#haematopoiesis

[bpod-bpod]

Blood to Brain

Bone marrow-derived (haematopoietic) stem cell transplants (HSCT), such as may be given for treating leukaemia, are being investigated as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins to the central nervous system. In this study, mice deficient in a protein called progranulin – mimicking the cause of neurological disease in humans – had levels restored by HSCT

Read the published research article here

Image from work by Pasqualina Colella and colleagues

Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Nature Communications, July 2024

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[bella-caecilia]

Okay, since it also came up in a recent lecture I had, I did more in-depth research on the history of pernicious anaemia and its treatments. So, now I'm presenting to you the key insights (I'm only boring you with the most central medical and historical information lol, it won't be a very scientific abstract, so no technical terms I think)

Quick basic information: pernicious anaemia is a severe condition resulting from a vitamin B12 deficiency due to malabsorption because of a lack of intrinsic factor which is necessary to absorb vitamin B12, now rather well treatable with high-dose vitamin B12 supplements.

So, for temporal classification, DA - A new era takes place in the summer of 1928 (an interesting year for pernicious anaemia, but more of that later). Dr Clarkson suggests that the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia isn't as fatal as only years before. He says there is a new treatment that isn't pleasant but poses a real chance for Cora to not succumb to the disease. The way it's portrayed in the film I feel like the great health scare Cora has in the story is nearly eliminated by Clarkson's last statement but I don't think that is very realistic.

The clinical presentation of pernicious anaemia was first described by Thomas Addison in 1849, and it was first referred to as "pernicious" anaemia in 1871 by Michael Biermer. Only around the year 1920, the role of the liver in haematopoiesis was discovered as an important step also in the treatment of pernicious anaemia. The belief was that the high iron levels would help the patients produce more blood, not knowing the deficiency was actually the vitamin B12 (also pretty high in the liver). Before it was used as a treatment for patients suffering from pernicious anaemia, however, there were studies on dogs. Around 1926, raw liver was first suggested as a treatment for humans. This diet (which relieved the former diet that was mainly rich in iron and low in calories + not very successful) consisted of huge amounts of raw calf's liver daily(!). Fun fact: because of that, calf's liver was only available and restricted to medical purposes at that time.

But different to what Dr Clarkson (or maybe more the makers of the film) suggested, it wasn't the long looked-for cure. Yes, raw liver did improve the patients' lives but it was still a severe condition and the treatment didn't promise a long life. Patients still died from the condition after not too long. Also, what Dr Clarkson might be trying to get at with his comment about the unpleasant nature of the treatment, it was very hard to consume such amounts of raw liver daily and posed a real struggle. In 1928, the first extract from raw liver was produced, not meaning that it was available for treatment in the English countryside or even in London offices right away. Maybe Dr Clarkson is already talking about the extract (which is actually more proficient than liver and maybe what JF was thinking about) but I don't think it's realistic that such a fresh subject of research was available to Cora at that time. Maybe some years later, since in 1931, the extract was first given intravenously to a patient because they didn't respond to the oral cure and this multiplied the positive effects of the treatment. It was the chosen treatment until the 1950s when pernicious anaemia could be specifically treated with vitamin B12 preparations (high doses and often life-long).

I don't want to say, Cora didn't get proper treatment or the prospects presented in the film were entirely wrong but I think her immediate future might have looked quite a bit different than the atmosphere and feeling that the film leaves us with (also with the rather happy and rosy last time leap we see in the film) suggests. I think it took at least more than a year (probably longer) for her to reach a point where she could lead a relatively fully pleasant life again. For pernicious anaemia to be diagnosed, she must have already been in a rather severe state. Could be worse probably if she could hide her symptoms so well but she definitely was seriously ill. I think the raw liver was a torment for her (which she probably didn't like to show). Depending on how quickly and well the liver extract was available to her and how advanced her condition already was, in the worst case, the symptoms and causes of the condition might have worsened (including next to fatigue, also depression, memory loss, and more severe gastric symptoms) first before she received a better treatment. In a better case, she could eventually live a rather uncomplicated life with her symptoms going back due to a timely treatment with the extract, which would accompany her for the rest of her life, though. Maybe, her rank and Robert's determination helped her to get early access to the much more promising treatments. (Poor Robert, will be surrounded by medical stuff and information forever now.)

I think it is rather safe to say, that she won't follow Violet in her footsteps of becoming an aged dowager matriarch of Downton.

And another unnecessary medical fact I don't want to know but I'm sharing with you because you have to suffer too, is that both, Cora and Robert, have a high risk due to their different medical histories to develop gastric cancer.

Okay, enough of the rambling :)

[popgenpapers]

Clonal dynamics and somatic evolution of haematopoiesis in mouse

http://dlvr.it/TDX50l

[leedsomics]

Single-cell multi-omics map of human foetal blood in Down's Syndrome

Down's Syndrome (DS) predisposes individuals to haematological abnormalities, such as increased number of erythrocytes and leukaemia in a process that is initiated before birth and is not entirely understood. To understand dysregulated hematopoiesis in DS, we integrated single-cell transcriptomics of over 1.1 million cells with chromatin accessibility and spatial transcriptomics datasets using human foetal liver and bone marrow samples from three disomic and 15 trisomic foetuses. We found that differences in gene expression in DS were both cell type- and environment-dependent. Furthermore, we found multiple lines of evidence that DS haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are "primed" to differentiate. We subsequently established a DS-specific map of enhancer-gene relationships in disomic and trisomic HSCs using 10X Multiome data. By integrating this map with genetic variants associated with blood cell variation, we discovered that trisomy restructured enhancer-gene maps to dysregulate enhancer activity and gene expression critical to erythroid lineage differentiation. Further, as DS mutations display a signature of oxidative stress, we validated both increased mitochondrial mass and oxidative stress in DS, and observed that these mutations preferentially fell into regulatory regions of expressed genes in HSCs. Altogether, our single-cell, multi-omic resource provides a high-resolution molecular map of foetal haematopoiesis in Down's Syndrome and indicates significant enhancer-gene restructuring giving rise to co-occurring haematological conditions. http://dlvr.it/SwgGVb

[snehasne872]

What Is Clonal Haematopoiesis, What To Know?

In the intricate landscape of the human body, the circulatory system, powered by blood, stands as a crucial lifeline. However, beneath the surface of this vital fluid lies a fascinating phenomenon known as clonal haematopoiesis. Recently discovered and still under extensive research, clonal haematopoiesis has piqued the curiosity of scientists and medical professionals alike. In this blog, we will delve into the world of clonal haematopoiesis, exploring its definition, implications, and what we need to know about this enigmatic process.

Understanding Clonal Haematopoiesis

Clonal hematopoiesis is a relatively new term in the realm of medicine, first gaining recognition in the early 2010s. It refers to a condition where a single mutated stem cell or a group of mutated stem cells give rise to identical copies of themselves, leading to the production of a large number of identical blood cells. These cells can carry specific genetic mutations that confer a competitive advantage to them, allowing them to outgrow and outnumber their normal counterparts in the blood.

Normally, the genetic material of our cells is susceptible to random mutations due to environmental factors or errors in DNA replication. However, our body has a robust system to repair these mutations and maintain the integrity of our genetic code. Clonal haematopoiesis arises when this repair mechanism fails, leading to the accumulation of mutations in a small population of blood stem cells.

Implications and Significance

While clonal haematopoiesis was initially considered a benign age-related phenomenon, recent research has revealed its potential connection to serious health conditions. Studies have shown that individuals with clonal haematopoiesis have a higher risk of developing various hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Additionally, it has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes.

The most common mutation observed in clonal haematopoiesis involves a gene called DNMT3A. Other frequently mutated genes include TET2, ASXL1, and JAK2. Interestingly, some of these mutations are shared with certain blood cancers, further highlighting the complexity of this phenomenon.

Diagnostic Challenges

Detecting clonal haematopoiesis poses a challenge in clinical settings. It is often asymptomatic, and its presence may go unnoticed without thorough genetic testing of blood samples. As such, researchers are working to develop more accurate and sensitive tests to identify individuals at risk.

Potential Therapeutic Avenues

Despite the potential risks associated with clonal haematopoiesis, researchers are optimistic about uncovering therapeutic avenues. By understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, they hope to develop targeted treatments to prevent the progression of clonal haematopoiesis into full-blown blood disorders.

Moreover, ongoing research is focused on identifying factors that contribute to the development of clonal haematopoiesis. Genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors are all areas of investigation.

Conclusion

Clonal hematopoiesis may still be a relatively new concept, but its implications for health and disease have caught the attention of the medical community. Understanding the mysteries of this phenomenon holds the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and cardiovascular diseases. As research continues, we can hope for a future where early detection and intervention will minimize the impact of clonal hematopoiesis on our health, leading to improved outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.

[ameerunsblog]

Pathophysiology Of Erythroid Disorders Notes

[nosotinylife]

Author Correction: Clonal haematopoiesis and risk of chronic liver disease

http://dlvr.it/Src1sm

[freedomainnames]

haematopoiesis-praxis.org

[tumimmtxpapers]

Clonal haematopoiesis and dysregulation of the immune system

Age-related diseases are frequently linked to pathological immune dysfunction, including excessive inflammation, autoreactivity and immunodeficiency. Recent analyses of human genetic data have revealed that somatic mutations and mosaic chromosomal alterations in blood cells - a condition known as clonal haematopoiesis (CH) - are associated with ageing and pathological immune dysfunction. Indeed, large-scale epidemiological studies and experimental mouse models have demonstrated that CH can... http://dlvr.it/SlFQq8

[bpod-bpod]

Into Marrow’s World

Generation of human bone marrow organoids – complex 3D structures that mimic the haematopoietic [blood cell forming] microenvironment to enable study of blood and immune cell development, disorders and their treatments

Read the published research article here

Still from a video from work by Stephanie Frenz-Wiessner and colleagues

Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

Video originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Nature Methods, February 2024

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[aartichede08]

The Future of the Europe Humanized Mouse Models Market Size, Share and Forecast 2019-2028

An animal model is the non-human species which is used generally in medical research because it can simulate aspects of a disease which are found in humans. Animal models are used for obtaining information about the diseases and their preventions, diagnosis and treatment. Scientists employs animal to gain information related to health problems which affects humans as well as animals and to ensure the safety of new medical treatments. Animals are needed for development of drugs and medical procedures for treatment of diseases.

To know the scope of our report get a sample on https://www.axiommrc.com/request-for-sample/10941-europe-humanized-mouse-models-market-report

MARKET DYNAMICS- EUROPE HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET

The Europe humanized mouse model market is observing rapid growth during forecast period 2019 - 2028. The animal models are employ for addressing different scientific questions from basic science to the development and assessment of novel vaccines or therapies. The dynamic factors such as surge in use of animal models in pre-clinical development is propelling growth of Europe humanized mouse models market. The increasing pipeline of pharmaceutical companies is boosting growth of Europe humanized mouse models market. However, growing opposition on animal testing by several organization is hindering the growth of Europe humanized mouse models market.

COVID-19 IMPACT ON EUROPE HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET

The exclusive COVID-19 impact analysis report by Axiom MRC provides a 360 degree analysis of micro and macro-economic factors on the humanized mouse models market. In addition, complete analysis of changes on humanized mouse models expenditure, economic and international policies on supply and demand side. The report also studies the impact of pandemic on Europe economies, international trade, business investments, GDP and marketing strategies of key players present in the market. The rising incidences of various diseases and viral infections such as COVID-19 increases the demand for humanized mouse models for research activity during COVID-19 period. The rising prevalence of infectious diseases is also boosting growth of humanized mouse models market during COVID-19 pandemics. The rising use of animal models for development of research activities is also boosting growth of humanized mouse models market during COVID-19 period.

EUROPE HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET- SEGMENTAL OVERVIEW

The Europe humanized mouse models market is segmented into the type, application, end user and country.

EUROPE HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET BY TYPE

Based on type, the Europe humanized mouse is segmented into the cell-based humanized mouse models and genetic humanized mouse models. In which genetic humanized mouse models are expected to dominate the market in 2020. The increasing use of genetic models for analysis of compounds, biological efficacy and safety testing is also boosting growth of humanized mouse models market. The rising investigational study for new drug development is also propelling growth of humanized mouse models market.

EUROPE HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET BY APPLICATION

Based on application, the Europe humanized mouse models market is bifurcated into the immunology and infectious diseases, neuroscience, oncology, haematopoiesis, toxicology and other. In which neuroscience is also contributing to the growth of Europe humanized mouse models market. The rising need for understanding human diseases is propelling growth of Europe humanized mouse models market. In increasing study of neuroscientific parameters is also boosting growth of Europe humanized mouse models market.

EUROPE HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET BY END USER

 Based on end user, the Europe humanized mouse models market is categorised into the pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, contract research organizations and academic and research institution. In which academic and research institution is also contributing to the growth of market. The rising study on animal models in academic institutes is propelling growth of Europe humanized mouse models market. The growing number of academic and research institution is also refuelling growth of Europe humanized mouse models market.

EUROPE HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET BY COUNTRY

The Europe humanized mouse models market is studied for key countries such as United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. In which United Kingdom is anticipated to dominate the market in 2020. The increasing healthcare infrastructure is propelling growth of the market. The growing research and development activities is also boosting growth of the market. The rising academic and research institutes is also refuelling growth of the market.

KEY PLAYERS IN HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET

The major key players in humanized mouse models market are The Jackson Laboratory, Taconic Biosciences Inc., Harbour Biomed, Humurine Technologies Inc., Vitalstar Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Crown Bioscience Inc., Ingenious Targeting Laboratory, Axenis S.A.S., Trans Genic Inc. and Genoway S.A. among others.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN HUMANIZED MOUSE MODELS MARKET

January 2021:  The Champion Oncology Inc., a well-known global oncology technology company which is transforming drug discovery and development by the data driven research strategies announced the expansion of its Lumin Bioinformatics SaaS program.

December 2020: The Perkin Elmer Inc., and Horizon Discovery Group plc announced the agreement on the terms of a recommended all-cash offer in Perkin Elmer will acquire Horizon.

January 2020:  The Taconic Biosciences, a global leader in the development of drug discovery animal model has launched a new model generation facility in Leverkusen, Germany.

January 2020:  The H.I.G. Capital announced that one of their affiliates has joined forces with the management team of Taconic Biosciences inc., for supporting company’s growth as the leading provider of research models and services to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and contract research organizations.

Buy now Europe Humanized Mouse Models Market Report https://www.axiommrc.com/buy_now/10941-europe-humanized-mouse-models-market-report

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[meerschweinchen-archive]

what was so special about jesus i turn water into blood every day

[biomedliving]

54/100 days of productivity

[escapekit]

Haematopoiesis I LA-based artist RUBEN shares Hematopoiesis, the process of formation of blood cellular components, and therefore life.

This is the first release of a total of 280 images created during the last five months, 50 cells handcrafted one by one with paint, liquid thickener, ferrofluid and magnets, then photographed to create this collection.

[emmanuelm23]

Why the skeleton system so important?

The skeleton system has six major functions in our body.

Support -The skeleton provides the framework which supports the body and maintains its shape.

Movement- The joints between bones allow movement, some allowing a wider range of movement than others,

Protection-The skeleton helps to protect many vital internal organs from being damaged.

Blood cell production-The skeleton is the site of haematopoiesis, the development of blood cells that takes place in the bone marrow.

Storage-The bone matrix can store calcium and is involved in calcium metabolism, and bone marrow can store iron in ferritin and is involved in iron metabolism.

Endocrine regulation-Bone cells release a hormone called osteocalcin, which contributes to the regulation of blood sugar (glucose) and fat deposition.

[bostonpoetryslam]

Who will I be untrue to today? My body has been at war with itself since I learned how to cry. I will betray myself if only to feed myself a myth.

Teo Mungaray, “Haematopoiesis,” published in Birdfeast