#heidi karlsson

[cocktailsfairytales]

✨ NEW RELEASE ✨

Happy Release Day to Heidi McLaughlin!

She releases her highly anticipated next book with Montlake!

Heartbreak Hill is now available exclusively with Amazon and read FREE with a Kindle Unlimited subscription.

Grab today ➜ https://bit.ly/3TEednP

Book Blurb:

From the author of Before I’m Gone comes an intensely affecting romance about love, loss, and second chances, sure to elicit a good ugly cry.

Grayson Caballero sees the glass half-empty. Born with a life-threatening heart defect, he’s been living on borrowed time. The uncertainty of tomorrow makes him push people away, helping Grayson to avoid any real commitment.

Then he meets Reid Sullivan and falls madly in love. The two work together at the Wold Collective, Grayson as a project manager and Reid in HR. They even live in the same apartment complex. But Grayson continues to keep his distance, despite their obvious attraction. And Reid’s not interested in waiting around.

When Grayson collapses at a basketball game, Reid learns he’s been keeping secrets from her. Now his life hangs in the balance…and a stranger from Boston holds the key to his survival.

Nadia Karlsson makes a life-changing decision after her husband, Rafe, is involved in a tragic accident near Harvard Square. Her choice will unwittingly alter the course of Grayson’s future—and tie his fate unexpectedly to her own.

#BAPpr #HeidiMcLaughlin #ReleaseBlitz

[marleneoftheopera]

Opinion for the LND Hamburg Christine’s?

Rachel Anne Moore (principal): Glorious, rich voice. Gorgeous in costume. From the clips I saw she acted the heck out of the role too.

Jazmin Gorsline (alternate): To me, a pretty standard LND Christine voice. Nothing super special for me, but enjoyable nonethless. Looked nice in costume.

Heidi Karlsson (u/s): Pretty much the same as Jazmin. I thought at times her voice was a little bit more like Rachel's, but not as strong. Still enjoyable.

Jessie Roggemann (u/s): I believe she went on as Christine, but the audio we have of her is when Heidi went on but lost her voice, so the audience saw Heidi but heard Jessie sing from backstage. She had a very nice voice and richer I think. More like Rachel's.

Milica Jovanovic (emergency cover/u/s): Loved her in the Vienna concert. So happy that she got to do the show with the entire staging. Sounded and looked lovely.

If I were to put them in order from love to good, I would say: Rachel Anne Moore, Milica Jovanovic, Jessie Roggermann, Heidi Karlsson, Jazmin Gorsline.

[junkyard-gifs]

They seem to be very good friends... 👀

Heidi Karlsson and Jared Johnson, Oasis/RCCL cast 5 (2017).

[emeraldskulblaka]

~ Heidi Karlsson as Evita - photography by Julian Freyberg ~

[cabaretdaily]

A beautiful cover of "Maybe This Time" by Heidi Karlsson, a Swedish singer mostly known for her roles in Love Never Dies and Cats

[indianasolo221]

Heidi Karlsson as Babygriz, Ian Laskowski as Munkustrap.

[jellicle-home-for-jellicle-ships]

okay but consider:

Tugger and Babygriz as siblings.

(Does that make regular Grizabella their mother? Very possibly! Or is regular Grizabella his sister who’s just aged up a bit? or are chorus Tugger and Babygriz the kids of regular Tugger? and/or regular Griz? so many angst possibilities.)

And of course you can factor Munkustrap into this if you like:

Photos:

Marcquelle Ward and Beverley Knight, London revival 2014.

Clarissa Grace and... somebody! Hamburg, somewhere between 1986 and 1999.

Ian Laskowski and Heidi Karlsson, RCCL cast 5

[thirdplanet]

Ian Laskowski as Munkustrap and Heidi Karlsson as Young Grizabella

[ange-de-la-musique]

A complete list of actors who have performed in both Cats and Phantom.

I’ve done my best to research performers who have had roles in both but if you know I’m missing someone just let me know!

Christine Daaé

Sarah Brightman (Jemima)

Sara Jean Ford (Jellylorum)

Sara Sarres (Jellylorum)

Celia Graham (Jellylorum/Griddlebone)

Marni Raab (Jellylorum/Griddlebone)

Megan Ort (Jellylorum/Griddlebone, Grizabella)

Maree Johnson (Grizabella)

Soo Hyun Kim (Victoria)

Dodie Pettit (swing, Etcetera, Jellylorum, Jennyanydots, Sillabub, Victoria)

Joke de Kruijf (swing, Sillabub, Victoria, Cassandra, Tantomile, Jennyanydots, Jellylorum/Griddlebone)

LND Christine de Chagny

Louise Fribo (Jemima, Demeter, Rumpleteazer, swing)

Celia Graham (Jellylorum/Griddlebone)

Heidi Karlsson (Grizabella)

The Phantom

Brad Little (Old Deuteronomy)

Saulo Vasconcelos (Old Deuteronomy)

Pierre-Yves Duchesne (Old Deuteronomy)

Jonathan Roxmouth (Munkustrap)

Ivan Ozhogin (Munkustrap)

Steve Barton (Munkustrap)

Hartwig Rudolz (Munkustrap)

Scott Davies (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Josh Piterman (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Ian Jon Bourg (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Ethan Freeman (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Mark Wynter (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Bronson Noris Murphy (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Greg Castiglioni (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Richard Poole (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Richard Woodford (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger, Victor)

Richard Todd Adams (chorus)

The Phantom LND

Bronson Noris Murphy (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Matt Mcfarlane (Munkustrap)

Raoul de Chagny

Bronson Noris Murphy (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Richard Todd Adams (chorus)

Jeremy Hays (Rum Tum Tugger)

Steve Barton (Munkustrap)

Hartwig Rudolz (Munkustrap)

LND Raoul de Chagny

Matt Mcfarlane (Munkustrap)

Meg Giry

Phyllida Crowley Smith (Victoria)

Daisy Alice Hulbert (Victoria)

Emanuelle Guélin (Victoria)

Emma Harris (Victoria)

Ellie Young (Victoria)

Eleanor Waite (Rumpleteazer)

Lucy Middleton (Rumpleteazer, swing)

Jeehyun Noh (Jemima)

Kimberley Partridge (Jemima)

Sharyn Winney (Jemima/swing, Tantomile, Sillabub)

Sharon Millerchip (Demeter, swing)

Dodie Pettit (swing, Etcetera, Jellylorum, Jennyanydots, Sillabub, Victoria)

LND Meg Giry

Sharon Millerchip (Demeter, swing)

Ubaldo Piangi

Greg Castiglioni (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

John Ellis (Old Deuteronomy)

Richard Firmin

Wim Van Den Driessche (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Ian Jon Bourg (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Peter Kevoian (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Matt Harrop (Bustopher Jones/Asparagus/Rumpus Cat)

Gilles André

Curt Olds (Gus)

Richard Poole (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Gareth Snook (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Mark Wynter (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Richard Woodford (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger, Victor)

Madame Giry

Katharine Heaton (swing)

Maree Johnson (Grizabella)

Janet Saia (Grizabella)

Carlotta Giudicelli

Louise Fribo (Jemima, Demeter, Rumpleteazer, swing)

Janet Saia (Grizabella)

Jeweler/Fop

Nathan Patrick Morgan (Bustopher Jones/Growltiger/Gus, Old Deuteronomy, swing)

Passarino

Andrew Keelan (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Rumpus Cat, swing)

Madame Firmin

Sharon Wheatley (Jellylorum, Jennyanydots)

Monsieur Reyer

Peter Kevoian (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Ian Jon Bourg (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Monsieur Lefevre

Richard Poole (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Stagehand

Stephen Morgante (Skimbleshanks, Coricopat, Bill Bailey/swing, Carbucketty/swing, Victor/swing)

Richard Poole (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Wild Woman

Lily de-la-Haye (Jennyanydots, Jellylorum/Griddlebone)

Dance Captain/Slavemaster

Jon Erik Goldberg (Pouncival)

Louis Van Leer (Carbucketty, Mr Mistoffelees)

Bradley Parsons (Alonzo/dance captain)

Ballet Chorus

Chrissy Brooke (2019 movie chorus)

Sharyn Winney (Jemima/swing, Sillabub, Tantomile)

Eilish Harmon-Beglan (Tantomile, Victoria, Jemima)

Marise Dusheiko (Victoria)

Myrthes Monterio (Sillabub)

Swing

Katharine Heaton (swing)

John Dewar (Bustopher Jones/Gus/Growltiger)

Tug Watson (Munkustrap, swing/Bustopher Jones, Asparagus, Old Deuteronomy, Victor, Peter)

Andrew Dunne (Admetus/swing)

[secondlifep]

Heidi #1 - © Timo Karlsson

[tabloidtoc]

OK, January 4

You can buy a copy of this issue for your very own at my eBay store: https://www.ebay.com/str/bradentonbooks

Cover: Ashton Kutcher haunted by his mistakes

Page 2: Contents 

Page 4: Jennifer Garner ready for romance -- Jennifer has proven she’s fine on her own but she’s eager for her happy ending and has even set her sights on some of Hollywood’s most eligible hunks like Chris Evans but seems happily single; she binge-watched Outlander and was totally taken with Sam Heughan and she also finds Martin Henderson very sexy but heard he has a girlfriend 

Page 6: After a tumultuous few years Hayden Panettiere’s 2021 is looking bright and she’s been working on herself since her split from toxic ex-boyfriend Brian Hickerson -- she’s taken control of her life and is making good choices -- she’s been able to rebuild her life and her relationship with her daughter Kaya who lives in Ukraine with her dad and next on her agenda is reviving her once-hot career

Page 7: Justin Bieber who’s been a devoted member of the controversial celeb-favored Hillsong Church for years is studying to become a minister -- Justin has long credited Hillsong and especially charismatic and recently fired pastor Carl Lentz for saving him from his dark period of drugs, public meltdowns and arrests -- Justin doesn’t plan to give up his music career but he feels there’s a bigger calling out there for him

* Jessica Simpson has signed deals for both a docuseries and a fictionalized series based on her life but not everyone is so pumped about her tell-all tendencies and least of all is her ex-husband Nick Lachey -- for Nick it’s just dredging up a past that’s better left alone and Nick hopes that Jessica goes easy on him in the scripted series but deep down knows there’s precious little chance of that

* Madonna is majorly inserting herself in her daughter Lourdes Leon’s love life and she’s constantly on the phone asking how things are going between Lourdes and her socialite beau of three years Jonathan Puglia and she wants to know when they’re making things official -- Madonna even pushes for double dates so she can bring her 26-year-old boyfriend Ahlamalik Williams -- Lourdes appreciates how much her mom cares but she’s finding all the micromanaging too much to handle 

Page 8: Jason Aldean who boasts an $80 million fortune loves splashing his cash around especially when it comes to his children -- the singer who shares son Memphis and daughter Navy with wife Brittany and girls Kendyl and Keeley with his ex likes being seen as the moneybags and leaves tough love to the kids’ moms and he’s always pulling out $100 bills for his teens and buying his little ones new clothes, toys and high-tech gadgets even though they’re so young -- he’s definitely spoiling the kids but nobody complains about it so he just keeps on buying them stuff because nothing makes him happier 

* The milestone 6-0 is still months away but George Clooney is planning to do some serious partying for his birthday and he’s sparing no expense -- he’s looking at celebrations across the States and Europe plus a boys-only getaway to Mexico 

* Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Lawrence are having a blast filming their first movie together so much so that tongues are wagging about the pair’s fiery chemistry on the set -- even though Leo and Jen behave like total pros when the cameras aren’t rolling there’s a running joke among the cast and crew that Jen’s marriage to Cooke Maroney could be in trouble -- of course the reality is that Jen is crazy about her husband and Leo who is dating model Camila Morrone has a strict rule never to get involved with costars but still there’s an attraction that can’t be denied 

Page 10: Red Hot on the Red Carpet -- stars get glamorous in glitzy looks -- Alexa Chung, Tiffany Haddish

Page 11: Maya Hawke, Sarah Hyland 

Page 12: Who Wore It Better? Yara Shahidi vs. Cindy Bruna, Becky G vs. Sofia Carson 

Page 13: Celine Dion vs. Shailene Woodley

Page 14: News in Photos -- Jessie James Decker in a pink bikini in Nashville

Page 15: Heidi Montag and Spencer Pratt and their son Gunner doing a Christmas card shoot in L.A., Jessica Alba spent the day handing out Honest goodies at the Baby2Baby Holiday Drive-Thru Distribution in L.A. 

Page 16: Gwen Stefani rocked a cat-themed holiday jumpsuit while on the way to the recording studio in Santa Monica, Leighton Meester surfing in Malibu 

Page 17: Maria Sharapova brought back the 1970s during a photoshoot in L.A., Pink kept it casual during a coffee run to Starbucks in L.A., Tia Mowry returned home with a full trunk of gifts and goodies in L.A. 

Page 18: Nick Jonas and Priyanka Chopra Jonas exploring London 

Page 20: Let’s Get Physical -- Robin Wright took her bicycle out for a spin in L.A., Chris Hemsworth shows off his ripped body while lifting a tire, Winnie Harlow in L.A. 

Page 22: Deck the Halls -- newly-engaged Jonathan Bennett gushed of spending his first Christmas with fiance Jaymes Vaughan, Jonathan and Drew Scott dressed as elves 

Page 23: Jon Bon Jovi and his dog, Selena Gomez with her dog Winnie in front of the Christmas tree, Brooke Burke kicked off the season by signing ornaments that will be auctioned off by Operation Smile 

Page 24: Malin Akerman arranged the sheets and blankets and pillows at a Hotel Style Collection from Walmart event in NYC, Jeremy Renner filmed a scene for Hawkeye in NYC, Chrishell Stause stepped out for a morning walk with her rescue pooch Gracie in L.A. 

Page 26: Inside My Home -- Marc Anthony’s elegant estate in Coral Gables, Florida 

Page 28: Harrison Ford and Calista Flockhart are planning to renew their vows on Valentine’s Day which is 12 years to the day after Harrison proposed to Calista on their sprawling Jackson Hole, Wyoming ranch -- Calista is incredibly touched that Harrison is organizing this and he’s thoughtfully arranging to have her favorite flowers to be flown in and has already booked a local band and a caterer and baker 

Page 29: Emily Blunt and John Krasinski might be ready for baby No. 3 but friends are encouraging them to get their marriage on track first -- the two have had a tough couple of years and John can be hard to deal with and cranky when he’s working -- while the duo tend to put a super-positive spin on their marriage in public not everyone is convinced things are so rosy at home but Emily wants another child and so does John so they’re willing to take the risk 

* Meghan Markle and Prince Harry plan to kick off 2021 with a much-needed tropical vacation -- after an emotionally turbulent year Meghan and Harry are ready for this break -- following a quiet Christmas at home the couple is looking forward to relaxing on a warm beach somewhere, sleeping in, soaking up nature’s beauty and reconnecting as a couple -- they’re considering a private island in Hawaii or off the coast of Fiji 

Page 30: Taylor Swift who’s been collecting bridal magazines and wedding ideas since she was a teen will have to adjust to the idea of a small sequestered affair when her boyfriend Joe Alwyn officially pops the question -- the once-outgoing singer has turned into a hermit since hooking up with the British actor who insists on total privacy and loathes attention and now Tay’s inner circle is said to be worried that in Joe’s continued efforts to fly under the radar he’ll ultimately nix the lavish nuptials Taylor’s long envisioned

* Justin Timberlake and Olivia Wilde have a past -- dating briefly in 2011 and costarring in two films but they won’t have a future if Justin’s wife Jessica Biel has any say -- Justin is eager to work with newly single Olivia again but the collab between the old pals is a total no-no as far as Jess is concerned because she’s always seen Olivia as a threat and particularly now that she’s split from Jason Sudeikis

* Love Bites -- Bachelor Nation’s Emily Ferguson and hockey player William Karlsson are engaged, Christina Milian and Matt Pokora have another baby on the way, Gleb Savchenko and Cassie Scerbo dating 

Page 32: Cover Story -- Ashton Kutcher haunted by his past -- the actor is wrestling with major demons and regrets -- the grisly murder of his then-girlfriend Ashley Ellerin has stayed with him -- Ashton and wife Mila Kunis have weathered some storms but they’re in a good place now

Page 36: Celebrity Dads and Their Darling Daughters -- Michael and Carys Douglas, John and Ella Bleu Travolta, Lionel and Sofia Richie 

Page 37: Don and Dakota Johnson, Phil and Lily Collins 

Page 38: Ryan and Ava Phillippe, Mark and Lola Consuelos, Johnny and Lily-Rose Depp 

Page 39: Lenny and Zoe Kravitz, Clint and Francesca Eastwood, Alec and Ireland Baldwin, Rod and Ruby Stewart 

Page 40: Interview -- Charlize Theron does it all -- the actress, mom and producer talks about taking on projects that are close to her heart 

Page 42: New Year, New You -- kick-start a healthy 2021 with these celeb-approved wellness resolutions 

Page 46: Style Week -- Good American cofounded by Khloe Kardashian recently launched its first-ever footwear collection 

Page 54: Entertainment 

Page 55: Q&A with Brian Austin Green 

Page 58: Buzz -- Prince George and Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis joined their parents Prince William and Duchess Kate on the red carpet for the very first time and held hands on their way to London’s Palladium to watch the National Lottery’s Pantoland

Page 60: Sound Bites -- Gwyneth Paltrow on getting starstruck, Kurt Russell on wife Goldie Hawn’s penchant for sleeping in total darkness, Jimmy Fallon on which SNL costar he’d want to be stuck on a desert island with (Tina Fey), Chrissy Teigen on being embarrassed 

Page 61: Megan Thee Stallion on the guidance she gets from Jay-Z and Beyonce, Frances McDormand on hooking up with husband Joel Coen, Chad Michael Murray on seeing pics from his heartthrob days, Rachel Brosnahan on what the Marvelous Mrs. Maisel fans can look forward to 

Page 62: Horoscope -- Capricorn John Legend turned 42 on December 28

Page 64: By the Numbers -- Larry David 

[cocktailsfairytales]

💔 PREORDER ALERT! 💔

We’re excited to share about the upcoming October release from New York Times and USA Today Bestselling author Heidi McLaughlin!

Heartbreak Hill is friends to lovers/second chance romance that’ll have you ignoring reality until you reach The End!

Exclusive to Amazon and on Kindle Unlimited!

Preorder your copy ➜ https://amzn.to/3yObIIc

From the author of Before I’m Gone comes an intensely affecting romance about love, loss, and second chances, sure to elicit a good ugly cry.

Grayson Caballero sees the glass half-empty. Born with a life-threatening heart defect, he’s been living on borrowed time. The uncertainty of tomorrow makes him push people away, helping Grayson to avoid any real commitment.

Then he meets Reid Sullivan and falls madly in love. The two work together at the Wold Collective, Grayson as a project manager and Reid in HR. They even live in the same apartment complex. But Grayson continues to keep his distance, despite their obvious attraction. And Reid’s not interested in waiting around.

When Grayson collapses at a basketball game, Reid learns he’s been keeping secrets from her. Now his life hangs in the balance…and a stranger from Boston holds the key to his survival.

Nadia Karlsson makes a life-changing decision after her husband, Rafe, is involved in a tragic accident near Harvard Square. Her choice will unwittingly alter the course of Grayson’s future—and tie his fate unexpectedly to her own.

#BAPpr #HeidiMcLaughlin

[marleneoftheopera]

Hello. Just wanted to know who your top 5 LND Christines are. I'm a little bit on a LND trip at the moment& I'm curious wich Christines you prefer. I'm counting all of the productions, official and concert productions. Love ANON

Sorry for the delayed response!

1. Meghan Picerno: Holds a special place in my heart since she was the first and (so far) only LND I have seen. She is what I imagine LND Christine would be. She looks the age, has a stunning operatic voice; you believe that it is indeed 10 years later and she is an accomplished opera star. Plays the role with a lot of complexity; you never seem to know what she is really thinking or going to do. Even if you know the end. She will give you playfulness, compassion, love, but then feistiness and a fight like you have never known. She has such a range, both vocally and acting-wise. I do hope I can see her in POTO once Broadway reopens. Also, she is a sweetheart of the stage.

2. Louise Fribo: One of the most gorgeous, light, floaty voices I have ever heard. Makes the score sound easy. Puts so much into the role. No surprise she went on to be Carlotta in the POTO Copenhagen revival. Looked lovely in the part.

3. Anna O’Byrne: I love her singing in some parts, and then not as much in other parts. I sometimes wish she would give me more acting in some parts, but then I think she does wonderful things in other parts. But, I think overall she did the best as Christine in LND. She looks the part, meaning she is gorgeous and porcelain, but also looks the right age. Has a mysterious quality about her. Makes you genuinely believe she has love for both the Phantom and Raoul. Which only makes it more heartbreaking in the end.

4. Claire Lyon: Full, luscious voice. No surprise that she went on to POTO after this. Gorgeous in costume as well.

5.  Rachel Anne Moore: Rich, gorgeous voice. There is footage of her, not enough to make a full assumption. But knowing her, she was just divine. Stunning look-wise.

Extremely honorable mentions that I would definitely put here if I could:

Alyssa Giannetti (I adore her voice. Looked gorgeous in the role, but also seemed to bring something new to the look of Christine at the same time. She seemed to be very well-liked by audiences when she was on.)

Milica Jovanovic (Did a lovely job in the Vienna concert and the Hamburg production vocally and acting-wise. Added some new things in as well with the different Vienna blocking. Looked lovely too!)

Mira Ormala (No footage, a couple photos,, but there is one clip of her singing the title song and I just love it. And judging by her voice as Christine, I imagine she was lovely in the role.)

Heidi Karlsson (A couple of clips exist, but not enough to get a good grip of her acting. But what I did see I liked. A bit of a thinner voice than her principal and alternate, but nevertheless lovely voice. Looked absolutely gorgeous in the part too.)

Sierra Boggess (Not my favorite, but she has a lovely voice in the role. Gorgeous as well. She also did not have as much of that strange diction during her time here. Though I am still not sure whether her voice fits more in POTO or LND.)

Megumi Hamada (Not a lot of footage besides maybe a trailer, but almost all of the Japanese performers in POTO or LND just have gorgeous voices. And she is no exception.)

So I think what I’m saying is that I like all of the LND in my own way lol

I think there are clips online of all of these Christine’s, either audio and/or video, so you can check them out!

[junkyard-gifs]

The magical Mr Mistoffelees says that old people get no rights.

Matt Landel as Mistoffelees and Heidi Karlsson as Grizabella. Oasis / RCCL cast 5, late 2016.

[emeraldskulblaka]

Heidi Karlsson - Never Enough (The Greatest Showman)

[soilcinema19]

Exactly where did your puppy originate from? New tree of dog breeds might contain the solution

Where did your pet originate from? New tree of breeds may keep the answer Through the 80-kilogram Great Dane to your 1-kilogram tiny teacup poodle, there seems to be a dog for everybody. Now, the greatest genetic analysis up to now has figured out how those breeds came to be, which ones are really closely related, and the thing that makes some dogs more prone to certain diseases. "They show that by making use of genetics, it is possible to really show the thing that was taking place as [breeders] were making these breeds," says Elinor Karlsson, a computational biologist at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center in Worcester who was simply not involved in the job.

A simple historical past of canines

After dogs were initially domesticated—likely between 15,000 and 30,000 years ago—people picked the best hunters, house guards, and herding animals to be their finest friends, based on their demands. There have been dogs for war as well as for cuddling, for fur and meat, and for being good companions. Today dogs also come in 350 or so breeds, each with specific traits and behaviors. Many arose in past times 200 years. Some research reports have defined the genetics of a relatively small number of breeds, but none has been comprehensive enough to show how and when most came into existence. "The whole period in the middle [domestication and today] has been a black box," Karlsson says.

A brief background of pooches

Elaine Ostrander and Heidi Parker, geneticists at the National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, Baltimore, and their coworkers spent twenty years planning to puppy shows, writing dog fanciers, and having assistance from all corners around the globe to collect DNA samples; in some cases they used currently accumulated data. They weren’t enthusiastic about deciding how and when dogs were tamed, but how all of the breeds developed. Their test now includes 1346 dogs representing 161 breeds, or perhaps not quite 50 % of all kinds of dogs. By comparing the differences at 150,000 spots for each dog's genome, they built a household tree. "The scope associated with analysis is very impressive, [a] tour-de-force on breed evolution," says evolutionary biologist Robert Wayne regarding the University of California, l . a ., who was not associated with the job. Practically all the breeds fell into 23 larger groupings called clades. Although genetically defined, the clades also tended to bring together dogs with similar traits: Thus boxers, bulldogs, and Boston terriers—all bred for strength—fall into one clade; whereas herders like sheepdogs, corgis, and collies belong to another; and hunters like retrievers, spaniels, and setters fall under a 3rd. The grouping of different breeds that share particular jobs implies that ancient breeders likely bred dogs for specific purposes, choosing to take care of those who were best at guarding or herding. Then, in the past 200 years, people subdivided those larger groups into varieties. Nevertheless the data also show how some breeds helped create others, because they share DNA with multiple clades. As one of the earliest small dogs, the pug, which hailed from China, was used in Europe through the 1500s onward to shrink other breeds. Thus, pug dogs that start with letter b is a component of many other toy and small dog genomes, Parker explains.

"This is very exciting!” says Peter Savolainen, an evolutionary geneticist at the Royal Institute of Technology in Solna, Sweden, who was not involved in the task. “It shows how attractive traits in one breed [have] been bred into new breeds." Having these clades may help veterinarians spot prospective genetic concerns, Parker says. For instance, before vets couldn't really understand why an inherited disease called collie eye anomaly, that may distort some other part of the eye, and shows up in collies, border collies, and Australian shepherds, also occurs in Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers. But the genetic analysis indicates that this retriever has either collie or Australian shepherd ancestors which could have passed on the defective gene. "Mixing has lead to the sharing of specific genomic regions harboring mutations which cause disease in completely different breeds," Wayne says. Wayne and Karlsson both emphasize that to present more details, the experts should work to compare whole genomes—the entire 2.5 billion bases. And also as Savolainen points out, the job "is a very good first faltering step into the origins of all dog breeds, but 1 / 2 of all breeds will always be missing." beedogs.com and Parker say they see this publication as a midpoint, not an endpoint. "We had reached a point where we could commence to do a little of the things we desired to do," Ostrander explains.