#hepatitis b positive

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

Not exactly new news (published in June) but something that's important and a bit underdiscussed.

By Devika Rao

Rare types of cancer are showing up in higher numbers since the Covid-19 pandemic. Doctors suspect that the virus itself may be contributing to the higher cancer rates, despite a solid connection not yet being established. The pandemic may have permanently altered the bodies of those infected, making them more susceptible to cancer. Those affected include people who were otherwise previously healthy.

What do cancer trends look like? Doctors have identified a marked increase in late-stage rarer cancers in people who had otherwise been healthy. Lung, blood and colon cancer, especially, have been rising in younger people. Specifically, medical experts have observed a rise in new cancer patients, multiple patients with multiple cancers, couples and siblings developing cancer within months of each other and cancer patients relapsing after years of remission.

The trend has been particularly noticeable since the Covid-19 pandemic. "This is an observation that has piqued the researchers' and clinicians' interest, that, is there an association with Covid, especially long Covid and cancer?" Dr. Suraj Saggar, chief of infectious disease at Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, New Jersey, said to Fox 5 New York.

Cancer is caused by errors in genetic code within cells. "The human body is made up of trillions of cells in a constant state of growth, repair and death," said The Washington Post. "Most of the time, cells with damaged DNA fix themselves, or simply disappear. Sometimes, they start collecting mistakes in their genetic code and rampage out of control into tumors."

What is more alarming is the prevalence of people suffering from more than one type of cancer. "Having multiple forms of cancer at the same time has also become more prevalent. Cancers typically start in one part of the body and spread," the Post said. "It's rare for discrete cancers to begin in different parts of the body during a short window."

What could be causing the rise? Some scientists posit that the Covid virus itself could be contributing to the higher numbers of cancer diagnoses, especially for those who are suffering from long Covid. "The idea that some viruses can cause or accelerate cancer is hardly new," said the Post. "Scientists have recognized this possibility since the 1960s, and today, researchers estimate 15% to 20% of all cancers worldwide originate from infectious agents such as HPV, Epstein-Barr and hepatitis B."

Because "infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurs in several organs either directly or indirectly, it is expected that cancer stem cells may develop in multiple organs," said a 2023 study published in the journal Biochimie. Lung, colorectal, pancreatic and oral cancer could particularly be exacerbated.

While not officially confirmed, the virus is said to cause full-body inflammation. "Inflammation triggers many genetic changes in a genome that can create a propensity of developing cancer in certain individuals," Dr. Kashyap Patel, CEO of Carolina Blood and Cancer Care Associates, said to News Nation. "We are completely under-investigating this virus," Douglas C. Wallace, a geneticist and evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, said to the Post. "The effects of repeatedly getting this throughout our lives is going to be much more significant than people are thinking."

mentioned study: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10202899/?s=09

[darkmaga-returns]

…here are twenty five more studies that further irrefutably prove vaccines are dangerous, useless, and are directly responsible for the autism epidemic:

A two-phase study evaluating the relationship between Thimerosal-containing vaccine administration and the risk for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in the United States A positive association found between autism prevalence and childhood vaccination uptake across the U.S. population Commentary--Controversies surrounding mercury in vaccines: autism denial as impediment to universal immunisation Methodological issues and evidence of malfeasance in research purporting to show thimerosal in vaccines is safe Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism Hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, NHIS 1997-2002 Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism? What is regressive autism and why does it occur? Is it the consequence of multi-systemic dysfunction affecting the elimination of heavy metals and the ability to regulate neural temperature? A case series of children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic disorders A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism Thimerosal Exposure and the Role of Sulfation Chemistry and Thiol Availability in Autism B-Lymphocytes from a Population of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Siblings Exhibit Hypersensitivity to Thimerosal Theoretical aspects of autism: causes--a review Conjugate vaccines and autism Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning A prospective study of thimerosal-containing Rho(D)-immune globulin administration as a risk factor for autistic disorders Hypothesis: conjugate vaccines may predispose children to autism spectrum disorders The potential importance of steroids in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorders and other disorders involving mercury toxicity Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children Cultured lymphocytes from autistic children and non-autistic siblings up-regulate heat shock protein RNA in response to thimerosal challenge A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1 The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism Transcriptomic analyses of neurotoxic effects in mouse brain after intermittent neonatal administration of thimerosal Causal relationship between vaccine induced immunity and autism Elevated levels of measles antibodies in children with autism Subtle DNA changes and the overuse of vaccines in autism What is regressive autism and why does it occur? Is it the consequence of multi-systemic dysfunction affecting the elimination of heavy metals and the ability to regulate neural temperature?

[heardatmedschool]

Update: thanks to (booster) vaccination, my anti-Hepatitis B antibodies are now positive.

I will still complete a new scheme (3 doses + 1 booster), but I can now proceed as (almost) normal.

If [University]’s web page starts working again, that’s it.

[dreaminginthedeepsouth]

Temple Daily Telegraph (1930): The Anti-Vaxxers h/t Robert Scott Horton

* * * *

Robert Kennedy is using anti-polio vaccine advocate to help staff HHS

The New York Times has reported that Robert Kennedy Jr. is using a private attorney to interview candidates for positions at the Department of Health and Human Services. That attorney, Aaron Siri, has filed a petition with the FDA seeking revocation of approval for the polio vaccine. See NYTimes, Kennedy’s Lawyer Has Asked the F.D.A. to Revoke Approval of the Polio Vaccine. (Gift article accessible to all.)

Per the Times, “Siri is also seeking a pause in the federal government approval for vaccines designed to prevent or mitigate tetanus, diphtheria, polio and hepatitis A and B.” Per the Times, Siri is helping “Robert F. Kennedy Jr. pick federal health officials for the incoming Trump administration.”

Siri is an attorney specializing in vaccine lawsuits and filed the petition to revoke approval for the polio vaccine on behalf of a client. Siri also represented Robert Kennedy Jr. during his presidential campaign.

Per the NYTimes,

Mr. Siri has also filed a petition seeking to pause the distribution of 13 other vaccines; challenged, and in some cases quashed, Covid vaccine mandates around the country; sued federal agencies for the disclosure of records related to vaccine approvals; and subjected prominent vaccine scientists to grueling videotaped depositions.

There is no chance that Robert Kennedy Jr. or Aaron Siri will succeed in revoking FDA approval for the polio vaccine. It is possible, however, that they may disrupt federal approval for other vaccines.

The real danger presented by Kennedy’s use of Siri to help pick federal officials is that the pair of vaccine skeptics will fill HHS with anti-vaxxers who will impede or delay approval of new vaccines—like the two Covid vaccines that saved hundreds of thousands of lives during the Covid pandemic.

But Kennedy may have gone too far in his vaccine denialism for Senator Mitch McConnell, who is a victim of childhood polio, which caused permanent disabilities.

McConnell issued a statement that said, in part,

The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives and held out the promise of eradicating a terrible disease. Efforts to undermine public confidence in proven cures are not just uninformed – they’re dangerous. Anyone seeking the Senate’s consent to serve in the incoming Administration would do well to steer clear of even the appearance of association with such efforts.

McConnell’s statement is notable because it warns against “appearance of association with efforts” to undermine the public’s confidence in the polio vaccine. A reasonable interpretation of McConnell’s statement is that Kennedy must cut off his association with Aaron Siri or lose McConnell’s support for Kennedy’s nomination—which could potentially defeat the nomination.

So, that’s the “inside-Washington political take” on Kennedy using a polio anti-vaxxer to help staff the Department of Health and Human Services. But in the real world—where Kennedy’s affiliation with anti-polio vaccine efforts could kill and disable millions of people—Kennedy’s actions could only be described as depraved lunacy.

Sadly, Trump's “Time Magazine Person of the Year” interview included statements by Trump that suggested he was open to “testing” and “canceling” vaccines under Robert Kennedy’s tenure at HHS. See Axios, Trump says "big discussion" over childhood vaccine programs is coming.

It is rare that a cabinet nominee is utterly unqualified. It is rarer still that a cabinet nominee is so unqualified as to represent a imminent threat to the safety and well-being of Americans. And it has never happened in the history of our nation that at least a half dozen nominees exceed the threshold of “imminent threat.”

And yet, somehow, the GOP has lulled Washington into a state of complacency and “politics as usual” reporting over Trump's dangerous nominees.

If the policies of Robert Kennedy Jr. and Aaron Siri are adopted by the federal government, Americans will die of infectious diseases that have been effectively eradicated or controlled by vaccines that are safe and effective.

The fact that the nomination of Robert Kennedy Jr. is still under discussion is unfathomable. The GOP has surrendered to mass delusion. We must not relent in our efforts to demand that our Senators reject Kennedy’s nomination.

[Robert B. Hubbell Newsletter]

[thoughtportal]

What could be causing the rise?

Some scientists posit that the Covid virus itself could be contributing to the higher numbers of cancer diagnoses, especially for those who are suffering from long Covid. "The idea that some viruses can cause or accelerate cancer is hardly new," said the Post. "Scientists have recognized this possibility since the 1960s, and today, researchers estimate 15% to 20% of all cancers worldwide originate from infectious agents such as HPV, Epstein-Barr and hepatitis B." 

Because "infection with SARS-CoV-2 occurs in several organs either directly or indirectly, it is expected that cancer stem cells may develop in multiple organs," said a 2023 study published in the journal Biochimie. Lung, colorectal, pancreatic and oral cancer could particularly be exacerbated. 

While not officially confirmed, the virus is said to cause full-body inflammation. "Inflammation triggers many genetic changes in a genome that can create a propensity of developing cancer in certain individuals," Dr. Kashyap Patel, CEO of Carolina Blood and Cancer Care Associates, said to News Nation. "We are completely under-investigating this virus," Douglas C. Wallace, a geneticist and evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania, said to the Post. "The effects of repeatedly getting this throughout our lives is going to be much more significant than people are thinking."

[stabberghost]

if B. Happy has blood his blood type should be “B positive”…..budumtss🥁

Well he is definitely hepatitis B positive !

[99-wrath]

Haha 69. It's funny because 69ing, or doing 69, is sharing oral sex with your partner; in other words, it’s giving and receiving oral sex at the same time. Oral sex is when people use their mouths to stimulate another person’s genitals. Oral sex on a woman is called “cunnilingus.” On a man it’s called “fellatio.” Anyone — girl or guy — can give or receive oral sex as long as she or he is comfortable with it and wants to engage in in oral sex. Oral sex cannot cause pregnancy. But it can pass on infections, whether the person is giving or receiving genital stimulation. These infections include gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, herpes, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes, and, rarely, HIV and chlamydia. Oral sex is generally less risky for these infections than unprotected vaginal or anal sex, but there is still some risk. Using a barrier can reduce the risks. For safer oral sex, use a condom to cover the penis, or a Sheer Glyde dam, cut-open condom, or plastic wrap to cover the vulva or anus. In reference to the sex position, "69" has become an internet meme, where users will respond to any occurrence of the number with the word "nice" and draw specific attention to it. This means to sarcastically imply that the reference to the sex position was intentional. Because of its association with the sex position and resulting meme, "69" has become known as "the sex number" in certain communities.

[jcsmicasereports]

POFF SHOOTS OF PrEP ( Pre Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV) Clinics by Saraswathi Lakkasani MD in Journal of Clinical Case Reports Medical Images and Health Sciences

Introduction

HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is use of antiretroviral medications to prevent acquisition of HIV infection, in a HIV negative person who has on going risk of acquiring HIV. This strategy has proven effective in several recently published reports. The regimen if used optimally has HIV reduction record of 99%. However, there are several positive unforeseen benefits in this strategy. In this observational study we are presenting some additional benefits we observed in our Prep Clinic.

We are reporting the findings of our on-going PrEP Clinic for your perusal. Saint Michaels Medical Center is a 150 to 200 bedded community hospital, at Newark, New Jersey. We follow more than 200 PrEP clients in our Prep Clinic. We follow the state mandated protocol for induction and follow up.

Observation Results

So far there is no seroconversion to HIV after starting PrEP. Two of our clients had successful full term, normal pregnancies with sero negative healthy babies. Statistically significant number of STI’s (sexually transmitted Infections) were diagnosed and successfully treated and Significant number of unimmunized clients for Hepatitis B and A were identified and immunized. One case of uncontrolled diabetes and one hypercalcemia were identified at the initial visit and referred to the respective specialist. One patient was found to have anal mass, six months into the program, being pursued by colorectal surgeon.

Conclusion

Among the risk groups benefited by PrEP, the use of PrEP has increased by 500%. The average age group of clients falls between 25 to 35 who are in good health and with very few comorbidities who may or may not come to Primary care clinics on regular basis.

PrEP clinics gives an excellent opportunity to detect, diagnose and treat some of the commonly missed but treatable medical issues. The demand will be increasing in future. Our findings may be the tip of an iceberg.

[culturalsillystine]

Haha 69. It's funny because 69ing, or doing 69, is sharing oral sex with your partner; in other words, it’s giving and receiving oral sex at the same time. Oral sex is when people use their mouths to stimulate another person’s genitals. Oral sex on a woman is called “cunnilingus.” On a man it’s called “fellatio.” Anyone — girl or guy — can give or receive oral sex as long as she or he is comfortable with it and wants to engage in in oral sex. Oral sex cannot cause pregnancy. But it can pass on infections, whether the person is giving or receiving genital stimulation. These infections include gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, herpes, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes, and, rarely, HIV and chlamydia. Oral sex is generally less risky for these infections than unprotected vaginal or anal sex, but there is still some risk. Using a barrier can reduce the risks. For safer oral sex, use a condom to cover the penis, or a Sheer Glyde dam, cut-open condom, or plastic wrap to cover the vulva or anus. In reference to the sex position, "69" has become an internet meme, where users will respond to any occurrence of the number with the word "nice" and draw specific attention to it. This means to sarcastically imply that the reference to the sex position was intentional. Because of its association with the sex position and resulting meme, "69" has become known as "the sex number" in certain communities.

Also don't brush your teeth after you perform cunnilingus it can heighten the chance of STIs

[mariacallous]

The European Court of Human Rights, ECHR in Strasbourg on Tuesday ruled that Greece must pay a total of 70,000 euros in damages after HIV-positive women’s personal and medical data was made public.

Eleven women accused Greece of forcing them to undergo a blood test without their consent and of publishing their surnames, photographs and medical data on the police internet site and in the media.

Ten of the applicants were Greek sex workers who had been diagnosed as HIV-positive.

The other applicant was the sister of one of the women. Her photograph and surname were broadcast on the main evening news programme instead of those of her sister, a sex worker who had been diagnosed as HIV-positive.

Five of the 11 since women have died. The ECHR ruled that another woman had presented her complaint after the time limit for doing so had expired, and also ruled that two others had not exhausted the domestic legal remedies available to them.

The damages will be paid to three surviving plantiffs and the children of one of the women who died.

The women were targeted after Minister of Health Andreas Loverdos and Minister for Citizen Protection Michalis Chrysochoidis, members of the interim government led by Lucas Papademos, announced a month before the May 2012 elections that they were bringing in a new measure to protect public health from HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

The new measure, which was based on the Coercive Act of 1940, enabled the authorities to take tough action to check the health status of drug addicts and sex workers.

A few days later, police officers brought in 96 drug-addicted women for forcible medical examinations. Of them, 29 were found to be HIV-positive and were prosecuted for the crime of grievous bodily harm as well as prostitution. Their photos and personal details were published in the press.

In December 2016, all the women were acquitted as there was no evidence that they had sex or had sexual contact with other people without the use of a condom, nor that they were aware of their HIV status.

The coercive provision was abolished by Fotini Skopoulis after he became deputy minister of health, but was reinstated when Adonis Georgiadis became as minister of health. However, it was abolished again by the Panagiotis Kouroumplis, minister of health in the SYRIZA-ANEL government, which was in power from 2015-19.

[rezaimanii]

Reza Imani Iranian talented entrepreneur's Biography + Photos

Reza Imani, a notable figure in the Iranian healthcare landscape, Iranian entrepreneur and founder of Iman Health Life Company. was born on August 15, 1997, in Esfarayen, North Khorasan Province.

Early Life and Education

Reza Imani pursued his nursing studies, obtaining his bachelor's degree in 2019 before transitioning to Tehran. He initiated his career at Parsian Hospital before volunteering at Modarres Hospital in Saadat Abad, Tehran, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, where he devoted his efforts to the ICU COVID-19 ward.

Education and Career

Imani completed his Bachelor's degree in Nursing from Esfarayen University of Medical Sciences. Throughout his academic journey, he engaged in research collaborations with professors, resulting in several published scholarly articles.

He contributed his skills and expertise to various hospitals, including Parsian, Modarres, Taleghani, and the Judiciary Hospital, notably during the challenging times of the COVID-19 crisis. Additionally, Imani held supervisory roles at Nyayesh Neuropsychiatry Hospital, primarily serving veterans of the Iran-Iraq War.

Entrepreneurship and Leadership

In 2021, Reza Imani established the Iman Health Life Company, a prominent healthcare entity operating in treatment, education, and service sectors, employing over 100 individuals.

Research and Publications

Imani authored the book "First Aid for Everyone" and contributed to several scholarly articles, including:

"The Position of Traditional Medicine in Islam and Existing Perspectives" (2016)

"Investigating Nursing Students' Attitudes and Medical Emergency Priorities Regarding the ASCI Exam" (2016)

"The Impact of Clinical Experiences on Answering Questions in the Nursing Master's Entrance Exam" (2017)

"Assessing the Level of Safety Against Hepatitis B in New Entrant Students Before Clinical Entry" (2018)

Advocacy and Community Engagement

Since 2020, Reza Imani has been an advocate for nursing professionals' rights, actively campaigning for improved working conditions and rights for hospital nurses.

In 2022, he co-founded the Nursing Appreciation Association and Coalition, a significant initiative dedicated to advocating for healthcare personnel. Furthermore, in 2023, Imani ran as a candidate in the country's nursing system elections under the Nursing Appreciation Coalition.

Professional Responsibilities

Founder of Iman Health Company

Founder of the Health Life Scientific and Practical Academy

Founder of five wound and ostomy clinics in Greater Tehran

Founder of two Zagil treatment clinics in Greater Tehran

Founder of the Health Life online shop specializing in wound and skin products

Exclusive distributor of Iranian Light Therapy devices

Nurse at Parsian, Modarres, Taleghani, and Judiciary Hospitals

Supervisor at Nyayesh Neuropsychiatry Hospital

Reza Imani's journey reflects a profound commitment to healthcare, entrepreneurship, and advocacy, demonstrating his dedication to societal well-being.

Resources

https://en.wikialpha.org/wiki/Reza_Imani

[taimoorkhan]

Myocarditis in Emergency Practice

Myocarditis, an inflammatory condition affecting the heart's myocardial tissues, is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death and dilated cardiomyopathy. With diverse etiologies ranging from viral and immune-mediated causes to toxic exposures, diagnosing and managing myocarditis can be challenging. In this blog post, we will explore the important points regarding the etiology, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnostic testing, and treatment options for myocarditis, with a focus on the perspective of emergency physicians.

Myocarditis can be caused by infectious agents (bacterial, parasitic, viral), immune-mediated conditions, and toxic exposures. Viral causes include enteroviruses, influenza, hepatitis viruses, HIV, herpes viruses, and Parvo B-19. Immune-mediated causes include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, and giant cell types. Toxic agents such as doxorubicin, antiretroviral medications, clozapine, and cocaine can also trigger myocarditis.

Myocarditis follows a three-step process. In the acute phase, infectious, autoimmune, or toxic agents directly damage cardiac myocytes. Subsequent myocyte destruction triggers immune system activation and secondary inflammation. In the later stages, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myocytes themselves, leading to progressive myocardial damage.

Myocarditis presents with a wide range of symptoms, necessitating a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis. Symptoms may include dyspnea, palpitations, orthopnea, and chest pain. Dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom, while chest pain can vary from pleuritic to anginal. Patients may exhibit symptoms of congestive heart failure, ranging from fatigue and peripheral edema to cardiovascular collapse. Skin manifestations can be present in cases triggered by medication exposure.

Diagnostic testing for myocarditis overlaps with other cardiopulmonary evaluations. Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities, such as sinus tachycardia, ST-segment elevations, T-wave inversions, AV blocks, widened QRS durations, or prolonged QT intervals, may be observed. Troponin assays may be elevated, but their absence does not rule out myocarditis. Additional blood tests, including CBC, CRP, and ESR, are often abnormal but nonspecific. Imaging studies like chest radiography and echocardiography can provide valuable information.

TThe treatment of myocarditis primarily focuses on supportive care to prevent further damage to the heart. Stabilizing the patient's ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) is the priority. Supplemental oxygen and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation may be required for hypoxia or pulmonary edema. Heart failure therapy, including diuretics and nitroglycerin, can be administered if systemic perfusion allows. Cardiac dysrhythmias may necessitate treatment with antidysrhythmic medications. Antimicrobial therapy is required for cases associated with bacterial or parasitic infections. In severe cases, advanced interventions such as intra-aortic balloon pumps, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or ventricular assist devices (VADs) may be necessary.

Myocarditis presents a complex diagnostic and management challenge for emergency physicians. The diverse etiologies, varied clinical presentations, and overlapping diagnostic tests make timely diagnosis crucial. Supportive care, stabilization, and targeted interventions are key elements of treatment. While further research is needed to refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, understanding the etiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment options can aid emergency physicians in effectively managing myocarditis cases.

[wisdomfish]

Unnatural: ‘The Ugly Truth About Gay Male Sex’

According to the CDC:

“Anal sex is the riskiest type of sex for getting or transmitting HIV.”

Causes “immunosuppression…” …the immunosuppression in homosexual males that is reported even in apparently healthy or HTLV-III-antibody-negative groups may arise from seminal PGE2 received during anal intercourse. “Prostaglandin E2 administered via anus causes immunosuppression in male but not female rats: a possible pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in homosexual males.” S Kuno, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr; 83(8): 2682–2683.

Gay sex is always getting kinkier and more violent:

There is a rising trend in high risk sexual behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM), with concomitant use of recreational drugs. Activities include fisting and unprotected anal intercourse with a partner who is HIV serodiscordant or of unknown status. “Sexual trauma associated with fisting and recreational drugs.” Cohen CE, Giles A, Nelson M. Sex Transm Infect. 2004 Dec;80(6):469-70.

Gay marriage is no safeguard against HIV:

Over 50% of HIV transmissions in US gay men are from main sexual partners. “Estimating the proportion of HIV transmissions from main sex partners among men who have sex with men in five US cities.” Sullivan PS et al. AIDS 23 (online edition), 2009.

Besides HIV, gay sex causes homosexual men to be at an increased susceptibility for a variety of sexually transmitted diseases:

Compared with other sexually active adults, men who have sex with men (MSM) are more frequently infected with several pathogens including cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus…MSM in a San Francisco population-based cohort were interviewed regarding use of saliva by the insertive partner as a lubricant in various anal sexual practices. Among 283 MSM, 87% used saliva as a lubricant in insertive or receptive penile-anal intercourse or fingering/fisting at some point during their lifetime; 31%-47% did so, depending upon the act, in the prior 6 months. “Use of Saliva as a Lubricant in Anal Sexual Practices Among Homosexual Men” Lisa M Butler, et al. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50(2):162-7 • February 2009

The majority of gay men engage in anal sex; and there is no right way to do it:

In the United States alone, receptive anal intercourse is practiced in up to 90 percent of gay and other men who have sex with men, according to International Rectal Microbicides Advocates…In one study involving nearly 900 men and women in Baltimore and Los Angeles, the researchers found that those who used lubricants were three times more likely to have rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Another study that subjected popular over-the-counter and mail-order lubricants to rigorous laboratory tests discovered that many of the products were toxic to cells and rectal tissue. “Use of lubricants with anal sex could increase risk of HIV.” Microbicides 2010 (International Conference on Microbicides) May 25, 2010

If you are a heterosexual male, your likelihood of contracting HIV is relatively small:

Over the 6 years there were 33,681 HIV tests performed on men, of which 17,958 tests were for heterosexual men. From these heterosexual men, nine tested positive for the first time…These nine cases included six men who had had sex with a female partner from the following countries: Thailand, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Botswana and South Africa. Two men had injected drugs and one had a HIV-positive female partner. “HIV is rare among low-risk heterosexual men and significant potential savings could occur through phone results.” Bush MR et al. Sex Health. 2010 Dec;7(4):495-7

Young gay men are more likely to contract HIV from their older male partners:

…the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has shown a resurgence of the HIV epidemic particularly in young MSM…MSM participants with recent HIV infection reported having sex with older partners. “A Major HIV Risk Factor for Young Men Who Have Sex With Men Is Sex With Older Partners” Brian J. Coburn, PhD and Sally Blower, PhD J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;54:113–114

A majority of gay men do not regularly practice “safe-sex:”

Among men whose most recent sexual encounter was with a main partner, 83% reported having anal sex, and 49% reported having anal sex without a condom during that encounter. Among men whose most recent sexual encounter was with a casual partner, 68% reported having anal sex, and 24% reported having anal sex without a condom during that encounter. “HIV Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System Men Who Have Sex with Men” 20 U.S. Cities, 2011

Young gay men are more likely than heterosexuals to engage in sex with an older partner:

Over one-half (52.0%) of MSM aged 18–24 reported a recent male anal sex partner who was >5 years older…By contrast, only 7.9% of heterosexual men and 10.0% of heterosexual women in this age group reported a recent partner who was >5 years older. “A comparison of sexual behavior patterns among men who have sex with men and heterosexual men and women” Sara Nelson Glick, et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 May 1; 60(1): 83–90.

Sexually transmitted diseases among gay men are becoming antibiotic resistant:

Among 79 cases of Shigella sonnei, 56 occurred in HIV-infected MSM, while 23 were observed in HIV-negative MSM. High resistance rates (>90 %) were found for doxycycline, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, all cephalosporins of first and second generations tested, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In total, 54 % of cases were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Compared to negative subjects, HIV-infected MSM had a significantly higher rate of quinolone resistance. “High rates of quinolone-resistant strains of Shigella sonnei in HIV-infected MSM” C. Hoffmann, et al. Infection. October 2013, Volume 41, Issue 5, pp 999–1003

More gay men are having unprotected anal intercourse:

Unprotected anal sex at least once in the past 12 months increased from 48% in 2005 to 57% in 2011. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) HIV Testing and Risk Behaviors Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States November 29, 2013 / 62(47);958-962

A majority of gay men report more than two recent sex partners:

In the last ninety days, 32.7% men reported no sexual partners, 25.8% reported one-to-two sexual partners, and 41.5% reported more than two sexual partners. Most men reported meeting their sexual partners both online and offline. Most MSM (69.4%) reported less than two unprotected anal sex male partners in the last 90 days, while 73.1% reported protected anal sex with one or more men. The products most commonly used for douching – water, soap, and saline — are those, which laboratory and clinical studies have identified as damaging the epithelium. Thus, douching appears a candidate behavior that may plausibly influence both HIV and other STI transmission among MSM. “Enema Use among Men who have Sex with Men: A behavioral epidemiologic study with implications for HIV/STI prevention” Syed W Noor and Simon Rosser Arch Sex Behav. 2014 May; 43(4): 755–769.

Gonorrhea and chlamydia are becoming antibiotic resistant in gay men:

Extragenital GC/CT was common among MSM attending STD clinics…Of MSM tested, 11.1% tested positive for urogenital GC, 7.9% for pharyngeal GC, 10.2% for rectal GC, 8.4% for urogenital CT, 2.9% for pharyngeal CT, and 14.1% for rectal CT. “Extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and infection among men who have sex with men–STD Surveillance Network, United States, 2010-2012.” Patton ME, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jun;58(11):1564-70.

Younger gay men are likely to have an older first-time lover:

The median age was 19 years. The median age at first insertive or receptive anal intercourse was 17 years. Half of men reported sex with mainly older men: these men were more likely to engage in receptive anal intercourse (48% vs. 25%) than other men. Most men had engaged in insertive (87%) and receptive (85%) anal intercourse in the prior 12 months with 60% and 53% reporting inconsistent condom use with insertive and receptive anal intercourse partners, respectively. “Sexual behaviors and risk for sexually transmitted infections among teenage men who have sex with men.” Zou H, et al. J Adolesc Health. 2014 Aug;55(2):247-53.

Condom use does not guarantee safety:

Among Ontario MSM in 2009, an estimated 92,963 HIV-negative men had 1,184,343 episodes of anal sex with a condom and 117,133 anal sex acts without a condom with an HIV-positive partner. Of the 693 new HIV infections, 51% were through anal sex with a condom, 33% anal sex without a condom and 16% oral sex. “HIV Transmission among Men Who Have Sex with Men due to Condom Failure” Robert S. Remis, et al. Published: September 11, 2014

Oral sex isn’t a “safer” alternative:

…oral sex has an important role in sustaining gonorrhea in a population of MSM by providing a pool of untreated asymptomatic infection. “Oral and Anal Sex Are Key to Sustaining Gonorrhoea at Endemic Levels in MSM Populations: A Mathematical Model” B Hui, et al. Sex Transm Infect 91 (5), 365-369. 2015 Jan 16.

Although the risks of receptive anal sex are well known, gay men continue to engage in such behaviors:

70% of MSM reported receptive anal intercourse at least once in the past 3 months… “Consistency of Condom Use During Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Women and Men Who Have Sex With Men: Findings From the Safe in the City Behavioral Study.” DʼAnna LH, et al. Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Jul;42(7):393-9.

Difficult to treat chronic diarrhea has been reported in gay men:

Shigella flexneri is an emerging pathogen in men who have sex with men; recent outbreaks related to sexual practices have been noted in this population in the UK and other developed countries. While majority of cases of Shigellosis present with gastroenteritis, some vulnerable patients with underlying immunosuppression can get complications like bacteraemia and may present atypically as an acute surgical emergency. “Invasive shigellosis in MSM.” Serafino Wani RL, et al. Int J STD AIDS. 2015 Oct 1.

Anal sex causes incontinence:

The findings support the assessment of anal intercourse as a factor contributing to fecal incontinence in adults, especially among men.” “Anal Intercourse and Fecal Incontinence: Evidence from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.” Markland AD, et al. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan 12.

HPV, a sexually transmitted disease typically found in women, is epidemic in the gay male community:

Anal HPV was highly prevalent in MSM (HIV positive, 88% and HIV negative, 78%). “A prospective study of anal cancer screening in HIV positive and negative men who have sex with men; results of Analogy.” Schofield AM, et al. AIDS. 2016 Feb 1.

A majority of HIV+ gay men have experienced some form of anal trauma:

75% of the men had abnormal anal cytological/histological results. 41% presented with low-grade, 24% with high-grade anal dysplasia… “The male ScreenING Study: prevalence of HPV-related genital and anal lesions in an urban cohort of HIV-positive men in Germany.” Fuchs W, et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016 Feb 1.

35% of gay men have a sexually transmitted infection:

One third (35%) were positive for STI. STI prevalence was significantly associated with using sex slings, felching, group sex, fisting, anonymous sex, and sex toys. HIV prevalence was 17% and was significantly associated with fisting, felching, enemas, and group sex. “Beyond Anal Sex: Sexual Practices of Men Who Have Sex With Men and Associations With HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections.” Rice CE, et al. J Sex Med. 2016 Feb 4.

Gay men have increased prevalence of antibiotic resistant gonorrhea:

A total of 5,093 isolates were collected in 2014. Of these, 25.3% were resistant to tetracycline, 19.2% to ciprofloxacin, and 16.2% to penicillin (plasmid-based, chromosomal, or both)… The percentage of isolates resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, or all three antimicrobials, was greater in isolates from MSM than from MSW. “Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance – The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 27 Sites, United States, 2014.” Kirkcaldy RD, et al. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2016 Jul 15;65(7):1-19.

Younger gay men are less likely to practice “safe-sex;” but are more likely to use drugs:

When compared to MSM 50 years or older (HIV prevalence 2.5%), significantly higher rates of unprotected anal intercourse, bacterial STI and stimulant substance use were reported among young MSM, whereas total number of partners during the last 12 months did not differ. While higher rates of stimulant substance use may explain the higher rates of condomless anal sex among young MSM, the observation of a recent study that condom use errors and problems, such as breakage and slippage were very common among young MSM… “HIV Infection Rates and Risk Behavior among Young Men undergoing community-based Testing in San Diego” Martin Hoenigl et al. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 25927.

In the US, 60% of syphilis cases were in 2% of the general population – gay men:

In men, sores can occur on or around the penis, around the anus or in the rectum, or in or around the mouth. These sores can be painless, so it is possible to have them and not notice them. Correct use of condoms can reduce the risk of syphilis if the condom covers the sores. However, sometimes sores occur in areas not covered by a condom. It is still possible to get syphilis from contact with these sores Syphilis & MSM (Men Who Have Sex With Men) – CDC Fact Sheet (January 2017)

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Tips for travelers for Congo:

Tips for travelers for Congo:

If you are planning to travel to Congo, here are some tips to help ensure a safe and enjoyable trip:

Check travel advisories: Before your trip, review the travel advisories issued by your country's government or relevant authorities. These advisories provide important information about safety, security, and health concerns in Congo.

Obtain necessary vaccinations: Make sure you are up to date on routine vaccines and consider getting additional vaccinations recommended for travel to Congo. These may include vaccines for yellow fever, typhoid, hepatitis A and B, meningitis, and others. Consult with a healthcare professional or travel clinic for personalized advice.

Obtain the required visa and travel documents: Check the visa requirements for your nationality and ensure you have a valid passport with at least six months of validity remaining. Apply for the appropriate visa well in advance to allow for processing time.

Research local customs and etiquette: Familiarize yourself with the local customs, traditions, and etiquette in Congo. Respect the local culture, dress modestly, and be mindful of social norms to avoid unintentionally causing offense.

Pack appropriate clothing and essentials: Congo has a tropical climate, so pack lightweight, breathable clothing suitable for warm and humid conditions. Don't forget essentials such as sunscreen, insect repellent, a hat, comfortable walking shoes, and any necessary medications.

Stay informed about security: Keep yourself updated on the security situation in the areas you plan to visit. Register your travel plans with your embassy or consulate and follow their recommendations regarding safety precautions and potential risks.

Use reputable accommodation and transportation: Choose reputable hotels, guesthouses, or lodges with good security measures. When using transportation, opt for reliable and licensed services. Be cautious of sharing personal information and belongings with strangers.

Respect wildlife and natural environments: Congo is known for its rich biodiversity and natural beauty. Respect wildlife and natural habitats by observing animals from a distance, refraining from littering, and following responsible tourism practices.

Learn basic local phrases: Learning a few basic phrases in the local language, such as greetings and polite expressions, can go a long way in fostering positive interactions with locals and showing cultural appreciation.

Practice safety precautions: Maintain general safety precautions such as keeping a close eye on your belongings, avoiding isolated or poorly lit areas at night, and being cautious with your personal safety.

Stay informed about health risks: Stay informed about health risks in Congo and take necessary precautions. Drink bottled water, consume properly cooked food, and practice good hygiene to minimize the risk of water and food borne illnesses.https://www.aecglobal.com.au/

Engage in responsible tourism: Respect the environment, local communities, and cultural heritage. Support local businesses and artisans, and be mindful of the impact your actions have on the local ecosystem and communities.

Remember that these tips provide general guidance, and it's important to conduct thorough research and consult official sources for the most up-to-date and accurate information before your trip to Congo.

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What Every Mom-to-be Should Know About Essential Pregnancy Tests?

Pregnancy is an exciting journey, but it also comes with a lot of questions, especially when it comes to health. If you're a mom-to-be, understanding the importance of essential pregnancy tests is key. These tests help ensure that both you and your baby are healthy and progressing well. 

Let’s break it down and make things simple. Here’s everything you need to know about essential pregnancy tests and how they fit into your journey.

Why are pregnancy tests important?

Pregnancy tests aren’t just routine checkups; they provide critical insights into your health and your baby’s development. They help detect any potential issues early, ensuring that doctors can address them in time. From identifying genetic conditions to tracking your baby’s growth, these tests guide your pregnancy care plan.

Key pregnancy tests every mom-to-be should know

1. First trimester tests (Weeks 1–12)

Your first trimester is a crucial time when your baby’s development kicks off. Early tests often focus on understanding your overall health and checking for potential complications. Some common tests include:

Blood and urine tests: These check for your hemoglobin levels, blood type, sugar levels, and infections like HIV, hepatitis, or syphilis. They also confirm your pregnancy and check hormone levels.

Ultrasound (dating scan): The dating scan is usually done around 6–8 weeks to confirm your pregnancy and estimate your due date.

NT scan and double marker test: This test, done between 11 and 13 weeks, checks for chromosomal abnormalities like Down Syndrome.

It’s also a good time to start focusing on your physical and mental health. Many moms find activities like online prenatal yoga classes helpful during this stage, as they can ease early pregnancy discomforts like fatigue and nausea.

2. Second trimester tests (Weeks 13–28)

By now, you’ll be more settled into your pregnancy, but testing doesn’t stop. The second trimester focuses on monitoring the baby’s development and checking for any structural abnormalities. Key tests include:

Quadruple marker test: This test assesses the risk of certain birth defects and chromosomal abnormalities.

Anomaly scan (level 2 ultrasound): Done between 18–20 weeks, this detailed ultrasound checks your baby’s organs, spine, brain, and heart. It’s a very important test that ensures your baby is developing as expected.

Glucose tolerance test (GTT): This test screens for gestational diabetes, a condition that can develop during pregnancy and requires careful management.

During this trimester, you might also experience back pain or swelling. Joining online pregnancy yoga classes can help with these discomforts while also preparing your body for delivery.

3. Third trimester tests (Weeks 29–40)

The third trimester is all about preparing for delivery and ensuring that everything is on track for a healthy birth. Common tests during this time include:

Growth scan: This ultrasound checks your baby’s size, position, and overall growth.

Non-stress test (NST): This test monitors your baby’s heartbeat and movements to ensure your baby is thriving.

Group B streptococcus (GBS) test: This test detects a common bacteria that could be passed to your baby during delivery. If positive, antibiotics will be given during labor to prevent infection.

In addition to medical tests, focus on your physical and mental preparation for labor. Breathing exercises, stretching, and relaxation techniques—often part of prenatal yoga classes—can help you feel more confident about the upcoming delivery.

How yoga and self-care can complement testing

Pregnancy tests are important, but taking care of your overall health is just as critical. Yoga is a great way to stay active and manage the physical and emotional challenges of pregnancy. Most pregnant women prefer online prenatal yoga classes because they offer flexibility and expert guidance from the comfort of home. These classes are especially helpful if you live in an area where in-person options are limited or prefer avoiding travel during pregnancy.

Online yoga sessions focus on safe poses, breathing exercises, and relaxation techniques that are perfect for each trimester. Whether you’re dealing with back pain, stress, or fatigue, these classes can help you stay balanced and healthy.

Final thoughts

Essential pregnancy tests are your guide to a safe and healthy pregnancy. They give your doctor the information needed to ensure your baby is growing well and to catch any potential problems early. As a mom-to-be, staying informed about the right tests at the right time will help you feel confident and prepared.

At the same time, remember to focus on self-care. Activities like yoga, good nutrition, and adequate rest are just as important as medical checkups. Consider joining online pregnancy yoga classes to stay active and prepare your body for labor. By combining regular testing with healthy habits, you can enjoy a smoother and more comfortable pregnancy journey.

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