#hunter wetlands national park

[steventureau]

"Whibayganba

Whibayganba is a place of cultural significance within the local landscape of Mulubinba.

Whibayganba was an island. Its beginnings and traditions a complex cultural narrative. Stories originating from a past where ancestral beings created Country, and shaped the law and relations between all living things. Their memories are retained, etched, and spoken of in Country, a legacy that links the Dreamtime with the present.

Local lore tells of a great kangaroo concealed in the island who would thump his tail causing earthquakes.

The island was originally a closed off site, surrounded by rocks and turbulent waters. The strong gale force of the winds that batter the island enabled this place to be a suitable refuge to confine a giant kangaroo. The kangaroo remained hidden in Whibayganba.

In 1855 the top of the island was lopped off by the English, and in 1846 they had completed the construction of a breakwater that was started in 1818. The breakwater attached the island to the mainland creating open access to Whibayganba, access that had been denied for thousands of years.

The alterations are against Aboriginal principles of respecting country, maintaining balance and equilibrium and ensuring protections and conservation of sacred places."

'That's a sad story.' I thought, surely one of many very familiar ones around the country.

[elbiotipo]

If you're from Argentina, you've probably heard about the Iberá wetlands, and you know the tourist pitch: a vast expanse of natural wonders in the middle of Corrientes, full of beautiful lapachos, cute carpinchos and yacarés, and now home to the fastest-growing wild yaguareté population, all with the unique Guaraní influenced culture of rural Corrientes.

Now, things aren't as shiny as they look, since the creation and management of the new national park is still a point of contention in many ways, but you will be suprised that this kind of thinking about the Iberá is very, very recent. Most people considered it an obstacle to progress, a big bunch of swamp in the middle of what could be a very productive ranching province. In a geography book from the 1910s (unfortunately I lost the screencap) it says something like "the biggest obstacle for the development of the province is this swamp, and it should be drained"

This took me to the other side of the world, to the Netherlands. They're known for land reclamation, from literally building their country from the sea. Especially when we're facing rising sea levels because of climate change, the Dutch seem like miracle workers, a look into our future. You will find no shortage of praise about how with some windmills and dams, the Dutch took land "from the sea", and turned it into quaint little polders, making a tiny country in Europe a food exporter and don't they look so nice? But when you look about it, you can barely find anything about what came before those polders. You have to dig and dig to find any mentions of not "sea", but of complex tidal marshes and wetlands, things I've learned are ecologically diverse and protected in many places, but you won't find people talking about that at all when talking about the Netherlands. It's all just polders now. What came before was useless swamp, or a sea to be triumphantly conquered. It's like they were erased from history

The use of that language reminded me of the failed vision of draining Iberá... and the triumphing vision in the Netherlands, and many other places. Maybe those wonderful places, those unique wetlands, would have been a footnote, you wouldn't find anything unless you were a bored ecologist who looked, and not even then. Now, far it be from me to accuse the medieval Dutch, who wanted to have more space to farm, of ecocide. And don't think this is going to be a rant against European ecological imperialism either, as the most anthropized places you can find are actually in China and India. But it does get me thinking.

I work with the concept of landscape, and landscape managing. (Not landscaping, those guys get better paid than me) The concept of landscape is somewhat similar to the concept of ecosystem you know from basic biology, but besides biotic and abiotic factors, you also have to involve cultural factors, that is, humans. There is not a single area of "pristine" untouched nature in the world, that is a myth. Humans have managed these landscapes for as long as they have lived in them. The Amazon, what many people think about when they think about "unspoilt" nature, has a high proportion of domesticated plants growing on it, which were and are still used by the people who live on it, and there once were great civilizations thriving on it. Forests and gardens leave their mark, so much that we can use them to find abandoned settlements. From hunter-gatherers tending and preserving the species vital to their survival in the tundra to engineers in Hong-Kong creating new islands for airports, every human culture has managed their natural resources, creating a landscape.

And this means these landscapes we enjoy are not natural creations. They are affected by natural enviroments; biomes do exist, species have a natural distribution. But they are created and managed by humans. Humans who decide what is valuable to them and what is not. The Dutch, seemingly, found the tidal marshes useless, and they created a new landscape, which changed the history of their nation forever. We here in modern Argentina changed our perception of Iberá, decided to take another approach, and now we made it a cherished part of our heritage, which will also speak about us in the future.

Ultimately, what is a useless swamp to be drained or a beautiful expanse of nature to be cherished depends in our culture, in us humans. We are the ones who manage and change ecosystems based in our economics, our culture, our society. This will become increasingly important, as climate change and ecological degradation becomes harsher and undeniable. We will have to decide what nature is worth to us. Think about what is it worth to you.

[vardhmanvacationsblog]

North India Wildlife Tour: Top Destinations for an Unforgettable Safari Adventure

North India, known for its cultural richness and diverse landscapes, is also a treasure trove for wildlife enthusiasts. From the rugged terrains of the Himalayas to the dense forests of the Gangetic plains, the region offers a wide array of habitats that are home to an extraordinary variety of flora and fauna. A wildlife tour in North India is an adventure through some of the most spectacular national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, where one can witness the beauty of nature in its raw, untamed form. This article will guide you through the top destinations for a North India wildlife tour, highlighting the unique experiences each location offers.

1. Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand

Jim Corbett National Park, located in the foothills of the Himalayas in Uttarakhand, is the oldest national park in India and one of the most famous wildlife sanctuaries in North India. Named after the renowned hunter-turned-conservationist Jim Corbett, this park is known for its Bengal tiger population. The park spans over 500 square kilometers and encompasses diverse landscapes, including hills, riverine belts, marshy depressions, and grasslands.

Visitors to Jim Corbett can enjoy jeep safaris and elephant safaris, which provide an opportunity to spot not only tigers but also leopards, elephants, deer, and a variety of bird species. The park is divided into five zones, each offering different terrains and wildlife experiences. The Dhikala zone, in particular, is famous for its panoramic views and dense forests, making it a must-visit for wildlife enthusiasts.

2. Ranthambore National Park, Rajasthan

Ranthambore National Park, located in the state of Rajasthan, is another iconic destination for wildlife lovers in North India. Known for its Royal Bengal tigers, Ranthambore is set against the backdrop of the majestic Ranthambore Fort, which adds a historical dimension to the wildlife experience. The park’s landscape is a unique combination of rugged cliffs, deep ravines, and open grasslands, making it a picturesque setting for wildlife photography.

Ranthambore is one of the best places in India to spot tigers in their natural habitat, particularly around the lakes and watering holes where they often come to drink. Besides tigers, the park is home to a variety of wildlife, including leopards, sloth bears, Indian foxes, and an abundance of bird species. The park also offers jeep and canter safaris, allowing visitors to explore its different zones and increase their chances of tiger sightings.

3. Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan

Keoladeo National Park, also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Rajasthan. This park is a paradise for bird watchers, with over 370 species of birds recorded here. During the winter months, the park becomes a temporary home to thousands of migratory birds from Siberia, Central Asia, and Europe, including the rare Siberian crane.

The park’s wetlands, grasslands, and woodland habitats make it an ideal environment for both resident and migratory birds. Visitors can explore the park on foot, by bicycle, or by hiring cycle rickshaws that are driven by knowledgeable guides. The best time to visit Keoladeo is from October to March, when the migratory birds are present, creating a vibrant display of colors and sounds.

4. Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan

Sariska Tiger Reserve, situated in the Alwar district of Rajasthan, is another important wildlife destination in North India. Known for its dry deciduous forests and rocky terrain, Sariska is home to Bengal tigers, leopards, wild boars, hyenas, and several species of deer. The reserve also has a significant population of peafowl, vultures, and other birds.

Sariska offers jeep safaris and a unique experience of exploring the ruins of ancient temples and forts that are scattered throughout the reserve. The proximity to Delhi makes Sariska an ideal weekend getaway for wildlife enthusiasts. It is also notable for its ongoing conservation efforts, particularly in increasing the tiger population through relocation programs.

5. Dachigam National Park, Jammu and Kashmir

Located in the picturesque region of Jammu and Kashmir, Dachigam National Park is known for its pristine beauty and unique wildlife. The park is famous for being the only habitat of the endangered Hangul (Kashmiri stag), a species of red deer found only in the Kashmir Valley. Dachigam, which means “ten villages” in the local language, is a testimony to the relocation of ten villages to create this sanctuary.

The park’s landscape is a blend of alpine pastures, coniferous forests, and rocky cliffs, providing a unique environment for wildlife to thrive. Besides the Hangul, visitors can also spot Himalayan black bears, musk deer, leopards, and various species of birds. The best time to visit Dachigam is during the summer months when the weather is pleasant, and the wildlife is more active.

Conclusion

A wildlife tour in North India is an unforgettable journey into the heart of nature. Each national park and sanctuary in this region offers a unique blend of landscapes, wildlife, and experiences that cater to different interests, whether it be tiger tracking, bird watching, or exploring rugged terrains. From the dense jungles of Jim Corbett to the arid beauty of Ranthambore and the serene wetlands of Keoladeo, North India’s wildlife destinations promise an adventure filled with wonder, excitement, and a deeper connection with nature.

Embarking on a wildlife tour in North India not only allows you to witness the majestic beauty of its fauna but also underscores the importance of conservation and sustainable tourism in preserving these natural habitats for future generations.

[lumberjacktreecareservices]

The Best Experiences in Harrisburg PA

Welcome to Harrisburg, PA, where historical charm meets modern attractions. Located along the banks of Susquehanna River, this vibrant capital city offers a wealth of experiences for all types of travelers. From exploring captivating museums to indulging in delicious culinary delights, Harrisburg has something for everyone.

Top attractions in Harrisburg PA

Harrisburg is home to several top attractions that showcase the city's rich history and culture. One of the must-visit sites is the State Capitol Building, a stunning architectural masterpiece that boasts a magnificent dome and beautifully adorned interiors. Take a guided tour to learn about the state's political history and admire the grandeur of this iconic landmark.

For art enthusiasts, the Susquehanna Art Museum is a hidden gem that houses a diverse collection of contemporary artworks. Immerse yourself in the vibrant art scene of Harrisburg and discover local talent through rotating exhibitions and interactive installations.

To get a panoramic view of the city, head to the National Civil War Museum. This unique museum explores the Civil War era through interactive displays, artifacts, and educational exhibits. Gain a deeper understanding of the country's history and the impact of the Civil War on Harrisburg and its surrounding regions.

Exploring the history of Harrisburg PA

Harrisburg is steeped in history, and there are plenty of opportunities to delve into its rich past. Visit the Pennsylvania State Museum, where you can explore exhibits that showcase the state's history, culture, and natural heritage. From Native American artifacts to exhibits on Pennsylvania's industrial revolution, this museum offers a comprehensive look into the region's past.

Another historical gem in Harrisburg is Fort Hunter Mansion and Park. This beautifully preserved mansion dates back to the early 18th century and provides a glimpse into the lifestyle of Pennsylvania's colonial-era elite. Take a guided tour of the mansion, stroll through the picturesque gardens, and learn about the role Fort Hunter played in the region's history.

History buffs will also enjoy a visit to the John Harris-Simon Cameron Mansion, a historic house museum that tells the story of Harrisburg's founder, John Harris Sr., and his descendants. Explore the elegant rooms, admire the period furnishings, and learn about the influential figures who shaped the city.

Outdoor activities in Harrisburg PA

Nature lovers will find plenty of outdoor activities to enjoy in Harrisburg. Start by visiting Riverfront Park, a picturesque waterfront area that offers stunning views of the Susquehanna River. Take a leisurely stroll along the riverfront promenade, rent a bike to explore the trails, or have a picnic in one of the park's green spaces.

For a unique experience, hop aboard a riverboat tour and cruise along the Susquehanna River. Learn about the region's history while enjoying the scenic beauty of the river and its surrounding landscapes. Keep an eye out for wildlife and take in the tranquility of the water.

If you prefer to explore on foot, head to Wildwood Park, a 210-acre nature reserve that offers miles of scenic trails. Walk through lush forests, spot various bird species in the wetland areas, and enjoy the peaceful ambiance of this natural oasis. Don't forget to bring your camera to capture the beauty of the park's flora and fauna.

Shopping and dining in Harrisburg PA

Harrisburg boasts a vibrant culinary scene and a variety of shopping options for visitors to enjoy. Start your day with a visit to the Broad Street Market, one of the oldest continuously operating farmers' markets in the United States. Browse through a wide selection of fresh produce, artisanal products, and local crafts. Grab a quick bite from one of the food stalls or sit down for a leisurely brunch at one of the market's cafes.

For a unique shopping experience, explore the eclectic boutiques and shops in Midtown Harrisburg. Discover locally made crafts, vintage finds, and one-of-a-kind treasures as you wander through the charming streets of this vibrant neighborhood. Take a break at one of the neighborhood's trendy coffee shops or cozy cafes for a refreshing drink or a delicious snack.

When it comes to dining, Harrisburg offers a diverse range of culinary options. From farm-to-table eateries that highlight fresh and seasonal ingredients to upscale restaurants serving international cuisine, there's something to satisfy every palate. Don't forget to try the city's famous Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine, known for its hearty and comforting dishes.

Harrisburg PA's arts and culture scene

Harrisburg's arts and culture scene is thriving, with numerous galleries, theaters, and performance venues to explore. In addition to the Susquehanna Art Museum mentioned earlier, art lovers can also visit the Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts. This impressive complex houses a science center, a performing arts theater, and an IMAX theater, offering a wide range of educational and entertaining experiences.

For a dose of live entertainment, check out the performances at the Gamut Theatre Group. This professional theater company offers a diverse lineup of productions, including classic plays, contemporary dramas, and original works. Whether you're a theater enthusiast or simply looking for a night of entertainment, the Gamut Theatre Group is sure to impress.

Harrisburg is also home to the Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra, which presents a variety of classical and pops concerts throughout the year. Experience the power of live orchestral music in the beautifully restored Forum Auditorium, and be captivated by the talent of the musicians.

Family-friendly activities in Harrisburg PA

Harrisburg is a great destination for families, with plenty of activities that will keep both kids and adults entertained. One of the top family-friendly attractions is the Whitaker Center for Science and the Arts. Explore the interactive exhibits at the science center, catch a family-friendly movie at the IMAX theater, or enjoy a live performance at the performing arts theater.

For a fun and educational experience, visit the State Museum of Pennsylvania. This museum offers hands-on exhibits that cater to kids of all ages, allowing them to learn about the state's natural history, geology, and wildlife. From dinosaur fossils to interactive displays, there's always something new to discover at the State Museum.

If your family enjoys outdoor adventures, head to City Island Park. This scenic island is located in the middle of the Susquehanna River and offers a range of activities, including mini-golf, batting cages, and a train ride. Take in the beautiful views of the river and enjoy a day of outdoor fun with the whole family.

Events and festivals in Harrisburg PA

Throughout the year, Harrisburg hosts a variety of events and festivals that showcase the city's vibrant culture and community spirit. One of the highlights is the Kipona Festival, held annually over Labor Day weekend. This three-day event features live music, food vendors, arts and crafts, and a spectacular fireworks display over the river. Join the locals in celebrating the city's heritage and enjoy the festive atmosphere.

Another popular event is the Pennsylvania Farm Show, the largest indoor agricultural exposition in the United States. Held in January, this week-long event showcases the state's agricultural industry through livestock exhibits, agricultural competitions, food tastings, and live entertainment. It's a great opportunity to learn about Pennsylvania's farming traditions and sample delicious local products.

For art enthusiasts, the Artsfest of Greater Harrisburg is a must-visit. Held over Memorial Day weekend, this juried fine arts festival features works by artists from across the country. Explore the booths, meet the artists, and add a unique piece of art to your collection.

Hidden gems in Harrisburg PA

In addition to the well-known attractions, Harrisburg is home to several hidden gems that are worth exploring. One of them is the State Museum of Pennsylvania's Mammal Hall, which showcases the state's diverse wildlife through realistic dioramas. Marvel at the lifelike displays and learn about the animals that call Pennsylvania home.

If you're a fan of craft beer, don't miss out on the opportunity to visit some of Harrisburg's local breweries. Sample a wide variety of handcrafted beers and learn about the brewing process from the passionate brewers themselves. From hoppy IPAs to smooth stouts, there's a beer for every palate.

For a unique dining experience, head to the Millworks, a restaurant and art gallery housed in a renovated historic mill. Enjoy farm-to-table cuisine made with locally sourced ingredients while admiring the works of local artists displayed throughout the space. Don't forget to check out the rooftop biergarten for stunning views of the city skyline.

With its blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, Harrisburg offers an array of experiences that will leave you captivated. From exploring the city's top attractions and immersing yourself in its rich history to enjoying outdoor activities and indulging in delicious cuisine, there's something for everyone in this charming capital city. Plan your visit to Harrisburg today and discover the best of what this vibrant destination has to offer.

Taking care of the trees on your property is not just about aesthetics, it is also a matter of safety and overall health. Trees are living organisms that require proper care to thrive and remain structurally sound. Engaging professional tree care services, such as Lumberjack Tree Care Services in Harrisburg, PA, can provide numerous benefits for both you and your trees.

Proper tree care helps in maintaining the overall beauty and appeal of your landscape. Well-maintained trees enhance the visual appeal of your property, making it more inviting and enjoyable for both residents and visitors. Regular pruning and trimming can shape and balance the trees, promoting healthy growth and providing an aesthetically pleasing appearance.

In addition to aesthetics, tree care services also play a vital role in ensuring the safety of your property and loved ones. Overgrown or damaged trees can pose a significant risk, especially during severe weather conditions. Professional tree care providers, like Lumberjack Tree Care Services, have the knowledge and expertise to identify potential hazards and take appropriate measures to mitigate them. This includes removing dead branches, reducing the weight of heavy limbs, and even complete tree removal when necessary.

Furthermore, maintaining the health of your trees is essential for their longevity. Tree care services involve regular inspections, diagnosing diseases, and treating infestations. By identifying and addressing these issues early on, you can prevent further damage and potentially save your trees from irreversible harm.

Choosing professional tree care services, such as Lumberjack Tree Care Services, ensures that your trees receive the attention and care they deserve. With their expertise and dedication, they can help you maintain stunning, healthy, and safe trees for years to come.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Tree Service Provider

When it comes to choosing a tree service provider, you want to ensure that you are entrusting your trees to experienced professionals who will deliver high-quality service. Here are some key factors to consider before making your decision:

Credentials and Certifications

A reputable tree care service provider, like Lumberjack Tree Care Services, should have the necessary credentials and certifications to perform tree care tasks safely and effectively. Look for certifications from organizations such as the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) or the Tree Care Industry Association (TCIA). These certifications demonstrate that the company's arborists have undergone rigorous training and adhere to industry standards.

Experience and Expertise

Experience is a crucial factor to consider when selecting a tree care service provider. A company with years of experience, like Lumberjack Tree Care Services, has likely encountered various tree care challenges and knows how to handle them effectively. Experienced professionals have the knowledge and expertise to assess tree health, diagnose issues accurately, and provide appropriate solutions.

Range of Services Offered

Different tree care service providers may offer a variety of services. Assess your specific needs and ensure that the provider you choose offers the services you require. Whether it's tree pruning, trimming, removal, stump grinding, or emergency tree services, it's essential that the company can meet your specific tree care needs.

Safety Measures and Insurance Coverage

Tree care involves inherent risks, so it's crucial to choose a service provider that prioritizes safety. Inquire about the safety measures they have in place to protect their workers, your property, and themselves. Additionally, ensure that the company has proper insurance coverage to protect you from any liability in case of accidents or property damage during the tree care process.

Reputation and Customer Reviews

One of the best ways to gauge the quality of a tree care service provider is by checking their reputation and customer reviews. Look for testimonials and reviews from previous clients to get a sense of the company's track record. Positive feedback and referrals are indicators of a reputable and reliable service provider.

Cost and Pricing

While cost should not be the sole determining factor, it is still an important consideration. Request detailed quotes from different providers and compare them against the services they offer. Be cautious of extremely low prices, as they may indicate subpar service or lack of necessary insurance coverage. Look for a balance between affordability and high-quality service.

By considering these factors and conducting thorough research, you can make an informed decision when choosing a tree care service provider. Lumberjack Tree Care Services ticks all the boxes, providing exceptional service, expertise, and a commitment to customer satisfaction.

Choosing the right tree care service provider is crucial for the health, safety, and beauty of your trees and property. Lumberjack Tree Care Services in Harrisburg, PA, offers a comprehensive range of professional tree care solutions that you can trust.

With their experienced team of arborists, commitment to safety, and affordable pricing, Lumberjack Tree Care Services stands out as a reliable choice for all your tree care needs. From tree pruning and trimming to tree removal and stump grinding, they have the expertise to handle any task efficiently and effectively.

Don't compromise on the care of your trees. Choose Lumberjack Tree Care Services and experience the difference that their expertise, dedication, and commitment to customer satisfaction can make. Your trees will thank you for the exceptional care they receive, and your property will flourish with beautiful, healthy trees that enhance its overall appeal.

Lumberjack Tree Care Services 1013 Port Carbon St, Pottsville PA 17901 (717) 510-2675 https://lumberjacktreeservicespa.com/

[mahima-tiwari]

Exploring Jim Corbett National Park: Sightseeing and Excursions from The Hridayesh Resort

Welcome to the enchanting realm of Jim Corbett National Park, one of India's most celebrated wildlife reserves and a paradise for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. In this article, we will delve into the breathtaking beauty of the park and the exciting excursions you can embark on from The Hridayesh Resort, a luxurious haven nestled close to the park's boundaries.

Discovering the Jim Corbett National Park

History and Conservation Efforts: Jim Corbett National Park, named after the legendary hunter-turned-conservationist Jim Corbett, was established in 1936. Initially called Hailey National Park, it was the first national park in India, aimed at protecting the endangered Bengal tiger. Over the years, the park's boundaries expanded, and today it stands as a prime example of successful tiger conservation efforts.

Rich Biodiversity and Ecosystems: The park's diverse landscapes encompass hills, riverine belts, marshy depressions, and a vast stretch of grasslands. It is a part of the Terai Arc Landscape and provides a safe haven for numerous animal species, including tigers, elephants, leopards, and various bird species. The park also houses the endangered gharial and mugger crocodile, making it an essential hub for conserving India's wildlife.

Where Comfort Meets Wilderness: The Hridayesh Resort

A Luxurious Retreat Amidst Nature: Nestled on the fringes of the Jim Corbett National Park, The Hridayesh Resort, one of the best resorts in dhikuli ramnagar offers a serene and opulent escape into the lap of nature. With its luxurious cottages and modern amenities, the resort seamlessly blends comfort and wilderness, providing guests with an unforgettable experience.

Amenities and Services: The Hridayesh Resort boasts a range of amenities, including a multi-cuisine restaurant, a spa, and a swimming pool. The resort also organizes wildlife safaris and nature walks, allowing guests to immerse themselves in the beauty of the surrounding landscapes.

Embarking on Safari Adventures

Jeep Safari | Up Close with Wildlife: Jeep safaris are an exhilarating way to explore the park's interiors and witness its remarkable wildlife. Accompanied by experienced guides, visitors can venture deep into the heart of the jungle, increasing their chances of spotting elusive creatures like tigers and leopards.

Canter Safari | A Group Wildlife Exploration: Canter safaris are ideal for group excursions. These open-air vehicles offer panoramic views of the park's landscapes and allow for shared wildlife sightings, enhancing the overall experience.

Elephant Safari | The Majestic Ride: Embark on a royal ride atop an elephant and traverse the park in a unique and eco-friendly manner. Elephant safaris provide a different perspective, and the gentle giants offer a sense of awe and wonder as they lead you through the wilderness.

Birdwatching Extravaganza

Bird Species in the Park: Jim Corbett National Park is a haven for avian enthusiasts, housing over 600 bird species. From colorful kingfishers to majestic eagles, the park offers a birdwatcher's paradise.

Birdwatching Opportunities: The park's diverse habitats, such as wetlands, grasslands, and dense forests, attract a wide array of birdlife. Birdwatching walks and guided tours provide ample opportunities to spot and photograph these winged wonders in their natural habitats.

Jungle Walks: Embracing the Wilderness

Guided Nature Trails: Guided jungle walks offer a chance to explore the park on foot, accompanied by knowledgeable naturalists. These walks allow visitors to understand the nuances of the forest ecosystem and appreciate the smaller but equally fascinating flora and fauna.

Bird Watching Walks: For avid birdwatchers, dedicated bird watching walks provide exclusive opportunities to observe and learn about the park's diverse avian population.

Flora and Fauna Encounters: The park's rich flora, including towering sal trees and vibrant orchids, adds to the charm of these jungle walks. Lucky visitors may even encounter various wildlife species during their exploration.

River Adventures: Rafting and Fishing

Kosi River Rafting: Adventurers can satiate their thirst for thrill by indulging in river rafting on the Kosi River. The exciting rapids and picturesque landscapes make for an unforgettable experience.

Mahaseer Fishing: For fishing enthusiasts, the park offers the opportunity to catch the elusive Mahaseer, a freshwater game fish known for its strength and fighting spirit.

Excursions Beyond the Park

Garjiya Devi Temple: Perched atop a hillock, the Garjiya Devi Temple offers breathtaking views of the Kosi River and the surrounding forests. It is a popular pilgrimage spot and a cultural attraction.

Corbett Waterfall: The Corbett Waterfall, cascading from a height of 20 meters, is a tranquil spot for picnics and relaxation.

Kyari Village Walk: Experience the authentic rural life of Uttarakhand by taking a leisurely walk through the quaint Kyari Village, interacting with friendly locals, and witnessing traditional customs.

Sitabani Forest Reserve: Sitabani Forest Reserve, located on the outskirts of the park, is known for its diverse flora and fauna, offering opportunities for birdwatching and nature walks.

Nainital, The Lake District: Nainital, a picturesque hill station located a few hours from the park, beckons travelers with its pristine lakes and scenic beauty.

Immersing in Local Culture

Kumaoni Cuisine: The Hridayesh Resort offers a delectable taste of Kumaoni cuisine, known for its unique flavors and use of local ingredients.

Cultural Performances: Guests can enjoy traditional Kumaoni performances at the resort, adding an authentic touch to their wilderness retreat.

Conservation and Responsible Tourism

Supporting Local Communities: Responsible tourism practices and sustainable initiatives help support the local communities surrounding the park.

Eco-friendly Practices: The Hridayesh Resort and the park authorities emphasize eco-friendly practices to conserve the natural beauty of the region for generations to come.

Conclusion

Exploring Jim Corbett National Park is a journey into the heart of untamed wilderness, teeming with wildlife and surrounded by serene landscapes. From thrilling safaris to enchanting excursions and a luxurious stay at The Hridayesh Resort, the experiences are as diverse as the park's ecosystem. So, pack your bags and embark on an unforgettable adventure to this wildlife paradise!

[cypherdecypher]

Animal of the Day!

Giant Ibis (Thaumatibis gigantea)

(Photo by Charley Hesse)

Conservation Status- Critically Endangered

Habitat- Cambodia; Vietnam; Laos

Size (Weight/Length)- 4.2 kg; 106 cm

Diet- Reptiles; Small fish; Frogs; Crustaceans; Insects

Cool Facts- Sticking to the wetlands of northern Cambodia, the giant ibis is an incredibly rare sight. Being the largest ibis species, dwarfing the second largest, they are a master hunter. Eating everything from fish to insects, they tower of their neighboring black ibises. Pairs of ibis will spend the breeding season in massive twiggy nests built in sturdy trees where they chase off possible predators. Sadly, due to the draining of wetlands for human construction, the giant ibis is facing extinction. Martens and civets steal eggs by the dozen despite the parent’s attempts to chase them off. Less than 200 adults remain and conservationists are rushing to protect nests and bring more light about these birds so that a national park can be created with help from the locals.

Rating- 13/10 (A shy, rare bird in need of help.)

[anakinsbugs]

Aransas Wildlife Refuge – Winter Home of the Whooping Crane

New Post has been published on https://walrusvideo.com/aransas-wildlife-refuge-winter-home-of-the-whooping-crane/

Aransas Wildlife Refuge – Winter Home of the Whooping Crane

Aransas Wildlife Refuge is famous for being the winter home of the Whooping Crane. Aransas County, Texas is one of the hottest birding spots in the country. In fact, USA Today readers recently choice named Aransas National Wildlife Refuge as the number one birding spot in the nation. There you can see 400 different species of birds. Aransas County has long been on the great texas coastal birding trail because of its position on the central flyway path for migratory birds.

On This Page

ANWR What it is, and Where

National Wildlife Refuge System

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Aransas National Wildlife Refuge

Best trails in Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas

Aransas Wildlife Refuge Check List

How often do you visit the ANW Refuge?

ANW Refuge Austwell

Aransas National Wildlife Refuge Whooping Crane Survey

Aransas Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)

Texas is home to the Aransas Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). This refuge is known for helping to save the whooping crane from extinction. In 1941 there were only 15 whooping cranes left, this refuge was established previously to help to breed them and took the responsibility to save the whooping crane. The refuge offers many activities for visitors. There are many different nature trails and observation places to enjoy the wildlife from.

Tourists flock to the Aransas Wildlife Refuge Austwell during the winter to catch a glimpse of the whooping cranes. This year was special as a nesting pair of bald eagles was also drawing bird lovers in. About halfway down the refuge’s one-way, 9-mile driving loop visitors stop or pull their cars over to watch the iconic birds nesting in the distance.

National Wildlife Refuge System

Aransas Wildlife Refuge, coastal habitat conservation area in Southern Texas, U.S., located about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Corpus Christi. The refuge, parts of which are jointly administered by state and federal agencies, covers a total of 181 square miles (469 square km) on the Gulf of Mexico , including large tracts of land on Matagorda Island and on a broad peninsula between San Antonio Bay and St. Austwell.

The refuge was established in 1937 to serve as “a refuge and breeding ground for migratory birds and other wildlife…” and “…for use as an inviolate sanctuary, or for any other management purpose, for migratory birds…” The wildlife conservation mission of the national wildlife refuge system and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ensures the refuge will continue to conserve, protect and enhance these lands for the benefit of wildlife and the American people.

In 1937 a large effort was needed to protect dwindling populations of migratory birds and other wildlife in the region. Set aside by the executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, this unique gulf coast landscape has remained largely natural. It has been able to continue its ongoing legacy of constant and dramatic transformation That’s a process that began when it was first formed roughly 120,000 years ago.

Aransas is considered the “crown jewel” of the national wildlife refuge system. It is the only summering ground for the endangered whooping crane and home to large colonies of birds including pelicans, cranes, herons and egrets. The refuge has a number of small walking trails and also has a scenic 10 mi (16 km) drive through its interior. Wild boar, alligators and armadillos can also be seen at the refuge.

Current weather conditions for Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Tx, are obtained from the closest government-operated station. That is a personal station contributing to the PWSweather. Com network which may have varying degrees of accuracy Or the forecast may be obtained from the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS).

The nearest weather station for both precipitation and temperature measurements is Aransas Wildlife which is approximately 8 miles away and has an elevation of 15 feet (2 feet higher than the refuge trail system).

This refuge is one of over 545 national wildlife refuges spanning the united states and managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The national wildlife refuge system is the only national system of lands dedicated to conserving our wildlife heritage for today and generations yet to come. The Aransas refuge is comprised of over 115,000 acres including the Blackjack Peninsula, Matagorda Island, Myrtle Foester Whitmire, Tatton and Lamar units.

This reserve is a large contiguous complex of wetland, terrestrial, and marine environments named for the two river systems that flow into it. Coastal prairie, oak motte, riparian freshwater, and salt marsh habitats, make up the reserve. The water portion consists of three large, open and shallow bays that support extensive tidal flats, seagrass beds, mangroves, and oyster reefs. The largest wetland habitat (24,400 acres) on the north side of the reserve is part of the refuge and is the winter home to the critically endangered whooping crane.

Just one of five hundred and more national wildlife refuges spanning the US, theses are a national system of lands. Lands that are dedicated to conserving US wildlife heritage not only today but for many generations into the future.

The wildlife refuge is partnering with Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) to offer hunters the convenience of applying for refuge hunt permits online. Hunters are now able to apply for the refuge’s white-tailed deer and feral hog hunting permits through the texas parks and wildlife department’s online public hunt draw system.

Slowly rebounding from near extinction, this bird’s survival depends on a healthy gulf.

In the classic fine photo of the refuge a whooping crane typically stretches skyward. It remains a vital refuge for at-risk birds. Resilient whooping cranes have been slowly rebounding from near extinction during the past century, but their survival still depends on a delicate coastal ecosystem.

The friends of  the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

The friends of Aransas National Wildlife was founded in October of 1997. They care about the refuge and want to help the US Fish and Wildlife Service with their mission of protecting wildlife and wildlife habitat. With 501 (c) (3) not for profit status, they have grown to approximately 100 members.

It is one of the most popular birding areas in Texas, famous as the best site in the world for the largest wild flock of the endangered whooping crane. In addition, a large number of other birds can be seen there. More than 392 species have been recorded in total, one of the longest bird lists from any of the USA’s network of wildlife refuges.

A park entrance fee is charged per day — $3 per person or $5 per vehicle. Note: various passes are available that permit free access to all national wildlife refuges. For more information, refer to the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service Refuge Passes Dept.

The texas coastal bend has long been a region that whooping cranes migrated to for the winter. This coastal bend includes the deep curved area located along the gulf. One of its largest cities includes Corpus Christi, and other areas include Laguna Madre, North Padre Island, and Mustang Island. In the last few years, a record number of cranes have touched down along the Texas coast.

A recent visitor to the refuge peered through a scope atop an observation deck. She had never seen a whooping crane, and a pair of them towered over other birds foraging on the flats in the distance. “This is a place worth saving,” she said. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently announced it would spend $26. 9 million making whole again a national wildlife refuge carved up by hurricane Harvey.

Aransas Wildlife Volunteers

I want to take a minute to recognize a few long-time volunteers at Aransas Wildlife Refuge that really do make a difference for our wildlife and wild places. First off, a long-time volunteer at Aransas was awarded as the 2017 Coastal Steward by the coastal bend bays foundation at the Annual Environmental Awards Banquet on 7 December. That guy put a great deal of “sweat equity” into Aransas over the years, from mowing, cutting and spraying invasive species to helping our maintenance staff with all sorts of projects.

Aransas national wildlife refuge is a 115,324-acre (466. 7km2) protected area situated on the southwest side of San Antonio bay along the gulf coast of the U.S. State of Texas. It is located in parts of Aransas, Refugio, and Calhoun counties. It is situated on the southwest side of San Antonio Bay, formed by the mouth of the Guadalupe River. It also includes nearly the entirety of Matagorda Island, a 38-mile barrier island.

Don’t miss out on the opportunity to see the endangered whooping cranes. We offer the chance to witness these birds in their natural habitat! These are winter and springtime trips to the Aransas refuge. The lowest impact way to see these birds is from the water looking onto the refuge, and there is no better way to see them than in the comfort of the wharf cat and scat cat.

Aransas National Wildlife Refuge was originally known as Aransas Migratory Waterfowl Refuge It is located on the Blackjack Peninsula, eight miles southeast of Austwell and midway between Rockport and Port Lavaca, on the gulf coast. The refuge comprises 54,829 acres of scattered blackjack oak woodlands, fresh and saltwater marshes, ponds, and coastal grasslands on the mainland, as well as 56,668 acres on Matagorda island. Karankawa, Lipan, Tonkawa, and Comanche Indians once occupied the area.

Friends of the refuge recently gave out 500 shells they had painted, as well as roseate spoonbill postcards and Aransas NWR pencils, and information about the refuge. One member created a photo album that she had on display at the table, and that got a lot of interest.

The refuge will resume collecting fees to access the refuge beginning on Friday, March 5, 2021. Fees are used to support and enhance visitor facilities, infrastructure (trails and structures), and public programs. The contact station and restrooms will remain closed (portable restrooms are available). All visitors will need to register and pay the daily access fee (cash only) at the information kiosk/iron ranger.

There was plenty of outdoor fun to be had last autumn at the Aransas Wildlife Refuge in Austwell. Activities included archery and BB gun shooting, kids’ fishing, cast netting lessons, crafts, kayaking, junior wildland firefighter events, face painting, casting and fly fishing practice, wildlife games and more.

The bugle of the endangered whooping crane echoes across the far reaches of the marsh. Only at Aransas refuge do North America’s tallest birds find an enduring winter stronghold. Here, too, pelicans, herons, egrets, roseate spoonbills, ducks, and geese dine, in brackish waters and salt marshes teeming with fishes, blue crabs, and clams. Onshore, javelinas, bobcats and deer wander oak woodlands.

The Trails in Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas

The refuge is open daily and features a driving trail, walking trails, observation tower, and picnic area. It’s a short drive from Port Aransas and the Aransas Wildlife Refuge is well worth it. You can get up close and personal with whooping cranes and alligators. The time we went there with our dog, they told us to leave the dog in the car because it will look like dinner to the alligators! Additional activities include hiking, birding, picnicking, and fishing. Six leisurely hiking trails totalling 4.

Aransas national wildlife refuge is a 114,657 acre (464 km2) protected area situated on the southwest side of San Antonio bay along the gulf coast of the U.S. State of Texas. It is located in parts of Aransas, Refugio, and Calhoun counties.

My husband and I have been to that refuge several times over the past 20 years. It is a huge refuge at 115,324 acres. We spent about 4 hours at the refuge on this visit. We found 7 alligators on the rail trail ( 0. 3 miles) and heron trail ( 1. 4 miles ). Part of the heron trail was closed due to a damaged footbridge. We had gone to the wildlife refuge in the spring for the first time to photograph the whooping cranes at the refuge. However, the morning of our trip was so foggy all of the photos were pretty disappointing. At that time we decided we had to go back in November and indeed we did return. We found out about Kevin Sim’s charter boats, Aransas Bay Birding Charters, and booked a trip on the jack flash.

Barn owls are still quite common in the refuge, and I took a wonderful photo of a fox squirrel standing on top knotted bark of a tree. Another great shot was of an alligator hiding in the brush. So for my money, Aransas County, Texas is indeed one of the hottest birding spots in the country.

Aransas refuge is displayed on the “Mesquite Bay” USGS quadrangle of their topo map. Anyone who is interested in visiting Aransas National Wildlife Refuge can print the free topographic map and other maps using the link above. The location, topography, and nearby roads and trails around the refuge (park) can be seen in the map layers.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) offers a variety of draw hunts. I usually put my name in the hat for a couple of them every year, but I never had any luck getting drawn. That all changed this past December when I received an email from TPWD informing me that I had been drawn for a hunt in the Aransas Wildlife Refuge. The quarry was whitetail deer and feral pigs.

Wildlife Refuge Check List

You have a vacation wish list a mile long, but there’s one spot that needs to be checked off now. You’re not about to be the only person who hasn’t seen that national wildlife refuge, so it’s high time you see it your way. We found an absurdly cheap deal on a hotel near the refuge. What’s a vacation anyway if you can’t treat yourself?

For bird-watchers, the 115,000-acre ANWR is the premier site on the Texas coast, with more than 400 species having been documented here. Even people who don’t carry binoculars and ornithological checklists can get caught up in the bird-spotting frenzy. It peaks here every March and November but is still great throughout the year. None are more famous, more followed or more watched than the whooping-cranes – among the rarest creatures in North America.

Situated on the Texas Gulf Coast along San Antonio Bay, the 70,504 acres of the ANWR are host to an exotic array of wildlife, including alligators, javelina (collared peccary), snakes, bobcats and whooping cranes. A 16-mile one-way driving tour takes visitors through the refuge’s grassland, oak thicket, freshwater pond, and marshland habitats, providing excellent wildlife viewing opportunities.

How often do you visit the Aransas Wildlife Refuge?

Bird watching enthusiasts will want to take a short 45-minute drive to the refuge located on the San Antonio Bay near Austwell. This remarkable place is home each season to thousands of migratory birds including pelicans, herons, egrets, spoonbills, shorebirds, ducks, and geese.

The white prickly poppies are in full bloom in early May. Against a clear blue sky, the temperature is rising, but the spring flowers bring relief, at least in a visual sense. This was my first visit to this particular refuge, yet it feels familiar. In my experience, the refuges share a stillness that sets them apart from the world we come from.

All the information you need to know about ANWR Airport is available online. While vacationing in Rockport, Texas, we visited the ANWR and Mustang Island State Park. They were both about a 30-minute scenic drive from our spot at Bay View RV Park. We took many pictures, shot a few videos, and got sweaty in the hot and humid Southern Texas weather.

Aransas Rail Trail in the Wildlife Refuge Austwell

Aransas national wildlife refuge rail trail is a 1. 2 miles moderately trafficked out and back trail located near Austwell, Texas that features a lake and is good for all skill levels. The trail is primarily used for walking, nature trips, and bird watching and is accessible year-round. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on a leash.

The youth conservation corps workers spent 8 weeks working in different areas of the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. The students spent one day working in the pollinator garden. They did an amazing job and accomplished more in one day than we ever imagined possible.

Refuge Whooping Crane Survey

The refuge begins posting updates once the birds begin arriving (around mid-October) and posts information frequently until the birds leave for their summer home in Canada (near the end of March). Once the birds have left their wintering grounds and the data has been fully analyzed, the refuge prepares the Aransas-wood buffalo whooping crane abundance survey, a full report on the season. This information will also be made available to the public.

The ANWR completed the annual whooping crane abundance survey 2021 in the last week of February and were able to fly three primary surveys and two secondary surveys. Areas surveyed stretch along the Texas coast from Matagorda to Port Aransas. The pilot with the USFWS migratory birds program, flew the survey crew in a wheeled Kodiak again this year. In addition to an overall estimate of the winter population size, the survey provides the ANWR with an estimate of how many juveniles were “recruited” into the population last summer.

This article was originally posted on https://holidaynexus.com/

The Article Aransas Wildlife Refuge – Winter Home of the Whooping Crane First Appeared ON : https://gqcentral.co.uk

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Go to Source Author: Steve

[sawgrassnaturecenter]

Decline of the Everglades Snail Kite

The Everglades Snail Kite is a hallmark of Florida wildlife. Found in central and south Florida, this magnificent bird of prey thrives in swampy, wetland habitats (Audubon Society, 2020). Unfortunately the population of this seasoned hunter has dropped at an alarming rate.

The Everglades, a vital habitat to the Snail Kite, has been significantly reduced in size due to expanding infrastructure and construction of surrounding human populations (National Park Service, 2019). Fortuitously, organizations such as the Everglades Foundation have worked tirelessly throughout the years to restore and conserve the Everglades which is home to many of Florida’s unique species. (The Everglades Foundation, 2020).

But habitat loss is not the only struggle the Everglades Snail Kite faces. Their curved beaks are adapted specifically to feed on its namesake: Florida Apple Snails, or Pomacea paludosa. While there are several species of Apple Snails currently located in Florida, Pomacea paludosa is the native species of apple snail to Florida. There is some debate over whether local populations of the Florida Apple Snail may be a separate species from Pomacea paludosa (Schad, 2018), but we will only be referring to Pomacea paludosa for the purpose of this article.

One might think that the addition of new types of apple snails to Florida would mean the expansion of food for the Everglades Snail Kite, but that does not seem to be the case. Their beaks are so specifically adapted to the smaller, curved shells of the Pomacea paludosa, that the Everglades Snail Kite cannot use its beak successfully to feed on larger species of Apple Snails that are invading Florida wetlands. This poses another problem where the larger species of invasive apple snails are outcompeting and displacing the smaller Pomacea paludosa. The Everglades Snail Kite is facing food loss in addition to habitat loss.

But all is not lost. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, located in Fort Pierce, Florida has successfully completed research on the practice of captive breeding the Florida Apple Snail with a long-term goal of finding ways to replenish wild populations of Pomacea paludosa (Garr, Amber, Helen Posch, Margaret McQuillan, Megan Davis, 2012). These practices, if safely regulated and approved, could be used to help replenish the population of the Everglades Snail Kite by providing it with more food. Regulations and controls are needed to ensure that captive populations would not introduce new bacteria, or diseases to wild populations.

The Everglades Snail Kite is not the only endangered species in Florida, but it is a wonderful example of how—when united—people have the chance to improve many environmental problems.

Audubon Society, 2020. The Everglades Snail Kite. Audubon Florida.

[https://fl.audubon.org/birds/everglade-snail-kite]

Schad, Morgan. 2018. The Discovery of a Forgotten Species in an Unexpected Location: Pomaceamiamiensis in Palm Beach County. Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College.

The Everglades Foundation, 2020. About. [https://www.evergladesfoundation.org/about]

Garr, Amber. Helen Posch. Margaret McQuillan. Megan Davis. 2012. Development of a captive breeding program for the Florida apple snail, Pomacea paludosa: Relaxation and sex ratio recommendations.

Aquaculture. Volume 370-371, Pages 166-171.

[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848612006163?via%3Dihub]

National Park Service. 2019. Restoration of Everglades National Park. U.S. Department of the Interior.

South Florida Natural Resources Center. Everglades National Park.

[https://www.nps.gov/ever/learn/nature/upload/RestorationFactSheet%20Lo%20Secure.pdf]

[panfishonthefly]

A Different Kind of Blue Lining

The term Blue Lining usually refers to fishing small, often remote, trout streams for native or wild fish. I had a craving for a little blue lining myself but at the height of "leaf season" here in New Jersey, fishing our small wild trout streams that flow through hardwood forests is an exercise in futility, at least until the leaves are off the trees. That being the case, a different kind of blue lining was in order. I headed to where trees have needles instead of leaves, the Pine Barrens. New Jersey's Pine Barrens is an expansive wilderness area in one of this nation's most populous states; it contains 1.1 million acres of pine forests, wetlands, streams, rivers, lakes, and bogs. Although some trout can be found in the Toms River and its tributaries, I was more interested in the Barren's native species, particularly its native sunfish. The Pine Barrens are home to two species of sunfish seldom found outside of that area. They are the Black Banded Sunfish and the Mud Sunfish.  

On an unseasonably warm November day, I loaded up a daypack with lunch and the gear needed for a day in the wilds, grabbed a short, light fiberglass fly rod, and a blaze orange hat to ward off the errant hunter. I hopped in the truck and headed south toward the Pine Barrens' northern edge, which is a short ride from my home. In no time at all, I was bouncing down a sand road not found on either my vehicle's or phone's GPS with no particular destination in mind. As the road became less traveled, it also became smaller. Soon brush was continually rubbing up against the side of my truck. The last time I was back this deep in the barrens, I drove a nimble Toyota FJ Cruiser. This time around, I felt far less confident in my crew cab F-150 pick up truck. As the trees closed in, I became more than a little nervous about the fact that I may not be able to turn around if the road ran out of sand as they often do or became impassable due to a fallen tree or a stream re-routed by a beaver. I did not look forward to the prospect of backing up a pickup truck down a few miles of narrow winding fire roads.

As I started to look around for a place to turn around between the trees, I came across a small but deep looking stream. All the streams in the Pine Barrens look deep. Their tea-colored tannin-stained water and dark stream beds make it all but impossible to gauge their depth. I pulled the truck off the narrow sand track as far as I could, though I likely could have left it parked right in the middle of the narrow lane as my vehicle tracks were the only tracks on the ground, and I seriously doubted anybody would be coming by that afternoon. Slipping on a pair of knee-high boots and grabbing my rod and daypack, I followed the stream into the woods. At first, the stream seemed devoid of fish, but I hooked a scrappy little fish on my first cast when I arrived at my first sizeable pool. Unfortunately, it appeared to be just a generic bluegill, not one of the unique, native sunfish I was seeking. Both species of native Pine Barren sunfish prefer waterways with abundant vegetation. I don't know if it was the lateness of the season, or I if had inadvertently selected a stream devoid of plant life but there were no weeds visible any where in this stream. The dark tea-colored water made it very difficult to read. Perhaps this lack of vegetation prevented me from completing my mission of catching a New Jersey native sunfish. Plenty of fish were caught, but they were all ordinary run of the mill bluegills. Not that I am complaining! They put a deep bend in the fly rod and were considerably larger than the native fish I sought.

After following the stream's winding course for an hour or so, it flowed into a small beaver pond. Though the thick vegetation on the shoreline made it challenging to cast, I could carefully wade the firm sand bottom around most of the lake as long as I did not go more than calf-deep in the water. A pair of hip boots would have been ideal in this situation! This little pond was chock full of another NJ native, the chain pickerel. On almost every cast, I received slashing strikes from small foot-long pickerel that have probably never seen a fly! By cutting back my leader, I managed to keep most of my flies when hooking these smaller fish. However, every time I caught a larger pickerel, I was relieved of my fly in short order. At one point, I looked into my box and realized most of my flies were gone. Most lost to the razor sharp teeth of pickerel and a few to tree limbs behind me.  

Though it was only about a quarter to four, the sun was sitting surprisingly low in the sky. It was time to reel in and begin the walk back to the truck. Many people become lost in this neck of the woods because the forests are very disorienting. Everything looks the same, and it is easy to get turned around. In the failing light, I quickly retraced my steps back along the stream to the relative security of my truck. When I came within view of my vehicle, it was a quarter past five, and the sun's light was just a soft pink glow on the western horizon. It was a little tricky turning the truck around in the darkness, something I should have had the common sense to do that before heading off into the trees! Once turned around, I began the drive out. Even though these sand fire roads are not on the map, my vehicle's GPS has a feature that leaves virtual "breadcrumbs" that marked the route I took on the way in. I am confident that I would still be trying to find my way out without this navigational aid!

Even though I failed to achieve my goal of catching a New Jersey native sunfish, it was a stellar day! Any day spend outdoors under bluebird skies with no bugs, and plenty of cooperative fish is one that will not be soon forgotten.

[mellifera38]

Mel’s Big Fantasy Place-Name Reference

So I’ve been doing lots of D&D world-building lately and I’ve kind of been putting together lists of words to help inspire new fantasy place names. I figured I’d share. These are helpful for naming towns, regions, landforms, roads, shops, and they’re also probably useful for coming up with surnames. This is LONG. There’s plenty more under the cut including a huge list of “fantasy sounding” word-parts. Enjoy!

Towns & Kingdoms

town, borough, city, hamlet, parish, township, village, villa, domain

kingdom, empire, nation, country, county, city-state, state, province, dominion

Town Name End Words (English flavored)

-ton, -ston, -caster, -dale, -den, -field, -gate, -glen, -ham, -holm, -hurst, -bar, -boro, -by, -cross, -kirk, -meade, -moore, -ville, -wich, -bee, -burg, -cester, -don, -lea, -mer, -rose, -wall, -worth, -berg, -burgh, -chase, -ly, -lin, -mor, -mere, -pool. -port, -stead, -stow, -strath, -side, -way, -berry, -bury, -chester, -haven, -mar, -mont, -ton, -wick, -meet, -heim, -hold, -hall, -point

Buildings & Places

castle, fort, palace, fortress, garrison, lodge, estate, hold, stronghold, tower, watchtower, palace, spire, citadel, bastion, court, manor, house

altar, chapel, abbey, shrine, temple, monastery, cathedral, sanctum, crypt, catacomb, tomb

orchard, arbor, vineyard, farm, farmstead, shire, garden, ranch

plaza, district, quarter, market, courtyard, inn, stables, tavern, blacksmith, forge, mine, mill, quarry, gallows, apothecary, college, bakery, clothier, library, guild house, bath house, pleasure house, brothel, jail, prison, dungeon, cellar, basement, attic, sewer, cistern

lookout, post, tradepost, camp, outpost, hovel, hideaway, lair, nook, watch, roost, respite, retreat, hostel, holdout, redoubt, perch, refuge, haven, alcove, haunt, knell, enclave, station, caravan, exchange, conclave

port, bridge, ferry, harbor, landing, jetty, wharf, berth, footbridge, dam, beacon, lighthouse, marina, dockyard, shipyard

road, street, way, row, lane, trail, corner, crossing, gate, junction, waygate, end, wall, crossroads,  barrier, bulwark, blockade, pavilion, avenue, promenade, alley, fork, route

Time & Direction

North, South, East, West, up, down, side, rise, fall, over, under

Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn, solstice, equanox, vernal, ever, never

dusk, dawn, dawnrise, morning, night, nightfall, evening, sundown, sunbreak, sunset

lunar, solar, sun, moon, star, eclipse

Geographical Terms

Cave, cavern, cenote, precipice, crevasse, crater, maar, chasm, ravine, trench, rift, pit

Cliff, bluff, crag, scarp, outcrop, stack, tor, falls, run, eyrie, aerie

Hill, mountain, volcano, knoll, hillock, downs, barrow, plateau, mesa, butte, pike, peak, mount, summit, horn, knob, pass, ridge, terrace, gap, point, rise, rim, range, view, vista, canyon, hogback, ledge, stair, descent

Valley, gulch, gully, vale, dale, dell, glen, hollow, grotto, gorge, bottoms, basin, knoll, combe

Meadow, grassland, field, pasture, steppe, veld, sward, lea, mead, fell, moor, moorland, heath, croft, paddock, boondock, prairie, acre, strath, heights, mount, belt

Woodlands, woods, forest, bush, bower, arbor, grove, weald, timberland, thicket, bosk, copse, coppice, underbrush, hinterland, park, jungle, rainforest, wilds, frontier, outskirts

Desert, dunes, playa, arroyo, chaparral, karst, salt flats, salt pan, oasis, spring, seep, tar pit, hot springs, fissure, steam vent, geyser, waste, wasteland, badland, brushland, dustbowl, scrubland

Ocean, sea, lake, pond, spring, tarn, mere, sluice, pool, coast, gulf, bay

Lagoon, cay, key, reef, atoll, shoal, tideland, tide flat, swale, cove, sandspit, strand, beach

Snowdrift, snowbank, permafrost, floe, hoar, rime, tundra, fjord, glacier, iceberg

River, stream, creek, brook, tributary, watersmeet, headwater, ford, levee, delta, estuary, firth, strait, narrows, channel, eddy, inlet, rapids, mouth, falls

Wetland, marsh, bog, fen, moor, bayou, glade, swamp, banks, span, wash, march, shallows, mire, morass, quag, quagmire, everglade, slough, lowland, sump, reach

Island, isle, peninsula, isthmus, bight, headland, promontory, cape, pointe, cape

More under the cut including: Color words, Animal/Monster related words, Rocks/Metals/Gems list, Foliage, People groups/types, Weather/Environment/ Elemental words, Man-made Items, Body Parts, Mechanical sounding words, a huge list of both pleasant and unpleasant Atmospheric Descriptors, and a huge list of Fantasy Word-parts.

Color Descriptions

Warm: red, scarlet, crimson, rusty, cerise, carmine, cinnabar, orange, vermillion, ochre, peach, salmon, saffron, yellow, gold, lemon, amber, pink, magenta, maroon, brown, sepia, burgundy, beige, tan, fuchsia, taupe

Cool: green, beryl, jade, evergreen, chartreuse, olive, viridian, celadon, blue, azure, navy, cerulean, turquoise, teal, cyan, cobalt, periwinkle, beryl, purple, violet, indigo, mauve, plum

Neutral: gray, silver, ashy, charcoal, slate, white, pearly, alabaster, ivory, black, ebony, jet

dark, dusky, pale, bleached, blotchy, bold, dappled, lustrous, faded, drab, milky, mottled, opaque, pastel, stained, subtle, ruddy, waxen, tinted, tinged, painted

Animal / Monster-Related Words

Bear, eagle, wolf, serpent, hawk, horse, goat, sheep, bull, raven, crow, dog, stag, rat, boar, lion, hare, owl, crane, goose, swan, otter, frog, toad, moth, bee, wasp, beetle, spider, slug, snail, leech, dragonfly, fish, trout, salmon, bass, crab, shell, dolphin, whale, eel, cod, haddock

Dragon, goblin, giant, wyvern, ghast, siren, lich, hag, ogre, wyrm, kraken

Talon, scale, tusk, hoof, mane, horn, fur, feather, fang, wing, whisker, bristle, paw, tail, beak, claw, web, quill, paw, maw, pelt, haunch, gill, fin,

Hive, honey, nest, burrow, den, hole, wallow

Rocks / Metals / Minerals

Gold, silver, brass, bronze, copper, platinum, iron, steel, tin, mithril, electrum, adamantite, quicksilver, fool’s gold, titanium

Diamond, ruby, emerald, sapphire, topaz, opal, pearl, jade, jasper, onyx, citrine, aquamarine, turquoise, lapiz lazuli, amethyst, quartz, crystal, amber, jewel

Granite, shale, marble, limestone, sandstone, slate, diorite, basalt, rhyolite, obsidian, glass

Earth, stone, clay, sand, silt, salt, mote, lode, vein, ore, ingot, coal, boulder, bedrock, crust, rubble, pebble, gravel, cobble, dust, clod, peat, muck mud, slip, loam, dirt, grit, scree, shard, flint, stalactite/mite

Trees / Plants / Flowers

Tree, ash, aspen, pine, birch, alder, willow, dogwood, oak, maple, walnut,  chestnut, cedar, mahogany, palm, beech, hickory, hemlock, cottonwood, hawthorn, sycamore, poplar, cypress, mangrove, elm, fir, spruce, yew

Branch, bough, bramble, gnarl, burr, tangle, thistle, briar, thorn, moss, bark, shrub, undergrowth, overgrowth, root, vine, bracken, reed, driftwood, coral, fern, berry, bamboo, nectar, petal, leaf, seed, clover, grass, grain, trunk, twig, canopy, cactus, weed, mushroom, fungus

Apple, olive, apricot, elderberry, coconut, sugar, rice, wheat, cotton, flax, barley, hops, onion, carrot, turnip, cabbage, squash, pumpkin, pepper

Flower, rose, lavender, lilac, jasmine, jonquil, marigold, carnelian, carnation, goldenrod, sage, wisteria, dahlia, nightshade, lily, daisy, daffodil, columbine, amaranth, crocus, buttercup, foxglove, iris, holly, hydrangea, orchid, snowdrop, hyacinth, tulip, yarrow, magnolia, honeysuckle, belladonna, lily pad, magnolia

People

Settler, Pilgrim, Pioneer, Merchant, Prospector, Maker, Surveyor, Mason, Overseer, Apprentice, Widow, Sailor, Miner, Blacksmith, Butcher, Baker, Brewer, Barkeep, Ferryman, Hangman, Gambler, Fisherman, Adventurer, Hero, Seeker, Hiker, Traveler, Crone

Mage, Magician, Summoner, Sorcerer, Wizard, Conjurer, Necromancer, 

King, Queen, Lord, Count, Baron, Guard, Soldier, Knight, Vindicator, Merchant, Crusader, Imperator, Syndicate, Vanguard, Champion, Warden, Victor, Legionnaire, Master, Archer, Footman, Gladiator, Barbarian, Captain, Commodore, 

Beggar, Hunter, Ranger, Deadman, Smuggler, Robber, Swindler, Rebel, Bootlegger, Outlaw, Pirate, Brigand, Ruffian, Highwayman, Cutpurse, Thief, Assassin

God, Goddess, Exarch, Angel, Devil, Demon, Cultist, Prophet, Hermit, Seer

council, clergy, guild, militia, choir 

Climate, Environment, & The Elements

Cold, cool, brisk, frosty, chilly, icy, freezing, frozen, frigid, glacial, bitter, biting, bleak, arctic, polar, boreal, wintry, snowy, snow, blizzarding, blizzard, sleeting, sleet, chill, frost, ice, icebound, ice cap, floe, snowblind, frostbite, coldsnap, avalanche, snowflake

Hot, sunny, humid, sweltering, steaming, boiling, sizzling, blistering, scalding, smoking, caldescent, dry, parched, arid, fallow, thirsty, melting, molten, fiery, blazing, burning, charring, glowing, searing, scorching, blasted, sun, fire, heat, flame, wildfire, bonfire, inferno, coal, ash, cinder, ember, flare, pyre, tinder, kindling, aflame, alight, ablaze, lava, magma, slag,

Wet, damp, dank, soggy, sodden, soaked, drenched, dripping, sopping, briny, murky, rain, storm, hail, drizzle, sprinkle, downpour, deluge, squall, water, cloud, fog, mist, dew, puddle, pool, current, whirlpool, deep, depths, tide, waves, whitewater, waterfall, tidal wave, flow, flood, leak, drain

Wind, breeze, gust, billow, gail, draft, waft, zephyr, still, airy, clear, smokey, tempest, tempestuous, windswept, aerial, lofty, torrid, turbulent, nebulous, tradewind, thunder, lightning, spark, cyclone, tornado, whirlwind, hurricane, typhoon

Man-made Item Words

Furnace, forge, anvil, vault, strap, strip, whetstone, brick, sword, blade, axe, dagger, shield, buckler, morningstar, bow, quiver, arrow, polearm, flail, staff, stave, sheath, hilt, hammer, knife, helm, mantle, banner, pauldron, chainmail, mace, dart, cutlass, canon, needle, cowl, belt,  buckle, bandana, goggles, hood, boot, heel, spindle, spool, thread, sweater, skirt, bonnet, apron, leather, hide, plate, tunic, vest, satin, silk, wool, velvet, lace, corset, stocking, binding

Plow, scythe, (wheel) barrow, saddle, harrow, brand, collar, whip, leash, lead, bridle, stirrup, wheel, straw, stall, barn, hay, bale, pitchfork, well, log, saw, lumber, sod, thatch, mortar, brick, cement, concrete, pitch, pillar, window, fountain, door, cage, spoke, pole, table, bench, plank, board

Candle, torch, cradle, broom, lamp, lantern, clock, bell, lock, hook, trunk, looking glass, spyglass, bottle, vase, locket, locker, key, handle, rope, knot, sack, pocket, pouch, manacle, chain, stake, coffin, fan. cauldron, kettle, pot, bowl, pestle, oven, ladle, spoon, font, wand, potion, elixir, draught, portal, book, tome, scroll, word, manuscript, letter, message, grimoire, map, ink, quill, pen, cards, dice

Coin, coronet, crown, circlet, scepter, treasure, riches, scales, pie, tart, loaf, biscuit, custard, caramel, pudding, porridge, stew, bread, tea, gravy, gristle, spice, lute, lyre, harp, drum, rouge, powder, perfume, brush

bilge, stern, pier, sail, anchor, mast, dock, deck, flag, ship, boat, canoe, barge, wagon, sled, carriage, buggy, cart

Wine, brandy, whiskey, ale, moonshine, gin, cider, rum, grog, beer, brew, goblet, flagon, flask, cask, tankard, stein, mug, barrel, stock, wort, malt

Body Parts

Head, throat, finger, foot, hand, neck, shoulder, rib, jaw, eye, lips, bosom

Skull, spine, bone, tooth, heart, blood, tears, gut, beard

Mechanical-Sounding Words

cog, fuse, sprocket, wrench, screw, nail, bolt, lever, pulley, spanner, gear, spring, shaft, switch, button, cast, pipe, plug, dial, meter, nozzle, cord, brake, gauge, coil, oil, signal, wire, fluke, staple, clamp, bolt, nut, bulb, patch, pump, cable, socket

torque, force, sonic, spark, fizzle, thermal, beam, laser, steam, buzz, mega, mecha, electro, telsa, power, flicker, charge, current, flow, tinker

Atmospheric Words

Unpleasant, Dangerous, Threatening

(nouns) death, fury, battle, scar, shadow, razor, nightmare, wrath, bone, splinter, peril, war, riptide, strife, reckoning, sorrow, terror, deadwood, nether, venom, grime, rage, void, conquest, pain, folly, revenge, horrid, mirk, shear, fathom, frenzy, corpselight/marshlight, reaper, gloom, doom, torment, torture, spite, grizzled, sludge, refuse, spore, carrion, fear, pyre, funeral, shade, beast, witch, grip, legion, downfall, ruin, plague, woe, bane, horde, acid, fell, grief, corpse, mildew, mold, miter, dirge

(adjectives) dead, jagged, decrepit, fallen, darkened, blackened, dire, grim, feral, wild, broken, desolate, mad, lost, under, stagnant, blistered, derelict, forlorn, unbound, sunken, fallow, shriveled, wayward, bleak, low, weathered, fungal, last, brittle, sleepy, -strewn, dusky, deserted, empty, barren, vacant, forsaken, bare, bereft, stranded, solitary, abandoned, discarded, forgotten, deep, abysmal, bottomless, buried, fathomless,unfathomable, diseased, plagued, virulent, noxious, venomous, toxic, fetid, revolting, putrid, rancid, foul, squalid, sullied, vile, blighted, vicious, ferocious, dangerous, savage, cavernous, vast, yawning, chasmal, echoing, dim, dingy, gloomy, inky, lurid, shaded, shadowy, somber, sunless, tenebrous, unlit, veiled, hellish, accursed, sulfurous, damned, infernal, condemned, doomed, wicked, sinister, dread, unending, spectral, ghostly, haunted, eldritch, unknown, weary, silent, hungry, cloven, acidic

(verb/adverbs): wither (withering / withered), skulk (skulking), whisper, skitter, chitter, sting, slither, writhe, gape, screech, scream, howl, lurk, roil, twist, shift, swarm, spawn, fester, bleed, howl, shudder, shrivel, devour, swirl, maul, trip, smother, weep, shatter, ruin, curse, ravage, hush, rot, drown, sunder, blister, warp, fracture, die, shroud, fall, surge, shiver, roar, thunder, smolder, break, silt, slide, lash, mourn, crush, wail, decay, crumble, erode, decline, reek, lament, taint, corrupt, defile, poison, infect, shun, sigh, sever, crawl, starve, grind, cut, wound, bruise, maim, stab, bludgeon, rust, mutilate, tremble, stumble, fumble, clank, clang

Pleasant, Safe, Neutral

(nouns) spirit, luck, soul, oracle, song, sky, smile, rune, obelisk, cloud, timber, valor, triumph, rest, dream, thrall, might, valiance, glory, mirror, life, hope, oath, serenity, sojourn, god, hearth, crown, throne, crest, guard, rise, ascent, circle, ring, twin, vigil, breath, new, whistle, grasp, snap, fringe, threshold, arch, cleft, bend, home, fruit, wilds, echo, moonlight, sunlight, starlight, splendor, vigilance, honor, memory, fortune, aurora, paradise, caress

(adjectives) gentle, pleasant, prosperous, peaceful, sweet, good, great, mild, grand, topic, lush, wild, abundant, verdant, sylvan, vital, florid, bosky, callow, verdurous, lucious, fertile, spellbound, captivating, mystical, hidden, arcane, clandestine, esoteric, covert, cryptic, runic, otherworldly, touched, still, fair, deep, quiet, bright, sheer, tranquil, ancient, light, far, -wrought, tidal, royal, shaded, swift, true, free, high, vibrant, pure, argent, hibernal, ascendant, halcyon, silken, bountiful, gilded, colossal, massive, stout, elder, -bourne, furrowed, happy, merry, -bound, loud, lit, silk, quiet, bright, luminous, shining, burnished, glossy, brilliant, lambent, lucent, lustrous, radiant, resplendent, vivid, vibrant, illuminated, silvery, limpid, sunlit, divine, sacred, holy, eternal, celestial, spiritual, almighty, anointed, consecrated, exalted, hallowed, sanctified, ambrosial, beatific, blissful, demure, naked, bare, ample, coy,  deific, godly, omnipotent, omnipresent, rapturous, sacramental, sacrosanct, blessed, majestic, iridescent, glowing, overgrown, dense, hard, timeless, sly, scatter, everlasting, full, half, first, last

(verb/adverbs) arch (arching / arched), wink (winking), sing, nestle, graze, stroll, roll, flourish, bloom, bud, burgeon, live, dawn, hide, dawn, run, pray, wake, laugh, wake, glimmer, glitter, drift, sleep, tumble, bind, arch, blush, grin, glister, beam, meander, wind, widen, charm, bewitch, enthrall, entrance, enchant, allure, beguile, glitter, shimmer, sparkle twinkle, crest, quiver, slumber, herald, shelter, leap, click, climb, scuttle, dig, barter, chant, hum, chime, kiss, flirt, tempt, tease, play, seduce

Generic “Fantasy-Sounding” Word Parts

A - D

aaz, ada, adaer, adal, adar, adbar, adir, ae, ael, aer, aern, aeron, aeryeon, agar, agis, aglar, agron, ahar, akan, akyl, al, alam, alan, alaor, ald, alea, ali, alir, allyn, alm, alon, alor, altar, altum, aluar, alys, amar, amaz, ame, ammen, amir, amol, amn, amus, anar, andor, ang, ankh, ar, ara, aram, arc, arg, arian, arkh, arla, arlith, arn, arond, arthus, arum, arvien, ary, asha, ashyr, ask, assur, aster, astra, ath, athor, athra, athryn, atol, au, auga, aum, auroch, aven, az, azar, baal, bae, bael, bak, bal, balor, ban, bar, bara, barr, batol, batar, basir, basha, batyr, bel, belph, belu, ben, beo, bere, berren, berun, besil, bezan, bhaer, bhal, blask, blis, blod, bor, boraz, bos, bran, brath, braun, breon, bri, bry, bul, bur, byl, caer, cal, calan, cara, cassa, cath, cela, cen, cenar, cerul, chalar, cham, chion, cimar, clo, coram, corel, corman, crim, crom, daar, dach, dae, dago, dagol, dahar, dala, dalar, dalin, dam, danas, daneth, dannar, dar, darian,  darath, darm, darma, darro, das, dasa, dasha, dath, del, delia, delimm, dellyn, delmar, delo, den, dess, dever, dhaer, dhas, dhaz, dhed, dhin, din, dine, diar, dien, div, djer, dlyn, dol, dolan, doon, dora, doril, doun, dral, dranor, drasil, dren, drian, drien, drin, drov, druar, drud, duald, duatha, duir, dul, dulth, dun, durth, dyra, dyver,

E - H

ea, eber, eden, edluk, egan, eiel, eilean, ejen, elath, eld, eldor, eldra, elith emar, ellesar, eltar, eltaran, elth, eltur, elyth, emen, empra, emril, emvor, ena, endra, enthor, erad, erai, ere, eriel, erith, erl, eron, erre, eryn, esk, esmel, espar, estria, eta, ethel, eval, ezro, ezan, ezune, ezil, fael, faelar, faern, falk, falak, farak, faril, farla, fel, fen, fenris, fer, fet, fin, finar, forel, folgun, ful, fulk, fur, fyra, fallon, gael, gach, gabir, gadath, gal, galar, gana, gar, garth, garon, garok, garne, gath, geir, gelden, geren,  geron, ghal, ghallar, ghast, ghel, ghom, ghon, gith, glae, glander, glar, glym, gol, goll, gollo, goloth, gorot, gost, goth, graeve, gran, grimm, grist, grom, grosh, grun, grym, gual, guil, guir, gulth, gulur, gur, gurnth, gwaer, haa, hael, haer, hadar, hadel, hakla, hala, hald, halana, halid, hallar, halon, halrua, halus, halvan, hamar, hanar, hanyl, haor, hara, haren, haresk, harmun, harrokh, harrow, haspur, haza, hazuth, heber,  hela, helve, hem, hen, herath, hesper, heth, hethar, hind, hisari, hjaa, hlath, hlond, hluth, hoarth, holtar, horo, hotun, hrag, hrakh, hroth, hull, hyak, hyrza

I - M

iibra, ilth, ilus, ilira, iman, imar, imas, imb, imir, immer, immil, imne, impil, ingdal, innar, ir, iriae, iril, irith, irk, irul, isha, istis, isil, itala, ith, ithal, itka, jada, jae, jaeda, jahaka, jala, jarra, jaro, jath, jenda, jhaamm, jhothm, jinn, jinth, jyn, kado, kah, kal, kalif, kam, kana, kara, karg, kars, karth, kasp, katla, kaul, kazar, kazr, kela, kelem, kerym, keth, keva, kez, kezan, khaer, khal, khama, khaz, khara, khed, khel, khol, khur, kil, kor, korvan, koll, kos, kir, kra, kul, kulda, kund, kyne, lae, laen, lag, lan, lann, lanar, lantar, lapal, lar, laran, lareth, lark, lath, lauth, lav, lavur, lazar, leih, leshyr, leth, lhaza, lhuven, liad, liam, liard, lim, lin, lirn, lisk, listra, lith, liya, llair, llor, lok, lolth, loran, lorkh, lorn, loth, lothen, luen, luir, luk, lund, lur, luth, lyndus, lyra, lyth, maal, madrasm maera, maer, maerim, maes, mag, magra, mahand, mal, malar, mald, maldo, mar, mara, mark, marl, maru, maruk, meir, melish, memnon, mer, metar, methi, mhil, mina, mir, miram, mirk, mista, mith, moander, mok, modir, modan, mon, monn, mor, more, morel, moril, morn, moro, morrow, morth, mort, morum, morven, muar, mul, mydra, myr, myra, myst

N - S

naar, nadyra, naedyr, naga, najar, nal, naal, nalir, nar, naruk, narbond, narlith, narzul, nasaq, nashkel, natar, nath, natha, neir, neth, nether, nhall, nikh, nil, nilith, noan, nolvurm nonthal, norda, noro, novul, nul, nur, nus, nyan, nyth, ober, odra, oghr, okoth, olleth, olodel, omgar, ondath, onthril, ordul, orish, oroch, orgra, orlim, ormath, ornar, orntath, oroch, orth, orva, oryn, orzo, ostel, ostor, ostrav, othea, ovar, ozod, ozul, palan, palad, pae, peldan, pern, perris, perim, pele, pen, phail, phanda, phara, phen, phendra, pila, pinn, pora, puril, pur, pyra, qadim, quar, quel, ques, quil, raah, rael, ran, ranna, rassil, rak, rald, rassa, reddan, reith, relur, ren, rendril, resil, reska, reth, reven, revar, rhy, rhynn, ria, rian, rin, ris, rissian, rona, roch, rorn, rora, rotha, rual, ruar, ruhal, ruil, ruk, runn, rusk, ryn, saa, saar, saal, sabal, samar, samrin, sankh, sar, sarg, sarguth, sarin, sarlan, sel, seld, sember, semkh, sen, sendrin, septa, senta, seros, shaar, shad, shadra, shae, shaen, shaera, shak, shalan, sham, shamath, shan, shana, sharan, shayl, shemar, shere, shor, shul, shyll, shyr, sidur, sil, silvan, sim, sintar, sirem, skar, skell, skur, skyr, sokol, solan, sola, somra, sor, ssin, stel, strill, suldan, sulk, sunda, sur, surkh, suth, syl, sylph, sylune, syndra, syth

T - Z

taak, taar, taer, tah, tak, tala, talag, talar, talas, talath, tammar, tanar, tanil, tar, tara, taran, tarl, tarn, tasha, tath, tavil, telar, teld, telf, telos, tempe, tethy, tezir, thaar, thaer, thal, thalag, thalas, thalan, thalar, thamor, thander, thangol, thar, thay, thazal, theer, theim, thelon, thera, thendi, theril, thiir, thil, thild, thimir, thommar, thon, thoon, thor, thran, thrann, threl, thril, thrul, thryn, thuk, thultan, thume, thun, thy, thyn, thyr, tir, tiras, tirum, tohre, tol, tolar, tolir,  tolzrin, tor, tormel, tormir, traal, triel, trith, tsath, tsur, tul, tur, turiver, turth, tymor, tyr, uder, udar, ugoth, uhr, ukh, ukir, uker, usten, ulgarth, ulgoth, ultir, ulur, umar, umath, umber, unara, undro, undu, untha, upir, ur, ursa, ursol, uron, uth, uthen, uz, van, vaar, vaelan, vaer, vaern, val valan, valash, vali, valt, vandan, vanede, vanrak, var, varyth, vassa, vastar, vaunt, vay, vel, velar, velen, velius, vell, velta, ven, veren, vern, vesper, vilar, vilhon, vintor, vir, vira, virdin, volo, volun, von, voon, vor, voro, vos, vosir, vosal, vund, war, wara, whel, wol, wynn, wyr, wyrm, xer, xul, xen, xian, yad, yag, yal, yar, yath, yeon, yhal, yir, yirar, yuir, yul, yur, zail, zala, zalhar, zan, zanda, zar, zalar, zarach, zaru, zash, zashu, zemur, zhent, zim, ziram, zindala, zindar, zoun, zul, zurr, zuth, zuu, zym

A lot of places are named after historical events, battles, and people, so keep that in mind. God/Goddess names tied to your world also work well. Places are also often named after things that the area is known for, like Georgia being known for its peaches.

My brain was fried by the end of this so feel free to add more!

I hope you find this reference helpful and good luck world-building!

-Mel

[sciencespies]

Reintroduction of wolves tied to return of tall willows in Yellowstone National Park

https://sciencespies.com/nature/reintroduction-of-wolves-tied-to-return-of-tall-willows-in-yellowstone-national-park/

Reintroduction of wolves tied to return of tall willows in Yellowstone National Park

The reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park is tied to the recovery of tall willows in the park, according to a new Oregon State University-led study.

Wolves were reintroduced to the park in 1995. The new study shows their predation on elk is a major reason for an increase in the height of willows in northern Yellowstone, said Luke Painter, a wildlife ecologist at Oregon State University and lead author on the study.

There’s been a debate among scientists over the degree to which willows may have recovered from decades of suppression by elk following the restoration of wolves and subsequent reductions in elk numbers, Painter said.

“Our results demonstrate that the reduction of elk browsing over the last two decades in northern Yellowstone has allowed willows to grow taller in many places, despite a warming and drying climate,” Painter said, adding that willows aren’t recovering in some areas due to continued browsing by increased numbers of bison.

Following wolf restoration in the 1990s, elk numbers decreased, and some researchers reported willows growing taller with reductions in elk browsing, evidence of a shift toward willow recovery.

The new study compared data from three time periods: 1988-1993, when elk densities were high and most willows very short; 2001-04, when willows may have begun to recover; and 2016-18.

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The researchers confirmed that willows have indeed increased in height and cover in response to a reduction in browsing by elk.

The study is published in the journal Ecosphere.

Elk numbers in northern Yellowstone have declined from a high of nearly 20,000 in 1995 — the year wolves were restored to the park — to 4,149 counted over two days in March 2019 by biologists with Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Geological Survey.

Painter and co-author Michael Tercek of Walking Shadow Ecology in Montana found a strong contrast between sites along streams compared to wet meadows. Willows in meadow sites did not increase in height, but willows in stream sites increased significantly, exceeding 200 centimeters, or 6 feet — a height accessible to elk — in the summers of 2001-04 and in the spring of 2016.

They also found a significant change in willow thickets at least 200 centimeters in height along streams, with thickets occupying about 80% of willow patches in some sites, but as little as 22% in others. Tall willow thickets are an important habitat feature and an indicator of willow recovery, Painter said.

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Thus, passive restoration through the return of predators has begun to reverse the loss of willows, something active culling of elk in the past was unable to accomplish, he said.

“Wolves didn’t do it all by themselves,” Painter said. “Other predators and hunters also affected elk, but this would not have happened without the wolves.

“This does not mean a wider expanse of willow habitat has been restored as existed in the early days of the park when beavers created large wetland expanses. This may eventually happen as beavers return but could take a long time to develop.”

This is the latest OSU study led by Painter that examines the effects of wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone on trees. In 2018, he published a study that showed that aspen is recovering in areas around the park, as well as inside the park boundary.

Painter teaches ecology and conservation in the OSU College of Agricultural Sciences and College of Forestry.

Story Source:

Materials provided by Oregon State University. Original written by Chris Branam. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

#Nature

[safereturndoubtful]

Day 68 - to Malvik

There may seem limited appeal to a hike into the National Park here without paths and through wetland, but the place is virtually untouched. I was on the edge of the Park, so there are hunters here very occasionally, though I didn’t see any signs of any. Parked up as I was, I saw no one for the 30 odd hours I was there. It’s a great feeling, and something we can not get in our National Parks back home.

Just as I was about to leave though, I heard a vehicle. Surely not. The guy pulled over and said hello. He was an Icelander, married to a Norwegian and lived locally, working as a nurse. He had a day off and practised some basic ornithology. Like me he wanted some wilderness. He asked me what birds I had seen while I was out, and I was embarrassed to say very few. Though having the dog doesn’t help in that regard. I put the kettle on. It was warm enough to sit outside, and we chatted for a while. It is happened he was 3 days older than me.

I had been in these central Norwegian National Parks for longer than I expected. I have a vague schedule, and to adhere to that I needed to do a couple of hours driving later in the afternoon. The van needs it as well. The sun is so low in the sky now, even on a clear day like today I don’t get much benefit from solar. With the engine on for an hour enough power, about 300 watts, is generated for a day of use. On a clear day in July the solar can generate 700 watts. Today 300 watts, but in recent days less than 100. I was down to about 60%, and that is about as low as I can go. Maybe in the future I’ll upgrade to Lithium batteries which can be run down much lower. I drove for almost three hours, so I up to about 75%. Especially important as it Friday rugby night, and cricket from Lahore..

[ryanmullinshoboken]

The States That Will Have the Best Fishing and Hunting Opportunities in 2022

In Ryan Mullins Hoboken’s opinion, the best states for hunting and fishing in 2022 will be determined by a variety of variables, including the proportion of the population who hunts and the availability of public land. Hunting customs and rules are also considered. To hunt lawfully in the United States, you must first get a hunting license. The minimum age to acquire a license varies by state, and you must complete a hunter safety education course before receiving a license.

The Ocean State boasts several fishing places, including the famed Ninigret Pond near Charlestown, the state's biggest coastal salt pond. Other famous fishing locations in Hawaii include the Kailua Kona Fishing Pier and Keahou Harbor. In addition to being a subtropical state, Florida is one of the top selling states for powerboats, although it ranks well below the other states in terms of Cost and Supplies. In Florida, fishing permits are more costly, and fishing equipment stores are few.

The Black Hills area is home to a diverse range of species, including moose, deer, and bear. Large lakes and cold-water streams teem with trout, largemouth bass, pike, and panfish. Whitetail deer, Merriam's turkey, and prairie dogs wander the hills all year. In addition to these species, hunters may also discover antelope, the majority of which are captured using archery.

South Carolina is a lovely state with a wonderful climate. The state provides a less dry transition between Kansas and Illinois, making it an ideal vacation destination. Another popular site in the area is the lake. Missourians enjoy the state's rivers and woodlands as playgrounds. Johnson Shut-Ins State Park offers rocky outcroppings and leisurely river floats.

Ryan Mullins Hoboken pointed out that when it comes to upland bird hunting, South Dakota reigns supreme, but Idaho is not to be overlooked. In this state, you may bag up to six different species in a single day. Idaho has almost a million deer. For big-game hunters, the state is home to some monster whitetail bucks. Waterfowl hunters should take advantage of the chance to hunt ducks along the Illinois River. Wildlife abounds, from ruffed grouse to wolves.

The Sierra Nevada Mountains encircle central California's fishing hotspot. Smallmouth and walleyes love the New River and its tributaries. The Mississippi Delta may compete with adjacent Arkansas as a wintering habitat for waterfowl. The Delta National Forest has a number of state wildlife management areas and national wildlife refuges. It also has some of the country's biggest game birds. Those that like big game can try visiting Cody in New York.

Iowa has a thriving deer population. Its nearly 300,000 acres of public property make it a great location for hunting giant bucks. Non-resident hunters, on the other hand, must join a lottery and acquire preference points to be able to buy a buck tag. If you have the patience and determination to wait, you will be rewarded with a trophy buck. The only catch? It's a huge one if you don't have a license.

Louisiana is home to some of the best waterfowl hunting in the country. The marshes in south Louisiana are renowned as "America's Wetland." The Chenier Plain supports up to nine million ducks. The Sabine and Lacassine national wildlife refuges in the state's south are accessible via shallow-running duck boats. The state is home to some of the nation's greatest migrating bird populations.

According to Ryan Mullins Hoboken, Kansas has an abundance of public land and game animals. The state boasts about 55,000 acres of public property, and three counties frequently score high on B&C buck rankings. Its famed lakes Marion and Moultrie are also just a short drive away. The Francis Marion National Forest, which has over a quarter million acres of public property, is another fantastic spot to go hunting. This well-known hunting site is just a short drive from Bend.

[grandefiveadventures]

Why Choose The Best Masai Mara Safari Packages?

Broadening upper east from a common line with Tanzania's Serengeti National Park, the 1,510 km2 Masai Mara honeymoon package is the most celebrated and mainstream safari objective in Kenya, if not anyplace in Africa. The allure of the Mara and nearby private/local area conservancies isn't hard to clarify. Its mosaic of moving slopes, open meadow and acacia forest backings a very extraordinary bounty and assortment of untamed life. Huge hunters like lion, panther, cheetah and Spotted hyena are effectively seen nearby other people lasting through the year, and the hold really blooms among August and October, when the amazing wildebeest movement - maybe the world's most stunning untamed life display - crosses into Kenya from Tanzania.

A magnificent prologue to the save's differed field, forest and wetland environments is given by the day break swell safaris offered by practically all the hotels. Over August and October, expand excursions can likewise give an amazing vulture's-eye see over the relocating wildebeest groups. If you are looking for the best Masai Mara safari packages, visit our official website to know more!

The Big Five are for the most part present and seen without any difficulty. Elephants are exceptionally normal, as are wild oxen, the last being the supported prey of the save's abnormally enormous lion prides, which regularly number at least 15 grown-ups. Panthers are more tricky, however very simple to find on the off chance that you realize where to look, and keeping in mind that quantities of dark rhino dropped alarmingly in the late twentieth century, up to three dozen people actually endure. The rhino populace here is the just one in Kenya that can be viewed as completely native, with a genetic stock (at this point) undiluted by moved people of southern African or blended cause.

Indeed, even outside of the relocation season, ungulates are very much addressed, as well. There could be no greater spot for close-up perspectives on the eland, the world's biggest gazelle, which is by all accounts less touchy here than in a large portion of its reach. Additionally liable to be seen are giraffe, impala, gazelle, topi, Coke's hartebeest, reedbuck, Defassa waterbuck, hippo and warthog.

[ultraheydudemestuff]

Metzger Marsh Wildlife Area

12600 Bono Road

Curtice, OH 43412

The 558-acre Metzger Marsh Wildlife Area adjoins 182 acres of Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge creating a 740-acre wetland adjacent to Lake Erie. Metzger Marsh Wildlife Area is located 20 miles east of Toledo just off State Route 2. Water levels are controlled to provide diversity for wetland plants and wildlife including fish. Of Metzger Marsh’s 900+ acres, 558 are the Ohio Division of Wildlife’s property; the rest belong to Ottawa NWR, and are closed to public access. The Ohio Department of Wildlife has built a paved access road, a marina, and a fishing pier, in addition to the dike. The long dike has a small opening intended to allow water levels in the impoundment to fluctuate with those of Lake Erie. The vegetation inside the impoundment has been in flux: cattails, Phragmites, open water, or seedling trees have been dominant features at various times since the diking. The mudflats and shallows that once attracted shorebirds, larid roosts, etc., seem to be a thing of the past.

Metzger Marsh is a remnant of the 300,000-acre marsh which once bordered most of western Lake Erie from Vermilion, Ohio to Gibraltar, Michigan. Early settlers to the area constructed a retaining dike and several internal drainage canals that led to a steam driven water-lift elevator to create Metzger Farms. A highly productive vegetable farm continued through the early 1920s until high water in 1929 decimated the dike. The dike was not rebuilt, and continued flooding allowed the area to quickly revert to marsh. Around this time, many remaining marshes became duck hunting clubs for city-dwellers from Detroit and Cleveland. Metzger Marsh Duck Club operated throughout the 30s and 40s as a profitable club until waters continued to rise eroding the barrier beach. By 1952, the wetland vegetation disappeared, and Metzger Marsh resembled an open-water cove of Lake Erie. The hunting declined and the property was purchased by the Division of Wildlife in 1955. The outer dike was restored in 1995 to control water levels allowing the area to revert to marsh once again. This project was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ducks Unlimited, local conservation groups, and the Division of Wildlife. Today, Metzger Marsh Wildlife Area is managed cooperatively with the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service as a high-quality wetland that attracts thousands of migrating waterfowl, songbirds, and shorebirds annually.

Fishing, waterfowl hunting, kayaking, wildlife viewing, and trapping are popular activities at Metzger Marsh. A boat ramp and channel provide access to Lake Erie for recreational boaters and anglers. At the end of the access road is a fishing pier extending into Lake Erie that provides shore fisherman an opportunity to catch yellow perch, channel catfish, freshwater drum, and white bass. Many anglers also walk down the lakefront dike to catch largemouth bass and northern pike around the water control structure. Primitive boat ramps along the entrance road provide access to the marsh for anglers or kayakers in the summer and waterfowl hunters in the fall. The parking lot is a prime location for ice fisherman to access Lake Erie. A small woodlot adjacent to the parking lot is visited by birders in April and May to view migrating warblers and other songbirds.

In recent years, impenetrable tall growths of Phragmites reed have prevented viewing of the impoundment from the west, but views of the open water areas from several parking areas along the road past the marina sometimes reveals ducks in migration, overhead gulls and terns, swallows, bald eagles, herons and egrets, etc. A few shorebirds tolerant of deeper water – e.g., yellowlegs, spotted sandpipers, egrets and herons – may be seen. Ducks in season are more numerous in deeper water close to the dike, and are most easily approached by parking in the last lot by the fishing pier and walking east atop the dike. Other ducks and fly-by birds can be seen on the lakeward side of the same walk.

[rebgarof]

“Indigenous food sovereignty was decimated by design: the separation of people from their historic food systems and land is not a side effect of colonialism but a function of it. Canada’s formation is a history of legislating First Nations, Inuit, and Métis out of existence, including by erasing Indigenous food cultures: the Gradual Civilization Act, the banning of potlatch ceremonies, the signing of treaties that exchanged life-sustaining hunting grounds for farmland, livestock, and pitiful amounts of cash. All of it was designed with the purpose of elimination through assimilation.

(...)

While Indigenous food systems were being dismantled, elsewhere in the world food itself began to change. From the early eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century, industrial production, preservation science, manufacturing, marketing, and the hospitality industries transformed the way people ate. This is the period that gave us the refrigerator and the gas stove, food-safety regulations, canning, and frozen dinners. At this same transformative moment in history, Canada’s government engaged in a concentrated effort to eradicate Indigenous peoples and their cultures, including by squelching language, self-government, land use, and hunting rights. Indigenous food practices were excluded as most of the world’s food practices modernized and commercialized (not always for the better), and most Indigenous people were forced to rely on processed and expensive provisions.

Indigenous food sovereignty was decimated by design. It was not a side effect of colonialism but a function of it.

Over a century later, food insecurity—inadequate access to affordable, safe, nutritious food, resulting in negative physical-, mental-, and social-health outcomes—is far more common among Indigenous people throughout Canada than in the population of the country overall. Forced to transition over generations to a Western diet, which many Indigenous communities cannot necessarily access or afford, First Nations people, Inuit, and Métis people suffer higher rates of diabetes and cardiovascular-health issues as a result. The social and spiritual losses are far more difficult to measure.

(..)

“Nutrition North was doomed to fail from the beginning because it’s a non-Indigenous solution to a very complex issue,” says Joseph LeBlanc, who is Odawa from Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron and the former executive director of the Social Planning Council of Sudbury. “Nutrition North was explicitly a market-based approach. What they did, however, was further entrench an exploitative market relationship that corporations have in Northern communities. It reinforced the existing food system as if it were the only food system.”

LeBlanc says non-Indigenous Canadians are looking at the problem of food insecurity through the wrong lens. “How do we make food cheaper at the store? Where do you get food in an urban context?” he asks, rhetorically. “That’s very much a Western economic approach.” Even the presumption that there is a standard diet for all Canadians is fundamentally colonialist, says Teri Morrow, a dietitian at Six Nations of the Grand River in southwestern Ontario. “Canadians ate the way we ate when they got here,” says Morrow. “Hunters up north don’t need lettuce. There’s roots and tubers, there’s lichen—a ton of things.”

(...)

In many parts of Canada, Indigenous people’s ability to hunt, fish, forage, and farm is compromised by the degradation of land and water through industrial-scale resource extraction. In other places—often described as “protected”—such as national parks, these activities are frequently prohibited by law. The formation of Canada’s parks, seen by many non-Indigenous people as wildlife refuges where nature is safe from human threat, has long disrupted Indigenous food sovereignty. Canada’s first national park, Banff, “was predicated on the displacement of diverse Indigenous communities,” says Courtney Mason, author of Spirits of the Rockies: Reasserting an Indigenous Presence in Banff National Park. “This was facilitated by park management and supported by the police, missionaries, and tourism entrepreneurs. In part, they were attempting to curb Indigenous subsistence practices of hunting, fishing and gathering, in order to protect emerging sport hunting and fishing tourism economies operating inside the park.” Further development of Canadian parks was largely modelled after Banff, incurring similar displacement and cultural damage. It remains illegal for Indigenous people to hunt in about half of the country’s national parks.

Even where it is possible to hunt, with a few exceptions, wild meat cannot be sold in restaurants, butcher shops, or grocery stores in Canada. This means hunters cannot earn a living from their efforts, and many Indigenous foods cannot be shared in retail or commercial settings beyond reserves or special, limited-licence events. Many coastal communities face a similar challenge as, even while living off of seal meat, the European Union’s ban on seal imports has made it impossible for families to earn revenue from the sale of skins.

(...)

One of the problems, says LeBlanc, is that Canada knows many people depend on the land for their food, yet governments manage our natural resources as if they didn’t exist: “The [Ministry of Natural Resources] doesn’t have the capacity to manage the forest properly, and I don’t believe the Crown has the will to make that happen. Because the interest is in getting money from stumpage.” Genuine transformation, LeBlanc believes, will only come from challenging the seemingly unassailable prioritization of resource extraction. “There’s an opportunity to manage food sources. This would mean a shift in the paradigm from extraction of timber and minerals to the inclusion of food sources.”

(...)

LeBlanc says there is a legal basis for implementing more food-oriented policies. This means, for instance, reforming training for forest-management authorities to include Indigenous world views and rights. In forested areas like the Fraser River canyon there is an alternative, which he and many others advocate for: community-based forestry, in which land is managed by and for the people who live on it. “Community forestry is a movement that started in Nepal in the seventies,” says Susan Mulkey, communications manager for the BC Community Forest Association, “where the government recognized that degraded land, the best stewards of that, the best people to bring it back to productivity, are the communities themselves.” The idea, LeBlanc says, isn’t to reject industry outright but to take an approach that incorporates economic and employment interests without excluding the use of land as a food source.

In the late 1990s, BC began a pilot project for community-based forest management; it now includes over sixty community forests that produce just under 3 percent of the provincial timber harvest. In 2011, following decades of protracted conflict with the government and logging companies, the Xaxli’p reached an interim compromise: the Xaxli’p Community Forest Corporation they had established a few years earlier was given a twenty-five-year tenure over the trees in most, but not all, of their territory. (Prior to that agreement, the province had given a number of companies the right to harvest timber on Xaxli’p land.) Restoring the land and creating a sustainable economy are goals that are built into XCFC‘s corporate mission. The plan is to eventually harvest timber in sustainable quantities and using sustainable methods.

“Our long-term goal is that our community forest will be self-sufficient,” says Nora Billy, a member of the XCFC board of directors. The XCFC plans to balance the conservation mandate with value-added timber harvesting, manufacturing products for sale in addition to selling raw logs. The first step has been ecocultural restoration. This includes promoting moose habitat by removing planted pine trees (to encourage the growth of willow and other wetland shrubs), leaving old fallen trees intact for animal habitat, purifying water, and thinning forest areas that have grown too dense due to post-logging replanting and government fire-suppression techniques. Moose and deer have begun returning to the area.

(...)

LeBlanc says that, over the years, he’s been told by many non-Indigenous people that it is simply too late to save what has been lost. For him, this is both untrue and a device used to perpetuate damage to the land and Indigenous peoples. “It’s a tidy, nice bow to put on top of 100 years of colonialism to say, ‘Our job’s pretty well done—all you need to do is let go of your romantic ideals and we can get on with civilizing you.'

But LeBlanc, Wolfrey, Shawana, members of the Xaxli’p Community Forest Corporation, Morrow, Bell, and many others are not letting go. “The fundamental element of resurgence, resistance, whatever you want to call it, that’s happening in Indigenous youth in particular, is challenging that directly,” says LeBlanc. “I know individuals who do live a traditional lifestyle, in remote communities. They’re not waving a flag around or flying down to Toronto for meetings or answering phone calls from reporters or academics. They’re busy completely entrenched in a traditional lifestyle. And they’re some of the happiest, most food-secure people out there.”

On a policy level, says LeBlanc, decisions about the use of land still exclude Indigenous world views. “There’s a transition that needs to happen in Canada at some point. Ultimately, all of our legislators and decision makers are products of our school system. And they’ve all been conditioned to think of us in a particular light . . . . We haven’t even gotten to the point where we can have a truthful conversation about land.””