#international code of zoological nomenclature

[markscherz]

if i got to name bugs and frogs i would name them things like "XXhehehehehesillybugXX285939darkdestroyer"

You can do this for common names if you want, but according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, scientific names (1) must be comprised only of the Latin alphabet (i.e., no numbers; Article 11.2), (2) must be formed to be used as a word, even if they are made of an arbitrary combination of letters (Article 11.3), and (3) a species group name always begins with a lower-case first letter (Article 28)

[teachersource]

Carl Linnaeus was born on May 23, 1707. A Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". In botany and zoology, the abbreviation L. is used to indicate Linnaeus as the authority for a species' name. In older publications, the abbreviation "Linn." is found. Linnaeus's remains constitute the type specimen for the species Homo sapiens following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since the sole specimen that he is known to have examined was himself.

[frimleyblogger]

Scrotum Humanum Revisited

The misidentification of a fossilized femur in Richard Brookes’ book, A New and Accurate System of Natural History (1763), as a human scrotum was to have enormous repercussions in the world of paleontology. The French philosopher and naturalist, Jean-Baptiste Robinet, included an illustration of the fossil in his Considerations philosophiques de la gradiation nturelle des forms (1768) which was…

[violetsandshrikes]

one insect i feel particularly sorry for is known as Anophthalmus hitleri, a species of blind cave beetle found only in ~15 humid caves in Slovenia. it’s not a formal common name, but it is also known as the Hitler bug.

in 1933, it was discovered/documented by an Oskar Scheibel, who was an Austrian collector and ardent fan of Hitler - the scientific name came as a dedication as at this point, Adolf Hitler had recently become the Chancellor of Germany. The full scientific name is roughly translated to “the eyeless one of Hitler”

it’s a fairly plain looking beetle - it doesn’t have any bright or bold colours, unusual features or behaviour. it is however of interest to collectors, and there is now concern about its status as a species because of right wing extremists who collect it as nazi memorabilia.

changing the name of this beetle has been pitched multiple times. the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature however holds that “the first name validly given to a species is its correct name and does not in general allow for a name to be invalidated due to causing offense.” furthermore, the president of the ICZN, Thomas Pape, has said "It was not offensive when it was proposed, and it may not be offensive 100 years from now."

[crevicedwelling]

So who's in charge of naming the bugs? Why don't all bugs get non scientific names?

whoever formally describes a species gets to name it. this usually means listing taxonomically relevant information about how it differs from its relatives, like the number of spines on its legs or bill length or how the scales on its head are arranged. if you’ve got something new, then you can give it whatever name you want. binomial names are essentially permanent and extremely hard to change. however, if someone already described that species without you knowing it (maybe 200 years ago, even) or it turns out that it wasn’t unique enough to merit species status, then the older name almost always takes priority. new species, and these sorts of changes, are managed by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (there’s different one for plants).

as for common names… nobody is in charge of those! …except for the English common names of birds, determined by the International Ornithological Committee. organizations might try to standardize common names for fish or mammals on a smaller scale, such as per country, but birds are the only group with an internationally standardized system.

common names generally only apply to species that are well-known or otherwise noticeable by people, like butterflies, beetles, flies, and wasps. flashy things or economically important pests or invertebrates named to raise awareness about them get common names, because those are things people care about. common names start getting weird and inefficient when you’re dealing with hundreds of species that are visually pretty much identical and will never be noticed or seen by anyone except biologists who won’t use the common names anyway. in general, scientific names are better to use since they are better organized and (typically) universally recognized by biologists.

there are official common names for all 11,000 birds because from a human standpoint, many look or act or are distributed differently, and they’re things non-scientists will go out to look for. however, you’d need orders of magnitude more names for all the beetles, there’s 400,000 of them! I can’t imagine how convoluted a naming system they would need, plus, most people aren’t ever going to use those names.

however, with the advent of citizen science projects like iNaturalist, and unusual interest in certain taxa such as the pet isopod hobby, many species that otherwise wouldn’t have common names are getting them! technically you can make up a common name for any critter (other than birds, because Bird Common Names Are Official)—which speaks to the unreliability of common names. still, they’re sort of nice to have when speaking about them in a more general context, and maybe help people get more interested in creatures when they don’t have to struggle with a binomen (although quite frankly I think Latin/Greek is not half as scary as it looks to some).

[snakemanaustralia]

New to science .... more new species of lizards in Australia.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. Small and overlooked. New species and subspecies within the Australian skink genera Morethia Gray, 1845 and the closely associated Solvonemesis Wells and Wellington, 1984.. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:3-13.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. Pleistocene splits in the Australian Odatria tristis (Schlegel, 1839) species and Pantherosaurus rosenbergi (Mertens, 1957) complexes. The formal identification and naming of a new species and three new subspecies.. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:14-24.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. Out from the cold - a new species of Australian Jacky Dragon Amphibolurus Wagler, 1830 from the region near the southern border between South Australia and Victoria as well as a new subspecies from New South Wales and Victoria. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:25-28.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. Before we end up with mutts! The formal diagnosis of subspecies within the Sydney basin species, Hoplocephalus bungaroides (Schlegel, 1837) and Amalosia lesueurii (Dumeril and Bibron, 1836). Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:29-34.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. Two new subspecies of Mountain Dragon, Rankinia boylani Wells and Wellington, 1984 from New South Wales, Australia. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:35-39.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. A new subspecies of Hesperoedura reticulata (Bustard, 1969) from south-central Western Australia. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:40-42.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. Atraserpens, a new genus of Australian small-eyed snakes from Eastern Australia as well as a new subspecies of the Northern Small-eyed Snake Cryptophis pallidiceps (Gunther, 1858) from north-west Western Australia (Serpentes: Elapidae). Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:43-46.

Hoser, R. T. 2024. Taxonomic vandalism by Wolfgang Wuster and his gang of thieves. Yet more illegally coined names by the rule breakers for species and genera previously named according to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:47-63.

[hasellia]

Okay so I was scouring jojowiki.com as usual and it says there that Diego's dinosaur form is based on an outdated record of a Utahraptor, and I don't know anything about them but I have a slight suspicion they were found in Utah.

I dunno just thought it was funny how to the point the name is. "it's a raptor in Utah, let's call it Utahraptor"

You blame Jim Kirkland over on his twitter for naming them that.

But yeah, "[Place name]saurus [place name]ensis" is a meme in the paleocommunity for a reason. (The word "ensis" meaning "from [place name]".) Image souce: Adam-Loves-Dinosaurs.

I think Utahraptor is probably the most famous one. When another large dromeosaur was found in Dakota, DePalma felt it natural to smash the usual dromeosaur suffix of "raptor" with the prefix of [Place name] to name Dakotaraptor.

A dinosaur not many realise was intended to be named after a place is Mamenchisaurus. (Source: Cervente on Tumblr)

It was discovered in (yes I'm using Wikipedia's text) Mǎmíngxī (马鸣溪 'horse-neighing brook') by Yang Zhongjian (楊鍾健), grandfather of Chinese Palaeontology. However, Yang wasn't from the area and mistook the intonation for the locale name. So he ended up calling it (馬門溪龍屬), from Mǎménxī (马门溪 'horse-gate brook').

That's probably the most fun one I can think of, but the others are like...

Koreacertops. Aegyptosaurus. Argentinosaurus. Patagotitan (Patagonia). Chilesaurus (Chile, but apparently it sounds like "dick" in latin countries?) Edmontosaurus (Canadian province, Edmonton). Albertosaurus (Candadian province Alberta, named after Princess Louise Carolina Alberta... named after Prince Albert). Gondwanasuchus (A crocodile actually, that was found in São Paulo, you know where, which USED to be part of the supercontinent Gondwana). Adamantisaurus is named from the same formation the croc was found, Adamantina.

Probably the most common kind of argument on the internet regarding dinosaurs at the moment is names and... IMO, it's not worth it unless it's REALLY bad or a bit mishandled, like Kuru kulla or Mamenchisaurus. But then, that's what the ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) is usually for.

Anyway, Thanos is the worst dinosaur name in current use. Grapes, I need your Brazilian Portuguese expertise to write a strongly worded letter to Rafael Delcourt and Fabiano Vidoi Iori on good naming conventions. Obrigado Uva!

[new-dinosaurs]

Plocealauda Alström et al., 2023 (new genus)

(An individual of Plocealauda assamica, photographed by J.M.Garg, under CC BY-SA 3.0)

Meaning of name: Plocealauda = Ploceus [genus of weaverbirds including the Asian golden weaver] Alauda [genus of larks including the Eurasian skylark]

Species included: P. assamica (Bengal bush lark, type species, previously in Mirafra), P. affinis (Jerdon’s bush lark, previously in Mirafra), P. erythrocephala (Indochinese bush lark, previously in Mirafra), P. erythroptera (Indian bush lark, previously in Mirafra), and P. microptera (Burmese bush lark, previously in Mirafra)

Age: Holocene (Meghalayan), extant

Where found: Open habitats in Southern and Southeast Asia

Notes: Plocealauda is a genus of larks, a group of largely ground-dwelling songbirds that live in open habitats, mainly in Afro-Eurasia. The members of Plocealauda are among the many larks that were formerly classified in the genus Mirafra. Traditionally, Mirafra included about two dozen lark species that have relatively robust bills and range across Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. However, a new study finds that this classic conception of Mirafra not only includes many more species than other lark genera, but also probably originated substantially earlier than closely related genera.

For the sake of consistency, the authors of this study suggest that Mirafra should be split up into four separate genera. One of these genera keeps the name Mirafra, whereas the old names Corypha and Amirafra are resurrected for two others. For the fourth group, the name Plocealauda has been used in 19th Century literature, but because past uses of this name did not fulfill the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to establish a new genus name, the authors of the new study had to formally coin Plocealauda as a new name in their paper for it to be considered valid.

Reference: Alström, P., Z. Mohammadi, E.D. Enbody, M. Irestedt, D. Engelbrecht, P.-A. Crochet, A. Guillaumet, L. Rancilhac, B.I. Tieleman, U. Olsson, P.F. Donald, and M. Stervander. 2023. Systematics of the avian family Alaudidae using multilocus and genomic data. Avian Research 14: 100095. doi: 10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100095

[o-craven-canto]

1.1.1. For the purposes of this Code the term "animals" refers to the Metazoa and also to protistan taxa when workers treat them as animals for the purposes of nomenclature (see also Article 2).

Gotta love how the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature defines its scope. "This code applies to animals, which are defined as the organisms to which this code applies".

[snakebusters]

Australasian Journal of Herpetology ® Issue 70, published 27 May 2024

There is one paper published across the whole volumes (64 pages). It is easiest to download the whole thing as one big file (first option / link below).Hoser, R. T. 2024. Sliding into scientific reality. Taxonomic changes to the Australian skink genus Lerista Bell, 1833 sensu lato, including the erection of 8 new genera, 19 new species and 5 new subspecies. ... Australasian Journal of Herpetology 70:1-64.Australasian Journal of Herpetology, Issue 70 Front Cover.Australasian Journal of Herpetology, Issue 70 Back Cover.Full Zoobank listing of all species, genera, family and taxonomic works of the Snakeman Raymond Hoser as of 27 May 2024 (over 2,000 entities named, over 1,300 species and subspecies).Copyright: All rights reserved.Australasian Journal of Herpetology ®ICZN Case 3601 ... ICZN Ruled on 30 April 2021 that all published issues of Australasian Journal of Herpetology ® is validly published according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and also that all new names within are valid and have priority over later names.Return to index for AJH Published IssuesPublished as part of the permanent scientific record. Intellectual property rights reserved. Australasian Journal of Herpetology ®Nomenclatural Acts in Australasian Journal of Herpetology ® Issue 70 Total number 32 Genus Group Aaah Hoser, 2024 Acdc Hoser, 2024 Ah Hoser, 2024 Get Hoser, 2024 Go Hoser, 2024 Labi Hoser, 2024 Oh Hoser, 2024 Tism Hoser, 2024 Species Group Aaah ngandatha Hoser, 2024 Aaah skink Hoser, 2024 Ah ha Hoser, 2024 Gaia arrernte Hoser, 2024 Gaia asgicondi Hoser, 2024 Gaia kunja Hoser, 2024 Gaia oomph Hoser, 2024 Gaia pitjantjatjara Hoser, 2024 Get intoit Hoser, 2024 Get it Hoser, 2024 Marrunisauria gurindji Hoser, 2024 Marrunisauria ngarinyin Hoser, 2024 Marrunisauria wam Hoser, 2024 Miculia ruficauda Hoser, 2024 Oh kay Hoser, 2024 Oh know Hoser, 2024 Oh phuk Hoser, 2024 Oh sheet Hoser, 2024 Oh yes Hoser, 2024 Soridia luxflavo Hoser, 2024 Spectrascincus hit Hoser, 2024 Spectrascincus thingi Hoser, 2024 Tychismia valentici Hoser, 2024 Tychismia wellsei Hoser, 2024

[paleobird]

"if I was to give you a dinosaur name, it would need to be bedheraptor, if only because of how quickly I fell for you." ...there would be barely a second of her trying to hold in he rramblings before it escaped. "although if I were giving a dinosaur name, it would need to of course obey to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, although perhaps using the secondary naming scheme similar to Ornithodesmus - given the link between avian and human characteristics; although since not an evolutionary link, perhaps use instead the greek term omoios for smiilarity or likeness, so a term like Andria omios, although i am unsure if that would designate enough characteristics, as opposed to something like andrias raptor, though I am unsure. I am much more comfortable with the naming schema for the genus of current animals, in which case I believe you would fall under the family of Accipitridae and the subfamily of Harpiinae, not just because you're called harpies - and since Harpiinae Harpia is already taken by the Harpy eagle, perhaps you would be catogerized under something similar to harpiinae sapia? ...i just realize I completly lost the point of this convesation, i apologize."

She's used to Iyana's ramblings at this point--and she's guilty of them herself--so Ava was content to let her girlfriend run through her chaotic thought process before she spoke up.

"I believe our official scientific name is Aquila sapia, actually. I wish we were more closely related to actual harpy eagles, but it's never that straightforward, is it?"

She leaned forward to give Iyana a kiss. "You can call me way more fun things in private if you want, though..."

[ieisia]

Carl Linnaeus

Carl von Linné by Alexander Roslin, 1775

Carl Linnaeus (/lɪˈniːəs, lɪˈneɪəs/; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné  (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː](listen)), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin; his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus and, after his 1761 ennoblement, as Carolus a Linné.

Linnaeus was born in Råshult, the countryside of Småland, in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738, where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands. He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala. In the 1740s, he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals. In the 1750s and 1760s, he continued to collect and classify animals, plants, and minerals, while publishing several volumes. He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death.

Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message: "Tell him I know no greater man on earth." Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote: "With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly. Swedish author August Strindberg wrote: "Linnaeus was in reality a poet who happened to become a naturalist." Linnaeus has been called Princeps botanicorum (Prince of Botanists) and "The Pliny of the North". He is also considered one of the founders of modern ecology.

In botany and zoology, the abbreviation L. is used to indicate Linnaeus as the authority for a species' name. In older publications, the abbreviation "Linn." is found. Linnaeus's remains constitute the type specimen for the species Homo sapiens following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since the sole specimen that he is known to have examined was himself.

[wikiuntamed]

Five steps of Wikipedia for Saturday, 24th February 2024

Welcome, welcome, आपका स्वागत है (āpakā svāgata hai), bun venit 🤗 Five steps of Wikipedia from "Raghavan Charudattan" to "Aleurone". 🪜👣

Start page 👣🏁: Raghavan Charudattan "Raghavan Charudattan (born 1942) is an American academic...."

Step 1️⃣ 👣: Botany "Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē)..."

Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0? by W.A. Djatmiko (Wie146)

Step 2️⃣ 👣: 10th edition of Systema Naturae "The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants..."

Image by Carl Linnaeus

Step 3️⃣ 👣: Adam Afzelius "Adam Afzelius (8 October 1750 – 20 January 1837) was a Swedish botanist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus. Afzelius was born at Larv in Västergötland in 1750. He was appointed teacher of oriental languages at Uppsala University in 1777, and in 1785 demonstrator of botany. In 1793 he was elected a..."

Image by Carl Frederik von Breda

Step 4️⃣ 👣: Author citation (botany) "In botanical nomenclature, author citation is the way of citing the person or group of people who validly published a botanical name, i.e. who first published the name while fulfilling the formal requirements as specified by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)...."

Step 5️⃣ 👣: Aleurone "Aleurone (from Greek aleuron, flour) is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers. The term also describes one of the two major cell types of the endosperm, the aleurone layer. The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm...."

[markscherz]

Indeed! A scientific description is the formal naming of a species. It contains pieces that are required to satisfy the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, such as designation of the specimens that represent the species for scientific purposes (so-called ‘type’ specimens), and a formal diagnosis, i.e. a list of traits that are purported to differentiate the new species from all others. In principle a description can be as short as one or two paragraphs, but it can and often does stretch over numerous pages. For example, I often include a detailed description of the skeleton in my species descriptions, because skeletal features are both interesting evolutionarily and informative taxonomically. ‘A heckin’ round boi’ wouldn’t quite cut it (and also isn’t useful, there being so many different round bois out there)

How many frogs have you discovered? Was it just the minis or was there more?

I've contributed to the description of 90 frog species and 32 reptiles so far; you can find a full list, regularly updated, here: http://www.markscherz.com/species

As for how many of these I discovered (defined as me having collected the first or only specimens known to science), that is a more difficult question. I think there are only five described so far: Gephyromantis saturnini, Gephyromantis tohatra, Rhombophryne ellae, Stumpffia bishopi, Lygodactylus tantsaha. Rhombophryne ellae is a bit of a grey zone, because we found out later that another specimen has been collected about a decade earlier, but not realised to be a distinct species. There are also some cases, like Calumma ratnasariae and Gephyromantis angano and G. lomorina, where one or two specimens were known beforehand, and already thought to constitute a new species, but I collected some of the key specimens that made it possible to describe the species. But I guess from the purist perspective, those five are it for now.

More are coming, though! There is for instance this very charming Rhombophryne that I discovered in 2016 that I hope to be able to describe this year.

[drhoz]

#1946 - Branta canadensis - Canadian Goose

New Zealand certainly got the short end of the stick when it came to introduced species - not only did ‘Acclimatisation Societies’ go out of their way to introduce every British plant and animal that reminded them of home, they also introduced species from all over the Empire, including a few from Australia that have become major problems. It’s one of the reasons @purrdence flew 5300km and the first bird she saw was a Black Swan.

Apparently they also introduced Canadian Geese, for hunting, in 1905. The birds might be famous long-distance migrators, but they’re not THAT good. Some of the New Zealand population do manage to fly across the Tasman, and end up in SE Australia, where they get ‘controlled’. They did manage to reach Hawaii by themselves, though, and evolved into their their own species. In fact, Branta canadensis and the sister species the Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii are so widespread and diverse that one ornithologist has suggested they should actally be 6 different species and some 200 subspecies. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature thought that was a bit much.

Native to the arctic and temperate regions of North America, and occasionally found  in northern Europe. Introduced to the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand, Japan, Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. Like other geese, primarily herbivorous and migratory, and settling close to fresh water, brackish marshes, estuaries, and lagoons.

Canada geese thrive in urban and cultivated habitats, which provide food and few natural predators. That and their aggressiveness, begging for food, danger to aircraft, and pollution of waterways and habitat has made them something of a pest in many parts of the world.

[snakemanaustralia]

A fake scientist named Jane Melville has engaged in taxonomic vandalism in an attempt to unlawfully rename nine species of Australian dragon lizard.

They are listed below.

The nine illegally coined names are as follows: Lophognathus horneri Melville et al., 2018 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Lophognathus wellingtoni Hoser, 2015 Tympanocryptis argillosa Melville et al. 2019 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis optus Hoser, 2019. Tympanocryptis darlingensis Chaplin, Wilson, Sumner & Melville, 2023 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis deniselivingstonae Hoser, 2019 Tympanocryptis hobsoni Chaplin, Wilson, Sumner & Melville, 2023 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis courtneyleitchae Hoser, 2019 Tympanocryptis einasleighensis Chaplin, Wilson, Sumner & Melville, 2023 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis karimdaouesi Hoser, 2019 Tympanocryptis osbornei Melville et al. 2019 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis lineata Peters, 1863. Tympanocryptis petersi Melville et al. 2019 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis snakebustersorum Hoser, 2019. Tympanocryptis rustica Melville et al. 2019 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis lachlanheffermani Hoser, 2019. Tympanocryptis tolleyi Melville et al. 2019 is an illegally coined junior synonym of Tympanocryptis vodafone Hoser, 2019. Also it is worth noting that Jane Melville also illegally renamed the genus Melvillesaurea Hoser, 2015 as Tropicagama in 2018 as well. She has been getting people to use that name as correct since then, fully aware that her name is an illegally coined synonym of Melvillesaurea and that Melvillesaurea is in fact the correct genus name.

To learn more, see: Hoser, R. T. 2024. Taxonomic vandalism by Wolfgang Wuster and his gang of thieves. Yet more illegally coined names by the rule breakers for species and genera previously named according to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 72:47-63. That can be downloaded at: https://www.smuggled.com/AJH-72-pages-47-63.pdf

Also see: Hoser, R. T. 2019 11 new species, 4 new subspecies and a subgenus of Australian Dragon Lizard in the genus Tympanocryptis Peters, 1863, with a warning on the conservation status and long-term survival prospects of some newly named taxa. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 39:23-52. That can be downloaded at: https://www.smuggled.com/issue-39-pages-23-52.pdf

See also: Hoser, R. T. 2019. Richard Shine et al. (1987), Hinrich Kaiser et al. (2013), Jane Melville et al. (2018 and 2019): Australian Agamids and how rule breakers, liars, thieves, taxonomic vandals and law breaking copyright infringers are causing reptile species to become extinct. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 39:23-52. That can be downloaded at: https://www.smuggled.com/issue-39-pages-53-63.pdf