#hot rolled structural steel

[ecafez-tatasteel]

Tata Astrum Super offers premium Hot Rolled Steel for fabrication projects across a range of industries. To purchase hot rolled coils and sheets from Tata Astrum Super, Visit https://ecafez.tatasteel.co.in/brand/tata-astrum-super

[tatadigeca]

Hot Rolled Steel for Solar Panels | Durable Solutions | Tata Steel

Explore DigECA by Tata Steel, premium hot-rolled steel crafted for durable, efficient solar panel structures. Perfect for reliable energy solutions!

[jjj-no-studio]

鐵皮印象/iron sheet

鐵皮, 一體兩面的呈現出臺灣社會的多元價值觀, 外國旅客眼中的新鮮特色,卻是國人眼中的景觀殺手, 鄉村的鐵皮屋、城鎮的頂樓加蓋、騎樓的鐵捲門、外推陽台的搭建,「鐵皮」都是你我熟悉的主角, 導水的用途, 影響了造型；快速的滿足需求, 導致大量的擴張, 滲透日常, 儼然已成為文化的一部分. 

Iron sheet, it shows multiple perspectives of Taiwanese society, a new feature to foreign travelers, but an unpleasant mark to local citizens. From metal houses in counties, rooftop add-on in cities, rolling steel doors on pedestrian arcades, to balcony constructions, “iron sheets” are familiar to us. Its drainage function made its appearances; meeting the demands this fast leads to huge expansion into our daily, being a part of culture.

盛行因素/Popular Reason

氣候條件/Climate conditions 臺灣地處熱帶及亞熱帶氣候區之交��，夏季炎熱漫長多雨； 海島地形，四面環海導致冷空氣受到海洋調和， 冬季相較鄰近區域溫暖， 鐵皮特性反映臺灣氣候條件。 Taiwan is on the common border of tropical and subtropical region, with the long, hot, and rainy summer; cold air is balanced by the surrounding sea, by comparison, winter is warmer then neighboring countries. The characteristic of iron sheets is the reflection of Taiwan’s climatic condition. 結構疏水/Drainability 傳統多採木構與磚石建築，直至民國六、七十年代， 鋼筋混泥土技術盛行，平屋頂的特性無法有效排水。 Traditionally, woods and bricks are often being used on constructing, not until 60’s and 70’s did the skills of reinforced concrete become very common, but flat roofs are not able to drain the water effectively. 工法容易/Simple techniques 鐵皮局部修補容易；建築時間快速、組裝、生產便利， 儼然成為現代草根性的庶民建築風貌。 Iron sheets are easily to fix, quick constructing time, easy to build and produce, becamethe modern common construction style. 時代流行/Popular by times 二戰後施工技術不佳及傳統建築所需工匠難尋， 以致簡便的鐵皮屋暢行崛起， 民間順應以頂樓加蓋的形式增設空間。 After World War II, by the poor techniques and the difficulties of finding traditional architects, simple metal houses had risen suddenly, people used the form of “rooftop add-on” to expand their space.

設計元素/Design Elements

在設計上取用鐵皮屋的三個元素為特點─鋼骨結構、鐵皮浪板和鐵皮釘. 鋼骨結構簡化為方管用於大型家具；而花瓶則以圓管表現小件作品的細緻.

The 3 elements which based on metal sheet houses are steel structure, corrugated sheets and iron nails. Steel structure will be simplify as square tubes use in large-scale furniture; vases will be perform as circular pipes to show the refinement of small-scale works.

浪板形狀的選擇/Shape selection of Corrugated Sheets

採用鐵皮文化中，最貼近大眾的圓浪板。相對於需要工程製作的烤漆浪板，俗稱「鉛板」的小圓浪板作為主要發展形式，在坊間建材行或五金行即可輕鬆購得，被普遍應用在修補壁面、屋頂局部缺漏或者搭建簡易農舍與房屋。適用於不同用途，衍伸出繁多的種類，包含屋頂壁面角浪板、屋簷遮雨的採光板。

Use the most common “circular corrugated sheet” in the culture of metal sheets. With respect to the painted corrugated sheet that needed engineering production, using the so called “lead plate” which is the circular corrugated sheet as the main develop, it can be bought in any building materials store or hardware store, it is commonly be used in repairing the walls, parts of the roofs or building simple houses or barns. It can be used in different ways and derive to varieties of things, including the polycarbonate sheet used on the roof and lighting panels.

機能隨形生/Form Follows Function 浪板用於建築通常是作為結構與疏水的功能，而我們則思考同樣的造型，當他縮小不再是建材時，會變成什麼。我們發現鐵皮的凹槽平放時可用於置物，以此為基礎，加上大的弧度則發展成盤子；而彎成U字型時，底部的造型則可以積水，便發展成花器。

Corrugated sheets are mostly used as structural and draining of buildings. We are thinking what will happen if the same mold using are minified not as a material anymore. We found out that the notch of the metal sheet can be used for putting things, based on this, if we enlarge it can become a plate; when bending it into “U” shape, the mold beneath it can stand water then became a vase.

層次/Multi-level

鐵皮在搭建時因為材料的關係，會出現一片疊一片的景象。在屏風上我們用兩種間距的浪板，並讓前後分隔一點距離，做出交疊的感覺。前面的浪板也呈現出建材長度需求的特性，分成兩片疊起來。 Because of the materials, when the corrugated sheets were built, the sheets will overlap with each other. On the screen we use two different spaces of corrugated sheets, to make their distance further and become overlapped. The sheets in the front also showed the characteristic of the material’s length, split into two.

半圓拱屋頂/Arched roof

半圓拱屋頂→橢圓椅子，拱形屋頂也是常見於鐵皮建築工法的方式，可以將負載的重力導引轉換，承受更大的受力，相較平頂式屋頂；鐵皮屋使用的弧形鋼構，反倒成為一種沉穩且優美的力學表現。

Half Arched Roof→Oval Chair is also common in the buildings of corrugated sheets, compared to a flat top roof, it can transfer the loaded gravity and supported larger forces; the arc steel which is used in corrugated roof, it actually became a steadier and more beautiful mechanics.

[darth-mortem]

In previos texts from my English lessons I fordot about grammar. I try to fix this in today's text.

König helps Horangi after injury. 679 words.

“Don’t look at me like that!” Horangi shouted angrily.

König remained silent. He helped Hong Jin sit, crouched down, and began untying the laces of his boots. The Korean suffered a shrapnel wound during the last mission and had to be hospitalized, but escaped. König met him in the smoking area behind the barracks. Horangi sat there, pale and emaciated, and clearly unable to move on his own. Despite this, he refused to return to the hospital, so the Austrian had to take him to their room.

“Hey, babe,” Horangi sighed and looked guiltily, “I was wrong, okay? I shouldn’t have run away from the hospital. I just missed you, and I want to sleep in my bed.”

“I don’t think you can sleep in your bed.” König finally answered and carefully removed the boots from Horangi’s legs.

That was true. There was a bunk bed in their room, and Hong Jin occupied the top bunk. He won’t be able to climb there in his condition. As for König, he couldn’t sleep on the top because he was afraid that the bed structure wouldn’t support the weight of his stocky body.

“I don’t think you can sleep in your bed,” the Austrian repeated, “but I miss you too, so I’ll think of something, mein Tigerjunges.”

König removed both their mattresses and placed them on the floor. Then he adjusted the sheets and pillows, unfolded the blankets, and looked at his Korean.

“That’s nice,” Hong Jin smiled. “We have a double bed now. Why didn’t we do this earlier?”

“Because you love your top bunk, maybe.” König said this and took off his sniper hood. “You should lie down and rest. I’ll help you undress.”

Approaching Horangi, he bent down, unbuttoned his hoodie, and helped him out of his sleeves. Hong Jin’s movements were stiff because of the pain, and he hissed quietly but didn’t complain. Taking off the t-shirt was more difficult because he couldn’t lift his left arm. König pulled it off Horangi’s head and right arm first, then carefully removed it from his left one. Hong Jin’s shoulder and chest were bandaged. Another bandage was on the stomach. The injuries were extensive but, fortunately, not very serious.

“Thank you, babe.” Horangi raised his uninjured arm and wrapped it around his Austrian’s neck. “It hurts like hell, you know?”

“I know.” König sighed heavily and gently ran his fingers over the scars on Hong Jin’s cheek. “Hold on a little longer, mein Liebe. I’ll help you lie down now.”

Realizing that it would be difficult for the wounded man to sit on the mattress on the floor, König lifted Horangi in his arms and carefully placed him on the makeshift bed. Then he covered Hong Jin with a blanket, bent down, and kissed him on the temple.

“It’s my fault,” König said quietly. “I wasn’t with you there.”

“Don’t be stupid,” Horangi rolled his eyes, “you covered the retreat. Fulfilled an order. So you did everything right, my sweety. Roger that?”

“Aye.” The Austrian stood up and took on his sniper hood. “I’ll bring you food and meds. Don’t get up.”

Horangi was dozing when König returned, but woke up hearing his heavy steps. After a portion of hot soup and a dose of painkillers, he felt better, but he wanted to sleep even more.

“Hey, babe,” he called in a sleepy voice, “will you lie down with me?”

“Of course.” König smiled and started to undress.

Hong Jin smiled gently, looking at his shrapnel-torn back, side and face. He found the tall and stocky Austrian absolutely perfect, and no amount of scars could change it. They both were soldiers, war-dogs, and the traces of fire and steel on their bodies made them beautiful, not disfigured. Each scar meant that the wound had healed and that the person who received it had survived. If that’s not beautiful, then what is?

The Austrian lay down and hugged Horangi carefully and gently. The Korean rested his head on König’s shoulder and fell asleep quickly in his strong and warm embrace.

[beauiestars]

OBI-WAN KENOBI - Scars of Age

Obi-Wan Kenobi x Fem!Reader {PART ELEVEN}

Masterlist

Word Count: 2.3K

Warnings: SLOW BURN, pining, plenty of inaccuracies with timeline and facts, graphic-ish violence, a sprinkle of death and injury, a couple mentions of vomiting (non-explicit/totally casual) [LIST TBC].

Beau's Note: Totally didn't upload this on Ao3 three days ago and forget to upload it on here...

Summary: They say time heals all wounds. But with the forces of the universe tearing them apart, can two childhood best friends rediscover their connection and find solace in each other once more?

Your lightsaber hissed as it sliced through the dense, vibrant vegetation blocking your path. Steam rose where the blade met the damp foliage, the air around you heavy with humidity and the faint, earthy tang of rotting plant matter. Juna trudged behind, her boots snagging on the sprawling undergrowth. Every few steps, she stumbled, muttering curses under her breath.

Sweat trickled down your temples, pooling at the collar of your tunic where it clung to your skin. The two trader cloaks you'd been carrying now dangled uselessly from your shoulder, abandoned to the oppressive heat of the jungle. Even with your sleeves rolled up to your elbows, they were soaked through, sticking uncomfortably to your arms. Insects buzzed incessantly, a relentless din that gnawed at your nerves. You swatted at one that hovered near your face.

"See anything yet, kid?" you quipped, a half-joke to cut through the misery as you squinted into the endless tangle of fungal trees and explosive bursts of alien flora.

Juna's response was sharp, her tone dripping with sarcasm. "Really? Comedy now?"

You bit back a grin, finding her rare display of irritation oddly amusing. But your mirth was short-lived as a springy branch recoiled and smacked into your back. It knocked you clean off your feet, sending you sprawling into the jungle floor with a dull thud that drove the breath from your lungs.

Juna's laughter erupted behind you, genuine and unrestrained. She leaned against a nearby trunk for support, her shoulders shaking. The branch she'd unleashed hung innocently in the air, as if mocking you.

Rolling onto your back, you shot her a withering look, but your irritation dissipated when you caught sight of something glinting in the distance. Amid the riotous colours of the jungle canopy, a shadow of grey steel loomed—almost camouflaged, but there.

"Hey, kid," you said, gesturing upward, your voice urgent now. "Look."

Her laughter died as her gaze followed yours. Her jaw dropped. "That's it," she whispered. "We actually found it."

The hidden base you'd heard whispers about—rumours from wary locals of a syndicate facility nestled deep in the jungle. You hadn't expected to find it so quickly. Felucia's sun dipped low on the horizon, bathing your surroundings in deepening hues of gold and crimson.

"Are we the best team or what?" you joked, holding out your hand for Juna to pull you to your feet. She did so with a grin, but not before brushing imaginary dust from her sleeves like she was the real hero of the moment.

"Totally," she replied, her voice filled with playful sarcasm.

You let her take the lead toward the facility, laughing as she gleefully allowed branches to swing back at you, each one catching you just enough to keep her entertained. As you approached the massive structure, its seamless design became clear—steel walls merging unnervingly well with the natural landscape. No guards, no visible entry points, just an ominous grey expanse.

Juna turned to you expectantly. Without a word, you ignited your lightsaber again. With precision, you began cutting a small hole through the thick metal wall. The heat of the blade made the metal hiss and glow red-hot before it finally fell away.

You pressed your eye to the hole, peering inside. Half your view was blocked by a towering crate, but the rest revealed a bustling hangar filled with deactivated droids being loaded onto a ship. Your stomach tightened. These weren't just any droids—they were new, unrecognisable models. Master Yoda had warned of kyber-powered prototypes, but you hadn't expected to see them already in transit.

"Holy shit," you muttered under your breath.

"What? What is it?" Juna whispered, her voice tinged with panic.

"We're late," you said grimly, watching the scene unfold. Without wasting another second, you gestured for Juna to follow you. Together, you created an opening large enough to slip through and entered the hangar unnoticed.

Inside, the sheer scale of the operation became evident. The hangar stretched endlessly. You crouched low, pulling Juna down beside you as voices echoed nearby.

"But, sir," one whined, "the first batch hasn't even gone through quality checks. If they malfunction—"

The second voice cut through like a blade, cold and unforgiving. "I don't care about your checks. These droids leave by morning. If they don't, it's your head."

"Yes, sir," the nervous voice stuttered, each syllable heavy with reluctance. The footsteps faded in opposite directions, their echoes swallowed by the cavernous space. You didn't wait for silence to settle. Your grip tightened around Juna's forearm, the urgency in your eyes clear.

"Come on, kid. I've got a plan," you whispered.

Her gaze sharpened, and she nodded without hesitation, falling into step behind you. Once you were sure she could match your pace, you released her arm, trusting her to keep close. Moving swiftly but silently, you navigated the maze of crates, their shadows stretching like dark sentinels under the florescent glow of overhead lights.

Ahead, a maintenance door stood slightly ajar, held open by a mop jammed awkwardly in its frame. You gestured for Juna to follow as you slipped through, the door creaking faintly. You made sure to wedge it carefully open behind you.

The maintenance corridor was a stark contrast to the hangar—narrow and grimy. Red safety lights flickered sporadically, illuminating the slick walls and the dripping pipes. There was a metallic tang in the air, and the tight space forced you to proceed single file. Juna's footsteps echoed behind you, each step lighter than the last as she mirrored your cautious movements.

As you rounded a sharp corner, the jagged edge of rusted metal caught your sleeve, slicing through fabric and into flesh. Pain flared up your arm, sharp and hot, but you barely broke stride.

"Shit," you hissed under your breath, keeping your pace steady. "You okay, kid?" you called softly over your shoulder, careful to mask the sting in your voice.

"Yeah, I'm all good," Juna replied, her tone firm despite the laboured edge to her breaths.

The reassurance was all you needed. You didn't care about the sting in your arm; Juna's safety mattered more. Her steps matched yours, her quick breaths syncing with the rhythm of your movements as you wove through the twisting tunnels. The facility was a labyrinth, and though directions weren't your strong suit, you forced your mind to focus. Each turn, each landmark, committed to memory.

Without warning, you halted. Juna, too close behind, stumbled into your back with a muffled yelp. You steadied her with a hand, your eyes fixed on the ladder to your left. Its rungs were barely visible, blending seamlessly into the tangle of pipes.

"Up here," you instructed, already gripping the first rung. You climbed swiftly, ignoring the flakes of rust that dug into your palms. Every movement was efficient, practiced. Juna remained at the bottom, her head tilted back in wonder. The concealment of the ladder was nearly flawless.

At the top, you jammed your elbow against a trapdoor, the corroded hinges groaning in protest. The metal resisted, its edges biting into your arms, but you didn't relent. With a final heave, it gave way, and you pulled yourself through the opening.

Your palms trembled slightly from exertion as you turned back, reaching for Juna. Her small hands gripped yours tightly, and with one powerful pull, you hoisted her up. She landed beside you, her chest rising and falling as she fought to catch her breath.

Juna stared at you, her jaw slack. "How do you...?" she began, trailing off in disbelief.

You blinked, momentarily confused. Only then did you notice the fresh blood seeping through your torn sleeve, the dark stains blooming against the fabric. Sweat trickled down your temple, but you wiped it away, unbothered.

"Do what?" you replied, brushing it off like it was nothing.

She shook her head, disbelief colouring her expression. You were an enigma to her, your feats of strength and endurance seemingly effortless. Yet you never acknowledged them, treating even the most gruelling tasks as routine. To her, you were nothing short of a marvel, even if you refused to see it yourself.

She shook her head, in awe at your composure. "Thanks," she muttered, quiet but sincere.

You gave her a brief smile before glancing around the dimly lit room. The space was dominated by hulking machinery, their whirring sounds reverberating through the walls. Generators. A grin tugged at your lips as a plan began to form.

Juna's eyes widened as she realised your intent. "You're not serious—"

"Oh, I am." You grinned, already moving toward the nearest generator. "Just stay put and hold the trapdoor," you said, your voice low but firm. Juna nodded, her wide eyes following you as you stepped cautiously into the room. The dim, eerie glow of the machinery cast long, shifting shadows as you moved. Your path was erratic, deliberate; you avoided specific spots on the floor and pressed your body close to the walls, as if tracing some invisible map that only you could see.

She watched nervously as you disappeared behind the massive bulk of a generator, her grip tightening on the edge of the trapdoor. The room fell silent except for the faint hum of machinery and the distant thrum of alarms muffled by the facility's thick walls.

"Y/n?" she whisper-shouted, her voice trembling slightly. Without your steady presence, the sterile room seemed colder, the shadows more menacing. You were her anchor in this chaos, and the sudden absence of your calm, confident movements filled her with unease. "Are you okay?"

No answer.

Her pulse quickened, panic bubbling in her chest. She knew she wasn't supposed to move, but staying still felt unbearable. She made a split-second decision, stepping hesitantly into the open space.

The faint click beneath her foot was deafening. She froze, glancing down to see a pressure plate embedded in the floor, now glowing red.

Blinding white light erupted from every corner of the room, searing her vision. She froze, her heart pounding as an ear-piercing klaxon blared to life. The sound jolted you from your focus, and you looked up sharply from the tangle of wires where you had been working. Your stomach dropped as you realised what had happened.

"Y/n, I'm so sorry!" Juna shouted over the cacophony, her voice breaking with guilt. She stumbled back toward the wall as you appeared from behind the generator, your face lit up with equal parts exasperation and amusement.

"I thought you were just being weird!" she continued, her words tumbling out in a frantic rush. "I didn't realise—"

You couldn't help it. A laugh burst from your lips. The sheer horror on her face as she realised her mistake was almost comical, and the relief that she was unharmed made it impossible to stay angry. You clapped a hand over your mouth to muffle the sound, but it was too late—Juna's panic began to shift into disbelief as she watched you dissolve into laughter.

"I should've said something," you admitted finally, wiping your eyes. "I wasn't exactly clear, was I? But it's fine. We'll deal with it. Honestly... we were already cutting it close."

Juna stared, her brow furrowed, before a reluctant smile tugged at her lips. Before either of you could say more, the metallic clang of a door bursting open cut through the noise. The heavy sound of boots on the floor echoed behind the generator.

"Move!" you barked, grabbing her arm and yanking her into motion. This time, you didn't trust her to stay close without your grip.

The two of you barrelled back toward the ladder, your boots clanging against the metal rungs as you descended in record time. You reached the bottom first, twisting around to steady Juna as she jumped the last few feet. Together, you sprinted through the narrow tunnels, the deafening wail of the alarm merging with the sharp cracks of blaster fire behind you.

You hadn't had a clear plan when you entered the facility, and you certainly didn't have one now. Survival was the only priority. Fortunately, the path ahead was clear—most of the droids in the hangar were deactivated, and the syndicate enforcers were still scrambling to organise a proper pursuit.

The exit was a blur. You reached the maintenance door first, kicking the mop bucket away with a single, swift motion. It slammed shut behind you with a solid click as you hauled Juna through the jagged hole you'd carved into the wall earlier.

The jungle outside was a dark, tangled mess of shadows and vibrant colours, its foliage glowing faintly under Felucia's twin moons. The air resonated with the sound of rustling leaves, chirping insects, and the occasional guttural growl of some unseen creature.

Neither of you stopped running. Sharp branches lashed at your clothes and skin. The uneven ground threatened to trip you at every step. The distant wail of the alarm began to fade, but you didn't dare slow down. You knew better. Organisations like this didn't let intruders simply vanish into the night.

"You okay, kid?" you asked, sparing a glance over your shoulder.

Juna nodded, her face pale but determined. "Yeah. I'm fine."

"Good," you said. "Keep moving."

The jungle at night was merciless, alive with predators both natural and artificial. Every rustle of leaves, every distant screech set your nerves on edge, but you pushed forward, guiding Juna with a firm but gentle grip.

For now, you were alive. But the danger was far from over.

･˳ . ⋆ .˳⁺⁎˚ ⋆･˳ . ⋆ .˳⁺⁎˚ ⋆･˳ . ⋆ .˳⁺⁎˚ ⋆･˳ . ⋆ .˳⁺⁎˚ ⋆･˳ . ⋆ .˳⁺⁎˚ ⋆･˳ . ⋆ .˳⁺⁎˚ ⋆

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[stainlesspipes]

Comprehensive Guide to Stainless Steel Sheets, Coils, and Decorative Finishes

Stainless steel is a powerful and versatile material used in many industries due to its durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal. Among the most common forms of stainless steel are sheets, coils, perforated sheets, and textured and embossed varieties. Each form has its unique benefits and uses, making it a go-to material for construction, automotive, architecture, and other sectors.

In this guide, we will delve deeper into these types of stainless steel products, their properties uses, and why they are essential in various industries.

1. Stainless Steel Sheets: A Foundation for Versatility and Strength

Stainless steel sheets are flat, thin pieces of steel that are widely used in everything from structural components to household items. They come in a variety of grades, thicknesses, and finishes, allowing for a wide range of applications.

Key Benefits:

Corrosion Resistance: Stainless steel sheets are resistant to rust, making them ideal for outdoor and harsh environments like marine applications or chemical industries.

Strength and Durability: The high tensile strength of stainless steel sheets ensures they can handle heavy loads and extreme conditions without compromising integrity.

Aesthetic Appeal: Stainless steel sheets provide a sleek, modern look and are commonly used in architecture and design for both functional and decorative purposes.

Hygienic and Easy to Clean: The smooth surface of stainless steel makes it easy to clean and maintain, which is why it’s the material of choice for food processing, healthcare, and pharmaceutical industries.

Applications of Stainless Steel Sheets:

Construction: Stainless steel is used for roofing, wall cladding, and reinforcement in buildings. It’s also used for structural components like beams and columns.

Kitchen and Appliances: From countertops and sinks to industrial refrigerators, stainless steel sheets are essential for hygiene, durability, and ease of maintenance.

Automotive and Aerospace: Stainless steel is commonly used for body panels, exhaust systems, and engine components in vehicles, as well as structural elements in aircraft.

2. Steel Coils: Flexibility and Efficiency in Manufacturing

Steel coils are large, rolled pieces of steel that are typically cold-rolled or hot-rolled and can be processed into a variety of shapes and sizes. These coils are widely used in the manufacturing process and are known for their ability to be easily handled and formed into different products.

Key Benefits:

Efficient Manufacturing: Steel coils reduce waste by allowing manufacturers to process materials in bulk, cutting down on costs and energy use.

Strong and Resilient: Steel coils maintain their integrity even under high pressure, making them suitable for a wide variety of demanding applications.

Easy to Transport: The coil form makes it easier to store and ship large quantities of steel at once.

Applications of Steel Coils:

Automotive: Steel coils are used to produce parts such as chassis, body panels, and structural components.

Construction: Coils are used for making reinforcement bars, metal sheets for roofing, and structural beams.

Appliances: Steel coils are often turned into components for household items such as refrigerators, washing machines, and dishwashers.

3. Stainless Steel Perforated Sheets: Functional and Decorative Patterns

Perforated stainless steel sheets are created by punching holes into the steel, resulting in a material that has a unique pattern of small holes. These perforations can vary in size, shape, and spacing, making perforated stainless steel highly customizable for different purposes.

Key Benefits:

Improved Ventilation and Light Transmission: Perforated sheets are widely used in applications where airflow, light, or sound is needed. For example, they can be used for air filtration systems or soundproofing materials.

Aesthetic Design: The perforated patterns add a decorative element to the material, making it an ideal choice for modern architecture and interior design projects.

Weight Reduction: The holes reduce the overall weight of the material, which is crucial in industries like transportation and packaging.

Applications of Stainless Steel Perforated Sheets:

Architectural Design: Used in facades, wall panels, and ceiling tiles, perforated sheets are valued for their appearance and functionality.

Industrial Applications: Perforated sheets are common in the construction of filtration systems, industrial grilles, and even security barriers.

Furniture and Interiors: They are used for shelving, decorative partitions, and custom-made furniture elements.

4. Textured Stainless Steel: Adding Dimension and Functionality

Textured stainless steel refers to sheets that have been treated to produce a pattern or finish that gives the metal a tactile and visual appeal. Common textures include brushed, hammered, or patterned finishes, which enhance the material’s functionality and aesthetic qualities.

Key Benefits:

Improved Grip and Slip Resistance: Some textured finishes, like brushed or hammered, add traction, making them ideal for use in high-traffic areas, walkways, and stair treads.

Unique Visual Appeal: The texture creates a dynamic, modern look that adds character to both commercial and residential projects.

Durability: The texture enhances the surface, making it more resistant to wear and tear, scratches, and other damage, which is perfect for areas that see a lot of use.

Applications of Textured Stainless Steel:

Interior Design: Used for decorative wall panels, countertops, and accent pieces, textured stainless steel elevates the look of modern homes and offices.

Public Spaces: Textured finishes are perfect for use in public areas like transit stations, airports, or malls due to their slip-resistant properties.

Transport and Automotive: In vehicles, textured stainless steel is often used in non-slip flooring, particularly in trains and buses.

5. Embossed Stainless Steel Sheets: Adding Depth and Dimension

Embossed stainless steel sheets feature a raised design, creating a 3D effect that adds a tactile quality to the material. These designs can range from simple geometric patterns to intricate, decorative motifs. Embossed stainless steel provides both functionality and artistic appeal.

Key Benefits:

Enhanced Durability: The embossing process makes the material thicker and more resistant to damage from dents, scratches, and wear, which extends its lifespan.

Aesthetic Flexibility: Embossed stainless steel is widely used in high-end design applications due to its unique appearance and dimensional qualities.

Concealing Imperfections: The raised designs help to mask imperfections like scratches, fingerprints, or smudges, maintaining the material’s aesthetic quality over time.

Applications of Embossed Stainless Steel:

Interior Design: Commonly used for decorative wall panels, cabinet doors, and countertops.

Automotive Industry: Embossed stainless steel is used for interior trims, dashboards, and decorative moldings in vehicles.

Consumer Products: Common in appliances, elevator panels, and furniture, where both durability and a premium look are desired.

Choosing the Right Stainless Steel Product for Your Project

To select the right stainless steel material for your project, consider the following:

Determine Your Application Needs: Identify whether your project requires a focus on aesthetics, strength, corrosion resistance, or a combination of these features.

Consider the Environment: For high-corrosion environments, choose stainless steel types like 316, which offer enhanced resistance to rust and stains.

Thickness and Finish: The thickness of the material will determine its strength, while the finish will impact both its appearance and functionality (e.g., brushed, polished, or embossed).

Customization Requirements: Perforated, textured, or embossed designs can be customized to fit specific project requirements.

Conclusion: The Power of Stainless Steel in Modern Applications

Stainless steel products, including sheets, coils, perforated sheets, textured, and embossed varieties, are indispensable in today's world. Whether you're designing a sleek kitchen, building a durable structure, or developing innovative automotive parts, stainless steel offers unmatched versatility, strength, and visual appeal. Understanding the different types of stainless steel products and their specific applications will help you make the best material choice for your needs.

With the right selection, stainless steel will continue to provide long-lasting, reliable, and stylish solutions across industries.

For help selecting the perfect stainless steel product for your project, feel free to reach out. Our experts are here to assist you in making the most informed choice!

[zhishang-steel]

Guaranteed low price Dx51d Dx52d Dx66d galvanized steel coil

Galvanized steel coil is a specially treated steel product whose production process includes a number of fine steps. First, the raw material is all-hard board, which requires a pickling process to remove surface impurities and oxide layers, and then a rolling process to achieve the desired thickness and smoothness. The sheets are then fed into a zinc pan, where they are coated with a uniform and continuous zinc film. This layer of zinc film can not only effectively isolate the direct contact between the air and the substrate, thus greatly enhancing the corrosion resistance of the material; At the same time, because the zinc itself has good plasticity and ductility, the galvanized steel plate also has better processing and forming ability and good coating adhesion.

Hot-dip galvanizing technology is one of the most widely used methods for surface protection of steel products, which takes advantage of the unique electrochemical properties of zinc - when zinc is used as a sacrificial anode, it can be preferentially corroded by oxidation over iron, thereby protecting the internal base metal from damage. This method is especially suitable for those components or equipment that need to be exposed to the outside environment for a long time, such as building structures, Bridges, highway guardrails, etc.

According to the requirements of different application scenarios, the manufacturer can also adjust the specific thickness range of the galvanized layer, which can usually reach a maximum of about 120 grams per square meter. In addition, in cases where the appearance quality of the final product is required to be high, additional polishing treatment can also be selected to obtain a smoother and more delicate surface effect. According to whether such a follow-up processing process is carried out, the common galvanized steel coil on the market can be divided into two categories: zero spot type (that is, no additional treatment is done) and ultra-smooth type.

Our advantage

01. Advanced equipment: We have three production lines, all equipped with the most advanced production equipment in China. These devices not only improve production efficiency, but also ensure the quality and consistency of the product. Our factory covers an area of 30,000 square meters, and spacious production workshops provide ample space for large-scale production.

02. High-quality raw materials: We always adhere to the selection of high-quality raw materials, from the source to ensure the quality of products. We have established long-term and stable cooperation with many well-known suppliers to ensure that the quality of raw materials is reliable and meets international standards.

03. Strict quality inspection: We implement strict quality inspection standards, and strictly monitor and test every production link. Our products comply with ISO and SGS international standards, ensuring that every product can meet 100% of customer requirements.

04. Fast delivery: We use advanced production management processes, from order receipt to production arrangement to product delivery, the entire process is efficient and fast. Our goal is to complete customers' orders in the shortest possible time to ensure that customers receive satisfactory products in a timely manner.

05. Professional Sales services: We have a professional sales team who are fluent in Spanish, Portuguese, French, Arabic and Russian. This enables us to better communicate and cooperate with customers in different countries and regions, and provide customers with more intimate and professional services.

[tubetrading]

Understanding the Manufacturing Process of MSERW Pipes

Mild Steel Electric Resistance Welded (MSERW) pipes play a crucial role in numerous industries, ranging from construction to automotive.  These pipes are known for their strength, durability, and ability to withstand extreme conditions, making them an ideal choice for various structural and mechanical applications.  Whether you are a project manager or an engineer, understanding the manufacturing process of MSERW pipes is essential for selecting the right product for your needs.  If you are searching for a reliable MSERW Pipe dealer in Gujarat, this comprehensive guide will help you understand the journey of these pipes from raw materials to finished products.

What is an MSERW Pipe?

MSERW pipes are manufactured using mild steel through a process called Electric Resistance Welding (ERW).  These pipes are formed by rolling metal and welding it longitudinally along its length using electric resistance.  The result is a strong, seamless pipe that is widely used in industries like water supply, oil and gas, agriculture, and structural works.

The mild steel used in the production of these pipes gives them a balance between strength and flexibility, making them ideal for both high-pressure and low-pressure applications.  As a trusted MSERW Pipe Supplier in Gujarat, Tube Trading offers high-quality pipes that meet industry standards and provide excellent performance.

Step-by-Step Manufacturing Process of MSERW Pipes

The manufacturing process of MSERW pipes involves several stages, each contributing to the quality and structural integrity of the final product.  Below is a detailed breakdown of the entire manufacturing process:

1.         Selection of Raw Material

The process begins with the selection of high-quality mild steel coils, also known as hot-rolled steel coils.  These coils form the base material for MSERW pipes.  The chemical composition of the steel is carefully chosen to ensure it meets the required mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance.  A reliable MSERW Pipe Provider in Gujarat ensures that the raw materials adhere to international quality standards.

2.         Slitting

Once the raw material is selected, it is cut into narrow strips using a process called slitting.  The width of the strips depends on the required diameter of the pipe.  The slitting process is carried out with high precision to avoid any discrepancies that might affect the final product.  These narrow steel strips are later used to form the body of the pipe.

3.         Forming

The steel strips are then passed through a series of rollers that bend the material into the shape of a cylinder.  This process is known as forming.  The edges of the steel strip are brought together to create a seam, which will later be welded.  The forming process is critical because it ensures the pipes achieve their final shape without any cracks or irregularities.

4.         Electric Resistance Welding (ERW)

In the ERW process, the edges of the steel strip are welded together using electric resistance.  This is achieved by applying high-frequency electric current along the seam.  The resistance generated by the electric current causes the edges to heat up, melting the metal and fusing it together.  The result is a welded seam that is as strong as the rest of the pipe, ensuring the structural integrity of the entire product.

MSERW pipes are known for their superior welding quality, and this process is a major contributing factor.  Leading MSERW Pipe Suppliers in Gujarat prioritize high-precision welding to avoid issues like weak seams or leaks in the final product.

5.         Sizing and Shaping

Once the welding is complete, the pipe goes through additional rollers that ensure it reaches the correct diameter and roundness.  This step is known as sizing and shaping.  The pipe is passed through a series of sizing rollers that give it the exact dimensions required for its intended application.  At this stage, any residual stress in the pipe is also minimized.

6.         Cutting to Length

After sizing, the MSERW pipes are cut to the desired length.  High-precision cutting equipment ensures that each pipe is of uniform length.  This is essential for industries that require pipes of specific dimensions.  The pipes are cut either by flying saws or other automated cutting machines to ensure accuracy.

7.         Testing and Quality Control

Before the pipes are sent to the market, they undergo rigorous testing and quality control checks.  Several non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic testing, hydrostatic testing, and eddy current testing, are employed to check for any defects in the welded seam or body of the pipe.  Leading MSERW Pipe Dealers in Gujarat ensure that every pipe undergoes thorough quality control to guarantee its durability and performance.

8.         Surface Treatment

The surface of the pipes is treated to protect them from corrosion and enhance their longevity.  This may include galvanization or coating with protective layers like epoxy or other anti-corrosive materials.  Surface treatment ensures that the pipes are suitable for outdoor and corrosive environments, such as those found in the oil and gas industry.

9.         Packaging and Delivery

Finally, the MSERW pipes are packaged for delivery.  Packaging ensures that the pipes are protected during transit and arrive at the customer’s location in perfect condition.  At this point, the pipes are ready to be delivered to various industries, from construction to infrastructure projects, where they will be used in numerous applications.

Applications of MSERW Pipes

MSERW pipes are highly versatile and used in a wide range of industries.  Below are some of their key applications:

Construction:  Used for scaffolding, structural supports, and building frameworks.

Oil and Gas Industry:  Utilized for transporting oil, gas, and water due to their strength and durability.

Water Supply:  Employed in plumbing systems and water pipelines.

Automotive Industry:  Used for exhaust systems and structural components.

Agriculture:  Commonly used in irrigation systems and water transport.

As a top MSERW Pipe Provider in Gujarat, Tube Trading supplies pipes that can be customized according to the specific needs of these industries.

Why Choose MSERW Pipes?

Cost-Effective:  MSERW pipes are less expensive to produce compared to seamless pipes, offering an economical solution for various applications.

High Strength:  The welding process ensures a strong, durable pipe that can handle high pressure.

Versatility:  MSERW pipes are available in different diameters, thicknesses, and lengths, making them adaptable for various industries.

Corrosion Resistance:  Surface treatments like galvanization offer protection against corrosion, making these pipes ideal for harsh environments.

Conclusion

Understanding the manufacturing process of MSERW pipes helps in appreciating the level of detail and quality control involved in creating these essential components.  From raw material selection to the final quality checks, each step contributes to producing a pipe that is reliable, strong, and durable.

For industries looking for a dependable MSERW Pipe Supplier in Gujarat, Tube Trading offers high-quality products that meet industry standards and are tailored to your specific needs.  Whether you need pipes for construction, oil and gas, or water supply, MSERW pipes provide the strength and versatility required for your projects.

[padmavatisteel]

Stainless Steel 310S Coils Suppliers In Mumbai

The Stainless Steel 310s Coils comes in ASTM A240/BS 4449/JIS G3109. The stainless steel coil in width: 1000mm, 1220mm, 1250mm, 1500mm, length: 2000mm, 2440mm, 3000mm, 5800mm. 6000mm, and so on. This assessment of SS coils is appeared to be various surface covering like 2B, 2D, BA, mirrors, sandblast, hairline and others. The SS 310S float seemed to changed structures like setting, hot moved, cold rolled and others.

For more information Visit our website: https://www.padmavatisteel.com/stainless-steel-310s-coils-manufacturers-suppliers-importers-exporters-stockists.html Contact Us: +91-9930388308 Email: corporate@psecm.com

[padmavati12]

Stainless Steel 304 Coils Stockists In India

Title: Exploring the Versatility of Stainless Steel 304 Coils: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction: Stainless steel is a ubiquitous material known for its durability, corrosion resistance, and versatility in various applications. Among the numerous grades available, Stainless Steel 304 stands out as a popular choice for its excellent properties. This article delves into the world of Stainless Steel 304 Coils, examining their composition, characteristics, and diverse applications.

Section 1: Composition and Properties 1.1 Chemical Composition:

Breakdown of key elements in Stainless Steel 304 Coils.

Impact of chromium and nickel on corrosion resistance.

Other alloying elements and their contributions.

1.2 Mechanical Properties:

Tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.

High-temperature performance.

Comparison with other stainless steel grades.

Section 2: Manufacturing Process 2.1 Hot vs. Cold Rolling:

Explanation of hot rolling and cold rolling processes.

Effects on coil thickness, surface finish, and mechanical properties.

2.2 Annealing Process:

Importance of annealing in enhancing corrosion resistance.

Annealing temperature and duration.

Section 3: Applications 3.1 Automotive Industry:

Use of Stainless Steel 304 Coils in exhaust systems and automotive components.

Corrosion resistance in harsh environmental conditions.

3.2 Construction Sector:

Applications in structural elements, facades, and roofing.

Aesthetics and durability in architectural designs.

3.3 Food and Beverage Industry:

Hygienic properties of Stainless Steel 304 Coils.

Common applications in food processing and storage.

3.4 Chemical and Petrochemical:

Resistance to corrosive chemicals and harsh environments.

Use in pipelines, tanks, and chemical processing equipment.

Section 4: Advantages and Challenges 4.1 Advantages:

Excellent corrosion resistance.

High strength and durability.

Ease of fabrication and maintenance.

4.2 Challenges:

Susceptibility to chloride-induced corrosion.

Cost considerations compared to other stainless steel grades.

Section 5: Maintenance and Care

Best practices for maintaining the integrity of Stainless Steel 304 Coils.

Cleaning methods and corrosion prevention.

Conclusion: In conclusion, Stainless Steel 304 Coils offer a compelling combination of corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and versatility. Whether in automotive, construction, or food industries, these coils continue to play a crucial role in various applications. Understanding their composition, manufacturing process, and proper maintenance is key to unlocking their full potential in diverse settings.

[ecafez-tatasteel]

Launched as a specialised high-tensile steel grade, Tata Astrum Solar has been successfully empowering India’s solar mission. Sign up today and place your order.

[tatadigeca]

Hot Rolled Steel for Structures & Projects | DigECA - Tata Steel

Enhance your steel fabrication with premium hot rolled steel from DigECA - Tata Steel. Discover reliable solutions for all structural fabrication needs.

[zaunseye]

𓁿 - 𝐮𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 .

𝐒𝐏𝐈𝐂𝐄 // mustard seed - a spicy, tangy taste ; warm ; bright yellow ; a symbol of growth and change ; a pungent aroma

𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 // stormy - ever-changing ; intimidation through demonstration ; sudden ambush ; striking quickly

𝐏𝐑𝐈𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐔𝐑 // red - intensity ; courage in battle ; fresh blood ; anger toward injustice ; the settling glow of heated steel

𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐔𝐑 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐊𝐘 // dusk - deep shadows ; shades of pink, red, blue, purple, and grey ; the ending of a day ; the beginning of a night

𝐌𝐀𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐑 // mind control - manipulation and command of those weaker minded ; superior intellect ; calm and collected

𝐒𝐇𝐎𝐄 // mid-shin boot - practical ; short-heeled ; masculine ; sleek and stylish ; the solid clack of a sturdy heel on a wooden floor

𝐇𝐎𝐔𝐒𝐄𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐓 // oxalis - luck ; adaptability ; transformation ; deep and vibrant purple ; balance ; the sour taste of medicine

𝐁𝐋𝐀𝐃𝐄 𝐖𝐄𝐀𝐏𝐎𝐍 // vander's knife - old and worn ; meticulously sharpened ; displayed with importance ; sentimental tendencies

𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐋 𝐒𝐔𝐁𝐉𝐄𝐂𝐓 // etiquette - torturous ; fidgeting behind the teacher's back ; fixing hair ; mocking laughter ; grace and poise

𝐌𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐔𝐏 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓 // concealer - shapeshifting ; the lesson of a daughter ; recaptured youth ; preserving one's privacy ; nostalgia

𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐘 // red hots - intense heat ; bright red ; found with dread ; that burn on the tip of your tongue ; hard to swallow

𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐂𝐔𝐁𝐄 𝐒𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐄 // square - angular ; structured ; tried and true ; the roll of the dice ; transformation over time ; mixture of water and drink

𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐒𝐓𝐘𝐋𝐄 // surrealism - challenging ; revolutionary ; insulting tradition ; expression through shape and color ; melting eyes

𝐌𝐘𝐓𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐂𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 // the kraken - from the depths ; a force of nature ; man's hubris in adventure ; ancient creature

𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐑𝐘 // papyrus - sturdy and resilient ; the color of skin ; woven fibers ; ancient knowledge ; important documents

𝐂𝐄𝐋𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐁𝐎𝐃𝐘 // mars - masculinity ; inner desires ; power and destruction ; the shades of red, orange, and blue ; crushing pressure

tagged by :: @ferinehuntress (thank you <3) tagging :: @sanguine-salvation, @the-shattered-seas, @system-contact and anyone else who wants to do this -- tag me!

[royalreef]

@fullcfphobias || Continued from here.

She reacts in slow motion, all in her head and face, a sort of slow roll back, eyes wobbling in her head like marbles, lips tensing. A merfolk gesture, at its core, something old and deep and carved into the annuals of instinct, indecipherable to anyone else who wouldn't be able to tell it from any other muscle twitch.

Oz is too close. Her thoughts come disconnected and beheaded, strung out in chunks so that they occur and she cannot trace them backwards or ahead, only exist within them. They are far too close. They shouldn't be this close, too close, too near to her scales and her skin and her face. Fear floods in, hot and furious and speaking nothing of where it came from, that they would touch her.

She couldn't tolerate it. Wouldn't tolerate it. She couldn't, she couldn't, she couldn't, the ghosts of touch and of hands lingering over her scales, possessive, possessing her, algae film stinging her with caustic touch no matter how much she flailed and kicked. It sticks in her joints, in the bend of her elbows, where her scales are thin and her skin shows through, and she simply cannot tolerate this.

The memory is there before Oz ever touches her, before they ever speak a word, a twitch of muscle deep in her skull and in her throat, a pornographic roll of her tongue and throat, vomit that sticks in her esophagus before she can even be sick on the floor. This is all an act in misery. This is all a ghost of pain. Everything exists and then it doesn’t. She blinks out, blinks in, straddles the midline of existence and finds it unable to bear, trying to become something she’s not, something she’ll never be.

“Turn around, Oz. Close your eyes. Go home.” Her body protests in absence of her mind, of anyone at the helm to guide her. The collar of her attire sticks to her throat, and she knows its her own blood coating the pseudo-velvet down against her scales, a waste of her official dress for duties of the throne’s attention, but she cannot make this mean anything. There’s still blood caterpillar crawling down from the tender behind of her jaw, her fins, the place where her gills punch straight through into her throat, and she can feel chunks creeping outwards. She does not mention these. She does not think at all what they are. She does not think at all.

She is Crown Princess Miranda Vanderbilt. She is Crown Princess Miranda Vanderbilt. She is Crown Princess Miranda Vanderbilt.

She is a gesture and a tool, an implement of forged steel and bent wire and carved bone, hollow and vapid and perfect. She is something Oz will never be. She is made immaculate, refined and honed and sharpened, and there are pieces of her gills, soft and spongy as her lungs, falling out of herself and splattering over her nice white breast piece.

It’s very nice, isn’t it? Lovely, really. This piece of attire isn’t at all like her typical sundress, nor even her flowery and attractive pieces that she might typically flounce about in. It’s structured like a suit, maybe, in the abstract, although the details err. Nice thick fabric, cut into square pieces. Lovely embroidery work. There’s a chain of gold links crossing over her chest, over her white fabric with its pearly little buttons, and there’s a golden badge pinned somewhere to her side — she’s forgotten where — with her family’s insignia on it. It’s harder to move in this than how she usually likes, turning her gestures hard and doll-like where it refuses to bend anywhere but the joints, close to her body, snipping her movements in half.

She doesn’t know where she is either, but that’s fine too. It’s fine. It’s done. It’s completed. Just make them stop looking at her. Make them stop looking at her. Make them stop touching her. They are touching her, right? She can feel someone touching her. She doesn’t want them to be touching her, but there are hands, all the same, walking up and down over her throat and her chest and her arms. She wants them to stop. Please stop. Please. It’s all she has left, all she can do. Please stop touching her. She can’t make them stop touching her. She can’t make the sensation go away, no matter how hard she tries, no matter how hard she looks for it, possessive and deserving and shaping all the same.

She’s forgotten who she is.

She is Crown Princess Miranda Vanderbilt.

She is Crown Princess Miranda Vanderbilt.

She is Crown Princess Miranda Vanderbilt.

“You do not have to see what is here. You do not have to look at it. You do not have to understand this. Just turn back. Just turn back. Go back home. Shut your eyes. Forget what you saw.”

Someone is moving her mouth, and she wants to vomit at the sensation of swallowing, of the thick bobbing and wet slap that the back of her throat makes, the way her tongue presses up against the roof of her mouth, all those wet ridges and the pinch of spincter muscles and the sting of acid as it crawls up from the grave of her stomach. Her eyes stay focused, somewhere. She forgets where. She doesn’t know what her body’s doing. She hates the way her mouth feels, to mouth, to breathe, to speak.

“You can ignore it. If you stay, you can not ignore it. You will have to look at it. Just go home. Go home. Forget you saw this. Nothing will change if you do not make it.”

[agp]

hey if youre on turtle island or still tuesday and feel like trying a quick silly browser game you should check out tradle. (i think it updates at midnight based on time zones?) todays is real fun i prommy.

you get five guesses to figure out a country from its export data, and after each guess they tell you how far away you are and what direction the county youre looking for is. i know it sounds like a ridiculous challenge but this one has a bunch of easy hints and giveaways that are accessible to your average westerner

if its wednesday by now or you want to see the data presented differently check out this silly economy under the cut (bolded 'spoilers' ig)

total export value: 371b (usd)

gold: 86.7b (23%}

packaged meds: 48.5b (13%)

vaccines, blood, cultures, etc: 40.3b (11%)

base metal watches: 15.2b (4%)

nitrogen heterocyclic compounds: 14.2b (4%)

jewlery: 9.35b (2.5%)

precious metal watches: 8.97b (2.5%)

orthopedic appliances: 7.02b (2%)

hormones: 3.38b

coffee: 3.36b

electricity: 3.19b

medical instruments: 3.09b

machinery w indv functions: 3.04b

platinum: 2.54b

chemical analysis instruments: 2.27b

nucleic acids: 2.17b

valves: 2.17b

silver: 2.01b

electric motors: 1.78b

scented mixtures: 1.72b

sulfonamides: 1.71b

diamonds: 1.64b

planes, helicopters, and spacecraft: 1.63b

beauty products: 1.58b

other heating machinery: 1.43b

flavored water: 1.43b

gas turbines: 1.38b

low voltage protection eq: 1.34b

gas and liquid flow measuring inst: 1.3b

carboxyamide compounds: 1.26b

other measuring instruments: 1.24b

air pumps: 1.16b

motor vehicles, parts, and acc: 1.14b

petroleum gas: 1.12b

electrical transformers: 1.11b

aluminum plating: 1.07b

other plastic products: 1.01b

metal working machine parts: 988m

vitamins: 965m

polyamides: 963m

washing and bottling machines: 925m

chocolate: 887m

oxygen amino compounds: 885m

integrated circuits: 884m

iron fasteners: 881m

paintings: 873m

transmissions: 855m

special pharmaceuticals: 837m

insulated wire: 828m

electrical power accessories: 826m

plastic lids: 818m

cheese: 800m

antibiotics: 797m

liquid pumps: 797m

cars: 789m

ink: 752m

non mechanical removal machinery: 737m

trunks and cases: 734m

centrifuges: 730m

interchangeable tool parts: 728m

high voltage protection eq: 705m

hand saws: 693m

other edible preparations: 680m

electric heaters: 679m

electrical control boards: 672m

polyacetals: 664m

plastic pipes: 636m

electric soldering equipment: 616m

precious metal compounds: 608m

industrial fatty acids, oils, and alcohols: 608m

hot rolled iron bars: 590m

self propelled rail transport: 582m

refined petroleum: 577m

hydrazine or hydroxylamine derivatives: 565m

precious stones: 563m

rubber working machinery: 561m

unpackaged meds: 557m

other iron products: 553m

precious metal scraps 550m

computers: 545m

surveying equipment: 523m

other plastic sheetings: 519m

metal finishing machines: 516m

scrap copper: 514m

semiconductor devices: 511m

raw plastic sheeting: 494m

documents or title and stamps: 490m

rolled tobacco: 487m

malt extract: 469m

other electrical machinery: 467m

other paper machinery: 450m

oxygen heterocyclic compounds: 441m

non knit mens suits: 441m

synthetic coloring matter: 436m

locomotive parts: 432m

non knit womens suits: 428m

iron structures: 424m

leather footwear: 421m

industrial printers: 415m

lifting machinery: 415m

scrap iron: 412m

therapeutic appliances: 410m

office machine parts: 410m

other clocks and watches: 405m

metal molds: 403m

other furniture: 403m

glaziers putty: 377m

liquid dispersing machines: 376m

knitting machine accessories: 370m

other small iron pipes: 369m

broadcasting equipment: 367m

aircraft parts: 363m

industrial food prep machinery: 362m

glues: 357m

pesticides: 349m

oscilloscopes: 344m

raw aluminum: 344m

knit sweaters: 339m

optical fibers and bundles: 334m

excavation machinery: 332m

non iron/steel slag ash and residue: 319m

carboxylic acids: 315m

xray equipment: 315m

electric motor parts: 315m

watch straps: 313m

tanks and armoured vehicles: 310m

forging machines: 309m

cleaning products: 306m

metalworking transfer machines: 298m

animal food: 294m

combustion engines: 282m

engine parts: 271m

electric generating sets: 254m

scrap aluminum: 249m

laboratory reagents: 249m

perfumes: 244m

other rubber products: 241m

photo lab equipment: 240m

wheat: 236m

lubricating products: 234m

printed circuit boards: 233m

aluminum bars: 230m

explosive ammunition: 230m

brooms: 224m

lcds: 223m

refrigerators: 223m

motorcycles and cycles: 221m

large construction vehicles: 221m

coal briquettes: 221m

corn: 220m

aluminum cans: 219m

textile footwear: 217m

thermostats: 207m

coffee and tea extracts: 206m

other aluminum products: 204m

ball bearings: 203m

knives: 199m

machines for additive mnf: 195m

raw iron bars: 187m

delivery trucks: 185m

milling stones: 176m

aluminum foil: 170m

collectors items: 169m

soybean oil: 169m

wood fiberboard: 166m

other stainless steel bars: 164m

sculptures: 160m

cutting blades: 159m

baked goods: 150m

navigation equipment: 146m

hydrometers: 137m

watch cases and parts: 134m

laboratory ceramic wear: 134m

wood carpentry: 124m

mirrors and lenses: 117m