#hepatica americana

[continent-of-wild-endeavor]

Hello, hepatica!

[vandaliatraveler]

Round-lobed hepatica (Hepatica Anemone americana), one of the earliest-blooming and most beautiful of Central Appalachia’s spring wildflowers, blooms so quickly in late March to early April the flowers are gone before most people notice them. But the plant’s leathery, thrice-lobed leaves persist throughout the year, even through winter. The leaves reminded early mountain folk of the human liver- thus its other common name, liverleaf. Another species - sharp-lobed hepatica (Hepatica Anemone acutiloba) - also occurs locally. You can search from the main blog page for prior posts of both species.

[tintinntabuli]

The myth of the “wild-type” or “straight species”

Guest Rant by Joseph Tychonievich

There has been a lot of discussion in gardening circles about “nativars.” Is the term useful? How is it defined? The latest surge of comment coming from this generally excellent article in the Washington Post.

But there is a concept that gets thrown around in all these discussions that makes me want to scream: That is the idea of a “wild type” or “straight species.” This is generally put forward in contrast to cultivars, the idea being that they are the species as it is in the wild, untouched by human hands.

Here’s the problem.

There is no such thing as a singular wild type or straight species. Wild plants – and all other organisms – do not exist in a single form, they are genetically diverse and variable populations, each individual different. So every single plant you purchase or grow, whether it has a cultivar name attached to it or not, is a selected form. Maybe it was selected because a nursery owner thought it had unusually beautiful or interesting flowers. Or maybe it was selected just because it happened to grow in a meadow where a plant propagator got permission to collect seeds one sunny late summer day.

If you think this is all academic nitpicking, let’s give a concrete example.

Here is a photo of one of my favorite native plants, Hepatica americana. I adore this plant and seek it out everywhere I can every spring. Which one is the wild type? White? Light blue? Dark blue? I can tell you that all these color forms are very common. Sometimes I’ll visit one park and find a population of nearly all blues, then drive just 20 minutes up the road to another woodland and find population that is entirely white, and other times all growing mixed up together like this. Less often, I’ll find pinks, but they’re not that rare; I pretty consistently find a pink or two every large population I’ve seen. Which form will you get if you purchase “wild type” or “straight species” Hepatica americana? Who knows. You will get some selection from natural diversity with no cultivar name attached; you just don’t get any information about what the selection is.

‘Jeana’ phlox at Mt. Cuba Center

This reality plays out in very weird ways. Every thoughtful article I’ve read about nativars cites Mt. Cuba Center’s excellent research on how attractive different varieties are to pollinators and specifically mentions the cultivar Phlox paniculata ‘Jeana’. Here’s how the Washington Post article describes it: “Another surprise nativar standout was Phlox paniculata ‘Jeana’, which outperformed the species “by a huge margin,” Hoadley says.”

Let’s unpack that. By “the species” they mean a Phlox paniculata selection from the wild with no cultivar name attached. In contrast to ‘Jeana’ which is… wait for it… ALSO a selection of Phlox paniculata from the wild. And, because ‘Jeana’ does have a name, it is easy to google and find out that it was first collected by a woman named Jeana Prewitt, who found it growing along the Harpeth River in Nashville, Tennessee.

In other words, the comparison here is not between a wild plant and man-made hybrid; it is between two selections from the wild, one of which we have some information about because it was given a name, and the other about which we know nothing because no one bothered to name it.

Now, of course, not all cultivars are wild selections. Some are complex hybrids, significantly modified by years of active work by plant breeders. But it is easy to differentiate between a selection from the wild, like Phlox ‘Jeana’, and a man-made hybrid, like Phlox ‘Fashionably Early Flamingo’, because they have names attached. Names we can look up to get more information about how they were created. Names that let places like Mt. Cuba compare them and give us all useful information about how many pollinators they attract.

Keeping cultivar names attached to plants isn’t just useful for helping pollinators. Sometimes it is key information about how a plant will – or won’t – perform in your garden. My beloved Hepatica americana has wild populations around me in northern Indiana, and the range extends from the Florida panhandle and all the way up into Ontario. That means most gardeners in the eastern half of North America can grow this wonderful little wildflower, but if the nursery just lists it as “the straight species” who knows what you’ll get. It could be a selection from your part of the country, or it could be one from a far extreme of the range that is going to suffer horribly in your conditions.

So we need more “nativars” in the world. More names. More background on how and where and why a plant was selected. And we need to stop pretending that a plant without a cultivar name attached is anything other than a plant about which we don’t have very much information.

‘Jeana’ photo source.

Joseph Tychonievich is the author of “The Comic Book Guide to Growing Food” and several other gardening books. He lives and gardens in northern Indiana.

The myth of the “wild-type” or “straight species” originally appeared on GardenRant on March 2, 2024.

The post The myth of the “wild-type” or “straight species” appeared first on GardenRant.

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[geopsych]

Two shades of hepatica. There is also a white variation.

[uswildflowers]

Hepatica acutiloba

Please check out our website here: http://lakesideendeavors.com/growwild/

[rock-cedar-mosquito]

First wildflowers of the season! Round lobed hepatica (Anemone americana), Carolina spring beauty (Claytonia caroliniana), and Dutchman’s breeches (Dicentra cucullaria). The trout lilies are looking promising too.

[nutmegnautilus]

Inktober Day 9 - Round-lobed Hepatica (Anemone americana)

Due to the variety of altitudes we visited, I got to see this one in a few different stages of its life style, which was neat. It had really recognizable leaves too, so every time  I saw it, I’d point it out excitedly.

[photorator]

Anemone americana - Round-lobed Hepatica in the Baraboo Hills WI

[cedar-glade]

Not as common to see in bloom this time of year, (March and early April), when compared to the similar blue or white blooms of Hepatica acutiloba; It's still a species I would keep a lookout for just for fun.

Round Leaf Hepatica

Anemone americana or Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (more accepted atm)

Growing in the sand bank along one of the many tributaries feeding the Copperas Creek, RRG, KY.

[clinicalherbalist]

Round lobed hepatica (Anemone americana), a memeber of the buttercup family. Its leaves are liver colored in winter, which can remind you that it is a liver herb in appalachian medicine. Like other members of the buttercup family, it contains alkaloids that are very bitter and provocative to the liver (and presumably poisonous in large doses). It’s a powerful laxative that causes movement of a lot of green bile. This is seldom what i am going for in my clinical practice, so i don’t use it much at all. But that sort of drastic remedy used to be more in fashion than it is now. The little round leaves around it are partridgeberry (Mitchella repens), which is a gentle tonic for the endocrine system, especially in women. I use it pretty often. It is a woodland perrenial that is not cultivated, so it should only be gathered by people who are familiar with and can carefully monitor the population of the stand it is growing in. . . . . #leaves #plantmedicine #wildmedicine #earthmedicine #naturalremedy #herbalism #appalachia https://www.instagram.com/p/Btg6-y9Bqu8/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=19een3lrlxkvo

[continent-of-wild-endeavor]

[vandaliatraveler]

NC-WV is finally enjoying a dry, sunny spring weekend after weeks of near nonstop, flooding rain. That was all the incentive I needed to take my first long hike of the spring at Coopers Rock State Forest. The wildflower progression on top of Chestnut Ridge is running about 2 weeks behind that at lower elevations, but there were plenty of early spring beauties on display this afternoon. From top: Allegheny serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis); long-spurred violet (Viola rostrata); halberd-leaved yellow violet (Viola hastata); downy rattlesnake plantain (Goodyera pubescens); trailing arbutus (Epigaea repens), which is not herbaceous but a mat-forming, evergreen shrub in the health family; broadleaf toothwort (Cardamine diphylla), also known as two-leaf toothwort; and round-lobed hepatica (Hepatica americana), which prefers drier woods than sharp-lobed hepatica (Hepatica acutiloba), which I typically find growing on the rocky, calcareous slopes along the Monongahela River.

[47015741]

Round-Lobed Hepatica (Anemone americana) (5/10/13) Northern Minnesota

[mbsposts]

20190403  Stone Mountain State Park North Carolina

Hepatica or  Round Lobe Liverleaf   Hepatica americana

[geopsych]

Some hepatica leaves from that visit to the lake woods. Glad I went before the snow!

[wallpapernifty]

Ten Features Of Purple Trillium That Make Everyone Love It | Purple Trillium

I adulation wildflowers. Appropriate now several breed are blooming in my woods, and others are on their way. They are a affected smile afore the austere affair of summer blossoms in the capital gardens. But afterwards winter, they are admired as abundant as the assured peonies and ablaze poppies that will arise later.

One of my favorites is Trillium. That is both a accurate name and a accepted name, admitting the accepted wine red species, Trillium erectum, is additionally alleged Purple Trillium, Wake-robin and Stinking Benjamin. It does best in ablaze adumbration and acerb soils. Its annual has three petals and stands up aloft the foliage. As it matures over the years, the clumps get bigger. A accompanying species, T. grandiflorum — or white trillium — is agnate in looks, but with white petals that achromatize to pink. It’s actual lovely.

Another admired of abundance is Jack-in-the Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum). The annual has a awning over a “preacher” that is hidden inside. It is advised so that little flies will clamber bottomward central the flower, pollinating it as they go. It has both macho and changeable parts, but alone one or the added are abundant at a time to anticipate self-pollination. They abound able-bodied in woodlands, in abysmal affluent acerbic soil. As the plants abound older, they get larger, sometimes extensive two anxiety tall.

Hepatica is one of the ancient wildflowers to blossom in my woods. The accepted name, Hepatica, is additionally the accurate name, admitting there are two agnate species: H. acutiloba or Sharp-lobed Hepatica, and H. americana or Round-lobed Hepatica.

Hepatica grows in ablaze shade, and does best with a few hours of

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