites a recognition of entanglement

Conservation practices, etc. may need an overhaul to account for the degree of anthropogenic impact on wildlife/the environment

Hybridization | DNA Analyses | Range & Diet | Behavior & Ecology | Attitudes | Conservation

[famousartistduh]

This is so cute. 🥹 Interspecific allopreening is a fascinating concept. I've never heard about it until now. The more you know.

every single day I think about how american black vultures are known for engaging in interspecific allopreening (preening between different species)

and they have a specific relationship with crested caracaras, in which the black vultures assist them by not only preening them after meals but also leading them to food in the first place— due to their superior sense of smell— while the caracaras assist the black vultures by acting as a warning signal in case of danger

and while this is more typical of black vultures, this is not common at all for any member of the falconidae family— it’s a special bond!

yet another post in favor of vultures everyone , hope you enjoy:) and I implore you to do some more research on these incredible birds !!

EDIT: I meant interspecific allopreening! excuse my typo!

[pac-elsner-sales]

Pelargonium pac® TWOinONE

It's slowly entering the "hot" phase!

The cutting season for our interspecific all-weather beauties is slowly approaching its peak.

Cuttings from our mother plants in Kenya are arriving in increasing quantities every week and are being turned into young plants in a wide range of varieties according to customer requirements.

https://pac-elsner.com Tel +49 35248 3991-0

[typhlonectes]

Integrative taxonomy reveals two new giant pill-millipedes of the genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from eastern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)

Ruttapon Srisonchai, Natdanai Likhitrakarn, Chirasak Sutcharit, Thomas Wesener

Abstract

A large amount of material of the millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 was collected during 2014–2023 from many parts of eastern Thailand. An integrative study of morphological characters and genetic data (COI gene) revealed two new species:  Z. chantaburiensis Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov. and Z. macula Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov.  The two new species clearly differ from other congeners by their unique characteristics, especially in their colour pattern and telopod shape. The interspecific genetic distances of the 658 bp COI gene barcoding fragment between these new species and all other species of giant pill-millipede from Thailand, Laos and Cambodia are 12.01–23.49% for Z. chantaburiensis sp. nov. and 17.93–25.13% for Z. macula sp. nov.  While relationships among species remain preliminary, the phylogenetic tree shows that species of Zephronia are interspersed with species of Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924 and Prionobelum Verhoeff, 1924. Phylogenetic analyses place both new species in a clade termed Zephronia s.s., which receives support also from morphological data, showing a unique position of the organ of Tömösváry. Z. macula sp. nov. appears to occur over a broad distribution whereas Z. chantaburiensis sp. nov. was found only at the type locality. Given that all known records are in the eastern part of Thailand, we thus regard both species as endemic. Morphological illustrations based on SEM micrographs and a distribution map are also provided.

Read the paper here:

Integrative taxonomy reveals two new giant pill-millipedes of the genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from eastern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae) (pensoft.net)

[rederiswrites]

Look, man, an interspecific cross of peach, apricot, and plum sounds like a thing I would love to put in my mouth for sure, and I mean,

Gorgeous! But I feel like if I were in the meeting, I would have suggested we workshop the trade name a little more before trademarking the word "peacotum". (source)

[potatosapien5]

Meet Lycognathus(otherwise known as the spiderdog)! This small carnivore wanders the plains that grow between forest colonies, preying on a wide variety of both small and large ‘animals’(aka mobile heterotrophic organisms). This creature may be small, but it packs a powerful venom in its two intimidating fangs, which it uses mainly to dispatch prey, though it won’t hesitate to bite in defense if it feels threatened. This species is mainly solitary, but will occasionally hunt in pairs or engage in mobbing behavior when scavenging. Lycognathidae is a large and diverse class, but most lycognathids are small and nocturnal. 

This took way too long to do, I really need to work out a style that both looks nice and doesn’t consume an extreme amount of my time. Hopefully once I figure that out I’ll be on track to making more finished pieces faster! 

Detailed lore below here: 

The genus Lycognathus was one of the first mobile organisms on the fluffbugs’ planet to be named scientifically by humans. Several small species were named before, but they quickly became invalid when the Interspecific Cultural Exchange Act was passed. Within this act were the negotiations conducted with delegates from the fluffbug planet, who agreed that no official human designations for any living organisms (and also some non-living artifacts) could be assigned unless the people who live in the same region of an organism approve its designation. 

The fluffbugs did have a reason for this. They made the case that humanity couldn’t know if their taxonomic conventions would apply at all to a completely different planet, and that many organisms already have names, just ones unpronounceable to humans, along with cultural and religious significance, and so therefore ignoring these facts is tantamount to a violation of a people’s right to cultural heritage. 

Despite a few reservations, human scientists agreed, though still stressing the importance of classification in scientific research. Therefore, when necessary, a human science organization could propose a designation for approval of the fluffbug cultures and their delegates. 

Most organisms are referred to with rough translations of their native names, which ends up in names such as earthrazer(aka “the one who uproots the ground”). This system is flawed, but it has mostly succeeded in keeping relations between the two sophont species peaceful. 

Lycognathus was, as mentioned before, one of the first species to be approved. This isn’t to say the fluffbugs of the world(since lycognathids exist across all nearly all dry terrestrial regions of the planet) weren’t hesitant, but most didn’t have too much personal history with the clade. Several attempts were made to domesticate Lycognathus species specifically, and despite them having many tendencies that would make them prime candidates for hunting aids, all attempts failed, mainly due to the danger these species posed to anyone who wasn’t careful. It’s hard to want to keep around your new pet dog-spider after it kills your child in one bite.

Hopefully I can get into successful domestication cases soon, and talk about one of my favorite aspects of fluffbug culture. But for now, my wrists are hurting like crazy haha. 

[packpack-killkill]

Southern Bat-eared Fox & Southern Black-backed Jackal | tessabrunette

[plant-bot]

Elephant

Exhibit: Point Red, Point Yellow, Point Green

Standing at roughly 3 to 5 feet tall at the shoulder, elephants are medium sized mammaloids that are known for their ability to rapidly reproduce and colonize habitats. Curiously, elephants only have one sex and reproduction seems to begin during bouts of interspecific conflicts in which the elephants "joust" and puncture the hides of other elephants. After these conflicts, gestation begins and lasts 8 to 12 weeks before a litter of 4 to 6 pups are born.

Their aggression is so intense that larger predators tend to vacate areas where elephants begin to proliferate. This, and their tendency to strip away all other life have earned infested areas the name of Elephant Graveyards.

Extreme caution is advised.

[tangerinesgirl]

Kinktober 2024 - October 16th

Nipple Play // Cock Worship // Lactation

Herr König x Fem!Reader

Rating: 18+, explicit

Word count: 1.1k

Warnings: pregnancy talk, non-human/interspecific pregnancy/xenopregnancy, (lots of) breast milk, with addictive qualities, weight gain/feedism, button popping, creampie, unprotected sex, dom!Reader, sub!König, light praise kink, cockwarming

Notes: this one is my personal favourite of the whole month tbh. I hope you all enjoy it as much as I did writing it.

Kinktober List || Masterlist || AO3

Ever since giving birth your breasts have been painfully full. As soon as you finish pumping, it's not long before having to pump again. Where the fuck does it all come from?

You admit your pregnancy wasn't a normal one, König still very secretive about his programme here. You signed up over ten months ago now, but König decided to keep you around for extra observation. You also like his company. Even if he does have his secrets, he looks after you wholeheartedly. Caring for you and the baby.

The baby seems like any other regular human being, so you're confused why you remember that...thing, impregnating you. So it makes sense your milk was different, tailored as nutrition for a creature. You just didn't realise you would be leaking constantly like a faulty faucet.

Your hormones were bad throughout the pregnancy, but now they were even worse. You guess that it explains your excessive milk production. When you weren't pumping milk, you were pumping your fingers inside you.

König has caught you on occasion doing this and insists that's his job, scolding you. You admit to him that it's pretty much constant and he won't be able to keep up, but he is adamant.

Anyways, what were you saying? Ah yes the lactation. You lost count how many bottles you were producing, but König insists you keep going.

As soon as you started pumping, König had asked you to try some, for scientific purposes. Which later developed into a kink. It eased the pain for you, and it got him off, so it was a win win in your eyes.

You've been producing so much, you think König has been putting on weight, and oh boy does it suit him. Every time he would reach to grab you something, his shirt would ride up. The sight of his belly peaking out had you going feral.

He knows that his weight gain is a turn on for you too. Recently, while watching you breastfeed, he would pull up a chair and sit down with a deep sigh. His legs spreading, undoing his belt to get comfortable. Groaning as his belly pushes out of the button on his his white slacks. He has a small amount of hair on his chest, you're certain he never used to have a lot before the pregnancy. Probably another side effect of your milk?

But he was especially gifted in the snail trail region. An attractive amount of hair teasing it's way down to his lap. It should come with a sign saying "LICK HERE" with an arrow pointing downwards.

Leaning back in the chair, he would start stroking his stomach, trailing down to his cock, his hand resting there. You've never seen anything sexier.

"Any left for me?"

"Maybe...have you been a good boy?", you start packing up the equipment and walk over to him.

Looming over him, you straddle his lap, hitching up your dress to make you more comfortable. König nods his head, looking at you longingly. His hands drift towards your breasts when you grab his wrists, throwing them behind his head, pinning them to the wall.

You lift up his head with your index finger, he's clearly enjoying this as you feel his erection growing in his pants. He smirks at you, blinking slowly, enamoured.

Keeping his hands pinned with one hand, you take off his glasses with another, throwing them over your shoulder and onto the carpet. Your breasts are already leaking. His gaze drifts down and notices, subtly licking his lips, biting them to cover up his neediness.

"So eager...", your hand caresses his cheek.

"I want something in return first", you bargain with him, grinding down on his lap.

He scrunches the corner of his lips, thinking.

"I'm sure we can come to an arrangement."

You lean forward to kiss him, your grip on his wrists easing off. Your fingers tangle in his hair as König starts pulling down his pants. You feel his cock bouncing free, hitting the inside of your thigh.

You've only been wearing loose sun dresses lately. All your underwear has been way too uncomfortable to wear too.

Your hands drift down to his cock, palming him a few times before inserting himself into you. Your fingers dig into his shoulders for stability as you sink down, his entire length filling you up perfectly.

You keep him inside you as you direct König's hand to your breasts. He groans as he massages them, "fuck, so beautiful".

Your stomach flips at his words, moaning as he starts to play with your nipples.

It's not long before his fingers are replaced with his tongue as he starts licking, milk leaking out of them. His hands on your shoulders, holding you down on his cock as you squirm at König nibbling at your sensitive buds.

You start to move your body, grinding against König, the feeling of his belly hitting against yours making your mind spiral. It was incredibly hot to you how your milk was changing his body, addicted to the liquid gold you were producing.

König's face rubs into your breasts, his five-o-clock shadow slightly scratching your skin. You told him to start growing his facial hair out, thinking he would suit it. The mental image of a beard AND his belly has you foaming at the mouth with lust. He said he would think about it, but you always have a way of getting what you want with him.

The pressure in your breasts starts to lift as König drinks deep, lifting them up, kneeding them, relieving some of the weight off your back.

Your hands start to drift towards your clit, as you near your orgasm.

"König I'm close-"

But he's too entranced with your breasts.

Arching your back playing with your bundle of nerves, way more sensitive now after giving birth, your body tenses up as you reach climax. Your toes curl as your walls grip König's cock tight, making him cum too.

His cock twitches inside you as his seed fills you up. König moaning, still licking at your chest. You relax your body and keep him inside you as he finishes lapping up your breast milk.

Your tuck your hair behind your ear, watching König devour you. Shit how is he still going? You place a hand on his head as a subtle signal to stop. He gazes up at you, mouth wide open, clearly on cloud nine, when you feel his cock inside you, already growing hard, smiling.

You're a bit gobsmacked at how quickly he's recovered and ready to go for round two already, still feeling the cum dripping out of you.

Fucking hell... this breast milk will be the death of you.

...Not that you're complaining.

[thatwobblychair]

CoD Baddies as Bears!

What if the bad guys were also bears! Part 3

See part 2 and 1 for 141 and good guys as bears

Even more bear facts because bears are love, bears are life. 🐻🐻‍❄️🧬

Makarov: Ussuri Brown Bear "Russian Grizzly Bear"

Ursus arctos lasiotus

Also known as the Ezo Brown bear or Black Grizzly bear, this subspecies of Eurasian Brown Bear is one of the largest, with some individuals approaching the Kodiak Bear in size.

Similar to the Kamchatka Brown Bear, it differs with an elongated skull, longer nasal bones, elevated forehead and is darker in colour with some individuals being pure black.

Siberian (Amur) tigers and other bears are it's only natural predators, with documented tiger and bear interspecific competitions. Ussuri brown bears will often scavenge tiger kills and or kill smaller tigers, while Tigers are known to hunt young and sub-adult bears (bears making a significant portion of their diet).

Graves: Louisiana Black Bear

Ursus americanus luteolus

A subspecies* of the American Black Bear (U. a. americanus), the Louisiana Black Bear has been historically found in Louisiana, Mississippi, East Texas and Arkansas.

It is not substantially different from the American Black Bear, though it has a longer, flatter, narrower skull and larger molars in comparison. It's colouration is typically black, though some individuals have been known to be brown/red-brown cinnamon. It is Louisiana's official state mammal.

*The validity of this subspecies has been repeatedly debated.

Valeria: Sloth Bear "Indian Bear"

Melursus ursinus

A native species to the Indian Subcontinent, this medium sized bear feeds on ants, termites and fruit. It is also called the "labiated bear" due to its long lower lip and palate which is used to eat insects.

It's fur is pure black aside from the white "Y" or "V" patch on its chest though this can be absent in some individuals. They are similar in size with the Asian Black Bear though distinguished with it's shaggy mane, white 'sickle' claws, and rangier build.

This species is the most aggressive to humans with the largest number of recorded attacks due to a combination of close human cohabitation and a theorised predisposition to aggressive behaviour from constant attacks by tigers, leopards, rhinos and elephants.

Captain Williamson in his Oriental Field Sports (1819) wrote of how sloth bears rarely killed their human victims outright, but would suck and chew on their limbs till they were reduced to bloody pulps.

They are not known to be man eaters despite attacking humans. One individual in Mysore (Mysuru), India was recorded to have killed at least 12 people and mutilated 24 before it's death in 1957.

Shepherd: Koala "Koala Bear"**

Phascolarctos cinereus

**not a bear

An arboreal marsupial native to Australia that feeds primarily on Eucalyptus leaves. Koalas are asocial with bonding only taking place between mothers and dependant offspring. They are largely sedentary and will sleep upwards to 20 hours a day.

The word "koala" came from the Dharug word "gula" - no water. The 'u' sound was originally written phonetically as 'oo' and then became 'oa'. The three syllable pronunciation may be erroneous as a result.

White settlers adopted the 'koala' indigenous loan word in reference to the animal, where it was also referred to as, the "native bear", or the "koala bear" due to its supposed bear-ish resemblance.

+

Info from Wikipedia. Please let me know if I screwed up somewhere. 🐻

[easterncoyoteenthusiast]

Behavior & Ecology: Activity/Movement Patterns & Territory

The risk of interspecific predation is, by definition, absent for apex predators living within a natural system. Once that system has been significantly and anthropogenically altered, this will not always remain the case. Various studies [1-2] have determined that apex predators are capable of perceiving and responding to anthropogenic risks and will do so in ways akin to those exhibited by natural prey species. Like other canid species, coywolves will exhibit altered activity patterns, shifting away from areas and/or times of increased human presence [3-6], therefore decreasing the risk of potentially lethal encounters with people.

Activity patterns—ranging from movement to foraging to grooming [4]—allow an animal to efficiently exploit its environment while minimizing risk and are influenced by a variety of environmental and individual factors [3]. Movement patterns are a subset of activity patterns and significantly impact home range and territory sizes, habitat utilization, and population density [7].

In altering these patterns, coywolves have increased their odds of successfully living alongside humans. Studies of their activity and movement patterns throughout various (sub)urban areas show little to no diurnal movement, moderate amounts of crepuscular activity, and high rates of nocturnal activity [4-8]. High rates of diurnal activity are only typical of populations that either (1) live farther from humans or (2) face lower rates of persecution [3-6].

In forested and largely undisturbed areas, for example, activity is usually spread equally throughout the day [4-5]. Possible explanations for this include differences in the availability of cover, prey activity patterns, and human-coyote interactions. It may be that these differences are also reflective of sex differences in mate search and parental activities. Males have been found to travel the farthest, and their mean daily distances are markedly greater than those of females, especially during the breeding season [4-6]. This increase in movement has been attributed to either (1) unpaired male coyotes traveling farther to find receptive mates or (2) increased territoriality.

Home range and territory are synonymous. While the first refers to an area regularly visited in search of food or mates, the latter expands on the definition by implying a level of protectiveness against outsiders—in other words, they become territorial. Most wild canids exhibit a high level of territoriality, so most of their home range will also be their territory. In coywolves, this will equate to between 5 and 10 square miles (12.9–25.9 km^2) in (sub)urban areas and 15-20 square miles (38.8–51.8 km^2) in rural areas [5]. Because they can travel long distances quickly (usually 10-15 mi [16.1–24.1 km] per day) [5; 4, 6-7], they may be located anywhere within their home range at any given time.

Because "older, well-established individuals effectively guard considerably larger areas from other packs" [5, p. 83], coywolves as a whole are likely to stabilize—or even decrease—their own numbers without the aid of hunting and trapping measures. The typical pack size falls between 3 and 5 members, consisting of the breeding pair and their offspring [5]. It is common for people to overestimate the size of a pack; when howling, changes in intonation, pitch, and volume can easily make a pack of 3 sound like a pack of 10 [5].

References:

[1] Brook, L.A., Johnson, C.N., & Ritchie, E.G. (2012). Effects of predator control on behavior of an apex predator and indirect consequences for mesopredator suppression. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(6), 1278-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02207.x

[2] Hertel, A.G., Zedrosser, A., Mysterud, A., Stoen, O.G., Steyaert, S.M.J.G., & Swenson, J.E. (2016). Temporal effects of hunting on foraging behavior of an apex predator: Do bears forego foraging when risk is high? Oecologia, 182, 1019-1029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-016-3729-8

[3] Kitchen, A.M., Gese, E.M., & Schauster, E.R. (2000). Changes in coyote activity patterns due to reduced exposure to human persecution. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78(5), 853-857. https://doi.org/10.1139/z00-003

[4] Patterson, B.R., Bondrup-Nielsen, S., & Messier, F. (1999). Activity patterns and daily movements of the eastern coyote, Canis latrans, in Nova Scotia. Canadian Field Naturalist, 113(2), 251-257. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285966455

[5] Way, J.G. (2021). Coywolf: Eastern coyote genetics, ecology, management, and politics. Eastern Coyote/Coywolf Research, Barnstable, Massachusetts. www.easterncoyoteresearch.com/Coywolf/

[6] Way, J.G., Ortega, I.M., & Strauss, E.G. (2004). Movement and activity patterns of eastern coyotes in a coastal, suburban environment. Northeastern Naturalist, 11(3), 237-254. www.jstor.org/stable/3858416

[7] Way, J.G. (2011). Eastern coyote/coywolf (Canis latrans x lycaon) movement patterns: Lessons learned in urbanized ecosystems. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 4(1), Article 2. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cate/vol4/iss1/2

[8] Way, J.G., Cifuni, S.M., Eatough, D.L., & Strauss, E.G. (2006). Rat poison kills a pack of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans, in an urban area. Canadian Field Naturalist, 120(4), 478-480.

Photo credit:

Way, J.G., Ortega, I.M., & Strauss, E.G. (2004). Graphs of activity patterns for coyotes on Cape Cod, MA, between June 1998-May 2000 [digital photograph]. Accessed 09 April 2023, www.jstor.org/stable/3858416, pp. 244-245.

TL;DR:

To decrease potentially lethal encounters with humans, coywolves will become primarily nocturnal

In undisturbed and forested areas, coywolves are more active throughout the day

Coywolves regulate their own numbers within a given area

A pack of coywolves (averaging 3-5 members) can easily sound larger than it is because of pitch, intonation, and volume changes while howling

Hybridization | DNA Analyses | Range & Diet | Attitudes | Conservation | The Anthropocene

[dragonthunders01]

Spectember D22: Interspecific display

In the late Jurassic of north America, where titanic sauropods, ferocious theropods and a myriad of different dinosaurs should roam there I instead titanic dicynodonts and derived elephant sized Traversodontids wanders on the forests, hunted down by a variety of predatory Mammaliaforms and diverse cynodonts, and below many minor other synapsids and small new diapsids roams as middle size fauna, this world never saw any archosauromorphs rise as they became extinct in the Permian, leaving the Triassic and Jurassic to be fully dominated by the second wave of synapsids after the great dying and the minor constrains of an even weaker Triassic/Jurassic mass extinction.

With that and the time given it allowed some groups to diversify in ways they couldn’t have done in our timeline, specially for dicynodonts which apart of being the largest terrestrial animals here they also have been experimenting in other niches as aquatic herbivores, scavengers and even some small carnivores, and so many herbivores developing different fighting or extravagant ornaments in order to show their strength and good gene pool for any possible mate. This is where the Branched Warmcorns (Calenocristas multichromus) comes into play, coming from a lineage of more gracile forms than the usual beaked behemoth, they are around 2 meters long and they are the largest most flamboyant animals of the forestall regions, the young males and females are often dull colored with only a handful of prominent minor crests and horns, but an adult male in their peak would expose a series of very large ornamental crests and horns that bright in very warm colorations, including a variety of yellows, pinks, oranges and reds, all reflecting from a light blue face up to the back of the head. The bright adult has often to be dealing either with predators as well with other large males or just recently grown younger individuals that defy their domain over specific territories, normally with constant head ramming and even biting. They live in groups of 20 individuals, often a bull male is surrounded by different age females and just young individuals, which males reaching certain age have to leave before the main male could threat them or even kill them.