#i expanded the summaries from the first sentence of the article to the first paragraph

[officiallordvetinari]

Wikipedia Featured Article Poll, Biographies Edition. Summaries and links below the cut

Margaret Ives Abbott (June 15, 1878 – June 10, 1955) was an American amateur golfer. She was the first American woman to win an Olympic event: the women's golf tournament at the 1900 Summer Olympics.

Lilias Eveline Armstrong (29 September 1882 – 9 December 1937) was an English phonetician. She worked at University College London, where she attained the rank of reader. Armstrong is most known for her work on English intonation as well as the phonetics and tone of Somali and Kikuyu. Her book on English intonation, written with Ida C. Ward, was in print for 50 years. Armstrong also provided some of the first detailed descriptions of tone in Somali and Kikuyu.

Morris Berg (March 2, 1902 – May 29, 1972) was an American catcher and coach in Major League Baseball, who later served as a spy for the Office of Strategic Services during World War II. Although he played 15 seasons in the major leagues, almost entirely for four American League teams, Berg was never more than an average player and was better known for being "the brainiest guy in baseball." Casey Stengel once described Berg as "the strangest man ever to play baseball".

Edward Dando (c. 1803 – 28 August 1832) was a thief who came to public notice in Britain because of his unusual habit of overeating at food stalls and inns, and then revealing that he had no money to pay. Although the fare he consumed was varied, he was particularly fond of oysters, having once eaten 25 dozen of them with a loaf and a half of bread with butter.

Harold Francis Davidson (14 July 1875 – 30 July 1937), generally known as the Rector of Stiffkey, was a Church of England priest who in 1932, after a public scandal, was convicted of immorality by a church court and defrocked. Davidson strongly protested his innocence and to raise funds for his reinstatement campaign he exhibited himself in a barrel on the Blackpool seafront. He performed in other sideshows of a similar nature, and died after being attacked by a lion in whose cage he was appearing in a seaside spectacular.

Marjory Stoneman Douglas (April 7, 1890 – May 14, 1998) was an American journalist, author, women's suffrage advocate, and conservationist known for her staunch defense of the Everglades against efforts to drain it and reclaim land for development. Moving to Miami as a young woman to work for The Miami Herald, she became a freelance writer, producing over one hundred short stories that were published in popular magazines. Her most influential work was the book The Everglades: River of Grass (1947), which redefined the popular conception of the Everglades as a treasured river instead of a worthless swamp. Its impact has been compared to that of Rachel Carson's influential book Silent Spring (1962). Her books, stories, and journalism career brought her influence in Miami, enabling her to advance her causes.

George Went Hensley (May 2, 1881 – July 25, 1955) was an American Pentecostal minister best known for popularizing the practice of snake handling. A native of rural Appalachia, Hensley experienced a religious conversion around 1910: on the basis of his interpretation of scripture, he came to believe that the New Testament commanded all Christians to handle venomous snakes.

Margaret Alice Murray FSA Scot FRAI (13 July 1863 – 13 November 1963) was a British-Indian Egyptologist, archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist who was born in India. The first woman to be appointed as a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom, she worked at University College London (UCL) from 1898 to 1935. She served as president of the Folklore Society from 1953 to 1955, and published widely over the course of her career.

Dom Pedro Afonso (19 July 1848 – 10 January 1850) was the Prince Imperial and heir apparent to the throne of the Empire of Brazil. Born at the Palace of São Cristóvão in Rio de Janeiro, he was the second son and youngest child of Emperor Dom Pedro II and Dona Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza. Pedro Afonso was seen as vital to the future viability of the monarchy, which had been put in jeopardy by the death of his older brother Dom Afonso almost three years earlier.

Elias Abraham Rosenberg (Hebrew: אליאס אברהם רוזנברג; Hawaiian: Eliaka Apelahama Loselabeka; c. 1810 – July 10, 1887) was a Jewish immigrant to the United States who, despite a questionable past, became a trusted friend and adviser of King Kalākaua of Hawaii. Regarded as eccentric, he lived in San Francisco in the 1880s and worked as a peddler selling illegal lottery tickets. In 1886, he traveled to Hawaii and performed as a fortune-teller. He came to Kalākaua's attention, and endeared himself to the king with favorable predictions about the future of Hawaii. Rosenberg received royal appointments to several positions: kahuna-kilokilo (royal soothsayer), customs appraiser, and guard. He was given lavish gifts by the king, but was mistrusted by other royal advisers and satirized in the Hawaiian press.

[deliriumsdelight7]

TMI to say I'm going to read Tattercloak this week (been busy with life stuff) but my question is what's the snowflake method?

Life stuff is important! No rush on reading - fic will be there when you're ready.

The snowflake method can be found here: https://www.advancedfictionwriting.com/articles/snowflake-method/

The long and short of it is, the snowflake method is a ten-step process which involves taking the basic concept of the story you want to write, and expanding upon it in a way that encourages structure and growth. So for instance, the first step is simply writing a one-sentence summary of the story you want to tell. The second step is expanding that into a full paragraph. The third involves fleshing out your main characters by writing out their motivations and conflicts, and retelling the story from their particular perspective. Each step gets longer and more specific as you go, until you reach step 10 and start writing your first draft.

I'm currently working on step 3, and I like the focus this method gives me. It allows me to think about all the exciting things I have planned for a story without actually sitting down and writing the story itself. It also helps my brain to put all the scenes floating around in my head in a definite order. My only concern is that some of (in my opinion) my best ideas come from fleshing out some minute detail I threw into a story on a whim, and I'm a bit afraid that having an outline might discourage that.

[dannygals]

Good day, Ms. Reschell An D. Bayo!

Reading Record (English-APP 1st Session)

Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts

A paragraph is a group of sentences that deal with a single topic or idea. It is the first structure found in academic texts. The paragraph's components are as follows: topic sentence, supporting sentences, and conclusion and/or transitional sentence. The topic sentence's purpose is to present the primary idea of the paragraph's theme. The supporting sentences, on the other hand, expand on the major notion of the topic sentence. The ending sentence brings the major notion to a close by summarizing the full concept and ensuring that the paragraph concludes with a complete idea. A transitional sentence prepares the reader for the next concept in the following paragraph.

One method of composing an essay is a three-part essay. This structure is divided into three sections: introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction introduces topics that will be covered in the body of the essay; the body should give evidence to support your thesis statement. Finally, the conclusion restates the thesis statement and concludes the essay. IMRaD is an acronym that stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, followed by a Conclusion. This structure is commonly employed in academic publications, particularly research papers. IMRaD intends to discuss the research issue at hand in order to explain the topic and its intended goal.

Non-academic Texts can be produced by anyone, for the general public, and promptly published; the language employed is informal, casual, and may contain slang. Authors may not be provided; nevertheless, they can be discovered in journals such as Time, Newsweek, or Rolling Stone, as well as on Wikipedia and in newspapers. Non-academic texts include religious literature, graphic novels, and magazines. Academic text, on the other hand, can be written by professionals in a particular field, prepared for an academic audience (educational), thoroughly evaluated, and published through an academic source, academic journal, certified publishing firm, or university press.

Academic disciplines are divided into branches. Accounting, economics, finance, management, and marketing are all aspects of business. Art, creative writing, languages, literature, music, philosophy, religion, and theater are examples of humanities. Biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, geology, mathematics, physics, and medicine are examples of natural and applied sciences. Anthropology, education, geography, history, law, political science, psychology, and sociology are examples of social sciences. Each discipline and its branches have their own communities with their own vocabulary, styles, and means of communication.

Binaries can also be found in a variety of academic disciplines. Business: production-consumption and labor-capital. The humanities include artist-culture and text-context. Empiricism-rationalism and observer-subject in natural and applied sciences. Nature-nurture and free will-determinism are two concepts in the social sciences. These binaries can also migrate freely between fields, and this is often how linkages between academic disciplines can be discovered.

Critical reading is a method of reading more actively. It necessitates that readers employ their critical thinking skills to question both the text and their comprehension of it. Critical reading necessitates the reader performing the following tasks: Form judgments about the text, analyze, interpret, and evaluate it while reading, query what the text does and means, challenge the text's assumptions by questioning its argument and interpreting the meaning in context, and describe, interpret, and evaluate in response to the text. Remember that critical reading necessitates three steps: studying the text, understanding the text, and evaluating the text. Finally, annotate what you read by highlighting relevant facts, stating your queries on the text itself, using the margins for your own notes, and underlining important themes. That was the extent of my knowledge in Unit 1.

Unit 2: Thesis Statement and Outlining

This class taught me that a thesis statement is a single line that normally appears in the first paragraph of a document and states the writer's major idea and stance. A thesis statement has the following characteristics: It demonstrates your position on the subject under discussion. It informs the reader of what to expect from the rest of your paper. It directly answers a question you've been asked, It makes a claim that can be contested, It is a single line towards the beginning of your paper that introduces your argument to the viewers. A good thesis statement is supported by facts and is the result of hours of investigation.

An outline functions similarly to a blueprint or a map, and it ultimately assists the writer in not becoming stuck while writing an essay. A well-written and developed outline includes the following elements: the text's thesis, the main idea developed in each body paragraph, and evidence or supporting details in each paragraph to support the main idea. Outlines are classified into two types: topic outlines and sentence outlines. Only phrases or primary concepts are required for the topic outline. In the aforementioned framework, there is no need for full sentences. A topic outline also makes use of words that is similar to one another. This indicates that for organization, the same format is utilized for headings and subheadings (in terms of word structure or parts of speech). Finally, a heading or subheading should not be separated into only one portion; if there is an idea under “A,” there must also be a concept under “B.” There must be a "2" if there is a "1." Sentence outline, on the other hand, employs sentences. That means that all headings and subheadings must be in the form of sentences. There is less requirement for parallelism between headings and subheadings, but the same divisions per heading notion should still be observed; it cannot be separated into one component solely.

Unit 3: Writing a Summary

Summarizing a text means condensing its main points into a paragraph or two. When conducting research or studying, this is an excellent practice to follow. A summary typically has two goals: to replicate the essential ideas and points of a book, recognizing the broad principles that run throughout the article, and to articulate these concepts and ideas using exact and specific language. There are two methods you might utilize to prepare for writing a summary. These methods are previewing, skimming, and scanning. First, use the previewing technique to better orient yourself to what you need from the content you're about to dive into. You can gain an understanding of a text's overall logical progression by skimming through it. Skimming can also assist you in determining which portions of the text require your undivided attention in order to achieve your goals for reading the content. Finally, scanning is comparable to skimming, but you should have a more specific goal in mind. You're now skimming to look for a specific statistic or figure, or to see if the text discusses a topic you're researching.

One method for summarizing the material is to employ previewing or pre-reading strategies, which can assist you in comprehending the contents even before you begin close reading. Here are some approaches for summarizing a text:

• You can now identify and include the title and author of a text after reading it.

• In the first two phrases, include the author's thesis statement.

• In a text, write one or two sentences for each important notion or idea.

• If necessary, break the book into sections or by primary themes before summarizing the entire thing.

• Remember to leave out unnecessary elements; there is no need to go into minor and supporting details of the content.

• Avoid adding your own thoughts on the material.

• Avoid stealing the author's work. If you are directly quoting the author, include quotations.

The goals of summarizing texts are to recreate the overarching ideas so that the broad notions can be identified, and to express the overarching ideas using precise and specific language. The author's thesis statement should be in the first sentence. Before summarizing the text or research, break it down into its main ideas. Finally, leave out ideas that aren't relevant to the entire text. This is what I gained in Unit 3: Writing a Summary.

Unit 4: Writing from Sources

This unit taught me that paraphrase is a restatement of a text, passage, or work that articulates the meaning in a different way. It is not necessary to cite from the source material. A decent paraphrase demonstrates how well a writer comprehended the reading information. These are examples of paraphrases:

• Change of parts of speech - Parts of speech are classifications that are assigned to words based on their roles in a phrase. Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections are examples of categories.

• Change of structure - The sentence structure is altered to match the writer's perception of the original text.

• Clause reduction entails reducing or changing clauses to phrases in order to decrease confusion and interruption and simplify sentences.

• Synonym replacement - This is the most basic type of paraphrase. It entails replacing the terms in the phrase with comparable or synonyms.

Plagiarism is the act of pretending to own material that is not your own. Plagiarism can be classified into several forms. Word-for-word or verbatim plagiarism, often known as "copy-paste plagiarism," occurs when a researcher duplicates another person's work word-for-word or verbatim without properly citing the author (s). Word order plagiarism occurs when a writer alters some of the author(s)' words by looking up synonyms in order to make the paragraph appear to be his or her own. Idea plagiarism occurs when a writer paraphrases another's work in his or her own writing but fails to properly cite or attribute the idea to the author (s).

Paraphrasing Techniques Texts are changing the words (changing the part of speech, using synonyms, converting figures and percentages to alternative forms) and the sentence structure (change the word order, use different definition structures, use different attribution signals, and change the sentence structure and use different conjuctions). Quoting is when you take what the author said and repeat it word for word. This approach is typically used for brief phrases or sentences. Plagiarism is commonly defined as verbatim copying of an author's words. To avoid this, when quoting, enclose the copied text in quotation marks (“ “) and credit the words to the original author. When you want to use a quotation in your writing, make sure to introduce, cite, and explain the quotation. This strategy is known as the ICE method for ease of recall.

Unit 5: Citing Sources of Information

A citation acknowledges the writers, scientists, researchers, and others whose creative and intellectual work you used to support or enhance your own research. It is also used to quickly discover specific sources and to help avoid plagiarism. A citation often comprises the author's name, the date of publication, the location of the publishing business, the journal title, and a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A citation style specifies what information must be included in a citation, how that information should be ordered, what punctuation should be used, and other formatting problems. The following are the three most common citation styles:

• APA (American Psychological Association) is used in education, psychology, and the social sciences.

• MLA (Modern Language Association) is normally used in the humanities.

• Chicago/Turabian style is often used in business, history, and fine arts.

The APA citation style is a set of criteria that a publisher must follow to guarantee that written material is presented clearly and consistently. It is concerned with a variety of elements, including header selection, tone, length, punctuation and abbreviations, citation of references, and many more. The MLA citation style also includes brief parenthetical citations in the text, all of which should be linked to an alphabetical list of works cited at the end of the text. Finally, there are two main documentation systems in the Chicago style: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. Choosing between the two is usually determined by the topic matter and the character of the sources mentioned, as each system is preferred by different groups of researchers. The Turabian citation style is similar to the Chicago style, with slight changes for student authors.

Citations in the Text in APA Format (7th Edition) For in-text citations, the APA citation uses the author-date method. The last name of the author and the year of publishing should be included in the printed text. Footnotes in APA Style (7th Edition) Footnotes should be used sparingly in research, according to the American Psychological Association. For content and copyright concerns, APA footnotes and endnotes are used. In-Text Citations in MLA Format Parenthetical citations are also used in MLA format. In-text citations are often put at the conclusion of a sentence or paragraph. In most cases, author-page numbers are used. Footnotes and endnotes in MLA should also be kept to a minimum because they can be distracting to the reader. It can be used for bibliographic notes that the reader can turn to for more information. Explanatory or content notes, which give brief extra information, can also be included in footnotes and endnotes. In the Chicago Manual of Style, generally known as CMoS, the author-date style requires the in-text citation to be in parenthetical format. For direct quotations and paraphrases, give the author's name, publication date, and page numbers. There is no punctuation between the author's name and the date of publishing, but there should be a comma between the date of publication and the page numbers. Footnotes, endnotes, and a bibliography are used to reference sources in the NB Style in Chicago format.

A bibliography includes a list of all of the sources you used for your study as well as any additional background reading. This includes works that you did not end up citing in your paper. A reference list, also known as a works cited list, differs from a bibliography in that it only includes the sources that you referenced to, summarized, paraphrased, or quoted in your paper. Aside from that, they fulfill much the same function. For your bibliography or references list, the APA citation style provides a specific formatting guidance. The works cited page is how MLA refers to the reference list. It is also found at the end of a paper and should provide detailed information about any sources used in your paper. The following is the format: Author. Title. Container, Other Contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Date, Location. Include only the elements pertinent to the source you're quoting. Order the entries in your works cited page alphabetically, beginning with the first author's last name. A bibliography is commonly used in the Chicago/Turabian citation style, which means that all of the materials you utilized in your study must be included, even if they are not expressly credited or discussed in your article.

[ghost-songs]

assignment 1 - blog deep dive

She sits in a comfy, plush blue chair in an otherwise disorderly room, hunched over a desk, showing signs of stress. In the well lit room, the time of day isn’t known, but the exhaustion on her face indicates that it’s likely night. One lonesome textbook sits in the middle of the desk, yet reading is not taking place. Instead, her head lays softly on her arms atop her textbook, as if awaiting an outcome that won’t come. As she slowly picks her head up and readjusts herself in her seat, her eyes don’t budge from the textbook. For the next hour, stress creeps into her tired eyes as the pages turn slower.

One way I could improve my reading for academic assignments is to give myself more time to read the material. By fixing this procrastination study habit, I would be insuring that I am not obligated to read a lot of material all at once, which is a task I will likely not get through. Additionally, it could be helpful to listen to the reading material while doing a task, such as knitting, that would keep me busy, while still allowing me to pay full attention to the reading.

Benjamin Percy expresses that “reading as a writer” is achieved by reading deliberately slow in order to soak up the technique on the page in a meaningful way. This is important because only by reading slowly and purposefully are you able to understand not only the text, but also the technique used to achieve the impact the text has. I think being a slow reader could have a huge impact on my success in this class by allowing me to take time for deeper insight. By being a slow reader with the materials we are assigned, it would help with ensuring a full understanding of the text and it’s themes. Additionally, being deliberate about incorporating time to read a text slowly would not only help with procrastination, but would also leave me with a calm environment to express my thoughts through writing.

In her space, nothing and no one is receiving attention like her laptop is. Her phone is strewn across the table and her backpack lays idly nearby, having rested in the same spot for quite a while. As she types away and reads different texts on her screen, her earbuds are playing soft music to help with concentration, she could sit and write for hours as they play. On her screen, the document on her screen expands at an average pace, she wears an expression of boredom, but focus. Every now and again, maybe she’ll close her eyes, lean her head back, or zone out into the distance for varying amounts of time, but these moments are always replaced with renewed desire for completion.

The most important tip that I picked up from Joe Bunting’s article is that when you’re stuck about where to start on an essay, all you have to do is write five original sentences: the thesis statement, the three body paragraph opening lines, and the conclusion. While I know this in theory, I always struggle to figure out where to start and loathe the idea of writing an outline, yet a concise, five sentence outline is exactly what helps expedite the writing process. Part of why I struggle with knowing how to start an essay is because I always try to start with the introduction, which is why the second most important tip for me is number six: write your body paragraphs first, not the introduction. I often get stuck trying to start the essay with strong, smart words in the introduction, yet this isn’t time efficient, or efficient period. Remembering that an introduction is merely a summary paragraph and should be saved for after would benefit me greatly by not forcing me to struggle immediately.

[zenhatesherself]

UNIT 2 - 4

STRUCTURE

The three-part essay format consists of three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion, as far as I've learnt. The text should be less in length than the introduction and conclusion. One or two paragraphs for each of these components may enough in shorter essays.

THESIS STATEMENT 

I've learned A thesis statement is usually shown at the end of the first paragraph of a paper. It gives a quick summary of the primary thesis or assertion of the essay, research paper, or other article. It's usually stated in a single sentence, although it can be expanded upon and repeated elsewhere. A thesis statement is a sentence that communicates a writing project's main idea and assists in the arrangement of ideas throughout the work. It's more than a topic. It typically conveys a writer's reaction to a book or personal experience.

OUTLINING

I’ve learned that Outlining is a logically ordered summary of your essay's main points. Outlining can help you define and organize your subject and subtopics so that the reader follows a logical path from your thesis to the conclusion. Outlines break down a work into its major ideas and supporting arguments or supporting facts, which is especially significant in academic texts. An outline of a prospective writing assignment might assist you in identifying flaws in your argument.

SUMMARY

I learned that a summary is a text  written in your own words. Only the main points of the original text are included in a summary. Do not include your own thoughts, interpretations, conclusions, or observations in a summary. Write a last line that "includes" your summary. Usually it is just a rewording of the main idea and a short presentation of a scientific paper is a scientific summary. The goal of a summary  is to allow the reader to quickly judge whether or not an article, chapter, or book should be read in a limited period of time. The summary should be well written in your own words.

PARAPHRASING

I learned that rephrasing a passage, whether spoken or written, is known as a paraphrase. Authors often rephrase words and paragraphs to convey information more succinctly. In other words, write something in your own words that communicates the original concept. Paraphrasing is a strong strategy for restating, compressing, and clarifying another author's ideas in academic writing.

[editorialessays652]

buy an essays

About me

How To Copy From Essay Typer In 5 Steps

How To Copy From Essay Typer In 5 Steps Learn to put in writing the right 500 word essay with this step-by-step guide. Includes sample introduction, body, and conclusion paragraphs. This sort of academic phrase is perfect for expanding or adding to a point you’ve already made without interrupting or stopping the move altogether. Consequently, essays all rely not only on the validity of the facts they impart but additionally on the selection, important evaluation, organisation, and presentation of these details. When you write an essay you're making a case for the validity of a selected perspective, analysis, interpretation, or set of facts or procedures. An essay is an prolonged piece of writing that presents and supports a thesis or proposition. The word ‘essay’ derives from the Latin word ‘exagium’, meaning the presentation of a case. The reply is one web page single spaced or two pages double spaced. 500 word essays are quite common throughout center and highschool English curriculums, especially as e-book reports, or summaries of current events. You can easily verify web page count in word processors like Microsoft Word and Google Docs, but for a quick reference use our desk beneath. This is a great guide, but folks ought to be conscious that these are just estimates. With the right amount of control and suppleness, faculties can create a nice studying surroundings with most security and minimal interruptions. Notice how our conclusion was definitive but optimistic. We explain that colleges need to adapt their rules to fit the needs of their students. Yet nonetheless, confirm that cell phone use policies should be enforced. If our thesis was that cell telephones ought to NOT be controlled in college, we might clarify the dangers of not accessing cell phones. What group is issuing the scholarship, and how can you tie that into your writing? What is the underlying information they want to be taught from your essay? Write in a means that shows you are the finest candidate for the scholarship. If you have an opportunity to point out your essay to your English instructor or educational adviser, achieve this. This step is crucial, so be sure to’ve left some time for it. During the revision, pay attention to the general construction, thesis statement and the important thing sentences in every paragraph. Then examine if every little thing in your text is logically connected. Afterwards, see that you have no errors or typos. You can use the feedback to enhance the essay before submitting it. Give yourself no less than two full days to write down the essay. You can use the first day to put in writing a draft and do some minor enhancing. For instance, I am presently writing a paper and have 5,000 words, however only 17 pages . Things like paragraph measurement and headers need to be taken into account as properly. This would rely closely on how big/small you write. it’s like different fonts take up different quantity of house on a web page, so does your particular handwriting. Then on the second day, you'll be able to take a look at the essay with fresh eyes to do your final edits. Each school, professor and pupil body is different. Colleges must adapt their guidelines and discipline efforts to reflect the present wants of their students. Eliminating cell telephones in faculty classrooms is an overstretch, but there are ways to steadiness students’ rights and instructors’ rights. You should strategy all essays with the identical mentality, regardless of their length. Your goal is to compose a chunk that clearly guides the reader by way of your thoughts and reasoning. You may have to regulate how you convey these thoughts based on the size. Your essay should at all times have a beginning, center, and finish. The format of a 500-word scholarship essay is similar to a shorter essay. Each paragraph is about phrases, and it consists of three-5 well-written sentences. If you might be writing a narrative or personal anecdote, the formatting could be more like a novel than a information article.

[elisehboyleblogs]

Write Your First Novel

For a long time, maybe for years, you might have been considering how you’d write your first novel. The good news is that, using the tried-and-true guidelines in this article, you can gain the confidence to start writing your first novel today! 

How to Write Your Novel

There is no right way or wrong way to write your novel. The approaches are almost infinite. What’s important is what works best for you. Here are a few practical methods for writing your novel that you can copy or adapt to that can work for you:

 I.  The “Snowflake” Method

The name of this method refers to an organized, structured approach to developing a novel, just as a snowflake has a definite structure that gives it shape and keeps it together.

Also, a snowflake begins as a single droplet of water. This method builds upon itself, similar to how other ice crystals connect with the original droplet of frozen water.

The beauty of this writing method is its structure. Your story becomes crystal clear; with exactness, it builds upon itself.

 6 Steps to the Snowflake Novel Writing Method:

Summarize your novel in one sentence

Expand your sentence into a summary paragraph

Describe each major character, each with a one-page summary

Expound on your novel summary with more paragraphs

Further develop your character descriptions, including how they will relate or interact with one another

Rinse and repeat: Keep working through each of these parts of your novel and expand on them, over and over again.

Get the #1 Secret to Writing Your Book Fast

So, you begin by summarizing your novel in one sentence. Think of this as the center of your snowflake. Then you expand it to a summary paragraph, with the central plot, major conflicts, and a preview of how it all comes together. Each character then gets a one-page summary. You then develop each summary paragraph, without trying to write the whole novel at this point. Similarly, you return to the character synopses and develop those. From this point, you pretty much rinse and repeat the process until you have a completed first draft.

II.  The “No-Outline” Method

In contrast to the Snowflake Method, the No-Outline approach allows for a creative free-flow of ideas at any given point in the writing process. Many authors prefer this method because they feel constrained by structures like outlines and summaries.

 III.  The Three-Act Structure

Not as strict as the “Snowflake” and not as freewheeling as the “No-Outline,” the three-act structure is an approach you’re probably familiar with, especially if you’ve read or seen any dramas. In fact, most stories can be described in terms of their “three acts.”

As an approach to writing a novel, however, the method requires certain attributes—namely the inclusion and placement of “disasters” within the acts. The first occurs at the end of act one. The second happens at the midpoint of act two, and the third at the end of act two. The story is set up in a prologue of some sort or another, and the plot points and character arcs (journey of development) are wrapped up in an epilogue, more or less.

Again, as there is no finite method to writing a novel, you might want to create your own approach utilizing particular points from 2 ot all of the above methods. That’s your writer’s license, so go for it!

Write Your Novel in a Month

Maybe it’s not surprising that, in this fast-paced world, so many budding authors want to know how quickly they can complete a novel. (This is NOT the best approach.)

However, certain marketers who know of this desire to write a book practically overnight, you are certain to see online articles and gurus who pretend to be knowledgeable book writers who boast you can write 2,000 to 3,000 words per day for 30 days and so on and so forth.

They list tips and tricks like turning off your spell-check and carrying a notebook to jot down ideas when they strike. And, hey, those are good ideas in general. Stephen King reportedly writes 2,000 words every day. Having a words-per-day goal and writing down notes from moment of inspiration are great habits for an author. But…

What they DON’T emphasize is the sneaky language that promotes ideas like “a novel in a month.”

They might say “Have an outline prepared in advance.” Well, “in advance” is already telling you that it will take MORE than a month. Similarly, they note “What you’ll end up with might be a good first draft.” Okay, but a first draft is NOT a novel! Fans of Ernest Hemingway might recall his opinion of what first drafts are, but I can’t include the word here in a polite article.

Much worse is the attention being focused on speed instead of quality. And what about the enjoyment of the journey? I mean, really! Writing a book is on most everyone’s bucket list. So why would anyone ever want to miss out on the unique experience that only writing a book can offer?

But again, what is most important is the quality of your writing—nothing else. I’m not talking about grammar here. I’m talking about moving your audience, making your reader’s heart pound out in their chest; allow them to laugh or cry or contemplate…. When readers can see and heaqr and feel… you’ve got yourself a novel worthy of publication. Something thew world needs more of.

So, in my view, the “write your novel in a month” idea is equivalent to fad diets for weight loss. It sounds attractive, but you might be disappointed with the results. Proceed with caution in these schemes, if you proceed with them at all.

Video Transcript:

There are as many approaches to writing a novel as there are novelists. You might prefer a detailed outline to which you adhere strictly. Or, you might prefer to write without an outline, allowing a free flow of ideas. Or, any approach in between that helps your writing soar.

Write Your Novel in a Year

Most authors take one to two years to write a novel. Why so long to write your novel? As you’ll see in the next section, there are many pieces to the novel puzzle.

Some involve activities and non-activities like reading works by published authors for inspiration and simply taking a week or two away from your own writing, so you’re able to see it with “fresh eyes” when you return to it.

The Power of Procrastination

Not writing is an important part of the novel writing process. Did you actually describe something to the level you envisioned? A lot of the time, the mind can play tricks on us. We’re typing away, thinking This is GREAT! And then you come back to it a few days later and, boy, what a revelation.

So you have to get your mind off of something you’ve written in order to qualify whether you’ve actually succeeded at telling your information to the degree you envision.

If you are a novelist who is just starting out, giving yourself plenty of time relieves you of the stress that can come with first-time jitters. If you’re of a certain disposition common among authors (perfectionist, self-doubting), you’ll find plenty of other sources of stress. I say that jokingly, but it’s true that adding an unnecessary deadline to the process can make it less enjoyable.

So that’s another good reason to step away from your novel from time-to-time. Don’t be in a race to finish your novel. The truth is, anyone who brags about how fast they wrote their novel only tells others that they focused on the wrong importance for their book

The value in mulling over things is truly underestimated. Think of yourself on par with published authors. Those who take weeks away from their newest work, in order to gain new life experiences, new perspectives, and fresh inspiration. You’re able to reflect and even come up with better ideas and concepts. When it comes to novel writing, when you run “the marathon” and not “the sprint,” the satisfaction of work well done is even greater and your end product will be even better.

Write Your Novel Step by Step—6 Rules to Follow

Know your subject and know why you’re writing

Immerse yourself in creativity

Write a story, not just words and sentences

Start with one protagonist if you’re new to writing novels

Ask yourself about the why and where of the plot

Novels aren’t just words and sentences – but your first draft could be

There are no cookie-cutter ways to writing a novel, but being aware of these 6 rules will help you write your first novel like a pro. Here are the 6 rules explained:

Write Your Novel Step by Step—6 Rules 

1. Know your subject and know why you’re writing

Ever notice that most successful novels are set in a place where the author lives or has lived? It’s intentional. By doing so, the author starts from a place, literally, they deeply know. Readers are smart, and they know real experience when they read it. They like authenticity. That’s why, at every opportunity, write about what you know.

Similarly, a writer’s motivations are apparent in their writing. Readers reward authors who write passionately. It would seem to be a given, but many (most?) writers don’t stop to ask themselves WHY they are writing, or preparing to write, a novel. Of course, there are as many motivations as there are manuscripts in the world, and who’s to really say which is more valid than the next?

In considering these questions, I like to consider words like: inspiration, motivation, passion and purpose. Ask yourself, “Why should this book exist?” and “What will it do for my readers? If you think along these lines, you’ll do fine in having a meaningful novel.

2. Immerse yourself in creativity

Regarding the goal of writing from a place of inspiration, many authors and editors recommend steeping yourself in creativity. What does that even mean? Well, if you picture all that the word “creativity” implies, these are the things by which you want to be influenced.

Yes, the writing process itself is a creative endeavor, but the idea is to enhance your mindset as an artist — after all, writing is an art — by experiencing other art. Such immersion can include works that are topical to your writing, but not necessarily so. 

Surround yourself with things that inspire you, things that make you feel a certain way. That might include works of art, like a painting, sculptures, plants or beautiful flowers. You might like playing Mozart. It might mean walking on the beach at sunrise. It might even be key words that strike you a certain way. Hang them up, put them in frames… whatever inspires you, put it all around.

3. Write a story, not just words and sentences

As you read in the earlier section on approaches to writing your novel, there’s an emphasis on story. It’s another point that might seem obvious, but editors at the highest levels of the publishing world often bemoan the “piles of words and sentences” they receive in manuscripts that lack any real storytelling.

Though it’s true that most of the rules of writing are “made to be broken” to a certain extent, telling a story is one rule that is broken at the writer’s own peril.

That’s because storytelling is so ingrained in every culture of the world. As children, when we saw an adult approach us with a book, what did we understand? It’s STORY time! Suffice it to say that the person who picks up your manuscript or published novel wants a story.

4. Start with one protagonist if you’re new to writing novels

Earlier, I also touched on characterization. If you take the “Snowflake Method,” for example, notice the emphasis on writing and rewriting characters for your novel. Now, imagine the details of the protagonist (the hero readers will root for) and their character arc (their journey of growth and improvement).

For a beginner, writing multiple protagonists risks making a mess of the story. This doesn’t mean your first novel has to be overly simple. Follow your inspiration. At the same time, consider the great novels in history where the author employed only one protagonist. You might want to write the next complex Game of Thrones, but trust that not doing so on your first outing might not be as limiting as you think.

5. Ask yourself about the why and where of the plot

A few minutes ago, I asked you to consider immersing yourself in creativity. This is the section that cautions you that merely wildly “creating” is not the be-all end-all of writing good fiction. Asking yet more questions, like “Why?” and “Where?”, especially when it comes to elements of your plot, can be a bulwark against immature writing styles.

These are the equivalent of the young painter who finally gets a set of paints and immediately wants to throw them all onto the canvas. This inexperienced artist is “telling a story” of interest only to themselves.

Forgetting that communication is a two-way street is a mistake that audiences rarely let go unpunished. That may sound harsh, but put yourself in the shoes of the reader who just paid twenty dollars for your novel, only to find out you wrote it strictly for your own enjoyment. Writing (and all art) is a form of sharing. The selfish author is a lonely and poor author.

Never write to reach a page count. There needs to be a reason for everything you put ito your novel. If it doesn’t give imagery to your reader you want them to see or feel, it needs to have some other purpose. Does it set something up for later in the story? Will it act like a smoke screen, tricking your reader into thinking something about a character that is actually false so you can shock them later?

When you’re writing something, ask yourself, Does this do anything for my story? If it doesn’t, leave it out.

So, ask yourself the tough questions about your plot. “Why would this happen instead of that?” It’s really a form of self-editing that is so worthwhile, because it gives your novel a valuable asset you and your readers will come to love: a story with backbone and meaning.

6. Novels aren’t just words and sentences – but your first draft could be

Now, I realize that all of this might seem daunting. Don’t fret. Once you get pencil to paper (or fingers to keyboard) you’ll see that these helpful tips flow together. They are quite the opposite of obstacles or roadblocks. They help ensure that your valuable time as an author isn’t wasted.

In fact, this is a perfect moment to let you in on a secret that might relieve any trepidation you feel as you read about how you might write your first novel. Though I emphasized before that a finished novel must be a story and not just a collection of words and sentences, your first draft certainly CAN be just that. We know from masters like Hemingway and King that first drafts are meant to be rewritten and then thrown away.

I hope this will motivate you to START WRITING today. You can always begin to incorporate all these tips and tricks into your process at your own pace. When you begin your second draft, then you’ll really know what your novel is about.

Rewrite Your Story

That brings us to the crucial point of combining your first draft with everything you’ve learned here and elsewhere, and writing your second draft! What goes into your second draft, while not written in stone, matters.

You now know what your novel is really about, why you’re writing it, where it takes place, and why the plot and its action develop as they do. Your story is focused on one protagonist (if you’re a beginner), and it has backbone, because you’re not just “throwing paint at the canvas,” you are asking yourself lots of questions about what you and your characters do and why you and your characters do what they do. And answering those questions for yourself and your audience.

Video Transcript:

Enter the world of the novelist. No matter what style fires your imagination, being an author gives you infinite possibilities. Begin your journey of passion without delay. Become a novelist today!

Write Your Novel Now

Why not write your novel now? By following your passion and informing yourself, you’re already on your way! I have some good news for you too: Writer Services is here to help you in every step of the process!

Being an author can be a highly rewarding endeavor. Not just financially, but in myriad of other ways. Imagine the great karma from inspiring your readers. You might inspire some to become authors themselves, but also to become all kinds of creatives: visual artists, actors, musicians… there’s no limit to the good you can do in the world through your novels. So… write your novel now! The world needs your input.

The post Write Your First Novel appeared first on Writer Services.

Write Your First Novel published first on https://writerservicesblogs.blogspot.com

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Write Your First Novel

For a long time, maybe for years, you might have been considering how you’d write your first novel. The good news is that, using the tried-and-true guidelines in this article, you can gain the confidence to start writing your first novel today! 

How to Write Your Novel

There is no right way or wrong way to write your novel. The approaches are almost infinite. What’s important is what works best for you. Here are a few practical methods for writing your novel that you can copy or adapt to that can work for you:

 I.  The “Snowflake” Method

The name of this method refers to an organized, structured approach to developing a novel, just as a snowflake has a definite structure that gives it shape and keeps it together.

Also, a snowflake begins as a single droplet of water. This method builds upon itself, similar to how other ice crystals connect with the original droplet of frozen water.

The beauty of this writing method is its structure. Your story becomes crystal clear; with exactness, it builds upon itself.

  6 Steps to the Snowflake Novel Writing Method:

Summarize your novel in one sentence

Expand your sentence into a summary paragraph

Describe each major character, each with a one-page summary

Expound on your novel summary with more paragraphs

Further develop your character descriptions, including how they will relate or interact with one another

Rinse and repeat: Keep working through each of these parts of your novel and expand on them, over and over again.

Get the #1 Secret to Writing Your Book Fast

So, you begin by summarizing your novel in one sentence. Think of this as the center of your snowflake. Then you expand it to a summary paragraph, with the central plot, major conflicts, and a preview of how it all comes together. Each character then gets a one-page summary. You then develop each summary paragraph, without trying to write the whole novel at this point. Similarly, you return to the character synopses and develop those. From this point, you pretty much rinse and repeat the process until you have a completed first draft.

II.  The “No-Outline” Method

In contrast to the Snowflake Method, the No-Outline approach allows for a creative free-flow of ideas at any given point in the writing process. Many authors prefer this method because they feel constrained by structures like outlines and summaries.

 III.  The Three-Act Structure

Not as strict as the “Snowflake” and not as freewheeling as the “No-Outline,” the three-act structure is an approach you’re probably familiar with, especially if you’ve read or seen any dramas. In fact, most stories can be described in terms of their “three acts.”

As an approach to writing a novel, however, the method requires certain attributes—namely the inclusion and placement of “disasters” within the acts. The first occurs at the end of act one. The second happens at the midpoint of act two, and the third at the end of act two. The story is set up in a prologue of some sort or another, and the plot points and character arcs (journey of development) are wrapped up in an epilogue, more or less.

Again, as there is no finite method to writing a novel, you might want to create your own approach utilizing particular points from 2 ot all of the above methods. That’s your writer’s license, so go for it!

Write Your Novel in a Month

Maybe it’s not surprising that, in this fast-paced world, so many budding authors want to know how quickly they can complete a novel. (This is NOT the best approach.)

However, certain marketers who know of this desire to write a book practically overnight, you are certain to see online articles and gurus who pretend to be knowledgeable book writers who boast you can write 2,000 to 3,000 words per day for 30 days and so on and so forth.

They list tips and tricks like turning off your spell-check and carrying a notebook to jot down ideas when they strike. And, hey, those are good ideas in general. Stephen King reportedly writes 2,000 words every day. Having a words-per-day goal and writing down notes from moment of inspiration are great habits for an author. But…

What they DON’T emphasize is the sneaky language that promotes ideas like “a novel in a month.”

They might say “Have an outline prepared in advance.” Well, “in advance” is already telling you that it will take MORE than a month. Similarly, they note “What you’ll end up with might be a good first draft.” Okay, but a first draft is NOT a novel! Fans of Ernest Hemingway might recall his opinion of what first drafts are, but I can’t include the word here in a polite article.

Much worse is the attention being focused on speed instead of quality. And what about the enjoyment of the journey? I mean, really! Writing a book is on most everyone’s bucket list. So why would anyone ever want to miss out on the unique experience that only writing a book can offer?

But again, what is most important is the quality of your writing—nothing else. I’m not talking about grammar here. I’m talking about moving your audience, making your reader’s heart pound out in their chest; allow them to laugh or cry or contemplate…. When readers can see and heaqr and feel… you’ve got yourself a novel worthy of publication. Something thew world needs more of.

So, in my view, the “write your novel in a month” idea is equivalent to fad diets for weight loss. It sounds attractive, but you might be disappointed with the results. Proceed with caution in these schemes, if you proceed with them at all.

Video Transcript:

There are as many approaches to writing a novel as there are novelists. You might prefer a detailed outline to which you adhere strictly. Or, you might prefer to write without an outline, allowing a free flow of ideas. Or, any approach in between that helps your writing soar.

Write Your Novel in a Year

Most authors take one to two years to write a novel. Why so long to write your novel? As you’ll see in the next section, there are many pieces to the novel puzzle.

Some involve activities and non-activities like reading works by published authors for inspiration and simply taking a week or two away from your own writing, so you’re able to see it with “fresh eyes” when you return to it.

The Power of Procrastination

Not writing is an important part of the novel writing process. Did you actually describe something to the level you envisioned? A lot of the time, the mind can play tricks on us. We’re typing away, thinking This is GREAT! And then you come back to it a few days later and, boy, what a revelation.

So you have to get your mind off of something you’ve written in order to qualify whether you’ve actually succeeded at telling your information to the degree you envision.

If you are a novelist who is just starting out, giving yourself plenty of time relieves you of the stress that can come with first-time jitters. If you’re of a certain disposition common among authors (perfectionist, self-doubting), you’ll find plenty of other sources of stress. I say that jokingly, but it’s true that adding an unnecessary deadline to the process can make it less enjoyable.

So that’s another good reason to step away from your novel from time-to-time. Don’t be in a race to finish your novel. The truth is, anyone who brags about how fast they wrote their novel only tells others that they focused on the wrong importance for their book

The value in mulling over things is truly underestimated. Think of yourself on par with published authors. Those who take weeks away from their newest work, in order to gain new life experiences, new perspectives, and fresh inspiration. You’re able to reflect and even come up with better ideas and concepts. When it comes to novel writing, when you run “the marathon” and not “the sprint,” the satisfaction of work well done is even greater and your end product will be even better.

Write Your Novel Step by Step—6 Rules to Follow

Know your subject and know why you’re writing

Immerse yourself in creativity

Write a story, not just words and sentences

Start with one protagonist if you’re new to writing novels

Ask yourself about the why and where of the plot

Novels aren’t just words and sentences – but your first draft could be

There are no cookie-cutter ways to writing a novel, but being aware of these 6 rules will help you write your first novel like a pro. Here are the 6 rules explained:

Write Your Novel Step by Step—6 Rules 

1. Know your subject and know why you’re writing

Ever notice that most successful novels are set in a place where the author lives or has lived? It’s intentional. By doing so, the author starts from a place, literally, they deeply know. Readers are smart, and they know real experience when they read it. They like authenticity. That’s why, at every opportunity, write about what you know.

Similarly, a writer’s motivations are apparent in their writing. Readers reward authors who write passionately. It would seem to be a given, but many (most?) writers don’t stop to ask themselves WHY they are writing, or preparing to write, a novel. Of course, there are as many motivations as there are manuscripts in the world, and who’s to really say which is more valid than the next?

In considering these questions, I like to consider words like: inspiration, motivation, passion and purpose. Ask yourself, “Why should this book exist?” and “What will it do for my readers? If you think along these lines, you’ll do fine in having a meaningful novel.

2. Immerse yourself in creativity

Regarding the goal of writing from a place of inspiration, many authors and editors recommend steeping yourself in creativity. What does that even mean? Well, if you picture all that the word “creativity” implies, these are the things by which you want to be influenced.

Yes, the writing process itself is a creative endeavor, but the idea is to enhance your mindset as an artist — after all, writing is an art — by experiencing other art. Such immersion can include works that are topical to your writing, but not necessarily so. 

Surround yourself with things that inspire you, things that make you feel a certain way. That might include works of art, like a painting, sculptures, plants or beautiful flowers. You might like playing Mozart. It might mean walking on the beach at sunrise. It might even be key words that strike you a certain way. Hang them up, put them in frames… whatever inspires you, put it all around.

3. Write a story, not just words and sentences

As you read in the earlier section on approaches to writing your novel, there’s an emphasis on story. It’s another point that might seem obvious, but editors at the highest levels of the publishing world often bemoan the “piles of words and sentences” they receive in manuscripts that lack any real storytelling.

Though it’s true that most of the rules of writing are “made to be broken” to a certain extent, telling a story is one rule that is broken at the writer’s own peril.

That’s because storytelling is so ingrained in every culture of the world. As children, when we saw an adult approach us with a book, what did we understand? It’s STORY time! Suffice it to say that the person who picks up your manuscript or published novel wants a story.

4. Start with one protagonist if you’re new to writing novels

Earlier, I also touched on characterization. If you take the “Snowflake Method,” for example, notice the emphasis on writing and rewriting characters for your novel. Now, imagine the details of the protagonist (the hero readers will root for) and their character arc (their journey of growth and improvement).

For a beginner, writing multiple protagonists risks making a mess of the story. This doesn’t mean your first novel has to be overly simple. Follow your inspiration. At the same time, consider the great novels in history where the author employed only one protagonist. You might want to write the next complex Game of Thrones, but trust that not doing so on your first outing might not be as limiting as you think.

5. Ask yourself about the why and where of the plot

A few minutes ago, I asked you to consider immersing yourself in creativity. This is the section that cautions you that merely wildly “creating” is not the be-all end-all of writing good fiction. Asking yet more questions, like “Why?” and “Where?”, especially when it comes to elements of your plot, can be a bulwark against immature writing styles.

These are the equivalent of the young painter who finally gets a set of paints and immediately wants to throw them all onto the canvas. This inexperienced artist is “telling a story” of interest only to themselves.

Forgetting that communication is a two-way street is a mistake that audiences rarely let go unpunished. That may sound harsh, but put yourself in the shoes of the reader who just paid twenty dollars for your novel, only to find out you wrote it strictly for your own enjoyment. Writing (and all art) is a form of sharing. The selfish author is a lonely and poor author.

Never write to reach a page count. There needs to be a reason for everything you put ito your novel. If it doesn’t give imagery to your reader you want them to see or feel, it needs to have some other purpose. Does it set something up for later in the story? Will it act like a smoke screen, tricking your reader into thinking something about a character that is actually false so you can shock them later?

When you’re writing something, ask yourself, Does this do anything for my story? If it doesn’t, leave it out.

So, ask yourself the tough questions about your plot. “Why would this happen instead of that?” It’s really a form of self-editing that is so worthwhile, because it gives your novel a valuable asset you and your readers will come to love: a story with backbone and meaning.

6. Novels aren’t just words and sentences – but your first draft could be

Now, I realize that all of this might seem daunting. Don’t fret. Once you get pencil to paper (or fingers to keyboard) you’ll see that these helpful tips flow together. They are quite the opposite of obstacles or roadblocks. They help ensure that your valuable time as an author isn’t wasted.

In fact, this is a perfect moment to let you in on a secret that might relieve any trepidation you feel as you read about how you might write your first novel. Though I emphasized before that a finished novel must be a story and not just a collection of words and sentences, your first draft certainly CAN be just that. We know from masters like Hemingway and King that first drafts are meant to be rewritten and then thrown away.

I hope this will motivate you to START WRITING today. You can always begin to incorporate all these tips and tricks into your process at your own pace. When you begin your second draft, then you’ll really know what your novel is about.

Rewrite Your Story

That brings us to the crucial point of combining your first draft with everything you’ve learned here and elsewhere, and writing your second draft! What goes into your second draft, while not written in stone, matters.

You now know what your novel is really about, why you’re writing it, where it takes place, and why the plot and its action develop as they do. Your story is focused on one protagonist (if you’re a beginner), and it has backbone, because you’re not just “throwing paint at the canvas,” you are asking yourself lots of questions about what you and your characters do and why you and your characters do what they do. And answering those questions for yourself and your audience.

Video Transcript:

Enter the world of the novelist. No matter what style fires your imagination, being an author gives you infinite possibilities. Begin your journey of passion without delay. Become a novelist today!

Write Your Novel Now

Why not write your novel now? By following your passion and informing yourself, you’re already on your way! I have some good news for you too: Writer Services is here to help you in every step of the process!

Being an author can be a highly rewarding endeavor. Not just financially, but in myriad of other ways. Imagine the great karma from inspiring your readers. You might inspire some to become authors themselves, but also to become all kinds of creatives: visual artists, actors, musicians… there’s no limit to the good you can do in the world through your novels. So… write your novel now! The world needs your input.

The post Write Your First Novel appeared first on Writer Services.

[writecome-blog]

3 Ways To Overcome Writer’s Block

I’ll be straight out of the gate here and admit that this information isn’t my own, but great advice I picked up from Kevin Smith’s podcast “Fat Man On Bat Man.”

In it, Kevin, Mark, and Cheo Coker (the show-runner of Luke Cage), discussed the topic of writer’s block and how to overcome it.

Here’s my summary of what they discussed, and my thoughts on it. – But I recommend a listen to the podcast to get the pieces I glazed over.

1 – Your First Draft Is Going To Stink – No article, blog post, or book ever looks the same when it’s published, and that’s something you need to keep in mind.

This blog post, before I tidy it up, was originally a set of bullet points that I expanded on to make this post. There were parts added, paragraphs swapped around, and the delete button hit many times on the way to what you see now,  but you’ll never know that.

The same way you’ll never know how bad the first draft of a Stephen King book is, because you only see the perfectly edited, proofread and spellchecked final product.

It can be easy to allow writer’s block to take over your mind because you don’t know how your couple is going to meet in your love story, how that spaceship jumps into warp drive in chapter 2, or how your hero finds out that their father isn’t their father.

Gloss over those parts. – Jump ahead, and jump around your story.

Does that final exchange of dialogue between the hero and his foe excite you? – Go there and write it.

Does the thought of describing the intricate features of your star-ship excite you? – Go there and write it.

Or how about that scene in the supermarket, where your couple meet for the first time? – Go there and write it.

There’s no reason why you should waste time wondering what’s coming next when you’ve got parts that you can jump into right now and work on.

Not only will you find backstory ideas,  get to know your characters better by doing so, but your subconscious mind can work in the background, tying up all those confusing pieces as you’re working elsewhere in your book.

2 – Use A Carrot Or Stick Approach – You know yourself better than anyone else. So are you someone that would be motivated to slog through a writing block because of a treat, or are you someone that need’s a stick?

In the case of Mark Bernarden, he used the carrot to lead him in the early days.  Sitting by his laptop he had a sealed copy of the game ‘Skyrim’ that could only be opened when he’d done his work.  But later on, that changed as he had bills to pay and mouths to feed.

So, what’s your carrot? A massage, or a dinner at a expensive location when you finish your first draft. Or that box-set you’ve been itching to get into?

Or maybe you the opposite way will work better for you?

A day wasted, puts that weekend away a day further back.

An hour of writing time wasted playing around with font’s and layouts, is an hour of TV time taken from you.

Of course you’re the one in control of what you do and don’t do, so it’s easy to break your own rules and do what you want.

If that’s the case, maybe you need to hold yourself publicly accountable?

A book not finished by a certain date has to be given away free to your fans. A first daft deadline not met, means that money you gave to a friend ends up going to cause/or person you despise.

The more you make yourself accountable the more you’ll slog through those tough days when writing even a sentence is hell on earth.

But no matter how hard is seems…

3 – You’re In Charge Of The Work – Right now I’ve got the power to hit the delete button, change the paragraphs around, or call this piece anything I want. – Because I’m in charge of the piece not the other way around.

Words are words, and thoughts are thoughts, we waste hundreds every day and yet we take them seriously when they’re on a page. – Stop giving them that power.

These words wouldn’t exist if I didn’t put  them here.  And if you didn’t read them, then no one would know that they’re here.

In some cases, writers block comes about because you give them that power. Your character has to say the right thing,  you’ve got to know where he goes next, and that long speech at the end has to be worked into the final piece.

It doesn’t.

No matter how you good you think you are, or how great that scene that’s  coming down the line is going to be, it’s never going to be as good as the one you’ll write in three years from now.

And you’ve got to be honest with yourself, you’re not that good.

In two years time I’ll probably cringe at these words, the ideas I expressed here, and how long it took me to write this piece. – But, it’s just words that I’m capable of writing right now.

And as I read somewhere before, you can’t edit a blank page.

A page of drivel can be edited, used as a spring board to jump from, or deleted as drivel.

If this page was blank, I wouldn’t have a blog post I could edit, play around it, or have something to look at to see if I was creating anything constructive.

The same goes for you.

If you’re struggling with an idea, lost and don’t know what to do next, write drivel until that spark fires up and you find a thread you can latch on to.

But always remember, you’re in charge of what you put there.

Perfection is a goal that’s always moving. Two years from now you’ll be a better writer.

But in two years, those goal posts will have moved further out of your reach.

I’ll leave you with these three thoughts…

You’re in charge of you

You’re in charge of the words

And you’re going to suck, get over it.

Now get that butt in the seat and keep typing.

The post 3 Ways To Overcome Writer’s Block appeared first on WriteCome.com.

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[creativeprompts]

The Snowflake Method For Designing A Novel

Writing a novel is easy. Writing a good novel is hard. That’s just life. If it were easy, we’d all be writing best-selling, prize-winning fiction.

Frankly, there are a thousand different people out there who can tell you how to write a novel. There are a thousand different methods. The best one for you is the one that works for you.

In this article, I’d like to share with you what works for me. I’ve published six novels and won about a dozen awards for my writing. I teach the craft of writing fiction at writing conferences all the time. One of my most popular lectures is this one: How to write a novel using what I call the “Snowflake Method.”

This page is the most popular one on my web site, and gets over a thousand page views per day, so you can guess that a lot of people find it useful. But you may not, and that’s fine by me. Look it over, decide what might work for you, and ignore the rest! If it makes you puke, I won’t be insulted. Different writers are different. If my methods get you rolling, I’ll be happy. I’ll make the best case I can for my way of organizing things, but you are the final judge of what works best for you. Have fun and . . . write your novel!

The Importance of Design

Good fiction doesn’t just happen, it is designed. You can do the design work before or after you write your novel. I’ve done it both ways and I strongly believe that doing it first is quicker and leads to a better result. Design is hard work, so it’s important to find a guiding principle early on. This article will give you a powerful metaphor to guide your design.

Our fundamental question is this: How do you design a novel?

For a number of years, I was a software architect designing large software projects. I write novels the same way I write software, using the “snowflake metaphor”. OK, what’s the snowflake metaphor? Before you go further, take a look at this cool web site.

At the top of the page, you’ll see a cute pattern known as a snowflake fractal. Don’t tell anyone, but this is an important mathematical object that’s been widely studied. For our purposes, it’s just a cool sketch of a snowflake. If you scroll down that same web page a little, you’ll see a box with a large triangle in it and arrows underneath. If you press the right-arrow button repeatedly, you’ll see the steps used to create the snowflake. It doesn’t look much like a snowflake at first, but after a few steps, it starts looking more and more like one, until it’s done.

The first few steps look like this:

I claim that that’s how you design a novel — you start small, then build stuff up until it looks like a story. Part of this is creative work, and I can’t teach you how to do that. Not here, anyway. But part of the work is just managing your creativity — getting it organized into a well-structured novel. That’s what I’d like to teach you here.

If you’re like most people, you spend a long time thinking about your novel before you ever start writing. You may do some research. You daydream about how the story’s going to work. You brainstorm. You start hearing the voices of different characters. You think about what the book’s about — the Deep Theme. This is an essential part of every book which I call “composting”. It’s an informal process and every writer does it differently. I’m going to assume that you know how to compost your story ideas and that you have already got a novel well-composted in your mind and that you’re ready to sit down and start writing that novel.

The Ten Steps of Design

But before you start writing, you need to get organized. You need to put all those wonderful ideas down on paper in a form you can use. Why? Because your memory is fallible, and your creativity has probably left a lot of holes in your story — holes you need to fill in before you start writing your novel. You need a design document. And you need to produce it using a process that doesn’t kill your desire to actually write the story. Here is my ten-step process for writing a design document. I use this process for writing my novels, and I hope it will help you.

Step 1) Take an hour and write a one-sentence summary of your novel. Something like this: “A rogue physicist travels back in time to kill the apostle Paul.” (This is the summary for my first novel, Transgression.) The sentence will serve you forever as a ten-second selling tool. This is the big picture, the analog of that big starting triangle in the snowflake picture.

When you later write your book proposal, this sentence should appear very early in the proposal. It’s the hook that will sell your book to your editor, to your committee, to the sales force, to bookstore owners, and ultimately to readers. So make the best one you can!

Some hints on what makes a good sentence:

Shorter is better. Try for fewer than 15 words.

No character names, please! Better to say “a handicapped trapeze artist” than “Jane Doe”.

Tie together the big picture and the personal picture. Which character has the most to lose in this story? Now tell me what he or she wants to win.

Read the one-line blurbs on the New York Times Bestseller list to learn how to do this. Writing a one-sentence description is an art form.

Step 2) Take another hour and expand that sentence to a full paragraph describing the story setup, major disasters, and ending of the novel. This is the analog of the second stage of the snowflake. I like to structure a story as “three disasters plus an ending”. Each of the disasters takes a quarter of the book to develop and the ending takes the final quarter. I don’t know if this is the ideal structure, it’s just my personal taste.

If you believe in the Three-Act structure, then the first disaster corresponds to the end of Act 1. The second disaster is the mid-point of Act 2. The third disaster is the end of Act 2, and forces Act 3 which wraps things up. It is OK to have the first disaster be caused by external circumstances, but I think that the second and third disasters should be caused by the protagonist’s attempts to “fix things”. Things just get worse and worse.

You can also use this paragraph in your proposal. Ideally, your paragraph will have about five sentences. One sentence to give me the backdrop and story setup. Then one sentence each for your three disasters. Then one more sentence to tell the ending. Don’t confuse this paragraph with the back-cover copy for your book. This paragraph summarizes the whole story. Your back-cover copy should summarize only about the first quarter of the story.

Step 3) The above gives you a high-level view of your novel. Now you need something similar for the storylines of each of your characters. Characters are the most important part of any novel, and the time you invest in designing them up front will pay off ten-fold when you start writing. For each of your major characters, take an hour and write a one-page summary sheet that tells:

The character’s name

A one-sentence summary of the character’s storyline

The character’s motivation (what does he/she want abstractly?)

The character’s goal (what does he/she want concretely?)

The character’s conflict (what prevents him/her from reaching this goal?)

The character’s epiphany (what will he/she learn, how will he/she change?

A one-paragraph summary of the character’s storyline

An important point: You may find that you need to go back and revise your one-sentence summary and/or your one-paragraph summary. Go ahead! This is good–it means your characters are teaching you things about your story. It’s always okay at any stage of the design process to go back and revise earlier stages. In fact, it’s not just okay–it’s inevitable. And it’s good. Any revisions you make now are revisions you won’t need to make later on to a clunky 400 page manuscript.

Another important point: It doesn’t have to be perfect. The purpose of each step in the design process is to advance you to the next step. Keep your forward momentum! You can always come back later and fix it when you understand the story better. You will do this too, unless you’re a lot smarter than I am.

Step 4) By this stage, you should have a good idea of the large-scale structure of your novel, and you have only spent a day or two. Well, truthfully, you may have spent as much as a week, but it doesn’t matter. If the story is broken, you know it now, rather than after investing 500 hours in a rambling first draft. So now just keep growing the story. Take several hours and expand each sentence of your summary paragraph into a full paragraph. All but the last paragraph should end in a disaster. The final paragraph should tell how the book ends.

This is a lot of fun, and at the end of the exercise, you have a pretty decent one-page skeleton of your novel. It’s okay if you can’t get it all onto one single-spaced page. What matters is that you are growing the ideas that will go into your story. You are expanding the conflict. You should now have a synopsis suitable for a proposal, although there is a better alternative for proposals . . .

Step 5) Take a day or two and write up a one-page description of each major character and a half-page description of the other important characters. These “character synopses” should tell the story from the point of view of each character. As always, feel free to cycle back to the earlier steps and make revisions as you learn cool stuff about your characters. I usually enjoy this step the most and lately, I have been putting the resulting “character synopses” into my proposals instead of a plot-based synopsis. Editors love character synopses, because editors love character-based fiction.

Step 6) By now, you have a solid story and several story-threads, one for each character. Now take a week and expand the one-page plot synopsis of the novel to a four-page synopsis. Basically, you will again be expanding each paragraph from step (4) into a full page. This is a lot of fun, because you are figuring out the high-level logic of the story and making strategic decisions. Here, you will definitely want to cycle back and fix things in the earlier steps as you gain insight into the story and new ideas whack you in the face.

Step 7) Take another week and expand your character descriptions into full-fledged character charts detailing everything there is to know about each character. The standard stuff such as birthdate, description, history, motivation, goal, etc. Most importantly, how will this character change by the end of the novel? This is an expansion of your work in step (3), and it will teach you a lot about your characters. You will probably go back and revise steps (1-6) as your characters become “real” to you and begin making petulant demands on the story. This is good — great fiction is character-driven. Take as much time as you need to do this, because you’re just saving time downstream. When you have finished this process, (and it may take a full month of solid effort to get here), you have most of what you need to write a proposal. If you are a published novelist, then you can write a proposal now and sell your novel before you write it. If you’re not yet published, then you’ll need to write your entire novel first before you can sell it. No, that’s not fair, but life isn’t fair and the world of fiction writing is especially unfair.

Step 8) You may or may not take a hiatus here, waiting for the book to sell. At some point, you’ve got to actually write the novel. Before you do that, there are a couple of things you can do to make that traumatic first draft easier. The first thing to do is to take that four-page synopsis and make a list of all the scenes that you’ll need to turn the story into a novel. And the easiest way to make that list is . . . with a spreadsheet.

For some reason, this is scary to a lot of writers. Oh the horror. Deal with it. You learned to use a word-processor. Spreadsheets are easier. You need to make a list of scenes, and spreadsheets were invented for making lists. If you need some tutoring, buy a book. There are a thousand out there, and one of them will work for you. It should take you less than a day to learn the itty bit you need. It’ll be the most valuable day you ever spent. Do it.

Make a spreadsheet detailing the scenes that emerge from your four-page plot outline. Make just one line for each scene. In one column, list the POV character. In another (wide) column, tell what happens. If you want to get fancy, add more columns that tell you how many pages you expect to write for the scene. A spreadsheet is ideal, because you can see the whole storyline at a glance, and it’s easy to move scenes around to reorder things.

My spreadsheets usually wind up being over 100 lines long, one line for each scene of the novel. As I develop the story, I make new versions of my story spreadsheet. This is incredibly valuable for analyzing a story. It can take a week to make a good spreadsheet. When you are done, you can add a new column for chapter numbers and assign a chapter to each scene.

Step 9) (Optional. I don’t do this step anymore.) Switch back to your word processor and begin writing a narrative description of the story. Take each line of the spreadsheet and expand it to a multi-paragraph description of the scene. Put in any cool lines of dialogue you think of, and sketch out the essential conflict of that scene. If there’s no conflict, you’ll know it here and you should either add conflict or scrub the scene.

I used to write either one or two pages per chapter, and I started each chapter on a new page. Then I just printed it all out and put it in a loose-leaf notebook, so I could easily swap chapters around later or revise chapters without messing up the others. This process usually took me a week and the end result was a massive 50-page printed document that I would revise in red ink as I wrote the first draft. All my good ideas when I woke up in the morning got hand-written in the margins of this document. This, by the way, is a rather painless way of writing that dreaded detailed synopsis that all writers seem to hate. But it’s actually fun to develop, if you have done steps (1) through (8) first. When I did this step, I never showed this synopsis to anyone, least of all to an editor — it was for me alone. I liked to think of it as the prototype first draft. Imagine writing a first draft in a week! Yes, you can do it and it’s well worth the time. But I’ll be honest, I don’t feel like I need this step anymore, so I don’t do it now.

Step 10) At this point, just sit down and start pounding out the real first draft of the novel. You will be astounded at how fast the story flies out of your fingers at this stage. I have seen writers triple their fiction writing speed overnight, while producing better quality first drafts than they usually produce on a third draft.

You might think that all the creativity is chewed out of the story by this time. Well, no, not unless you overdid your analysis when you wrote your Snowflake. This is supposed to be the fun part, because there are many small-scale logic problems to work out here. How does Hero get out of that tree surrounded by alligators and rescue Heroine who’s in the burning rowboat? This is the time to figure it out! But it’s fun because you already know that the large-scale structure of the novel works. So you only have to solve a limited set of problems, and so you can write relatively fast.

This stage is incredibly fun and exciting. I have heard many fiction writers complain about how hard the first draft is. Invariably, that’s because they have no clue what’s coming next. Good grief! Life is too short to write like that! There is no reason to spend 500 hours writing a wandering first draft of your novel when you can write a solid one in 150. Counting the 100 hours it takes to do the design documents, you come out way ahead in time.

About midway through a first draft, I usually take a breather and fix all the broken parts of my design documents. Yes, the design documents are not perfect. That’s okay. The design documents are not fixed in concrete, they are a living set of documents that grows as you develop your novel. If you are doing your job right, at the end of the first draft you will laugh at what an amateurish piece of junk your original design documents were. And you’ll be thrilled at how deep your story has become.

Source: Randy Ingermanson at Advanced Fiction Writing

[richardkhaynes]

Write Your First Novel

For a long time, maybe for years, you might have been considering how you’d write your first novel. The good news is that, using the tried-and-true guidelines in this article, you can gain the confidence to start writing your first novel today! 

How to Write Your Novel

There is no right way or wrong way to write your novel. The approaches are almost infinite. What’s important is what works best for you. Here are a few practical methods for writing your novel that you can copy or adapt to that can work for you:

 I.  The “Snowflake” Method

The name of this method refers to an organized, structured approach to developing a novel, just as a snowflake has a definite structure that gives it shape and keeps it together.

Also, a snowflake begins as a single droplet of water. This method builds upon itself, similar to how other ice crystals connect with the original droplet of frozen water.

The beauty of this writing method is its structure. Your story becomes crystal clear; with exactness, it builds upon itself.

6 Steps to the Snowflake Novel Writing Method:

Summarize your novel in one sentence

Expand your sentence into a summary paragraph

Describe each major character, each with a one-page summary

Expound on your novel summary with more paragraphs

Further develop your character descriptions, including how they will relate or interact with one another

Rinse and repeat: Keep working through each of these parts of your novel and expand on them, over and over again.

Get the #1 Secret to Writing Your Book Fast

So, you begin by summarizing your novel in one sentence. Think of this as the center of your snowflake. Then you expand it to a summary paragraph, with the central plot, major conflicts, and a preview of how it all comes together. Each character then gets a one-page summary. You then develop each summary paragraph, without trying to write the whole novel at this point. Similarly, you return to the character synopses and develop those. From this point, you pretty much rinse and repeat the process until you have a completed first draft.

II.  The “No-Outline” Method

In contrast to the Snowflake Method, the No-Outline approach allows for a creative free-flow of ideas at any given point in the writing process. Many authors prefer this method because they feel constrained by structures like outlines and summaries.

 III.  The Three-Act Structure

Not as strict as the “Snowflake” and not as freewheeling as the “No-Outline,” the three-act structure is an approach you’re probably familiar with, especially if you’ve read or seen any dramas. In fact, most stories can be described in terms of their “three acts.”

As an approach to writing a novel, however, the method requires certain attributes—namely the inclusion and placement of “disasters” within the acts. The first occurs at the end of act one. The second happens at the midpoint of act two, and the third at the end of act two. The story is set up in a prologue of some sort or another, and the plot points and character arcs (journey of development) are wrapped up in an epilogue, more or less.

Again, as there is no finite method to writing a novel, you might want to create your own approach utilizing particular points from 2 ot all of the above methods. That’s your writer’s license, so go for it!

Write Your Novel in a Month

Maybe it’s not surprising that, in this fast-paced world, so many budding authors want to know how quickly they can complete a novel. (This is NOT the best approach.)

However, certain marketers who know of this desire to write a book practically overnight, you are certain to see online articles and gurus who pretend to be knowledgeable book writers who boast you can write 2,000 to 3,000 words per day for 30 days and so on and so forth.

They list tips and tricks like turning off your spell-check and carrying a notebook to jot down ideas when they strike. And, hey, those are good ideas in general. Stephen King reportedly writes 2,000 words every day. Having a words-per-day goal and writing down notes from moment of inspiration are great habits for an author. But…

What they DON’T emphasize is the sneaky language that promotes ideas like “a novel in a month.”

They might say “Have an outline prepared in advance.” Well, “in advance” is already telling you that it will take MORE than a month. Similarly, they note “What you’ll end up with might be a good first draft.” Okay, but a first draft is NOT a novel! Fans of Ernest Hemingway might recall his opinion of what first drafts are, but I can’t include the word here in a polite article.

Much worse is the attention being focused on speed instead of quality. And what about the enjoyment of the journey? I mean, really! Writing a book is on most everyone’s bucket list. So why would anyone ever want to miss out on the unique experience that only writing a book can offer?

But again, what is most important is the quality of your writing—nothing else. I’m not talking about grammar here. I’m talking about moving your audience, making your reader’s heart pound out in their chest; allow them to laugh or cry or contemplate…. When readers can see and heaqr and feel… you’ve got yourself a novel worthy of publication. Something thew world needs more of.

So, in my view, the “write your novel in a month” idea is equivalent to fad diets for weight loss. It sounds attractive, but you might be disappointed with the results. Proceed with caution in these schemes, if you proceed with them at all.

Video Transcript:

There are as many approaches to writing a novel as there are novelists. You might prefer a detailed outline to which you adhere strictly. Or, you might prefer to write without an outline, allowing a free flow of ideas. Or, any approach in between that helps your writing soar.

Write Your Novel in a Year

Most authors take one to two years to write a novel. Why so long to write your novel? As you’ll see in the next section, there are many pieces to the novel puzzle.

Some involve activities and non-activities like reading works by published authors for inspiration and simply taking a week or two away from your own writing, so you’re able to see it with “fresh eyes” when you return to it.

The Power of Procrastination

Not writing is an important part of the novel writing process. Did you actually describe something to the level you envisioned? A lot of the time, the mind can play tricks on us. We’re typing away, thinking This is GREAT! And then you come back to it a few days later and, boy, what a revelation.

So you have to get your mind off of something you’ve written in order to qualify whether you’ve actually succeeded at telling your information to the degree you envision.

If you are a novelist who is just starting out, giving yourself plenty of time relieves you of the stress that can come with first-time jitters. If you’re of a certain disposition common among authors (perfectionist, self-doubting), you’ll find plenty of other sources of stress. I say that jokingly, but it’s true that adding an unnecessary deadline to the process can make it less enjoyable.

So that’s another good reason to step away from your novel from time-to-time. Don’t be in a race to finish your novel. The truth is, anyone who brags about how fast they wrote their novel only tells others that they focused on the wrong importance for their book

The value in mulling over things is truly underestimated. Think of yourself on par with published authors. Those who take weeks away from their newest work, in order to gain new life experiences, new perspectives, and fresh inspiration. You’re able to reflect and even come up with better ideas and concepts. When it comes to novel writing, when you run “the marathon” and not “the sprint,” the satisfaction of work well done is even greater and your end product will be even better.

Write Your Novel Step by Step—6 Rules to Follow

Know your subject and know why you’re writing

Immerse yourself in creativity

Write a story, not just words and sentences

Start with one protagonist if you’re new to writing novels

Ask yourself about the why and where of the plot

Novels aren’t just words and sentences – but your first draft could be

There are no cookie-cutter ways to writing a novel, but being aware of these 6 rules will help you write your first novel like a pro. Here are the 6 rules explained:

Write Your Novel Step by Step—6 Rules 

1. Know your subject and know why you’re writing

Ever notice that most successful novels are set in a place where the author lives or has lived? It’s intentional. By doing so, the author starts from a place, literally, they deeply know. Readers are smart, and they know real experience when they read it. They like authenticity. That’s why, at every opportunity, write about what you know.

Similarly, a writer’s motivations are apparent in their writing. Readers reward authors who write passionately. It would seem to be a given, but many (most?) writers don’t stop to ask themselves WHY they are writing, or preparing to write, a novel. Of course, there are as many motivations as there are manuscripts in the world, and who’s to really say which is more valid than the next?

In considering these questions, I like to consider words like: inspiration, motivation, passion and purpose. Ask yourself, “Why should this book exist?” and “What will it do for my readers? If you think along these lines, you’ll do fine in having a meaningful novel.

2. Immerse yourself in creativity

Regarding the goal of writing from a place of inspiration, many authors and editors recommend steeping yourself in creativity. What does that even mean? Well, if you picture all that the word “creativity” implies, these are the things by which you want to be influenced.

Yes, the writing process itself is a creative endeavor, but the idea is to enhance your mindset as an artist — after all, writing is an art — by experiencing other art. Such immersion can include works that are topical to your writing, but not necessarily so. 

Surround yourself with things that inspire you, things that make you feel a certain way. That might include works of art, like a painting, sculptures, plants or beautiful flowers. You might like playing Mozart. It might mean walking on the beach at sunrise. It might even be key words that strike you a certain way. Hang them up, put them in frames… whatever inspires you, put it all around.

3. Write a story, not just words and sentences

As you read in the earlier section on approaches to writing your novel, there’s an emphasis on story. It’s another point that might seem obvious, but editors at the highest levels of the publishing world often bemoan the “piles of words and sentences” they receive in manuscripts that lack any real storytelling.

Though it’s true that most of the rules of writing are “made to be broken” to a certain extent, telling a story is one rule that is broken at the writer’s own peril.

That’s because storytelling is so ingrained in every culture of the world. As children, when we saw an adult approach us with a book, what did we understand? It’s STORY time! Suffice it to say that the person who picks up your manuscript or published novel wants a story.

4. Start with one protagonist if you’re new to writing novels

Earlier, I also touched on characterization. If you take the “Snowflake Method,” for example, notice the emphasis on writing and rewriting characters for your novel. Now, imagine the details of the protagonist (the hero readers will root for) and their character arc (their journey of growth and improvement).

For a beginner, writing multiple protagonists risks making a mess of the story. This doesn’t mean your first novel has to be overly simple. Follow your inspiration. At the same time, consider the great novels in history where the author employed only one protagonist. You might want to write the next complex Game of Thrones, but trust that not doing so on your first outing might not be as limiting as you think.

5. Ask yourself about the why and where of the plot

A few minutes ago, I asked you to consider immersing yourself in creativity. This is the section that cautions you that merely wildly “creating” is not the be-all end-all of writing good fiction. Asking yet more questions, like “Why?” and “Where?”, especially when it comes to elements of your plot, can be a bulwark against immature writing styles.

These are the equivalent of the young painter who finally gets a set of paints and immediately wants to throw them all onto the canvas. This inexperienced artist is “telling a story” of interest only to themselves.

Forgetting that communication is a two-way street is a mistake that audiences rarely let go unpunished. That may sound harsh, but put yourself in the shoes of the reader who just paid twenty dollars for your novel, only to find out you wrote it strictly for your own enjoyment. Writing (and all art) is a form of sharing. The selfish author is a lonely and poor author.

Never write to reach a page count. There needs to be a reason for everything you put ito your novel. If it doesn’t give imagery to your reader you want them to see or feel, it needs to have some other purpose. Does it set something up for later in the story? Will it act like a smoke screen, tricking your reader into thinking something about a character that is actually false so you can shock them later?

When you’re writing something, ask yourself, Does this do anything for my story? If it doesn’t, leave it out.

So, ask yourself the tough questions about your plot. “Why would this happen instead of that?” It’s really a form of self-editing that is so worthwhile, because it gives your novel a valuable asset you and your readers will come to love: a story with backbone and meaning.

6. Novels aren’t just words and sentences – but your first draft could be

Now, I realize that all of this might seem daunting. Don’t fret. Once you get pencil to paper (or fingers to keyboard) you’ll see that these helpful tips flow together. They are quite the opposite of obstacles or roadblocks. They help ensure that your valuable time as an author isn’t wasted.

In fact, this is a perfect moment to let you in on a secret that might relieve any trepidation you feel as you read about how you might write your first novel. Though I emphasized before that a finished novel must be a story and not just a collection of words and sentences, your first draft certainly CAN be just that. We know from masters like Hemingway and King that first drafts are meant to be rewritten and then thrown away.

I hope this will motivate you to START WRITING today. You can always begin to incorporate all these tips and tricks into your process at your own pace. When you begin your second draft, then you’ll really know what your novel is about.

Rewrite Your Story

That brings us to the crucial point of combining your first draft with everything you’ve learned here and elsewhere, and writing your second draft! What goes into your second draft, while not written in stone, matters.

You now know what your novel is really about, why you’re writing it, where it takes place, and why the plot and its action develop as they do. Your story is focused on one protagonist (if you’re a beginner), and it has backbone, because you’re not just “throwing paint at the canvas,” you are asking yourself lots of questions about what you and your characters do and why you and your characters do what they do. And answering those questions for yourself and your audience.

Video Transcript:

Enter the world of the novelist. No matter what style fires your imagination, being an author gives you infinite possibilities. Begin your journey of passion without delay. Become a novelist today!

Write Your Novel Now

Why not write your novel now? By following your passion and informing yourself, you’re already on your way! I have some good news for you too: Writer Services is here to help you in every step of the process!

Being an author can be a highly rewarding endeavor. Not just financially, but in myriad of other ways. Imagine the great karma from inspiring your readers. You might inspire some to become authors themselves, but also to become all kinds of creatives: visual artists, actors, musicians… there’s no limit to the good you can do in the world through your novels. So… write your novel now! The world needs your input.

The post Write Your First Novel appeared first on Writer Services.

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[williamlwolf89]

How to Write a Pitch That’ll Wow Editors & Clients (+ Examples)

Let me guess.

You’ve sent out a gazillion email pitches, but you keep getting rejection slips. Or, worse, no responses at all.

Why does everyone except you seem to know how to write a pitch that lands high-paying jobs or guest posts on prestigious blogs? Is there some secret they’re not sharing?

Meanwhile, you can’t even crack the content mills and low-quality job boards, your confidence is zapped, and your freelancing career is sputtering to a halt.

It’s not like you’re trying to pitch the New York Times. But when the only writing gig you’ve landed this month is an ad for a boot scootin’ club, you know you need help.

Thank goodness you found your way here.

Knowing How to Write a Pitch is a Surefire Way to Grow Your Freelance Writing Business

Let’s be honest. No one likes cold pitching. It can be icky and time consuming.

But it can also be very rewarding. And whether you’re a freelancer starting from scratch, or a seasoned, full-time writer looking for more freelance jobs, there’s no better way of getting your foot in the door.

You see, most high-paying clients and popular blogs don’t need to go looking for writers (and they certainly don’t advertise on job boards). They can take their pick from the copywriters, journalists, bloggers, and freelance writers who approach them directly with a well-crafted pitch.

In fact, if you don’t know how to craft a good pitch, you could be stuck in the content mills forever.

That’s why we want to give you all the do’s and don’ts on writing pitches that’ll impress, along with easy to follow tips, and plenty of pitch examples you can steal and adapt for your own use.

In this guide, you’ll learn:

The 8 Biggest Mistakes You Can Make if You Don’t Know How to Write a Pitch

The 8 Essential Ingredients of a Freelance Writer’s Email Pitch

How to Write a Pitch for an Article or Blog Post (With Example Pitches)

How to Write a Pitch for a New Client as a Freelance Writer (With Examples)

Ready to jump in?

The 8 Biggest Mistakes You Can Make if You Don’t Know How to Write a Pitch

If you haven’t had much luck pitching, my guess is you’ve probably made one of these 8 common mistakes. And if this is your first time, avoid these at all costs.

1. Lead with Your Full Bio

Sad to say, editors and clients aren’t interested in you. They only want to know what you can do for them, and that you can deliver what you promise.

Include a couple of sentences summing up who you are – like an elevator pitch or a tailored version of your bio — but don’t give them your life history.

2. Be Vague

Don’t make them work too hard. Tell them why you’re writing, give them a clear summary of your story idea or proposal, and show them you’re the right person for the freelance writing job by linking to relevant clips. Don’t waffle on about anything else.

3. Write Long-Winded Emails

The people you’re emailing are busy professionals. You need to respect their time by keeping your pitch succinct and relevant. If you bore them with unnecessary details, you’ll never get past first base.

4. Copy and Paste the Same Pitch to Different People

This is a real no-no.

Editors and clients have different needs, audiences, styles and niches, all of which you need to address. There is no such thing as a one-size-fits-all pitch template. Please feel free to use any of the examples in this post as a framework, or for inspiration, but make sure you tailor the details to suit.

5. Show Your Lack of Experience or Confidence

If you don’t have any relevant clips or experience in a certain niche, don’t pitch them. Start with what you know. Your pitch needs to ooze credibility and confidence (even if you have to fake it to start).

Don’t say, “I think I could be a good fit for your publication.”

Try something like, “I have hands-on experience at parenting and have previously written about nutrition for toddlers.”

6. Ignore Submission Guidelines

Most publications have clear directions for submitting a story idea. Always make sure you follow these directions; otherwise, your pitch will be rejected.

Search for guidelines on their website or try Googling “submission guidelines: [name of publication]”.

7. Attach Anything to Your Email

This adds a layer of annoyance for the editor or client. They don’t want to open attachments and have to read more. They want you to get to the point as quickly as possible.

Plus, attachments are a red flag to IT security systems and your email could end up in spam.

8. Provide a Finished Draft

While some publications may ask for a finished draft, most prefer to hear about your story idea first (which is why it’s so important to check their guidelines). If they like the idea, the editor is likely to make some changes to your original outline. Presenting them with a finished piece before they’ve asked for it won’t do you any favors.

Now you know the mistakes to avoid. Let’s talk about the ingredients you should include in your pitch.

The 8 Essential Ingredients of a Freelance Writer’s Email Pitch

1. Research, Research, and Research

This is vital. Get familiar with the publication’s style and tone of voice. Know who their readers are, what topics they’ve covered in the past and what their most recent focus is. Identify the gaps you can fill.

Likewise, with clients, do your homework. Crawl through their website. Check out their Tweets and Facebook page. Set up a Google Alert to get the very latest news or announcements. Then wow them with a pitch that speaks directly to the problem they have and how you can solve it with your writing skills.

2. Know Who You’re Pitching to

Don’t address your email to “Dear Sir”. It’s lazy and generic. Editors and marketing executives all have names and email addresses, which are not that hard to find.

The easiest way is to pick up the phone and ask who you should send your pitch to. You could also use a tool like Hunter.io or go to LinkedIn and do some digging. It shows you’ve done your homework and you care enough to get the details right. And when you address a real human being, you stand more of a chance of your pitch getting read.

The exception to this rule is when the publication’s guidelines tell you to email your pitch to a generic address, or via a submission form. In which case, do what you’re told.

3. Write a Zinging Subject Line

Your subject line needs to grab their attention and compel them to open your email. Test a few techniques like these:

Keep it brief. Data research suggests 7-9 words is optimum.

Use their name in the subject line to catch their eye. For example: “Mary, I have a great pitch for you.”

Use a headline that shows you’ve done your research and you know what their readers want. Example: “Story Idea: How to Train Older Dogs“

Speak to their pain points. “Jeff, need help keeping your blog up to date?”

If you have been referred by a mutual friend or associate, use their name. “John Brown suggested I drop you a line.”

Whatever you do, keep it professional. Your aim is to get your email opened, not have it redirected to spam.

4. Include a Hook

The aim of the hook is to demonstrate you understand their audience or business needs and you have something fresh to say. You want to get them nodding in agreement, eager to know more. Ideally, your hook should appear as close to the start of your email pitch as possible.

Here are some ideas:

Spark their interest with a question: “Is social media marketing a priority for your business right now?”

Stroke their ego: “Your recent post on knitting for beginners was fascinating. I have a great story idea that will expand on the topic of how to read knitting patterns and increase your blog’s authority in this niche.”

Let them know you can solve a current problem for their business or audience: “Did you know 90% of millennials worry they’ll never be able to get a foot on the property ladder? My story idea shows your millennial audience how attainable home ownership really is.”

 5. Get to the Point and Be Relevant

Now they’re hooked. You have to reel them in. Here’s how:

Get to the point: What’s your suggested headline or proposal? Go straight to this after your opening and keep your email as brief as possible. It’s okay if you need to take a few paragraphs to explain your pitch. But don’t waffle.

Be Relevant: Make sure everything in your pitch is relevant. Don’t veer off course. Don’t tell a food blog about your philosophy degree. But, if you’re a graduate of Le Cordon Bleu, that’s something you should include.

6. State the Benefits of Your Pitch

This is one of the most important ingredients. How is your pitch going to help the editor’s audience or the client’s business? How is it relevant or timely? What gives it an edge?

For instance, if you’re pitching a client you might say something like, “What would it mean to you if I could help boost traffic to your website and open the door to more sales?”

Doesn’t that sound more enticing than, “I’m an SEO writer and can help you rank higher on Google with some improvements to your website content.”

Or, if you’re pitching a parenting blog, spell out how your story idea is going to benefit their readers? Like this:

“COVID-19 has presented parents with a new set of challenges. This timely post will explore how collaborative parenting leads the way in a pandemic and gives them techniques they may never have tried before.”

Be clear and direct about the irresistible benefits of your pitch.

7. Tell Them Why You’re the Best Person for the Job

They’re sold on your idea. Now you need to sell them on you. This is where you get to boast a little, but make sure everything is relevant to the topic you’re pitching. Here’s what you might include:

Your experience in (or passion for) the niche.

Your experience as a freelance writer in the niche.

Any qualifications that add to your credibility on the topic.

Links to a few of your best writing samples and published pieces to illustrate your ability.

For example:

“I have been a freelance writer for 2 years and a passionate advocate for animal rights for 10 years. I’ve previously been published in [names of relevant blogs or publications] and my clips include [add links to 2 or 3 relevant clips].”

What if you don’t have any published clips? Don’t worry. Link to your own posts in Medium or LinkedIn. Even unpublished samples in Google Docs will do fine.

If an editor or client loves your idea and you can demonstrate your ability to write and your relevancy to their niche, that’s all that matters.

8. Make it Really Easy for Them to Follow Up

It’s amazing how often freelancers forget to include their basic contact details. Sure, the editor or client has your email address, but sometimes people prefer to pick up the phone, so give yourself every advantage.

Include your phone number and location so they know what time zone you’re in. Better still, create a professional email signature, with all your contact details and relevant links included.

If you happen to be in their hometown, this can also be an advantage as many clients prefer to use local freelancers. So, in this instance, tell them you’re available for a face-to-face meeting any time.

Now that you know the mistakes found in bad pitches and the essential ingredients to include in good pitches, let’s go over how to write a pitch to editors (for blog posts) and clients or hiring managers (for freelance writing jobs).

Up first, how to write a pitch for blog posts:

How to Write a Pitch for an Article or Blog Post (With Example Pitches)

Firstly, follow all the do’s and don’ts we’ve outlined above. They apply to all freelance bloggers, article writers, even authors of personal essays, op-eds, creative writing assignments, and opinion pieces.

But there are two more key components you must include when you’re pitching a story idea to a blog editor.

1. Be original

This is crucial. Editors are looking for relevancy and originality, and we’ve already talked about the importance of relevancy.

So, what do we mean by originality?

It’s never been published anywhere else. It must be offered exclusively to the publication you’re pitching (until they reject it and you can move on to the next editor with the same idea).

The story idea fills a gap or presents a fresh, new perspective their audience will want to read.

That’s why research is so important. You may think your idea is sparklingly new, but you need to be sure of it before you pitch. Go back and look at the posts or articles they’ve published on the topic. What new angle can you use that will add value to their readers?

For example, say you’re pitching a health and fitness blog which has published a few posts about push-ups. You need to make your story idea original by pitching an angle they haven’t covered before. Something like this would work:

“Your readers already know that push-ups are the perfect exercise for multiple muscle groups. But what if there’s a new approach to the humble pushup that could transform their body in 30 days.”

2. Pitch a great story, not a topic

If we take the previous example, the topic would be “push-ups” but the story is how a new approach to push-ups can transform your body in 30 days. See the difference?

Another potential topic is “the growing popularity of motorhome vacations.” But if you tried pitching that as a story idea, you’d be rejected. Where’s the angle? What makes it different?

What about this:

Example of a Story Idea Pitch

Motorhome vacations are becoming increasingly popular, and increasingly expensive. But there’s a new movement of motorhome vacationers who have found a way to travel the country for $1 a day, or even for free. This article explores the little-known benefits of RV relocation – the return or transfer of hire vehicles. It includes an interview with the fleet executive of XYZ Van Hire, and the Murray family who traveled in an RV from Palm Springs to Toronto without paying a dime in rental fees.

Do you see how this gives the story idea substance and a new angle? It also tells the editor the plan of action for tackling it which shows them you’ve thought it through and who you want to interview. These are the trademarks of a professional freelance writer editors love to work with.

Now let’s pull it all together and show you a full example of a pitch email to an editor using all the tips and tricks we’ve covered:

Full Example for a Blog Post Pitch

Hi [name of editor],

I am an avid reader of your blog and loved your recent post on puppy training. But this got me thinking about the challenges of teaching older dogs, which is often overlooked. I have a story idea that will add a new dimension to your series on dog training techniques and help readers who are concerned about the apparently strange new behaviors of their aging dog.

How to Train Older Dogs When They Go Off the Rails

As they age, dogs start to physically deteriorate. Their eyesight and hearing get worse, their memory suffers, and – like humans – they get tired and cranky. And sometimes, they display new and unexpected bad behaviors. This post explores the reasons why your older dog may be changing, how to recognize the signs and how to re-train your dog when he goes off the rails.

I intend to interview Dr John R Smith, renowned veterinary surgeon for his insights into physical changes; and Peter Smith, a dog behaviorist and trainer for his surprising take on how you can teach an old dog new tricks.

The main takeout for your readers will be the comfort in knowing their ageing dog isn’t beyond help, they’re not bad owners, and there are some easy techniques to correct Fido’s newly acquired bad habits.

About me: I’m a freelance writer with 3 years’ experience, and passionate dog lover. Some of my recent and relevant clips are [Name of clip], [Name of clip], and [Name of clip]. My website and further details are here.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I hope to hear back from you soon. Please feel free to email or call — my phone number is […] and I am based in […]

Take this example, tweak it, and make it your own.

How to Write a Pitch for a New Client as a Freelance Writer (With Examples)

Once again, follow all the do’s and don’ts we’ve outlined above. With a couple of exceptions, they apply to client pitches as well.

When you’re first starting out, there are two kinds of pitch emails you should consider: the proposal, or the general introduction.

The Proposal Pitch

This is where you cold pitch a client with a specific proposal in mind. Think about all the writing services you offer and how these might benefit the client you’re targeting: case studies, landing pages, blog posts, email campaigns, and so on. Now match these to a prospective client based on the research you’ve done.

For example: Maybe the client’s blog hasn’t been updated in months, or their “About Us” page on their website could do with an overhaul.

Or you think a business who sells complex software might benefit from some case studies to better explain their product and boost sales.

The proposal pitch should identify the problem, without being over critical, outline the solution, and highlight the benefits. Keep it short, polite, and professional.

Like this:

Full Example for a Proposal Pitch

Hi [name of client],

I’m a freelance writer and a great admirer of your business. I noticed you recently expanded your product line into the consumer market. Congratulations.

I know this because I was interested in purchasing your [product name] myself, but got a bit lost in the technical information on your website. It occurred to me a couple of case studies might be the perfect solution to help demystify the complexities of the product and boost sales to less techno-savvy buyers.

I have experience in writing case studies in your industry and some of my recent and relevant clips are [Name of clip], [Name of clip], and [Name of clip]. My website and further details are here.

If this idea is of interest, I would be delighted to discuss it with you to scope out a brief and likely fee. I look forward to hearing from you — my phone number is […] and I am based in […]

The General Introduction Pitch

You may not have a specific project in mind for the client you’re pitching, but you want to get yourself on their radar.

In this email you’re going to give them a general feel for your services and find out if they ever use freelancers.

They may not need you today, but if they like your approach, they may consider you in future. So, as ever, treat them like a fellow human being and tailor your message to pique their interest.

Full Example for a General Introduction Pitch

Hi [name of client],

Congratulations on your recent expansion into the consumer market. This must be an exciting time for you, and I’ve been watching your new marketing campaigns with interest.

I’m a freelance writer with experience in your industry and I wondered if you ever have the need to outsource any of your content marketing or copywriting activities – especially as you are targeting new consumer market segments.

I specialize in blog posts, web content and email campaigns and some of my recent and relevant clips are [Name of clip], [Name of clip], and [Name of clip]. My website and further details are here, and I am also an occasional guest on an industry podcast that may be of interest to you.

Incidentally, the last clip resulted in a Page #1 ranking on Google and a significant traffic boost to my client’s website.

I’d love the opportunity to do the same for [name of business], so please feel free to reach out if you think I can help, either now or sometime in the future. My phone number is […] and I am based in […].  

This post is part of Smart Blogger's

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A Final Word on Pitching

I hope we’ve inspired you to rethink your approach to pitching and spurred you into giving it another try.

Tomorrow, start fresh.

Pick your mark. A local business, or a blog that’s right in your pocket. Do your research and pitch them with an idea that’s relevant and original — something their audience or business is going to love.

This time, you’ve got the ammunition you need to avoid the mistakes, include the right ingredients, and pitch with all the confidence and credibility you can muster.

But always remember, pitching is a numbers game.

The more you do it, the better you will become at crafting those winning pitch letters and emails and landing the high-paying writing gigs and blog posts you deserve. I promise.

The post How to Write a Pitch That’ll Wow Editors & Clients (+ Examples) appeared first on Smart Blogger.

from SEO and SM Tips https://smartblogger.com/how-to-write-a-pitch/

[kianajohnsonsketchbook-blog]

Kiana Johnson / March 4, 2020 / Task #8

March 4, 2020 / 5-5:30pm / Psychology / Jared

What happened in your session?

Jared introduced himself and then asked if it was okay if I took over the session while he observed. She said it was okay, and we sat down at a table. 

She had her paper written already and she really just wanted someone to look it over and see if it made sense. We looked at the prompt and then made sure it matched, which it did. From there, I read her paper out loud and we walked through some things that did not make sense to me or could be worded differently. I asked questions like "who is your audience?" because I wanted more explanation of some things, but she was writing assuming that someone had already read the article so we did not change them. Something that came up was that I saw her topic sentences tended to be at the end of the paragraph rather than at the beginning, so we worked on that.

I asked Jared questions along the way when I wasn't sure about some things.

I asked if she had any more questions, and since she did not, I led her over to the kiosk, had her sign out, and fill out the survey. She filled out the paper to hand to her teacher for extra credit. 

Analysis:

I think the session went well. There were moments that I felt a but nervous, but overall it was good. It felt strange simply reading her paper and analyzing, but it was fruitful and she came away knowing what to do next. Even though this paper was not in my field, I did not feel overwhelmed or worried.

March 4, 2020 / 6-6:30pm / Psychology / Eugene

What happened in your session?

Eugene Jared introduced himself and then asked if it was okay if I took over the session while he observed. She said it was okay, and we sat down at a table. 

This tutee had the same assignment as the first student, but she was not as far along. She was having trouble expanding on what to write. She had written her summary, but needed help expanding it. We pulled up the prompt and compared it to what she had already. She mainly needed someone to talk it through with her, as whenever I asked her questions, she had the answers. I helped her look at the prompt and figure out how the teacher wanted her to expand on the summary she had written. We worked on organization and thesis development, and how the thesis will be the thing her paper will always come back to.

Analysis:

The sessions went well; I got a thumbs up from Eugene. The tutee made it easy to work with her as she was very open and excited for help. Even though this paper was not in my field, I did not feel overwhelmed or worried. 

Take-Aways:

My take away from doing these "take overs" is that I am not as nervous to start taking my own appointment as I was before. Doing this really boosted my confidence and allowed me to see that I can do tutor better than I thought I could. 

[doesitreallywork]

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[tacocritic-blog]

Step No. 1: Write first. Possibly the most unconventional suggestion I give clients for creating a first draft is: Write first, then read, then write again, read more, and write one last time.

Yeah, don’t do that. Instead, at the beginning of a project — even if you have only the vaguest idea what it should be about — I suggest you set aside a week and free-write. On each workday of that week, spend 25 minutes twice a day (two "pomodoros" a day) and write down all the things that you know, want to know, are interested in, are confused, or are excited about in your new venture. Don’t try for paragraphs or even full sentences. Revel in the mess.

At the end of that week, you may have 1,000 to 4,000 words of semi-gibberish — but it holds the key to your future brilliance.

Step No. 2: The baby bibliography. From that inspired semi-gibberish, you will then mine your first annotated bibliography. And the annotations are the most important part. You should never read anything without writing something down about it. Look up about 10 sources on your subject — the 10 best or, at any rate, the most famous, or most recent and "exciting," or most in vogue, or most something. Just start somewhere. For approximately two weeks, spend every work session reading (or rereading) those sources carefully, creating a full bibliographic entry for each one. Annotate each entry with:

The source’s main thesis.

Its primary impact on the field.

Two or three representative quotes.

Your own opinion about the source — what you think is brilliant, what you think is flawed.

Step No. 3: A skeleton draft. Using your baby bibliography, begin to merge some of your insights with your free-writing to form a primordial outline.

Organize under subject headings all the quotes, summaries, and opinions inspired by your free-writing.

Copy, paste, shape, and cut stuff.

Always, always create another document to save everything you’ve cut.

Make note, at every turn, of unanswered questions. This is, in effect, the most important part: It’s the part you can’t write yet.

What you’ll have at the end of about two weeks — provided you work on this in two or three 25-minute sessions a day, five days a week — is essentially a skeleton. It will have the vague shape of an article or chapter but will ask a lot more questions than it answers and will have a fair share of bracketed "notes to self" (à la Find a thing that ties these two ideas together).

Step No. 4: Close reading. Your skeleton draft is also a road map. Instead of attempting to read Everything (which you will never do), you now know what sorts of sources you need to find and read in order to flesh out your arguments and fill in the gaps.

To identify those new sources, look to household names in your field, to scholars you’ve met at conferences, to people with whom you already collaborate, to that one exciting new hotshot you keep hearing about. And, of course, consult the bibliographies of your first 10 sources. Get to mining!

With an expanded list of sources in hand, it’s time to read more intensely. Spend the next three to six weeks diving into those new sources and expanding your annotated bibliography. Again, do the reading two or three times a day, in 25-minute sessions, five or so days a week. Give yourself a deadline: Set a specific number of work sessions (such as 20 or 30), and when you’ve reached that number, cut yourself off. (Don’t worry, you’ll soon have time to read more.)

Step No. 5: A workable draft. At this point, you’re ready to dive into your now-massive annotated bibliography and do more surgery.

All those unanswered questions you had scribbled down in your free-writing? It’s time to fill in the gaps. Extract quotes, summaries, and arguments (copy, don’t delete, them from the bibliography), and paste them into the appropriate places in your Skeleton Draft. Your writing here can still be rough — don’t trip yourself up worrying about transitions or squaring all the circles. This stage of writing is chaos. If it feels uncomfortable, you’re doing it right.

By the end of this step, you will have a slightly more fleshed-out draft. Your next task, then, is to spend another two to three weeks tinkering on the sentence level, working on those transitions and cleaning up unnecessary jargon. Follow the same basic work schedule: two to three 25-minute writing sessions a day. At the end of those weeks, you may still have more holes to fill (especially in the footnotes.) But, by and large, you will have, miracle of miracles, a real draft of a chapter or an article that’s 25 to 30 pages long.

From start to finish, the process will take 11 to 14 weeks — about the duration of a semester — of working on the project for no more than an hour or two a day. With a workable draft in hand, now is a great time to put it aside and let it breathe, as your backbrain spins its wheels while you’re on break in earnest.

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